gad

gād (canonical feminine)
gād (nominative singular)
gāda (nominative plural)
gāde (nominative plural)
gāde (accusative singular)
gāda (accusative plural)
gāde (accusative plural)
gāde (genitive singular)
gāda (genitive plural)
gāde (dative singular)
gādum (dative plural)

Middle English: gade, gode

English: goad

Scots: gade, gaid

From Proto-West Germanic *gaidu, from Proto-Germanic *gaidō.


bint

third-person singular present indicative of bindan


budda

buddan (nominative plural)
budda (nominative singular)
buddan (nominative plural)
buddan (accusative singular)
buddan (accusative plural)
buddan (genitive singular)
buddena (genitive plural)
buddan (dative singular)
buddum (dative plural)

Middle English: budde, boude, boode

English: boud; bug

From Proto-West Germanic *buʀdō, from Proto-Germanic *buzdô (“beetle, grub, swelling”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰūs- (“to move quickly”). Cognate with Middle Low German buddech (“thick, swollen”), Low German budde (“louse, grub”), Old Norse budda (“purse”). See bug.


lys

inflection of lūs:
nominative/accusative plural


recede

inflection of reċċan:
first/third-person singular preterite

first/third-person singular preterite subjunctive


strand

strand (nominative singular)
strand (nominative plural)
strand (accusative singular)
strand (accusative plural)
strandes (genitive singular)
stranda (genitive plural)
strande (dative singular)
strandum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: strand, strande, stround, stronde, strond
English: strand
Scots: strand
Yola: sthroane, sthroan, sthrone, stronde

→ Old French: estrande, estran

c. 990, Wessex Gospels, "Gospel of Saint John", chapter 21, verse 4

Certainly at early morning the Healer (Jesus) stood at the shore; Though the disciples did not recognise that it was the Healer (Jesus).

Witodlīce on ǣrne merġen sē Hǣlend stōd on þām strande; ne ġecnēowon þēah ðā leorningcnihtas þæt hit sē Hǣlend wæs.


toll

Middle English: toll

English: toll

Scots: towl

From Proto-Germanic *tollą, from Vulgar Latin toloneum, from Late Latin teloneum, from Ancient Greek τελώνιον (telṓnion, “toll-house”), from τέλος (télos, “tax”).
Germanic cognates include Old Saxon tol (Dutch tol), Old High German zol (German Zoll), Old Norse tollr (Swedish tull). See also parallel forms represented by Old English toln.


-a

-a (nominative singular)
-an (nominative plural)
-an (accusative singular)
-an (accusative plural)
-an (genitive singular)
-ena (genitive plural)
-an (dative singular)
-um (dative plural)

Middle English: -e

From Proto-West Germanic *-ō, from Proto-Germanic *-ô. Cognate with Old High German -o.

ācweorna

fola

draca

grīma

heorra

eald (“old”) + -a → (sē) ealda (“(the/that) old; (the/that) old one/thing”)

used to form the nominative singular n-stem (weak) adjective and subsequent nominalised form

ġiefan (“to give”) + -a → ġiefa (“giver”)

dēman (“to judge”) + -a → dēma (“a judge”)

cuman (“to come”) + -a → cuma (“guest”)

used to form masculine agents, usually from verbs


-a

Middle English: -e (fossilised)

From Proto-West Germanic *-ō, from Proto-Germanic *-ô.


-a

sunu (“son”) + -a → suna (“sons, sons'”)

talu (“tale”) + -a → tala (“tales, tales'”)

Forms the nominative, accusative, and genitive plural of o-stem feminine nouns and u-stem masculine nouns


-a

word (“word”) + -a → worda (“words'”)

Forms the genitive plural of a-stem nouns


-a

sunu (“son”) + -a → suna (“son's, son”)

Forms the genitive and dative singular of u-stem nouns


-an

-an (infinitive)
-enne (infinitive)
-e (first-person present singular)
-de (first-person past singular)
-est (present second-person singular)
-st (present second-person singular)
-dest (past second-person singular)
-eþ (present singular third-person)
-þ (present singular third-person)
-de (past singular third-person)
-aþ (plural present)
-don (past plural)
-e (present singular)
-de (past singular)
-en (plural present)
-den (past plural)
-aþ (imperative past plural present)
-ende (imperative present)
-ed (imperative past)

singan

niman

(verbal suffix) used to form the infinitive of most class I verbs (exceptions are verbs like flēon (“to flee”))


-an

From Proto-West Germanic *-anā, from Proto-Germanic *-anē.

ēastan

westan


-an

Forms the accusative, genitive, and dative singular and nominative and accusative plural of n-stem nouns


wig

wīġ (canonical neuter)
wīġ (nominative singular)
wīg (nominative plural)
wīġ (accusative singular)
wīg (accusative plural)
wīġes (genitive singular)
wīga (genitive plural)
wīġe (dative singular)
wīgum (dative plural)

Middle English: wiȝe, wi, wy

Oft iċ wīġ sēo, frēcne feohtan.


wig

wīġ (canonical masculine)
wīġ (nominative singular)
wīġ (nominative plural)
wīġ (accusative singular)
wīġ (accusative plural)
wīġes (genitive singular)
wīġa (genitive plural)
wīġe (dative singular)
wīġum (dative plural)


giefan

ġiefan (canonical)
ġiefan (infinitive)
ġiefenne (infinitive)
ġiefe (first-person present singular)
ġeaf (first-person past singular)
ġiefst (present second-person singular)
ġēafe (past second-person singular)
ġiefþ (present singular third-person)
ġeaf (past singular third-person)
ġiefaþ (plural present)
ġēafon (past plural)
ġiefe (present singular)
ġēafe (past singular)
ġiefen (plural present)
ġēafen (past plural)
ġief (imperative past present singular)
ġiefaþ (imperative past plural present)
ġiefende (imperative present)
ġefen (imperative past)
ġeġefen (imperative past)

desctree

Middle English: yiven, ȝeven, ȝiven, yeven
English: yive
Yola: yie, ye, yive

i

influenced by Old Norse <i class="Latn mention" lang="non">gefa</i>

⇒ Middle English: given, gifen, geven
English: give
Scots: gie, geve, gewe, gif, gyf, gefe
Yola: gee
 (influenced by Old Norse gefa)

The Legend of St. Andrew in Verse
...Ne ġedafenað þē nū þē dryhten ġeaf welan and wiste and woruldspēde,...

...It befitteth thee not since to thee the Lord hath given wealth and abundance and worldly prosperity,...

c. 1011, "Byrhtferth's Manual", line 125


mist

mist (nominative singular)
mistas (nominative plural)
mist (accusative singular)
mistas (accusative plural)
mistes (genitive singular)
mista (genitive plural)
miste (dative singular)
mistum (dative plural)

Middle English: mist

Scots: mist

English: mist


wergeld

werġeld (canonical neuter)
werġeld (nominative singular)
werġeld (nominative plural)
werġeld (accusative singular)
werġeld (accusative plural)
werġeldes (genitive singular)
werġelda (genitive plural)
werġelde (dative singular)
werġeldum (dative plural)


rap

rāp (canonical masculine)
rāp (nominative singular)
rāpas (nominative plural)
rāp (accusative singular)
rāpas (accusative plural)
rāpes (genitive singular)
rāpa (genitive plural)
rāpe (dative singular)
rāpum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: rop, rap, rope, roop, roope
English: rope, roap, roape
→ Irish: rópa
Tok Pisin: rop
Scots: raip
→ Old French: rap

From Proto-West Germanic *raip, from Proto-Germanic *raipaz, *raipą (“rope, cord, band, ringlet”), from Proto-Indo-European *roypnós (“strap, band, rope”). Compare Old Frisian rāp (West Frisian reap), Old Dutch reip, rēp (Dutch reep), Old High German reif (German Reif).


-on

(rare) Alternative form of -en (suffix forming past participles)


ma

From Proto-Germanic *maiz. Cognate with Old Frisian mā, Old Saxon mēr, Old Dutch mēr, Old High German mēr, Old Norse meir, Gothic 𐌼𐌰𐌹𐍃 (mais).

late 9th century, King Alfred's translation of Boethius' Metres of Boethius, lines 85-89

By that is betokened, that his trust shall, and his mind, more upwards than downwards aspire to the heavens.

Mid þȳ is ġetācnod þæt his trēowa sceal, and his mōdġeþonc, mā up þonne niþer habban tō heofonum.

The Life of Saint Margaret
Sēo hāliġe fǣmne him andswarode and cwæþ, "Nis mē ālīefed þæt iċ þē tō seċġe, for þon þū neart nā wierðe mīne stefne tō ġehīerenne. Godes bebodu iċ wille ġehīeran and ġecȳðan. And þū, dēofol, ādumba nū, for þon þe iċ nylle nān word mā of þīnum mūðe ġehīeran."
The holy virgin answered him and said, "I’m not allowed to tell you, because you don't deserve to hear my voice. God's commandments are what I want to hear and impart. And you, demon, be quiet now, because I don't want to hear one more word out of your mouth."

late 9th century, King Alfred's translation of Boethius' The Consolation of Philosophy
Nū ðū þæt swā openlīce onġiten hæfst, ne þearfe ic nū nauht swīþe ymbe þ swincan þæt ic þē mā be gode recce.

Since thou hast so clearly understood this, I need not now greatly labour in order that I may instruct thee further concerning good;...


ma

late 10th century, Ælfric, "Saint Maur, Abbot"
Þā ġecwæð sē abbod and ealle þā ġebrōðra þæt þēr ne mihte nā mā muneca wunian...

Then said the abbot and all the brothers, that no more monks could dwell there...


bliss

bliss (nominative singular)
blissa (nominative plural)
blisse (nominative plural)
blisse (accusative singular)
blissa (accusative plural)
blisse (accusative plural)
blisse (genitive singular)
blissa (genitive plural)
blisse (dative singular)
blissum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: blys, blice, blisce, blise, blesse
English: bliss

From earlier blīds, blīþs, from Proto-West Germanic *blīþisi.

Iċ…, eald ǣfensceōp, eorlum bringe blisse in burgum.

I…, old evening scop, bring bliss in towns for brave men.


wif

wīf (canonical neuter)
wīf (nominative singular)
wīf (nominative plural)
wīf (accusative singular)
wīf (accusative plural)
wīfes (genitive singular)
wīfa (genitive plural)
wīfe (dative singular)
wīfum (dative plural)

Middle English: wyf, wife, wif, wiff, wiffe, wijf, wive, wyfe, wyff, wyve
English: wife (see there for further descendants)
Scots: wife

From Proto-West Germanic *wīb, from Proto-Germanic *wībą, of uncertain origin.
Cognate with Old Frisian wīf, Old Saxon wīf, Old Dutch wīf, Old High German wīb, Old Norse víf.

c. 992, Ælfric, "The Annunciation of St. Mary"
Ūs becōm dēaþ and forwyrd þurh wīf, and ūs becōm eft līf and hredding þurh wīfmann.

Death and disaster came to us through a woman [Eve], and then life and salvation came to us through a woman [Mary].

c. 990, Wessex Gospels, John 4:27

His disciples were amazed that he was talking to a woman, though none of them said “What are you looking for?” or “Why are you talking to her?”

His leornungcneohtas wundrodon þæt hē wiþ wīf spræc, þēah heora nān ne cwæþ “Hwæt sēcst þū?” oþþe “Hwæt spricst þū wiþ hīe?”

c. 995, Ælfric, Extracts on Grammar in English
Ǣġðer is mann ġe wer ġe wīf.

late 9th century, King Alfred's translation of Boethius' The Consolation of Philosophy
Swīðe wynsum hit biþ þæt man wīf hæbbe and bearn.

