See dreogan in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "ādrēogan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "ġedrēogan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "þurhdrēogan"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dree",
"3": "drudge"
},
"expansion": "English: dree, drudge",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: dree, drudge"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "dree"
},
"expansion": "Scots: dree",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: dree"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*dreugan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *dreugan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*dreuganą"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *dreuganą",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌳𐍂𐌹𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌽",
"3": "",
"4": "do military service"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌳𐍂𐌹𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌽 (driugan, “do military service”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "driogan"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon driogan",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "drýgja",
"3": "",
"4": "perform, practise"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse drýgja (“perform, practise”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *dreugan, from Proto-Germanic *dreuganą. Cognate with Gothic 𐌳𐍂𐌹𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌽 (driugan, “do military service”), Old Saxon driogan and Old Norse drýgja (“perform, practise”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "drēogan",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "2",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "drēogan",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "drēogenne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "drēoge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drēag",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drēah",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drīeġst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "druge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drīeġþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drēag",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drēah",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drēogaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "drugon",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drēoge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "druge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drēogen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "drugen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drēog",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drēoh",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drēogaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "drēogende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "drogen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ġedrogen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "drēogan"
},
"expansion": "drēogan",
"name": "ang-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "drēogan<s2>"
},
"name": "ang-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "72 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "56 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "78 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Worshiping idols is a kind of paganism, whether one worships heathen gods and the sun or the moon, or fire or flood, or wells or stones or any kind of forest trees, or if one loves witchcraft or commits murder in any way, either by sacrifice or by divination, or takes any part in similar delusions.",
"ref": "c. 1021, Wulfstan, Winchester Code of Cnut, article 5.1:",
"text": "Hǣðensċipe biþ þæt man dēofolġield weorðiġe, þæt is þæt man weorðiġe hǣðenu godu and sunnan oþþe mōnan, fȳr oþþe flōd, wæterwiellas oþþe stānas oþþe ǣniġes cynnes wudutreowu, oþþe wiċċecræft lufiġe oþþe morðweorc ġefremme on ǣniġe wīsan, oþþe on blōte oþþe frihte, oþþe swelcra gedwimera ǣniġ þing drēoge.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to do, take, perform (a service, duty etc.)"
],
"id": "en-dreogan-ang-verb-bNC6K07B",
"links": [
[
"do",
"do"
],
[
"take",
"take"
],
[
"perform",
"perform"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to bear, suffer, undergo, endure"
],
"id": "en-dreogan-ang-verb-1J4Q2o6a",
"links": [
[
"bear",
"bear"
],
[
"suffer",
"suffer"
],
[
"undergo",
"undergo"
],
[
"endure",
"endure"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdre͜oː.ɡɑn/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈdre͜oː.ɣɑn]"
}
],
"word": "dreogan"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old English class 2 strong verbs",
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old English verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "ādrēogan"
},
{
"word": "ġedrēogan"
},
{
"word": "þurhdrēogan"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dree",
"3": "drudge"
},
"expansion": "English: dree, drudge",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: dree, drudge"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "dree"
},
"expansion": "Scots: dree",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: dree"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*dreugan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *dreugan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*dreuganą"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *dreuganą",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌳𐍂𐌹𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌽",
"3": "",
"4": "do military service"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌳𐍂𐌹𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌽 (driugan, “do military service”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "driogan"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon driogan",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "drýgja",
"3": "",
"4": "perform, practise"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse drýgja (“perform, practise”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *dreugan, from Proto-Germanic *dreuganą. Cognate with Gothic 𐌳𐍂𐌹𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌽 (driugan, “do military service”), Old Saxon driogan and Old Norse drýgja (“perform, practise”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "drēogan",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "2",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "drēogan",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "drēogenne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "drēoge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drēag",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drēah",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drīeġst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "druge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drīeġþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drēag",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drēah",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "drēogaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "drugon",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drēoge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "druge",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drēogen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "drugen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drēog",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drēoh",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "drēogaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "drēogende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "drogen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ġedrogen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "drēogan"
},
"expansion": "drēogan",
"name": "ang-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "drēogan<s2>"
},
"name": "ang-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Worshiping idols is a kind of paganism, whether one worships heathen gods and the sun or the moon, or fire or flood, or wells or stones or any kind of forest trees, or if one loves witchcraft or commits murder in any way, either by sacrifice or by divination, or takes any part in similar delusions.",
"ref": "c. 1021, Wulfstan, Winchester Code of Cnut, article 5.1:",
"text": "Hǣðensċipe biþ þæt man dēofolġield weorðiġe, þæt is þæt man weorðiġe hǣðenu godu and sunnan oþþe mōnan, fȳr oþþe flōd, wæterwiellas oþþe stānas oþþe ǣniġes cynnes wudutreowu, oþþe wiċċecræft lufiġe oþþe morðweorc ġefremme on ǣniġe wīsan, oþþe on blōte oþþe frihte, oþþe swelcra gedwimera ǣniġ þing drēoge.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to do, take, perform (a service, duty etc.)"
],
"links": [
[
"do",
"do"
],
[
"take",
"take"
],
[
"perform",
"perform"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to bear, suffer, undergo, endure"
],
"links": [
[
"bear",
"bear"
],
[
"suffer",
"suffer"
],
[
"undergo",
"undergo"
],
[
"endure",
"endure"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdre͜oː.ɡɑn/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈdre͜oː.ɣɑn]"
}
],
"word": "dreogan"
}
Download raw JSONL data for dreogan meaning in Old English (5.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (eaedd02 and 8fbd9e8). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.