rædan

rǣdan (canonical)
rǣdan (infinitive)
rǣdenne (infinitive)
rǣde (first-person present singular)
rēd (first-person past singular)
reord (first-person past singular)
rǣtst (present second-person singular)
rēde (past second-person singular)
reorde (past second-person singular)
rǣtt (present singular third-person)
rǣt (present singular third-person)
rēd (past singular third-person)
reord (past singular third-person)
rǣdaþ (plural present)
rēdon (past plural)
reordon (past plural)
rǣde (present singular)
rēde (past singular)
reorde (past singular)
rǣden (plural present)
rēden (past plural)
reorden (past plural)
rǣd (imperative past present singular)
rǣdaþ (imperative past plural present)
rǣdende (imperative present)
rǣden (imperative past)
ġerǣden (imperative past)
rǣdan (infinitive)
rǣdenne (infinitive)
rǣde (first-person present singular)
rǣdde (first-person past singular)
rǣdest (present second-person singular)
rǣtst (present second-person singular)
rǣddest (past second-person singular)
rǣdeþ (present singular third-person)
rǣtt (present singular third-person)
rǣt (present singular third-person)
rǣdde (past singular third-person)
rǣdaþ (plural present)
rǣddon (past plural)
rǣde (present singular)
rǣdde (past singular)
rǣden (plural present)
rǣdden (past plural)
rǣd (imperative past present singular)
rǣdaþ (imperative past plural present)
rǣdende (imperative present)
rǣded (imperative past)
ġerǣded (imperative past)

desctree

Middle English: reden, readen, redden, riden, raden, ruden, redan, readan, ræden, rædon (Early Middle English)
English: read, rede
Scots: rede
Yola: reade

From a merger of two verbs, which came to be pronounced the same in the present tense and the infinitive due to regular sound change:
* Proto-West Germanic *rādan, from Proto-Germanic *rēdaną (“to advise”, strong verb)
* Proto-West Germanic *raidijan, from Proto-Germanic *raidijaną (“to make ready”, weak verb).
The past tense form reordon preserves the zero-grade reduplicated plural stem *re-rd-un.

inh

c. 992, Ælfric, "Midlent Sunday"
Nis nā ġenōg þæt þū stafas sċēawiġe būtan þū hīe ēac rǣde and þæt andġiet understande.

It is not enough that you look at letters unless you also read them and understand the meaning.

swefn rǣdan


beot

bēot (canonical neuter)
bēot (nominative plural)
bēot (nominative singular)
bēot (nominative plural)
bēot (accusative singular)
bēot (accusative plural)
bēotes (genitive singular)
bēota (genitive plural)
bēote (dative singular)
bēotum (dative plural)

From earlier bihāt, second element cognate with Old Norse heit with very similar semantics.

bēotlic

arrogant, exulting, boastful, threatening

bēotlīce

arrogantly, exultingly, boastfully, threateningly

Beorn sċeal ġebīdan, · þonne hē bēot spriceð,
oþþæt collenferð · cunne ġearwe
hwider hreþra ġehyġd · hweorfan wille.

Man must pause when he tells a promise
until bold spirit would know clearly
where thought of hearts would turn.


weorþmynd

late 10th century, Ælfric, "Chair of Saint Peter"
Nū wylle wē ēow secgan sume Petres wundra him tō wurðmynte and ēow tō trymmincge...

Now will we tell you some of Peter's miracles to his honour, and your edification;...

c. 992, Ælfric, "The Nativity of St. Andrew the Apostle"
Sy ðam Metodan Drihtne wurþmynt and lōf á on ecnysse. Amen we cweðað.

Be to the Lord Creator honour and praise ever to eternity. Amen we say.

late 10th century, Ælfric, "Saint George, Martyr"
Nāst þū lā Geori þæt ūre godas swincað mid þē and ġit hī synd ġeþyldiġe þæt hī þe miltsion. Nū lǣre ic ðē swā swā lēofne sunu þæt ðū þæra cristenra lāre forlǣte mid ealle and tō mīnum rǣde hraðe ġebūge swā þæt ðū offriġe þām ārwurðan Appoline and þū mycelne wurðmynt miht swā beġitan.

Knowest thou not, O George, that our gods are striving with thee, and even yet they are patient, that they may pity thee; now I exhort thee, as a beloved son, that thou altogether quit the Christians' doctrine, and quickly incline to my counsel, so that thou sacrifice to the venerable Apollo, and thou mayest so obtain great honour.


limpan

limpan (infinitive)
limpenne (infinitive)
limpe (first-person present singular)
lamp (first-person past singular)
limpst (present second-person singular)
lumpe (past second-person singular)
limpþ (present singular third-person)
lamp (past singular third-person)
limpaþ (plural present)
lumpon (past plural)
limpe (present singular)
lumpe (past singular)
limpen (plural present)
lumpen (past plural)
limp (imperative past present singular)
limpaþ (imperative past plural present)
limpende (imperative present)
lumpen (imperative past)
ġelumpen (imperative past)

Middle English: lympen, limpen

Scots: limp

English: limp

From Proto-West Germanic *limpan.
Cognate with Old High German limphan, limpfan (Middle High German limpfen), Danish lempe, Norwegian lempe.


weorþ

ang-adj

weorþ (comparative weorþra, superlative weorþost or weorþust or weorþest or weorþast)

weorþra (comparative)
weorþost (superlative)
weorþust (superlative)
weorþest (superlative)
weorþast (superlative)
weorþ (masculine nominative singular)
weorþ (feminine nominative singular)
weorþ (neuter nominative singular)
weorþne (accusative masculine singular)
weorþe (accusative feminine singular)
weorþ (accusative neuter singular)
weorþes (genitive masculine singular)
weorþre (feminine genitive singular)
weorþes (genitive neuter singular)
weorþum (dative masculine singular)
weorþre (dative feminine singular)
weorþum (dative neuter singular)
weorþe (instrumental masculine singular)
weorþre (feminine instrumental singular)
weorþe (instrumental neuter singular)
weorþe (masculine nominative plural)
weorþa (feminine nominative plural)
weorþe (feminine nominative plural)
weorþ (neuter nominative plural)
weorþe (accusative masculine plural)
weorþa (accusative feminine plural)
weorþe (accusative feminine plural)
weorþ (accusative neuter plural)
weorþra (genitive masculine plural)
weorþra (feminine genitive plural)
weorþra (genitive neuter plural)
weorþum (dative masculine plural)
weorþum (dative feminine plural)
weorþum (dative neuter plural)
weorþum (instrumental masculine plural)
weorþum (feminine instrumental plural)
weorþum (instrumental neuter plural)
weorþa (masculine nominative singular)
weorþe (feminine nominative singular)
weorþe (neuter nominative singular)
weorþan (accusative masculine singular)
weorþan (accusative feminine singular)
weorþe (accusative neuter singular)
weorþan (genitive masculine singular)
weorþan (feminine genitive singular)
weorþan (genitive neuter singular)
weorþan (dative masculine singular)
weorþan (dative feminine singular)
weorþan (dative neuter singular)
weorþan (instrumental masculine singular)
weorþan (feminine instrumental singular)
weorþan (instrumental neuter singular)
weorþan (masculine nominative plural)
weorþan (feminine nominative plural)
weorþan (neuter nominative plural)
weorþan (accusative masculine plural)
weorþan (accusative feminine plural)
weorþan (accusative neuter plural)
weorþra (genitive masculine plural)
weorþena (genitive masculine plural)
weorþra (feminine genitive plural)
weorþena (feminine genitive plural)
weorþra (genitive neuter plural)
weorþena (genitive neuter plural)
weorþum (dative masculine plural)
weorþum (dative feminine plural)
weorþum (dative neuter plural)
weorþum (instrumental masculine plural)
weorþum (feminine instrumental plural)
weorþum (instrumental neuter plural)

From Proto-Germanic *werþaz (“towards, opposite”), used substantively as a noun. Cognate with Old Frisian werth, Old Saxon werth, Old High German werd, German wert (adjective), Wert (noun), Dutch waard (adjective), Old Norse verðr (adjective), verð (noun) (Swedish värd), Gothic 𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐍃 (wairþs).


weorþ

weorþ (nominative plural)
weorþ (nominative singular)
weorþ (nominative plural)
weorþ (accusative singular)
weorþ (accusative plural)
weorþes (genitive singular)
weorþa (genitive plural)
weorþe (dative singular)
weorþum (dative plural)

Middle English: worth

Scots: wirth

English: worth


aþum

āþum (canonical masculine)
āþum (nominative singular)
āþmas (nominative plural)
āþum (accusative singular)
āþmas (accusative plural)
āþmes (genitive singular)
āþma (genitive plural)
āþme (dative singular)
āþmum (dative plural)

Middle English: aþum, oþom, oþam, oþem


bedd

bedd (nominative singular)
bedd (nominative plural)
bedd (accusative singular)
bedd (accusative plural)
beddes (genitive singular)
bedda (genitive plural)
bedde (dative singular)
beddum (dative plural)

Middle English: bedde, bed

English: bed

Scots: bede, bed

From Proto-West Germanic *badi (oblique form *baddj-), from Proto-Germanic *badją (“resting-place”). Cognate with Old Frisian bed, Old Saxon beddi, Dutch beddi, Old High German betti, Old Norse beðr, Gothic 𐌱𐌰𐌳𐌹 (badi).


hlifian

hlifian (infinitive)
hlifienne (infinitive)
hlifiġe (first-person present singular)
hlifode (first-person past singular)
hlifast (present second-person singular)
hlifodest (past second-person singular)
hlifaþ (present singular third-person)
hlifode (past singular third-person)
hlifiaþ (plural present)
hlifodon (past plural)
hlifiġe (present singular)
hlifode (past singular)
hlifiġen (plural present)
hlifoden (past plural)
hlifa (imperative past present singular)
hlifiaþ (imperative past plural present)
hlifiende (imperative present)
hlifod (imperative past)
ġehlifod (imperative past)

Often connected to Proto-Germanic *hlaibaz (“loaf of bread”). However, compare Ancient Greek λόφος (lóphos, “crest of a hill, ridge”).


heorot

heort (nominative singular)
heortas (nominative plural)
heort (accusative singular)
heortas (accusative plural)
heortes (genitive singular)
heorta (genitive plural)
heorte (dative singular)
heortum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: hert, harte, hartt, heert, heort
English: hart
Scots: hert

From Proto-West Germanic *herut, from Proto-Germanic *herutaz, from Proto-Indo-European *kerud- (Ancient Greek κόρυδος (kórudos, “crested lark”)), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂- (Latin cervus (“horn”)). Germanic cognates include Old Saxon hirot, Old High German hiruz, and Old Norse hjǫrtr.

Heorot

the great mead hall described in Beowulf


feorh

feorh (nominative singular)
feorh (nominative plural)
feorh (accusative singular)
feorh (accusative plural)
fēores (genitive singular)
fēora (genitive plural)
fēore (dative singular)
fēorum (dative plural)
feorh (nominative singular)
fēoras (nominative plural)
feorh (accusative singular)
fēoras (accusative plural)
fēores (genitive singular)
fēora (genitive plural)
fēore (dative singular)
fēorum (dative plural)

Middle English: fere, vore

From Proto-West Germanic *ferh, from Proto-Germanic *ferhwą. Cognate with Old Frisian ferch, Old Saxon ferah, Old High German ferah, Old Norse fjǫr, Gothic 𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍈𐌿𐍃 (fairƕus).

Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, Manuscript A, year 755

And he saved his life, though he was often wounded.

And hē his feorh ġenerede, and þēah hē wæs oft ġewundod.

c. 992, Ælfric, "The Deposition of St. Martin, Bishop"
Sum unġesċādwīs mann hine selfne āhēng and his feorh forlēt.

Some irrational person hanged himself and lost his life.

late 9th century, translation of Bede's Ecclesiastical History
Sæġde þæt hēo wǣre on bedde liċġendu and hire man fēores ne wēnde.

She said that she was confined to a bed and was not expected to live [literally "her life was not expected"].

c. 992, Ælfric, "The Nativity of the Innocents"
Sē enġel cwæþ tō Iōsēpe, "Þā sind forþfarene þe ymb þæs ċildes feorh sieredon."

The angel told Joseph, "Those who conspired against the child's life are dead."

c. 992, Ælfric, "The Passion of the Apostles Peter and Paul"
Nero þā þā hē þæs folces ġeþeahte āscode wearþ tō fēore āfyrhted and mid flēame tō wuda ġetengde.

When Nero heard about their pact, he feared for his life and rushed away into the woods.

late 9th century, translation of Orosius’ History Against the Pagans
On þām ġewinne ofslōg Antipater his mōdor, Cassandres lāfe, þēah þe hēo earmlīċe hire fēores tō him wilnode.

In the war, Antipater killed his mother, Cassander's widow, though she pitifully begged him for her life.

late 9th century, translation of Orosius’ History Against the Pagans
On þām dæġe þe hīe feohtan sċoldon, him cōm ān swā miċel hǣtu and swā miċel þurst þæt hīe him heora fēores ne wēndon.

On the day that they were supposed to fight, they were hit with so much heat and thirst that they thought they were going to die [literally "they didn't expect their life"].

late 9th century, King Alfred's translation of Boethius' The Consolation of Philosophy
Iċ wāt þæt þū nāwht ne forslāwode þæt þū þīn āgen feorh for þīnne swēor ne sealde ġif þū hine ġesāwe on hwelcum earfoþum.

