See cleofan in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "cleven",
"id": "to split"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: cleven\nEnglish: cleave\nScots: cleave",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: cleven\nEnglish: cleave\nScots: cleave"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*glewbʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*kleuban"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *kleuban",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kleubaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kleubaną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*glewbʰ-",
"4": "",
"5": "cut, carve"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *glewbʰ- (“cut, carve”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "kliovan"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon kliovan",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "clieven"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch clieven",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "klieven"
},
"expansion": "Dutch klieven",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "klioban"
},
"expansion": "Old High German klioban",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "kljúfa"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse kljúfa",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "γλύφω",
"3": "",
"4": "carve"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek γλύφω (glúphō, “carve”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "glūbō",
"3": "",
"4": "strip the bark off a tree"
},
"expansion": "Latin glūbō (“strip the bark off a tree”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "глубо́кий",
"3": "",
"4": "deep"
},
"expansion": "Russian глубо́кий (glubókij, “deep”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *kleuban, from Proto-Germanic *kleubaną, from Proto-Indo-European *glewbʰ- (“cut, carve”).\nGermanic cognates include Old Saxon kliovan, Middle Dutch clieven (Dutch klieven), Old High German klioban, Old Norse kljúfa. The Indo-European root is also the source of Ancient Greek γλύφω (glúphō, “carve”), Latin glūbō (“strip the bark off a tree”), Russian глубо́кий (glubókij, “deep”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "clēofan",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "2",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "clēofan",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "clēofenne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "clēofe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "clēaf",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "clīefst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "clufe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "clīefþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "clēaf",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "clēofaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "clufon",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "clēofe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "clufe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "clēofen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "clufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "clēof",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "clēofaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "clēofende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "clofen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ġeclofen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "clēofan"
},
"expansion": "clēofan",
"name": "ang-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "clēofan<s2>"
},
"name": "ang-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Edward’s sons clove the shield-wall. (Anglo-Saxon Chronicles)",
"text": "Bordweall clufon aforan Eadweardes.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to cleave, split"
],
"id": "en-cleofan-ang-verb--zsu5hku",
"links": [
[
"cleave",
"cleave"
],
[
"split",
"split"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "clēafa"
},
{
"word": "ġeclyft"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkle͜oː.fɑn/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkle͜oː.vɑn]"
}
],
"word": "cleofan"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "cleven",
"id": "to split"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: cleven\nEnglish: cleave\nScots: cleave",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: cleven\nEnglish: cleave\nScots: cleave"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*glewbʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*kleuban"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *kleuban",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kleubaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kleubaną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*glewbʰ-",
"4": "",
"5": "cut, carve"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *glewbʰ- (“cut, carve”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "kliovan"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon kliovan",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "clieven"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch clieven",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "klieven"
},
"expansion": "Dutch klieven",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "klioban"
},
"expansion": "Old High German klioban",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "kljúfa"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse kljúfa",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "γλύφω",
"3": "",
"4": "carve"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek γλύφω (glúphō, “carve”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "glūbō",
"3": "",
"4": "strip the bark off a tree"
},
"expansion": "Latin glūbō (“strip the bark off a tree”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "глубо́кий",
"3": "",
"4": "deep"
},
"expansion": "Russian глубо́кий (glubókij, “deep”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *kleuban, from Proto-Germanic *kleubaną, from Proto-Indo-European *glewbʰ- (“cut, carve”).\nGermanic cognates include Old Saxon kliovan, Middle Dutch clieven (Dutch klieven), Old High German klioban, Old Norse kljúfa. The Indo-European root is also the source of Ancient Greek γλύφω (glúphō, “carve”), Latin glūbō (“strip the bark off a tree”), Russian глубо́кий (glubókij, “deep”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "clēofan",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "2",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "clēofan",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "clēofenne",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "clēofe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "clēaf",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "clīefst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "clufe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "clīefþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "clēaf",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "clēofaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "clufon",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "clēofe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "clufe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "clēofen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "clufen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "clēof",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "clēofaþ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "clēofende",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "clofen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ġeclofen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "clēofan"
},
"expansion": "clēofan",
"name": "ang-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "clēofan<s2>"
},
"name": "ang-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "clēafa"
},
{
"word": "ġeclyft"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old English class 2 strong verbs",
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *glewbʰ-",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old English terms with quotations",
"Old English verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Edward’s sons clove the shield-wall. (Anglo-Saxon Chronicles)",
"text": "Bordweall clufon aforan Eadweardes.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to cleave, split"
],
"links": [
[
"cleave",
"cleave"
],
[
"split",
"split"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkle͜oː.fɑn/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkle͜oː.vɑn]"
}
],
"word": "cleofan"
}
Download raw JSONL data for cleofan meaning in Old English (5.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (eaedd02 and 8fbd9e8). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.