abit

third-person singular present indicative of ābīdan


abide

first-person singular present indicative

inflection of ābīdan:
singular present subjunctive


abide

second-person singular preterite indicative

inflection of ābīdan:
singular preterite subjunctive


mann

menn (nominative plural)
mann (nominative singular)
menn (nominative plural)
mann (accusative singular)
menn (accusative plural)
mannes (genitive singular)
manna (genitive plural)
menn (dative singular)
mannum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: man, manne, mæn, mon, monne
English: man, -man (see there for further descendants)
Scots: man
Yola: man

From Proto-West Germanic *mann, from Proto-Germanic *mann-. Cognate with Old Frisian mon, Old Saxon mann, Old Dutch man, Old High German man, Old Norse maðr, Gothic 𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌽𐌰 (manna).

endemann

person living at the last age of the world

Man biþ mann þurh ōðre menn.

Wē menn wǣron on wambum ġesmiðode ealdra steorrena.

We humans were forged in the bellies of ancient stars.

c. 995, Ælfric, Extracts on Grammar in English
Ǣġðer is mann ġe wer ġe wīf.

c. 992, Ælfric, "Midlent Sunday"
God ġesċōp æt fruman twēġen menn, wer and wīf.

In the beginning, God created two human beings, a man and a woman.

11th century, anonymous fragment of a Life of Saint Mildred
Wæs hēo swīðe ġemyndgu þæt wē eall of twām mannum cōmon.

She always remembered that we all came from two people.

late 9th century, King Alfred's translation of The Consolation of Philosophy
Þā cwæþ hē, "Wāst þū hwæt mann sīe?" Þā cwæþ iċ, "Iċ wāt þæt hit biþ sāwol and līchama."

Then he said, "Do you know what a person is?" So I said, "I know it's a soul and a body."

"The Wife's Lament"
Ongunnon þæt þæs mannes māgas hyċġan þurh dierne ġeþōht þæt hīe tōdǣlden unc.

The person's relatives began to think of a secret plan to separate us.

c. 990, Wessex Gospels, Matthew 24:38-39

In the days before the flood, people were eating and drinking, marrying and giving in marriage, until the day when Noah entered the ark, and they didn't know until the flood came and took them all.

On þǣm dagum ǣr þǣm flōde wǣron menn etende and drincende, and wīfiġende and ġifte sellende, ōþ þone dæġ þe Nōe on þā earċe ēode, and hīe nysson ǣr sē flōd cōm and nam hīe ealle.

Mann biþ menn wulf.

Þing sind on weorolde þe sē mann nǣfre witan ne sċolde.

There are things in the world man was never meant to know.

late 10th century, Ælfric, translation of Genesis 1:27

c. 992, Ælfric, "Sermon on the Lord's Ascension"
Sē mann hæfþ sum þing ġemǣne mid ealre ġesċeafte.

Man has something in common with all of creation.

(rare or non-literary) man meaning adult male


hund

hund (nominative singular)
hundas (nominative plural)
hund (accusative singular)
hundas (accusative plural)
hundes (genitive singular)
hunda (genitive plural)
hunde (dative singular)
hundum (dative plural)

Middle English: hound, hund, honde

English: hound

Scots: hoond

From Proto-West Germanic *hund.
Germanic cognates include Old Frisian hund, Old Saxon hund, Old Dutch hunt, Old High German hunt, Old Norse hundr, Gothic 𐌷𐌿𐌽𐌳𐍃 (hunds).
Indo-European cognates include Latin canis, Ancient Greek κύων (kúōn), Sanskrit श्वन् (śvan), Old Irish cú, Lithuanian šuõ.

The Dialogues of Solomon and Saturn
Saga mē, hwylc man ǣrest wǣre wið hund sprecende?

Tell me, who was the first man that spake with a dog?

c. 992, Ælfric, "The Saints Alexander, Eventius, and Theodosius"
Þā cwæþ Aureliānus, "Eom iċ hund ġeþūht?

Then Aurelianus said, "Do I look like a dog?"


hund

hund (nominative singular)
hund (nominative plural)
hund (accusative singular)
hund (accusative plural)
hundes (genitive singular)
hunda (genitive plural)
hunde (dative singular)
hundum (dative plural)

Middle English: hund

Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *hund, from Proto-Germanic *hundą, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱm̥tóm. Cognates include Old High German hunt and Gothic 𐌷𐌿𐌽𐌳 (hund), also Latin centum.

inh+

c. 995, Ælfric, Letter to Wulfsige
Þā ġegaderode hē sinoþ on þǣre ċeastre Nīcea, þrēo hund bisċopa and eahtatīene bisċeopas of eallum lēodsċipum, for þæs ġelēafan trymminge.

Then he gathered a synod in the city of Nicaea, three hundred and eighteen bishops from all nations, for the confirmation of the faith.


leap

lēap (canonical masculine)
lēap (nominative singular)
lēapas (nominative plural)
lēap (accusative singular)
lēapas (accusative plural)
lēapes (genitive singular)
lēapa (genitive plural)
lēape (dative singular)
lēapum (dative plural)

Middle English: lep, lepe, leep

English: leap, leep

Scots: leip

⇒ Scots: leipie, lippie

From Proto-West Germanic *laup, from Proto-Germanic *laupaz (“container, basket”), from Proto-Indo-European *lewbʰ-, *lewb- (“to peel, break off, damage”), from Proto-Indo-European *lew-, *lewH- (“to cut, divide, separate, release”). Cognate with Old Frisian lēpen (“vessel, grain measure”), Middle Low German lôp and lö̂pen (“measuring vessel, small bushel, grain measure”), Old Norse laupr (“basket”).


het

first/third-person singular preterite of hātan


fere

first-person singular present indicative of fēran


nu

desctree

Middle English: nou, noue, nu, no, neue, niu, noug, nough, nuge
English: now
Geordie English: noo
Scots: nou, noo
Yola: neow, nowe, now

From Proto-West Germanic *nū, from Proto-Germanic *nu.

Iċ eom nū on þǣre cyċenan.

late 10th century, Ælfric, "On the Passion of the Apostles Peter and Paul"
Nerō cwæþ, "Hwæt is nū, Simōn? Iċ wēne wit sind oferswīðde."

Nero said, "What is it now, Simon? I think we've been defeated."

Iċ wæs nū on þǣre cyċenan.

late 9th century, King Alfred's translation of Boethius' The Consolation of Philosophy
Nū ðū þæt swā openlīce onġiten hæfst, ne þearfe ic nū nauht swīþe ymbe þ swincan þæt ic þē mā be gode recce.

Since thou hast so clearly understood this, I need not now greatly labour in order that I may instruct thee further concerning good;...

late 9th century, King Alfred's translation of Boethius' The Consolation of Philosophy
Þȳ iċ wundriġe hwȳ þū ne mæġe onġietan þæt þū eart nū ġīet swīðe ġesǣliġ, nū þū ġīet leofast and eart hāl.

So I wonder why you can't understand that you're still very lucky, since you're still alive and healthy.

late 10th century, Ælfric, "The Seven Sleepers"
Nu ge þam mærum godum offrian nellað, ne beo ge me næfre heonon-forð swa wurðe ne swa leofe swa ge ær wæron...

Since ye will not offer to the great gods, ye shall never henceforth be to me so worthy nor so dear as ye were before;...


are

āre (canonical)
āre (nominative singular)
āran (nominative plural)
āran (accusative singular)
āran (accusative plural)
āran (genitive singular)
ārena (genitive plural)
āran (dative singular)
ārum (dative plural)


are

dative singular of ār (“messenger, herald; angel; missionary”)


most

second-person singular present indicative of mōtan


os

ōs (canonical masculine)
ōs (nominative singular)
ēse (nominative plural)
ōsa (nominative plural)
ōs (accusative singular)
ōsa (accusative plural)
ōsa (genitive singular)
ēsa (genitive plural)
ōsa (genitive plural)
ēse (dative singular)
ōsa (dative singular)
ōsum (dative plural)

From earliest Old English *ons, from Proto-West Germanic *ansu, from Proto-Germanic *ansuz (“god, deity”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ems- (“engender, beget”). Cognate with Old Norse áss.


Syria

Syria (nominative singular)
Syrian (accusative singular)
Syrian (genitive singular)
Syrian (dative singular)


and

desctree

Middle English: and, annd, ant, an, en, ⁊, &
English: and
Scots: an
Yola: an, an', and

From Proto-Germanic *anda, *andi, probably from Proto-Indo-European *h₂énti (“facing opposite, near, in front of, before”). Compare Old Frisian and, Old Saxon endi, Old High German unti, Old Norse enn.

der

Þonne iċ mec onhebbe ond hī onhnīgaþ tō mē, moniġe mid miltse, þǣr iċ monnum sceal īċan upcyme ēadiġnesse.

When I raise myself up and they bow down to me, many with mercy, then I shall increase rising of happiness for men.


a-

Middle English: a-

English: a-

From an earlier form ar-, from Proto-West Germanic *uʀ-, from Proto-Germanic *uz-. Cognate with Old High German ar-, ir- (German er-).

āniman


winter

winter (nominative singular)
wintras (nominative plural)
winter (accusative singular)
wintras (accusative plural)
wintres (genitive singular)
wintra (genitive plural)
wintre (dative singular)
wintra (dative singular)
wintrum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: winter, wintere, wintre, wynter
English: winter
Scots: winter
Yola: wonter

From earlier *wintr < *wintru, from Proto-Germanic *wintruz. Cognate with Old Frisian winter, Old Saxon wintar, Old Dutch winter, Old High German wintar, Old Norse vetr, Gothic 𐍅𐌹𐌽𐍄𐍂𐌿𐍃 (wintrus).

The Dialogues of Solomon and Saturn
Iċ ðē seċġe lxxx wintra of ðām trēowcynne ðe is nemned Sem.

I tell thee, eighty years, of the wood that is called Sem


is

īs (canonical neuter)
īs (nominative singular)
īs (nominative plural)
īs (accusative singular)
īs (accusative plural)
īses (genitive singular)
īsa (genitive plural)
īse (dative singular)
īsum (dative plural)

Middle English: is, ise, yes, yce, yys, ys, ijs, yse, ysz, hyse, hyys, ice, isse, ysse, yis
English: ice (see there for further descendants)
Scots: ice

From Proto-Germanic *īsą. See there for more.

the Legend of St Andrew
Ofer ēastrēamas īs bryċġode.

The ice formed a bridge over the streams.

The Old English rune poem
ᛁ byþ oferċeald, unġemeted slidor...

Ice is very cold and immeasurably slippery...


is

Middle English: is
English: is
Scots: is
Yola: is, ez

From Proto-West Germanic *ist, from Proto-Germanic *isti (a form of Proto-Germanic *wesaną (“to be”)), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti (“is”).

third-person singular present indicative of wesan


port

port (nominative singular)
portas (nominative plural)
port (accusative singular)
portas (accusative plural)
portes (genitive singular)
porta (genitive plural)
porte (dative singular)
portum (dative plural)

Middle English: port

English: port

Scots: port

Borrowed from Latin portus (“harbour, port, haven, warehouse”).

bor

a port, a haven (a harbor or harbor-town)

late 10th century, Ælfric, "The Seven Sleepers"
...he wolde gan ut of ðam porte...

late 10th century, Ælfric, "The Seven Sleepers"
nu ic wæs of þam rihtan wege mines ingeþances ac betere hit bið þæt ic eft fare ut of þysum porte ðylæs þe ic to swiðe dwelige and for-þy þonne ne cume to minum geferum þe me ær hyder sendon; gewislice ic her ongyten hæbbe þæt me hæfð gelæht fæste mines modes oferstige þæt ic nat na forgeare hu ic hit þus macige.

Now I was in the right way in my inward thought, but better will it be that I go out of this town again lest I be too greatly bewildered, and so may not come to my comrades who erewhile sent me here; certainly I have here perceived that the over anxiety of my mind hath here seized me, so that I know not very certainly why I thus act.

a town, particularly one with special trading privileges


port

Middle English: port

English: port

Scots: port

Borrowed from Latin porta (“gate, entrance, passage, door”).


te

Heom te cwæþ (He said to him)

Ālēfed te habbanne (Allowed to have)


on

Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *ana, from Proto-Germanic *ana.

On þæm huse

late 9th century, translation of Orosius’ History Against the Pagans
...and ðā syndon swȳþe fæġere and lustsumlīce on tō sēonne...

...and those are very beautiful and pleasant to look at...

Early 11th c., Defensor's translation of Liber Scintillarum
...nā besēoh þū on wīfes hiw...

...do not look at a woman's appearance...