I know you would not hesitate to give your own life for your father-in-law if you saw him in any trouble.

late 9th century, King Alfred's translation of Boethius' The Consolation of Philosophy
Ġif þū nū wǣre weġfērend and hæfde miċel gold on þē and þū þonne becōme on þēofsċole, þonne ne wēnde þū þē þīnes fēores.

If you were traveling and had a lot of gold on you and you ran into a gang of robbers, you would think you were going to die [literally "you would not expect your life"].

c. 996, Ælfric's Lives of Saints
Hingwar sende þā sōna siþþan Ēadmunde cyninge bēotlīċ ǣrende: þæt hē ābūgan sċolde tō his manrǣdene ġif hē rōhte his fēores.

After that, Ivar immediately sent a gloating message to King Edmund: that he should submit to serving Ivar if he valued his life.

late 9th century, King Alfred's translation of Pope Gregory's Pastoral Care
Loth cwæþ tō þām engle, "Hēr is ān lȳtlu burg swīðe nēah þǣr iċ mæġ mīn feorh ġenerian. Hēo is ān lȳtlu, and þēah iċ mæġ þǣr on libban."

Lot told the angel, "There's a little town around here, very close by, where I can preserve my life. It's a little one, but I can live there."

late 9th century, King Alfred's translation of Boethius' The Consolation of Philosophy
Þā Seneca þā onfunde þæt hē dēad bēon sċolde, þā bēad hē ealle his ǣhte wiþ his fēore. Þā nolde Nero þæs onfōn ne him his fēores ġeunnan.

When Seneca found out that he was about to die, he offered all his possessions in exchange for his life. But Nero wouldn't accept them or grant him his life.

late 9th century, translation of Orosius’ History Against the Pagans
Rōmāne hæfdon þā nīewlīċe ġesett þæt þā þe hætt beran mōston, þonne hīe hwelċ folc oferwunnen hæfdon, þæt þā mōston ǣġðer habban ġe feorh ġe frēodōm.

The Romans had recently passed a law that whenever they conquered a people, anyone who was allowed to wear a hat could keep both their life and their freedom.

late 9th century, translation of Orosius’ History Against the Pagans
Sē þe him ǣr ġeþūhte þæt nān sǣ wiþhabban ne meahte þæt hē hine mid sċipum and mid his fultume āfyllan ne meahte, hē wæs eft biddende ānes lȳtles troges æt ānum earmum menn þæt hē meahte his feorh ġenerian.

The same man (Xerxes) who had thought that no sea could stop him from covering it with his ships and his army wound up begging a poor person for their little boat so he could save his life.

late 9th century, translation of Orosius’ History Against the Pagans
Þā fēng Philippus tō Mæcedonia rīċe, and hit ealle hwīle on miċelum plēo and on miċelum earfoþum hæfde, þæt ǣġðer ġe him man ūtane of ōðrum lande on wann, ġe ēac þæt his āgen folc ymb his fēorh sierede, þæt him þā æt nīehstan lēofre wæs þæt hē ūte wunne þonne hē æt hām wǣre.

Then Philip came to the throne of Macedon, and held it with great danger and struggle. Not only was he fighting against other countries, but even his own people were plotting against his life, until he would finally rather fight abroad than be at home.


mara

māra (canonical)
māra (masculine nominative singular)
māre (feminine nominative singular)
māre (neuter nominative singular)
māran (accusative masculine singular)
māran (accusative feminine singular)
māre (accusative neuter singular)
māran (genitive masculine singular)
māran (feminine genitive singular)
māran (genitive neuter singular)
māran (dative masculine singular)
māran (dative feminine singular)
māran (dative neuter singular)
māran (instrumental masculine singular)
māran (feminine instrumental singular)
māran (instrumental neuter singular)
māran (masculine nominative plural)
māran (feminine nominative plural)
māran (neuter nominative plural)
māran (accusative masculine plural)
māran (accusative feminine plural)
māran (accusative neuter plural)
mārra (genitive masculine plural)
mārena (genitive masculine plural)
mārra (feminine genitive plural)
mārena (feminine genitive plural)
mārra (genitive neuter plural)
mārena (genitive neuter plural)
mārum (dative masculine plural)
mārum (dative feminine plural)
mārum (dative neuter plural)
mārum (instrumental masculine plural)
mārum (feminine instrumental plural)
mārum (instrumental neuter plural)

desctree

Middle English: more, mare, moore
English: more
Geordie English: mair
Scots: mair
Yola: mo', more

c. 992, Ælfric, "Midlent Sunday"
Māre wundor is þæt God Ælmihtig ǣlce dæġ fēt ealne middangeard,...

A greater miracle it is that God Almighty every day feeds all the world,...


sweor

swēor (canonical masculine)
swēor (nominative singular)
swēoras (nominative plural)
swēor (accusative singular)
swēoras (accusative plural)
swēores (genitive singular)
swēora (genitive plural)
swēore (dative singular)
swēorum (dative plural)

Middle English: sweor

From Proto-Germanic *swehuraz, from Proto-Indo-European *swéḱuros. Cognate with Old High German swehur (German Schwäher), Middle Dutch sweer, Old Old Swedish svœr, Gothic 𐍃𐍅𐌰𐌹𐌷𐍂𐌰 (swaihra). The Indo-European root is also the source of Sanskrit श्वशुर (śváśura), Ancient Greek ἑκυρός (hekurós), Latin socer, Old East Slavic свекръ (svekrŭ) (Russian свёкор (svjókor)). Compare sweġer.


sweor

sweor (nominative singular)
sweoras (nominative plural)
sweor (accusative singular)
sweoras (accusative plural)
sweores (genitive singular)
sweora (genitive plural)
sweore (dative singular)
sweorum (dative plural)

From Proto-Germanic *sweruz (“pole, pillar”), from Proto-Indo-European *swer- (“stick, pole”).


gamol

gamol (masculine nominative singular)
gamol (feminine nominative singular)
gamol (neuter nominative singular)
gamolne (accusative masculine singular)
gamole (accusative feminine singular)
gamol (accusative neuter singular)
gamoles (genitive masculine singular)
gamolre (feminine genitive singular)
gamoles (genitive neuter singular)
gamolum (dative masculine singular)
gamolre (dative feminine singular)
gamolum (dative neuter singular)
gamole (instrumental masculine singular)
gamolre (feminine instrumental singular)
gamole (instrumental neuter singular)
gamole (masculine nominative plural)
gamola (feminine nominative plural)
gamole (feminine nominative plural)
gamol (neuter nominative plural)
gamole (accusative masculine plural)
gamola (accusative feminine plural)
gamole (accusative feminine plural)
gamol (accusative neuter plural)
gamolra (genitive masculine plural)
gamolra (feminine genitive plural)
gamolra (genitive neuter plural)
gamolum (dative masculine plural)
gamolum (dative feminine plural)
gamolum (dative neuter plural)
gamolum (instrumental masculine plural)
gamolum (feminine instrumental plural)
gamolum (instrumental neuter plural)
gamola (masculine nominative singular)
gamole (feminine nominative singular)
gamole (neuter nominative singular)
gamolan (accusative masculine singular)
gamolan (accusative feminine singular)
gamole (accusative neuter singular)
gamolan (genitive masculine singular)
gamolan (feminine genitive singular)
gamolan (genitive neuter singular)
gamolan (dative masculine singular)
gamolan (dative feminine singular)
gamolan (dative neuter singular)
gamolan (instrumental masculine singular)
gamolan (feminine instrumental singular)
gamolan (instrumental neuter singular)
gamolan (masculine nominative plural)
gamolan (feminine nominative plural)
gamolan (neuter nominative plural)
gamolan (accusative masculine plural)
gamolan (accusative feminine plural)
gamolan (accusative neuter plural)
gamolra (genitive masculine plural)
gamolena (genitive masculine plural)
gamolra (feminine genitive plural)
gamolena (feminine genitive plural)
gamolra (genitive neuter plural)
gamolena (genitive neuter plural)
gamolum (dative masculine plural)
gamolum (dative feminine plural)
gamolum (dative neuter plural)
gamolum (instrumental masculine plural)
gamolum (feminine instrumental plural)
gamolum (instrumental neuter plural)

From Proto-Germanic *gamalaz (“old, weak”). Cognate with Dutch gammel (“shaky, worn, old”).


sinc

sinc (nominative singular)
sinc (nominative plural)
sinc (accusative singular)
sinc (accusative plural)
sinces (genitive singular)
sinca (genitive plural)
since (dative singular)
sincum (dative plural)

sōhte seledrēoriġ · sinces bryttan,
hwǣr iċ feor oþþe nēah · findan meahte
þone þe in meoduhealle · mīne wisse

sought hall-sad a giver of treasure,
where I far or near could find
who in a mead-hall would know my men


huru

Middle English: hūre, hūru

Of obscure origin, perhaps related to Proto-Germanic *hwar (“where”). Compare Swedish huru (“how”).

hūru fīftēne mīla brād

ne hūru on hǣðene lēode

late 10th century, Ælfric, "De libro regum"
Clypiað git hluddor uncuð þeah þe he slæpe þæt he huru aƿacnige and eoƿ ƿið spræce

'Cry ye yet louder, peradventure he sleepeth, that he may at least awaken and answer unto you.'

Ðæt dēah tō ǣlcum and hūru tō dēopun dolgum.

It is good for all, and especially for deep wounds.


sellan

sellan (infinitive)
sellenne (infinitive)
selle (first-person present singular)
sealde (first-person past singular)
selest (present second-person singular)
sealdest (past second-person singular)
seleþ (present singular third-person)
sealde (past singular third-person)
sellaþ (plural present)
sealdon (past plural)
selle (present singular)
sealde (past singular)
sellen (plural present)
sealden (past plural)
sele (imperative past present singular)
sellaþ (imperative past plural present)
sellende (imperative present)
seald (imperative past)
ġeseald (imperative past)

desctree

Middle English: sellen
English: sell
→ Dutch: sellen
Scots: sell

From Proto-Germanic *saljaną. Cognate with Old Frisian sella, Old Saxon sellian, Old High German sellen, Old Norse selja, Gothic 𐍃𐌰𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽 (saljan).

Leech Book, Leech Book, Volume II, xxxiii.
Rǣd bið ġif hē nimð mealan mid hire cīþum, sēoþe on wætere, sele drincan.

It is advisable if he taketh mallow with its sprouts; let him seethe them in water, give this to be drunk

late 9th century, King Alfred's translation of Saint Augustine's Soliloquies
Ġef ðē þurh trēowa findon þā ðe þē findon, sile mē þā trēowa.

If it is by faith that they find Thee who do find Thee, give me that faith.

late 10th century, Ælfric, the Old English Hexateuch, Genesis 29:19

I'd rather give her to you than to someone else. Stay with me!

Lēofre mē is þæt iċ hīe selle þē þonne ōðrum menn. Wuna mid mē!

late 10th century, Ælfric, "Passion of St.Alban, Martyr"
Eall swa þa unriht-wisan deman þe heora domas awendað, æfre be þam sceattum na be soðfæstnysse and habbað æfre to cepe heora soðfæstnysse, and swa hi sylfe syllað wið sceattum...

So likewise those unrighteous judges who pervert their judgments, always for gain, and not for justice, and always offer their justice for sale, and thus sell themselves for the sake of money,...


cine

first-person singular present indicative of ċīnan


mecefisc

mēċefisċ (canonical masculine)
mēċefisċ (nominative singular)
mēċefiscas (nominative plural)
mēċefisċ (accusative singular)
mēċefiscas (accusative plural)
mēċefisċes (genitive singular)
mēċefisca (genitive plural)
mēċefisċe (dative singular)
mēċefiscum (dative plural)


blæge

blǣġe (canonical feminine)
blǣġe (nominative singular)
blǣġan (nominative plural)
blǣġan (accusative singular)
blǣġan (accusative plural)
blǣġan (genitive singular)
blǣġena (genitive plural)
blǣġan (dative singular)
blǣġum (dative plural)

From Proto-Germanic *blaigijǭ (“blay, bleak, gudgeon”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰleyk- (“to shine”).


holen

holnas (nominative plural)
holen (nominative singular)
holnas (nominative plural)
holen (accusative singular)
holnas (accusative plural)
holnes (genitive singular)
holna (genitive plural)
holne (dative singular)
holnum (dative plural)

desc

Middle English: holyn, holin, holy, holly

English: holly, hollen

Scots: holin, hollin, holyn

Middle English: holme, holm

English: holm


hragra

hrāgra (canonical masculine)
hrāgra (nominative singular)
hrāgran (nominative plural)
hrāgran (accusative singular)
hrāgran (accusative plural)
hrāgran (genitive singular)
hrāgrena (genitive plural)
hrāgran (dative singular)
hrāgrum (dative plural)

From Proto-West Germanic *hraigrō, from Proto-Germanic *hraigrô.


wælniþ

wælnīþ (canonical masculine)
wælnīþas (nominative plural)


bece

bēċe (canonical feminine)
bēċe (nominative singular)
bēċan (nominative plural)
bēċan (accusative singular)
bēċan (accusative plural)
bēċan (genitive singular)
bēċena (genitive plural)
bēċan (dative singular)
bēċum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: beche
English: beech
Scots: beech


bece

beċe (canonical masculine)
beċas (nominative plural)

Alternative form of bæċ (“stream; brook”)


swinge

first-person singular present indicative

inflection of swingan:
singular present subjunctive


snoru

snoru (nominative singular)
snora (nominative plural)
snore (nominative plural)
snore (accusative singular)
snora (accusative plural)
snore (accusative plural)
snore (genitive singular)
snora (genitive plural)
snore (dative singular)
snorum (dative plural)

Middle English: snore

From Proto-West Germanic *snuʀu, from Proto-Germanic *snuzō (“daughter-in-law”), from Proto-Indo-European *snusós (“daughter-in-law”). Cognate with Old Frisian snore, Middle Dutch snare, Old High German snur, Old Norse snor. The Indo-European root is also the source of Sanskrit स्नुषा (snuṣā́), Ancient Greek νυός (nuós), Latin nurus, Proto-Slavic *snъxa (Russian сноха́ (snoxá)), Albanian nuse.