It's very pleasant to have a wife and children.


wid

wīd (canonical)
wīd (masculine nominative singular)
wīd (feminine nominative singular)
wīd (neuter nominative singular)
wīdne (accusative masculine singular)
wīde (accusative feminine singular)
wīd (accusative neuter singular)
wīdes (genitive masculine singular)
wīdre (feminine genitive singular)
wīdes (genitive neuter singular)
wīdum (dative masculine singular)
wīdre (dative feminine singular)
wīdum (dative neuter singular)
wīde (instrumental masculine singular)
wīdre (feminine instrumental singular)
wīde (instrumental neuter singular)
wīde (masculine nominative plural)
wīda (feminine nominative plural)
wīde (feminine nominative plural)
wīd (neuter nominative plural)
wīde (accusative masculine plural)
wīda (accusative feminine plural)
wīde (accusative feminine plural)
wīd (accusative neuter plural)
wīdra (genitive masculine plural)
wīdra (feminine genitive plural)
wīdra (genitive neuter plural)
wīdum (dative masculine plural)
wīdum (dative feminine plural)
wīdum (dative neuter plural)
wīdum (instrumental masculine plural)
wīdum (feminine instrumental plural)
wīdum (instrumental neuter plural)
wīda (masculine nominative singular)
wīde (feminine nominative singular)
wīde (neuter nominative singular)
wīdan (accusative masculine singular)
wīdan (accusative feminine singular)
wīde (accusative neuter singular)
wīdan (genitive masculine singular)
wīdan (feminine genitive singular)
wīdan (genitive neuter singular)
wīdan (dative masculine singular)
wīdan (dative feminine singular)
wīdan (dative neuter singular)
wīdan (instrumental masculine singular)
wīdan (feminine instrumental singular)
wīdan (instrumental neuter singular)
wīdan (masculine nominative plural)
wīdan (feminine nominative plural)
wīdan (neuter nominative plural)
wīdan (accusative masculine plural)
wīdan (accusative feminine plural)
wīdan (accusative neuter plural)
wīdra (genitive masculine plural)
wīdena (genitive masculine plural)
wīdra (feminine genitive plural)
wīdena (feminine genitive plural)
wīdra (genitive neuter plural)
wīdena (genitive neuter plural)
wīdum (dative masculine plural)
wīdum (dative feminine plural)
wīdum (dative neuter plural)
wīdum (instrumental masculine plural)
wīdum (feminine instrumental plural)
wīdum (instrumental neuter plural)

Middle English: wid, wyd

English: wide

Scots: wid, wyd

From Proto-Germanic *wīdaz. Cognate with Old Frisian wīd, Old Saxon wīdo and Old Dutch wīdo, Old High German wīt, Old Norse víðr.

wīdcūþ

wīdfæþme

wīdmǣrsian


Estland

Ēstland (canonical neuter)
Ēstland (nominative singular)
Ēstland (accusative singular)
Ēstlandes (genitive singular)
Ēstlande (dative singular)

Middle English: Ēstland

Derived from the plural noun Ēste (“the Estonians”), from the name of the Aestii tribe (see Wikipedia). The first element could also be an unattested singular form *Ēst, from the same source. In any case, the second element is land.


hire

Middle English: hire, hir, hyre, hyr, ire, ir, here, her, ere, er, heyre, heore, hare, hure, hur, hurre, huere
English: her
Scots: her
Yola: her


pic

piċ (canonical neuter)
piċ (nominative singular)
piċ (nominative plural)
piċ (accusative singular)
piċ (accusative plural)
piċes (genitive singular)
piċa (genitive plural)
piċe (dative singular)
piċum (dative plural)

desc

Middle English: pik, pikk, pike, pikke, pich, piche, picche

desctree

English: pitch
→ Galician: piche
→ Portuguese: piche

Scots: pick

→ Middle Irish: pic, picc

Irish: pic


swift

ang-adj

swift (comparative swiftra, superlative swiftost)

swiftra (comparative)
swiftost (superlative)
swift (masculine nominative singular)
swift (feminine nominative singular)
swift (neuter nominative singular)
swiftne (accusative masculine singular)
swifte (accusative feminine singular)
swift (accusative neuter singular)
swiftes (genitive masculine singular)
swiftre (feminine genitive singular)
swiftes (genitive neuter singular)
swiftum (dative masculine singular)
swiftre (dative feminine singular)
swiftum (dative neuter singular)
swifte (instrumental masculine singular)
swiftre (feminine instrumental singular)
swifte (instrumental neuter singular)
swifte (masculine nominative plural)
swifta (feminine nominative plural)
swifte (feminine nominative plural)
swift (neuter nominative plural)
swifte (accusative masculine plural)
swifta (accusative feminine plural)
swifte (accusative feminine plural)
swift (accusative neuter plural)
swiftra (genitive masculine plural)
swiftra (feminine genitive plural)
swiftra (genitive neuter plural)
swiftum (dative masculine plural)
swiftum (dative feminine plural)
swiftum (dative neuter plural)
swiftum (instrumental masculine plural)
swiftum (feminine instrumental plural)
swiftum (instrumental neuter plural)
swifta (masculine nominative singular)
swifte (feminine nominative singular)
swifte (neuter nominative singular)
swiftan (accusative masculine singular)
swiftan (accusative feminine singular)
swifte (accusative neuter singular)
swiftan (genitive masculine singular)
swiftan (feminine genitive singular)
swiftan (genitive neuter singular)
swiftan (dative masculine singular)
swiftan (dative feminine singular)
swiftan (dative neuter singular)
swiftan (instrumental masculine singular)
swiftan (feminine instrumental singular)
swiftan (instrumental neuter singular)
swiftan (masculine nominative plural)
swiftan (feminine nominative plural)
swiftan (neuter nominative plural)
swiftan (accusative masculine plural)
swiftan (accusative feminine plural)
swiftan (accusative neuter plural)
swiftra (genitive masculine plural)
swiftena (genitive masculine plural)
swiftra (feminine genitive plural)
swiftena (feminine genitive plural)
swiftra (genitive neuter plural)
swiftena (genitive neuter plural)
swiftum (dative masculine plural)
swiftum (dative feminine plural)
swiftum (dative neuter plural)
swiftum (instrumental masculine plural)
swiftum (feminine instrumental plural)
swiftum (instrumental neuter plural)

English: swift


late

ang-adv

late (comparative lator, superlative latost)

lator (comparative)
latost (superlative)

Adverbial form of læt, composed with the suffix -e.


sure

desctree

Middle English: soure, sure, shoure
Yola: zour


batt

Middle English: bat, batt, batte, bot
English: bat, batt
Scots: bat
Yola: bath, bat
→ Irish: bata
→ Scottish Gaelic: bata


ur

ūr (canonical masculine)
ūr (nominative singular)
ūras (nominative plural)
ūr (accusative singular)
ūras (accusative plural)
ūres (genitive singular)
ūra (genitive plural)
ūre (dative singular)
ūrum (dative plural)

Middle English: oure (rare)

From Proto-Germanic *ūraz. This root survives in the modern English aurochs (though that word is a loan from German), hence its meaning.

The Old English rune poem
ᚢ byþ ānmōd and oferhyrnded...

The aurochs is steadfast and great-horned...


bade

inflection of bād:
accusative singular/plural

inflection of bād:
genitive/dative singular


coss

coss (nominative singular)
cossas (nominative plural)
coss (accusative singular)
cossas (accusative plural)
cosses (genitive singular)
cossa (genitive plural)
cosse (dative singular)
cossum (dative plural)

Middle English: cos, cus, kis, kys, kysse, kesse
English: kiss
Scots: kis
Yola: kesse

mid ānum cosse of þē


-s

-s (nominative singular)
-sa (nominative plural)
-se (nominative plural)
-se (accusative singular)
-sa (accusative plural)
-se (accusative plural)
-se (genitive singular)
-sa (genitive plural)
-se (dative singular)
-sum (dative plural)

From Proto-West Germanic *-issju, *-ussju, from Proto-Germanic *-isjō, *-usjō.

milde (“gentle, mild”) + -s → milts (“mercy”) (earlier milds)

līþe (“gentle, limber”) + -s → liss (“grace”) (earlier liþs)

cweþan (“to say, speak”) + -s → cwiss (“a saying”) (earlier cwiþs)

(often affects the value or quality of preceding consonants, may or may not cause i-mutation) Feminine noun suffix forming nouns from adjectives and verbs

often affects the value or quality of preceding consonants; may or may not cause i-mutation; often affects the value or quality of preceding consonants; may or may not cause i-mutation


alan

alan (infinitive)
alenne (infinitive)
ale (first-person present singular)
ōl (first-person past singular)
ælest (present second-person singular)
ælst (present second-person singular)
ōle (past second-person singular)
æleþ (present singular third-person)
ælþ (present singular third-person)
ōl (past singular third-person)
alaþ (plural present)
ōlon (past plural)
ale (present singular)
ōle (past singular)
alen (plural present)
ōlen (past plural)
al (imperative past present singular)
alaþ (imperative past plural present)
alende (imperative present)
ælen (imperative past)
ġeælen (imperative past)
alen (imperative past)
ġealen (imperative past)

From Proto-Germanic *alaną (“to nourish, grow”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- (“to grow”).


carl

From Old Norse karl (Danish karl (“man”), Swedish karl (“man”)), from Proto-Germanic *karilaz (“man, male”). Cognate with Old High German karl, karal and related to Old English ċeorl.

a freeman, a man of middle rank or social class (in Norse and Anglo-Saxon society)

carlcatt

carlfugol


bide

first-person singular present indicative

inflection of bīdan:
singular present subjunctive


bitt

third-person singular present indicative of bītan


crump

English: crump


cyst

head

cyst f (nominative plural cyste or cysta)

cyste (nominative plural)
cysta (nominative plural)
cyst (nominative singular)
cyste (nominative plural)
cysta (nominative plural)
cyst (accusative singular)
cyste (accusative singular)
cyste (accusative plural)
cysta (accusative plural)
cyste (genitive singular)
cysta (genitive plural)
cyste (dative singular)
cystum (dative plural)

i

Middle English: custe, coste (the latter, possibly through Old Norse)

Scots: cost, kost, coust

English: cost (“manner, way”)

From Proto-Germanic *kustiz, *kustuz (“choice, trial”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵéwstus.
Cognate with Old Saxon cust (Dutch kust), Old High German chust, Old Norse kostr (“choose, chance, opportunity, value”).


dyne

dyne (nominative singular)
dynas (nominative plural)
dyne (accusative singular)
dynas (accusative plural)
dynes (genitive singular)
dyna (genitive plural)
dyne (dative singular)
dynum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: dynne, den, dene, deone, din, dine, done, dune, dyn, dyne
English: din, dun
Scots: dyn, din


team

tēam (canonical masculine)
tēamas (nominative plural)
tēam (nominative singular)
tēamas (nominative plural)
tēam (accusative singular)
tēamas (accusative plural)
tēames (genitive singular)
tēama (genitive plural)
tēame (dative singular)
tēamum (dative plural)

Middle English: tem, teem, teeme, teme, teome, them, theam, tæm, team (Early Middle English)
English: team (see there for further descendants)
Scots: team

From Proto-West Germanic *taum, from Proto-Germanic *taumaz (“pull, draw”).

an Anglo-Saxon legal procedure in a stolen goods suit


eft

Middle English: eft

English: eft

From Proto-Germanic *aftiz. Cognate with Old Frisian eft, Old Saxon eft, Old Norse ept.

Hē ātēah eft his sweord, and eft hit līehte on þīestrum þurh hit self.

He took out his sword again, and again it flashed in the dark by itself.

late 10th century, Ælfric, "Saint Maur, Abbot"
...and hēt hine warnian, ġif he wolde libban, þæt hē nǣre on ðām mynstre nǣfre eft ġesewen...

...and gave orders to warn him, if he wished to live, that he should never be seen in the monastery again...

late 9th century, King Alfred's translation of Saint Augustine's Soliloquies
Ne āġyf mē nǣfre eft hym,...

c. 992, Ælfric, "Sermon on the Beginning of Creation"
Þā behēt God þæt hē nolde nǣfre eft eall mancynn mid wætre ācwellan.

Then God promised that he would never again destroy all of humanity with water.

Ġif man lange staraþ on þā neowolnesse, staraþ sēo neowolnes eft on hine.

If you gaze too long into the abyss, the abyss stares back into you.

c. 992, Ælfric, "Saint Maur, Abbot"
Þā ēode sē prēost eft tō his weorce.

c. 990, Wessex Gospels, Matthew 26:52

Then Jesus said to him, "Put your sword back in its sheath."

