hyrst

From Proto-West Germanic *hrusti (“armour, armament”).

Bēg and siglu eall swylce hyrsta swylce on horde ǣr men genumen hæfdon.

Rings and jewels, all such ornaments as before men had taken in the hoard.

(poetic) ornament, decoration, jewel; accoutrements, trappings, armor


wod

wōd (canonical)
wōd (masculine nominative singular)
wōd (feminine nominative singular)
wōd (neuter nominative singular)
wōdne (accusative masculine singular)
wōde (accusative feminine singular)
wōd (accusative neuter singular)
wōdes (genitive masculine singular)
wōdre (feminine genitive singular)
wōdes (genitive neuter singular)
wōdum (dative masculine singular)
wōdre (dative feminine singular)
wōdum (dative neuter singular)
wōde (instrumental masculine singular)
wōdre (feminine instrumental singular)
wōde (instrumental neuter singular)
wōde (masculine nominative plural)
wōda (feminine nominative plural)
wōde (feminine nominative plural)
wōd (neuter nominative plural)
wōde (accusative masculine plural)
wōda (accusative feminine plural)
wōde (accusative feminine plural)
wōd (accusative neuter plural)
wōdra (genitive masculine plural)
wōdra (feminine genitive plural)
wōdra (genitive neuter plural)
wōdum (dative masculine plural)
wōdum (dative feminine plural)
wōdum (dative neuter plural)
wōdum (instrumental masculine plural)
wōdum (feminine instrumental plural)
wōdum (instrumental neuter plural)
wōda (masculine nominative singular)
wōde (feminine nominative singular)
wōde (neuter nominative singular)
wōdan (accusative masculine singular)
wōdan (accusative feminine singular)
wōde (accusative neuter singular)
wōdan (genitive masculine singular)
wōdan (feminine genitive singular)
wōdan (genitive neuter singular)
wōdan (dative masculine singular)
wōdan (dative feminine singular)
wōdan (dative neuter singular)
wōdan (instrumental masculine singular)
wōdan (feminine instrumental singular)
wōdan (instrumental neuter singular)
wōdan (masculine nominative plural)
wōdan (feminine nominative plural)
wōdan (neuter nominative plural)
wōdan (accusative masculine plural)
wōdan (accusative feminine plural)
wōdan (accusative neuter plural)
wōdra (genitive masculine plural)
wōdena (genitive masculine plural)
wōdra (feminine genitive plural)
wōdena (feminine genitive plural)
wōdra (genitive neuter plural)
wōdena (genitive neuter plural)
wōdum (dative masculine plural)
wōdum (dative feminine plural)
wōdum (dative neuter plural)
wōdum (instrumental masculine plural)
wōdum (feminine instrumental plural)
wōdum (instrumental neuter plural)

English: wood², wode

From Proto-Germanic *wōdaz. Cognate with Old High German wuot, Old Norse óðr, Gothic 𐍅𐍉𐌳𐍃 (wōds).

"Gospel of Saint John", chapter 10, verse 21

Some said, these are not words of a mad man. Do you say a mad man of blind men can open eyes?

Sume cwǣdon, Ne synt nā þās wōdes mannes word. Cwyst þū mæġ wōd man blindra manna ēagan ontȳnan?

c. 990, Wessex Gospels, John 8:52

Then the Jews said, "Now we know you're crazy. Abraham died, and so did the prophets, and you're saying, 'If anyone keeps my word, they will never die.'"

Þā cwǣdon þā Iūdēas, "Nū wē witon þæt þū eart wōd. Ābrahām wæs dēad, and þā wītegan, and þū cwist, 'Ġif hwā mīn word ġehielt, ne biþ hē nǣfre dēad.'"

c. 992, Ælfric, "The Fifth Sunday in Lent"
Twā bismerlīcu word hīe cwǣdon tō Criste. Ān is þæt hē wǣre Samaritānisċ, ōðer þæt hē dēofol on him hæfde—þæt wē cweðaþ on Englisċ be wōdum menn, "Þū eart wōd."

They said two insulting things to Christ. One is that he was a Samaritan, the other that he was possessed by a demon—the same thing that we say in English about a crazy person, "You're crazy."

(esp. with dogs and other animals) rabid


wod

wōd (canonical masculine)
wōd (nominative singular)
wōdas (nominative plural)
wōd (accusative singular)
wōdas (accusative plural)
wōdes (genitive singular)
wōda (genitive plural)
wōde (dative singular)
wōdum (dative plural)

From Proto-Germanic *wōdaz. Derrived from adjective.


wod

first/third-person preterite singular of wadan


þes

From West Germanic, the base being *þes-, from Proto-Germanic *þat.
Cognate with Old Frisian thīs, Old High German dese, Old Norse þessi.

Forþon iċ ġeþenċan ne mæġ · ġeond þās woruld
for hwan mōdsefa(n) · mīn(ne) ġesweorce

Thus I cannot think over through this world
why would (not) my heart darken


þes

þēs (canonical)
þēs (masculine nominative singular)


linden

linden (masculine nominative singular)
lindenu (feminine nominative singular)
lindnu (feminine nominative singular)
lindeno (feminine nominative singular)
lindno (feminine nominative singular)
linden (neuter nominative singular)
lindenne (accusative masculine singular)
lindene (accusative feminine singular)
lindne (accusative feminine singular)
linden (accusative neuter singular)
lindenes (genitive masculine singular)
lindnes (genitive masculine singular)
lindenre (feminine genitive singular)
lindenes (genitive neuter singular)
lindnes (genitive neuter singular)
lindenum (dative masculine singular)
lindnum (dative masculine singular)
lindenre (dative feminine singular)
lindenum (dative neuter singular)
lindnum (dative neuter singular)
lindene (instrumental masculine singular)
lindne (instrumental masculine singular)
lindenre (feminine instrumental singular)
lindene (instrumental neuter singular)
lindne (instrumental neuter singular)
lindene (masculine nominative plural)
lindne (masculine nominative plural)
lindena (feminine nominative plural)
lindna (feminine nominative plural)
lindene (feminine nominative plural)
lindne (feminine nominative plural)
lindenu (neuter nominative plural)
lindnu (neuter nominative plural)
lindeno (neuter nominative plural)
lindno (neuter nominative plural)
lindene (accusative masculine plural)
lindne (accusative masculine plural)
lindena (accusative feminine plural)
lindna (accusative feminine plural)
lindene (accusative feminine plural)
lindne (accusative feminine plural)
lindenu (accusative neuter plural)
lindnu (accusative neuter plural)
lindeno (accusative neuter plural)
lindno (accusative neuter plural)
lindenra (genitive masculine plural)
lindenra (feminine genitive plural)
lindenra (genitive neuter plural)
lindenum (dative masculine plural)
lindnum (dative masculine plural)
lindenum (dative feminine plural)
lindnum (dative feminine plural)
lindenum (dative neuter plural)
lindnum (dative neuter plural)
lindenum (instrumental masculine plural)
lindnum (instrumental masculine plural)
lindenum (feminine instrumental plural)
lindnum (feminine instrumental plural)
lindenum (instrumental neuter plural)
lindnum (instrumental neuter plural)
lindena (masculine nominative singular)
lindna (masculine nominative singular)
lindene (feminine nominative singular)
lindne (feminine nominative singular)
lindene (neuter nominative singular)
lindne (neuter nominative singular)
lindenan (accusative masculine singular)
lindnan (accusative masculine singular)
lindenan (accusative feminine singular)
lindnan (accusative feminine singular)
lindene (accusative neuter singular)
lindne (accusative neuter singular)
lindenan (genitive masculine singular)
lindnan (genitive masculine singular)
lindenan (feminine genitive singular)
lindnan (feminine genitive singular)
lindenan (genitive neuter singular)
lindnan (genitive neuter singular)
lindenan (dative masculine singular)
lindnan (dative masculine singular)
lindenan (dative feminine singular)
lindnan (dative feminine singular)
lindenan (dative neuter singular)
lindnan (dative neuter singular)
lindenan (instrumental masculine singular)
lindnan (instrumental masculine singular)
lindenan (feminine instrumental singular)
lindnan (feminine instrumental singular)
lindenan (instrumental neuter singular)
lindnan (instrumental neuter singular)
lindenan (masculine nominative plural)
lindnan (masculine nominative plural)
lindenan (feminine nominative plural)
lindnan (feminine nominative plural)
lindenan (neuter nominative plural)
lindnan (neuter nominative plural)
lindenan (accusative masculine plural)
lindnan (accusative masculine plural)
lindenan (accusative feminine plural)
lindnan (accusative feminine plural)
lindenan (accusative neuter plural)
lindnan (accusative neuter plural)
lindenra (genitive masculine plural)
lindenena (genitive masculine plural)
lindnena (genitive masculine plural)
lindenra (feminine genitive plural)
lindenena (feminine genitive plural)
lindnena (feminine genitive plural)
lindenra (genitive neuter plural)
lindenena (genitive neuter plural)
lindnena (genitive neuter plural)
lindenum (dative masculine plural)
lindnum (dative masculine plural)
lindenum (dative feminine plural)
lindnum (dative feminine plural)
lindenum (dative neuter plural)
lindnum (dative neuter plural)
lindenum (instrumental masculine plural)
lindnum (instrumental masculine plural)
lindenum (feminine instrumental plural)
lindnum (feminine instrumental plural)
lindenum (instrumental neuter plural)
lindnum (instrumental neuter plural)

Middle English: linden

English: linden


brod

brōd (canonical feminine)
brōd (nominative singular)
brōda (nominative plural)
brōde (nominative plural)
brōde (accusative singular)
brōda (accusative plural)
brōde (accusative plural)
brōde (genitive singular)
brōda (genitive plural)
brōde (dative singular)
brōdum (dative plural)


grið

Alternative spelling of griþ (“truce, peace”)


ger

ġēr (canonical neuter)
ġēr (nominative plural)
ġēr (nominative singular)
ġēr (nominative plural)
ġēr (accusative singular)
ġēr (accusative plural)
ġēres (genitive singular)
ġēra (genitive plural)
ġēre (dative singular)
ġērum (dative plural)


teors

teorsas (nominative plural)
teors (nominative singular)
teorsas (nominative plural)
teors (accusative singular)
teorsas (accusative plural)
teorses (genitive singular)
teorsa (genitive plural)
teorse (dative singular)
teorsum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: ters, tars, tarse, tearse, terce
English: tarse
Scots: tars, ters

From Proto-West Germanic *ters (“nail; penis”).


sibbleger

sibbleġer (canonical neuter)
sibbleġer (nominative singular)
sibbleġru (nominative plural)
sibbleġer (accusative singular)
sibbleġru (accusative plural)
sibbleġres (genitive singular)
sibbleġra (genitive plural)
sibbleġre (dative singular)
sibbleġrum (dative plural)


gemana

A substantive variant of the Germanic root of ġemǣne.

Ðysse fæmnan gemanan bæd

the virgins begged for intercourse. (Codex Exoniensis)

Engla gemana


mæghæmed

mǣġhǣmed (canonical neuter)
mǣġhǣmed (nominative singular)
mǣġhǣmdu (nominative plural)
mǣġhǣmed (accusative singular)
mǣġhǣmdu (accusative plural)
mǣġhǣmdes (genitive singular)
mǣġhǣmda (genitive plural)
mǣġhǣmde (dative singular)
mǣġhǣmdum (dative plural)


hæman

hǣman (canonical)
hǣman (infinitive)
hǣmenne (infinitive)
hǣme (first-person present singular)
hǣmde (first-person past singular)
hǣmest (present second-person singular)
hǣmst (present second-person singular)
hǣmdest (past second-person singular)
hǣmeþ (present singular third-person)
hǣmþ (present singular third-person)
hǣmde (past singular third-person)
hǣmaþ (plural present)
hǣmdon (past plural)
hǣme (present singular)
hǣmde (past singular)
hǣmen (plural present)
hǣmden (past plural)
hǣm (imperative past present singular)
hǣmaþ (imperative past plural present)
hǣmende (imperative present)
hǣmed (imperative past)
ġehǣmed (imperative past)

Gif ænig man hæme mid oðres wife

if any man sleeps with another's wife. (Laws of Alfred)

to have sex with, to sleep with; to copulate


seo

sēo cwēn


seo

nominative feminine singular of sē: that (agreeing with feminine nouns)


seo

Middle English: seo, si, se, zi

nominative feminine singular of sē: she, that one


seo

sēo (canonical feminine)
sēo (nominative singular)
sēon (nominative plural)
sēon (accusative singular)
sēon (accusative plural)
sēon (genitive singular)
sēona (genitive plural)
sēon (dative singular)
sēom (dative plural)
sēoum (dative plural)

From Proto-Germanic *sehwǭ (“pupil”). Akin to Old High German seha (“pupil”).


ofn

ofn (nominative singular)
ofnas (nominative plural)
ofn (accusative singular)
ofnas (accusative plural)
ofnes (genitive singular)
ofna (genitive plural)
ofne (dative singular)
ofnum (dative plural)

Middle English: oven

Scots: ovin, uven, une

English: oven

From Proto-West Germanic *ofn, from Proto-Germanic *uhnaz.


geardagas

ġēardagas (canonical masculine plural)
ġēardagas (nominative plural)
ġēardagas (accusative plural)
ġēardaga (genitive plural)
ġēardagum (dative plural)

desc

Middle English: ȝere day, yeere day, yere day, ȝereday, ȝerday, yeerday

English: yearday

Scots: yeir day

/ˈjæ͜ɑːrˌdɑ.ɡɑs/

[ˈjæ͜ɑːrˌdɑ.ɣɑs]

From Proto-West Germanic *jāradagōs, nominative/accusative plural of Proto-West Germanic *jāradag, equivalent to ġeāra (“yore”) + dagas (“days”). Cognate with Old Norse árdagar.