Swegr on hyre snore: and snoru on hyre swegere.

1874, W. Skeat, The Gospel according to Saint Luke, 12:53:

The mother in law against her daughter-in-law, and the daughter-in-law against her mother in law.


gehwa

ġehwā (canonical)
ġehwā (feminine masculine nominative)
ġehwæt (neuter nominative)
ġehwone (accusative feminine masculine)
ġehwæt (accusative neuter)
ġehwæs (feminine genitive masculine)
ġehwæs (genitive neuter)
ġehwām (dative feminine masculine)
ġehwǣm (dative feminine masculine)
ġehwām (dative neuter)
ġehwǣm (dative neuter)
ġehwȳ (feminine instrumental masculine)
ġehwon (feminine instrumental masculine)
ġehwȳ (instrumental neuter)
ġehwon (instrumental neuter)

Middle English: iwhō, ȝehwa

mōdġe maguþeġnas. · Swā þēs middanġeard
ealra dōgra ġehwām · drēoseð ond fealleþ,

brave warriors. Thus this world
perishes and falls to each of all days,


dogor

dōgor (canonical masculine neuter)
dōgor (nominative singular)
dōgoras (nominative plural)
dōgor (accusative singular)
dōgoras (accusative plural)
dōgores (genitive singular)
dōgora (genitive plural)
dōgore (dative singular)
dōgorum (dative plural)
dōgor (nominative singular)
dōgor (nominative plural)
dōgor (accusative singular)
dōgor (accusative plural)
dōgores (genitive singular)
dōgora (genitive plural)
dōgore (dative singular)
dōgorum (dative plural)


sægde

first/third-person singular preterite of seċġan


frumsceaft

head

frumsċeaft m (nominative plural frumsċeaftu)

frumsċeaft (canonical masculine)
frumsċeaftu (nominative plural)

creation (abstract concept or created thing)

Beowulf
sægde sé þe cúþe / frumsceaft fíra feorran reccan.

he said that he was able to tell from the old earthman's beginnings.


sweotol

sweotolost (superlative)
sweotol (masculine nominative singular)
sweotol (feminine nominative singular)
sweotol (neuter nominative singular)
sweotolne (accusative masculine singular)
sweotole (accusative feminine singular)
sweotol (accusative neuter singular)
sweotoles (genitive masculine singular)
sweotolre (feminine genitive singular)
sweotoles (genitive neuter singular)
sweotolum (dative masculine singular)
sweotolre (dative feminine singular)
sweotolum (dative neuter singular)
sweotole (instrumental masculine singular)
sweotolre (feminine instrumental singular)
sweotole (instrumental neuter singular)
sweotole (masculine nominative plural)
sweotola (feminine nominative plural)
sweotole (feminine nominative plural)
sweotol (neuter nominative plural)
sweotole (accusative masculine plural)
sweotola (accusative feminine plural)
sweotole (accusative feminine plural)
sweotol (accusative neuter plural)
sweotolra (genitive masculine plural)
sweotolra (feminine genitive plural)
sweotolra (genitive neuter plural)
sweotolum (dative masculine plural)
sweotolum (dative feminine plural)
sweotolum (dative neuter plural)
sweotolum (instrumental masculine plural)
sweotolum (feminine instrumental plural)
sweotolum (instrumental neuter plural)
sweotola (masculine nominative singular)
sweotole (feminine nominative singular)
sweotole (neuter nominative singular)
sweotolan (accusative masculine singular)
sweotolan (accusative feminine singular)
sweotole (accusative neuter singular)
sweotolan (genitive masculine singular)
sweotolan (feminine genitive singular)
sweotolan (genitive neuter singular)
sweotolan (dative masculine singular)
sweotolan (dative feminine singular)
sweotolan (dative neuter singular)
sweotolan (instrumental masculine singular)
sweotolan (feminine instrumental singular)
sweotolan (instrumental neuter singular)
sweotolan (masculine nominative plural)
sweotolan (feminine nominative plural)
sweotolan (neuter nominative plural)
sweotolan (accusative masculine plural)
sweotolan (accusative feminine plural)
sweotolan (accusative neuter plural)
sweotolra (genitive masculine plural)
sweotolena (genitive masculine plural)
sweotolra (feminine genitive plural)
sweotolena (feminine genitive plural)
sweotolra (genitive neuter plural)
sweotolena (genitive neuter plural)
sweotolum (dative masculine plural)
sweotolum (dative feminine plural)
sweotolum (dative neuter plural)
sweotolum (instrumental masculine plural)
sweotolum (feminine instrumental plural)
sweotolum (instrumental neuter plural)

Middle English: swutel, sutel

From Proto-West Germanic *switul, from Proto-Germanic *switulaz (“clear; evident”), possibly from an early merging of Proto-Germanic *sw- (“self”) from Proto-Indo-European *swō + witan (“to know”), from Proto-Germanic *witaną, with the suffix + -ol (“prone to doing”) from Proto-Germanic *-ulaz (adjective suffix), with the general meaning "self-knowable", thus "evident", however possible derivatives such as *witulaz, *witol (evident) and *switaną, *switan (to know oneself) do not exist outside of this adjective.


uncuþ

uncūþ (canonical)
uncūþ (masculine nominative singular)
uncūþ (feminine nominative singular)
uncūþ (neuter nominative singular)
uncūþne (accusative masculine singular)
uncūþe (accusative feminine singular)
uncūþ (accusative neuter singular)
uncūþes (genitive masculine singular)
uncūþre (feminine genitive singular)
uncūþes (genitive neuter singular)
uncūþum (dative masculine singular)
uncūþre (dative feminine singular)
uncūþum (dative neuter singular)
uncūþe (instrumental masculine singular)
uncūþre (feminine instrumental singular)
uncūþe (instrumental neuter singular)
uncūþe (masculine nominative plural)
uncūþa (feminine nominative plural)
uncūþe (feminine nominative plural)
uncūþ (neuter nominative plural)
uncūþe (accusative masculine plural)
uncūþa (accusative feminine plural)
uncūþe (accusative feminine plural)
uncūþ (accusative neuter plural)
uncūþra (genitive masculine plural)
uncūþra (feminine genitive plural)
uncūþra (genitive neuter plural)
uncūþum (dative masculine plural)
uncūþum (dative feminine plural)
uncūþum (dative neuter plural)
uncūþum (instrumental masculine plural)
uncūþum (feminine instrumental plural)
uncūþum (instrumental neuter plural)
uncūþa (masculine nominative singular)
uncūþe (feminine nominative singular)
uncūþe (neuter nominative singular)
uncūþan (accusative masculine singular)
uncūþan (accusative feminine singular)
uncūþe (accusative neuter singular)
uncūþan (genitive masculine singular)
uncūþan (feminine genitive singular)
uncūþan (genitive neuter singular)
uncūþan (dative masculine singular)
uncūþan (dative feminine singular)
uncūþan (dative neuter singular)
uncūþan (instrumental masculine singular)
uncūþan (feminine instrumental singular)
uncūþan (instrumental neuter singular)
uncūþan (masculine nominative plural)
uncūþan (feminine nominative plural)
uncūþan (neuter nominative plural)
uncūþan (accusative masculine plural)
uncūþan (accusative feminine plural)
uncūþan (accusative neuter plural)
uncūþra (genitive masculine plural)
uncūþena (genitive masculine plural)
uncūþra (feminine genitive plural)
uncūþena (feminine genitive plural)
uncūþra (genitive neuter plural)
uncūþena (genitive neuter plural)
uncūþum (dative masculine plural)
uncūþum (dative feminine plural)
uncūþum (dative neuter plural)
uncūþum (instrumental masculine plural)
uncūþum (feminine instrumental plural)
uncūþum (instrumental neuter plural)

Middle English: uncuth, uncouth

English: uncouth

Scots: uncouth, unco

From un- + cūþ, from Proto-Germanic *unkunþaz.


firas

fīras (canonical masculine plural)
fīras (nominative plural)
fīras (accusative plural)
fīra (genitive plural)
fīrum (dative plural)

From Proto-Germanic *firhwijaz (“living being, person”), from Proto-Germanic *ferhuz (“life, body”). Cognate with Old Saxon fīrihos, Old Norse fírar.

inh

The Old English rune poem
ᚠ byþ frōfur fīra ġehwylċum...


cuþe

inflection of cūþ:
strong accusative singular feminine

strong instrumental singular masculine/neuter

strong nominative/accusative plural masculine

strong nominative/accusative plural feminine

inflection of cūþ:
weak nominative singular feminine

weak nominative/accusative singular neuter


cuþe

inflection of cunnan:
first/third-person preterite indicative

inflection of cunnan:
singular preterite subjunctive


secgan

seċġan (canonical)
seċġan (infinitive)
seċġenne (infinitive)
seċġe (first-person present singular)
sæġde (first-person past singular)
sæġst (present second-person singular)
sæġdest (past second-person singular)
sæġþ (present singular third-person)
sæġde (past singular third-person)
seċġaþ (plural present)
sæġdon (past plural)
seċġe (present singular)
sæġde (past singular)
seċġen (plural present)
sæġden (past plural)
saga (imperative past present singular)
sæġe (imperative past present singular)
seċġaþ (imperative past plural present)
seċġende (imperative present)
sæġd (imperative past)
ġesæġd (imperative past)

Middle English: seien, seyen, seggen

English: say

From Proto-West Germanic *saggjan.
Cognate with Old Frisian sedza, Old Saxon seggian, Old Dutch seggen, Old High German sagēn, Old Norse segja. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ- (“to say”).

Hwȳ ne sæġdest þū þæt ǣr?

Iċ seċġe simle sōþ.

Ġesiehst þū! Iċ þē sæġde þæt hit riġnan wolde.

late 10th century, Ælfric, "Chair of Saint Peter"
Nū wylle wē ēac ēow secgan hū hē sume dæġ ēode tō þām godes temple mid þām godspellere Iohanne...

Now will we also tell you how on a certain day he went to God's temple with the evangelist John.

c. 992, Ælfric, "The Twenty-first Sunday after Pentecost"
Þāðā hí noldon cuman to ðam giftum, ða sende hé eft, þus cweðende, "Secgað ðam gelaðodum, Efne, ic ġeġearcode mīne gōd, ic ofslóh mine fearras, and mine gemæstan fugelas, and ealle mine ðing ic ġearcode: cumað to þam giftum."

When they would not come to the marriage, he sent again, thus saying, "Say to those who are invited, Behold, I have prepared my meats, I have slain my oxen and my fatted fowls, and have prepared all my things: come to the marriage."


wlitebeorht

wlitebeorht (masculine nominative singular)
wlitebeorht (feminine nominative singular)
wlitebeorht (neuter nominative singular)
wlitebeorhtne (accusative masculine singular)
wlitebeorhte (accusative feminine singular)
wlitebeorht (accusative neuter singular)
wlitebeorhtes (genitive masculine singular)
wlitebeorhtre (feminine genitive singular)
wlitebeorhtes (genitive neuter singular)
wlitebeorhtum (dative masculine singular)
wlitebeorhtre (dative feminine singular)
wlitebeorhtum (dative neuter singular)
wlitebeorhte (instrumental masculine singular)
wlitebeorhtre (feminine instrumental singular)
wlitebeorhte (instrumental neuter singular)
wlitebeorhte (masculine nominative plural)
wlitebeorhta (feminine nominative plural)
wlitebeorhte (feminine nominative plural)
wlitebeorht (neuter nominative plural)
wlitebeorhte (accusative masculine plural)
wlitebeorhta (accusative feminine plural)
wlitebeorhte (accusative feminine plural)
wlitebeorht (accusative neuter plural)
wlitebeorhtra (genitive masculine plural)
wlitebeorhtra (feminine genitive plural)
wlitebeorhtra (genitive neuter plural)
wlitebeorhtum (dative masculine plural)
wlitebeorhtum (dative feminine plural)
wlitebeorhtum (dative neuter plural)
wlitebeorhtum (instrumental masculine plural)
wlitebeorhtum (feminine instrumental plural)
wlitebeorhtum (instrumental neuter plural)
wlitebeorhta (masculine nominative singular)
wlitebeorhte (feminine nominative singular)
wlitebeorhte (neuter nominative singular)
wlitebeorhtan (accusative masculine singular)
wlitebeorhtan (accusative feminine singular)
wlitebeorhte (accusative neuter singular)
wlitebeorhtan (genitive masculine singular)
wlitebeorhtan (feminine genitive singular)
wlitebeorhtan (genitive neuter singular)
wlitebeorhtan (dative masculine singular)
wlitebeorhtan (dative feminine singular)
wlitebeorhtan (dative neuter singular)
wlitebeorhtan (instrumental masculine singular)
wlitebeorhtan (feminine instrumental singular)
wlitebeorhtan (instrumental neuter singular)
wlitebeorhtan (masculine nominative plural)
wlitebeorhtan (feminine nominative plural)
wlitebeorhtan (neuter nominative plural)
wlitebeorhtan (accusative masculine plural)
wlitebeorhtan (accusative feminine plural)
wlitebeorhtan (accusative neuter plural)
wlitebeorhtra (genitive masculine plural)
wlitebeorhtena (genitive masculine plural)
wlitebeorhtra (feminine genitive plural)
wlitebeorhtena (feminine genitive plural)
wlitebeorhtra (genitive neuter plural)
wlitebeorhtena (genitive neuter plural)
wlitebeorhtum (dative masculine plural)
wlitebeorhtum (dative feminine plural)
wlitebeorhtum (dative neuter plural)
wlitebeorhtum (instrumental masculine plural)
wlitebeorhtum (feminine instrumental plural)
wlitebeorhtum (instrumental neuter plural)


wlite

wlite (nominative singular)
wlitas (nominative plural)
wlite (accusative singular)
wlitas (accusative plural)
wlites (genitive singular)
wlita (genitive plural)
wlite (dative singular)
wlitum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: wlite
English: lit (confluence with lit, from Old Norse litr)
Scots: lit (confluence with lit, from Old Norse litr)