Þā cwæþ sē Hǣlend tō him, "Dō þīn sweord eft on his sċēaðe."


brant

brant (masculine nominative singular)
brant (feminine nominative singular)
brant (neuter nominative singular)
brantne (accusative masculine singular)
brante (accusative feminine singular)
brant (accusative neuter singular)
brantes (genitive masculine singular)
brantre (feminine genitive singular)
brantes (genitive neuter singular)
brantum (dative masculine singular)
brantre (dative feminine singular)
brantum (dative neuter singular)
brante (instrumental masculine singular)
brantre (feminine instrumental singular)
brante (instrumental neuter singular)
brante (masculine nominative plural)
branta (feminine nominative plural)
brante (feminine nominative plural)
brant (neuter nominative plural)
brante (accusative masculine plural)
branta (accusative feminine plural)
brante (accusative feminine plural)
brant (accusative neuter plural)
brantra (genitive masculine plural)
brantra (feminine genitive plural)
brantra (genitive neuter plural)
brantum (dative masculine plural)
brantum (dative feminine plural)
brantum (dative neuter plural)
brantum (instrumental masculine plural)
brantum (feminine instrumental plural)
brantum (instrumental neuter plural)
branta (masculine nominative singular)
brante (feminine nominative singular)
brante (neuter nominative singular)
brantan (accusative masculine singular)
brantan (accusative feminine singular)
brante (accusative neuter singular)
brantan (genitive masculine singular)
brantan (feminine genitive singular)
brantan (genitive neuter singular)
brantan (dative masculine singular)
brantan (dative feminine singular)
brantan (dative neuter singular)
brantan (instrumental masculine singular)
brantan (feminine instrumental singular)
brantan (instrumental neuter singular)
brantan (masculine nominative plural)
brantan (feminine nominative plural)
brantan (neuter nominative plural)
brantan (accusative masculine plural)
brantan (accusative feminine plural)
brantan (accusative neuter plural)
brantra (genitive masculine plural)
brantena (genitive masculine plural)
brantra (feminine genitive plural)
brantena (feminine genitive plural)
brantra (genitive neuter plural)
brantena (genitive neuter plural)
brantum (dative masculine plural)
brantum (dative feminine plural)
brantum (dative neuter plural)
brantum (instrumental masculine plural)
brantum (feminine instrumental plural)
brantum (instrumental neuter plural)

Middle English: brant, brent

English: brant

Scots: brent

From Proto-West Germanic *brant, from Proto-Germanic *brantaz (“high, steep, towering”), of uncertain origin, but possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bʰren- (“to project”), related to Old Norse brant (“precipice”), Old Norse bretta (“to lift up, raise”), Latvian bruôds (“roof ridge”).
Cognate also with Old Norse brattr (“steep, towering, harsh, difficult”), Old Swedish branter, Faroese and Icelandic brattur, Danish brat, Norwegian bratt, Swedish brant.

unc

uncertain


floc

Middle English: floke, fluke, flewke

English: fluke

Scots: fluke, fluik

From Proto-West Germanic *flōk, from Proto-Germanic *flōką, from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₂- (“flat, broad”).


holm

holmas (nominative plural)
holm (nominative singular)
holmas (nominative plural)
holm (accusative singular)
holmas (accusative plural)
holmes (genitive singular)
holma (genitive plural)
holme (dative singular)
holmum (dative plural)

Middle English: holm, holme

English: holm

Scots: holm, houm

From Proto-West Germanic *holm (“island”), though the meaning was influenced by Old Norse holmr.
Cognate with Old Saxon holm (German Holm), Old Dutch holm (Dutch holm); also Latin culmen (“peak”); compare culminate.

Ða wæs heofonweardes gast ofer holm boren.

The spirit of God moved upon the face of the waters.


glom

glōm (canonical masculine)
glōm (nominative singular)
glōmas (nominative plural)
glōm (accusative singular)
glōmas (accusative plural)
glōmes (genitive singular)
glōma (genitive plural)
glōme (dative singular)
glōmum (dative plural)

Middle English: *glom

English: gloom

Scots: glom, gloam

From Proto-West Germanic *glōm, from Proto-Germanic *glōmaz. Cognate with Norwegian glom (“transparent cuticle or membrane”).


blat

ang-adj

blāt (comparative blātra, superlative blātast, adverb blāte)

blāt (canonical)
blātra (comparative)
blātast (superlative)
blāte (adverb)
blāt (masculine nominative singular)
blāt (feminine nominative singular)
blāt (neuter nominative singular)
blātne (accusative masculine singular)
blāte (accusative feminine singular)
blāt (accusative neuter singular)
blātes (genitive masculine singular)
blātre (feminine genitive singular)
blātes (genitive neuter singular)
blātum (dative masculine singular)
blātre (dative feminine singular)
blātum (dative neuter singular)
blāte (instrumental masculine singular)
blātre (feminine instrumental singular)
blāte (instrumental neuter singular)
blāte (masculine nominative plural)
blāta (feminine nominative plural)
blāte (feminine nominative plural)
blāt (neuter nominative plural)
blāte (accusative masculine plural)
blāta (accusative feminine plural)
blāte (accusative feminine plural)
blāt (accusative neuter plural)
blātra (genitive masculine plural)
blātra (feminine genitive plural)
blātra (genitive neuter plural)
blātum (dative masculine plural)
blātum (dative feminine plural)
blātum (dative neuter plural)
blātum (instrumental masculine plural)
blātum (feminine instrumental plural)
blātum (instrumental neuter plural)
blāta (masculine nominative singular)
blāte (feminine nominative singular)
blāte (neuter nominative singular)
blātan (accusative masculine singular)
blātan (accusative feminine singular)
blāte (accusative neuter singular)
blātan (genitive masculine singular)
blātan (feminine genitive singular)
blātan (genitive neuter singular)
blātan (dative masculine singular)
blātan (dative feminine singular)
blātan (dative neuter singular)
blātan (instrumental masculine singular)
blātan (feminine instrumental singular)
blātan (instrumental neuter singular)
blātan (masculine nominative plural)
blātan (feminine nominative plural)
blātan (neuter nominative plural)
blātan (accusative masculine plural)
blātan (accusative feminine plural)
blātan (accusative neuter plural)
blātra (genitive masculine plural)
blātena (genitive masculine plural)
blātra (feminine genitive plural)
blātena (feminine genitive plural)
blātra (genitive neuter plural)
blātena (genitive neuter plural)
blātum (dative masculine plural)
blātum (dative feminine plural)
blātum (dative neuter plural)
blātum (instrumental masculine plural)
blātum (feminine instrumental plural)
blātum (instrumental neuter plural)

desc

Middle English: *blat, *blate, *blot, *blote

>? Scots: blate, blait

From Proto-West Germanic *blait, from Proto-Germanic *blaitaz. Cognate with Old High German bleizza (“stain, blue, livor”).


dor

dōr (canonical neuter)
dōr (nominative singular)
dōr (nominative plural)
dōr (accusative singular)
dōr (accusative plural)
dōres (genitive singular)
dōra (genitive plural)
dōre (dative singular)
dōrum (dative plural)

Middle English: dor, dore

English: door

From Proto-West Germanic *dor.
Cognate with Old Saxon dor, Old High German tor (German Tor (“gate”)), Gothic 𐌳𐌰𐌿𐍂 (daur). The Germanic word also existed with the stem *durz (see Old English duru, German Tür). Indo-European cognates include Greek θυρα (thyra), Latin foris, Lithuanian dùrys, Old Church Slavonic двьрь (dvĭrĭ) (Russian дверь (dverʹ)).


oft

ang-adv

oft (comparative oftor, superlative oftost)

oftor (comparative)
oftost (superlative)

desctree

Middle English: ofte, oft
English: oft, often
Scots: aft, aften

Oft him ānhaga · āre gebīdeð,
Metudes miltse, · þēah þe hē mōdċeariġ

A loner oft waits a grace for himself,
Creator's mercy, even if he is sorrowful

Oft iċ wīġ sēo, frēcne feohtan.


hod

hōd (canonical masculine)
hōd (nominative singular)
hōdas (nominative plural)
hōd (accusative singular)
hōdas (accusative plural)
hōdes (genitive singular)
hōda (genitive plural)
hōde (dative singular)
hōdum (dative plural)

English: hood


brad

brād (canonical)
brādost (superlative)
brād (masculine nominative singular)
brād (feminine nominative singular)
brād (neuter nominative singular)
brādne (accusative masculine singular)
brāde (accusative feminine singular)
brād (accusative neuter singular)
brādes (genitive masculine singular)
brādre (feminine genitive singular)
brādes (genitive neuter singular)
brādum (dative masculine singular)
brādre (dative feminine singular)
brādum (dative neuter singular)
brāde (instrumental masculine singular)
brādre (feminine instrumental singular)
brāde (instrumental neuter singular)
brāde (masculine nominative plural)
brāda (feminine nominative plural)
brāde (feminine nominative plural)
brād (neuter nominative plural)
brāde (accusative masculine plural)
brāda (accusative feminine plural)
brāde (accusative feminine plural)
brād (accusative neuter plural)
brādra (genitive masculine plural)
brādra (feminine genitive plural)
brādra (genitive neuter plural)
brādum (dative masculine plural)
brādum (dative feminine plural)
brādum (dative neuter plural)
brādum (instrumental masculine plural)
brādum (feminine instrumental plural)
brādum (instrumental neuter plural)
brāda (masculine nominative singular)
brāde (feminine nominative singular)
brāde (neuter nominative singular)
brādan (accusative masculine singular)
brādan (accusative feminine singular)
brāde (accusative neuter singular)
brādan (genitive masculine singular)
brādan (feminine genitive singular)
brādan (genitive neuter singular)
brādan (dative masculine singular)
brādan (dative feminine singular)
brādan (dative neuter singular)
brādan (instrumental masculine singular)
brādan (feminine instrumental singular)
brādan (instrumental neuter singular)
brādan (masculine nominative plural)
brādan (feminine nominative plural)
brādan (neuter nominative plural)
brādan (accusative masculine plural)
brādan (accusative feminine plural)
brādan (accusative neuter plural)
brādra (genitive masculine plural)
brādena (genitive masculine plural)
brādra (feminine genitive plural)
brādena (feminine genitive plural)
brādra (genitive neuter plural)
brādena (genitive neuter plural)
brādum (dative masculine plural)
brādum (dative feminine plural)
brādum (dative neuter plural)
brādum (instrumental masculine plural)
brādum (feminine instrumental plural)
brādum (instrumental neuter plural)

Middle English: brood, brod, brode
English: broad
Scots: braid
Yola: brode


lar

lār (canonical feminine)
lāre (nominative plural)
lār (nominative singular)
lāra (nominative plural)
lāre (nominative plural)
lāre (accusative singular)
lāra (accusative plural)
lāre (accusative plural)
lāre (genitive singular)
lāra (genitive plural)
lāre (dative singular)
lārum (dative plural)

Middle English: lore, lar, lare, layre, lere, leyre, loore, lære, leore, loare (Early Middle English)
English: lore
→ Russian: лор (lor)
→ Ukrainian: лор (lor)
Scots: lare, lair

From Proto-West Germanic *laiʀu, from Proto-Germanic *laizō, from *laizijaną (“to teach”). Cognate with Old Saxon lēra, Dutch leer, Old High German lēra (German Lehre).

late 10th century, Ælfric, "Passion of Saint Sebastian, Martyr"
Sebastianus hatte sum halig godes ðegn se wæs lange on lare on mediolana byrig and wearð on criste gefullod mid fullum geleafan.

There was a holy servant of God, called Sebastian, who was a long time in the city of Milan for education, and was baptized into Christ with full faith.

late 10th century, Ælfric, "Saint George, Martyr"
Nāst þū lā Geori þæt ūre godas swincað mid þē and ġit hī synd ġeþyldiġe þæt hī þe miltsion. Nū lǣre ic ðē swā swā lēofne sunu þæt ðū þæra cristenra lāre forlǣte mid ealle and tō mīnum rǣde hraðe ġebūge swā þæt ðū offriġe þām ārwurðan Appoline and þū mycelne wurðmynt miht swā beġitan.

Knowest thou not, O George, that our gods are striving with thee, and even yet they are patient, that they may pity thee; now I exhort thee, as a beloved son, that thou altogether quit the Christians' doctrine, and quickly incline to my counsel, so that thou sacrifice to the venerable Apollo, and thou mayest so obtain great honour.'

late 10th century, Ælfric, "Saint Eugenia, Virgin"
Ða befæste se fæder philippus to lare þæt heo on woruld-wysdome wǣre getogen æfter greciscre uðwytegunge and lǣdenre getingnysse.