+obj

on, in, at, among [with accusative or dative or instrumental]

On midne winter

On þæt hus

Heo awende þa boc on Englisc

onto, into (to express allative motion or a change of state) [with accusative]


on

desctree

Middle English: an, on, one, onne, hon, ane, an (before initial h or vowel), æn (Early Middle English), one, onne, an
English: on
Scots: an, on
Yola: on

(with verbs of taking or depriving) from


ace

inflection of āc:
accusative/genitive/dative singular

inflection of āc:
nominative/accusative plural


ad

ād (canonical masculine)
ād (nominative singular)
ādas (nominative plural)
ād (accusative singular)
ādas (accusative plural)
ādes (genitive singular)
āda (genitive plural)
āde (dative singular)
ādum (dative plural)

Middle English: ād


accent

accent (nominative singular)
accentas (nominative plural)
accent (accusative singular)
accentas (accusative plural)
accentes (genitive singular)
accenta (genitive plural)
accente (dative singular)
accentum (dative plural)


last

lāst (canonical masculine)
lāstas (nominative plural)
lāst (nominative singular)
lāstas (nominative plural)
lāst (accusative singular)
lāstas (accusative plural)
lāstes (genitive singular)
lāsta (genitive plural)
lāste (dative singular)
lāstum (dative plural)

From Proto-West Germanic *laist, along with the feminine variant lǣst.
Cognates
Cognate with Middle Dutch leest (Dutch leest), Old High German leist (German Leist), Old Norse leistr (“foot, sock”) (Swedish läst, Danish læst).


open

open (masculine nominative singular)
open (feminine nominative singular)
open (neuter nominative singular)
openne (accusative masculine singular)
opene (accusative feminine singular)
open (accusative neuter singular)
openes (genitive masculine singular)
openre (feminine genitive singular)
openes (genitive neuter singular)
openum (dative masculine singular)
openre (dative feminine singular)
openum (dative neuter singular)
opene (instrumental masculine singular)
openre (feminine instrumental singular)
opene (instrumental neuter singular)
opene (masculine nominative plural)
opena (feminine nominative plural)
opene (feminine nominative plural)
open (neuter nominative plural)
opene (accusative masculine plural)
opena (accusative feminine plural)
opene (accusative feminine plural)
open (accusative neuter plural)
openra (genitive masculine plural)
openra (feminine genitive plural)
openra (genitive neuter plural)
openum (dative masculine plural)
openum (dative feminine plural)
openum (dative neuter plural)
openum (instrumental masculine plural)
openum (feminine instrumental plural)
openum (instrumental neuter plural)
opena (masculine nominative singular)
opene (feminine nominative singular)
opene (neuter nominative singular)
openan (accusative masculine singular)
openan (accusative feminine singular)
opene (accusative neuter singular)
openan (genitive masculine singular)
openan (feminine genitive singular)
openan (genitive neuter singular)
openan (dative masculine singular)
openan (dative feminine singular)
openan (dative neuter singular)
openan (instrumental masculine singular)
openan (feminine instrumental singular)
openan (instrumental neuter singular)
openan (masculine nominative plural)
openan (feminine nominative plural)
openan (neuter nominative plural)
openan (accusative masculine plural)
openan (accusative feminine plural)
openan (accusative neuter plural)
openra (genitive masculine plural)
openena (genitive masculine plural)
openra (feminine genitive plural)
openena (feminine genitive plural)
openra (genitive neuter plural)
openena (genitive neuter plural)
openum (dative masculine plural)
openum (dative feminine plural)
openum (dative neuter plural)
openum (instrumental masculine plural)
openum (feminine instrumental plural)
openum (instrumental neuter plural)

Middle English: open, opyn, ope

Scots: appen, apen

English: open

From Proto-West Germanic *opan, from Proto-Germanic *upanaz.
Originally a past participle of Proto-Germanic *ūpaną (“to lift up, open”). Related to Old English upp (“up”). Cognate with Old Frisian open, Old Saxon opan, Old High German offan, and Old Norse opinn.

cog

11th century, unknown translator, the Old English Apollonius of Tyre
Þā ġeseah hē ānne nacodne cnapan ġeond þā strǣte rinnan. Sē wæs mid ele ġesmiered and mid sċīetan beġierded, and cleopode mid miċelre stefne and cwæþ, "Ġehīeraþ ġē ċeasterwaran, ġehīeraþ ġē ælþēodiġe, friġe and þēowe, æðele and unæðele: sē bæþstede is open!"

Then he saw a naked boy running through the street. His body was smeared with oil and he was wearing a sheet around his waist, when he called out in a loud voice, "Attention citizens, attention foreigners, free and slave, noble and ignoble: the bathhouse is open!"


market

desctree

Middle English: market, marcat, markat, marked, marketh, markete, markett, markette, markyth, mercatt, merket, merketh, merkett (Late Middle English)
English: market (see there for further descendants)
Middle Scots: market, mercat
Scots: market
Yola: maarkeet, markeat


word

word (nominative plural)
word (nominative singular)
word (nominative plural)
word (accusative singular)
word (accusative plural)
wordes (genitive singular)
worda (genitive plural)
worde (dative singular)
wordum (dative plural)

Middle English: word, wurd, weord

Scots: word, wourd

English: word

From Proto-West Germanic *word, from Proto-Germanic *wurdą.

c. 992, Ælfric, "Sermon on the Nativiity of Our Lord"
Ðyllīce word María hēold ārǣfniġende on hire heortan.

Such words Mary held, pondering them in her heart.


word

Unknown. Perhaps ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *wr̥dʰos (“sweetbriar”). Compare Latin rubus (“bramble”), Persian گل (gol, “flower”).


hell

hell (nominative singular)
hella (nominative plural)
helle (nominative plural)
helle (accusative singular)
hella (accusative plural)
helle (accusative plural)
helle (genitive singular)
hella (genitive plural)
helle (dative singular)
hellum (dative plural)

Middle English: helle, hel, hell, hælle
English: hell, Hell
Scots: hell, Hell

From Proto-West Germanic *hallju, from Proto-Germanic *haljō, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to cover, hide, conceal”).
Compare German hell (“light”).


twig

twiġ (canonical neuter)
twiġ (nominative singular)
twigu (nominative plural)
twiġ (accusative singular)
twigu (accusative plural)
twiġes (genitive singular)
twiga (genitive plural)
twiġe (dative singular)
twigum (dative plural)

Middle English: twig

English: twig


bot

bōt (canonical feminine)
bōte (nominative plural)
bōt (nominative singular)
bōta (nominative plural)
bōte (nominative plural)
bōte (accusative singular)
bōta (accusative plural)
bōte (accusative plural)
bōte (genitive singular)
bōta (genitive plural)
bōte (dative singular)
bōtum (dative plural)

Middle English: bote

English: boot

→ English: bote

Scots: bute, buit

From Proto-West Germanic *bōtu (“recompense”).
Cognates
Cognate with Old Frisian bōte, Old Saxon bōta, Dutch boete, Old High German buoza (German Buße), Old Norse bōt (Swedish bot), Gothic 𐌱𐍉𐍄𐌰 (bōta).

burhbōt

liability for repair of the walls of a town or fortress

bōtlēas

unpardonable, not to be atoned for by bōt

bōtwyrþe

pardonable, that can be atoned for by bōt

dǣdbōt

amends, atonement, repentance, penitence

hādbōt

compensation for injury or insult to a priest

mǣgbōt

compensation paid to the relatives of a murdered man, maegbot

tō bōte

to boot, with advantage, besides, moreover

Byþ hræd bót.

help, assistance, rescue, remedy, cure, deliverance from evil

... and án swulung þǽre cirican to bóte

and an offering to the church for repairs

For bóte his synna

compensation for an injury or wrong; (peace) offering, recompense, amends, atonement, reformation, penance, repentance

Hé tó bóte gehwearf

improvement in (moral) condition, amendment


war

Middle English: wor

English: ware

From Proto-West Germanic *wair, related to *wīraz.


in

Middle English: in

English: in

Scots: in

Forðon dōmġeorne · drēoriġne oft
in hyra brēostcofan · bindað fæste;

Therefore, eager for glory men oft bind tightly in their breast-chambers the sad one.


win

wīn (canonical neuter)
wīn (nominative singular)
wīn (nominative plural)
wīn (accusative singular)
wīn (accusative plural)
wīnes (genitive singular)
wīna (genitive plural)
wīne (dative singular)
wīnum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: wyn, win, wine, wyne, wijn, vine, vyn, vyne, wyen, weyn, wynne
English: wine (see there for further descendants)
Scots: wyne

From Proto-West Germanic *wīn from Latin vīnum.

c. 810, charter of Christ Church Canterbury, Cotton Augustus II, 79, f1r

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

...selle mon... mittan fulne huniges oðða tuegen uuines...


be

late 9th century, King Alfred's translation of Saint Augustine's Soliloquies
Hū be mete? hū swīðe lyst þē þæs?

How about food? How much dost thou desire that?

late 10th century, Ælfric's Lives of Saints
Iċ wāt eall be þām.
I know all about that.

by, in various senses:
based on, according to

late 10th century, Ælfric, "Passion of St.Alban, Martyr"
Eall swa þa unriht-wisan deman þe heora domas awendað, æfre be þam sceattum na be soðfæstnysse and habbað æfre to cepe heora soðfæstnysse, and swa hi sylfe syllað wið sceattum...

So likewise those unrighteous judges who pervert their judgments, always for gain, and not for justice, and always offer their justice for sale, and thus sell themselves for the sake of money,...


can

first/third-person singular preterite indicative of cunnan


six

Middle English: six, cex, sex, zix (Kent)
English: six
Sranan Tongo: siksi
Aukan: siksi
→ Wayana: siksi
Saramaccan: sigisi
Scots: sax, sex, six
Yola: zeese

Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *sehs, from Proto-Germanic *sehs, from Proto-Indo-European *swéḱs.


spring

spring (nominative singular)
springas (nominative plural)
spring (accusative singular)
springas (accusative plural)
springes (genitive singular)
springa (genitive plural)
springe (dative singular)
springum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: spryng, spring, springe, sprung, sprynge
English: spring
Scots: spring

From Proto-West Germanic *spring, from Proto-Germanic *springaz


ate

āte (canonical feminine)
āte (nominative singular)
ātan (nominative plural)
ātan (accusative singular)
ātan (accusative plural)
ātan (genitive singular)
ātena (genitive plural)
ātan (dative singular)
ātum (dative plural)

Middle English: ate, ote

English: oat

Scots: ate, ait, yit


tiger

tigras (nominative plural)
tiger (nominative singular)
tigras (nominative plural)
tiger (accusative singular)
tigras (accusative plural)
tigres (genitive singular)
tigra (genitive plural)
tigre (dative singular)
tigrum (dative plural)

Middle English: tygre, tygur, tygyr, tigre, tiger, teger, tegre (partially from Old French)
English: tiger (see there for further descendants)
Scots: teeger

From Proto-West Germanic *tīgr (“tiger”).


here

herġas (nominative plural)
here (nominative singular)
herġas (nominative plural)
here (accusative singular)
herġas (accusative plural)
herġes (genitive singular)
herġa (genitive plural)
herġe (dative singular)
herġum (dative plural)

Middle English: here

Scots: here, heir, heyr

From Proto-West Germanic *hari, from Proto-Germanic *harjaz, from Proto-Indo-European *ker-.

army, military (especially of the enemy)


sibling

sibling (nominative singular)
siblingas (nominative plural)
sibling (accusative singular)
siblingas (accusative plural)
siblinges (genitive singular)
siblinga (genitive plural)
siblinge (dative singular)
siblingum (dative plural)

→ English: sibling (learned)

tō folces ēacan, and man ne mihte þā æt fruman wīfian būton on his siblingum.

And then at the beginning a man could not take a wife, except for among his relatives.


age

inflection of āgan:
singular present subjunctive


of

Middle English: of

Scots: o

English: of

Hē is of þām ilcan wīċe swā iċ.

Of þām ǣġe crēap ān lȳtel and swīðe hungriġ trēowwyrm.

Out of the egg came a tiny and very hungry caterpillar.

The Life of Saint Margaret
Iċ nylle nān word mā of þīnum mūðe ġehīeran.

I don't want to hear one more word out of your mouth.

late 10th century, Ælfric, On the Seasons of the Year
Swā swā fiscas cwelaþ gif hīe of wætre bēoþ, swā ēac cwileþ ǣlċ eorðliċ līchama gif hē biþ þǣre lyfte bedǣled.

Just as fish die if they're out of the water, every land animal dies if it is deprived of air.

late 10th century, Ælfric, Esther
Sē cyning slīepte his bēag of.

c. 992, Ælfric, "The Nativity of St. John the Baptist"
"Eal his reaf wæs awefen of olfendes hǽrum, his bigleofa wæs stiðlic; ne dranc he wines drenc, ne nanes gemencgedes wætan, ne gebrowenes: ofet hine fedde, and wude-hunig, and oðre waclice ðigena."