From Proto-Germanic *wlitiz, *wlituz (“appearance, look, aspect”), from Proto-Indo-European *wel- (“to see”). Cognate with Old Frisian wlite, Old Saxon wliti, Old Norse litr, Gothic 𐍅𐌻𐌹𐍄𐍃 (wlits). Related to wlītan (“to see, look”), wlātian (“to gaze, observe”).


cuþ

From Proto-Germanic *kunþaz. Related to cunnan. Compare Old Saxon kuth and kunnan.


cuþ

ang-adj

cūþ (comparative cūþra, superlative cūþost)

cūþ (canonical)
cūþra (comparative)
cūþost (superlative)
cūþ (masculine nominative singular)
cūþ (feminine nominative singular)
cūþ (neuter nominative singular)
cūþne (accusative masculine singular)
cūþe (accusative feminine singular)
cūþ (accusative neuter singular)
cūþes (genitive masculine singular)
cūþre (feminine genitive singular)
cūþes (genitive neuter singular)
cūþum (dative masculine singular)
cūþre (dative feminine singular)
cūþum (dative neuter singular)
cūþe (instrumental masculine singular)
cūþre (feminine instrumental singular)
cūþe (instrumental neuter singular)
cūþe (masculine nominative plural)
cūþa (feminine nominative plural)
cūþe (feminine nominative plural)
cūþ (neuter nominative plural)
cūþe (accusative masculine plural)
cūþa (accusative feminine plural)
cūþe (accusative feminine plural)
cūþ (accusative neuter plural)
cūþra (genitive masculine plural)
cūþra (feminine genitive plural)
cūþra (genitive neuter plural)
cūþum (dative masculine plural)
cūþum (dative feminine plural)
cūþum (dative neuter plural)
cūþum (instrumental masculine plural)
cūþum (feminine instrumental plural)
cūþum (instrumental neuter plural)
cūþa (masculine nominative singular)
cūþe (feminine nominative singular)
cūþe (neuter nominative singular)
cūþan (accusative masculine singular)
cūþan (accusative feminine singular)
cūþe (accusative neuter singular)
cūþan (genitive masculine singular)
cūþan (feminine genitive singular)
cūþan (genitive neuter singular)
cūþan (dative masculine singular)
cūþan (dative feminine singular)
cūþan (dative neuter singular)
cūþan (instrumental masculine singular)
cūþan (feminine instrumental singular)
cūþan (instrumental neuter singular)
cūþan (masculine nominative plural)
cūþan (feminine nominative plural)
cūþan (neuter nominative plural)
cūþan (accusative masculine plural)
cūþan (accusative feminine plural)
cūþan (accusative neuter plural)
cūþra (genitive masculine plural)
cūþena (genitive masculine plural)
cūþra (feminine genitive plural)
cūþena (feminine genitive plural)
cūþra (genitive neuter plural)
cūþena (genitive neuter plural)
cūþum (dative masculine plural)
cūþum (dative feminine plural)
cūþum (dative neuter plural)
cūþum (instrumental masculine plural)
cūþum (feminine instrumental plural)
cūþum (instrumental neuter plural)

English: couth, could

late 9th century, King Alfred's translation of Saint Augustine's Soliloquies
Wōst þū þonne gyt genōh be Gode, gyf hē þē byð cūð swā þē is nū þes mōnan færeld — on hwilcum tungle he nū is, oððe on hwilce hē þanon gēð?

Then wouldst thou know enough about God, if He should be as well known to thee as the motion of the moon—in what constellation it now is, or into which it is going next?

c. 992, Ælfric, "For Palm Sunday"
Þam folce wearð cūð þæt se Hælend arærde lytle ær Lazarum of deaðe, seðe læg stincende feower niht on byrgene: þa comon þa togeanes Criste þe geleaffulle wæron, mid þam wurðmynte, swa we ær cwædon.

It was known to the people that Christ a little before had raised Lazarus from death, who had lain stinking four nights in the grave: then those, who were believing, came to meet Christ with the honours which we have already mentioned.


sceaft

sċeaft (canonical masculine)
sċeaft (nominative singular)
sċeaftas (nominative plural)
sċeaft (accusative singular)
sċeaftas (accusative plural)
sċeaftes (genitive singular)
sċeafta (genitive plural)
sċeafte (dative singular)
sċeaftum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: schaft, scæft, scaft, shaft, sschaft, scheft, sheft, shafft, schafft, chafte, saft, shaffet, schafte, shafte
English: shaft
Scots: schaft, shaft

From Proto-West Germanic *skaft, from Proto-Germanic *skaftaz, from Proto-Indo-European *skeh₂p- (“rod, shaft, staff, club”), potentially from a root *(s)ke(H)p- (“to strike, beat”). Cognate with Old Norse skapt.


sceaft

sċeaft (canonical feminine)
sċeafta (nominative plural)
sċeaft (nominative singular)
sċeafte (nominative plural)
sċeafta (nominative plural)
sċeaft (accusative singular)
sċeafte (accusative singular)
sċeafte (accusative plural)
sċeafta (accusative plural)
sċeafte (genitive singular)
sċeafta (genitive plural)
sċeafte (dative singular)
sċeaftum (dative plural)

desc

Middle English: schaft, schafte, shaft, shapte


earfoþe

earfoþu (nominative plural)
earfoþe (nominative singular)
earfoþu (nominative plural)
earfoþe (accusative singular)
earfoþu (accusative plural)
earfoþes (genitive singular)
earfoþa (genitive plural)
earfoþe (dative singular)
earfoþum (dative plural)

From Proto-West Germanic *arbaiþi, from Proto-Germanic *arbaidiz (“hardship”), from a verb *arbijaną, *arbāną (“be orphaned”).
Compare Old English ierfa. See also Proto-Indo-European *h₃órbʰos, whence Ancient Greek ὀρφανός (orphanós), Latin orbus, Old Church Slavonic рабъ (rabŭ, “slave”). Cognate with Old Frisian arbēd, Old Saxon arƀed, arvēd, Old Dutch arbeit (Dutch arbeid), Old High German arbeit (German Arbeit (“work, labour”)), Old Norse erfiði (Swedish arvode (“salary”)), Gothic 𐌰𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌸𐍃 (arbaiþs).

cog

Swā cwæð eardstapa, · earfeþa ġemyndiġ,
wrāþra wælsleahta, · winemǣga hryre:

So said an earth-stepper, mindful of hardships,
of wrathful slaughters, of kinsmen fall:


earfoþe

ang-adj

earfoþe (comparative earfoþra, superlative earfoþost or earfoþest)

earfoþra (comparative)
earfoþost (superlative)
earfoþest (superlative)
earfoþe (masculine nominative singular)
earfoþu (feminine nominative singular)
earfoþo (feminine nominative singular)
earfoþe (neuter nominative singular)
earfoþne (accusative masculine singular)
earfoþe (accusative feminine singular)
earfoþe (accusative neuter singular)
earfoþes (genitive masculine singular)
earfoþre (feminine genitive singular)
earfoþes (genitive neuter singular)
earfoþum (dative masculine singular)
earfoþre (dative feminine singular)
earfoþum (dative neuter singular)
earfoþe (instrumental masculine singular)
earfoþre (feminine instrumental singular)
earfoþe (instrumental neuter singular)
earfoþe (masculine nominative plural)
earfoþa (feminine nominative plural)
earfoþe (feminine nominative plural)
earfoþu (neuter nominative plural)
earfoþo (neuter nominative plural)
earfoþe (accusative masculine plural)
earfoþa (accusative feminine plural)
earfoþe (accusative feminine plural)
earfoþu (accusative neuter plural)
earfoþo (accusative neuter plural)
earfoþra (genitive masculine plural)
earfoþra (feminine genitive plural)
earfoþra (genitive neuter plural)
earfoþum (dative masculine plural)
earfoþum (dative feminine plural)
earfoþum (dative neuter plural)
earfoþum (instrumental masculine plural)
earfoþum (feminine instrumental plural)
earfoþum (instrumental neuter plural)
earfoþa (masculine nominative singular)
earfoþe (feminine nominative singular)
earfoþe (neuter nominative singular)
earfoþan (accusative masculine singular)
earfoþan (accusative feminine singular)
earfoþe (accusative neuter singular)
earfoþan (genitive masculine singular)
earfoþan (feminine genitive singular)
earfoþan (genitive neuter singular)
earfoþan (dative masculine singular)
earfoþan (dative feminine singular)
earfoþan (dative neuter singular)
earfoþan (instrumental masculine singular)
earfoþan (feminine instrumental singular)
earfoþan (instrumental neuter singular)
earfoþan (masculine nominative plural)
earfoþan (feminine nominative plural)
earfoþan (neuter nominative plural)
earfoþan (accusative masculine plural)
earfoþan (accusative feminine plural)
earfoþan (accusative neuter plural)
earfoþra (genitive masculine plural)
earfoþena (genitive masculine plural)
earfoþra (feminine genitive plural)
earfoþena (feminine genitive plural)
earfoþra (genitive neuter plural)
earfoþena (genitive neuter plural)
earfoþum (dative masculine plural)
earfoþum (dative feminine plural)
earfoþum (dative neuter plural)
earfoþum (instrumental masculine plural)
earfoþum (feminine instrumental plural)
earfoþum (instrumental neuter plural)

Middle English: arveð

c. 992, Ælfric, "The Assumption of St. John the Apostle"
Iohannes þa gegaderode ðæra gymstana bricas, and beseah to heofonum, þus cweðende, "Drihten Hælend, nis ðe nan ðing earfoðe; þu ge-edstaðelodest ðisne tobrocenan middangeard on þinum geleaffullum, þurh tácen þære halgan rode; ge-edstaðela nu þas deorwurðan gymstanas, ðurh ðinra engla handa, þæt ðas nytenan menn þine mihta oncnāwon, and on þe gelyfon."

John then gathered the fragments of the jewels, and looked to heaven, thus saying, "Lord Jesus, to thee nothing is difficult; thou didst restore this crushed world for thy faithful, through sign of the holy rood; restore now these precious gems, by thy angels' hands, that these ignorant men may acknowledge thy powers, and in thee believe."


reccan

reċċan (canonical)
reċċan (infinitive)
reċċenne (infinitive)
reċċe (first-person present singular)
reahte (first-person past singular)
rehte (first-person past singular)
reċest (present second-person singular)
reahtest (past second-person singular)
rehtest (past second-person singular)
reċeþ (present singular third-person)
reahte (past singular third-person)
rehte (past singular third-person)
reċċaþ (plural present)
reahton (past plural)
rehton (past plural)
reċċe (present singular)
reahte (past singular)
rehte (past singular)
reċċen (plural present)
reahten (past plural)
rehten (past plural)
reċe (imperative past present singular)
reċċaþ (imperative past plural present)
reċċende (imperative present)
reaht (imperative past)
ġereaht (imperative past)
reht (imperative past)
ġereht (imperative past)

English: retch, rack (rack one's brains)

late 9th century, King Alfred's translation of Saint Augustine's Soliloquies
Swīðe endebyrdlīce þū hyt recst.

You explain it in a very orderly fashion.


reccan

reċċan (canonical)
reċċan (infinitive)
reċċenne (infinitive)
reċċe (first-person present singular)
rōhte (first-person past singular)
reċċest (present second-person singular)
recst (present second-person singular)
rōhtest (past second-person singular)
reċċeþ (present singular third-person)
recþ (present singular third-person)
rōhte (past singular third-person)
reċċaþ (plural present)
rōhton (past plural)
reċċe (present singular)
rōhte (past singular)
reċċen (plural present)
rōhten (past plural)
reċċ (imperative past present singular)
reċċaþ (imperative past plural present)
reċċende (imperative present)
rōht (imperative past)
ġerōht (imperative past)


miere

mīere (canonical feminine)
mīere (nominative singular)
mīeran (nominative plural)
mīeran (accusative singular)
mīeran (accusative plural)
mīeran (genitive singular)
mīerena (genitive plural)
mīeran (dative singular)
mīerum (dative plural)

Middle English: mere, mare

English: mare

Scots: meir, mere, mear

From Proto-West Germanic *marhijā, from Proto-Germanic *marhijō.


miere

Middle English: mire, myre

English: mire

⇒ Middle English: pisse-mire

English: pismire

⇒ English: antmire

From Proto-West Germanic *miurijā (“ant”).


fruma

fruman (nominative plural)
fruma (nominative singular)
fruman (nominative plural)
fruman (accusative singular)
fruman (accusative plural)
fruman (genitive singular)
frumena (genitive plural)
fruman (dative singular)
frumum (dative plural)

Middle English: frume, frome

From Proto-Germanic *frumô, from the stem *fur-, *fr- (Old English for, for-) + the rarer comparative suffix *-umô. Cognate with Gothic 𐍆𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌰 (fruma), Latin prīmus.