An man wæs on geardagum eardiende on þam iglande þe Creta hatte.

One man in days of old lived on the island that is called Crete.


geara

Middle English: ȝeare, ȝare, ȝore, yare, yoare, yore

English: yore

Scots: ȝare, yare, ȝore, ȝoir

Unknown: perhaps ultimately the same as a genitive plural of ġēar.

siþþan ġeāra iū · goldwine mīn(n)e
hrusan heolstre biwrāh, · ond iċ hēan þonan
wōd winterċeariġ · ofer waþema ġebind,

since once, long ago, covered my goldfriend(s)
with darkness of earth, and poor I thereupon
traveled sad as winter over binding of waves,


geþyldig

ġeþyldiġ (canonical)
ġeþyldiġ (masculine nominative singular)
ġeþyldiġu (feminine nominative singular)
ġeþyldġu (feminine nominative singular)
ġeþyldiġo (feminine nominative singular)
ġeþyldġo (feminine nominative singular)
ġeþyldiġ (neuter nominative singular)
ġeþyldiġne (accusative masculine singular)
ġeþyldiġe (accusative feminine singular)
ġeþyldġe (accusative feminine singular)
ġeþyldiġ (accusative neuter singular)
ġeþyldiġes (genitive masculine singular)
ġeþyldġes (genitive masculine singular)
ġeþyldiġre (feminine genitive singular)
ġeþyldiġes (genitive neuter singular)
ġeþyldġes (genitive neuter singular)
ġeþyldiġum (dative masculine singular)
ġeþyldġum (dative masculine singular)
ġeþyldiġre (dative feminine singular)
ġeþyldiġum (dative neuter singular)
ġeþyldġum (dative neuter singular)
ġeþyldiġe (instrumental masculine singular)
ġeþyldġe (instrumental masculine singular)
ġeþyldiġre (feminine instrumental singular)
ġeþyldiġe (instrumental neuter singular)
ġeþyldġe (instrumental neuter singular)
ġeþyldiġe (masculine nominative plural)
ġeþyldġe (masculine nominative plural)
ġeþyldiġa (feminine nominative plural)
ġeþyldġa (feminine nominative plural)
ġeþyldiġe (feminine nominative plural)
ġeþyldġe (feminine nominative plural)
ġeþyldiġu (neuter nominative plural)
ġeþyldġu (neuter nominative plural)
ġeþyldiġo (neuter nominative plural)
ġeþyldġo (neuter nominative plural)
ġeþyldiġe (accusative masculine plural)
ġeþyldġe (accusative masculine plural)
ġeþyldiġa (accusative feminine plural)
ġeþyldġa (accusative feminine plural)
ġeþyldiġe (accusative feminine plural)
ġeþyldġe (accusative feminine plural)
ġeþyldiġu (accusative neuter plural)
ġeþyldġu (accusative neuter plural)
ġeþyldiġo (accusative neuter plural)
ġeþyldġo (accusative neuter plural)
ġeþyldiġra (genitive masculine plural)
ġeþyldiġra (feminine genitive plural)
ġeþyldiġra (genitive neuter plural)
ġeþyldiġum (dative masculine plural)
ġeþyldġum (dative masculine plural)
ġeþyldiġum (dative feminine plural)
ġeþyldġum (dative feminine plural)
ġeþyldiġum (dative neuter plural)
ġeþyldġum (dative neuter plural)
ġeþyldiġum (instrumental masculine plural)
ġeþyldġum (instrumental masculine plural)
ġeþyldiġum (feminine instrumental plural)
ġeþyldġum (feminine instrumental plural)
ġeþyldiġum (instrumental neuter plural)
ġeþyldġum (instrumental neuter plural)
ġeþyldiġa (masculine nominative singular)
ġeþyldġa (masculine nominative singular)
ġeþyldiġe (feminine nominative singular)
ġeþyldġe (feminine nominative singular)
ġeþyldiġe (neuter nominative singular)
ġeþyldġe (neuter nominative singular)
ġeþyldiġan (accusative masculine singular)
ġeþyldġan (accusative masculine singular)
ġeþyldiġan (accusative feminine singular)
ġeþyldġan (accusative feminine singular)
ġeþyldiġe (accusative neuter singular)
ġeþyldġe (accusative neuter singular)
ġeþyldiġan (genitive masculine singular)
ġeþyldġan (genitive masculine singular)
ġeþyldiġan (feminine genitive singular)
ġeþyldġan (feminine genitive singular)
ġeþyldiġan (genitive neuter singular)
ġeþyldġan (genitive neuter singular)
ġeþyldiġan (dative masculine singular)
ġeþyldġan (dative masculine singular)
ġeþyldiġan (dative feminine singular)
ġeþyldġan (dative feminine singular)
ġeþyldiġan (dative neuter singular)
ġeþyldġan (dative neuter singular)
ġeþyldiġan (instrumental masculine singular)
ġeþyldġan (instrumental masculine singular)
ġeþyldiġan (feminine instrumental singular)
ġeþyldġan (feminine instrumental singular)
ġeþyldiġan (instrumental neuter singular)
ġeþyldġan (instrumental neuter singular)
ġeþyldiġan (masculine nominative plural)
ġeþyldġan (masculine nominative plural)
ġeþyldiġan (feminine nominative plural)
ġeþyldġan (feminine nominative plural)
ġeþyldiġan (neuter nominative plural)
ġeþyldġan (neuter nominative plural)
ġeþyldiġan (accusative masculine plural)
ġeþyldġan (accusative masculine plural)
ġeþyldiġan (accusative feminine plural)
ġeþyldġan (accusative feminine plural)
ġeþyldiġan (accusative neuter plural)
ġeþyldġan (accusative neuter plural)
ġeþyldiġra (genitive masculine plural)
ġeþyldiġena (genitive masculine plural)
ġeþyldġena (genitive masculine plural)
ġeþyldiġra (feminine genitive plural)
ġeþyldiġena (feminine genitive plural)
ġeþyldġena (feminine genitive plural)
ġeþyldiġra (genitive neuter plural)
ġeþyldiġena (genitive neuter plural)
ġeþyldġena (genitive neuter plural)
ġeþyldiġum (dative masculine plural)
ġeþyldġum (dative masculine plural)
ġeþyldiġum (dative feminine plural)
ġeþyldġum (dative feminine plural)
ġeþyldiġum (dative neuter plural)
ġeþyldġum (dative neuter plural)
ġeþyldiġum (instrumental masculine plural)
ġeþyldġum (instrumental masculine plural)
ġeþyldiġum (feminine instrumental plural)
ġeþyldġum (feminine instrumental plural)
ġeþyldiġum (instrumental neuter plural)
ġeþyldġum (instrumental neuter plural)

From Proto-Germanic *gaþuldīgaz. Cognate with Old High German gidultig (German geduldig). Equivalent to ġeþyld + -iġ.

Lufu biþ ġeþyldegu, lufu biþ mildu.

forþon ne mæġ wearþan wīs · wer, ǣr hē āge
wintra dǣl in woruldrīċe. · Wita sċeal ġeþyldiġ.

thus a man cannot become wise, before he would own
a part of years in world-kingdom. A wise man must be patient.


logian

lōgian (canonical)
lōgian (infinitive)
lōgienne (infinitive)
lōgiġe (first-person present singular)
lōgode (first-person past singular)
lōgast (present second-person singular)
lōgodest (past second-person singular)
lōgaþ (present singular third-person)
lōgode (past singular third-person)
lōgiaþ (plural present)
lōgodon (past plural)
lōgiġe (present singular)
lōgode (past singular)
lōgiġen (plural present)
lōgoden (past plural)
lōga (imperative past present singular)
lōgiaþ (imperative past plural present)
lōgiende (imperative present)
lōgod (imperative past)
ġelōgod (imperative past)

to lodge; place; put in order; arrange; frame


dugan

dugan (infinitive)
dugenne (infinitive)
dēag (first-person present singular)
dēah (first-person present singular)
dohte (first-person past singular)
dēaht (present second-person singular)
dohtest (past second-person singular)
dēag (present singular third-person)
dēah (present singular third-person)
dohte (past singular third-person)
dugon (plural present)
dohton (past plural)
dyġe (present singular)
dohte (past singular)
dyġen (plural present)
dohten (past plural)
dyġe (imperative past present singular)
dugaþ (imperative past plural present)
dugende (imperative present)

desctree

Middle English: douen, dowen, duhen, duȝen
English: dow (obsolete)
Scots: dow

From Proto-West Germanic *dugan, from Proto-Germanic *duganą.

þonne his ellen dēah

Leech Book, Leech Book, Volume II, xxxiv.
Wiþ latre meltunge. Olisatrum hātte wyrt sēo dēah tō drincanne.
For late digestion; a wort hight olusatrum, which is good to drink.

Leech Book, Leech Book, Volume I, Fiveleaf, or Cinquefoil. III.
Wiþ ǣlces dæġes mannes tȳddernysse inneweardes, nime þonne weġbrǣdan, dō on wīn and sūp þ wōs and et þā weġbrǣdan; ðonne dēah hit wið ǣġhwylcre innancundre unhǣlo.

For every days tenderness of a man inwardly, let him take then waybread, put it in wine, and sip the juice and eat the waybread; then it is good for any inward unheal (infirmity).


cunnan

cunnan (infinitive)
cunnenne (infinitive)
cann (first-person present singular)
cūþe (first-person past singular)
canst (present second-person singular)
cūþest (past second-person singular)
cann (present singular third-person)
cūþe (past singular third-person)
cunnon (plural present)
cūþon (past plural)
cunne (present singular)
cūþe (past singular)
cunnen (plural present)
cūþen (past plural)
cunne (imperative past present singular)
cunnaþ (imperative past plural present)
cunnende (imperative present)
cunnen (imperative past)
ġecunnen (imperative past)

Middle English: cunnen, can, canne, conne, connen, cun, cunne, kanne
English: can, con, cun, could, cunning, canny
Scots: can, cun, cunning
Yola: canna, cou

From Proto-Germanic *kunnaną, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃- (“to know”).

Iċ wāt þæt hē hīe cann, ac iċ nāt hwanon.

I know that he knows her, but I don't know from where.

Iċ nime þone hring, þēah iċ þone weġ ne cunne.

I will take the ring, though I do not know the way.

Nāwiht nis hefiġre þonne līċ. Atlas self ne cann þæt ġewiht.

Nothing is heavier than a dead body. Atlas himself knows not the weight.

Ne cūðe iċ hine wel, ac iċ cūðe hine oft.

I didn't know him well, but I knew him often.

Ælfric's Coloquy
Hwylcne cræft canst þū?

c. 1005, Ælfric's Letter to Sigeweard
Hū mæġ sē mann wel faran þe his mōd āwent fram eallum þissum bōcum, and biþ him swā ānwille þæt him lēofre biþ þæt hē libbe ǣfre be his āgnum dihte āsċīred fram þissum, swelċe hē ne cunne Cristes ġesetnessa?
How can someone do well if they turn their mind from all these books [stuff that Ælfric wrote], if they're so stubborn that they would rather live their life always making their own separate judgments, as if they don't know the laws of Christ?

late 10th century, Ælfric, "Saint Basilius, Bishop"
Bide nu æt gode þæt ic grecisc cunne.

Iċ cann ēow lǣran.

Þrēo manna cynn sind: þā þe tellan cunnon and þā þe ne cunnon.

There are three kinds of people: those who know how to count and those who don't.

c. 897, Alfred the Great, translation of Pope Gregory's Pastoral Care
Hēr man mæġ ġīet ġesēon heora swaðu, ac wē him ne cunnon æfter spyrian.