Then her father Philip put her to school that she might be educated in worldly wisdom according to the Greek philosophy and Latin eloquence.


bate

inflection of bāt:
dative/genitive singular

inflection of bāt:
accusative singular/plural


lea

inflection of lēan:
singular present subjunctive


marc

marc (nominative plural)
marc (nominative singular)
marc (nominative plural)
marc (accusative singular)
marc (accusative plural)
marces (genitive singular)
marca (genitive plural)
marce (dative singular)
marcum (dative plural)

Middle English: mark

English: mark

Scots: mark, merk

→ Irish: marg

From Proto-Germanic *marką (“mark, stamp”), possibly via Old Norse mark, mǫrk.


twa

Middle English: two, tuo, (Early ME, Northern ME) twa
English: two, twain (dated), twey (archaic)
Solombala English: ту (tu)
Geordie English: twe
Scots: twa, twae

nominative/accusative feminine/neuter of twēġen


prim

(historical) Prime, the first hour or tide (3-hour period) after dawn

(Christianity) Prime, the divine office appointed for the hour in the liturgy


mete

mete (nominative singular)
metas (nominative plural)
mete (accusative singular)
metas (accusative plural)
metes (genitive singular)
meta (genitive plural)
mete (dative singular)
metum (dative plural)

Middle English: mete, mæte, meet, meete, meate, mette, met
English: meat
Scots: mete, met, meit, mait
Yola: maate, met

late 9th century, King Alfred's translation of Saint Augustine's Soliloquies
Ne lyst mē nāwiht ðāra metta þe ic forhātan habbe, ac mē lyst ðāra þe ic getiohhod habbe tō ætanne, ðonne ic hī gesēo.

I desire none of those meats which I have renounced; I desire those which I have thought right to eat, when I see them.


milt

third-person singular present indicative of meltan


slat

first/third-person singular preterite of slītan


snell

snell (masculine nominative singular)
snell (feminine nominative singular)
snell (neuter nominative singular)
snelne (accusative masculine singular)
snelle (accusative feminine singular)
snell (accusative neuter singular)
snelles (genitive masculine singular)
snelre (feminine genitive singular)
snelles (genitive neuter singular)
snellum (dative masculine singular)
snelre (dative feminine singular)
snellum (dative neuter singular)
snelle (instrumental masculine singular)
snelre (feminine instrumental singular)
snelle (instrumental neuter singular)
snelle (masculine nominative plural)
snella (feminine nominative plural)
snelle (feminine nominative plural)
snell (neuter nominative plural)
snelle (accusative masculine plural)
snella (accusative feminine plural)
snelle (accusative feminine plural)
snell (accusative neuter plural)
snelra (genitive masculine plural)
snelra (feminine genitive plural)
snelra (genitive neuter plural)
snellum (dative masculine plural)
snellum (dative feminine plural)
snellum (dative neuter plural)
snellum (instrumental masculine plural)
snellum (feminine instrumental plural)
snellum (instrumental neuter plural)
snella (masculine nominative singular)
snelle (feminine nominative singular)
snelle (neuter nominative singular)
snellan (accusative masculine singular)
snellan (accusative feminine singular)
snelle (accusative neuter singular)
snellan (genitive masculine singular)
snellan (feminine genitive singular)
snellan (genitive neuter singular)
snellan (dative masculine singular)
snellan (dative feminine singular)
snellan (dative neuter singular)
snellan (instrumental masculine singular)
snellan (feminine instrumental singular)
snellan (instrumental neuter singular)
snellan (masculine nominative plural)
snellan (feminine nominative plural)
snellan (neuter nominative plural)
snellan (accusative masculine plural)
snellan (accusative feminine plural)
snellan (accusative neuter plural)
snelra (genitive masculine plural)
snellena (genitive masculine plural)
snelra (feminine genitive plural)
snellena (feminine genitive plural)
snelra (genitive neuter plural)
snellena (genitive neuter plural)
snellum (dative masculine plural)
snellum (dative feminine plural)
snellum (dative neuter plural)
snellum (instrumental masculine plural)
snellum (feminine instrumental plural)
snellum (instrumental neuter plural)

Middle English: snell

English: snell

Scots: snell

From Proto-West Germanic *snell ("quick, swift"). Cognate with schnell.


lac

lāc (canonical feminine neuter)
lāc (nominative singular)
lāc (nominative plural)
lāc (accusative singular)
lāc (accusative plural)
lāces (genitive singular)
lāca (genitive plural)
lāce (dative singular)
lācum (dative plural)
lāc (nominative singular)
lāca (nominative plural)
lāce (nominative plural)
lāce (accusative singular)
lāca (accusative plural)
lāce (accusative plural)
lāce (genitive singular)
lāca (genitive plural)
lāce (dative singular)
lācum (dative plural)

Middle English: lok, loke, loc, loac, lock, lake, lac
English: lake (dialectal)

From Proto-West Germanic *laik, from Proto-Germanic *laikaz, compare *laikaną. Cognates include Old Norse leikr (whence Danish leg (“game”), Swedish leka (“to play”)), Gothic 𐌻𐌰𐌹𐌺𐍃 (laiks, “dance”).

late 10th century, Ælfric, Lives of Saints
Æfter þisum bebēad sē ablenda Datianus þæt mann his dēadan godas dēorwurþlīċe frætewode and þæt deofles templ mid dēorwurþan seolfre, and hēt þider lǣdan þone, wende þæt hē wolde wurþian his godas and his lāc ġeoffrian þām līflēasum godum.

After this the blinded Datianus ordered that his dead gods be richly adorned and that the Devil's temple be adorned with silver, and ordered the faithful martyr to be brought to there, so that he would worship and offer sacrifices to the lifeless gods.

Hie drihtne lac begen brohton.

They both brought an offering to the Lord.

gift, offering, sacrifice, booty; message


mod

mōd (canonical neuter)
mōd (nominative singular)
mōd (nominative plural)
mōd (accusative singular)
mōd (accusative plural)
mōdes (genitive singular)
mōda (genitive plural)
mōde (dative singular)
mōdum (dative plural)

Middle English: mod, mode, mood

English: mood

Scots: mude, muid

From Proto-Germanic *mōdaz, from Proto-Indo-European *mē-, *mō-. Cognate with Old High German muot (German Mut), Old Saxon mōd, Old Dutch muot (Dutch (ge)moed), Old Norse móðr (“anger, grief”) (Swedish mod), Gothic 𐌼𐍉𐌸𐍃 (mōþs, “anger, emotion”). The Proto-Indo-European root was also the source of Ancient Greek μῶθαι (môthai) and Latin mōs.

Adrian and Ritheus
Mannes mōd biþ on þām hēafde and gǣþ ūt þurh þone mūþ.

A person's mind is in the head and goes out through the mouth.

late 10th century, Ælfric, "Memory of the Saints"
Se feorða leahtor is ira þæt is on englisc weamodnyss. Seo deð þæt se man nah his modes ġeweald and macað manslihtas and mycele yfelu.

The fourth sin is Ira, that is in English, Anger; it causeth that a man have no power over his mind, and bringeth about manslaughters and many evils.

late 9th century, King Alfred's translation of Saint Augustine's Soliloquies
Gyf þonne ǣfre gebyreð þæt þū þē ful hālne and ful trumne ongytst, and hæafst æalle þīne frēond myd þē, ǣġðer ge on mōde ge on līchaman, and on ðām ilcan worce and on ðām ylcan willum ðe ðē best lyst dōn, hweðer þū ðonne wille bēon āwiht blīðe?

If then it ever happen that thou shalt find thyself full whole and full strong, and hast all thy friends with thee, both in mind and in body, and in that same work and in that same will which pleaseth thee best to do, wilt thou then be happy at all?

(in poetry and compounds) courage, pride, zeal, or anger

c. 992, Ælfric, "On the Nativity of our Lord"
Uton lufian ure gebroðra on Godes gelaðunge mid swilcum mōde swa swa ðes cyðere þa lufode his fynd.

Let us love our brothers in God's church with such affection as that with which this martyr loved his foes.


scat

English: shat

first/third-person singular preterite indicative of sċītan


pol

pōl (canonical masculine)
pōl (nominative singular)
pōlas (nominative plural)
pōl (accusative singular)
pōlas (accusative plural)
pōles (genitive singular)
pōla (genitive plural)
pōle (dative singular)
pōlum (dative plural)

English: pool

West Proto-Germanic *pōlaz, of uncertain origin. Cognate with Old High German pfuol (German Pfuhl).


weald

weald (nominative singular)
wealdas (nominative plural)
weald (accusative singular)
wealdas (accusative plural)
wealdes (genitive singular)
wealda (genitive plural)
wealde (dative singular)
wealdum (dative plural)

Middle English: wold, wald, walde, weld, welde, wolde, woolde, wæld (Early Middle English)
English: wold, weald, wald
Scots: wald

From Proto-West Germanic *walþu.
Cognates
See also Old High German wald (German Wald) and Old Norse vǫllr (Faroese vøllur, Norwegian voll, Icelandic völlur). See also the related Anglian-derived term wald.


weald

weald (nominative singular)
weald (accusative singular)
wealdes (genitive singular)
wealde (dative singular)

Middle English: wald

English: wald

From Proto-West Germanic *wald, Proto-Germanic *waldą, whence also Old High German walt, Old Norse vald (Danish vold).


weald

weald (masculine nominative singular)
weald (feminine nominative singular)
weald (neuter nominative singular)
wealdne (accusative masculine singular)
wealde (accusative feminine singular)
weald (accusative neuter singular)
wealdes (genitive masculine singular)
wealdre (feminine genitive singular)
wealdes (genitive neuter singular)
wealdum (dative masculine singular)
wealdre (dative feminine singular)
wealdum (dative neuter singular)
wealde (instrumental masculine singular)
wealdre (feminine instrumental singular)
wealde (instrumental neuter singular)
wealde (masculine nominative plural)
wealda (feminine nominative plural)
wealde (feminine nominative plural)
weald (neuter nominative plural)
wealde (accusative masculine plural)
wealda (accusative feminine plural)
wealde (accusative feminine plural)
weald (accusative neuter plural)
wealdra (genitive masculine plural)
wealdra (feminine genitive plural)
wealdra (genitive neuter plural)
wealdum (dative masculine plural)
wealdum (dative feminine plural)
wealdum (dative neuter plural)
wealdum (instrumental masculine plural)
wealdum (feminine instrumental plural)
wealdum (instrumental neuter plural)
wealda (masculine nominative singular)
wealde (feminine nominative singular)
wealde (neuter nominative singular)
wealdan (accusative masculine singular)
wealdan (accusative feminine singular)
wealde (accusative neuter singular)
wealdan (genitive masculine singular)
wealdan (feminine genitive singular)
wealdan (genitive neuter singular)
wealdan (dative masculine singular)
wealdan (dative feminine singular)
wealdan (dative neuter singular)
wealdan (instrumental masculine singular)
wealdan (feminine instrumental singular)
wealdan (instrumental neuter singular)
wealdan (masculine nominative plural)
wealdan (feminine nominative plural)
wealdan (neuter nominative plural)
wealdan (accusative masculine plural)
wealdan (accusative feminine plural)
wealdan (accusative neuter plural)
wealdra (genitive masculine plural)
wealdena (genitive masculine plural)
wealdra (feminine genitive plural)
wealdena (feminine genitive plural)
wealdra (genitive neuter plural)
wealdena (genitive neuter plural)
wealdum (dative masculine plural)
wealdum (dative feminine plural)
wealdum (dative neuter plural)
wealdum (instrumental masculine plural)
wealdum (feminine instrumental plural)
wealdum (instrumental neuter plural)

From Proto-West Germanic *wald, from Proto-Germanic *waldaz.


torr

torr (nominative singular)
torras (nominative plural)
torr (accusative singular)
torras (accusative plural)
torres (genitive singular)
torra (genitive plural)
torre (dative singular)
torrum (dative plural)

Middle English: tour, thour, tor, tore, toure, towere, towour, tur
English: tower (see there for further descendants)
Scots: tour, towr
Yola: toweare


wean

inflection of wēa:
accusative/genitive/dative singular

inflection of wēa:
nominative/accusative plural


From Proto-West Germanic *nain, from Proto-Germanic *nainaz, equivalent to ne (“not”) + ān (“one”).

nān mann

nān þing

c. 992, Ælfric, "The Assumption of St. John the Apostle"
Iohannes þa gegaderode ðæra gymstana bricas, and beseah to heofonum, þus cweðende, "Drihten Hælend, nis ðe nān ðing earfoðe; þu ge-edstaðelodest ðisne tobrocenan middangeard on þinum geleaffullum, þurh tácen þære halgan rode; ge-edstaðela nu þas deorwurðan gymstanas, ðurh ðinra engla handa, þæt ðas nytenan menn þine mihta oncnāwon, and on þe gelyfon."