This beginning was terrible for people in the land (...)

Beowulf wæs se fruma egeslíc / léodum on lande (...)

Beowulf
wine Scyldinga / léof landfruma lange áhte
friend of the Scyldings / beloved ruler of the land had ruled for a long time
Ðá wæs gyldenhilt gamelum rince / hárum hildfruman on hand gyfen / enta aérgeweorc

Then was the golden hilt to the old king / the old battle-leader given into his hand / the ancient work of giants

prince, king, chief, ruler. Often used in compounds


hlud

hlūd (canonical)
hlūdast (superlative)
hlūd (masculine nominative singular)
hlūd (feminine nominative singular)
hlūd (neuter nominative singular)
hlūdne (accusative masculine singular)
hlūde (accusative feminine singular)
hlūd (accusative neuter singular)
hlūdes (genitive masculine singular)
hlūdre (feminine genitive singular)
hlūdes (genitive neuter singular)
hlūdum (dative masculine singular)
hlūdre (dative feminine singular)
hlūdum (dative neuter singular)
hlūde (instrumental masculine singular)
hlūdre (feminine instrumental singular)
hlūde (instrumental neuter singular)
hlūde (masculine nominative plural)
hlūda (feminine nominative plural)
hlūde (feminine nominative plural)
hlūd (neuter nominative plural)
hlūde (accusative masculine plural)
hlūda (accusative feminine plural)
hlūde (accusative feminine plural)
hlūd (accusative neuter plural)
hlūdra (genitive masculine plural)
hlūdra (feminine genitive plural)
hlūdra (genitive neuter plural)
hlūdum (dative masculine plural)
hlūdum (dative feminine plural)
hlūdum (dative neuter plural)
hlūdum (instrumental masculine plural)
hlūdum (feminine instrumental plural)
hlūdum (instrumental neuter plural)
hlūda (masculine nominative singular)
hlūde (feminine nominative singular)
hlūde (neuter nominative singular)
hlūdan (accusative masculine singular)
hlūdan (accusative feminine singular)
hlūde (accusative neuter singular)
hlūdan (genitive masculine singular)
hlūdan (feminine genitive singular)
hlūdan (genitive neuter singular)
hlūdan (dative masculine singular)
hlūdan (dative feminine singular)
hlūdan (dative neuter singular)
hlūdan (instrumental masculine singular)
hlūdan (feminine instrumental singular)
hlūdan (instrumental neuter singular)
hlūdan (masculine nominative plural)
hlūdan (feminine nominative plural)
hlūdan (neuter nominative plural)
hlūdan (accusative masculine plural)
hlūdan (accusative feminine plural)
hlūdan (accusative neuter plural)
hlūdra (genitive masculine plural)
hlūdena (genitive masculine plural)
hlūdra (feminine genitive plural)
hlūdena (feminine genitive plural)
hlūdra (genitive neuter plural)
hlūdena (genitive neuter plural)
hlūdum (dative masculine plural)
hlūdum (dative feminine plural)
hlūdum (dative neuter plural)
hlūdum (instrumental masculine plural)
hlūdum (feminine instrumental plural)
hlūdum (instrumental neuter plural)

desctree

Middle English: loud, loude, lowd, lowde, lud
English: loud
Scots: loud, lood

From Proto-West Germanic *hlūd (“loud, famous”).


bebugan

bebūgan (canonical)
bebūgan (infinitive)
bebūgenne (infinitive)
bebūge (first-person present singular)
bebēag (first-person past singular)
bebēah (first-person past singular)
bebȳġst (present second-person singular)
bebuge (past second-person singular)
bebȳġþ (present singular third-person)
bebēag (past singular third-person)
bebēah (past singular third-person)
bebūgaþ (plural present)
bebugon (past plural)
bebūge (present singular)
bebuge (past singular)
bebūgen (plural present)
bebugen (past plural)
bebūg (imperative past present singular)
bebūh (imperative past present singular)
bebūgaþ (imperative past plural present)
bebūgende (imperative present)
bebogen (imperative past)


landbuend

landbūend (canonical masculine)
landbūend (nominative singular)
landbūend (nominative plural)
landbūende (nominative plural)
landbūendas (nominative plural)
landbūend (accusative singular)
landbūend (accusative plural)
landbūende (accusative plural)
landbūendas (accusative plural)
landbūendes (genitive singular)
landbūendra (genitive plural)
landbūende (dative singular)
landbūendum (dative plural)


gefrætwian

ġefrætwian (canonical)
ġefrætwian (infinitive)
ġefrætwienne (infinitive)
ġefrætwiġe (first-person present singular)
ġefrætwode (first-person past singular)
ġefrætwast (present second-person singular)
ġefrætwodest (past second-person singular)
ġefrætwaþ (present singular third-person)
ġefrætwode (past singular third-person)
ġefrætwiaþ (plural present)
ġefrætwodon (past plural)
ġefrætwiġe (present singular)
ġefrætwode (past singular)
ġefrætwiġen (plural present)
ġefrætwoden (past plural)
ġefrætwa (imperative past present singular)
ġefrætwiaþ (imperative past plural present)
ġefrætwiende (imperative present)
ġefrætwod (imperative past)


leoma

lēoma (canonical masculine)
lēoma (nominative singular)
lēoman (nominative plural)
lēoman (accusative singular)
lēoman (accusative plural)
lēoman (genitive singular)
lēomena (genitive plural)
lēoman (dative singular)
lēomum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: leme, leem, lem, leom, lewme, lume, lym, lyme, leame, leome, lome (Early Middle English)
English: leam
Scots: leim, leme

From Proto-West Germanic *leuhmō, from Proto-Germanic *leuhmô, from Proto-Indo-European *lewk-mon-, which is derived from Proto-Indo-European *lewk-. Cognate with Old Saxon liomo, Old Norse ljómi (Icelandic ljómi).


settan

settan (infinitive)
settenne (infinitive)
sette (first-person present singular)
sette (first-person past singular)
setst (present second-person singular)
settest (past second-person singular)
sett (present singular third-person)
set (present singular third-person)
sette (past singular third-person)
settaþ (plural present)
setton (past plural)
sette (present singular)
sette (past singular)
setten (plural present)
setten (past plural)
sete (imperative past present singular)
settaþ (imperative past plural present)
settende (imperative present)
seted (imperative past)
ġeseted (imperative past)
sett (imperative past)
ġesett (imperative past)
set (imperative past)
ġeset (imperative past)

Middle English: setten, cetten, settan, settæn, sætten, seit, sette, sete, zetten, zete (Kent)
English: set
Scots: sett, set
Yola: zet, set

From Proto-West Germanic *sattjan.
Cognates
Cognate with Old Saxon settian (Dutch zetten), Old High German sezzen (German setzen), Old Norse setja (Swedish sätta), Gothic 𐍃𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽 (satjan). Compare Old English sittan.

Setton sǣmēþe / sīde sċyldas
 rondas reġnhearde / wið þæs reċedes weal.

Sea-weary they set / their wide shields
 round and very strong / against the hall's wall.


sceatt

sċeatt (canonical masculine)
sċeatt (nominative singular)
sċeattas (nominative plural)
sċeatt (accusative singular)
sċeattas (accusative plural)
sċeattes (genitive singular)
sċeatta (genitive plural)
sċeatte (dative singular)
sċeattum (dative plural)

Middle English: schat, sat, schet, scet
→ Medieval Latin: scata, sceatta

→ English: sceat

From Proto-West Germanic *skatt (“cattle, treasure”).

inh

late 10th century, Ælfric, Lives of Saints
Ne sċeall nān godes þeġn for sċeattum riht dēman, ac healdan þone dōm ġif godes man sȳ...

Nor shall one of God's servants decide a law for wealth, but maintain the judgement if he is a man of God...


sigehreþig

siġehrēþiġ (canonical)
siġehrēþiġ (masculine nominative singular)
siġehrēþiġu (feminine nominative singular)
siġehrēþġu (feminine nominative singular)
siġehrēþiġo (feminine nominative singular)
siġehrēþġo (feminine nominative singular)
siġehrēþiġ (neuter nominative singular)
siġehrēþiġne (accusative masculine singular)
siġehrēþiġe (accusative feminine singular)
siġehrēþġe (accusative feminine singular)
siġehrēþiġ (accusative neuter singular)
siġehrēþiġes (genitive masculine singular)
siġehrēþġes (genitive masculine singular)
siġehrēþiġre (feminine genitive singular)
siġehrēþiġes (genitive neuter singular)
siġehrēþġes (genitive neuter singular)
siġehrēþiġum (dative masculine singular)
siġehrēþġum (dative masculine singular)
siġehrēþiġre (dative feminine singular)
siġehrēþiġum (dative neuter singular)
siġehrēþġum (dative neuter singular)
siġehrēþiġe (instrumental masculine singular)
siġehrēþġe (instrumental masculine singular)
siġehrēþiġre (feminine instrumental singular)
siġehrēþiġe (instrumental neuter singular)
siġehrēþġe (instrumental neuter singular)
siġehrēþiġe (masculine nominative plural)
siġehrēþġe (masculine nominative plural)
siġehrēþiġa (feminine nominative plural)
siġehrēþġa (feminine nominative plural)
siġehrēþiġe (feminine nominative plural)
siġehrēþġe (feminine nominative plural)
siġehrēþiġu (neuter nominative plural)
siġehrēþġu (neuter nominative plural)
siġehrēþiġo (neuter nominative plural)
siġehrēþġo (neuter nominative plural)
siġehrēþiġe (accusative masculine plural)
siġehrēþġe (accusative masculine plural)
siġehrēþiġa (accusative feminine plural)
siġehrēþġa (accusative feminine plural)
siġehrēþiġe (accusative feminine plural)
siġehrēþġe (accusative feminine plural)
siġehrēþiġu (accusative neuter plural)
siġehrēþġu (accusative neuter plural)
siġehrēþiġo (accusative neuter plural)
siġehrēþġo (accusative neuter plural)
siġehrēþiġra (genitive masculine plural)
siġehrēþiġra (feminine genitive plural)
siġehrēþiġra (genitive neuter plural)
siġehrēþiġum (dative masculine plural)
siġehrēþġum (dative masculine plural)
siġehrēþiġum (dative feminine plural)
siġehrēþġum (dative feminine plural)
siġehrēþiġum (dative neuter plural)
siġehrēþġum (dative neuter plural)
siġehrēþiġum (instrumental masculine plural)
siġehrēþġum (instrumental masculine plural)
siġehrēþiġum (feminine instrumental plural)
siġehrēþġum (feminine instrumental plural)
siġehrēþiġum (instrumental neuter plural)
siġehrēþġum (instrumental neuter plural)
siġehrēþiġa (masculine nominative singular)
siġehrēþġa (masculine nominative singular)
siġehrēþiġe (feminine nominative singular)
siġehrēþġe (feminine nominative singular)
siġehrēþiġe (neuter nominative singular)
siġehrēþġe (neuter nominative singular)
siġehrēþiġan (accusative masculine singular)
siġehrēþġan (accusative masculine singular)
siġehrēþiġan (accusative feminine singular)
siġehrēþġan (accusative feminine singular)
siġehrēþiġe (accusative neuter singular)
siġehrēþġe (accusative neuter singular)
siġehrēþiġan (genitive masculine singular)
siġehrēþġan (genitive masculine singular)
siġehrēþiġan (feminine genitive singular)
siġehrēþġan (feminine genitive singular)
siġehrēþiġan (genitive neuter singular)
siġehrēþġan (genitive neuter singular)
siġehrēþiġan (dative masculine singular)
siġehrēþġan (dative masculine singular)
siġehrēþiġan (dative feminine singular)
siġehrēþġan (dative feminine singular)
siġehrēþiġan (dative neuter singular)
siġehrēþġan (dative neuter singular)
siġehrēþiġan (instrumental masculine singular)
siġehrēþġan (instrumental masculine singular)
siġehrēþiġan (feminine instrumental singular)
siġehrēþġan (feminine instrumental singular)
siġehrēþiġan (instrumental neuter singular)
siġehrēþġan (instrumental neuter singular)
siġehrēþiġan (masculine nominative plural)
siġehrēþġan (masculine nominative plural)
siġehrēþiġan (feminine nominative plural)
siġehrēþġan (feminine nominative plural)
siġehrēþiġan (neuter nominative plural)
siġehrēþġan (neuter nominative plural)
siġehrēþiġan (accusative masculine plural)
siġehrēþġan (accusative masculine plural)
siġehrēþiġan (accusative feminine plural)
siġehrēþġan (accusative feminine plural)
siġehrēþiġan (accusative neuter plural)
siġehrēþġan (accusative neuter plural)
siġehrēþiġra (genitive masculine plural)
siġehrēþiġena (genitive masculine plural)
siġehrēþġena (genitive masculine plural)
siġehrēþiġra (feminine genitive plural)
siġehrēþiġena (feminine genitive plural)
siġehrēþġena (feminine genitive plural)
siġehrēþiġra (genitive neuter plural)
siġehrēþiġena (genitive neuter plural)
siġehrēþġena (genitive neuter plural)
siġehrēþiġum (dative masculine plural)
siġehrēþġum (dative masculine plural)
siġehrēþiġum (dative feminine plural)
siġehrēþġum (dative feminine plural)
siġehrēþiġum (dative neuter plural)
siġehrēþġum (dative neuter plural)
siġehrēþiġum (instrumental masculine plural)
siġehrēþġum (instrumental masculine plural)
siġehrēþiġum (feminine instrumental plural)
siġehrēþġum (feminine instrumental plural)
siġehrēþiġum (instrumental neuter plural)
siġehrēþġum (instrumental neuter plural)


folde

foldan (nominative plural)
folde (nominative singular)
foldan (nominative plural)
foldan (accusative singular)
foldan (accusative plural)
foldan (genitive singular)
foldena (genitive plural)
foldan (dative singular)
foldum (dative plural)

Middle English: folde, fold

Scots: fold

From Proto-Germanic *fuldǭ, *fuldō. Cognate with Old Saxon folda, Old Norse fold.