"All his garment was woven of camel's hair, his food was coarse; he drank not drink of wine, nor of any mixed or prepared fluid: fruit fed him and wood-honey, and other common things."


his

Middle English: his
English: his
Scots: his
Yola: his, hys, hays


or

Middle English: or (early, hapax)

From Proto-Germanic *ōzô, *ōsaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃éh₁os (“mouth”).


storm

storm (nominative singular)
stormas (nominative plural)
storm (accusative singular)
stormas (accusative plural)
stormes (genitive singular)
storma (genitive plural)
storme (dative singular)
stormum (dative plural)

Middle English: storm

English: storm
→ Esperanto: ŝtormo
→ Irish: stoirm
→ Scottish Gaelic: stoirm

Scots: storm

Yola: stharm, starm

From Proto-West Germanic *sturm, whence also Old Saxon storm, Old High German sturm, Old Norse stormr.


was

first/third-person singular preterite of bēon

first/third-person singular preterite of wesan


for

Middle English: for

English: for

Scots: for

Yola: vor, var

late 10th century, Ælfric, "Saint Sebastian, Martyr"
Þa wurdon hi ealle þurh þæt wundor ablicgede and þæs þægnes gebedda ðe þa gebroþra heold wæs for six gearum for swiðlicre untrumnysse...

Then they were all astonished at that miracle; and the wife of the officer, who had charge of the brothers, for six years, through a severe sickness...

c. 990, Wessex Gospels, Luke 9:24

Whoever destroys their soul for me will save it.

Sē þe his sāwle for mē forspilþ, hē hīe ġehǣlþ.

c. 992, Ælfric, "The Nativity of St. Paul the Apostle"
Petrus āna spræc for ealne þone hēap.

Paul by himself spoke for the whole group.

for (on behalf of, instead of) (+ accusative)

Hē swealt for swelċe... twām þūsendum ġēara.

c. 995, Ælfric, Extracts on Grammar in English
Is nū for þȳ Godes þēowum and mynstermannum ġeorne tō wearnienne þæt sēo hālġe lār on ūrum dagum ne ācōliġe oþþe ātēoriġe swā swā hit wæs ġedōn on Angelcynne nū for ānum fēawum gēarum, swā þæt nān Englisċ prēost ne cūðe dihtan oþþe āsmēaġan ānne pistol on Lǣden, oþ þæt Dūnstān ærċebisċop and Æðelwold bisċop eft þā lāre on munuclīfum ārǣrdon.
That's why God's servants and monks should be very careful not to let this sacred learning cool or fade in our time, the way it did in England a few years ago, when none of our priests could compose or interpret a letter in Latin, until archbishop Dunstan and bishop Æthelwold revived learning in monastic life.

Hēo swealt fefre, for eallum hire dǣdum.

She died of a fever, despite all her deeds.

(Usually in the phrase for eall) for all, despite, in spite of (+ dative)


for

first/third-person singular preterite of faran


for

fōr (canonical feminine)
fōra (nominative plural)
fōr (nominative singular)
fōra (nominative plural)
fōre (nominative plural)
fōre (accusative singular)
fōra (accusative plural)
fōre (accusative plural)
fōre (genitive singular)
fōra (genitive plural)
fōre (dative singular)
fōrum (dative plural)

From Proto-Germanic *fōrō (“trip; wagon”).

journey, going, course, expedition, approach; passage, lifestyle, way of life


for

fōr (canonical masculine)
fōr (nominative singular)
fōras (nominative plural)
fōr (accusative singular)
fōras (accusative plural)
fōres (genitive singular)
fōra (genitive plural)
fōre (dative singular)
fōrum (dative plural)

q

attested only in plural form <i class="Latn mention" lang="enm">faren</i>

Middle English: *farow, *fargh (attested only in plural form faren)

English: farrow

Scots: ferrae, ferry, farry

Variant of fearh. From Proto-West Germanic *farh (“pig”). Cognate with Middle Low German vōr (“lean young pig”).


non

nōn (canonical neuter)
nōn (nominative singular)
nōn (accusative singular)
nōnes (genitive singular)
nōne (dative singular)

desc

Middle English: non, none, noon, noun, noune

English: noon

(historical) Nones, the ninth hour after sunrise

(Christianity) Nones, the religious service appointed to this hour


non

a form of address from younger to older monks


write

first-person singular present indicative

inflection of wrītan:
singular present subjunctive


write

second-person singular preterite indicative

inflection of wrītan:
singular preterite subjunctive


bold

bold (nominative singular)
bold (nominative plural)
bold (accusative singular)
bold (accusative plural)
boldes (genitive singular)
bolda (genitive plural)
bolde (dative singular)
boldum (dative plural)


tide

inflection of tīd:
accusative/genitive/dative singular

inflection of tīd:
nominative/accusative plural


gold

gold (nominative singular)
gold (accusative singular)
goldes (genitive singular)
golde (dative singular)

desctree

Middle English: gold
English: gold
Scots: gowd, goold

From Proto-West Germanic *golþ, from Proto-Germanic *gulþą, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰĺ̥tom.

late 10th century, Ælfric, "Chair of Saint Peter"
...Næbbe ic seolfor ne gold, ic þē dō þæt ic hæbbe...

...I have neither silver nor gold, I give thee that I have...


stand

stand (nominative singular)
standas (nominative plural)
stand (accusative singular)
standas (accusative plural)
standes (genitive singular)
standa (genitive plural)
stande (dative singular)
standum (dative plural)

From Proto-Germanic *standaz, related to the verb *stāną (“to stand”).


her

Middle English: her, here, heer

English: here

Scots: her, here

From Proto-West Germanic *hēr, from Proto-Germanic *hē₂r, apparently from the stem *hi- (“this”); the exact formation is unclear. Cognate with Old Saxon hēr, Old High German hiar, Old Norse hér, Gothic 𐌷𐌴𐍂 (hēr).

late 10th century, Ælfric, the Old English Hexateuch, Genesis 46:2

God heard him and called out, "Jacob, Jacob!" And he answered him and said, "Here I am!"

God hine ġehīerde and cleopode hine and cwæþ tō him, "Iācōb, Iācōb"! And hē him andswarode and cwæþ, "Hēr iċ eom!"


lama

lama (masculine nominative singular)
lame (feminine nominative singular)
lame (neuter nominative singular)
laman (accusative masculine singular)
laman (accusative feminine singular)
lame (accusative neuter singular)
laman (genitive masculine singular)
laman (feminine genitive singular)
laman (genitive neuter singular)
laman (dative masculine singular)
laman (dative feminine singular)
laman (dative neuter singular)
laman (instrumental masculine singular)
laman (feminine instrumental singular)
laman (instrumental neuter singular)
laman (masculine nominative plural)
laman (feminine nominative plural)
laman (neuter nominative plural)
laman (accusative masculine plural)
laman (accusative feminine plural)
laman (accusative neuter plural)
lamra (genitive masculine plural)
lamena (genitive masculine plural)
lamra (feminine genitive plural)
lamena (feminine genitive plural)
lamra (genitive neuter plural)
lamena (genitive neuter plural)
lamum (dative masculine plural)
lamum (dative feminine plural)
lamum (dative neuter plural)
lamum (instrumental masculine plural)
lamum (feminine instrumental plural)
lamum (instrumental neuter plural)

Middle English: lame

Geordie English: lyem

Scots: lame

English: lame

From Proto-West Germanic *lam, from Proto-Germanic *lamaz.


martyr

martyr (nominative singular)
martyras (nominative plural)
martyr (accusative singular)
martyras (accusative plural)
martyres (genitive singular)
martyra (genitive plural)
martyre (dative singular)
martyrum (dative plural)

Borrowed from Ecclesiastical Latin martyr, from Ancient Greek μάρτυρ (mártur), later form of μάρτυς (mártus, “witness”).

late 10th century, Ælfric, Lives of Saints
Þā sē hālga martyr mid þām Hālgan Gāst āfylled smearcode mid mūþe and tō þām mānfullan cwæþ "Ūs ġedafenaþ tō offriġenne þām undēadlīċum gode."

Then the holy martyr, filled with the Holy Spirit, smiled with his mouth and to the evil man said "It benefits us to sacrifice to the immortal God."


ans

ans (nominative singular)
ense (nominative plural)
ansa (nominative plural)
ans (accusative singular)
ansa (accusative plural)
ansa (genitive singular)
ensa (genitive plural)
ansa (genitive plural)
ense (dative singular)
ansa (dative singular)
ansum (dative plural)


hundred

hundred (nominative singular)
hundredu (nominative plural)
hundred (accusative singular)
hundredu (accusative plural)
hundredes (genitive singular)
hundreda (genitive plural)
hundrede (dative singular)
hundredum (dative plural)

Middle English: hundred
English: hundred
→ Hawaiian: haneli, hanele, haneri
Scots: hunder, hunner
Yola: hindreth, hundreth, hundereth, hunderth, hunnert

From Proto-Germanic *hundaradą (“hundred”), from *hundą + *radą (“count”), a neuter variant of *radō (“row, line, series”).
Cognate with Old Frisian hundred, Old Saxon hunderod, Old Dutch *hundert, Old High German hundert, Old Norse hundrað.


finger

finger (nominative singular)
fingras (nominative plural)
finger (accusative singular)
fingras (accusative plural)
fingres (genitive singular)
fingra (genitive plural)
fingre (dative singular)
fingrum (dative plural)

Middle English: fynger, finger, vinger, fyngir, fyngur, fyngyr, fiyngir, ffynger
English: finger
Sranan Tongo: finga
Scots: finger
Yola: vinger

From Proto-West Germanic *fingr. Compare Old Frisian finger, Old Saxon fingar, Old High German fingar, Old Norse fingr, Gothic 𐍆𐌹𐌲𐌲𐍂𐍃 (figgrs).

Sēo hand hæfþ fīf fingras: þone þūman, þone sċytefinger, þone middelfinger, þone hringfinger, and þone lȳtlan finger.

The hand has five fingers: the thumb, the index finger, the middle finger, the ring finger, and the little finger.


tan

tān (canonical masculine)
tān (nominative singular)
tānas (nominative plural)
tān (accusative singular)
tānas (accusative plural)
tānes (genitive singular)
tāna (genitive plural)
tāne (dative singular)
tānum (dative plural)


turtle

turtle (nominative singular)
turtlan (nominative plural)
turtlan (accusative singular)
turtlan (accusative plural)
turtlan (genitive singular)
turtlena (genitive plural)
turtlan (dative singular)
turtlum (dative plural)

desc

Middle English: turtle, tortle, turtel, turtul

English: turtle (archaic)

Ultimately from Latin turtur (“turtledove”), of imitative origin.


gripe

gripe (nominative singular)
gripas (nominative plural)
gripe (accusative singular)
gripas (accusative plural)
gripes (genitive singular)
gripa (genitive plural)
gripe (dative singular)
gripum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: gripe, grepe, grippe, grype
English: grip
→ Dutch: grip
Scots: grip, grup
Yola: grip

From Proto-West Germanic *gripi, from Proto-Germanic *gripiz. Cognate with Old High German *grif (in hantgrif, etc.; > modern German Griff), Old Norse gripr.


gripe

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

nonlemma

inflection of grīpan:
singular present subjunctive


gripe

inflection of grīpan:
second-person singular past indicative

inflection of grīpan:
singular past subjunctive


sol

From Proto-West Germanic *sōl, from Proto-Germanic *sōl (“sun”).


sol

sol (nominative singular)
solu (nominative plural)
sol (accusative singular)
solu (accusative plural)
soles (genitive singular)
sola (genitive plural)
sole (dative singular)
solum (dative plural)

gl

merged with descendant of Old English <i class="Latn mention" lang="ang">solu</i>

Middle English: sol, sole (merged with descendant of Old English solu)

English: soil, soal

From Proto-West Germanic *sol, from Proto-Germanic *sulą (“mud, spot”), from Proto-Indo-European *sūl- (“thick liquid”). Cognate with Old High German sol, gisol (“pool of excrement”), Middle Dutch sol (“puddle, dirt, filth”). More at soil.


sol

sol (masculine nominative singular)
solu (feminine nominative singular)
solo (feminine nominative singular)
sol (neuter nominative singular)
solne (accusative masculine singular)
sole (accusative feminine singular)
sol (accusative neuter singular)
soles (genitive masculine singular)
solre (feminine genitive singular)
soles (genitive neuter singular)
solum (dative masculine singular)
solre (dative feminine singular)
solum (dative neuter singular)
sole (instrumental masculine singular)
solre (feminine instrumental singular)
sole (instrumental neuter singular)
sole (masculine nominative plural)
sola (feminine nominative plural)
sole (feminine nominative plural)
solu (neuter nominative plural)
solo (neuter nominative plural)
sole (accusative masculine plural)
sola (accusative feminine plural)
sole (accusative feminine plural)
solu (accusative neuter plural)
solo (accusative neuter plural)
solra (genitive masculine plural)
solra (feminine genitive plural)
solra (genitive neuter plural)
solum (dative masculine plural)
solum (dative feminine plural)
solum (dative neuter plural)
solum (instrumental masculine plural)
solum (feminine instrumental plural)
solum (instrumental neuter plural)
sola (masculine nominative singular)
sole (feminine nominative singular)
sole (neuter nominative singular)
solan (accusative masculine singular)
solan (accusative feminine singular)
sole (accusative neuter singular)
solan (genitive masculine singular)
solan (feminine genitive singular)
solan (genitive neuter singular)
solan (dative masculine singular)
solan (dative feminine singular)
solan (dative neuter singular)
solan (instrumental masculine singular)
solan (feminine instrumental singular)
solan (instrumental neuter singular)
solan (masculine nominative plural)
solan (feminine nominative plural)
solan (neuter nominative plural)
solan (accusative masculine plural)
solan (accusative feminine plural)
solan (accusative neuter plural)
solra (genitive masculine plural)
solena (genitive masculine plural)
solra (feminine genitive plural)
solena (feminine genitive plural)
solra (genitive neuter plural)
solena (genitive neuter plural)
solum (dative masculine plural)
solum (dative feminine plural)
solum (dative neuter plural)
solum (instrumental masculine plural)
solum (feminine instrumental plural)
solum (instrumental neuter plural)

Middle English: sol, sole


hand

hand (nominative singular)
handa (nominative plural)
hand (accusative singular)
handa (accusative plural)
handa (genitive singular)
handa (genitive plural)
handa (dative singular)
handum (dative plural)

Middle English: hond, hand

English: hand

Scots: hand, haund

Yola: hoane

From Proto-West Germanic *handu, from Proto-Germanic *handuz. Cognate with Old Frisian hond, Old Saxon hand, Old High German hant, Old Norse hǫnd, Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌿𐍃 (handus).