John then gathered the fragments of the jewels, and looked to heaven, thus saying, "Lord Jesus, to thee nothing is difficult; thou didst restore this crushed world for thy faithful, through sign of the holy rood; restore now these precious gems, by thy angels' hands, that these ignorant men may acknowledge thy powers, and in thee believe."

c. 992, Ælfric, "The Assumption of St. John the Apostle"
Iohannes þa bead ðreora daga fæsten gemænelice; and he æfter ðam fæstene wearð swa miclum mid Godes gaste afylled, þæt he ealle Godes englas, and ealle gesceafta, mid heahlicum mode oferstáh, and mid ðysum wordum þa godspellican gesetnysse ongan, "In principio erat uerbum, et uerbum erat apud Deum, et Deus erat uerbum, et reliqua:" þæt is on Englisc, "On frymðe wæs word, and þæt word wæs mid Gode, and þæt word wæs God; þis wæs on frymðe mid Gode; ealle ðing sind þurh hine geworhte, and nis nān þing būton him gesceapen."

John then ordered a general fast of three days; and after the fast he was so greatly filled with the spirit of God, that he excelled all God's angels and all creatures with his exalted mind, and began the evangelical memorial with these words, "In principio erat verbum," etc., that is in English, "In the beginning was the word, and the word was with God, and the word was God; this was in the beginning with God; all things are made through him, and without him nothing is created.".

c. 992, Ælfric, "The Assumption of St. John the Apostle"
Nu wæs se bigleofa gemett on Iohannes byrgene, and nān ðing elles; and se mete is weaxende on hire oð ðisne andweardan dæg.

Now this food was found in the grave of John, and nothing else, and the meat is growing in it to this present day.

c. 992, Ælfric, "The Nativity of St. Clement the Martyr"
Wēn is þæt ēower sum cweðe to him sylfum on stillum geðohtum, Hwæt forlēton has ġebroðru, Petrus and Andreas, þe for nēan nān ðing næfdon? ac wē sceolon on þisum ðinge heora gewilnunge swīðor āsmēaġan þonne heora ġestreon.

It is to be expected that one of you in his still thoughts say to himself, What did the brothers, Peter and Andrew, leave, who had almost nothing? but in this case we should rather consider their desire than their possession.

c. 995, Ælfric, Extracts on Grammar in English
Þæt word willan næfþ nān bebēodendlīċ, for þon þe sē willa sċeal bēon ǣfre frī.

The word 'to want' has no imperative, because the will must always be free.


nān (canonical)
nān (masculine nominative singular)

Middle English: noon

Geordie English: nyen

English: none

Scots: nane

Ūre nān ne mæġ tōweardnesse forecweðan.

late 10th century, Ælfric, "The Nativity of St. Clement the Martyr"
Þā cwelleras þā ġeopenodon þæt cweartern and nānne ne ġemētton.

The executioners then opened the prison and found no one.


tat

From Proto-Germanic *taitaz (“serene, tender”). Cognate with Old Norse teitr.


sima

sīma (canonical masculine)
sīma (nominative singular)
sīman (nominative plural)
sīman (accusative singular)
sīman (accusative plural)
sīman (genitive singular)
sīmena (genitive plural)
sīman (dative singular)
sīmum (dative plural)

From Proto-Germanic *sīmô (“rope, cord”), from Proto-Indo-European *seh₁i- (“to tie, bind”).


holt

holt (nominative singular)
holt (nominative plural)
holt (accusative singular)
holt (accusative plural)
holtes (genitive singular)
holta (genitive plural)
holte (dative singular)
holtum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: holt
English: holt, hoult (obsolete)
Scots: holt

From Proto-West Germanic *holt, from Proto-Germanic *hultą.


ream

English: ream

From Proto-West Germanic *raum, from Proto-Germanic *raumaz.
Cognate with Middle Low German rōm, Middle Dutch room, Old High German roum (German Rahm), Old Norse rjúmi (Icelandic rjómi, Norwegian rømme).


wile

third-person singular present indicative of willan


clang

first/third-person singular preterite indicative of clingan


-en

-en (nominative singular)
-enu (nominative plural)
-en (accusative singular)
-enu (accusative plural)
-enes (genitive singular)
-ena (genitive plural)
-ene (dative singular)
-enum (dative plural)

Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *-īn, from Proto-Germanic *-īną.

mæġeþ (“girl”) + -en → mæġden (“girl,” originally “little girl”)

cocc (“rooster”) + -en → ċycen, ċicen (“chick”)

broþ (“broth, brewing”) + -en → bryþen (“brewing, drink”)

(causes i-mutation) used to create diminutive neuter nouns


-en

-en (nominative singular)
-enna (nominative plural)
-enne (nominative plural)
-enne (accusative singular)
-enna (accusative plural)
-enne (accusative plural)
-enne (genitive singular)
-enna (genitive plural)
-enne (dative singular)
-ennum (dative plural)

Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *-ini, from Proto-Germanic *-inī.

inh+

god (“(male) god”) + -en → gyden (“goddess”) (with i-mutation)

þēow (“(male) servant”) + -en → þēowen (“female servant”) (without i-mutation)

(often causes i-mutation) used to create feminine nouns from other nouns


-en

-en (masculine nominative singular)
-enu (feminine nominative singular)
-nu (feminine nominative singular)
-eno (feminine nominative singular)
-no (feminine nominative singular)
-en (neuter nominative singular)
-enne (accusative masculine singular)
-ene (accusative feminine singular)
-ne (accusative feminine singular)
-en (accusative neuter singular)
-enes (genitive masculine singular)
-nes (genitive masculine singular)
-enre (feminine genitive singular)
-enes (genitive neuter singular)
-nes (genitive neuter singular)
-enum (dative masculine singular)
-num (dative masculine singular)
-enre (dative feminine singular)
-enum (dative neuter singular)
-num (dative neuter singular)
-ene (instrumental masculine singular)
-ne (instrumental masculine singular)
-enre (feminine instrumental singular)
-ene (instrumental neuter singular)
-ne (instrumental neuter singular)
-ene (masculine nominative plural)
-ne (masculine nominative plural)
-ena (feminine nominative plural)
-na (feminine nominative plural)
-ene (feminine nominative plural)
-ne (feminine nominative plural)
-enu (neuter nominative plural)
-nu (neuter nominative plural)
-eno (neuter nominative plural)
-no (neuter nominative plural)
-ene (accusative masculine plural)
-ne (accusative masculine plural)
-ena (accusative feminine plural)
-na (accusative feminine plural)
-ene (accusative feminine plural)
-ne (accusative feminine plural)
-enu (accusative neuter plural)
-nu (accusative neuter plural)
-eno (accusative neuter plural)
-no (accusative neuter plural)
-enra (genitive masculine plural)
-enra (feminine genitive plural)
-enra (genitive neuter plural)
-enum (dative masculine plural)
-num (dative masculine plural)
-enum (dative feminine plural)
-num (dative feminine plural)
-enum (dative neuter plural)
-num (dative neuter plural)
-enum (instrumental masculine plural)
-num (instrumental masculine plural)
-enum (feminine instrumental plural)
-num (feminine instrumental plural)
-enum (instrumental neuter plural)
-num (instrumental neuter plural)
-ena (masculine nominative singular)
-na (masculine nominative singular)
-ene (feminine nominative singular)
-ne (feminine nominative singular)
-ene (neuter nominative singular)
-ne (neuter nominative singular)
-enan (accusative masculine singular)
-nan (accusative masculine singular)
-enan (accusative feminine singular)
-nan (accusative feminine singular)
-ene (accusative neuter singular)
-ne (accusative neuter singular)
-enan (genitive masculine singular)
-nan (genitive masculine singular)
-enan (feminine genitive singular)
-nan (feminine genitive singular)
-enan (genitive neuter singular)
-nan (genitive neuter singular)
-enan (dative masculine singular)
-nan (dative masculine singular)
-enan (dative feminine singular)
-nan (dative feminine singular)
-enan (dative neuter singular)
-nan (dative neuter singular)
-enan (instrumental masculine singular)
-nan (instrumental masculine singular)
-enan (feminine instrumental singular)
-nan (feminine instrumental singular)
-enan (instrumental neuter singular)
-nan (instrumental neuter singular)
-enan (masculine nominative plural)
-nan (masculine nominative plural)
-enan (feminine nominative plural)
-nan (feminine nominative plural)
-enan (neuter nominative plural)
-nan (neuter nominative plural)
-enan (accusative masculine plural)
-nan (accusative masculine plural)
-enan (accusative feminine plural)
-nan (accusative feminine plural)
-enan (accusative neuter plural)
-nan (accusative neuter plural)
-enra (genitive masculine plural)
-enena (genitive masculine plural)
-nena (genitive masculine plural)
-enra (feminine genitive plural)
-enena (feminine genitive plural)
-nena (feminine genitive plural)
-enra (genitive neuter plural)
-enena (genitive neuter plural)
-nena (genitive neuter plural)
-enum (dative masculine plural)
-num (dative masculine plural)
-enum (dative feminine plural)
-num (dative feminine plural)
-enum (dative neuter plural)
-num (dative neuter plural)
-enum (instrumental masculine plural)
-num (instrumental masculine plural)
-enum (feminine instrumental plural)
-num (feminine instrumental plural)
-enum (instrumental neuter plural)
-num (instrumental neuter plural)

Middle English: -en

English: -en

Scots: -en, -in

Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *-īn, from Proto-Germanic *-īnaz.

gold (“gold”) + -en → gylden (“golden”)

ātor (“poison”) + -en → ǣtren (“venomous, poisonous”)

stān (“stone”) + -en → stǣnen (“stonen”)

āc (“oak”) + -en → ǣcen (“oaken”)

trēow (“tree”) + -en → triewen (“wooden”)

līn (“flax”) + -en → līnen (“linen”)

sǣ (“sea”) + -en → sǣn (“marine”)

fæder (“father”) + -en → fæderen (“paternal”)

(causes i-mutation) adjectival suffix meaning "material made of, consisting of”, also sometimes “characteristic of”.


-en

Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *-an, from Proto-Germanic *-anaz.

ġecumen

ġecorfen

ġeswōgen

(verbal suffix) past participle ending of strong verbs


-en

Proto-Germanic *-an, from Proto-Germanic *-an-.

tungol (“star”) + -en → tunglen (“of the stars, sidereal, starry”)

fæder (“father”) + -en → fæderen (“paternal, of a father”)

hund (“dog, hound”) + -en → hunden (“canine”)

(adjective suffix) meaning belonging to or characterised by


-en

Inherited from Proto-Germanic *-īni, from Proto-Germanic *-īniz. Sometimes with geminate -nn-, probably due to confusion with the feminine suffix from *-inī.

byrgan (“to bury”) + -en → byrgen (“burying, grave”)

sellan (“to give, grant”) + -en → selen (“giving, gift”)

þicgan (“to take, accept”) + -en → þigen (“taking”) (inflected as strong and weak)

(causes i-mutation) forms nouns from class 1 weak verbs


mere

mere (nominative singular)
meras (nominative plural)
mere (accusative singular)
meras (accusative plural)
meres (genitive singular)
mera (genitive plural)
mere (dative singular)
merum (dative plural)

Middle English: mere

English: mere

Scots: mere

From Proto-West Germanic *mari (“sea, lake”).
Cognates
Cognate with Old Frisian mere (West Frisian mar), Old Saxon meri (Low German Meer), Dutch meer, Old High German meri (German Meer), Old Norse marr (Swedish mar). The Indo-European root is also the source of Latin mare, Old Irish muir (Breton mor), Old Church Slavonic море (more) (Russian мо́ре (móre)), Lithuanian mãre.


mere

mere (nominative singular)
meran (nominative plural)
meran (accusative singular)
meran (accusative plural)
meran (genitive singular)
merena (genitive plural)
meran (dative singular)
merum (dative plural)


dun

dūn (canonical feminine)
dūn (nominative singular)
dūna (nominative plural)
dūne (nominative plural)
dūne (accusative singular)
dūna (accusative plural)
dūne (accusative plural)
dūne (genitive singular)
dūna (genitive plural)
dūne (dative singular)
dūnum (dative plural)

Middle English: doun, doune

English: down

Scots: doun, down

From Proto-West Germanic *dūnu, *dūnā (“sand dune”), possibly from Proto-Germanic *dūnaz (“heap, pile”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂- (“to smoke, fume, raise dust”); or alternatively a late borrowing from Proto-Celtic *dūnom from the same Proto-Indo-European source.

der

Old English Heptateuch, Genesis 22:2

"Take your only-begotten son Isaac, whom you love, and quickly go to the land of Visionis, and sacrifice him there upon a mountain."