Warað hine wræclāst, · nales wunden gold,
ferðloca frēoriġ, · nalæs foldan blǣd.

His path of exile not at all hold twisted gold,
the cold spirit, not at all earth's glory.


dryhtguma

head

dryhtguma m (nominative plural dryhtguman)


dryht

dryht f (nominative plural dryhte or dryhta)

dryhte (nominative plural)
dryhta (nominative plural)
dryht (nominative singular)
dryhte (nominative plural)
dryhta (nominative plural)
dryht (accusative singular)
dryhte (accusative singular)
dryhte (accusative plural)
dryhta (accusative plural)
dryhte (genitive singular)
dryhta (genitive plural)
dryhte (dative singular)
dryhtum (dative plural)


morberige

mōrberiġe (canonical feminine)
mōrberiġe (nominative singular)
mōrberiġan (nominative plural)
mōrberiġan (accusative singular)
mōrberiġan (accusative plural)
mōrberiġan (genitive singular)
mōrberiġena (genitive plural)
mōrberiġan (dative singular)
mōrberiġum (dative plural)


cynn

cynn (nominative singular)
cynn (nominative plural)
cynn (accusative singular)
cynn (accusative plural)
cynnes (genitive singular)
cynna (genitive plural)
cynne (dative singular)
cynnum (dative plural)

Middle English: kin, kyn, ken, kun

English: kin

Scots: kin

From Proto-West Germanic *kuni, from Proto-Germanic *kunją.
Cognate with Old Frisian kin, Old Saxon kunni, Old Dutch *kunni, Old High German kunni, Old Norse kyn, Gothic 𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌹 (kuni). The Indo-European root is also the source of Ancient Greek γένος (génos), Latin genus.

c. 992, Ælfric, "The Nativity of St. John the Baptist"
Twā forhæfdnesse cynn sind. Ān is līchamlīċ, ōðer gāstlīċ.

There are two kinds of restraint. One is physical, the other spiritual.

Hǣðensċipe biþ þæt man dēofolġield weorðiġe, þæt is þæt man weorðiġe hǣðenu godu and sunnan oþþe mōnan, fȳr oþþe flōd, wæterwiellas oþþe stānas oþþe ǣniġes cynnes wudutreowu, oþþe wiċċecræft lufiġe oþþe morðweorc ġefremme on ǣniġe wīsan, oþþe on blōte oþþe frihte, oþþe swelcra gedwimera ǣniġ þing drēoge.

c. 1021, Wulfstan, Winchester Code of Cnut, article 5.1:

Worshiping idols is a kind of paganism, whether one worships heathen gods and the sun or the moon, or fire or flood, or wells or stones or any kind of forest trees, or if one loves witchcraft or commits murder in any way, either by sacrifice or by divination, or takes any part in similar delusions.

c. 995, Ælfric, Extracts on Grammar in English
Tigris is ān ēa and ānes cynnes dēor.

Tigris [Latin for "tiger"] is a river and a species of animal.

late 9th century, translation of Orosius' History Against the Pagans
Be þām hringum man meahte witan hwæt Rōmāna duguþe ġefeallen wæs, for þon þe hit wæs þēaw mid him on þām dagum þæt nān ōðer ne mōste gyldenne hring werian būtan hē æðeles cynnes wǣre.

You could tell by the rings how much of the Roman nobility had fallen, because the custom back then was that no one could wear a gold ring unless they were from a noble family.

c. 995, Ælfric, Extracts on Grammar in English
Is ēac tō witenne þæt naman bēoþ oft ōðres cynnes on Lǣden and ōðres cynnes on Englisċ.

Note also that nouns are often one gender in Latin and another gender in English.


onginnan

onġinnan (canonical)
onġinnan (infinitive)
onġinnenne (infinitive)
onġinne (first-person present singular)
ongann (first-person past singular)
onġinst (present second-person singular)
ongunne (past second-person singular)
onġinþ (present singular third-person)
ongann (past singular third-person)
onġinnaþ (plural present)
ongunnon (past plural)
onġinne (present singular)
ongunne (past singular)
onġinnen (plural present)
ongunnen (past plural)
onġinn (imperative past present singular)
onġinnaþ (imperative past plural present)
onġinnende (imperative present)
ongunnen (imperative past)

From Proto-Germanic *andaginnaną, equivalent to on- + *ginnan, found only with prefixes, from Proto-West Germanic simplex verb *ginnan, from Proto-Germanic *ginnaną (“to make an opening, begin”). Cognate with Old Saxon andginnan, Dutch ontginnen.

der

"The Wife's Lament"
Ongunnon þæt þæs mannes māgas hyċġan þurh dierne ġeþōht þæt hīe tōdǣlden unc.

The person's relatives began to think of a secret plan to separate us.

late 9th century, translation of Orosius’ History Against the Pagans
Ne wēne iċ, cwæð Orosius, nū iċ lang spell hæbbe tō seċġenne, þæt iċ hīe on þisse bēċ ġeendian mæġe, ac iċ ōðre onġinnan sċeal.

I don't think, said Orosius, since I have long stories to tell, I can finish them in this book, so I'll have to start another one.


sige

siġe (canonical masculine)
siġe (nominative singular)
siġas (nominative plural)
siġe (accusative singular)
siġas (accusative plural)
siġes (genitive singular)
siġa (genitive plural)
siġe (dative singular)
siġum (dative plural)

Middle English: sige, siȝe, syȝe, sy

⇒ English: Kelsey (from ċēol + siġe)

From Proto-West Germanic *sigi, from Proto-Germanic *segaz (“victory”).

siġebēacn

banner, emblem of victory, trophy, cross (of Christ)

siġehrēþ

fame gained by victory; confidence or joy of victory


firen

firen (nominative singular)
firena (nominative plural)
firene (nominative plural)
firene (accusative singular)
firena (accusative plural)
firene (accusative plural)
firene (genitive singular)
firena (genitive plural)
firene (dative singular)
firenum (dative plural)

From Proto-West Germanic *firinu. Cognate with Old Frisian firne, Old Saxon firina, Old High German firina, Gothic 𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌰 (fairina).


menn

inflection of mann:
nominative/accusative plural


ceas

ċēas (canonical feminine)
ċēas (nominative singular)
ċēasa (nominative plural)
ċēase (nominative plural)
ċēase (accusative singular)
ċēasa (accusative plural)
ċēase (accusative plural)
ċēase (genitive singular)
ċēasa (genitive plural)
ċēase (dative singular)
ċēasum (dative plural)

Middle English: ches

From Proto-Germanic *kausō (“dispute, litigation”), from Latin causa (“reason, cause, case, dispute, reproach”). Cognate with Old Frisian kāse (“lawsuit, case”), Old High German kōsa (“lawsuit, case”).


cere

cere (nominative singular)
ceras (nominative plural)
cere (accusative singular)
ceras (accusative plural)
ceres (genitive singular)
cera (genitive plural)
cere (dative singular)
cerum (dative plural)


fifelcynn

Fen ond fæsten, fifelcynnes eard. ― Fen and fastness, the land of monsterkind.

(poetic) monsterkind; the race of giants or monsters


fæsten

fæstenu (nominative plural)
fæsten (nominative singular)
fæstenu (nominative plural)
fæsten (accusative singular)
fæstenu (accusative plural)
fæstenes (genitive singular)
fæstena (genitive plural)
fæstene (dative singular)
fæstenum (dative plural)

From Proto-West Germanic *fastunī. Equivalent to fæst + -en.

fortified place: stronghold, fortress, castle


fæhþ

From Proto-West Germanic *faihiþu. Equivalent to fāh + -þ.


gefeon

ġefēon (canonical)
ġefēon (infinitive)
ġefēonne (infinitive)
ġefēo (first-person present singular)
ġefeah (first-person past singular)
ġefiehst (present second-person singular)
ġefǣge (past second-person singular)
ġefiehþ (present singular third-person)
ġefeah (past singular third-person)
ġefēoþ (plural present)
ġefǣgon (past plural)
ġefēo (present singular)
ġefǣge (past singular)
ġefēon (plural present)
ġefǣgen (past plural)
ġefeoh (imperative past present singular)
ġefēoþ (imperative past plural present)
ġefēonde (imperative present)
ġefeġen (imperative past)


gewrecan

ġewrecan (canonical)
ġewrecan (infinitive)
ġewrecenne (infinitive)
ġewrece (first-person present singular)
ġewræc (first-person past singular)
ġewricst (present second-person singular)
ġewrǣce (past second-person singular)
ġewricþ (present singular third-person)
ġewræc (past singular third-person)
ġewrecaþ (plural present)
ġewrǣcon (past plural)
ġewrece (present singular)
ġewrǣce (past singular)
ġewrecen (plural present)
ġewrǣcen (past plural)
ġewrec (imperative past present singular)
ġewrecaþ (imperative past plural present)
ġewrecende (imperative present)
ġewrecen (imperative past)

Middle English: iwreken

From Proto-West Germanic *gawrekan, from Proto-Germanic *gawrekaną. Equivalent to ġe- + wrecan.


fifel

head

fīfel m or n (nominative plural fīfelas or fīfel)

fīfel (canonical masculine neuter)
fīfelas (nominative plural)
fīfel (nominative plural)
fīfel (nominative singular)
fīfelas (nominative plural)
fīfel (accusative singular)
fīfelas (accusative plural)
fīfeles (genitive singular)
fīfela (genitive plural)
fīfele (dative singular)
fīfelum (dative plural)
fīfel (nominative singular)
fīfel (nominative plural)
fīfel (accusative singular)
fīfel (accusative plural)
fīfeles (genitive singular)
fīfela (genitive plural)
fīfele (dative singular)
fīfelum (dative plural)

From Proto-Germanic *fimbulaz and Proto-Germanic *fimfilaz. Cognate with Old Norse fimbul- (“mighty, great”) and Old Norse fífl (“fool, idiot, buffoon”).


fifel

fifel (nominative singular)
fifelas (nominative plural)
fifel (accusative singular)
fifelas (accusative plural)
fifeles (genitive singular)
fifela (genitive plural)
fifele (dative singular)
fifelum (dative plural)


Norþweg

Norþweġ (canonical masculine)
Norþweġ (nominative singular)
Norþwegas (nominative plural)
Norþweġ (accusative singular)
Norþwegas (accusative plural)
Norþweġes (genitive singular)
Norþwega (genitive plural)
Norþweġe (dative singular)
Norþwegum (dative plural)

English: Norway

Originally a calque of Old Norse Norvegr ~ Norðvegr. Equivalent to norþ (“north”) + weġ (“way”).


weardian

weardian (infinitive)
weardienne (infinitive)
weardiġe (first-person present singular)
weardode (first-person past singular)
weardast (present second-person singular)
weardodest (past second-person singular)
weardaþ (present singular third-person)
weardode (past singular third-person)
weardiaþ (plural present)
weardodon (past plural)
weardiġe (present singular)
weardode (past singular)
weardiġen (plural present)
weardoden (past plural)
wearda (imperative past present singular)
weardiaþ (imperative past plural present)
weardiende (imperative present)
weardod (imperative past)
ġeweardod (imperative past)

Middle English: warden

English: ward

From Proto-West Germanic *wardēn, from Proto-Germanic *wardijaną, *wardāną.
Cognate with Old Saxon wardon, Old High German wartēn (German warten (“look after”)), Old Norse varða.


scrifan

sċrīfan (canonical)
sċrīfan (infinitive)
sċrīfenne (infinitive)
sċrīfe (first-person present singular)
sċrāf (first-person past singular)
sċrīfst (present second-person singular)
sċrife (past second-person singular)
sċrīfþ (present singular third-person)
sċrāf (past singular third-person)
sċrīfaþ (plural present)
sċrifon (past plural)
sċrīfe (present singular)
sċrife (past singular)
sċrīfen (plural present)
sċrifen (past plural)
sċrīf (imperative past present singular)
sċrīfaþ (imperative past plural present)
sċrīfende (imperative present)
sċrifen (imperative past)
ġesċrifen (imperative past)

desctree

Middle English: shryven, schriven, shriven, schrifen, schrevyn, schryfen, schryvyn, sriven, shrive, shrife
English: shrive
Scots: schrive

From West Proto-Germanic *skrībaną, a late borrowing from Latin scrībō (“write”). Cognate with Old Frisian skrīva (West Frisian skriuwe), Old Saxon skrīvan, skrīƀan (Low German schrieven), Old Dutch scrīvan (Dutch schrijven), Old High German scrīban (German schreiben).

to prescribe penance or absolution (of a priest)


sawan

sāwan (canonical)
sāwan (infinitive)
sāwenne (infinitive)
sāwe (first-person present singular)
sēow (first-person past singular)
sǣwst (present second-person singular)
sēowe (past second-person singular)
sǣwþ (present singular third-person)
sēow (past singular third-person)
sāwaþ (plural present)
sēowon (past plural)
sāwe (present singular)
sēowe (past singular)
sāwen (plural present)
sēowen (past plural)
sāw (imperative past present singular)
sāwaþ (imperative past plural present)
sāwende (imperative present)
sāwen (imperative past)
ġesāwen (imperative past)