Oft him ānhaga · āre gebīdeð,
Metudes miltse, · þēah þe hē mōdċeariġ
ġeond lagulāde · longe sċeolde
hrēran mid hondum · hrīmċealde sǣ,
wadan wræclāstas. · Wyrd bið ful ārǣd.

A loner oft waits a grace for himself,
Creator's mercy, even if he is sorrowful,
through a sea-way he should for long
stir the frost-cold sea with hands,
travel paths of exile. Fate is well stalwart.


amber

āmber (canonical masculine)
amber (nominative singular)
ambras (nominative plural)
amberas (nominative plural)
amber (accusative singular)
ambras (accusative plural)
amberas (accusative plural)
ambres (genitive singular)
amberes (genitive singular)
ambra (genitive plural)
ambre (dative singular)
ambrum (dative plural)
ambru (dative plural)
āmber (nominative singular)
āmbras (nominative plural)
āmberas (nominative plural)
āmber (accusative singular)
āmbras (accusative plural)
āmberas (accusative plural)
āmbres (genitive singular)
āmberes (genitive singular)
āmbra (genitive plural)
āmbre (dative singular)
āmbrum (dative plural)
āmbru (dative plural)

Middle English: ambre, anbre, almer


mine

inflection of mīn:
accusative feminine singular

inflection of mīn:
instrumental masculine/neuter singular


beg

Unknown. Perhaps a clipping of beġer (“berry”), itself a metathetic variant of berġe.


from

frommast (superlative)
from (masculine nominative singular)
fromu (feminine nominative singular)
fromo (feminine nominative singular)
from (neuter nominative singular)
fromne (accusative masculine singular)
frome (accusative feminine singular)
from (accusative neuter singular)
fromes (genitive masculine singular)
fromre (feminine genitive singular)
fromes (genitive neuter singular)
fromum (dative masculine singular)
fromre (dative feminine singular)
fromum (dative neuter singular)
frome (instrumental masculine singular)
fromre (feminine instrumental singular)
frome (instrumental neuter singular)
frome (masculine nominative plural)
froma (feminine nominative plural)
frome (feminine nominative plural)
fromu (neuter nominative plural)
fromo (neuter nominative plural)
frome (accusative masculine plural)
froma (accusative feminine plural)
frome (accusative feminine plural)
fromu (accusative neuter plural)
fromo (accusative neuter plural)
fromra (genitive masculine plural)
fromra (feminine genitive plural)
fromra (genitive neuter plural)
fromum (dative masculine plural)
fromum (dative feminine plural)
fromum (dative neuter plural)
fromum (instrumental masculine plural)
fromum (feminine instrumental plural)
fromum (instrumental neuter plural)
froma (masculine nominative singular)
frome (feminine nominative singular)
frome (neuter nominative singular)
froman (accusative masculine singular)
froman (accusative feminine singular)
frome (accusative neuter singular)
froman (genitive masculine singular)
froman (feminine genitive singular)
froman (genitive neuter singular)
froman (dative masculine singular)
froman (dative feminine singular)
froman (dative neuter singular)
froman (instrumental masculine singular)
froman (feminine instrumental singular)
froman (instrumental neuter singular)
froman (masculine nominative plural)
froman (feminine nominative plural)
froman (neuter nominative plural)
froman (accusative masculine plural)
froman (accusative feminine plural)
froman (accusative neuter plural)
fromra (genitive masculine plural)
fromena (genitive masculine plural)
fromra (feminine genitive plural)
fromena (feminine genitive plural)
fromra (genitive neuter plural)
fromena (genitive neuter plural)
fromum (dative masculine plural)
fromum (dative feminine plural)
fromum (dative neuter plural)
fromum (instrumental masculine plural)
fromum (feminine instrumental plural)
fromum (instrumental neuter plural)

Of Germanic origin, from Proto-Germanic *framaz (“forward, prominent”), from Proto-Indo-European *promo- (“front, forth”).
Cognate with Old High German fruma (German fromm, Yiddish פֿרום (frum)), Middle Dutch vrōme (Dutch vroom), Old Norse framr.


him

desctree

Middle English: him
English: him
Yola: him, ham, em

Middle English: hem
English: 'em, hem
Fingallian: a'me
Yola: aam


us

Middle English: us, ous, os, hus, usse, hous
English: us
Scots: us, hus
Yola: ouse, ouz, uz

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *n̥smé
Proto-Germanic *uns
Old English us
From Proto-Germanic *uns, from Proto-Indo-European *n̥s, *nes. Cognates include Old Frisian ūs (West Frisian ús), Old Saxon ūs (Low German os, ons), Dutch ons, Old High German uns (German uns), Old Norse oss (Swedish oss), Gothic 𐌿𐌽𐍃 (uns). The Indo-European root is also the source of Latin nos.


slang

first/third-person singular preterite indicative of slingan


slim

slīm (canonical masculine neuter)
slīm (nominative singular)
slīm (nominative plural)
slīm (accusative singular)
slīm (accusative plural)
slīmes (genitive singular)
slīma (genitive plural)
slīme (dative singular)
slīmum (dative plural)
slīm (nominative singular)
slīmas (nominative plural)
slīm (accusative singular)
slīmas (accusative plural)
slīmes (genitive singular)
slīma (genitive plural)
slīme (dative singular)
slīmum (dative plural)

English: slime

From Proto-Germanic *slīmą, from Proto-Indo-European *sley- (“smooth; slick; sticky; slimy”)


teman

tēman (canonical)
tēman (infinitive)
tēmenne (infinitive)
tēme (first-person present singular)
tēmde (first-person past singular)
tēmest (present second-person singular)
tēmst (present second-person singular)
tēmdest (past second-person singular)
tēmeþ (present singular third-person)
tēmþ (present singular third-person)
tēmde (past singular third-person)
tēmaþ (plural present)
tēmdon (past plural)
tēme (present singular)
tēmde (past singular)
tēmen (plural present)
tēmden (past plural)
tēm (imperative past present singular)
tēmaþ (imperative past plural present)
tēmende (imperative present)
tēmed (imperative past)
ġetēmed (imperative past)


al

āl (canonical neuter)
āl (nominative singular)
āl (nominative plural)
āl (accusative singular)
āl (accusative plural)
āles (genitive singular)
āla (genitive plural)
āle (dative singular)
ālum (dative plural)

From Proto-West Germanic *ail, from Proto-Germanic *ailą, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éydʰ-lom, from *h₂eydʰ- (“to burn, kindle”).


to

From Proto-West Germanic *tō, from Proto-Germanic *tō, *ta (“to”), from Proto-Indo-European *de, *do (“to”). Cognate with Old Saxon tō (“to”), Old High German zuo (“to”), Old Irish do.

Þonne iċ mec onhebbe ond hī onhnīgaþ tō mē, moniġe mid miltse, þǣr iċ monnum sceal īċan upcyme ēadiġnesse.

When I raise myself up and they bow down to me, many with mercy, then I shall increase rising of happiness for men.

late 10th century, Ælfric, "Chair of Saint Peter"
...ðā beseah hē tō Petre sumere ælmessan wilniġende...

Then looked he towards Peter, desiring an alms,...

tō drīfenne

(grammar) used to mark the infinitive (supine) of the verb

iċ wyrċe tō īsensmiðe

þā nam iċ hīe tō wīfe

tō bōte

to boot (literally: as an improvement, thus in addition)

Blickling Homilies, "The Dedication of St. Michael's Church"
Englas bēoð tō ðeġnunge gǣstum fram Gode hider on world sended...

Angels will be sent by God as spirits of service hither into the world...


to

Middle English: to

English: to, too

Geordie English: te, tiv

Scots: tae

Ne sċeal nō tō hātheort, · ne tō hrædwyrde,
ne tō wāc wiga, · ne tō wanhȳdiġ,
ne tō forht, ne tō fæġen, · ne tō feohġīfre,
ne nǣfre ġielpes tō ġeorn, · ǣr hē ġeare cunne.

Should not be too wrathful, nor too hasty in words,
nor too weak warrior, nor too careless,
nor too fearful, nor too joyful, nor too eager for money,
nor ever too eager of pride, before he would know enough.


wilde

wilde (masculine nominative singular)
wildu (feminine nominative singular)
wildo (feminine nominative singular)
wilde (neuter nominative singular)
wildne (accusative masculine singular)
wilde (accusative feminine singular)
wilde (accusative neuter singular)
wildes (genitive masculine singular)
wildre (feminine genitive singular)
wildes (genitive neuter singular)
wildum (dative masculine singular)
wildre (dative feminine singular)
wildum (dative neuter singular)
wilde (instrumental masculine singular)
wildre (feminine instrumental singular)
wilde (instrumental neuter singular)
wilde (masculine nominative plural)
wilda (feminine nominative plural)
wilde (feminine nominative plural)
wildu (neuter nominative plural)
wildo (neuter nominative plural)
wilde (accusative masculine plural)
wilda (accusative feminine plural)
wilde (accusative feminine plural)
wildu (accusative neuter plural)
wildo (accusative neuter plural)
wildra (genitive masculine plural)
wildra (feminine genitive plural)
wildra (genitive neuter plural)
wildum (dative masculine plural)
wildum (dative feminine plural)
wildum (dative neuter plural)
wildum (instrumental masculine plural)
wildum (feminine instrumental plural)
wildum (instrumental neuter plural)
wilda (masculine nominative singular)
wilde (feminine nominative singular)
wilde (neuter nominative singular)
wildan (accusative masculine singular)
wildan (accusative feminine singular)
wilde (accusative neuter singular)
wildan (genitive masculine singular)
wildan (feminine genitive singular)
wildan (genitive neuter singular)
wildan (dative masculine singular)
wildan (dative feminine singular)
wildan (dative neuter singular)
wildan (instrumental masculine singular)
wildan (feminine instrumental singular)
wildan (instrumental neuter singular)
wildan (masculine nominative plural)
wildan (feminine nominative plural)
wildan (neuter nominative plural)
wildan (accusative masculine plural)
wildan (accusative feminine plural)
wildan (accusative neuter plural)
wildra (genitive masculine plural)
wildena (genitive masculine plural)
wildra (feminine genitive plural)
wildena (feminine genitive plural)
wildra (genitive neuter plural)
wildena (genitive neuter plural)
wildum (dative masculine plural)
wildum (dative feminine plural)
wildum (dative neuter plural)
wildum (instrumental masculine plural)
wildum (feminine instrumental plural)
wildum (instrumental neuter plural)

desc

Middle English: wild, wilde, wielde, wille, will

English: wild

Scots: wylde, wild, wile

From Proto-Germanic *wilþijaz. Cognate with Old Frisian wilde, Old Saxon wildi, Old High German wildi, Old Norse villr, Gothic 𐍅𐌹𐌻𐌸𐌴𐌹𐍃 (wilþeis).


rice

rīċe (canonical neuter)
rīċe (nominative singular)
rīċu (nominative plural)
rīċe (accusative singular)
rīċu (accusative plural)
rīċes (genitive singular)
rīċa (genitive plural)
rīċe (dative singular)
rīċum (dative plural)

Middle English: riche, ryche, rik, rike, ryk (Northern), rice (Early Middle English)

From Proto-West Germanic *rīkī (“kingdom, realm”).

inh

Rōmāna rīċe

Godes rīċe

late 10th century, Ælfric, "Chair of Saint Peter"
...and se gramlica casere dioclytianus is gedon of his rice...