Here you can still see their footprints, but we don't know how to follow them.

late 10th century, Ælfric, "Chair of Saint Peter"
...and hē lēop sona cunniġende his fēðes hwæðer hē cūðe gān.

and he leapt up immediately, trying his power of motion, whether he could walk.


mece

mēċe (canonical masculine)
mēċe (nominative singular)
mēċas (nominative plural)
mēċe (accusative singular)
mēċas (accusative plural)
mēċes (genitive singular)
mēċa (genitive plural)
mēċe (dative singular)
mēċum (dative plural)

(Anglian) (poetic) Alternative form of mǣċe


forn

From Proto-West Germanic *forn, *furn, from Proto-Germanic *furnaz, variant of *fernaz.


forn

Ġesæt Benedictus forn onġēan ðam ― Sat Benedict opposite to them (Homl. Th. ii. 168, 15)

Oþðæt he eft cume hyre forne ġēan ― until he again comes opposite to it (Bd. de nat. rerum; Wrt. popl. science 8, 13; Lchdm. iii. 248, 17)

before, in front of, opposite, across from


forn

From Proto-West Germanic *forhnu, from Proto-Germanic *furhnō (“trout”).


hatheort

hātheort (canonical)
hātheortra (comparative)
hātheort (masculine nominative singular)
hātheort (feminine nominative singular)
hātheort (neuter nominative singular)
hātheortne (accusative masculine singular)
hātheorte (accusative feminine singular)
hātheort (accusative neuter singular)
hātheortes (genitive masculine singular)
hātheortre (feminine genitive singular)
hātheortes (genitive neuter singular)
hātheortum (dative masculine singular)
hātheortre (dative feminine singular)
hātheortum (dative neuter singular)
hātheorte (instrumental masculine singular)
hātheortre (feminine instrumental singular)
hātheorte (instrumental neuter singular)
hātheorte (masculine nominative plural)
hātheorta (feminine nominative plural)
hātheorte (feminine nominative plural)
hātheort (neuter nominative plural)
hātheorte (accusative masculine plural)
hātheorta (accusative feminine plural)
hātheorte (accusative feminine plural)
hātheort (accusative neuter plural)
hātheortra (genitive masculine plural)
hātheortra (feminine genitive plural)
hātheortra (genitive neuter plural)
hātheortum (dative masculine plural)
hātheortum (dative feminine plural)
hātheortum (dative neuter plural)
hātheortum (instrumental masculine plural)
hātheortum (feminine instrumental plural)
hātheortum (instrumental neuter plural)
hātheorta (masculine nominative singular)
hātheorte (feminine nominative singular)
hātheorte (neuter nominative singular)
hātheortan (accusative masculine singular)
hātheortan (accusative feminine singular)
hātheorte (accusative neuter singular)
hātheortan (genitive masculine singular)
hātheortan (feminine genitive singular)
hātheortan (genitive neuter singular)
hātheortan (dative masculine singular)
hātheortan (dative feminine singular)
hātheortan (dative neuter singular)
hātheortan (instrumental masculine singular)
hātheortan (feminine instrumental singular)
hātheortan (instrumental neuter singular)
hātheortan (masculine nominative plural)
hātheortan (feminine nominative plural)
hātheortan (neuter nominative plural)
hātheortan (accusative masculine plural)
hātheortan (accusative feminine plural)
hātheortan (accusative neuter plural)
hātheortra (genitive masculine plural)
hātheortena (genitive masculine plural)
hātheortra (feminine genitive plural)
hātheortena (feminine genitive plural)
hātheortra (genitive neuter plural)
hātheortena (genitive neuter plural)
hātheortum (dative masculine plural)
hātheortum (dative feminine plural)
hātheortum (dative neuter plural)
hātheortum (instrumental masculine plural)
hātheortum (feminine instrumental plural)
hātheortum (instrumental neuter plural)

Ne sċeal nō tō hātheort, · ne tō hrædwyrde,
ne tō wāc wiga, · ne tō wanhȳdiġ,
ne tō forht, ne tō fæġen, · ne tō feohġīfre,
ne nǣfre ġielpes tō ġeorn, · ǣr hē ġeare cunne.

Should not be too wrathful, nor too hasty in words,
nor too weak warrior, nor too careless,
nor too fearful, nor too joyful, nor too eager for money,
nor ever too eager of pride, before he would know enough.


hatheort

hātheort (canonical neuter)
hātheort (nominative singular)
hātheort (nominative plural)
hātheort (accusative singular)
hātheort (accusative plural)
hātheortes (genitive singular)
hātheorta (genitive plural)
hātheorte (dative singular)
hātheortum (dative plural)

Middle English: hotherte (noun)

English: hot-heart (adjective)


manian

manian (infinitive)
manienne (infinitive)
maniġe (first-person present singular)
manode (first-person past singular)
manast (present second-person singular)
manodest (past second-person singular)
manaþ (present singular third-person)
manode (past singular third-person)
maniaþ (plural present)
manodon (past plural)
maniġe (present singular)
manode (past singular)
maniġen (plural present)
manoden (past plural)
mana (imperative past present singular)
maniaþ (imperative past plural present)
maniende (imperative present)
manod (imperative past)
ġemanod (imperative past)

desc

Middle English: *monien, monihen, *monen

From Proto-West Germanic *manōn, from Proto-Germanic *manōną, from Proto-Indo-European *men- (“think”). Cognate with Old Frisian monia, Old Saxon manōn (Dutch manen), Old High German manōn (German mahnen). The Indo-European root is also the source of Ancient Greek μένος (ménos), Latin mens, Welsh mynnu, Russian мнить (mnitʹ), Lithuanian minti.

to bring to mind what should be done or what should not be forgotten; to urge, to admonish


wudu

wudu (nominative singular)
wuda (nominative plural)
wudu (accusative singular)
wuda (accusative plural)
wuda (genitive singular)
wuda (genitive plural)
wuda (dative singular)
wudum (dative plural)

Middle English: wude, wode

English: wood

Scots: wude, wuid

Dissimilated from earlier widu, from Proto-Germanic *widuz, from Proto-Indo-European *widʰu- (“tree, beam”).
Cognate with Old Saxon widu, Old High German witu, Old Norse viðr. The Indo-European root is also the source of Old Irish fid, Welsh gwŷdd.


bende

first-person singular present/preterite indicative

third-person singular preterite indicative

inflection of bendan:
singular present/preterite subjunctive


mæl

mǣl (canonical neuter)
mǣl (nominative singular)
mǣl (nominative plural)
mǣl (accusative singular)
mǣl (accusative plural)
mǣles (genitive singular)
mǣla (genitive plural)
mǣle (dative singular)
mǣlum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: mel, mele, melle, mal, male, meyle (chiefly Northern), mæl, mæle, meal (Early Middle English)
English: meal
Scots: meal
Yola: meale, mele
→ Irish: béile

From Proto-West Germanic *māl, from Proto-Germanic *mēlą, from Proto-Indo-European *meh₁- (“to measure”).
Cognate with Old Frisian mēl (West Frisian miel), Old Saxon -māl, Dutch maal, Old High German māl (German Mal (“time”), Mahl (“meal”)), Old Norse mál (Danish and Swedish mål), Gothic 𐌼𐌴𐌻 (mēl, “time, hour”). The Indo-European root is also the source of Ancient Greek μέτρον (métron), Latin mensus, Russian ме́ра (méra), Lithuanian mẽtas.

der

mǣltange

Do wines þrie mel on

pour on three measures of wine. (Leechbook)

Her oþiewde read Cristes mæl on hefenum æfter sunnan setlgonge

In this year a red sign of Christ appeared in the heavens after sunset. (AS Chronicle)

mǣlċearu

mǣldæġ

mǣlġesceaft

Mæl is me to feran.

It is time for me to go. (Beowulf, l. 316)

He gereordade æt anum mæle fif þusend manna

He fed at one meal five thousand men. (Wulfstan)


eala

Perhaps from a compound whose elements answer to ēa (“oh!, ah!”) + lā (“lo”). Compare Old Frisian ēala (“hail!, hello!”).

Ēalā frēond, hwȳ eart þū swā sċēoh?

late 9th century, translation of Bede's Ecclesiastical History
Ēalā brōðor Eċġberht, ēalā, hwæt dydest þū?

Oh brother Egbert, oh, what have you done?


eala

Middle English: halloo, halow

English: hallo, hello

c. 897, King Alfred's translation of Pope Gregory's Pastoral Care
Ēalā wǣre hē āwðer oþþe hāt oþþe ċeald.


bihreosan

bihrēosan (canonical)
bihrēosan (infinitive)
bihrēosenne (infinitive)
bihrēose (first-person present singular)
bihrēas (first-person past singular)
bihrīest (present second-person singular)
bihrure (past second-person singular)
bihrīest (present singular third-person)
bihrēas (past singular third-person)
bihrēosaþ (plural present)
bihruron (past plural)
bihrēose (present singular)
bihrure (past singular)
bihrēosen (plural present)
bihruren (past plural)
bihrēos (imperative past present singular)
bihrēosaþ (imperative past plural present)
bihrēosende (imperative present)
bihroren (imperative past)


gehygd

ġehyġd (canonical neuter)
ġehyġd (nominative singular)
ġehyġde (nominative plural)
ġehyġda (nominative plural)
ġehyġd (accusative singular)
ġehyġde (accusative singular)
ġehyġde (accusative plural)
ġehyġda (accusative plural)
ġehyġde (genitive singular)
ġehyġda (genitive plural)
ġehyġde (dative singular)
ġehyġdum (dative plural)

From Proto-Germanic *gahugdiz. Cognate with Gothic 𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌿𐌲𐌳𐍃 (gahugds). Equivalent to ġe- + hyġd, from hyċġan.

Ðu ana canst ealra gehygdo

Beorn sċeal ġebīdan, · þonne hē bēot spriceð,
oþþæt collenferð · cunne ġearwe
hwider hreþra ġehyġd · hweorfan wille.

Man must pause when he tells a promise
until bold spirit would know clearly
where thought of hearts would turn.


hydan

hȳdan (canonical)
hȳdan (infinitive)
hȳdenne (infinitive)
hȳde (first-person present singular)
hȳdde (first-person past singular)
hȳdest (present second-person singular)
hȳtst (present second-person singular)
hȳddest (past second-person singular)
hȳdeþ (present singular third-person)
hȳtt (present singular third-person)
hȳt (present singular third-person)
hȳdde (past singular third-person)
hȳdaþ (plural present)
hȳddon (past plural)
hȳde (present singular)
hȳdde (past singular)
hȳden (plural present)
hȳdden (past plural)
hȳd (imperative past present singular)
hȳdaþ (imperative past plural present)
hȳdende (imperative present)
hȳded (imperative past)
ġehȳded (imperative past)

Middle English: huden, hyden, hiden
English: hide
Scots: hide, hyde

From Proto-West Germanic *hūdijan. Cognate with Old Frisian hēda, Middle Dutch huden. Also related to Welsh cudd, Latin custōs, and Ancient Greek κεύθω (keúthō).


þrag

head

þrāg f (nominative plural þrāge or þrāga)

þrāg (canonical feminine)
þrāge (nominative plural)
þrāga (nominative plural)

desc

Middle English: þraȝe, þraȝhe, þroȝe, thrawe, throwe

English: throw

Unknown; not represented in any cognate languages. The form implies a Proto-Germanic *þrēg-, whence also Proto-Germanic *þrag- (compare Old English þræġan (“to run, proceed in a course”), Gothic 𐌸𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽 (þragjan, “to run”)). If so, then from Proto-Indo-European *tregʰ-, a variant of *dʰregʰ- (“to run”). Compare also Old Norse þræll (“serf, slave”, literally “gofer, runner”). See English thrall.

cog

He þrage mid us wunode


lind

linde (nominative plural)
lind (nominative singular)
linda (nominative plural)
linde (nominative plural)
linde (accusative singular)
linda (accusative plural)
linde (accusative plural)
linde (genitive singular)
linda (genitive plural)
linde (dative singular)
lindum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: lynde, lynd, linde, lind, lyne, lyn
English: lind, lime
Scots: lind, lynde, leind

From Proto-West Germanic *lindu, from Proto-Germanic *lindō.


stele

first-person singular present indicative of stelan


hel

hel (nominative singular)
hela (nominative plural)
hele (nominative plural)
hele (accusative singular)
hela (accusative plural)
hele (accusative plural)
hele (genitive singular)
hela (genitive plural)
hele (dative singular)
helum (dative plural)


hriþ

From Proto-Germanic *hrīþō (“sudden attack; seizure; fit; storm”). Cognate with Old Norse hríð.

der

Hrið hreosende hrusan bindeð.


hriþ

From Proto-Germanic *hriþiz. Cognate with Old High German rito. Perhaps ultimately from the same source as Welsh cryd.


hriþ

head

hrīþ n (nominative plural hrīþeru or hrīþera)

hrīþ (canonical neuter)
hrīþeru (nominative plural)
hrīþera (nominative plural)

From Proto-Germanic *hrinþaz. Cognate with Old High German hrind, rind.


-st

drīfan (“to drive”) + -st → drīfst (“you/thou drive”)

Used to form the second person singular present indicative of strong verbs and certain Class I weak verbs


spor

sporu (nominative plural)
spor (nominative singular)
sporu (nominative plural)
spor (accusative singular)
sporu (accusative plural)
spores (genitive singular)
spora (genitive plural)
spore (dative singular)
sporum (dative plural)

Middle English: spore, spurre

From Proto-Germanic *spurą. Cognate with Old Frisian *spor, Old Saxon spor, Old Dutch spor, Old High German spor, Old Norse spor.


sceat

sċēat (canonical masculine)
sċēat (nominative singular)
sċēatas (nominative plural)
sċēat (accusative singular)
sċēatas (accusative plural)
sċēates (genitive singular)
sċēata (genitive plural)
sċēate (dative singular)
sċēatum (dative plural)

English: Sheet

From Proto-Germanic *skautaz. Cognate with Old Frisian skat, Middle Dutch scoot (Dutch schoot), Old High German scōz (German Schoß), Old Norse skaut (Danish skød), Gothic 𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍄𐌰 (skauta).

