gæstan in Old English

IPA: /ˈɡæːs.tɑn/ [Show additional information ▼] [Hide additional information ▲]

Etymology: From Proto-West Germanic *gaistijan, from Proto-Germanic *gaistijaną, related to *gaistaz (“fear, terror”). Cognate with Gothic 𐌿𐍃𐌲𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌽 (usgaisjan). Etymology templates: {{inh|ang|gmw-pro|*gaistijan}} Proto-West Germanic *gaistijan, {{inh|ang|gem-pro|*gaistijaną}} Proto-Germanic *gaistijaną, {{cog|got|𐌿𐍃𐌲𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌽}} Gothic 𐌿𐍃𐌲𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌽 (usgaisjan) Head templates: {{ang-verb|gǣstan}} gǣstan Inflection templates: {{ang-conj|gǣstan<w1>}} Forms: gǣstan [canonical], weak [table-tags], gǣstan [infinitive], gǣstenne [infinitive], gǣste [first-person, present, singular], gǣste [first-person, past, singular], gǣstest [present, second-person, singular], gǣst [present, second-person, singular], gǣstest [past, second-person, singular], gǣsteþ [present, singular, third-person], gǣst [present, singular, third-person], gǣste [past, singular, third-person], gǣstaþ [plural, present], gǣston [past, plural], gǣste [present, singular], gǣste [past, singular], gǣsten [plural, present], gǣsten [past, plural], gǣst [imperative, past, present, singular], gǣstaþ [imperative, past, plural, present], gǣstende [imperative, present], gǣsted [imperative, past], ġegǣsted [imperative, past]

[Show JSON for postprocessed kaikki.org data shown on this page ▼] [Hide JSON for postprocessed kaikki.org data shown on this page ▲]

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "gasten"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle English: gasten",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle English: gasten"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "gast"
          },
          "expansion": "English: gast",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: gast"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*gaistijan"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *gaistijan",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*gaistijaną"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *gaistijaną",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "got",
        "2": "𐌿𐍃𐌲𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌽"
      },
      "expansion": "Gothic 𐌿𐍃𐌲𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌽 (usgaisjan)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *gaistijan, from Proto-Germanic *gaistijaną, related to *gaistaz (“fear, terror”). Cognate with Gothic 𐌿𐍃𐌲𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌽 (usgaisjan).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "gǣstan",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "weak",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ang-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "1",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gǣstan",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gǣstenne",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gǣste",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gǣste",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gǣstest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gǣst",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gǣstest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gǣsteþ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gǣst",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gǣste",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gǣstaþ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gǣston",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gǣste",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gǣste",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gǣsten",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gǣsten",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gǣst",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gǣstaþ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gǣstende",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gǣsted",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ġegǣsted",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gǣstan"
      },
      "expansion": "gǣstan",
      "name": "ang-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gǣstan<w1>"
      },
      "name": "ang-conj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old English",
  "lang_code": "ang",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "46 54",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "46 54",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to frighten; gast"
      ],
      "id": "en-gæstan-ang-verb-660nMyQy",
      "links": [
        [
          "frighten",
          "frighten"
        ],
        [
          "gast",
          "gast"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "46 54",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "46 54",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to torment; afflict"
      ],
      "id": "en-gæstan-ang-verb-7vUoVeQT",
      "links": [
        [
          "torment",
          "torment"
        ],
        [
          "afflict",
          "afflict"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɡæːs.tɑn/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "gæstan"
}

[Show JSON for raw wiktextract data ▼] [Hide JSON for raw wiktextract data ▲]

{
  "categories": [
    "Old English class 1 weak verbs",
    "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Old English lemmas",
    "Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Old English verbs",
    "Pages with 1 entry"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "gasten"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle English: gasten",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle English: gasten"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "gast"
          },
          "expansion": "English: gast",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: gast"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*gaistijan"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *gaistijan",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*gaistijaną"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *gaistijaną",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "got",
        "2": "𐌿𐍃𐌲𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌽"
      },
      "expansion": "Gothic 𐌿𐍃𐌲𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌽 (usgaisjan)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *gaistijan, from Proto-Germanic *gaistijaną, related to *gaistaz (“fear, terror”). Cognate with Gothic 𐌿𐍃𐌲𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌽 (usgaisjan).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "gǣstan",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "weak",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ang-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "1",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gǣstan",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gǣstenne",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gǣste",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gǣste",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gǣstest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gǣst",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gǣstest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gǣsteþ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gǣst",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gǣste",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gǣstaþ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gǣston",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gǣste",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gǣste",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gǣsten",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gǣsten",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gǣst",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gǣstaþ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gǣstende",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gǣsted",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ġegǣsted",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gǣstan"
      },
      "expansion": "gǣstan",
      "name": "ang-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gǣstan<w1>"
      },
      "name": "ang-conj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old English",
  "lang_code": "ang",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to frighten; gast"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "frighten",
          "frighten"
        ],
        [
          "gast",
          "gast"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to torment; afflict"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "torment",
          "torment"
        ],
        [
          "afflict",
          "afflict"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɡæːs.tɑn/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "gæstan"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-09-22 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-09-20 using wiktextract (af5c55c and 66545a6). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

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"gæstan" meaning in Old English

Verb