...and the furious emperor Diocletian is deposed from his empire,...


rice

rīċe (canonical)
riċost (superlative)
rīċe (masculine nominative singular)
rīċu (feminine nominative singular)
rīċo (feminine nominative singular)
rīċe (neuter nominative singular)
rīcne (accusative masculine singular)
rīċe (accusative feminine singular)
rīċe (accusative neuter singular)
rīċes (genitive masculine singular)
rīcre (feminine genitive singular)
rīċes (genitive neuter singular)
rīċum (dative masculine singular)
rīcre (dative feminine singular)
rīċum (dative neuter singular)
rīċe (instrumental masculine singular)
rīcre (feminine instrumental singular)
rīċe (instrumental neuter singular)
rīċe (masculine nominative plural)
rīċa (feminine nominative plural)
rīċe (feminine nominative plural)
rīċu (neuter nominative plural)
rīċo (neuter nominative plural)
rīċe (accusative masculine plural)
rīċa (accusative feminine plural)
rīċe (accusative feminine plural)
rīċu (accusative neuter plural)
rīċo (accusative neuter plural)
rīcra (genitive masculine plural)
rīcra (feminine genitive plural)
rīcra (genitive neuter plural)
rīċum (dative masculine plural)
rīċum (dative feminine plural)
rīċum (dative neuter plural)
rīċum (instrumental masculine plural)
rīċum (feminine instrumental plural)
rīċum (instrumental neuter plural)
rīċa (masculine nominative singular)
rīċe (feminine nominative singular)
rīċe (neuter nominative singular)
rīċan (accusative masculine singular)
rīċan (accusative feminine singular)
rīċe (accusative neuter singular)
rīċan (genitive masculine singular)
rīċan (feminine genitive singular)
rīċan (genitive neuter singular)
rīċan (dative masculine singular)
rīċan (dative feminine singular)
rīċan (dative neuter singular)
rīċan (instrumental masculine singular)
rīċan (feminine instrumental singular)
rīċan (instrumental neuter singular)
rīċan (masculine nominative plural)
rīċan (feminine nominative plural)
rīċan (neuter nominative plural)
rīċan (accusative masculine plural)
rīċan (accusative feminine plural)
rīċan (accusative neuter plural)
rīcra (genitive masculine plural)
rīċena (genitive masculine plural)
rīcra (feminine genitive plural)
rīċena (feminine genitive plural)
rīcra (genitive neuter plural)
rīċena (genitive neuter plural)
rīċum (dative masculine plural)
rīċum (dative feminine plural)
rīċum (dative neuter plural)
rīċum (instrumental masculine plural)
rīċum (feminine instrumental plural)
rīċum (instrumental neuter plural)

desctree

Middle English: riche, rech, reche, rich, ruche, rych, ryche, reke, rik, rike (Northern), rice (Early Middle English)
English: rich
Scots: rich
Yola: reeche

From Proto-West Germanic *rīkī (“mighty, rich”).


beat

bēat (canonical neuter)
bēat (nominative singular)
bēat (nominative plural)
bēat (accusative singular)
bēat (accusative plural)
bēates (genitive singular)
bēata (genitive plural)
bēate (dative singular)
bēatum (dative plural)

Middle English: bete


rose

head

rōse f (nominative plural rōsan or rōsa)

rōse (canonical feminine)
rōsan (nominative plural)
rōsa (nominative plural)
rōse (nominative singular)
rōsan (nominative plural)
rōsan (accusative singular)
rōsan (accusative plural)
rōsan (genitive singular)
rōsena (genitive plural)
rōsan (dative singular)
rōsum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: rose, roose, rosse, roos, ros
English: rose (see there for further descendants)
Scots: rose


as

ās (canonical masculine)
ās (nominative singular)
ēse (nominative plural)
āsa (nominative plural)
ās (accusative singular)
āsa (accusative plural)
āsa (genitive singular)
ēsa (genitive plural)
āsa (genitive plural)
ēse (dative singular)
āsa (dative singular)
āsum (dative plural)

From Proto-Germanic *ansuz (“god, deity”). Appears in the historical record within the personal name Āslāc (from Proto-Germanic *Ansulaikaz), an alternate form of Ōslāc.


west

Middle English: west

English: west

Scots: wast

→ Old French: west (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-West Germanic *westr, see also Old High German west, Old Norse vestr.


east

ēast (canonical masculine)
ēast (nominative singular)
ēastas (nominative plural)
ēast (accusative singular)
ēastas (accusative plural)
ēastes (genitive singular)
ēasta (genitive plural)
ēaste (dative singular)
ēastum (dative plural)

Middle English: est

English: east

→ Cornish: est

Scots: eist, aist


east

ēast (canonical)
ēast (masculine nominative singular)
ēast (feminine nominative singular)
ēast (neuter nominative singular)
ēastne (accusative masculine singular)
ēaste (accusative feminine singular)
ēast (accusative neuter singular)
ēastes (genitive masculine singular)
ēastre (feminine genitive singular)
ēastes (genitive neuter singular)
ēastum (dative masculine singular)
ēastre (dative feminine singular)
ēastum (dative neuter singular)
ēaste (instrumental masculine singular)
ēastre (feminine instrumental singular)
ēaste (instrumental neuter singular)
ēaste (masculine nominative plural)
ēasta (feminine nominative plural)
ēaste (feminine nominative plural)
ēast (neuter nominative plural)
ēaste (accusative masculine plural)
ēasta (accusative feminine plural)
ēaste (accusative feminine plural)
ēast (accusative neuter plural)
ēastra (genitive masculine plural)
ēastra (feminine genitive plural)
ēastra (genitive neuter plural)
ēastum (dative masculine plural)
ēastum (dative feminine plural)
ēastum (dative neuter plural)
ēastum (instrumental masculine plural)
ēastum (feminine instrumental plural)
ēastum (instrumental neuter plural)
ēasta (masculine nominative singular)
ēaste (feminine nominative singular)
ēaste (neuter nominative singular)
ēastan (accusative masculine singular)
ēastan (accusative feminine singular)
ēaste (accusative neuter singular)
ēastan (genitive masculine singular)
ēastan (feminine genitive singular)
ēastan (genitive neuter singular)
ēastan (dative masculine singular)
ēastan (dative feminine singular)
ēastan (dative neuter singular)
ēastan (instrumental masculine singular)
ēastan (feminine instrumental singular)
ēastan (instrumental neuter singular)
ēastan (masculine nominative plural)
ēastan (feminine nominative plural)
ēastan (neuter nominative plural)
ēastan (accusative masculine plural)
ēastan (accusative feminine plural)
ēastan (accusative neuter plural)
ēastra (genitive masculine plural)
ēastena (genitive masculine plural)
ēastra (feminine genitive plural)
ēastena (feminine genitive plural)
ēastra (genitive neuter plural)
ēastena (genitive neuter plural)
ēastum (dative masculine plural)
ēastum (dative feminine plural)
ēastum (dative neuter plural)
ēastum (instrumental masculine plural)
ēastum (feminine instrumental plural)
ēastum (instrumental neuter plural)

English: east


east

Middle English: est

English: east

→ Old French: est

French: est (see there for further descendants)


tin

tin (nominative singular)
tin (accusative singular)
tines (genitive singular)
tine (dative singular)

Middle English: tyn, tin, tyne, tynne
English: tin
→ Atong (India): tin
→ Iban: tin
→ Indonesian: tin
→ Norman: tinne
Tok Pisin: tin
Scots: tin


friend

nominative and accusative plural of frēond


began

begān (canonical)
begān (infinitive)
begānne (infinitive)
begā (first-person present singular)
beēode (first-person past singular)
begǣst (present second-person singular)
beēodest (past second-person singular)
begǣþ (present singular third-person)
beēode (past singular third-person)
begāþ (plural present)
beēodon (past plural)
begā (present singular)
beēode (past singular)
begān (plural present)
beēoden (past plural)
begā (imperative past present singular)
begāþ (imperative past plural present)
begānde (imperative present)
begān (imperative past)

Middle English: bigon, begon

English: bego

From Proto-West Germanic *bigān. Equivalent to be- + gān. Cognate with Old High German bigān.

to bego, go over, traverse; get to, come by, fall into

Se ðe æcer begǽþ. ― He who cultivates land (acre) … a farmer (Ælfc. Gr. 7; Som. 6, 44.)

to go to, visit, care for, cultivate, affect

Hí ðone búr útan beeódon.

They surrounded the dwelling outside. (Chr. 755; Th. 83, 26, col. 1)

to occupy, inhabit, dwell, surround, besiege, overrun

He begǽþ unmǽtas ― He commits gluttonies. (Deut. 21, 20)

Begá ðé sylfne to árfæstnysse

Train thyself to godliness. (1 Tim. 4, 7)

to practise, do, engage in, perform, commit, exercise, attend to, be diligent about, honor, serve, worship, profess; pledge, devote, train oneself


arm

arm (nominative singular)
armas (nominative plural)
arm (accusative singular)
armas (accusative plural)
armes (genitive singular)
arma (genitive plural)
arme (dative singular)
armum (dative plural)

From Proto-West Germanic *arm, from Proto-Germanic *armaz (“arm”), whence also Old High German arm, Old Norse armr.


song

song (nominative singular)
songas (nominative plural)
song (accusative singular)
songas (accusative plural)
songes (genitive singular)
songa (genitive plural)
songe (dative singular)
songum (dative plural)


Scotland

Sċotland (canonical neuter)
Sċotland (nominative singular)
Sċotland (accusative singular)
Sċotlandes (genitive singular)
Sċotlande (dative singular)

land of the Scots in Hibernia, i.e. Ireland

land of the Scots in Britain, i.e. Scotland


god

ang-adj

gōd (comparative betera, superlative betest, adverb wel)

gōd (canonical)
betera (comparative)
betest (superlative)
wel (adverb)
gōd (masculine nominative singular)
gōd (feminine nominative singular)
gōd (neuter nominative singular)
gōdne (accusative masculine singular)
gōde (accusative feminine singular)
gōd (accusative neuter singular)
gōdes (genitive masculine singular)
gōdre (feminine genitive singular)
gōdes (genitive neuter singular)
gōdum (dative masculine singular)
gōdre (dative feminine singular)
gōdum (dative neuter singular)
gōde (instrumental masculine singular)
gōdre (feminine instrumental singular)
gōde (instrumental neuter singular)
gōde (masculine nominative plural)
gōda (feminine nominative plural)
gōde (feminine nominative plural)
gōd (neuter nominative plural)
gōde (accusative masculine plural)
gōda (accusative feminine plural)
gōde (accusative feminine plural)
gōd (accusative neuter plural)
gōdra (genitive masculine plural)
gōdra (feminine genitive plural)
gōdra (genitive neuter plural)
gōdum (dative masculine plural)
gōdum (dative feminine plural)
gōdum (dative neuter plural)
gōdum (instrumental masculine plural)
gōdum (feminine instrumental plural)
gōdum (instrumental neuter plural)
gōda (masculine nominative singular)
gōde (feminine nominative singular)
gōde (neuter nominative singular)
gōdan (accusative masculine singular)
gōdan (accusative feminine singular)
gōde (accusative neuter singular)
gōdan (genitive masculine singular)
gōdan (feminine genitive singular)
gōdan (genitive neuter singular)
gōdan (dative masculine singular)
gōdan (dative feminine singular)
gōdan (dative neuter singular)
gōdan (instrumental masculine singular)
gōdan (feminine instrumental singular)
gōdan (instrumental neuter singular)
gōdan (masculine nominative plural)
gōdan (feminine nominative plural)
gōdan (neuter nominative plural)
gōdan (accusative masculine plural)
gōdan (accusative feminine plural)
gōdan (accusative neuter plural)
gōdra (genitive masculine plural)
gōdena (genitive masculine plural)
gōdra (feminine genitive plural)
gōdena (feminine genitive plural)
gōdra (genitive neuter plural)
gōdena (genitive neuter plural)
gōdum (dative masculine plural)
gōdum (dative feminine plural)
gōdum (dative neuter plural)
gōdum (instrumental masculine plural)
gōdum (feminine instrumental plural)
gōdum (instrumental neuter plural)

desctree

Middle English: good
English: good
Solombala English: гудъ (gud)
Scots: guid
Yola: gooude, gude, gayde

Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *gōd, from Proto-Germanic *gōdaz.


god

gōd (canonical neuter)
gōd (nominative singular)
gōd (nominative plural)
gōd (accusative singular)
gōd (accusative plural)
gōdes (genitive singular)
gōda (genitive plural)
gōde (dative singular)
gōdum (dative plural)

late 10th century, Ælfric, "Ash-Wednesday"
...þæt is buh fram yfele and dō gōd.

good (something good or good things collectively)

c. 992, Ælfric, "The First Sundayin September, when Job is read"
...and his suna fērdon and ðēnode ǣlc ōðrum mid his gōdum on ymhwyrfte æt his hūse...