Min modsefa || mid mereflode
ofer hwæles eþel || hweorfeð wide,
eorþan sceatas, || cymeð eft to me

My spirit, amid sea-flood,
over the whale's estate, wanders far
[to] the corners of the Earth, then comes [back] to me
wanting and unsatisfied ...


þegen

þeġen (canonical masculine)
þeġen (nominative singular)
þeġnas (nominative plural)
þeġen (accusative singular)
þeġnas (accusative plural)
þeġnes (genitive singular)
þeġna (genitive plural)
þeġne (dative singular)
þeġnum (dative plural)


oroþ

oroþ (nominative singular)
oroþu (nominative plural)
oroþ (accusative singular)
oroþu (accusative plural)
oroþes (genitive singular)
oroþa (genitive plural)
oroþe (dative singular)
oroþum (dative plural)

Middle English: orth, orð

From Proto-West Germanic *uʀanþ, from Proto-Germanic *uzanþą, a compound of Proto-Germanic *uz (“out”) + *anþą (“breath”). The latter word is from Proto-Indo-European *h₂enh₁-. Germanic cognates include Old Frisian omma, Old Norse ǫnd, andi (Swedish ande).


broc

brōc (canonical feminine)
brōc (nominative singular)
brēċ (nominative plural)
brōc (accusative singular)
brēċ (accusative plural)
brēċ (genitive singular)
brōce (genitive singular)
brōca (genitive plural)
brēċ (dative singular)
brōcum (dative plural)

desc

Middle English: brek, breke, brech, breche, breech (all from the plural)

English: breech, breeches, britches


broc

brōc (canonical masculine)
brōc (nominative singular)
brōcas (nominative plural)
brōc (accusative singular)
brōcas (accusative plural)
brōces (genitive singular)
brōca (genitive plural)
brōce (dative singular)
brōcum (dative plural)

Middle English: brook

English: brook

Scots: broke, bruke

From Proto-West Germanic *brōk (etymology 2).


broc

brōc (canonical)
brōc (nominative singular)
brōcu (nominative plural)
brōc (accusative singular)
brōcu (accusative plural)
brōces (genitive singular)
brōca (genitive plural)
brōce (dative singular)
brōcum (dative plural)


bifian

bifian (infinitive)
bifienne (infinitive)
bifiġe (first-person present singular)
bifode (first-person past singular)
bifast (present second-person singular)
bifodest (past second-person singular)
bifaþ (present singular third-person)
bifode (past singular third-person)
bifiaþ (plural present)
bifodon (past plural)
bifiġe (present singular)
bifode (past singular)
bifiġen (plural present)
bifoden (past plural)
bifa (imperative past present singular)
bifiaþ (imperative past plural present)
bifiende (imperative present)
bifod (imperative past)
ġebifod (imperative past)

desctree

Middle English: bivien, beovien
English: bive

⇒ Middle English: biveren, bevere, beveren
English: bever, bibber (Irish)
Scots: bever, baiver, baver, bevver
Yola: bebber

c. 992, Ælfric, "Likewise of Saint Peter"
Hēo fēoll bifiġendu tō þæs Hǣlendes fōtum.

c. 990, Wessex Gospels, Matthew 27:51

The curtain of the temple was torn in half from top to bottom, and the earth shook, and rocks split open.

Þæs temples wāgrift wearþ tōsliten on twēġen dǣlas fram ufeweardum oþ niðeweard, and sēo eorðe bifode, and stānas tōburston.


þennan

þennan (infinitive)
þennenne (infinitive)
þenne (first-person present singular)
þenede (first-person past singular)
þenest (present second-person singular)
þenedest (past second-person singular)
þeneþ (present singular third-person)
þenede (past singular third-person)
þennaþ (plural present)
þenedon (past plural)
þenne (present singular)
þenede (past singular)
þennen (plural present)
þeneden (past plural)
þene (imperative past present singular)
þennaþ (imperative past plural present)
þennende (imperative present)
þened (imperative past)
ġeþened (imperative past)

From Proto-Germanic *þanjaną, from Proto-Indo-European *ten- (“to stretch”).
Germanic cognates: Old Saxon þennian, Old High German dennen (German dehnen), Old Norse þenja (Norwegian tenja).
Indo-European cognates: Sanskrit तनोति (tanóti), Greek τείνω (teíno), Latin teneō, tendō, Welsh tant (“string of a musical instrument”), Breton ardant, Russian тенёто (tenjóto), Lithuanian tìnti.

cog

Ðænne ðone swiðran earm swa he swiþast mæge

Let him stretch out his right arm as hard as he can.

to stretch, stretch out; spread out; extend

to exert oneself; make an effort; strain


bannan

bannan (infinitive)
bannenne (infinitive)
banne (first-person present singular)
bēonn (first-person past singular)
bēon (first-person past singular)
benst (present second-person singular)
bēonne (past second-person singular)
bēone (past second-person singular)
benþ (present singular third-person)
bēonn (past singular third-person)
bēon (past singular third-person)
bannaþ (plural present)
bēonnon (past plural)
bēonon (past plural)
banne (present singular)
bēonne (past singular)
bēone (past singular)
bannen (plural present)
bēonnen (past plural)
bēonen (past plural)
bann (imperative past present singular)
bannaþ (imperative past plural present)
bannende (imperative present)
bannen (imperative past)
ġebannen (imperative past)

Middle English: bannen, bonnen

English: ban

Scots: ban

From Proto-West Germanic *bannan, from Proto-Germanic *bannaną (“curse, forbid”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂- (“say”).

inh

Lēode tōsomne bannan

to summon the people together (Legend of St Andrew)


bædan

bǣdan (canonical)
bǣdan (infinitive)
bǣdenne (infinitive)
bǣde (first-person present singular)
bǣdde (first-person past singular)
bǣdest (present second-person singular)
bǣtst (present second-person singular)
bǣddest (past second-person singular)
bǣdeþ (present singular third-person)
bǣtt (present singular third-person)
bǣt (present singular third-person)
bǣdde (past singular third-person)
bǣdaþ (plural present)
bǣddon (past plural)
bǣde (present singular)
bǣdde (past singular)
bǣden (plural present)
bǣdden (past plural)
bǣd (imperative past present singular)
bǣdaþ (imperative past plural present)
bǣdende (imperative present)
bǣded (imperative past)
ġebǣded (imperative past)

From Proto-West Germanic *baidijan, from Proto-Germanic *baidijaną (“to constrain, cause to stay”), causative of *bīdaną (“to wait, guard”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeydʰ- (“persuade, agree”). Cognate with Old Saxon bēdian (“to demand”), Old High German beitōn (“to pressure, demand”), Old Norse beiða (“demand, long for”), Gothic 𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 (baidjan, “to constrain”). More at bide.
Indo-European cognates: Ancient Greek πείθω (peíthō), Latin fidere, Proto-Slavic *běda (“adversity, misery”), Albanian bint.

cog

Ðæs his lufu bædeþ ― whom his love constrains.

to constrain, incite, compel, urge; to demand


bædan

Of unknown origin. Possibly a ghost word.

unk

unknown


drincan

drincan (infinitive)
drincenne (infinitive)
drince (first-person present singular)
dranc (first-person past singular)
drincst (present second-person singular)
drunce (past second-person singular)
drincþ (present singular third-person)
dranc (past singular third-person)
drincaþ (plural present)
druncon (past plural)
drince (present singular)
drunce (past singular)
drincen (plural present)
druncen (past plural)
drinc (imperative past present singular)
drincaþ (imperative past plural present)
drincende (imperative present)
druncen (imperative past)
ġedruncen (imperative past)

desctree

Middle English: drinken, drynken
English: drink (see there for further descendants)
Scots: drink
Yola: drink

From Proto-West Germanic *drinkan, from Proto-Germanic *drinkaną.

Leech Book, Leech Book, Volume II, xxxiv.
Wiþ latre meltunge. Olisatrum hātte wyrt sēo dēah tō drincanne.
For late digestion; a wort hight olusatrum, which is good to drink.

Leech Book, Leech Book, Volume II, xxxiii.
Rǣd bið ġif hē nimð mealan mid hire cīþum, sēoþe on wætere, sele drincan.

It is advisable if he taketh mallow with its sprouts; let him seethe them in water, give this to be drunk


esta

genitive/nominative/accusative plural of ēst


broþor

brōþor (canonical masculine)
brōþor (nominative singular)
brōþor (nominative plural)
ġebrōþor (nominative plural)
brōþra (nominative plural)
ġebrōþra (nominative plural)
brōþru (nominative plural)
ġebrōþru (nominative plural)
brōþor (accusative singular)
brōþor (accusative plural)
ġebrōþor (accusative plural)
brōþra (accusative plural)
ġebrōþra (accusative plural)
brōþru (accusative plural)
ġebrōþru (accusative plural)
brōþor (genitive singular)
brōþra (genitive plural)
ġebrōþra (genitive plural)
brēþer (dative singular)
brōþrum (dative plural)
ġebrōþrum (dative plural)

Middle English: brother
English: brother (see there for further descendants)
Scots: brither, bruther, broder, bruder
Yola: brover, brower

Mīn brōþor hæfþ twēġen cattas.

late 10th century, Ælfric, "Saint Maur, Abbot"
Þā ġecwæð sē abbod and ealle þā ġebrōðra þæt þēr ne mihte nā mā muneca wunian...

Then said the abbot and all the brothers, that no more monks could dwell there...


eowu

eowu (nominative singular)
eowa (nominative plural)
eowe (nominative plural)
eowe (accusative singular)
eowa (accusative plural)
eowe (accusative plural)
eowe (genitive singular)
eowa (genitive plural)
eowe (dative singular)
eowum (dative plural)

Middle English: ewe, awe, eu, ouwe, yeue, yowe
English: ewe
Scots: yowe, yhow
Yola: yowe

From Proto-West Germanic *awi, from Proto-Germanic *awiz.
* Germanic cognates: Old Frisian ei, Old Saxon ewwi, Old High German ouwi (German Aue), Old Norse ær, Gothic 𐌰𐍅𐌴𐌸𐌹 (awēþi, “flock of sheep”).
* Indo-European cognates: Luwian 𒄩𒀀𒌑𒄿𒅖 (/ḫāwīs/), Latin ovis, Ancient Greek ὄϊς (óïs), Old Church Slavonic овьца (ovĭca) (Russian овца́ (ovcá)), Old Irish ói, Lithuanian avìs, Tocharian B awi.

Þā eowe man āsyndrede fram heora lambrum, and hīe belifon æt þām tūne, þǣr hīe ġemolcena wurdon.

The ewes were separated from their lambs, and they remained at the farm, where they were milked.


fæder

fæder (nominative singular)
fæderas (nominative plural)
fæder (accusative singular)
fæderas (accusative plural)
fæder (genitive singular)
fæderes (genitive singular)
fædera (genitive plural)
fæder (dative singular)
fædere (dative singular)
fæderum (dative plural)

Middle English: fader, fæder, faderr, fadir, fadyr, fadur, feder, vader, veder, faðer, father, ffader
English: father
→ Marshallese: bata
Gullah: farruh
Scots: faither, fader, faether, faider, father, fither
Yola: vather

→ English: faeder

From Proto-West Germanic *fader, from Proto-Germanic *fadēr, from Proto-Indo-European *ph₂tḗr.
Old Germanic cognates: Old Frisian feder, Old Saxon fadar, Old Dutch fader, Old High German fater, Old Norse faðir, Gothic 𐍆𐌰𐌳𐌰𐍂 (fadar).


modor

mōdor (canonical feminine)
mōdor (nominative singular)
mōdra (nominative plural)
mōdru (nominative plural)
mōdor (accusative singular)
mōdra (accusative plural)
mōdru (accusative plural)
mōdor (genitive singular)
mēder (genitive singular)
mōdra (genitive plural)
mēder (dative singular)
mōdrum (dative plural)

Middle English: moder
English: mother, mither (Scotland and Northern England)
Australian Kriol: motha
→ Japanese: マザー (mazā)
→ Korean: 마더 (madeo)
Scots: mither, medder, midder, moder, moeder (Shetland), mideer, mother
Yola: moodher, moother, moothar

From Proto-West Germanic *mōder, from Proto-Germanic *mōdēr, from Proto-Indo-European *méh₂tēr. Cognate with Old Frisian mōder, Old Saxon mōdar, Old Dutch muoder, Old High German muoter, Old Norse móðir.


meolc

meolc (nominative singular)
meolce (nominative plural)
meolca (nominative plural)
meolc (accusative singular)
meolce (accusative singular)
meolce (accusative plural)
meolca (accusative plural)
meolce (genitive singular)
meolca (genitive plural)
meolce (dative singular)
meolcum (dative plural)

Middle English: milk, milke, milc, melke, melc (chiefly Kent & Southern West), mulk, mulc (chiefly Southern & Southern West)
English: milk
Scots: milk, melk, mylk
Yola: mulk

From Proto-West Germanic *meluk, from Proto-Germanic *meluks, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂melǵ-. See there for cognates.


nefa

nefa (nominative singular)
nefan (nominative plural)
nefan (accusative singular)
nefan (accusative plural)
nefan (genitive singular)
nefena (genitive plural)
nefan (dative singular)
nefum (dative plural)