"Nim þīnne āncennedan sunu Īsaac, þe þū lufast, and far tō þām lande Visionis hraþe, and ġeoffra hine þǣr uppan ānre dūne."


disc

disċ (canonical masculine)
disċ (nominative singular)
discas (nominative plural)
disċ (accusative singular)
discas (accusative plural)
disċes (genitive singular)
disca (genitive plural)
disċe (dative singular)
discum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: disch, dish, disc
English: dish
Tok Pisin: dis
Scots: dish
Yola: dishe

From Proto-West Germanic *disk, from Latin discus, originally from Ancient Greek δίσκος (dískos, “disk, quoit, platter”).


wale

inflection of walu:
accusative/genitive/dative singular

inflection of walu:
nominative/accusative plural


-o

(Anglian, Kentish) Alternative form of -e, as used to form the first person singular present indicative of strong verbs and class I weak verbs


corona

corōna (canonical masculine)
corōna (nominative singular)
corōnan (nominative plural)
corōnan (accusative singular)
corōnan (accusative plural)
corōnan (genitive singular)
corōnena (genitive plural)
corōnan (dative singular)
corōnum (dative plural)

From Latin corōna, from Ancient Greek κορώνη (korṓnē, “garland, wreath”).


ana

āna (canonical)
āna (masculine nominative singular)
āne (feminine nominative singular)
āne (neuter nominative singular)
ānan (accusative masculine singular)
ānan (accusative feminine singular)
āne (accusative neuter singular)
ānan (genitive masculine singular)
ānan (feminine genitive singular)
ānan (genitive neuter singular)
ānan (dative masculine singular)
ānan (dative feminine singular)
ānan (dative neuter singular)
ānan (instrumental masculine singular)
ānan (feminine instrumental singular)
ānan (instrumental neuter singular)
ānan (masculine nominative plural)
ānan (feminine nominative plural)
ānan (neuter nominative plural)
ānan (accusative masculine plural)
ānan (accusative feminine plural)
ānan (accusative neuter plural)
ānra (genitive masculine plural)
ānena (genitive masculine plural)
ānra (feminine genitive plural)
ānena (feminine genitive plural)
ānra (genitive neuter plural)
ānena (genitive neuter plural)
ānum (dative masculine plural)
ānum (dative feminine plural)
ānum (dative neuter plural)
ānum (instrumental masculine plural)
ānum (feminine instrumental plural)
ānum (instrumental neuter plural)

c. 992, Ælfric, "St. Benedict, Abbot"
Gang nū tō mynstre ġif þū mæġe, and mē āna forlǣt.

Now go to the monastery if you can, and leave me alone.

c. 992, Ælfric, "On the Beginning of Creation"
Þa cwæð God, "Nis na gedafenlic þæt þes man āna beo, and næbbe nænne fultum; ac uton gewyrcan him gemacan, him to fultume and to frofre."

Then said God, "It is not fitting that this man be alone, and have no help; now let us make him a mate for help and comfort."

c. 992, Ælfric, "On the Beginning of Creation"
He is Ealdor and Scyppend ealra gódnyssa and sibbe, and he foresende his acennednysse ungewunelice sibbe, forðan ðe næfre næs swilc sibb ær þam fyrste on middangearde, swilc swa wæs on his gebyrde-tide, swa þæt eall middangeard wæs anes mannes rice underðeod, and eal mennisc him ānum cynelic gafol ageaf.

He is Prince and Author of all things good and of peace, and he sent before his birth unwonted peace, for never was there such peace before that period in the world, as there was at the time of his birth; so that all the world was subjected to the empire of one man, and all mankind paid royal tribute to him alone.

c. 992, Ælfric, "The Nativity of St. Paul the Apostle"
Petrus āna spræc for ealne þone hēap.

Peter by himself spoke for the whole group.

c. 1000, "The Battle of Maldon", lines 94-95

Only God knows who is destined to control the battlefield.

God āna wāt hwā þǣre wælstōwe wealdan mōte.

"The Fortunes of Men", lines 8-9

God only knows what the years will bring to the growing child.

God āna wāt hwæt him weaxendum wintra bringaþ.


glade

inflection of glæd:
strong accusative feminine singular

strong instrumental masculine/neuter singular

strong nominative/accusative masculine/feminine plural

weak nominative feminine/neuter singular

inflection of glæd:
weak accusative neuter singular


geld

ġeld (canonical neuter)
ġeld (nominative singular)
ġeld (nominative plural)
ġeld (accusative singular)
ġeld (accusative plural)
ġeldes (genitive singular)
ġelda (genitive plural)
ġelde (dative singular)
ġeldum (dative plural)


mid-

midwist

midrād

with, in conjunction with; together (with)

midstrēam

midspreca


beam

bēam (canonical masculine)
bēam (nominative singular)
bēamas (nominative plural)
bēam (accusative singular)
bēamas (accusative plural)
bēames (genitive singular)
bēama (genitive plural)
bēame (dative singular)
bēamum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: beem, beam, bem, beme, beume, beam, beame (Northern), beam, beom (Early Middle English)
English: beam
→ German: beamen
→ Japanese: ビーム
→ Dutch: beamen
Scots: beam

Codex Vercillensis
Wæs sē bēam bōcstafum āwriten.


drift

drift (nominative singular)
drifte (nominative plural)
drifta (nominative plural)
drift (accusative singular)
drifte (accusative singular)
drifte (accusative plural)
drifta (accusative plural)
drifte (genitive singular)
drifta (genitive plural)
drifte (dative singular)
driftum (dative plural)

Middle English: drift, dryft

English: drift

Scots: dryft, drift

From Proto-Germanic *driftiz. Cognate with Old Frisian drift, Old High German trift, Old Norse dript, drift.

an act of driving (cattle, herds, etc.); movement


hie

head

hīe (accusative hīe, genitive heora, dative him)

hīe (canonical)
hīe (accusative)
heora (genitive)
him (dative)
iċ (first-person nominative singular)
mē (accusative first-person singular)
mec (accusative first-person singular)
mē (dative first-person singular)
mīn (first-person genitive singular)
þū (nominative second-person singular)
þē (accusative second-person singular)
þec (accusative second-person singular)
þē (dative second-person singular)
þīn (genitive second-person singular)
hit (accusative neuter nominative singular third-person)
him (dative neuter singular third-person)
his (genitive neuter singular third-person)
hē (masculine nominative singular third-person)
hine (accusative masculine singular third-person)
him (dative masculine singular third-person)
his (genitive masculine singular third-person)
hēo (feminine nominative singular third-person)
hīe (accusative feminine singular third-person)
hire (dative feminine genitive singular third-person)
wit (dual first-person nominative)
unc (accusative dual first-person)
uncit (accusative dual first-person)
unc (dative dual first-person)
uncer (dual first-person genitive)
ġit (dual nominative second-person)
inc (accusative dual second-person)
incit (accusative dual second-person)
inc (dative dual second-person)
incer (dual genitive second-person)
wē (first-person nominative plural)
ūs (accusative first-person plural)
ūsiċ (accusative first-person plural)
ūs (dative first-person plural)
ūre (first-person genitive plural)
ūser (first-person genitive plural)
ġē (nominative plural second-person)
ēow (accusative plural second-person)
ēowic (accusative plural second-person)
ēow (dative plural second-person)
ēower (genitive plural second-person)
hīe (accusative nominative plural third-person)
him (dative plural third-person)
heora (genitive plural third-person)

Middle English: he
Yola: hi, h'

Reflecting an earlier regularised form of *hijai, from Proto-West Germanic *hiʀ, from Proto-Germanic *hīz (“these, these ones”), masculine plural of *hiz.

inh

Þonne iċ mec onhebbe ond hī onhnīgaþ tō mē, moniġe mid miltse, þǣr iċ monnum sceal īċan upcyme ēadiġnesse.

When I raise myself up and they bow down to me, many with mercy, then I shall increase rising of happiness for men.


fader

faderas (nominative plural)
fader (nominative singular)
faderas (nominative plural)
fader (accusative singular)
faderas (accusative plural)
fader (genitive singular)
fadera (genitive plural)
fader (dative singular)
faderum (dative plural)

From Proto-West Germanic *fader, from Proto-Germanic *fadēr, from Proto-Indo-European *ph₂tḗr.
Old Germanic cognates: Old Frisian feder, Old Saxon fadar, Old Dutch fader, Old High German fater, Old Norse faðir, Gothic 𐍆𐌰𐌳𐌰𐍂 (fadar).


grand

first/third-person singular preterite indicative of grindan


lease

inflection of lēas:
strong accusative feminine singular

weak nominative neuter/feminine singular


snide

second-person singular preterite indicative of bindan


swang

first/third-person singular preterite indicative of swingan


stent

third-person singular present indicative of standan


stang

first/third-person singular preterite indicative of stingan


scan

first/third-person singular preterite indicative of sċīnan


heap

hēap (canonical masculine)
hēap (nominative singular)
hēapas (nominative plural)
hēap (accusative singular)
hēapas (accusative plural)
hēapes (genitive singular)
hēapa (genitive plural)
hēape (dative singular)
hēapum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: hepe, heep, hep
English: heap
Yola: heep

From Proto-Germanic *haupaz.
Cognate with Old Frisian hāp, Old Saxon hōp, Old High German houf. Old Norse hópr differs from the expected form *haupr because it is a borrowing from Middle Low German.

c. 992, Ælfric, "The Nativity of St. Paul the Apostle"
[Petrus] āna spræc for ealne þone hēap.

[Peter] by himself spoke for the whole group.


scene

sċēne (canonical)
sċēne (masculine nominative singular)
sċēnu (feminine nominative singular)
sċēno (feminine nominative singular)
sċēne (neuter nominative singular)
sċēnne (accusative masculine singular)
sċēne (accusative feminine singular)
sċēne (accusative neuter singular)
sċēnes (genitive masculine singular)
sċēnre (feminine genitive singular)
sċēnes (genitive neuter singular)
sċēnum (dative masculine singular)
sċēnre (dative feminine singular)
sċēnum (dative neuter singular)
sċēne (instrumental masculine singular)
sċēnre (feminine instrumental singular)
sċēne (instrumental neuter singular)
sċēne (masculine nominative plural)
sċēna (feminine nominative plural)
sċēne (feminine nominative plural)
sċēnu (neuter nominative plural)
sċēno (neuter nominative plural)
sċēne (accusative masculine plural)
sċēna (accusative feminine plural)
sċēne (accusative feminine plural)
sċēnu (accusative neuter plural)
sċēno (accusative neuter plural)
sċēnra (genitive masculine plural)
sċēnra (feminine genitive plural)
sċēnra (genitive neuter plural)
sċēnum (dative masculine plural)
sċēnum (dative feminine plural)
sċēnum (dative neuter plural)
sċēnum (instrumental masculine plural)
sċēnum (feminine instrumental plural)
sċēnum (instrumental neuter plural)
sċēna (masculine nominative singular)
sċēne (feminine nominative singular)
sċēne (neuter nominative singular)
sċēnan (accusative masculine singular)
sċēnan (accusative feminine singular)
sċēne (accusative neuter singular)
sċēnan (genitive masculine singular)
sċēnan (feminine genitive singular)
sċēnan (genitive neuter singular)
sċēnan (dative masculine singular)
sċēnan (dative feminine singular)
sċēnan (dative neuter singular)
sċēnan (instrumental masculine singular)
sċēnan (feminine instrumental singular)
sċēnan (instrumental neuter singular)
sċēnan (masculine nominative plural)
sċēnan (feminine nominative plural)
sċēnan (neuter nominative plural)
sċēnan (accusative masculine plural)
sċēnan (accusative feminine plural)
sċēnan (accusative neuter plural)
sċēnra (genitive masculine plural)
sċēnena (genitive masculine plural)
sċēnra (feminine genitive plural)
sċēnena (feminine genitive plural)
sċēnra (genitive neuter plural)
sċēnena (genitive neuter plural)
sċēnum (dative masculine plural)
sċēnum (dative feminine plural)
sċēnum (dative neuter plural)
sċēnum (instrumental masculine plural)
sċēnum (feminine instrumental plural)
sċēnum (instrumental neuter plural)