...and his sons went and served each other with his goods in turn at his house...


god

god (nominative singular)
godu (nominative plural)
god (accusative singular)
godu (accusative plural)
godes (genitive singular)
goda (genitive plural)
gode (dative singular)
godum (dative plural)
god (nominative singular)
godas (nominative plural)
god (accusative singular)
godas (accusative plural)
godes (genitive singular)
goda (genitive plural)
gode (dative singular)
godum (dative plural)

Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *god, from Proto-Germanic *gudą. Originally neuter, then changed to masculine to reflect the change in religion to Christianity.

late 10th century, Ælfric, "Passion of St. Julian and his wife Basilissa"
Gehelp urum godum and hat to þe gefeccan þisne dry Iulianum þe ure goda anlicnysse mid ealle to-brytte...

Help our gods, and command men to bring thee this sorcerer Julianus, who hath utterly broken the images of our gods,...

late 10th century, Ælfric, "Saint George, Martyr"
Nāst þū lā Geori þæt ūre godas swincað mid þē and ġit hī synd ġeþyldiġe þæt hī þe miltsion. Nū lǣre ic ðē swā swā lēofne sunu þæt ðū þæra cristenra lāre forlǣte mid ealle and tō mīnum rǣde hraðe ġebūge swā þæt ðū offriġe þām ārwurðan Appoline and þū mycelne wurðmynt miht swā beġitan.

Knowest thou not, O George, that our gods are striving with thee, and even yet they are patient, that they may pity thee; now I exhort thee, as a beloved son, that thou altogether quit the Christians' doctrine, and quickly incline to my counsel, so that thou sacrifice to the venerable Apollo, and thou mayest so obtain great honour.

late 10th century, Ælfric, "The Seven Sleepers"
Nu ge þam mærum godum offrian nellað, ne beo ge me næfre heonon-forð swa wurðe ne swa leofe swa ge ær wæron...

Since ye will not offer to the great gods, ye shall never henceforth be to me so worthy nor so dear as ye were before;...

Hǣðensċipe biþ þæt man dēofolġield weorðiġe, þæt is þæt man weorðiġe hǣðenu godu and sunnan oþþe mōnan, fȳr oþþe flōd, wæterwiellas oþþe stānas oþþe ǣniġes cynnes wudutreowu, oþþe wiċċecræft lufiġe oþþe morðweorc ġefremme on ǣniġe wisan, oþþe on blōte oþþe frihte, oþþe swelcra gedwimera ǣniġ þing drēoge.

c. 1021, Wulfstan, Winchester Code of Cnut, article 5.1:

Worshiping idols is a kind of paganism, whether one worships heathen gods and the sun or the moon, or fire or flood, or wells or stones or any kind of forest trees, or if one loves witchcraft or commits murder in any way, either by sacrifice or by divination, or takes any part in similar delusions.


god

God (nominative singular)
God (accusative singular)
Godes (genitive singular)
Gode (dative singular)

Middle English: god, God, godd, godde
English: god
Scots: god
Yola: gud


swan

swan (nominative singular)
swanas (nominative plural)
swan (accusative singular)
swanas (accusative plural)
swanes (genitive singular)
swana (genitive plural)
swane (dative singular)
swanum (dative plural)

Middle English: swan

English: swan

Scots: swan

From Proto-West Germanic *swan, from Proto-Germanic *swanaz, probably from Proto-Indo-European *swenh₂- (“to sound, resound”). Compare Old Saxon swan (Low German Swaan), Dutch zwaan, Old High German swan (German Schwan), Old Norse svanr (Swedish svan).


swan

Middle English: swon, swan, swone

From Proto-Germanic *swainaz. Doublet of sweġen, a borrowing from Old Norse.


ban

bān (canonical neuter)
bān (nominative plural)
bān (nominative singular)
bān (nominative plural)
bān (accusative singular)
bān (accusative plural)
bānes (genitive singular)
bāna (genitive plural)
bāne (dative singular)
bānum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: bon, ban, bane, bone, boon
English: bone
Geordie English: byen
Scots: bane, bean, bain
Yola: bane

From Proto-West Germanic *bain, Proto-Germanic *bainą.
Cognate with Old Frisian bēn (West Frisian bien), Old Saxon bēn (Low German been, bein), Dutch been (“bone, leg”), Old High German bein (German Bein (“leg”)), Old Norse bein (Icelandic bein (“bone”)).


bled

blēd (canonical feminine)
blēd (nominative singular)
blēda (nominative plural)
blēde (nominative plural)
blēde (accusative singular)
blēda (accusative plural)
blēde (accusative plural)
blēde (genitive singular)
blēda (genitive plural)
blēde (dative singular)
blēdum (dative plural)

Middle English: blede, bled

English: blead

Scots: bleed

From Proto-Germanic *blēduz, *blōdiz (“blossom, sprout”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰleh₃-. Related to blōwan (“to bloom, blossom”).

The Old English rune poem
ᛒ byþ blēda lēas...


arise

first-person singular present indicative

inflection of ārīsan:
singular present subjunctive


arise

second-person singular preterite indicative

inflection of ārīsan:
singular preterite subjunctive


lam

lām (canonical neuter)
lām (nominative singular)
lām (nominative plural)
lām (accusative singular)
lām (accusative plural)
lāmes (genitive singular)
lāma (genitive plural)
lāme (dative singular)
lāmum (dative plural)

English: loam


born

first/third-person singular preterite of beirnan


heard

heard (masculine nominative singular)
heard (feminine nominative singular)
heard (neuter nominative singular)
heardne (accusative masculine singular)
hearde (accusative feminine singular)
heard (accusative neuter singular)
heardes (genitive masculine singular)
heardre (feminine genitive singular)
heardes (genitive neuter singular)
heardum (dative masculine singular)
heardre (dative feminine singular)
heardum (dative neuter singular)
hearde (instrumental masculine singular)
heardre (feminine instrumental singular)
hearde (instrumental neuter singular)
hearde (masculine nominative plural)
hearda (feminine nominative plural)
hearde (feminine nominative plural)
heard (neuter nominative plural)
hearde (accusative masculine plural)
hearda (accusative feminine plural)
hearde (accusative feminine plural)
heard (accusative neuter plural)
heardra (genitive masculine plural)
heardra (feminine genitive plural)
heardra (genitive neuter plural)
heardum (dative masculine plural)
heardum (dative feminine plural)
heardum (dative neuter plural)
heardum (instrumental masculine plural)
heardum (feminine instrumental plural)
heardum (instrumental neuter plural)
hearda (masculine nominative singular)
hearde (feminine nominative singular)
hearde (neuter nominative singular)
heardan (accusative masculine singular)
heardan (accusative feminine singular)
hearde (accusative neuter singular)
heardan (genitive masculine singular)
heardan (feminine genitive singular)
heardan (genitive neuter singular)
heardan (dative masculine singular)
heardan (dative feminine singular)
heardan (dative neuter singular)
heardan (instrumental masculine singular)
heardan (feminine instrumental singular)
heardan (instrumental neuter singular)
heardan (masculine nominative plural)
heardan (feminine nominative plural)
heardan (neuter nominative plural)
heardan (accusative masculine plural)
heardan (accusative feminine plural)
heardan (accusative neuter plural)
heardra (genitive masculine plural)
heardena (genitive masculine plural)
heardra (feminine genitive plural)
heardena (feminine genitive plural)
heardra (genitive neuter plural)
heardena (genitive neuter plural)
heardum (dative masculine plural)
heardum (dative feminine plural)
heardum (dative neuter plural)
heardum (instrumental masculine plural)
heardum (feminine instrumental plural)
heardum (instrumental neuter plural)

Middle English: hard

English: hard
→ Finnish: haarti
→ Spanish: hard

Scots: hard, haird

From Proto-West Germanic *hard(ī). Compare Old Frisian herd, Old Saxon hard, Old Dutch hart, Old High German hart, Old Norse harðr, Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌿𐍃 (hardus).

hard, harsh, austere, severe, rigorous, stern, stubborn, firm, hardy, brave


an

ān (canonical)
ān (masculine nominative singular)

From Proto-West Germanic *ain, from Proto-Germanic *ainaz.
Germanic cognates include Old Frisian ān, Old Saxon ēn, Old High German ein, Old Norse einn, Gothic 𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃 (ains). The Indo-European root is also the source of Latin ūnus, Ancient Greek οἶος (oîos), Old Irish oen.

"Gospel of Saint John", chapter 10, verse 30

c. 973, Æthelwold's translation of the Rule of Saint Benedict, quoting Galatians 3:28

Slave or free, we are all one in Christ.

Ġe þēo ġe frēo, eall wē sind on Criste ān.

c. 990, Wessex Gospels, Mark 14:37

Then he came and found them asleep, and said to Peter, "Simon, are you asleep? Couldn't you stay awake for one hour?"

Þā cōm hē and fand hīe slǣpende, and cwæþ tō Petre, "Simon, slǣpst þū? Ne meahtest þū āne tīd wacian?"

early 12th century, the Peterborough Chronicle, year 1100

On the morning after Lammas day, King William was out hunting when he was shot with an arrow by one of his servants.

On morgen æfter Hlāfmæssedæġe wearþ sē cyning Willelm on huntoþe fram his ānum menn mid āne flāne ofsċoten.


an

ān (canonical)
ān (masculine nominative singular)
ān (feminine nominative singular)
ān (neuter nominative singular)
ānne (accusative masculine singular)
āne (accusative feminine singular)
ān (accusative neuter singular)
ānes (genitive masculine singular)
ānre (feminine genitive singular)
ānes (genitive neuter singular)
ānum (dative masculine singular)
ānre (dative feminine singular)
ānum (dative neuter singular)
āne (instrumental masculine singular)
ānre (feminine instrumental singular)
āne (instrumental neuter singular)
āne (masculine nominative plural)
āna (feminine nominative plural)
āne (feminine nominative plural)
ān (neuter nominative plural)
āne (accusative masculine plural)
āna (accusative feminine plural)
āne (accusative feminine plural)
ān (accusative neuter plural)
ānra (genitive masculine plural)
ānra (feminine genitive plural)
ānra (genitive neuter plural)
ānum (dative masculine plural)
ānum (dative feminine plural)
ānum (dative neuter plural)
ānum (instrumental masculine plural)
ānum (feminine instrumental plural)
ānum (instrumental neuter plural)
āna (masculine nominative singular)
āne (feminine nominative singular)
āne (neuter nominative singular)
ānan (accusative masculine singular)
ānan (accusative feminine singular)
āne (accusative neuter singular)
ānan (genitive masculine singular)
ānan (feminine genitive singular)
ānan (genitive neuter singular)
ānan (dative masculine singular)
ānan (dative feminine singular)
ānan (dative neuter singular)
ānan (instrumental masculine singular)
ānan (feminine instrumental singular)
ānan (instrumental neuter singular)
ānan (masculine nominative plural)
ānan (feminine nominative plural)
ānan (neuter nominative plural)
ānan (accusative masculine plural)
ānan (accusative feminine plural)
ānan (accusative neuter plural)
ānra (genitive masculine plural)
ānena (genitive masculine plural)
ānra (feminine genitive plural)
ānena (feminine genitive plural)
ānra (genitive neuter plural)
ānena (genitive neuter plural)
ānum (dative masculine plural)
ānum (dative feminine plural)
ānum (dative neuter plural)
ānum (instrumental masculine plural)
ānum (feminine instrumental plural)
ānum (instrumental neuter plural)

Ne bēoþ wē ġeboren ūs selfum ānum.

Mæġ man sprecan be rīmum ġif þing ān sind?

Can we speak of numbers if there are only things?

11th century, Durham Proverbs, no. 22

c. 995, Ælfric, Extracts on Grammar in English
Āne twā word sind þǣre fēorðan ġeþīednesse: eō ("iċ gange"), īs ("þū gǣst"); queō ("iċ mæġ"), quīs ("þū meaht").

Only two words follow the fourth declension: eo ("I go"), is ("you go"); queo ("I can"), quis ("you can").

c. 990, Wessex Gospels, John 5:18

That made the Jews try even harder to kill him, not just for breaking the Sabbath, but for saying God was his father, and making himself equal to God.

Þæs þe mā þā Iudēiscan sōhton hine tō ofslēanne, næs nā for þon āne þe hē þone ræstedæġ bræc, ac for þon þe hē cwæþ þæt God wǣre his fæder, and hine selfne dyde Gode ġelīcne.

c. 1000, "The Battle of Maldon", lines 94-95

Only God knows who is destined to control the battlefield.