Middle English: neve, neave, neva, nefa, newe, neafe, nefe
English: neve

From Proto-West Germanic *nefō, from Proto-Germanic *nefô, from Proto-Indo-European *népōts.
Cognate with Old Frisian neva, Old Saxon nevo (German Low German Neev), Old High German nevo (German Neffe), Old Norse nefi; also Avestan 𐬥𐬀𐬞𐬁𐬝 (napāt̰), Latin nepōs, Old Irish nia, Welsh nai, Proto-Slavic *netьjь (Slovene nečak.


sugu

sugu (nominative singular)
suga (nominative plural)
suge (nominative plural)
suge (accusative singular)
suga (accusative plural)
suge (accusative plural)
suge (genitive singular)
suga (genitive plural)
suge (dative singular)
sugum (dative plural)

Middle English: sowe

English: sow

Scots: sou


leah

lēah (canonical masculine)
lēas (nominative plural)
lēah (nominative singular)
lēas (nominative plural)
lēah (accusative singular)
lēas (accusative plural)
lēas (genitive singular)
lēana (genitive plural)
lēa (dative singular)
lēam (dative plural)
lēaum (dative plural)
lēah (nominative singular)
lēa (nominative plural)
lēa (accusative singular)
lēa (accusative plural)
lēa (genitive singular)
lēana (genitive plural)
lēa (dative singular)
lēam (dative plural)
lēaum (dative plural)

Middle English: leye, ley, legh, lege, liegh
English: leigh, lea
Scots: le, ley, lei
>? Yola: kotlieough, cotleough

From Proto-West Germanic *lauh, from Proto-Germanic *lauhaz, from Proto-Indo-European *lówkos (“clearing”), derived from *lewk- (“bright”).
The use of the word meaning "meadow" is a later development of the word, possibly aided by confusion between lēas (plural of the original meaning of lēah) with lǣs.


leah

lēah (canonical feminine)
lēah (nominative singular)
lēaga (nominative plural)
lēage (nominative plural)
lēage (accusative singular)
lēaga (accusative plural)
lēage (accusative plural)
lēage (genitive singular)
lēaga (genitive plural)
lēage (dative singular)
lēagum (dative plural)


eare

ēare (canonical neuter)
ēaran (nominative plural)
ēare (nominative singular)
ēaran (nominative plural)
ēare (accusative singular)
ēaran (accusative plural)
ēaran (genitive singular)
ēarena (genitive plural)
ēaran (dative singular)
ēarum (dative plural)

Middle English: ere, eare, eere, eyr, ȝhere, here, ire, yere
English: ear
Tok Pisin: ia
Scots: ear

From Proto-West Germanic *auʀā, from the voiced Verner alternant of Proto-Germanic *ausô, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ows-.
Cognate with Old Frisian āre, Old Saxon ōra, Old Dutch ōra, Old High German ōra, Old Norse eyra, Gothic 𐌰𐌿𐍃𐍉 (ausō).


geoc

ġeoc (canonical neuter)
ġeocu (nominative plural)
ġeoc (nominative singular)
ġeocu (nominative plural)
ġeoc (accusative singular)
ġeocu (accusative plural)
ġeoces (genitive singular)
ġeoca (genitive plural)
ġeoce (dative singular)
ġeocum (dative plural)

Middle English: yok, ȝocke, ȝok, ȝoke, ȝook, ȝoocke, jok, yoke, yokke, ȝeoce, ȝocc, iuc (Early Middle English)
English: yoke (obsolete yock)
Middle Scots: ȝok, ȝoke, ȝock, ȝocke, yok, yoke
Scots: yoke, yock

From Proto-Germanic *juką, from Proto-Indo-European *yugóm.


geoc

ġēoc (canonical feminine)
ġēoc (nominative singular)
ġēoca (nominative plural)
ġēoce (nominative plural)
ġēoce (accusative singular)
ġēoca (accusative plural)
ġēoce (accusative plural)
ġēoce (genitive singular)
ġēoca (genitive plural)
ġēoce (dative singular)
ġēocum (dative plural)

Frōfre ne wēne, þæt mē ġēoc cyme gūðġewinnes, ǣr iċ mid yldum eal forweorðe…

I don't expect any consolation that I'll get help of warbattle before I would be completely perished with men…


wynful

wynful (masculine nominative singular)
wynful (feminine nominative singular)
wynful (neuter nominative singular)
wynfulne (accusative masculine singular)
wynfulle (accusative feminine singular)
wynful (accusative neuter singular)
wynfulles (genitive masculine singular)
wynfulre (feminine genitive singular)
wynfulles (genitive neuter singular)
wynfullum (dative masculine singular)
wynfulre (dative feminine singular)
wynfullum (dative neuter singular)
wynfulle (instrumental masculine singular)
wynfulre (feminine instrumental singular)
wynfulle (instrumental neuter singular)
wynfulle (masculine nominative plural)
wynfulla (feminine nominative plural)
wynfulle (feminine nominative plural)
wynful (neuter nominative plural)
wynfulle (accusative masculine plural)
wynfulla (accusative feminine plural)
wynfulle (accusative feminine plural)
wynful (accusative neuter plural)
wynfulra (genitive masculine plural)
wynfulra (feminine genitive plural)
wynfulra (genitive neuter plural)
wynfullum (dative masculine plural)
wynfullum (dative feminine plural)
wynfullum (dative neuter plural)
wynfullum (instrumental masculine plural)
wynfullum (feminine instrumental plural)
wynfullum (instrumental neuter plural)
wynfulla (masculine nominative singular)
wynfulle (feminine nominative singular)
wynfulle (neuter nominative singular)
wynfullan (accusative masculine singular)
wynfullan (accusative feminine singular)
wynfulle (accusative neuter singular)
wynfullan (genitive masculine singular)
wynfullan (feminine genitive singular)
wynfullan (genitive neuter singular)
wynfullan (dative masculine singular)
wynfullan (dative feminine singular)
wynfullan (dative neuter singular)
wynfullan (instrumental masculine singular)
wynfullan (feminine instrumental singular)
wynfullan (instrumental neuter singular)
wynfullan (masculine nominative plural)
wynfullan (feminine nominative plural)
wynfullan (neuter nominative plural)
wynfullan (accusative masculine plural)
wynfullan (accusative feminine plural)
wynfullan (accusative neuter plural)
wynfulra (genitive masculine plural)
wynfullena (genitive masculine plural)
wynfulra (feminine genitive plural)
wynfullena (feminine genitive plural)
wynfulra (genitive neuter plural)
wynfullena (genitive neuter plural)
wynfullum (dative masculine plural)
wynfullum (dative feminine plural)
wynfullum (dative neuter plural)
wynfullum (instrumental masculine plural)
wynfullum (feminine instrumental plural)
wynfullum (instrumental neuter plural)


eadig

ēadiġ (canonical)
ēadġest (superlative)
ēadiġ (masculine nominative singular)
ēadiġu (feminine nominative singular)
ēadġu (feminine nominative singular)
ēadiġo (feminine nominative singular)
ēadġo (feminine nominative singular)
ēadiġ (neuter nominative singular)
ēadiġne (accusative masculine singular)
ēadiġe (accusative feminine singular)
ēadġe (accusative feminine singular)
ēadiġ (accusative neuter singular)
ēadiġes (genitive masculine singular)
ēadġes (genitive masculine singular)
ēadiġre (feminine genitive singular)
ēadiġes (genitive neuter singular)
ēadġes (genitive neuter singular)
ēadiġum (dative masculine singular)
ēadġum (dative masculine singular)
ēadiġre (dative feminine singular)
ēadiġum (dative neuter singular)
ēadġum (dative neuter singular)
ēadiġe (instrumental masculine singular)
ēadġe (instrumental masculine singular)
ēadiġre (feminine instrumental singular)
ēadiġe (instrumental neuter singular)
ēadġe (instrumental neuter singular)
ēadiġe (masculine nominative plural)
ēadġe (masculine nominative plural)
ēadiġa (feminine nominative plural)
ēadġa (feminine nominative plural)
ēadiġe (feminine nominative plural)
ēadġe (feminine nominative plural)
ēadiġu (neuter nominative plural)
ēadġu (neuter nominative plural)
ēadiġo (neuter nominative plural)
ēadġo (neuter nominative plural)
ēadiġe (accusative masculine plural)
ēadġe (accusative masculine plural)
ēadiġa (accusative feminine plural)
ēadġa (accusative feminine plural)
ēadiġe (accusative feminine plural)
ēadġe (accusative feminine plural)
ēadiġu (accusative neuter plural)
ēadġu (accusative neuter plural)
ēadiġo (accusative neuter plural)
ēadġo (accusative neuter plural)
ēadiġra (genitive masculine plural)
ēadiġra (feminine genitive plural)
ēadiġra (genitive neuter plural)
ēadiġum (dative masculine plural)
ēadġum (dative masculine plural)
ēadiġum (dative feminine plural)
ēadġum (dative feminine plural)
ēadiġum (dative neuter plural)
ēadġum (dative neuter plural)
ēadiġum (instrumental masculine plural)
ēadġum (instrumental masculine plural)
ēadiġum (feminine instrumental plural)
ēadġum (feminine instrumental plural)
ēadiġum (instrumental neuter plural)
ēadġum (instrumental neuter plural)
ēadiġa (masculine nominative singular)
ēadġa (masculine nominative singular)
ēadiġe (feminine nominative singular)
ēadġe (feminine nominative singular)
ēadiġe (neuter nominative singular)
ēadġe (neuter nominative singular)
ēadiġan (accusative masculine singular)
ēadġan (accusative masculine singular)
ēadiġan (accusative feminine singular)
ēadġan (accusative feminine singular)
ēadiġe (accusative neuter singular)
ēadġe (accusative neuter singular)
ēadiġan (genitive masculine singular)
ēadġan (genitive masculine singular)
ēadiġan (feminine genitive singular)
ēadġan (feminine genitive singular)
ēadiġan (genitive neuter singular)
ēadġan (genitive neuter singular)
ēadiġan (dative masculine singular)
ēadġan (dative masculine singular)
ēadiġan (dative feminine singular)
ēadġan (dative feminine singular)
ēadiġan (dative neuter singular)
ēadġan (dative neuter singular)
ēadiġan (instrumental masculine singular)
ēadġan (instrumental masculine singular)
ēadiġan (feminine instrumental singular)
ēadġan (feminine instrumental singular)
ēadiġan (instrumental neuter singular)
ēadġan (instrumental neuter singular)
ēadiġan (masculine nominative plural)
ēadġan (masculine nominative plural)
ēadiġan (feminine nominative plural)
ēadġan (feminine nominative plural)
ēadiġan (neuter nominative plural)
ēadġan (neuter nominative plural)
ēadiġan (accusative masculine plural)
ēadġan (accusative masculine plural)
ēadiġan (accusative feminine plural)
ēadġan (accusative feminine plural)
ēadiġan (accusative neuter plural)
ēadġan (accusative neuter plural)
ēadiġra (genitive masculine plural)
ēadiġena (genitive masculine plural)
ēadġena (genitive masculine plural)
ēadiġra (feminine genitive plural)
ēadiġena (feminine genitive plural)
ēadġena (feminine genitive plural)
ēadiġra (genitive neuter plural)
ēadiġena (genitive neuter plural)
ēadġena (genitive neuter plural)
ēadiġum (dative masculine plural)
ēadġum (dative masculine plural)
ēadiġum (dative feminine plural)
ēadġum (dative feminine plural)
ēadiġum (dative neuter plural)
ēadġum (dative neuter plural)
ēadiġum (instrumental masculine plural)
ēadġum (instrumental masculine plural)
ēadiġum (feminine instrumental plural)
ēadġum (feminine instrumental plural)
ēadiġum (instrumental neuter plural)
ēadġum (instrumental neuter plural)

From Proto-Germanic *audagaz; equivalent to ēad + -iġ.

late 10th century, Ælfric, Lives of Saints
Iob, sē ēadiġa and sē ānrǣda godes þeġn, wæs swa fulfremed on eallum gōdnyssum þæt god sylf cwæþ bē him þæt his ġelīċa nǣre þā on þām līfe ofer eorþan.

Job, the prosperous and unwavering servant of god, was so perfect in all his good deeds that God Himself said that there was no one like him living on Earth.