Middle English: sowen

English: sow

Scots: saw

From Proto-West Germanic *sāan (“to sow”).


sorh

sorh (nominative singular)
sorga (nominative plural)
sorġe (nominative plural)
sorġe (accusative singular)
sorga (accusative plural)
sorġe (accusative plural)
sorġe (genitive singular)
sorga (genitive plural)
sorġe (dative singular)
sorgum (dative plural)


gedryht

ġedryht (canonical feminine)
ġedryht (nominative singular)
ġedryhte (nominative plural)
ġedryhta (nominative plural)
ġedryht (accusative singular)
ġedryhte (accusative singular)
ġedryhte (accusative plural)
ġedryhta (accusative plural)
ġedryhte (genitive singular)
ġedryhta (genitive plural)
ġedryhte (dative singular)
ġedryhtum (dative plural)


neosian

nēosian (canonical)
nēosian (infinitive)
nēosienne (infinitive)
nēosiġe (first-person present singular)
nēosode (first-person past singular)
nēosast (present second-person singular)
nēosodest (past second-person singular)
nēosaþ (present singular third-person)
nēosode (past singular third-person)
nēosiaþ (plural present)
nēosodon (past plural)
nēosiġe (present singular)
nēosode (past singular)
nēosiġen (plural present)
nēosoden (past plural)
nēosa (imperative past present singular)
nēosiaþ (imperative past plural present)
nēosiende (imperative present)
nēosod (imperative past)
ġenēosod (imperative past)

From Proto-West Germanic *neusōn, from Proto-Germanic *neusōną, related to Proto-Germanic *niuhsijaną. Cognate with Old Saxon niusōn. Compare also Old English nēosan.


wansælig

wansǣliġ (canonical)
wansǣliġ (masculine nominative singular)
wansǣliġu (feminine nominative singular)
wansǣlġu (feminine nominative singular)
wansǣliġo (feminine nominative singular)
wansǣlġo (feminine nominative singular)
wansǣliġ (neuter nominative singular)
wansǣliġne (accusative masculine singular)
wansǣliġe (accusative feminine singular)
wansǣlġe (accusative feminine singular)
wansǣliġ (accusative neuter singular)
wansǣliġes (genitive masculine singular)
wansǣlġes (genitive masculine singular)
wansǣliġre (feminine genitive singular)
wansǣliġes (genitive neuter singular)
wansǣlġes (genitive neuter singular)
wansǣliġum (dative masculine singular)
wansǣlġum (dative masculine singular)
wansǣliġre (dative feminine singular)
wansǣliġum (dative neuter singular)
wansǣlġum (dative neuter singular)
wansǣliġe (instrumental masculine singular)
wansǣlġe (instrumental masculine singular)
wansǣliġre (feminine instrumental singular)
wansǣliġe (instrumental neuter singular)
wansǣlġe (instrumental neuter singular)
wansǣliġe (masculine nominative plural)
wansǣlġe (masculine nominative plural)
wansǣliġa (feminine nominative plural)
wansǣlġa (feminine nominative plural)
wansǣliġe (feminine nominative plural)
wansǣlġe (feminine nominative plural)
wansǣliġu (neuter nominative plural)
wansǣlġu (neuter nominative plural)
wansǣliġo (neuter nominative plural)
wansǣlġo (neuter nominative plural)
wansǣliġe (accusative masculine plural)
wansǣlġe (accusative masculine plural)
wansǣliġa (accusative feminine plural)
wansǣlġa (accusative feminine plural)
wansǣliġe (accusative feminine plural)
wansǣlġe (accusative feminine plural)
wansǣliġu (accusative neuter plural)
wansǣlġu (accusative neuter plural)
wansǣliġo (accusative neuter plural)
wansǣlġo (accusative neuter plural)
wansǣliġra (genitive masculine plural)
wansǣliġra (feminine genitive plural)
wansǣliġra (genitive neuter plural)
wansǣliġum (dative masculine plural)
wansǣlġum (dative masculine plural)
wansǣliġum (dative feminine plural)
wansǣlġum (dative feminine plural)
wansǣliġum (dative neuter plural)
wansǣlġum (dative neuter plural)
wansǣliġum (instrumental masculine plural)
wansǣlġum (instrumental masculine plural)
wansǣliġum (feminine instrumental plural)
wansǣlġum (feminine instrumental plural)
wansǣliġum (instrumental neuter plural)
wansǣlġum (instrumental neuter plural)
wansǣliġa (masculine nominative singular)
wansǣlġa (masculine nominative singular)
wansǣliġe (feminine nominative singular)
wansǣlġe (feminine nominative singular)
wansǣliġe (neuter nominative singular)
wansǣlġe (neuter nominative singular)
wansǣliġan (accusative masculine singular)
wansǣlġan (accusative masculine singular)
wansǣliġan (accusative feminine singular)
wansǣlġan (accusative feminine singular)
wansǣliġe (accusative neuter singular)
wansǣlġe (accusative neuter singular)
wansǣliġan (genitive masculine singular)
wansǣlġan (genitive masculine singular)
wansǣliġan (feminine genitive singular)
wansǣlġan (feminine genitive singular)
wansǣliġan (genitive neuter singular)
wansǣlġan (genitive neuter singular)
wansǣliġan (dative masculine singular)
wansǣlġan (dative masculine singular)
wansǣliġan (dative feminine singular)
wansǣlġan (dative feminine singular)
wansǣliġan (dative neuter singular)
wansǣlġan (dative neuter singular)
wansǣliġan (instrumental masculine singular)
wansǣlġan (instrumental masculine singular)
wansǣliġan (feminine instrumental singular)
wansǣlġan (feminine instrumental singular)
wansǣliġan (instrumental neuter singular)
wansǣlġan (instrumental neuter singular)
wansǣliġan (masculine nominative plural)
wansǣlġan (masculine nominative plural)
wansǣliġan (feminine nominative plural)
wansǣlġan (feminine nominative plural)
wansǣliġan (neuter nominative plural)
wansǣlġan (neuter nominative plural)
wansǣliġan (accusative masculine plural)
wansǣlġan (accusative masculine plural)
wansǣliġan (accusative feminine plural)
wansǣlġan (accusative feminine plural)
wansǣliġan (accusative neuter plural)
wansǣlġan (accusative neuter plural)
wansǣliġra (genitive masculine plural)
wansǣliġena (genitive masculine plural)
wansǣlġena (genitive masculine plural)
wansǣliġra (feminine genitive plural)
wansǣliġena (feminine genitive plural)
wansǣlġena (feminine genitive plural)
wansǣliġra (genitive neuter plural)
wansǣliġena (genitive neuter plural)
wansǣlġena (genitive neuter plural)
wansǣliġum (dative masculine plural)
wansǣlġum (dative masculine plural)
wansǣliġum (dative feminine plural)
wansǣlġum (dative feminine plural)
wansǣliġum (dative neuter plural)
wansǣlġum (dative neuter plural)
wansǣliġum (instrumental masculine plural)
wansǣlġum (instrumental masculine plural)
wansǣliġum (feminine instrumental plural)
wansǣlġum (feminine instrumental plural)
wansǣliġum (instrumental neuter plural)
wansǣlġum (instrumental neuter plural)


swefan

swefan (infinitive)
swefenne (infinitive)
swefe (first-person present singular)
swæf (first-person past singular)
swifst (present second-person singular)
swǣfe (past second-person singular)
swifþ (present singular third-person)
swæf (past singular third-person)
swefaþ (plural present)
swǣfon (past plural)
swefe (present singular)
swǣfe (past singular)
swefen (plural present)
swǣfen (past plural)
swef (imperative past present singular)
swefaþ (imperative past plural present)
swefende (imperative present)
swefen (imperative past)
ġeswefen (imperative past)

Middle English: sweven

From Proto-West Germanic *swefan, from Proto-Germanic *swefaną. Cognate with Old Norse sofa (Danish sove, Norwegian sove, Swedish sova).


mære

mǣre (canonical neuter)
mǣre (nominative singular)
mǣru (nominative plural)
mǣre (accusative singular)
mǣru (accusative plural)
mǣres (genitive singular)
mǣra (genitive plural)
mǣre (dative singular)
mǣrum (dative plural)

Middle English: mere
English: mere
Yola: pulmere

From Proto-Germanic *mairiją. Cognate with Middle Dutch mēre, Old Norse landamæri (“border-marks between lands”).


mære

ang-adj

mǣre (comparative mǣrra, superlative mǣrost or mǣrest)

mǣre (canonical)
mǣrra (comparative)
mǣrost (superlative)
mǣrest (superlative)
mǣre (masculine nominative singular)
mǣru (feminine nominative singular)
mǣro (feminine nominative singular)
mǣre (neuter nominative singular)
mǣrne (accusative masculine singular)
mǣre (accusative feminine singular)
mǣre (accusative neuter singular)
mǣres (genitive masculine singular)
mǣrre (feminine genitive singular)
mǣres (genitive neuter singular)
mǣrum (dative masculine singular)
mǣrre (dative feminine singular)
mǣrum (dative neuter singular)
mǣre (instrumental masculine singular)
mǣrre (feminine instrumental singular)
mǣre (instrumental neuter singular)
mǣre (masculine nominative plural)
mǣra (feminine nominative plural)
mǣre (feminine nominative plural)
mǣru (neuter nominative plural)
mǣro (neuter nominative plural)
mǣre (accusative masculine plural)
mǣra (accusative feminine plural)
mǣre (accusative feminine plural)
mǣru (accusative neuter plural)
mǣro (accusative neuter plural)
mǣrra (genitive masculine plural)
mǣrra (feminine genitive plural)
mǣrra (genitive neuter plural)
mǣrum (dative masculine plural)
mǣrum (dative feminine plural)
mǣrum (dative neuter plural)
mǣrum (instrumental masculine plural)
mǣrum (feminine instrumental plural)
mǣrum (instrumental neuter plural)
mǣra (masculine nominative singular)
mǣre (feminine nominative singular)
mǣre (neuter nominative singular)
mǣran (accusative masculine singular)
mǣran (accusative feminine singular)
mǣre (accusative neuter singular)
mǣran (genitive masculine singular)
mǣran (feminine genitive singular)
mǣran (genitive neuter singular)
mǣran (dative masculine singular)
mǣran (dative feminine singular)
mǣran (dative neuter singular)
mǣran (instrumental masculine singular)
mǣran (feminine instrumental singular)
mǣran (instrumental neuter singular)
mǣran (masculine nominative plural)
mǣran (feminine nominative plural)
mǣran (neuter nominative plural)
mǣran (accusative masculine plural)
mǣran (accusative feminine plural)
mǣran (accusative neuter plural)
mǣrra (genitive masculine plural)
mǣrena (genitive masculine plural)
mǣrra (feminine genitive plural)
mǣrena (feminine genitive plural)
mǣrra (genitive neuter plural)
mǣrena (genitive neuter plural)
mǣrum (dative masculine plural)
mǣrum (dative feminine plural)
mǣrum (dative neuter plural)
mǣrum (instrumental masculine plural)
mǣrum (feminine instrumental plural)
mǣrum (instrumental neuter plural)

Middle English: mere

English: mere

From Proto-West Germanic *mārī (“famous”).
Cognates
Cognate with Old Saxon māri, Old High German māri, Old Norse mærr. The Proto-Indo-European root is also the source of Ancient Greek -μωρος (-mōros) (in ἐγχεσίμωρος (enkhesímōros, “mighty with the spear”)), Old Irish már (Scottish Gaelic mòr, compare English claymore), Welsh mawr (“big”).
Germanic mār-, mǣr- is also used in Germanic given names, such as Swedish Ingemar, English Aylmer, Italian Ademaro, German Dietmar, French Omer etc. Its Indo-European ancestor is conserved in Old Church Slavonic мѣръ (měrŭ), as in the Russian given name Влади́мир (Vladímir), and in Gaulish given names as Segomārus and Viridomārus.


morþ

morþ (nominative singular)
morþ (nominative plural)
morþ (accusative singular)
morþ (accusative plural)
morþes (genitive singular)
morþa (genitive plural)
morþe (dative singular)
morþum (dative plural)

Middle English: morth, murth

Scots: murth

English: murth

From Proto-West Germanic *morþ, from Proto-Germanic *murþą, from Proto-Indo-European *mr̥tós (“dead”).
Cognate with Old Saxon morð, Dutch moord, Old High German mord (German Mord), Old Norse morð. The Proto-Indo-European root is also the source of Ancient Greek βροτός (brotós, “mortal”) (earlier *μροτός (*mrotós)), Latin mortis (genitive of mors (“death”)), Old Church Slavonic мрѣти (mrěti) (Russian мере́ть (merétʹ)), Lithuanian mirtis (“death”). Compare Old English morþor.

cog

genitive of <i class="Latn mention" lang="la">mors</i> (“death”)


drog

first/third-person singular preterite indicative of dragan


aga

first-person singular present indicative

inflection of āgān:
singular present subjunctive


camb

camb (nominative singular)
cambas (nominative plural)
camb (accusative singular)
cambas (accusative plural)
cambes (genitive singular)
camba (genitive plural)
cambe (dative singular)
cambum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: comb, combe, kombe, camb, kambe, cambe
English: comb
Scots: camb, came, kame, kaim, kem
Yola: cowm, khime

From Proto-West Germanic *kamb, from Proto-Germanic *kambaz.
Cognate with Old Saxon camb, Dutch kam, Old High German chamb (German Kamm), Old Norse kambr (Swedish kam); and with Ancient Greek γόμφος (gómphos, “pin”), Old Armenian ծամեմ (camem, “to chew”), Russian зуб (zub).