God āna wāt hwā þǣre wælstōwe wealdan mōte.

"The Fortunes of Men", lines 8-9

God only knows what the years will bring to the growing child.

God āna wāt hwæt him weaxendum wintra bringaþ.

Neart þū ġenōg eald þæt þū āna on sund gā.

You're not old enough to go swimming by yourself.

Iċ slǣpe āna.

c. 992, Ælfric, "St. Benedict, Abbot"
Gang nū tō mynstre ġif þū mæġe, and mē āna forlǣt.

Now go to the monastery if you can, and leave me alone.

c. 995, Ælfric, Extracts on Grammar in English
Foresetnessa ne bēoþ nāhwǣr āna, ac bēoþ ǣfre tō sumum ōðrum worde ġefēġeda.

Prepositions never occur by themselves: they are always attached to some other word.

c. 992, Ælfric, "The Nativity of St. Paul the Apostle"
Petrus āna spræc for ealne þone hēap.

Peter by himself spoke for the whole group.


an

995. Anglo-Saxon Gospels, Translation, Gospel of Saint Matthew, chapter 8, verse 8.
Ðā andswarode sē hundredes ealdor and ðus cwæþ, Drihten, ne eom ic wyrðe, ðæt ðū ingange under mīne þecene; ac cweþ ðīn ān word, and mīn cnapa biþ ġehǣled.

Then answered the centurion, and said thus, Lord, I am not worthy, that you enter under my roof; but say your word only, and my boy will be healed.


an

ān (canonical neuter)
ān (nominative singular)
ān (nominative plural)
ān (accusative singular)
ān (accusative plural)
ānes (genitive singular)
āna (genitive plural)
āne (dative singular)
ānum (dative plural)

Middle English: oon, on, one, oen, oune, hon, none, an, anne, onne, an, ane, auen, aune (Northern), auen, aune (north Midland), enne, onen, onenen (Kent), en, an, ane (Early Middle English), won, von, wone (Late Middle English), on, one, an (Northern), an, ane (Early Middle English)
English: one, an, a, yan (dialectal)
Geordie English: yen
Scots: ane, wan, yin, ae
Yola: oan, own, ane


man

Middle English: man, me

c. 992, Ælfric, "The First Sunday in September, When Job Is Read"
Man sċeal lǣwedum mannum seċġan be heora andġietes mǣðe, swā þæt hīe ne bēon þurh þā dēopnesse ǣmōde ne þurh þā langsumnesse ǣþrȳtte.

One has to talk to laymen according to how much they understand, so they are not intimidated by the depth of what one is saying or bored by the length.

c. 992, Ælfric, "Dedication of the Church of St. Michael"
Sē hrōf ēac swelċe hæfde mislīċe hēanesse: on sumre stōwe hine man meahte mid hēafde ġerǣċan, on sumre mid handa earfoþlīċe.

The height of the roof was also uneven: you could touch one part of it with the top of your head, and barely reach another part with your hand.

c. 897, Alfred the Great, translation of Pope Gregory's Pastoral Care
Hēr man mæġ ġīet ġesēon heora swaðu, ac wē him ne cunnon æfter spyrian.

Here you can still see their footprints, but we don't know how to follow them.

one, you (indefinite pronoun; construed as a third-person singular)

Ġif dēaþsċyldiġ man sċriftsprǣċe ġierne, ne him man nǣfre ne wierne.

c. 1005, Wulfstan, Laws of Edward and Guthrum:

If someone condemned to death desires confession, it should never be refused to them.

someone, somebody (some unspecified person)

The Dialogues of Solomon and Saturn
Saga mē, hū lange worhte man Noes earce?

Tell me, how long were they making Noe's ark?

late 9th century, King Alfred's translation of Boethius' The Consolation of Philosophy
Hine man sċeal lǣdan tō þām lǣċe.

Early 11th century, Wulfstan, "On the Beginning of Creation"
Þā sē Hǣlend ċild wæs, eall hine man fēdde swā man ōðru ċildru fētt. Hē læġ on cradole bewunden, ealswā ōðru ċildru dōþ. Hine man bær oþ hē self gān meahte.

When Jesus was a baby, he was fed just like other babies are fed. He lay wrapped up in a cradle, just like other babies do. He was carried until he could walk by himself.

often used where modern English would use the passive voice

c. 900, translation of Orosius' History Against the Pagans
Man ġeseah swelċe sē heofon burne.

late 9th century, translation of Bede's Ecclesiastical History
Man ġeseah swelċe ān fȳren hring norðan cōme.

It looked like a ring of fire was coming from the north.


man

man (nominative singular)
men (nominative plural)
man (accusative singular)
men (accusative plural)
manes (genitive singular)
mana (genitive plural)
men (dative singular)
manum (dative plural)


not

notas (nominative plural)
not (nominative singular)
notas (nominative plural)
not (accusative singular)
notas (accusative plural)
notes (genitive singular)
nota (genitive plural)
note (dative singular)
notum (dative plural)

Middle English: note, noote

Scots: note

English: note


ben

bēn (canonical feminine)
bēne (nominative plural)
bēna (nominative plural)
bēn (nominative singular)
bēne (nominative plural)
bēna (nominative plural)
bēn (accusative singular)
bēne (accusative singular)
bēne (accusative plural)
bēna (accusative plural)
bēne (genitive singular)
bēna (genitive plural)
bēne (dative singular)
bēnum (dative plural)

Middle English: ben, bene

English: ben, bene

⇒ English: bee

⇒ Scots: been-hook, been-plough

From Proto-Germanic *bōniz. Cognate with Old Norse bón.

late 10th century, Ælfric, "Saint Basilius, Bishop"
Bide nu æt gode þæt ic grecisc cunne. Þa cwæþ se biscop him to, þu bæde ofer mine mæðe ac uton swa þeah biddan þas bena æt gode.

Pray now to God that I may know Greek. Pray now to God that I may know Greek. Then said the Bishop to him, 'Thou hast asked beyond my power, but let us, nevertheless, ask this boon of God.'


ben

From Proto-Germanic *banjō. Cognate with Old Norse ben.


bred

bred (nominative singular)
bredu (nominative plural)
bred (accusative singular)
bredu (accusative plural)
bredes (genitive singular)
breda (genitive plural)
brede (dative singular)
bredum (dative plural)

desc

Middle English: bred, bræd, brede (from the oblique cases)

English: bred, brade, braid (dialectal)

Scots: bred, braid, brad

From Proto-West Germanic *bred, from Proto-Germanic *bredą, derived from the e-grade *bʰredʰóm, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer-dʰ-, extended form of *bʰer- (“to carve, cut, split, rub”). Cognates include German Brett, Yiddish ברעט (bret).


lent

lent (nominative singular)
lenta (nominative plural)
lente (nominative plural)
lente (accusative singular)
lenta (accusative plural)
lente (accusative plural)
lente (genitive singular)
lenta (genitive plural)
lente (dative singular)
lentum (dative plural)

Middle English: lent, lente


nose

inflection of nosu:
accusative/genitive/dative singular

inflection of nosu:
nominative/accusative plural


had

hād (canonical masculine)
hād (nominative singular)
hādas (nominative plural)
hād (accusative singular)
hādas (accusative plural)
hādes (genitive singular)
hāda (genitive plural)
hāde (dative singular)
hādum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: hod, had, hade, hede, hode
English: hade, hede (obsolete)
Scots: hade (obsolete)

From Proto-West Germanic *haidu, from Proto-Germanic *haiduz (“state, condition, rank, person”). Akin to Old Norse heiðr (“dignity, honor”), Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌿𐍃 (haidus, “manner”).

inh

Þonne sē sċop inn ġebringþ ōðre hādas þe wiþ hine wordliġen swelċe hīe him andswariġen, þonne biþ sēo ġesetnes "ġemǣnu" oþþe "ġemenġedu" ġeċīeġed.

When the poet introduces other characters who talk to him as if they're answering him, the composition is called "common" or "mixed."

9th century, the Blickling Homilies, "The Third Sunday in Lent"
ġehwelċes hādes menn

c. 992, Ælfric, "Of the Catholic Faith"
Nis sē Fæder āna Þrīnes, oþþe sē Sunu Þrīnes, oþþe sē Hālga Gāst Þrīnes, ac þās þrī hādas sind ān god on ānre godcundnesse.

The Trinity is not the Father alone, or the Son, or the Holy Spirit; these three persons are one god in one godhead.

c. 992, Ælfric, "On the Nativity of the Holy Virgins"
Sēo ġelaðung is ġegaderod of ǣġðres hādes mannum, þæt is, werhādes and wīfhādes.

The church is gathered from people of each gender, that is, the male sex and the female sex.

c. 995, Ælfric, Excerptiones de Arte Grammatica Anglice
Þrī hādas sind worda. Sē forma hād is þe spricþ be him selfum ānum ("iċ seċġe", oþþe mid ōðrum mannum on maniġfealdum ġetæle, "wē seċġaþ"). Sē ōðer hād is þe sē forma spricþ tō ("þū sæġst", oþþe maniġfealdlīċe "ġē seċġaþ"). Sē þridda hād is be þǣm þe sē forma hād spricþ tō þǣm ōðrum hāde ("hē sæġþ", oþþe maniġfealdlīċe "hīe seċġaþ").

Verbs have three persons. The first person talks about himself alone ("I say", or with other people in the plural, "we say"). The second person is whoever the first person talks to ("you say", or in the plural "y'all say"). The third person is whoever the first person talks about to the second person ("he says", or in the plural "they say").


bite

q

merged with descendant of Old English <i class="Latn mention" lang="ang">bita</i>

Middle English: bitte, bite (merged with descendant of Old English bita)

Scots: bit

English: bit


ber

bēr (canonical feminine)
bēr (nominative singular)
bēra (nominative plural)
bēre (nominative plural)
bēre (accusative singular)
bēra (accusative plural)
bēre (accusative plural)
bēre (genitive singular)
bēra (genitive plural)
bēre (dative singular)
bērum (dative plural)

Middle English: bere, beere, beer

Scots: bere, beir

English: bier

From Proto-West Germanic *bāru, from Proto-Germanic *bērō, whence also Old High German bāra.


force

Alternative form of forca (found in compounds)


read

rēad (canonical)
rēad (masculine nominative singular)
rēad (feminine nominative singular)
rēad (neuter nominative singular)
rēadne (accusative masculine singular)
rēade (accusative feminine singular)
rēad (accusative neuter singular)
rēades (genitive masculine singular)
rēadre (feminine genitive singular)
rēades (genitive neuter singular)
rēadum (dative masculine singular)
rēadre (dative feminine singular)
rēadum (dative neuter singular)
rēade (instrumental masculine singular)
rēadre (feminine instrumental singular)
rēade (instrumental neuter singular)
rēade (masculine nominative plural)
rēada (feminine nominative plural)
rēade (feminine nominative plural)
rēad (neuter nominative plural)
rēade (accusative masculine plural)
rēada (accusative feminine plural)
rēade (accusative feminine plural)
rēad (accusative neuter plural)
rēadra (genitive masculine plural)
rēadra (feminine genitive plural)
rēadra (genitive neuter plural)
rēadum (dative masculine plural)
rēadum (dative feminine plural)
rēadum (dative neuter plural)
rēadum (instrumental masculine plural)
rēadum (feminine instrumental plural)
rēadum (instrumental neuter plural)
rēada (masculine nominative singular)
rēade (feminine nominative singular)
rēade (neuter nominative singular)
rēadan (accusative masculine singular)
rēadan (accusative feminine singular)
rēade (accusative neuter singular)
rēadan (genitive masculine singular)
rēadan (feminine genitive singular)
rēadan (genitive neuter singular)
rēadan (dative masculine singular)
rēadan (dative feminine singular)
rēadan (dative neuter singular)
rēadan (instrumental masculine singular)
rēadan (feminine instrumental singular)
rēadan (instrumental neuter singular)
rēadan (masculine nominative plural)
rēadan (feminine nominative plural)
rēadan (neuter nominative plural)
rēadan (accusative masculine plural)
rēadan (accusative feminine plural)
rēadan (accusative neuter plural)
rēadra (genitive masculine plural)
rēadena (genitive masculine plural)
rēadra (feminine genitive plural)
rēadena (feminine genitive plural)
rēadra (genitive neuter plural)
rēadena (genitive neuter plural)
rēadum (dative masculine plural)
rēadum (dative feminine plural)
rēadum (dative neuter plural)
rēadum (instrumental masculine plural)
rēadum (feminine instrumental plural)
rēadum (instrumental neuter plural)

desctree

Middle English: red, redde, reed, read, ræd
English: red
Scots: rede, reid
Yola: reed

From Proto-West Germanic *raud, from Proto-Germanic *raudaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rowdʰós < *h₁rewdʰ-.
Germanic cognates: Old Frisian rād (West Frisian read), Old Saxon rōd (Low German root, rod), Dutch rood, Old High German rōt (German rot), Old Norse rauðr (Danish rød, Swedish röd, Icelandic rauður), Gothic 𐍂𐌰𐌿𐌸𐍃 (rauþs).
Indo-European cognates: Ancient Greek ἐρυθρός (eruthrós), Latin ruber, Old Irish rúad, Lithuanian raũdas, Russian рудо́й (rudój).


finn

finn (nominative singular)
finnas (nominative plural)
finn (accusative singular)
finnas (accusative plural)
finnes (genitive singular)
finna (genitive plural)
finne (dative singular)
finnum (dative plural)

Middle English: finne, fynne, fyn

Scots: fin, fyn

English: fin

late 10th century, Ælfric, the Old English Hexateuch, Leviticus 11:9

Don't eat any fish except those that have fins and scales.