From Proto-West Germanic *skaunī, from Proto-Germanic *skauniz.


neat

nēat (canonical neuter)
nēat (nominative singular)
nēat (nominative plural)
nēat (accusative singular)
nēat (accusative plural)
nēates (genitive singular)
nēata (genitive plural)
nēate (dative singular)
nēatum (dative plural)

English: neat

From Proto-West Germanic *naut, from Proto-Germanic *nautą. Cognate with Old Frisian nāt, Old Saxon nōt, Dutch noot, Old High German nōz (dialectal German Nos), Old Norse naut.


unripe

unrīpe (canonical)
unrīpe (masculine nominative singular)
unrīpu (feminine nominative singular)
unrīpo (feminine nominative singular)
unrīpe (neuter nominative singular)
unrīpne (accusative masculine singular)
unrīpe (accusative feminine singular)
unrīpe (accusative neuter singular)
unrīpes (genitive masculine singular)
unrīpre (feminine genitive singular)
unrīpes (genitive neuter singular)
unrīpum (dative masculine singular)
unrīpre (dative feminine singular)
unrīpum (dative neuter singular)
unrīpe (instrumental masculine singular)
unrīpre (feminine instrumental singular)
unrīpe (instrumental neuter singular)
unrīpe (masculine nominative plural)
unrīpa (feminine nominative plural)
unrīpe (feminine nominative plural)
unrīpu (neuter nominative plural)
unrīpo (neuter nominative plural)
unrīpe (accusative masculine plural)
unrīpa (accusative feminine plural)
unrīpe (accusative feminine plural)
unrīpu (accusative neuter plural)
unrīpo (accusative neuter plural)
unrīpra (genitive masculine plural)
unrīpra (feminine genitive plural)
unrīpra (genitive neuter plural)
unrīpum (dative masculine plural)
unrīpum (dative feminine plural)
unrīpum (dative neuter plural)
unrīpum (instrumental masculine plural)
unrīpum (feminine instrumental plural)
unrīpum (instrumental neuter plural)
unrīpa (masculine nominative singular)
unrīpe (feminine nominative singular)
unrīpe (neuter nominative singular)
unrīpan (accusative masculine singular)
unrīpan (accusative feminine singular)
unrīpe (accusative neuter singular)
unrīpan (genitive masculine singular)
unrīpan (feminine genitive singular)
unrīpan (genitive neuter singular)
unrīpan (dative masculine singular)
unrīpan (dative feminine singular)
unrīpan (dative neuter singular)
unrīpan (instrumental masculine singular)
unrīpan (feminine instrumental singular)
unrīpan (instrumental neuter singular)
unrīpan (masculine nominative plural)
unrīpan (feminine nominative plural)
unrīpan (neuter nominative plural)
unrīpan (accusative masculine plural)
unrīpan (accusative feminine plural)
unrīpan (accusative neuter plural)
unrīpra (genitive masculine plural)
unrīpena (genitive masculine plural)
unrīpra (feminine genitive plural)
unrīpena (feminine genitive plural)
unrīpra (genitive neuter plural)
unrīpena (genitive neuter plural)
unrīpum (dative masculine plural)
unrīpum (dative feminine plural)
unrīpum (dative neuter plural)
unrīpum (instrumental masculine plural)
unrīpum (feminine instrumental plural)
unrīpum (instrumental neuter plural)

English: unripe

From Proto-Germanic *unrīpijaz. Equivalent to un- + rīpe.


blind

ang-adj

blind (comparative blindra, superlative blindost)

blindra (comparative)
blindost (superlative)
blind (masculine nominative singular)
blind (feminine nominative singular)
blind (neuter nominative singular)
blindne (accusative masculine singular)
blinde (accusative feminine singular)
blind (accusative neuter singular)
blindes (genitive masculine singular)
blindre (feminine genitive singular)
blindes (genitive neuter singular)
blindum (dative masculine singular)
blindre (dative feminine singular)
blindum (dative neuter singular)
blinde (instrumental masculine singular)
blindre (feminine instrumental singular)
blinde (instrumental neuter singular)
blinde (masculine nominative plural)
blinda (feminine nominative plural)
blinde (feminine nominative plural)
blind (neuter nominative plural)
blinde (accusative masculine plural)
blinda (accusative feminine plural)
blinde (accusative feminine plural)
blind (accusative neuter plural)
blindra (genitive masculine plural)
blindra (feminine genitive plural)
blindra (genitive neuter plural)
blindum (dative masculine plural)
blindum (dative feminine plural)
blindum (dative neuter plural)
blindum (instrumental masculine plural)
blindum (feminine instrumental plural)
blindum (instrumental neuter plural)
blinda (masculine nominative singular)
blinde (feminine nominative singular)
blinde (neuter nominative singular)
blindan (accusative masculine singular)
blindan (accusative feminine singular)
blinde (accusative neuter singular)
blindan (genitive masculine singular)
blindan (feminine genitive singular)
blindan (genitive neuter singular)
blindan (dative masculine singular)
blindan (dative feminine singular)
blindan (dative neuter singular)
blindan (instrumental masculine singular)
blindan (feminine instrumental singular)
blindan (instrumental neuter singular)
blindan (masculine nominative plural)
blindan (feminine nominative plural)
blindan (neuter nominative plural)
blindan (accusative masculine plural)
blindan (accusative feminine plural)
blindan (accusative neuter plural)
blindra (genitive masculine plural)
blindena (genitive masculine plural)
blindra (feminine genitive plural)
blindena (feminine genitive plural)
blindra (genitive neuter plural)
blindena (genitive neuter plural)
blindum (dative masculine plural)
blindum (dative feminine plural)
blindum (dative neuter plural)
blindum (instrumental masculine plural)
blindum (feminine instrumental plural)
blindum (instrumental neuter plural)

desctree

Middle English: blynd, blynde, blind, blend
English: blind
Scots: blind, blynd
Yola: blin

late 10th century, Ælfric, Lives of Saints
Fif and twentiġ manna myslīċe ġeuntrume cōmon tō þām hālgan heora hǣle biddende; sum wǣron blinde, sume wǣron healte, sume ēac dēafe, and dumbe ēac sum and hī ealle wurdon ānes dæġes ġehǣlede þurh þæs hālgan þingunge and him hām ġewendon.

Twenty-five men, sickened in various ways, came to the saint begging for the health; some were blind, some were lame, some were also deaf, and some were dumb, and they were all healed in one day through the intercession of the saint and went home.

blind, dēaf, and dumb


hinder

From Proto-Germanic *hinder (“behind, back”)


tux

tūx (canonical masculine)
tūx (nominative singular)
tūxas (nominative plural)
tūx (accusative singular)
tūxas (accusative plural)
tūxes (genitive singular)
tūxa (genitive plural)
tūxe (dative singular)
tūxum (dative plural)


stag

first/third-person singular preterite indicative of stīgan


singe

first-person singular present indicative

inflection of singan:
singular present subjunctive


cis

ċīs (canonical)
ċīs (masculine nominative singular)
ċīs (feminine nominative singular)
ċīs (neuter nominative singular)
ċīsne (accusative masculine singular)
ċīse (accusative feminine singular)
ċīs (accusative neuter singular)
ċīses (genitive masculine singular)
ċīsre (feminine genitive singular)
ċīses (genitive neuter singular)
ċīsum (dative masculine singular)
ċīsre (dative feminine singular)
ċīsum (dative neuter singular)
ċīse (instrumental masculine singular)
ċīsre (feminine instrumental singular)
ċīse (instrumental neuter singular)
ċīse (masculine nominative plural)
ċīsa (feminine nominative plural)
ċīse (feminine nominative plural)
ċīs (neuter nominative plural)
ċīse (accusative masculine plural)
ċīsa (accusative feminine plural)
ċīse (accusative feminine plural)
ċīs (accusative neuter plural)
ċīsra (genitive masculine plural)
ċīsra (feminine genitive plural)
ċīsra (genitive neuter plural)
ċīsum (dative masculine plural)
ċīsum (dative feminine plural)
ċīsum (dative neuter plural)
ċīsum (instrumental masculine plural)
ċīsum (feminine instrumental plural)
ċīsum (instrumental neuter plural)
ċīsa (masculine nominative singular)
ċīse (feminine nominative singular)
ċīse (neuter nominative singular)
ċīsan (accusative masculine singular)
ċīsan (accusative feminine singular)
ċīse (accusative neuter singular)
ċīsan (genitive masculine singular)
ċīsan (feminine genitive singular)
ċīsan (genitive neuter singular)
ċīsan (dative masculine singular)
ċīsan (dative feminine singular)
ċīsan (dative neuter singular)
ċīsan (instrumental masculine singular)
ċīsan (feminine instrumental singular)
ċīsan (instrumental neuter singular)
ċīsan (masculine nominative plural)
ċīsan (feminine nominative plural)
ċīsan (neuter nominative plural)
ċīsan (accusative masculine plural)
ċīsan (accusative feminine plural)
ċīsan (accusative neuter plural)
ċīsra (genitive masculine plural)
ċīsena (genitive masculine plural)
ċīsra (feminine genitive plural)
ċīsena (feminine genitive plural)
ċīsra (genitive neuter plural)
ċīsena (genitive neuter plural)
ċīsum (dative masculine plural)
ċīsum (dative feminine plural)
ċīsum (dative neuter plural)
ċīsum (instrumental masculine plural)
ċīsum (feminine instrumental plural)
ċīsum (instrumental neuter plural)


ripe

rīpe (canonical)
rīpe (masculine nominative singular)
rīpu (feminine nominative singular)
rīpo (feminine nominative singular)
rīpe (neuter nominative singular)
rīpne (accusative masculine singular)
rīpe (accusative feminine singular)
rīpe (accusative neuter singular)
rīpes (genitive masculine singular)
rīpre (feminine genitive singular)
rīpes (genitive neuter singular)
rīpum (dative masculine singular)
rīpre (dative feminine singular)
rīpum (dative neuter singular)
rīpe (instrumental masculine singular)
rīpre (feminine instrumental singular)
rīpe (instrumental neuter singular)
rīpe (masculine nominative plural)
rīpa (feminine nominative plural)
rīpe (feminine nominative plural)
rīpu (neuter nominative plural)
rīpo (neuter nominative plural)
rīpe (accusative masculine plural)
rīpa (accusative feminine plural)
rīpe (accusative feminine plural)
rīpu (accusative neuter plural)
rīpo (accusative neuter plural)
rīpra (genitive masculine plural)
rīpra (feminine genitive plural)
rīpra (genitive neuter plural)
rīpum (dative masculine plural)
rīpum (dative feminine plural)
rīpum (dative neuter plural)
rīpum (instrumental masculine plural)
rīpum (feminine instrumental plural)
rīpum (instrumental neuter plural)
rīpa (masculine nominative singular)
rīpe (feminine nominative singular)
rīpe (neuter nominative singular)
rīpan (accusative masculine singular)
rīpan (accusative feminine singular)
rīpe (accusative neuter singular)
rīpan (genitive masculine singular)
rīpan (feminine genitive singular)
rīpan (genitive neuter singular)
rīpan (dative masculine singular)
rīpan (dative feminine singular)
rīpan (dative neuter singular)
rīpan (instrumental masculine singular)
rīpan (feminine instrumental singular)
rīpan (instrumental neuter singular)
rīpan (masculine nominative plural)
rīpan (feminine nominative plural)
rīpan (neuter nominative plural)
rīpan (accusative masculine plural)
rīpan (accusative feminine plural)
rīpan (accusative neuter plural)
rīpra (genitive masculine plural)
rīpena (genitive masculine plural)
rīpra (feminine genitive plural)
rīpena (feminine genitive plural)
rīpra (genitive neuter plural)
rīpena (genitive neuter plural)
rīpum (dative masculine plural)
rīpum (dative feminine plural)
rīpum (dative neuter plural)
rīpum (instrumental masculine plural)
rīpum (feminine instrumental plural)
rīpum (instrumental neuter plural)

English: ripe

From Proto-West Germanic *rīpī, from Proto-Germanic *rīpiz.


clam

clām (canonical masculine)
clām (nominative singular)
clāmas (nominative plural)
clām (accusative singular)
clāmas (accusative plural)
clāmes (genitive singular)
clāma (genitive plural)
clāme (dative singular)
clāmum (dative plural)

From Proto-West Germanic *klaim (“mortar, clay”).


gang

gang (nominative singular)
gangas (nominative plural)
gang (accusative singular)
gangas (accusative plural)
ganges (genitive singular)
ganga (genitive plural)
gange (dative singular)
gangum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: gong, gang, gonge, goonge
English: gang (see there for further descendants); gong, goung (obsolete)
Scots: gang, gaung, ging
Northeastern: dyang, gyang

From Proto-West Germanic *gang, from Proto-Germanic *gangaz, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰengʰ- (“to step; stride”). Related to Old English gangan (“to go, walk”).