To ðissum eadigan ham ― to this happy home. (Cædmon)


melu

Middle English: mele, meale, meele, melow
English: meal
Scots: meil, mele
Yola: mele, mell

From Proto-Germanic *melwą, from Proto-Indo-European *melh₂- (“grind”).

meal, the edible part of a grain or pulse


bliþe

ang-adj

blīþe (comparative blīþra, superlative blīþost)

blīþe (canonical)
blīþra (comparative)
blīþost (superlative)
blīþe (masculine nominative singular)
blīþu (feminine nominative singular)
blīþo (feminine nominative singular)
blīþe (neuter nominative singular)
blīþne (accusative masculine singular)
blīþe (accusative feminine singular)
blīþe (accusative neuter singular)
blīþes (genitive masculine singular)
blīþre (feminine genitive singular)
blīþes (genitive neuter singular)
blīþum (dative masculine singular)
blīþre (dative feminine singular)
blīþum (dative neuter singular)
blīþe (instrumental masculine singular)
blīþre (feminine instrumental singular)
blīþe (instrumental neuter singular)
blīþe (masculine nominative plural)
blīþa (feminine nominative plural)
blīþe (feminine nominative plural)
blīþu (neuter nominative plural)
blīþo (neuter nominative plural)
blīþe (accusative masculine plural)
blīþa (accusative feminine plural)
blīþe (accusative feminine plural)
blīþu (accusative neuter plural)
blīþo (accusative neuter plural)
blīþra (genitive masculine plural)
blīþra (feminine genitive plural)
blīþra (genitive neuter plural)
blīþum (dative masculine plural)
blīþum (dative feminine plural)
blīþum (dative neuter plural)
blīþum (instrumental masculine plural)
blīþum (feminine instrumental plural)
blīþum (instrumental neuter plural)
blīþa (masculine nominative singular)
blīþe (feminine nominative singular)
blīþe (neuter nominative singular)
blīþan (accusative masculine singular)
blīþan (accusative feminine singular)
blīþe (accusative neuter singular)
blīþan (genitive masculine singular)
blīþan (feminine genitive singular)
blīþan (genitive neuter singular)
blīþan (dative masculine singular)
blīþan (dative feminine singular)
blīþan (dative neuter singular)
blīþan (instrumental masculine singular)
blīþan (feminine instrumental singular)
blīþan (instrumental neuter singular)
blīþan (masculine nominative plural)
blīþan (feminine nominative plural)
blīþan (neuter nominative plural)
blīþan (accusative masculine plural)
blīþan (accusative feminine plural)
blīþan (accusative neuter plural)
blīþra (genitive masculine plural)
blīþena (genitive masculine plural)
blīþra (feminine genitive plural)
blīþena (feminine genitive plural)
blīþra (genitive neuter plural)
blīþena (genitive neuter plural)
blīþum (dative masculine plural)
blīþum (dative feminine plural)
blīþum (dative neuter plural)
blīþum (instrumental masculine plural)
blīþum (feminine instrumental plural)
blīþum (instrumental neuter plural)

English: blithe

From Proto-West Germanic *blīþī.
Cognates
Cognate with Old Frisian blīthe, blīde, Old Saxon blīdi, Old Dutch blīthi (in placenames), Old High German blīdi, Old Norse blíðr (Danish blid, Faroese blíður, Icelandic blíður), Gothic 𐌱𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌸𐍃 (bleiþs).

late 9th century, King Alfred's translation of Saint Augustine's Soliloquies
Gyf þonne ǣfre gebyreð þæt þū þē ful hālne and ful trumne ongytst, and hæafst æalle þīne frēond myd þē, ǣġðer ge on mōde ge on līchaman, and on ðām ilcan worce and on ðām ylcan willum ðe ðē best lyst dōn, hweðer þū ðonne wille bēon āwiht blīðe?

If then it ever happen that thou shalt find thyself full whole and full strong, and hast all thy friends with thee, both in mind and in body, and in that same work and in that same will which pleaseth thee best to do, wilt thou then be happy at all?


Nazareth

Nazareth (an ancient city in modern northern Israel)


bru

brū (canonical feminine)
brū (nominative singular)
brūwa (nominative plural)
brūwe (nominative plural)
brūwe (accusative singular)
brūwa (accusative plural)
brūwe (accusative plural)
brūwe (genitive singular)
brūwa (genitive plural)
brūwe (dative singular)
brūwum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: browe, broȝ, brou, brow, bru, brouwe, brwe, bruwe
English: brow
Geordie English: broo
Scots: broo

From Proto-Germanic *brūwō, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃bʰrúHs (“brow”).


nosu

nosu (nominative singular)
nosa (nominative plural)
nosu (accusative singular)
nosa (accusative plural)
nosa (genitive singular)
nosa (genitive plural)
nosa (dative singular)
nosum (dative plural)
nosu (nominative singular)
nosa (nominative plural)
nose (nominative plural)
nose (accusative singular)
nosa (accusative plural)
nose (accusative plural)
nose (genitive singular)
nosa (genitive plural)
nose (dative singular)
nosum (dative plural)

Middle English: nose, neose, noose, nosse, nos, nosu
English: nose
Scots: nos, nose, nois


cuma

cuma (nominative singular)
cuman (nominative plural)
cuman (accusative singular)
cuman (accusative plural)
cuman (genitive singular)
cumena (genitive plural)
cuman (dative singular)
cumum (dative plural)

From Proto-Germanic *kumô, equivalent to cuman + -a.

c. 973, Æthelwold, translation of the Rule of Saint Benedict
Fēower and fīftiġ. Be cumena andfenġe.

c. 992, Ælfric, "On the Greater Litany"
Wē sind eall cuman on þissum līfe, and ūre eard nis nā hēr, ac wē sind hēr swelċe weġfērende menn. Ān cymþ, ōðer færeþ. Sē biþ ācenned, sē ōðer forþfæreþ and rȳmþ him setl.

We are all guests in this life, and our home is not here, but we're here as wayfaring people. One person comes, another goes. One is born, another dies and makes them room.

c. 990, Wessex Gospels, Matthew 25:35


fleam

flēam (canonical masculine)
flēam (nominative singular)
flēamas (nominative plural)
flēam (accusative singular)
flēamas (accusative plural)
flēames (genitive singular)
flēama (genitive plural)
flēame (dative singular)
flēamum (dative plural)

Middle English: flem, fleem, fleme, flæm, fleam, vlem (Early Middle English)
English: fleam (dialectal)
Scots: fleem

Fram sagum ne biþ nān flēam: hīe nabbaþ nānne anġinn and nānne ende.

There is no escape from stories: they have no beginning and no end.

Þā ġeflogenan rǣplingas sind nū ġīet on flēame.

The escaped prisoners are still on the run (literally "in flight" or "in an escape").


wop

wōp (canonical masculine)
wōpas (nominative plural)
wōp (nominative singular)
wōpas (nominative plural)
wōp (accusative singular)
wōpas (accusative plural)
wōpes (genitive singular)
wōpa (genitive plural)
wōpe (dative singular)
wōpum (dative plural)

Middle English: wop, weop, wope
English: woop, whoop

From Proto-Germanic *wōpaz (“clamour, weeping”).


wop

first/third-person singular past indicative of wēpan


ærs

ærs (nominative singular)
ærsas (nominative plural)
ærs (accusative singular)
ærsas (accusative plural)
ærses (genitive singular)
ærsa (genitive plural)
ærse (dative singular)
ærsum (dative plural)


feortan

feortan (infinitive)
feortenne (infinitive)
feorte (first-person present singular)
feart (first-person past singular)
fierst (present second-person singular)
fiertst (present second-person singular)
furte (past second-person singular)
fiert (present singular third-person)
feart (past singular third-person)
feortaþ (plural present)
furton (past plural)
feorte (present singular)
furte (past singular)
feorten (plural present)
furten (past plural)
feort (imperative past present singular)
feortaþ (imperative past plural present)
feortende (imperative present)
forten (imperative past)
ġeforten (imperative past)

Middle English: verten, ferten, farten

English: fart

Scots: fart

From Proto-Germanic *fertaną, from Proto-Indo-European *perd-.
*Germanic cognates: Old High German ferzan (German furzen), Old Norse freta (Swedish fjärta).
*Indo-European cognates: Ancient Greek πέρδομαι (pérdomai), Russian перде́ть (perdétʹ), Lithuanian pérsti, Welsh rhech.


morþor

morþor (nominative singular)
morþru (nominative plural)
morþor (accusative singular)
morþru (accusative plural)
morþres (genitive singular)
morþra (genitive plural)
morþre (dative singular)
morþrum (dative plural)

Middle English: morther

English: murther

English: murder

From Proto-West Germanic *morþr. Compare morþ.
Cognates:
(Gothic 𐌼𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌸𐍂 (maurþr), Old Norse myrða), Latin mors, Old Irish marb).


wæter

wæter (nominative singular)
wætru (nominative plural)
wæter (accusative singular)
wætru (accusative plural)
wætres (genitive singular)
wætra (genitive plural)
wætre (dative singular)
wætrum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: water, watere, watir, waterre
English: water (see there for further descendants)
Geordie English: watter, wetter
Scots: watter
Yola: waudher, wadher

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *wed-
Proto-Indo-European *-r̥
Proto-Indo-European *wódr̥
Proto-Germanic *watōr
Proto-West Germanic *watar
Old English wæter
From Proto-West Germanic *watar, from Proto-Germanic *watōr, from Proto-Indo-European *wédōr, collective of *wódr̥.


-ware

-ware (nominative plural)
-ware (accusative plural)
-wara (genitive plural)
-warum (dative plural)
-waras (nominative plural)
-waras (accusative plural)
-wara (genitive plural)
-warum (dative plural)
-waran (nominative plural)
-waran (accusative plural)
-warena (genitive plural)
-warum (dative plural)
-waru (nominative singular)
-wara (nominative plural)
-ware (nominative plural)
-ware (accusative singular)
-wara (accusative plural)
-ware (accusative plural)
-ware (genitive singular)
-wara (genitive plural)
-ware (dative singular)
-warum (dative plural)

Middle English: -er

English: -er

Scots: -ar, -er

From Proto-Germanic *warjaz (“dwellers of”). Cognate with Old High German -āri (“inhabitants of”).

eall sēo buruhwaru

the people of a city, the entire citizenry

(used in the singular) suffix denoting inhabitants or residents of a place

burgwaras

Lundunwaras

Rōmware

(used in the plural) suffix denoting inhabitants or residents of a place


etan

etan (infinitive)
etenne (infinitive)
ete (first-person present singular)
ǣt (first-person past singular)
itst (present second-person singular)
ǣte (past second-person singular)
itt (present singular third-person)
it (present singular third-person)
ǣt (past singular third-person)
etaþ (plural present)
ǣton (past plural)
ete (present singular)
ǣte (past singular)
eten (plural present)
ǣten (past plural)
et (imperative past present singular)
etaþ (imperative past plural present)
etende (imperative present)
eten (imperative past)
ġeeten (imperative past)

desctree

Middle English: eten, eete, eeten, ete, etin, ethe, ette, æten, etenn (Early Middle English)
English: eat
Scots: ait, aet, eat, eit, ete
Yola: at, ayth, eight

From Proto-West Germanic *etan, from Proto-Germanic *etaną, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ed-.

late 9th century, King Alfred's translation of Saint Augustine's Soliloquies
Ne lyst mē nāwiht ðāra metta þe ic forhātan habbe, ac mē lyst ðāra þe ic getiohhod habbe tō ætanne, ðonne ic hī gesēo.

I desire none of those meats which I have renounced; I desire those which I have thought right to eat, when I see them.


þunor

þunor (nominative singular)
þunras (nominative plural)
þunor (accusative singular)
þunras (accusative plural)
þunres (genitive singular)
þunra (genitive plural)
þunre (dative singular)
þunrum (dative plural)

Middle English: thonder
English: thunder
Scots: thuner, thunder, thundir
Yola: dhunder, dunder

From Proto-West Germanic *þunr.
Cognate with Sanskrit स्तनति (stanati, “resound, reverberate, roar, thunder”), Ancient Greek στένω (sténō, “moan, groan, sigh”), Latin tonō, Old Church Slavonic стенати (stenati) (Russian стена́ть (stenátʹ)), Lithuanian steneti.

cog

late 9th century, translation of Orosius’ History Against the Pagans
Þæt wæs ǣrest þæt þunor tōslōg heora hīestan godes hūs Iufeses.

That was before thunder destroyed the house of Jove, their highest god.

þunor and līeġetu


cuman

cuman (infinitive)
cumenne (infinitive)
cume (first-person present singular)
cōm (first-person past singular)
cwōm (first-person past singular)
cymest (present second-person singular)
cymst (present second-person singular)
cōme (past second-person singular)
cwōme (past second-person singular)
cymeþ (present singular third-person)
cymþ (present singular third-person)
cōm (past singular third-person)
cwōm (past singular third-person)
cumaþ (plural present)
cōmon (past plural)
cwōmon (past plural)
cume (present singular)
cōme (past singular)
cwōme (past singular)
cumen (plural present)
cōmen (past plural)
cwōmen (past plural)
cum (imperative past present singular)
cumaþ (imperative past plural present)
cumende (imperative present)
cumen (imperative past)
ġecumen (imperative past)
cymen (imperative past)
ġecymen (imperative past)

desctree

Middle English: comen, cumen
English: come, cum
Solombala English: комъ (kom)
Scots: cum
Yola: coome, come, cum

From Proto-West Germanic *kweman, from Proto-Germanic *kwemaną, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷémt (“to step”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷem-.

Hē cōm hām ġiestran niht swīðe late.