Ne ete ġē nānne fisċ būtan þā þe habbaþ finnas and sċielle.


felt

felt (nominative singular)
feltas (nominative plural)
felt (accusative singular)
feltas (accusative plural)
feltes (genitive singular)
felta (genitive plural)
felte (dative singular)
feltum (dative plural)

Middle English: felt, felte, feltte, feelte
English: felt
Scots: felt


angel

angel (nominative singular)
anglas (nominative plural)
angel (accusative singular)
anglas (accusative plural)
angles (genitive singular)
angla (genitive plural)
angle (dative singular)
anglum (dative plural)


angel

anġel (canonical masculine)
anġel (nominative singular)
anglas (nominative plural)
anġel (accusative singular)
anglas (accusative plural)
angles (genitive singular)
angla (genitive plural)
angle (dative singular)
anglum (dative plural)


met

met (nominative singular)
metu (nominative plural)
met (accusative singular)
metu (accusative plural)
metes (genitive singular)
meta (genitive plural)
mete (dative singular)
metum (dative plural)


he

head

hē m (accusative hine, genitive his, dative him)

hē (canonical masculine)
hine (accusative)
his (genitive)
him (dative)
iċ (first-person nominative singular)
mē (accusative first-person singular)
mec (accusative first-person singular)
mē (dative first-person singular)
mīn (first-person genitive singular)
þū (nominative second-person singular)
þē (accusative second-person singular)
þec (accusative second-person singular)
þē (dative second-person singular)
þīn (genitive second-person singular)
hit (accusative neuter nominative singular third-person)
him (dative neuter singular third-person)
his (genitive neuter singular third-person)
hē (masculine nominative singular third-person)
hine (accusative masculine singular third-person)
him (dative masculine singular third-person)
his (genitive masculine singular third-person)
hēo (feminine nominative singular third-person)
hīe (accusative feminine singular third-person)
hire (dative feminine genitive singular third-person)
wit (dual first-person nominative)
unc (accusative dual first-person)
uncit (accusative dual first-person)
unc (dative dual first-person)
uncer (dual first-person genitive)
ġit (dual nominative second-person)
inc (accusative dual second-person)
incit (accusative dual second-person)
inc (dative dual second-person)
incer (dual genitive second-person)
wē (first-person nominative plural)
ūs (accusative first-person plural)
ūsiċ (accusative first-person plural)
ūs (dative first-person plural)
ūre (first-person genitive plural)
ūser (first-person genitive plural)
ġē (nominative plural second-person)
ēow (accusative plural second-person)
ēowic (accusative plural second-person)
ēow (dative plural second-person)
ēower (genitive plural second-person)
hīe (accusative nominative plural third-person)
him (dative plural third-person)
heora (genitive plural third-person)

desctree

Middle English: he, hee, ȝe, e, hey, hi, hie, hye, heo, ho, hæ, ha, a
English: he
Scots: he
Yola: hea, he, hey, hay

From Proto-West Germanic *hiʀ, from Proto-Germanic *hiz (“this, this one”).

Oft him ānhaga · āre gebīdeð,
Metudes miltse, · þēah þe hē mōdċeariġ

A loner oft waits a grace for himself,
Creator's mercy, even if he is sorrowful

it (when the thing being referred to is masculine)

they (singular) (denotes someone of unknown gender)


bend

bend (nominative singular)
bendas (nominative plural)
bend (accusative singular)
bendas (accusative plural)
bendes (genitive singular)
benda (genitive plural)
bende (dative singular)
bendum (dative plural)


fell

From Proto-West Germanic *fell, whence also Old High German vel.


lead

lēad (canonical neuter)
lēad (nominative singular)
lēad (accusative singular)
lēades (genitive singular)
lēade (dative singular)

Middle English: led
English: lead
Scots: leid, lede
Yola: leed


ear

ēar (canonical masculine)
ēar (nominative singular)
ēaras (nominative plural)
ēar (accusative singular)
ēaras (accusative plural)
ēares (genitive singular)
ēara (genitive plural)
ēare (dative singular)
ēarum (dative plural)

From Proto-West Germanic *aur, from Proto-Germanic *auraz. Akin to Old Norse aurr (“mud”).


ear

ēar (canonical neuter)
ēar (nominative singular)
ēar (nominative plural)
ēar (accusative singular)
ēar (accusative plural)
ēares (genitive singular)
ēara (genitive plural)
ēare (dative singular)
ēarum (dative plural)

Middle English: eere, ear, ere, er, ȝer, eyre
English: ear
Scots: aicher, icker, aiker (< æhher)

From Proto-West Germanic *ahaʀ, from Proto-Germanic *ahaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱ- (“pointed”).


tear

tēar (canonical masculine)
tēar (nominative singular)
tēaras (nominative plural)
tēar (accusative singular)
tēaras (accusative plural)
tēares (genitive singular)
tēara (genitive plural)
tēare (dative singular)
tēarum (dative plural)

Middle English: teer, teere, ter, tere, tær, tear (Early Middle English), tyer, tyear, tyar (Kent)
English: tear
Middle Scots: tear, tere, teir, tichwr, tychir
Scots: tear, taer, tare, teir

tēar ġēotan

tear (drop of liquid from the tear duct)


sic

Middle English: sych, syk, syke
English: sitch, sike
Scots: sike, syke

From Proto-West Germanic *sīk, from Proto-Germanic *sīką.


palm

Middle English: palme, paume, pame
English: palm
→ Malay: palma, ڤلما
Scots: paum
Yola: polm

From Latin palma (“palm-tree, palm-branch, palm of the hand”).


self-

Middle English: self-, sylf-, seolf-

English: self-

self- + cwalu (“killing”) → selfcwalu (“suicide”)

self- + -dōm (“-dom”) → selfdōm (“independence”)

self- + -wille (“willing”) → selfwille (“voluntary”)


writing

wrīting (canonical feminine)
wrīting (nominative singular)
wrītinga (nominative plural)
wrītinge (nominative plural)
wrītinge (accusative singular)
wrītinga (accusative plural)
wrītinge (accusative plural)
wrītinge (genitive singular)
wrītinga (genitive plural)
wrītinge (dative singular)
wrītingum (dative plural)

desc

Middle English: writing, writyng, wryting, wrytyng

English: writing

Scots: writing


ba

neuter/feminine nominative/accusative singular of beġen


bad

bād (canonical feminine)
bād (nominative singular)
bāda (nominative plural)
bāde (nominative plural)
bāde (accusative singular)
bāda (accusative plural)
bāde (accusative plural)
bāde (genitive singular)
bāda (genitive plural)
bāde (dative singular)
bādum (dative plural)

Middle English: bade, bode, baide

English: bode

Scots: bade, baid

From Proto-West Germanic *baidu, from Proto-Germanic *baidō.


bad

first/third-person singular preterite of bīdan


cost

cost (nominative singular)
costas (nominative plural)
cost (accusative singular)
costas (accusative plural)
costes (genitive singular)
costa (genitive plural)
coste (dative singular)
costum (dative plural)

From Proto-Germanic *kust-, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵews- (“to choose”).
Akin to Old Saxon kostōn (“to try, tempt”), Old High German kostōn (“to taste, test, try by tasting”) (German kosten), Icelandic kosta (“to try, tempt”), Gothic 𐌺𐌿𐍃𐍄𐌿𐍃 (kustus, “test”), Old English cystan (“to spend, get the value of, procure”), Old English cyst (“proof, test, trial; choice”), ċēosan (“to choose”).

cog

þæs costes þe


cost

cost (masculine nominative singular)
cost (feminine nominative singular)
cost (neuter nominative singular)
costne (accusative masculine singular)
coste (accusative feminine singular)
cost (accusative neuter singular)
costes (genitive masculine singular)
costre (feminine genitive singular)
costes (genitive neuter singular)
costum (dative masculine singular)
costre (dative feminine singular)
costum (dative neuter singular)
coste (instrumental masculine singular)
costre (feminine instrumental singular)
coste (instrumental neuter singular)
coste (masculine nominative plural)
costa (feminine nominative plural)
coste (feminine nominative plural)
cost (neuter nominative plural)
coste (accusative masculine plural)
costa (accusative feminine plural)
coste (accusative feminine plural)
cost (accusative neuter plural)
costra (genitive masculine plural)
costra (feminine genitive plural)
costra (genitive neuter plural)
costum (dative masculine plural)
costum (dative feminine plural)
costum (dative neuter plural)
costum (instrumental masculine plural)
costum (feminine instrumental plural)
costum (instrumental neuter plural)
costa (masculine nominative singular)
coste (feminine nominative singular)
coste (neuter nominative singular)
costan (accusative masculine singular)
costan (accusative feminine singular)
coste (accusative neuter singular)
costan (genitive masculine singular)
costan (feminine genitive singular)
costan (genitive neuter singular)
costan (dative masculine singular)
costan (dative feminine singular)
costan (dative neuter singular)
costan (instrumental masculine singular)
costan (feminine instrumental singular)
costan (instrumental neuter singular)
costan (masculine nominative plural)
costan (feminine nominative plural)
costan (neuter nominative plural)
costan (accusative masculine plural)
costan (accusative feminine plural)
costan (accusative neuter plural)
costra (genitive masculine plural)
costena (genitive masculine plural)
costra (feminine genitive plural)
costena (feminine genitive plural)
costra (genitive neuter plural)
costena (genitive neuter plural)
costum (dative masculine plural)
costum (dative feminine plural)
costum (dative neuter plural)
costum (instrumental masculine plural)
costum (feminine instrumental plural)
costum (instrumental neuter plural)


we

wē (canonical)
iċ (first-person nominative singular)
mē (accusative first-person singular)
mec (accusative first-person singular)
mē (dative first-person singular)
mīn (first-person genitive singular)
þū (nominative second-person singular)
þē (accusative second-person singular)
þec (accusative second-person singular)
þē (dative second-person singular)
þīn (genitive second-person singular)
hit (accusative neuter nominative singular third-person)
him (dative neuter singular third-person)
his (genitive neuter singular third-person)
hē (masculine nominative singular third-person)
hine (accusative masculine singular third-person)
him (dative masculine singular third-person)
his (genitive masculine singular third-person)
hēo (feminine nominative singular third-person)
hīe (accusative feminine singular third-person)
hire (dative feminine genitive singular third-person)
wit (dual first-person nominative)
unc (accusative dual first-person)
uncit (accusative dual first-person)
unc (dative dual first-person)
uncer (dual first-person genitive)
ġit (dual nominative second-person)
inc (accusative dual second-person)
incit (accusative dual second-person)
inc (dative dual second-person)
incer (dual genitive second-person)
wē (first-person nominative plural)
ūs (accusative first-person plural)
ūsiċ (accusative first-person plural)
ūs (dative first-person plural)
ūre (first-person genitive plural)
ūser (first-person genitive plural)
ġē (nominative plural second-person)
ēow (accusative plural second-person)
ēowic (accusative plural second-person)
ēow (dative plural second-person)
ēower (genitive plural second-person)
hīe (accusative nominative plural third-person)
him (dative plural third-person)
heora (genitive plural third-person)

desctree

Middle English: we, whe, ve, woe, wue, weo, wæ, vue, hwe, huue
English: we
Jamaican Creole: wi
Sranan Tongo: wi
Scots: we, oo
Yola: wough, wu, wee, we, w'

From Proto-Germanic *wiz, *wīz, from Proto-Indo-European *wéy, plural of *éǵh₂.
Cognate with Old Frisian wī (West Frisian wy), Old Saxon wī (Low German wi), Old Dutch wī (Dutch wij), Old High German wir (German wir), Old Norse vér (Danish and Swedish vi), Gothic 𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍃 (weis).


bet

late 10th century, Ælfric, "Saint Basilius, Bishop"
He be-het þæt he wolde and se halga ge-bæd for þæt seoce cyld and him wæs sona bet.

He promised that he would, and the saint prayed for the sick child, and he was instantly better.