Fēnixas habbaþ cambas on hēafde swā pāwan.

Phoenixes have crests on their head like peacocks.


ceorfan

ċeorfan (canonical)
ċeorfan (infinitive)
ċeorfenne (infinitive)
ċeorfe (first-person present singular)
ċearf (first-person past singular)
ċierfst (present second-person singular)
curfe (past second-person singular)
ċierfþ (present singular third-person)
ċearf (past singular third-person)
ċeorfaþ (plural present)
curfon (past plural)
ċeorfe (present singular)
curfe (past singular)
ċeorfen (plural present)
curfen (past plural)
ċeorf (imperative past present singular)
ċeorfaþ (imperative past plural present)
ċeorfende (imperative present)
corfen (imperative past)
ġecorfen (imperative past)

Middle English: cherven

Middle English: kerven, carve, carven, cerven, karven, kerve, kirven, kyrvyn, ceorfan, ceorfæn, keorven (Early Middle English)
English: carve
Scots: cairve, kerve, kerf, carf

From Proto-West Germanic *kerban, from Proto-Germanic *kerbaną.


cnawan

cnāwan (canonical)
cnāwan (infinitive)
cnāwenne (infinitive)
cnāwe (first-person present singular)
cnēow (first-person past singular)
cnǣwst (present second-person singular)
cnēowe (past second-person singular)
cnǣwþ (present singular third-person)
cnēow (past singular third-person)
cnāwaþ (plural present)
cnēowon (past plural)
cnāwe (present singular)
cnēowe (past singular)
cnāwen (plural present)
cnēowen (past plural)
cnāw (imperative past present singular)
cnāwaþ (imperative past plural present)
cnāwende (imperative present)
cnāwen (imperative past)
ġecnāwen (imperative past)

Middle English: knowen, knowe
English: know
Geordie English: knaw
Scots: knaw
Yola: knouth, know

From Proto-West Germanic *knāan. There are Germanic cognates in Old High German -cnāhen, Old Norse kná. From the same Proto-Indo-European source are cennan, cunnan. With gecnāwan, the two words together mean “know”.


nafu

nafu (nominative singular)
nafa (nominative plural)
nafe (nominative plural)
nafe (accusative singular)
nafa (accusative plural)
nafe (accusative plural)
nafe (genitive singular)
nafa (genitive plural)
nafe (dative singular)
nafum (dative plural)

Middle English: nave, nawe, naf, naff, naffe (Northern)
English: nave
Scots: naff

From Proto-Germanic *nabō. Cognate with Middle Dutch nave (Dutch naaf), Old High German naba (German Nabe), West Old Norse nof (Icelandic nöf, Swedish nav).


feallan

feallan (infinitive)
feallenne (infinitive)
fealle (first-person present singular)
fēoll (first-person past singular)
fielst (present second-person singular)
fēolle (past second-person singular)
fielþ (present singular third-person)
fēoll (past singular third-person)
feallaþ (plural present)
fēollon (past plural)
fealle (present singular)
fēolle (past singular)
feallen (plural present)
fēollen (past plural)
feall (imperative past present singular)
feallaþ (imperative past plural present)
feallende (imperative present)
feallen (imperative past)
ġefeallen (imperative past)

Middle English: fallen, fellen
English: fall
Yola: vall, vale, vole

[ˈfæ͜ɑɫ.ɫɑn]

From Proto-West Germanic *fallan. Cognate with Old Frisian falla, Old Saxon fallan, Old Dutch fallan, Old High German fallan, Old Norse falla.

late 10th century, Ælfric, "Saint Sebastian, Martyr"
Hwæt ða nicostratus wearð swiðe afyrht þa ða he þæt wundor ge-seah on his wife gedon and feol adune sona to sebastianes fotum...

Then Nicostratus was greatly afraid, when he saw the miracle wrought on his wife, and straightway fell down at Sebastian's feet,...


feohtan

feohtan (infinitive)
feohtenne (infinitive)
feohte (first-person present singular)
feaht (first-person past singular)
fiehst (present second-person singular)
fiehtst (present second-person singular)
fuhte (past second-person singular)
fieht (present singular third-person)
feaht (past singular third-person)
feohtaþ (plural present)
fuhton (past plural)
feohte (present singular)
fuhte (past singular)
feohten (plural present)
fuhten (past plural)
feoht (imperative past present singular)
feohtaþ (imperative past plural present)
feohtende (imperative present)
fohten (imperative past)
ġefohten (imperative past)

Middle English: fighten, fehten, feghten, feighten, fihhtenn, fiȝten
Scots: fecht, ficht
English: fight

From Proto-West Germanic *fehtan. Cognate with Old Frisian fiuhta, Old Saxon fehtan, Old Dutch fehtan, Old High German fehtan.


hleapan

hlēapan (canonical)
hlēapan (infinitive)
hlēapenne (infinitive)
hlēape (first-person present singular)
hlēop (first-person past singular)
hlīepst (present second-person singular)
hlēope (past second-person singular)
hlīepþ (present singular third-person)
hlēop (past singular third-person)
hlēapaþ (plural present)
hlēopon (past plural)
hlēape (present singular)
hlēope (past singular)
hlēapen (plural present)
hlēopen (past plural)
hlēap (imperative past present singular)
hlēapaþ (imperative past plural present)
hlēapende (imperative present)
hlēapen (imperative past)
ġehlēapen (imperative past)

Middle English: lepen, leapen, leopen, leppen, luppen
English: leap
Scots: lepe, leip, leap
Yola: laupe

[ˈl̥æ͜ɑː.pɑn]

From Proto-West Germanic *hlaupan.
Cognate with Old Frisian hlāpa, Old Saxon hlōpan, Old High German loufan, Old Norse hlaupa, Gothic 𐌿𐍃𐌷𐌻𐌰𐌿𐍀𐌰𐌽 (ushlaupan).

Hlēap ofer þæt ġeat!

late 10th century, Ælfric, "The Beheading of St. John the Baptist"
Hērōdēs swōr þæt hē wolde þǣre hlēapendan dehter forġiefan swā hwæt swā hēo bæd.

Herod swore that he would give the dancing daughter whatever she asked.


sceotan

sċēotan (canonical)
sċēotan (infinitive)
sċēotenne (infinitive)
sċēote (first-person present singular)
sċēat (first-person past singular)
sċīetst (present second-person singular)
sċute (past second-person singular)
sċīett (present singular third-person)
sċīet (present singular third-person)
sċēat (past singular third-person)
sċēotaþ (plural present)
sċuton (past plural)
sċēote (present singular)
sċute (past singular)
sċēoten (plural present)
sċuten (past plural)
sċēot (imperative past present singular)
sċēotaþ (imperative past plural present)
sċēotende (imperative present)
sċoten (imperative past)
ġesċoten (imperative past)

Middle English: shoten, shuten, sheten
English: shoot, skeet
Scots: schute, schuit, schote, schoot, schete
Yola: zhoult

From Proto-West Germanic *skeutan, from Proto-Germanic *skeutaną.
Cognates
Cognate with Old Frisian skiata (West Frisian sjitte), Old Saxon skiotan (Low German scheten), Dutch schieten, Old High German sciozzan (German schießen), Old Norse skjóta (Danish skyde, Swedish skjuta). The Proto-Indo-European root is also the source of Old Church Slavonic искыдати (iskydati), Russian кида́ть (kidátʹ), Lithuanian skudrùs.

(transitive) to push, move quickly, pay (money)

(intransitive) to move quickly, flow, rush, shoot (of pain)


growan

grōwan (canonical)
grōwan (infinitive)
grōwenne (infinitive)
grōwe (first-person present singular)
grēow (first-person past singular)
grēwst (present second-person singular)
grēowe (past second-person singular)
grēwþ (present singular third-person)
grēow (past singular third-person)
grōwaþ (plural present)
grēowon (past plural)
grōwe (present singular)
grēowe (past singular)
grōwen (plural present)
grēowen (past plural)
grōw (imperative past present singular)
grōwaþ (imperative past plural present)
grōwende (imperative present)
grōwen (imperative past)
ġegrōwen (imperative past)

From Proto-West Germanic *grōan, from Proto-Germanic *grōaną (“to grow, become green”), Proto-Indo-European *gʰreh₁- (“to grow, grow green”). Cognate with Old Frisian grōwa (“to grow”), Middle Dutch groeyen, grōyen (“to grow”) (Dutch groeien), Old High German gruoen (“to grow, thrive, flourish”), Old Norse grōa (“to grow, become green”), Old English græs (“grass”), Old English grēne (“green”). More at grass, green.


scufan

sċūfan (canonical)
sċūfan (infinitive)
sċūfenne (infinitive)
sċūfe (first-person present singular)
sċēaf (first-person past singular)
sċȳfst (present second-person singular)
sċufe (past second-person singular)
sċȳfþ (present singular third-person)
sċēaf (past singular third-person)
sċūfaþ (plural present)
sċufon (past plural)
sċūfe (present singular)
sċufe (past singular)
sċūfen (plural present)
sċufen (past plural)
sċūf (imperative past present singular)
sċūfaþ (imperative past plural present)
sċūfende (imperative present)
sċofen (imperative past)
ġesċofen (imperative past)

Middle English: schouven, shoven

English: shove

Scots: shuve

From Proto-West Germanic *skeuban, from Proto-Germanic *skeubaną, from Proto-Indo-European *skewbʰ-.
Cognate with Old Frisian skūva (West Frisian skowe), Middle Low German schūven (Low German schuven), Middle Dutch scūven (Dutch schuiven), Old High German skioban, sciopan (German schieben), Old Norse skúfa (Faroese skúgva, Danish skubbe, Swedish skuffa), Gothic 𐌰𐍆𐍃𐌺𐌹𐌿𐌱𐌰𐌽 (afskiuban).

"Gospel of Saint Luke", chapter 4, verse 29

And they rose up and thrust him out of the city, and they brought him to the brow of the hill whereon their city was built, that they might shove him down headlong.

And hiġ ārīson and scūfon hine of ðǣre ceastre, and lǣddon hine ofer ðæs muntes cnæpp, ofer þone hyra buruh ġetimbrud wæs, þ hī hyne nyðer bescūfon.


swerian

swerian (infinitive)
swerienne (infinitive)
swerie (first-person present singular)
swōr (first-person past singular)
swerest (present second-person singular)
swōre (past second-person singular)
swereþ (present singular third-person)
swōr (past singular third-person)
sweriaþ (plural present)
swōron (past plural)
swerie (present singular)
swōre (past singular)
swerien (plural present)
swōren (past plural)
swere (imperative past present singular)
sweriaþ (imperative past plural present)
sweriende (imperative present)
sworen (imperative past)
ġesworen (imperative past)

Middle English: swerien, sweren

English: swear

Scots: swer, swere, sweir

From Proto-West Germanic *swarjan, from Proto-Germanic *swarjaną, from Proto-Indo-European *swer- (“to protect, to guard”).


scieran

sċieran (canonical)
sċieran (infinitive)
sċierenne (infinitive)
sċiere (first-person present singular)
sċear (first-person past singular)
sċierest (present second-person singular)
sċierst (present second-person singular)
sċēare (past second-person singular)
sċiereþ (present singular third-person)
sċierþ (present singular third-person)
sċear (past singular third-person)
sċieraþ (plural present)
sċēaron (past plural)
sċiere (present singular)
sċēare (past singular)
sċieren (plural present)
sċēaren (past plural)
sċier (imperative past present singular)
sċieraþ (imperative past plural present)
sċierende (imperative present)
sċoren (imperative past)
ġesċoren (imperative past)

desctree

Middle English: scheren, schæren, schere, scheryn, shere, sheren, ssere
English: shear
Scots: shear
Yola: shaure (preterite)

From Proto-West Germanic *skeran, from Proto-Germanic *skeraną, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker-.
Cognate with Old Frisian skera, Old Saxon skeran, Dutch scheren, Old High German skeran, Old Norse skera. The Indo-European root is also the source of Ancient Greek κείρω (keírō, “I cut off”), Latin carō (“flesh”), Lithuanian skìrti (“separate”), Old Irish scaraim (“separate”).

cog

late 10th century, Ælfric, the Old English Hexateuch, Leviticus 19:27

And don't cut your hair or shave your beards.

Ne ġē ēow ne efesiġen ne beard ne sċieren.

unknown date, monastic sign language guide
Strāca on þīn lēor swelċe þū sċieran wille.

Run your two fingers along your cheek like you want to shave.

c. 897, King Alfred's translation of Pope Gregory's Pastoral Care
Þā sacerdas ne sċoldon nā heora hēafdu sċieran mid sċearseaxum ne eft hīe ne sċulon heora loccas lǣtan weaxan, ac hīe sċoldon hīe efesian mid sċēarum.

The priests weren't supposed to either shave their heads with razors or let their hair grow out, they were supposed to cut their hair with scissors.

c. 996, Ælfric, "The Nativity of the Lord"
Be Cristes þrōwunge cwæþ Īsāias, "Hē is ġelǣded tō sleġe swā swā sċēap, and hē swīgode and his mūþ ne ondyde swā swā lamb dēþ þonne hit man sċiereþ."

Isaiah said about Jesus' suffering, "He's led like a sheep to the slaughter, and he kept silent and shut his mouth like a lamb being sheared."