Hwanon cōme þū?

c. 992, Ælfric, "On the Purification of St. Mary"
Ēlā, hwænne cymð sē Hǣlend?

late 10th century, Ælfric, "Saint George, Martyr"
Hāt cuman tō mē þone cristenan mann...


sunne

sunne (nominative singular)
sunnan (nominative plural)
sunnan (accusative singular)
sunnan (accusative plural)
sunnan (genitive singular)
sunnena (genitive plural)
sunnan (dative singular)
sunnum (dative plural)

Middle English: sonne, sunne, sone, son, sune, sun, sunna, sunnæ, synne, soen, zunne (Southern West Mid), zonne (Kent)
English: sun
Scots: sun
Yola: zin

From Proto-Germanic *sunnǭ, from Proto-Indo-European *sh̥₂uén-, oblique stem of *sóh₂wl̥.


laþ

lāþ (canonical)
lāþra (comparative)
lāþost (superlative)
lāþ (masculine nominative singular)
lāþ (feminine nominative singular)
lāþ (neuter nominative singular)
lāþne (accusative masculine singular)
lāþe (accusative feminine singular)
lāþ (accusative neuter singular)
lāþes (genitive masculine singular)
lāþre (feminine genitive singular)
lāþes (genitive neuter singular)
lāþum (dative masculine singular)
lāþre (dative feminine singular)
lāþum (dative neuter singular)
lāþe (instrumental masculine singular)
lāþre (feminine instrumental singular)
lāþe (instrumental neuter singular)
lāþe (masculine nominative plural)
lāþa (feminine nominative plural)
lāþe (feminine nominative plural)
lāþ (neuter nominative plural)
lāþe (accusative masculine plural)
lāþa (accusative feminine plural)
lāþe (accusative feminine plural)
lāþ (accusative neuter plural)
lāþra (genitive masculine plural)
lāþra (feminine genitive plural)
lāþra (genitive neuter plural)
lāþum (dative masculine plural)
lāþum (dative feminine plural)
lāþum (dative neuter plural)
lāþum (instrumental masculine plural)
lāþum (feminine instrumental plural)
lāþum (instrumental neuter plural)
lāþa (masculine nominative singular)
lāþe (feminine nominative singular)
lāþe (neuter nominative singular)
lāþan (accusative masculine singular)
lāþan (accusative feminine singular)
lāþe (accusative neuter singular)
lāþan (genitive masculine singular)
lāþan (feminine genitive singular)
lāþan (genitive neuter singular)
lāþan (dative masculine singular)
lāþan (dative feminine singular)
lāþan (dative neuter singular)
lāþan (instrumental masculine singular)
lāþan (feminine instrumental singular)
lāþan (instrumental neuter singular)
lāþan (masculine nominative plural)
lāþan (feminine nominative plural)
lāþan (neuter nominative plural)
lāþan (accusative masculine plural)
lāþan (accusative feminine plural)
lāþan (accusative neuter plural)
lāþra (genitive masculine plural)
lāþena (genitive masculine plural)
lāþra (feminine genitive plural)
lāþena (feminine genitive plural)
lāþra (genitive neuter plural)
lāþena (genitive neuter plural)
lāþum (dative masculine plural)
lāþum (dative feminine plural)
lāþum (dative neuter plural)
lāþum (instrumental masculine plural)
lāþum (feminine instrumental plural)
lāþum (instrumental neuter plural)

Middle English: lath, loth, lothe

Scots: lathe, laith

English: loath

Scots: lothe, loith

From Proto-West Germanic *laiþ (“loath, hateful”).

inh

Leofest on life lað biþ ðænne.

What is dearest in life, shall then be hateful.


laþ

Mid lufe ge mid laðe

With what is pleasant and what is unpleasant.

a person or thing that is evil, hated or unpleasant


breme

brēme (canonical)
brēmest (superlative)
brēme (masculine nominative singular)
brēmu (feminine nominative singular)
brēmo (feminine nominative singular)
brēme (neuter nominative singular)
brēmne (accusative masculine singular)
brēme (accusative feminine singular)
brēme (accusative neuter singular)
brēmes (genitive masculine singular)
brēmre (feminine genitive singular)
brēmes (genitive neuter singular)
brēmum (dative masculine singular)
brēmre (dative feminine singular)
brēmum (dative neuter singular)
brēme (instrumental masculine singular)
brēmre (feminine instrumental singular)
brēme (instrumental neuter singular)
brēme (masculine nominative plural)
brēma (feminine nominative plural)
brēme (feminine nominative plural)
brēmu (neuter nominative plural)
brēmo (neuter nominative plural)
brēme (accusative masculine plural)
brēma (accusative feminine plural)
brēme (accusative feminine plural)
brēmu (accusative neuter plural)
brēmo (accusative neuter plural)
brēmra (genitive masculine plural)
brēmra (feminine genitive plural)
brēmra (genitive neuter plural)
brēmum (dative masculine plural)
brēmum (dative feminine plural)
brēmum (dative neuter plural)
brēmum (instrumental masculine plural)
brēmum (feminine instrumental plural)
brēmum (instrumental neuter plural)
brēma (masculine nominative singular)
brēme (feminine nominative singular)
brēme (neuter nominative singular)
brēman (accusative masculine singular)
brēman (accusative feminine singular)
brēme (accusative neuter singular)
brēman (genitive masculine singular)
brēman (feminine genitive singular)
brēman (genitive neuter singular)
brēman (dative masculine singular)
brēman (dative feminine singular)
brēman (dative neuter singular)
brēman (instrumental masculine singular)
brēman (feminine instrumental singular)
brēman (instrumental neuter singular)
brēman (masculine nominative plural)
brēman (feminine nominative plural)
brēman (neuter nominative plural)
brēman (accusative masculine plural)
brēman (accusative feminine plural)
brēman (accusative neuter plural)
brēmra (genitive masculine plural)
brēmena (genitive masculine plural)
brēmra (feminine genitive plural)
brēmena (feminine genitive plural)
brēmra (genitive neuter plural)
brēmena (genitive neuter plural)
brēmum (dative masculine plural)
brēmum (dative feminine plural)
brēmum (dative neuter plural)
brēmum (instrumental masculine plural)
brēmum (feminine instrumental plural)
brēmum (instrumental neuter plural)

Middle English: brem, breme

English: breme

Scots: breme

From Proto-West Germanic *brōmi, from Proto-Germanic *brōmiz.


syl

sȳl (canonical feminine)
sȳl (nominative singular)
sȳle (nominative plural)
sȳla (nominative plural)
sȳl (accusative singular)
sȳle (accusative singular)
sȳle (accusative plural)
sȳla (accusative plural)
sȳle (genitive singular)
sȳla (genitive plural)
sȳle (dative singular)
sȳlum (dative plural)

Middle English: syle

English: sile

Scots: sile, syle, cyle

From Proto-West Germanic *sūli, from Proto-Germanic *sūliz (“pillar”). Akin to Gothic 𐍃𐌰𐌿𐌻𐍃 (sauls, “pillar”), German Säule.


grap

grāp (canonical feminine)
grāp (nominative singular)
grāpa (nominative plural)
grāpe (nominative plural)
grāpe (accusative singular)
grāpa (accusative plural)
grāpe (accusative plural)
grāpe (genitive singular)
grāpa (genitive plural)
grāpe (dative singular)
grāpum (dative plural)

gl

attested in Middle English <i class="Latn mention" lang="enm">gropnail</i>

Middle English: grop (attested in Middle English gropnail)

English: grope

desctree

Scots: graip
→ Irish: graeipe
→ Scottish Gaelic: gràpa

From Proto-West Germanic *graipu, from Proto-Germanic *graipō, related to *grīpaną (“to grasp, grab”).
Cognate with Middle Low German grēpe, Middle Dutch grepe (Dutch greep), Old High German greifa, Old Norse greip (Swedish grep).


gif

Middle English: if, yif, yef
English: if, yif
Scots: gif, gyf, gin
Yola: yith, if

From Proto-West Germanic *jabē, *jabu, from Proto-Germanic *jabai (“when, if”) with anomalous apocope. The expected form is attested once as ġyfe in the early 7th-century Law of Æthelberht, if not simply a scribal error.

late 10th century, Ælfric, "Saint George, Martyr"
...ac hi ge-eacniacð heora wita, gif hi ær ende ne cyrrað.

...but they add to their punishments, if they turn not before the end..


spel

spel (nominative singular)
spel (nominative plural)
spel (accusative singular)
spel (accusative plural)
spelles (genitive singular)
spella (genitive plural)
spelle (dative singular)
spellum (dative plural)


grof

first/third-person singular preterite indicative of grafan


mand

mand (nominative singular)
manda (nominative plural)
mande (nominative plural)
mande (accusative singular)
manda (accusative plural)
mande (accusative plural)
mande (genitive singular)
manda (genitive plural)
mande (dative singular)
mandum (dative plural)

From Proto-West Germanic *mandu (“basket”).


hore

hōre (canonical feminine)
hōre (nominative singular)
hōran (nominative plural)
hōran (accusative singular)
hōran (accusative plural)
hōran (genitive singular)
hōrena (genitive plural)
hōran (dative singular)
hōrum (dative plural)

Middle English: hore, hoor, hoore, hor, houre, hure
English: whore
Scots: hure, hoor
→ Welsh: hŵr

From Proto-Germanic *hōrǭ, from Proto-Indo-European *kéh₂ros (“dear, loved”). Compare Old High German huora (German Hure), Dutch hoer, Old Norse hóra (Danish hore, Swedish hora); compare also Latin carus (“dear”).

inh

996-7, Ælfric, Lives of Saints/Life of Saint Nicholas
Ða wolde heora fæder læton heo beon horan þæt hi mihton his earme lif huru mid þan forðbringan.

Then their father wanted to let her become a whore so that they might thereby sustain his wretched lifestyle.


geboren

ġeboren (canonical)
ġeboren (masculine nominative singular)
ġeboren (feminine nominative singular)
ġeboren (neuter nominative singular)
ġeborenne (accusative masculine singular)
ġeborene (accusative feminine singular)
ġeboren (accusative neuter singular)
ġeborenes (genitive masculine singular)
ġeborenre (feminine genitive singular)
ġeborenes (genitive neuter singular)
ġeborenum (dative masculine singular)
ġeborenre (dative feminine singular)
ġeborenum (dative neuter singular)
ġeborene (instrumental masculine singular)
ġeborenre (feminine instrumental singular)
ġeborene (instrumental neuter singular)
ġeborene (masculine nominative plural)
ġeborena (feminine nominative plural)
ġeborene (feminine nominative plural)
ġeboren (neuter nominative plural)
ġeborene (accusative masculine plural)
ġeborena (accusative feminine plural)
ġeborene (accusative feminine plural)
ġeboren (accusative neuter plural)
ġeborenra (genitive masculine plural)
ġeborenra (feminine genitive plural)
ġeborenra (genitive neuter plural)
ġeborenum (dative masculine plural)
ġeborenum (dative feminine plural)
ġeborenum (dative neuter plural)
ġeborenum (instrumental masculine plural)
ġeborenum (feminine instrumental plural)
ġeborenum (instrumental neuter plural)
ġeborena (masculine nominative singular)
ġeborene (feminine nominative singular)
ġeborene (neuter nominative singular)
ġeborenan (accusative masculine singular)
ġeborenan (accusative feminine singular)
ġeborene (accusative neuter singular)
ġeborenan (genitive masculine singular)
ġeborenan (feminine genitive singular)
ġeborenan (genitive neuter singular)
ġeborenan (dative masculine singular)
ġeborenan (dative feminine singular)
ġeborenan (dative neuter singular)
ġeborenan (instrumental masculine singular)
ġeborenan (feminine instrumental singular)
ġeborenan (instrumental neuter singular)
ġeborenan (masculine nominative plural)
ġeborenan (feminine nominative plural)
ġeborenan (neuter nominative plural)
ġeborenan (accusative masculine plural)
ġeborenan (accusative feminine plural)
ġeborenan (accusative neuter plural)
ġeborenra (genitive masculine plural)
ġeborenena (genitive masculine plural)
ġeborenra (feminine genitive plural)
ġeborenena (feminine genitive plural)
ġeborenra (genitive neuter plural)
ġeborenena (genitive neuter plural)
ġeborenum (dative masculine plural)
ġeborenum (dative feminine plural)
ġeborenum (dative neuter plural)
ġeborenum (instrumental masculine plural)
ġeborenum (feminine instrumental plural)
ġeborenum (instrumental neuter plural)

desc

Middle English: born, boren, borne, iborne

English: born


lange

ang-adv

lange (comparative lenġ, superlative lenġest)

lenġ (comparative)
lenġest (superlative)

"Gospel of Saint John", chapter 10, verse 24

Then the Jew surrounded him from outside and said to him, how long do you delay our lives. Tell us openly whether you be Christ.

Ðā bestōdon þā Iudeas hyne ūtan, and cwǣdon tō him, Hū lange gǣlst þū ūre līf? Sege ūs openlīce hwæþer þū Crīst sȳ.

The Dialogues of Solomon and Saturn
Saga mē, hū lange worhte man Noes earce?

Tell me, how long were they making Noe's ark?

late 9th century, King Alfred's translation of Saint Augustine's Soliloquies
Ġenōh lange ic wæs on þām bysmore and on þǣre sceame, þe hȳ mē on ġebrōhton;...

Long enough have I been in the reproach and shame which they brought on me;...

late 10th century, Ælfric, "Ash-Wednesday"
Þā cwæð eall sēo meniu þe ðǣr mid stōd ofwundrod þæt sē cwellere ne sceolde swencan hī nā leng...

Then said all the multitude who stood there astonished,that the executioner should vex her no longer,...


canst

second-person singular present indicative of cunnan


pinne

pinne (nominative singular)
pinnan (nominative plural)
pinnan (accusative singular)
pinnan (accusative plural)
pinnan (genitive singular)
pinnena (genitive plural)
pinnan (dative singular)
pinnum (dative plural)


lus

lūs (canonical feminine)
lȳs (nominative plural)
lūs (nominative singular)
lȳs (nominative plural)
lūs (accusative singular)
lȳs (accusative plural)
lȳs (genitive singular)
lūse (genitive singular)
lūsa (genitive plural)
lȳs (dative singular)
lūsum (dative plural)

Middle English: lous, lows, lowse

English: louse

Scots: louse, loose

From Proto-West Germanic *lūs. Compare Old High German lūs, Old Norse lús.


-ienne

lufian (“to love”) + -ienne → lufienne (“to love”)

Used to form the inflected infinitive of class II weak verbs


rift

Middle English: rift

From Proto-Germanic *riftą, *riftiją, perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rebʰ- (“to cover; arch over; vault”). Cognate with Old High German peinrefta (“legwear; leggings”), Old Norse ript, ripti (“a kind of cloth; linen jerkin”).


-ling

desctree

Middle English: -ling
English: -ling, -long (as in headlong)

From alteration of suffixal use of Old English lang (“long”).

hinderling

adverbial suffix denoting direction, state or position


-ling

-ling (nominative singular)
-lingas (nominative plural)
-ling (accusative singular)
-lingas (accusative plural)
-linges (genitive singular)
-linga (genitive plural)
-linge (dative singular)
-lingum (dative plural)

Middle English: -ling

English: -ling

From Proto-West Germanic *-ling, from Proto-Germanic *-ilingaz.

dīerling

rǣpling

stærling

Icling ("dynasty of Icel" or "House of Icel"); Ætheling (House of Ethel)


-dom

-dōm (canonical masculine)
-dōm (nominative singular)
-dōmas (nominative plural)
-dōm (accusative singular)
-dōmas (accusative plural)
-dōmes (genitive singular)
-dōma (genitive plural)
-dōme (dative singular)
-dōmum (dative plural)

Middle English: -dom, -dam, -dame, -dome, -don, -doom, -dum
English: -dom
Scots: -dom

From Proto-West Germanic *-dōm, from Proto-Germanic *-dōmaz.

cristen (“Christian”) + -dom → cristendōm (“Christianity”)

ealdor (“elder”) + -dom → ealdordōm (“authority”)

frēo (“free”) + -dom → frēodōm (“freedom”)

hǣþen (“pagan”) + -dom → hǣþendōm (“paganism”)


consul

consulas (nominative plural)
consul (nominative singular)
consulas (nominative plural)
consul (accusative singular)
consulas (accusative plural)
consules (genitive singular)
consula (genitive plural)
consule (dative singular)
consulum (dative plural)

Middle English: consul, consoul
English: consul
Scots: consul

late 9th century, translation of Orosius’ History Against the Pagans
Fiaminius sē consul forsēah þā sæġene þe þā hlyttan him sædon...

The consul Flaminius rejected the predictions that the diviners had told him...


-ol

sprecol

nǣmel

hetol

Used to form suffixes (usually from verbs) denoting inclination or tendency toward (compare English -ative)

meagol

mighty, impressive; earnest; capable, possible


neo

nēo (canonical neuter)
nēo (nominative singular)
nēo (nominative plural)
nēo (accusative singular)
nēo (accusative plural)
nēowes (genitive singular)
nēowa (genitive plural)
nēowe (dative singular)
nēowum (dative plural)

From Proto-West Germanic *nawi, from Proto-Germanic *nawiz, *nawaz (“corpse”), from Proto-Indo-European *neh₂w- (“the deceased, corpse”).


honda

inflection of hond:
nominative/accusative plural


ful

ful (masculine nominative singular)
ful (feminine nominative singular)
ful (neuter nominative singular)
fulne (accusative masculine singular)
fulle (accusative feminine singular)
ful (accusative neuter singular)
fulles (genitive masculine singular)
fulre (feminine genitive singular)
fulles (genitive neuter singular)
fullum (dative masculine singular)
fulre (dative feminine singular)
fullum (dative neuter singular)
fulle (instrumental masculine singular)
fulre (feminine instrumental singular)
fulle (instrumental neuter singular)
fulle (masculine nominative plural)
fulla (feminine nominative plural)
fulle (feminine nominative plural)
ful (neuter nominative plural)
fulle (accusative masculine plural)
fulla (accusative feminine plural)
fulle (accusative feminine plural)
ful (accusative neuter plural)
fulra (genitive masculine plural)
fulra (feminine genitive plural)
fulra (genitive neuter plural)
fullum (dative masculine plural)
fullum (dative feminine plural)
fullum (dative neuter plural)
fullum (instrumental masculine plural)
fullum (feminine instrumental plural)
fullum (instrumental neuter plural)
fulla (masculine nominative singular)
fulle (feminine nominative singular)
fulle (neuter nominative singular)
fullan (accusative masculine singular)
fullan (accusative feminine singular)
fulle (accusative neuter singular)
fullan (genitive masculine singular)
fullan (feminine genitive singular)
fullan (genitive neuter singular)
fullan (dative masculine singular)
fullan (dative feminine singular)
fullan (dative neuter singular)
fullan (instrumental masculine singular)
fullan (feminine instrumental singular)
fullan (instrumental neuter singular)
fullan (masculine nominative plural)
fullan (feminine nominative plural)
fullan (neuter nominative plural)
fullan (accusative masculine plural)
fullan (accusative feminine plural)
fullan (accusative neuter plural)
fulra (genitive masculine plural)
fullena (genitive masculine plural)
fulra (feminine genitive plural)
fullena (feminine genitive plural)
fulra (genitive neuter plural)
fullena (genitive neuter plural)
fullum (dative masculine plural)
fullum (dative feminine plural)
fullum (dative neuter plural)
fullum (instrumental masculine plural)
fullum (feminine instrumental plural)
fullum (instrumental neuter plural)


ful

fūl (canonical)
fūl (masculine nominative singular)
fūl (feminine nominative singular)
fūl (neuter nominative singular)
fūlne (accusative masculine singular)
fūle (accusative feminine singular)
fūl (accusative neuter singular)
fūles (genitive masculine singular)
fūlre (feminine genitive singular)
fūles (genitive neuter singular)
fūlum (dative masculine singular)
fūlre (dative feminine singular)
fūlum (dative neuter singular)
fūle (instrumental masculine singular)
fūlre (feminine instrumental singular)
fūle (instrumental neuter singular)
fūle (masculine nominative plural)
fūla (feminine nominative plural)
fūle (feminine nominative plural)
fūl (neuter nominative plural)
fūle (accusative masculine plural)
fūla (accusative feminine plural)
fūle (accusative feminine plural)
fūl (accusative neuter plural)
fūlra (genitive masculine plural)
fūlra (feminine genitive plural)
fūlra (genitive neuter plural)
fūlum (dative masculine plural)
fūlum (dative feminine plural)
fūlum (dative neuter plural)
fūlum (instrumental masculine plural)
fūlum (feminine instrumental plural)
fūlum (instrumental neuter plural)
fūla (masculine nominative singular)
fūle (feminine nominative singular)
fūle (neuter nominative singular)
fūlan (accusative masculine singular)
fūlan (accusative feminine singular)
fūle (accusative neuter singular)
fūlan (genitive masculine singular)
fūlan (feminine genitive singular)
fūlan (genitive neuter singular)
fūlan (dative masculine singular)
fūlan (dative feminine singular)
fūlan (dative neuter singular)
fūlan (instrumental masculine singular)
fūlan (feminine instrumental singular)
fūlan (instrumental neuter singular)
fūlan (masculine nominative plural)
fūlan (feminine nominative plural)
fūlan (neuter nominative plural)
fūlan (accusative masculine plural)
fūlan (accusative feminine plural)
fūlan (accusative neuter plural)
fūlra (genitive masculine plural)
fūlena (genitive masculine plural)
fūlra (feminine genitive plural)
fūlena (feminine genitive plural)
fūlra (genitive neuter plural)
fūlena (genitive neuter plural)
fūlum (dative masculine plural)
fūlum (dative feminine plural)
fūlum (dative neuter plural)
fūlum (instrumental masculine plural)
fūlum (feminine instrumental plural)
fūlum (instrumental neuter plural)

Middle English: foul

English: foul

Scots: foul


ful

late 10th century, Ælfric, "Saint Agnes, Virgin"
...and ful leof þam casere for his micclan sige þeah þe he nære gefullod .

...and very dear to the emperor for his great victory, though he was not baptized.


rec

Middle English: rek

English: reek

Scots: reek, reik

From Proto-West Germanic *rauki, from Proto-Germanic *raukiz, whence also Old Frisian rēk, Old Saxon rōk, Old Dutch rouc, Old High German rouh, Old Norse reykr. Possibly a loan from the Old Norse instead.


cal

Middle English: col

English: cole


wah

first/third-person singular past indicative of wīgan


nage

inflection of nāgan:
singular present subjunctive

inflection of nāgan:
singular imperative


sid

sīd (canonical)
sīd (masculine nominative singular)
sīd (feminine nominative singular)
sīd (neuter nominative singular)
sīdne (accusative masculine singular)
sīde (accusative feminine singular)
sīd (accusative neuter singular)
sīdes (genitive masculine singular)
sīdre (feminine genitive singular)
sīdes (genitive neuter singular)
sīdum (dative masculine singular)
sīdre (dative feminine singular)
sīdum (dative neuter singular)
sīde (instrumental masculine singular)
sīdre (feminine instrumental singular)
sīde (instrumental neuter singular)
sīde (masculine nominative plural)
sīda (feminine nominative plural)
sīde (feminine nominative plural)
sīd (neuter nominative plural)
sīde (accusative masculine plural)
sīda (accusative feminine plural)
sīde (accusative feminine plural)
sīd (accusative neuter plural)
sīdra (genitive masculine plural)
sīdra (feminine genitive plural)
sīdra (genitive neuter plural)
sīdum (dative masculine plural)
sīdum (dative feminine plural)
sīdum (dative neuter plural)
sīdum (instrumental masculine plural)
sīdum (feminine instrumental plural)
sīdum (instrumental neuter plural)
sīda (masculine nominative singular)
sīde (feminine nominative singular)
sīde (neuter nominative singular)
sīdan (accusative masculine singular)
sīdan (accusative feminine singular)
sīde (accusative neuter singular)
sīdan (genitive masculine singular)
sīdan (feminine genitive singular)
sīdan (genitive neuter singular)
sīdan (dative masculine singular)
sīdan (dative feminine singular)
sīdan (dative neuter singular)
sīdan (instrumental masculine singular)
sīdan (feminine instrumental singular)
sīdan (instrumental neuter singular)
sīdan (masculine nominative plural)
sīdan (feminine nominative plural)
sīdan (neuter nominative plural)
sīdan (accusative masculine plural)
sīdan (accusative feminine plural)
sīdan (accusative neuter plural)
sīdra (genitive masculine plural)
sīdena (genitive masculine plural)
sīdra (feminine genitive plural)
sīdena (feminine genitive plural)
sīdra (genitive neuter plural)
sīdena (genitive neuter plural)
sīdum (dative masculine plural)
sīdum (dative feminine plural)
sīdum (dative neuter plural)
sīdum (instrumental masculine plural)
sīdum (feminine instrumental plural)
sīdum (instrumental neuter plural)

English: side

From Proto-West Germanic *sīd, from Proto-Germanic *sīdaz (“drooping, long, ample”). Cognate with Old Norse síðr (Swedish sid).

inh

Caedmon's metrical paraphrase
...And ǣrest āmet ufan tō grunde and hū sīd sē swarta ēðm sēo.

...and first measure from above to its ground, how wide the black vapour is.

Eart þū sē Bēowulf sē þe wiþ Brecan wunne

Are you the Beowulf who contended against Breca on the wide sea...?

wide, spacious, vast, great, large, broad


-ene

inflection of -en:
strong accusative feminine singular

strong instrumental masculine/neuter singular

strong nominative/accusative masculine/feminine plural

weak nominative feminine/neuter singular

inflection of -en:
weak accusative neuter singular


byre

head

byre m (nominative plural byras or byre)

byras (nominative plural)
byre (nominative plural)
byre (nominative singular)
byras (nominative plural)
byre (accusative singular)
byras (accusative plural)
byres (genitive singular)
byra (genitive plural)
byre (dative singular)
byrum (dative plural)

From Proto-West Germanic *burī (early *burijaz), from Proto-Germanic *buriz (“son”).

child, son, descendant; young man, youth


byre

byras (nominative plural)
byre (nominative plural)

From Proto-Germanic *buriz (“hill, elevation”).


byre

Middle English: bir
English: birr

From Proto-Germanic *buriz (“favourable wind”).


byre

From Proto-Germanic *burjaz (“opportunity”), related to Old English byrian (“to come up, occur”).


byre

bȳre (canonical neuter)
bȳru (nominative plural)

English: byre

Probably related to Old English būr. Perhaps identical to the word for a farm or dwelling in German -büren, Dutch -buren.