ġiong

with initial /j/ after palatalised past forms of gangan

sulhgang

the land which can be gone over by one plough in a day


midwinter

midwinter (nominative singular)
midde wintras (nominative plural)
midne winter (accusative singular)
midde wintras (accusative plural)
middes wintres (genitive singular)
midra wintra (genitive plural)
middum wintra (dative singular)
middum wintrum (dative plural)

Middle English: midwinter

English: midwinter

c. 992, Ælfric, "The First Sunday of the Lord's Advent"
Þēos tīd oþ midne winter is ġecweden Adventus Dominī, þæt is "Dryhtnes tōcyme."

This time until midwinter is called Adventus Domini, that is "the coming of the Lord."

the middle of winter; midwinter, Christmas


pil

English: pile


wane

wane (nominative singular)
wanas (nominative plural)
wane (accusative singular)
wanas (accusative plural)
wanes (genitive singular)
wana (genitive plural)
wane (dative singular)
wanum (dative plural)

Based off Richard North's theory that of the Latin gloss (vanitates) and reconstruction *uuani that suggests Vanir in Old English sources.

a member of the Vanir, a group of deities in Germanic spirituality


tang

tang (nominative singular)
tanga (nominative plural)
tange (nominative plural)
tange (accusative singular)
tanga (accusative plural)
tange (accusative plural)
tange (genitive singular)
tanga (genitive plural)
tange (dative singular)
tangum (dative plural)

From Proto-West Germanic *tangu, from Proto-Germanic *tangō, from Proto-Indo-European *denḱ- (“to bite”)


git

ġit (canonical)
iċ (first-person nominative singular)
mē (accusative first-person singular)
mec (accusative first-person singular)
mē (dative first-person singular)
mīn (first-person genitive singular)
þū (nominative second-person singular)
þē (accusative second-person singular)
þec (accusative second-person singular)
þē (dative second-person singular)
þīn (genitive second-person singular)
hit (accusative neuter nominative singular third-person)
him (dative neuter singular third-person)
his (genitive neuter singular third-person)
hē (masculine nominative singular third-person)
hine (accusative masculine singular third-person)
him (dative masculine singular third-person)
his (genitive masculine singular third-person)
hēo (feminine nominative singular third-person)
hīe (accusative feminine singular third-person)
hire (dative feminine genitive singular third-person)
wit (dual first-person nominative)
unc (accusative dual first-person)
uncit (accusative dual first-person)
unc (dative dual first-person)
uncer (dual first-person genitive)
ġit (dual nominative second-person)
inc (accusative dual second-person)
incit (accusative dual second-person)
inc (dative dual second-person)
incer (dual genitive second-person)
wē (first-person nominative plural)
ūs (accusative first-person plural)
ūsiċ (accusative first-person plural)
ūs (dative first-person plural)
ūre (first-person genitive plural)
ūser (first-person genitive plural)
ġē (nominative plural second-person)
ēow (accusative plural second-person)
ēowic (accusative plural second-person)
ēow (dative plural second-person)
ēower (genitive plural second-person)
hīe (accusative nominative plural third-person)
him (dative plural third-person)
heora (genitive plural third-person)

Middle English: ȝit, ȝitt, ȝet

From Proto-West Germanic *jit, with the *i leveled in from *wit. Further from Proto-Germanic *jut. Cognate with North Frisian jat.

c. 990, Wessex Gospels, Matthew 20:22

Then Jesus answered them: "You two don't know what you're asking for."

Þā andswarode him sē Hǣlend: "Ġit nyton hwæs ġit biddaþ."

(the second-person dual nominative) you two


mec

From Proto-Germanic *mek (“me”), from Proto-Indo-European *me-ge (“me”). Akin to Old High German mih (“me”).


blæc

blæc (masculine nominative singular)
blacu (feminine nominative singular)
blaco (feminine nominative singular)
blæc (neuter nominative singular)
blæcne (accusative masculine singular)
blace (accusative feminine singular)
blæc (accusative neuter singular)
blaces (genitive masculine singular)
blæcre (feminine genitive singular)
blaces (genitive neuter singular)
blacum (dative masculine singular)
blæcre (dative feminine singular)
blacum (dative neuter singular)
blace (instrumental masculine singular)
blæcre (feminine instrumental singular)
blace (instrumental neuter singular)
blace (masculine nominative plural)
blaca (feminine nominative plural)
blace (feminine nominative plural)
blacu (neuter nominative plural)
blaco (neuter nominative plural)
blace (accusative masculine plural)
blaca (accusative feminine plural)
blace (accusative feminine plural)
blacu (accusative neuter plural)
blaco (accusative neuter plural)
blæcra (genitive masculine plural)
blæcra (feminine genitive plural)
blæcra (genitive neuter plural)
blacum (dative masculine plural)
blacum (dative feminine plural)
blacum (dative neuter plural)
blacum (instrumental masculine plural)
blacum (feminine instrumental plural)
blacum (instrumental neuter plural)
blaca (masculine nominative singular)
blace (feminine nominative singular)
blace (neuter nominative singular)
blacan (accusative masculine singular)
blacan (accusative feminine singular)
blace (accusative neuter singular)
blacan (genitive masculine singular)
blacan (feminine genitive singular)
blacan (genitive neuter singular)
blacan (dative masculine singular)
blacan (dative feminine singular)
blacan (dative neuter singular)
blacan (instrumental masculine singular)
blacan (feminine instrumental singular)
blacan (instrumental neuter singular)
blacan (masculine nominative plural)
blacan (feminine nominative plural)
blacan (neuter nominative plural)
blacan (accusative masculine plural)
blacan (accusative feminine plural)
blacan (accusative neuter plural)
blæcra (genitive masculine plural)
blacena (genitive masculine plural)
blæcra (feminine genitive plural)
blacena (feminine genitive plural)
blæcra (genitive neuter plural)
blacena (genitive neuter plural)
blacum (dative masculine plural)
blacum (dative feminine plural)
blacum (dative neuter plural)
blacum (instrumental masculine plural)
blacum (feminine instrumental plural)
blacum (instrumental neuter plural)

desctree

Middle English: blak, blake, blakke, black, blac
English: black (see there for further descendants)
Scots: black
Yola: bhlock, blaak
→ Danish: blæk
→ Faroese: blekk
→ Norwegian Bokmål: blekk
→ Norwegian Nynorsk: blekk
→ Greenlandic: pilikki

From Proto-West Germanic *blak, from Proto-Germanic *blakaz (“burnt, black”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰleg- (“to shine, burn, scorch”). Cognate with Old Saxon blac (“ink”), Old High German blah-; related to Old Norse blakkr (“dusky, black”).


blæc

blæc (nominative singular)
blacu (nominative plural)
blæc (accusative singular)
blacu (accusative plural)
blæces (genitive singular)
blaca (genitive plural)
blæce (dative singular)
blacum (dative plural)

Middle English: blak, blakke

English: black

Scots: blak, blac

From Proto-West Germanic *blak, from Proto-Germanic *blaką (noun), from *blakaz (“black”, adjective).


ege

eġe (canonical masculine)
eġas (nominative plural)
eġe (nominative singular)
eġas (nominative plural)
eġe (accusative singular)
eġas (accusative plural)
eġes (genitive singular)
eġa (genitive plural)
eġe (dative singular)
eġum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: eye, eie, eȝe, eȝȝe, eyȝe, eiȝe
English: ey (obsolete)

From Proto-West Germanic *agi, from Proto-Germanic *agaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂égʰos. Cognate with Old Norse agi, Gothic 𐌰𐌲𐌹𐍃 (agis, “fear”), Ancient Greek ἄχος (ákhos, “pain”).


ege

ēge (canonical neuter)
ēgan (nominative plural)


hoc

hoccas (nominative plural)
hoc (nominative singular)
hoccas (nominative plural)
hoc (accusative singular)
hoccas (accusative plural)
hocces (genitive singular)
hocca (genitive plural)
hocce (dative singular)
hoccum (dative plural)

hollyhock


hoc

hōc (canonical masculine)
hōc (nominative singular)
hōcas (nominative plural)
hōc (accusative singular)
hōcas (accusative plural)
hōces (genitive singular)
hōca (genitive plural)
hōce (dative singular)
hōcum (dative plural)

Middle English: hoke, hook

English: hook

Scots: huke, heuk, hewk

From Proto-West Germanic *hōk, from Proto-Germanic *hōkaz.


cald

ang-adj

cald (comparative caldra, superlative caldast)

caldra (comparative)
caldast (superlative)
cald (masculine nominative singular)
cald (feminine nominative singular)
cald (neuter nominative singular)
caldne (accusative masculine singular)
calde (accusative feminine singular)
cald (accusative neuter singular)
caldes (genitive masculine singular)
caldre (feminine genitive singular)
caldes (genitive neuter singular)
caldum (dative masculine singular)
caldre (dative feminine singular)
caldum (dative neuter singular)
calde (instrumental masculine singular)
caldre (feminine instrumental singular)
calde (instrumental neuter singular)
calde (masculine nominative plural)
calda (feminine nominative plural)
calde (feminine nominative plural)
cald (neuter nominative plural)
calde (accusative masculine plural)
calda (accusative feminine plural)
calde (accusative feminine plural)
cald (accusative neuter plural)
caldra (genitive masculine plural)
caldra (feminine genitive plural)
caldra (genitive neuter plural)
caldum (dative masculine plural)
caldum (dative feminine plural)
caldum (dative neuter plural)
caldum (instrumental masculine plural)
caldum (feminine instrumental plural)
caldum (instrumental neuter plural)
calda (masculine nominative singular)
calde (feminine nominative singular)
calde (neuter nominative singular)
caldan (accusative masculine singular)
caldan (accusative feminine singular)
calde (accusative neuter singular)
caldan (genitive masculine singular)
caldan (feminine genitive singular)
caldan (genitive neuter singular)
caldan (dative masculine singular)
caldan (dative feminine singular)
caldan (dative neuter singular)
caldan (instrumental masculine singular)
caldan (feminine instrumental singular)
caldan (instrumental neuter singular)
caldan (masculine nominative plural)
caldan (feminine nominative plural)
caldan (neuter nominative plural)
caldan (accusative masculine plural)
caldan (accusative feminine plural)
caldan (accusative neuter plural)
caldra (genitive masculine plural)
caldena (genitive masculine plural)
caldra (feminine genitive plural)
caldena (feminine genitive plural)
caldra (genitive neuter plural)
caldena (genitive neuter plural)
caldum (dative masculine plural)
caldum (dative feminine plural)
caldum (dative neuter plural)
caldum (instrumental masculine plural)
caldum (feminine instrumental plural)
caldum (instrumental neuter plural)

English: cold


onda

onda (nominative singular)
ondan (nominative plural)
ondan (accusative singular)
ondan (accusative plural)
ondan (genitive singular)
ondena (genitive plural)
ondan (dative singular)
ondum (dative plural)


Satan

From Latin Satan, from Ancient Greek Σατάν (Satán), from Hebrew שָׂטָן (satán, “adversary, accuser”).


gat

gāt (canonical feminine)
gāt (nominative singular)
gǣt (nominative plural)
gāt (accusative singular)
gǣt (accusative plural)
gǣt (genitive singular)
gāte (genitive singular)
gāta (genitive plural)
gǣt (dative singular)
gātum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: goot, got, gat, gote, goet, goth, gathe, geet
English: goat (see there for further descendants)
Scots: gait, gayt
Yola: geearth, geearte, gurth

From Proto-Germanic *gaits. Cognate with Old Frisian *gāt, Old Saxon gēt, Old Dutch *geit, Old High German geiz, Old Norse geit, Gothic 𐌲𐌰𐌹𐍄𐍃 (gaits); and with Latin haedus (“kid”).

Iċ eom wunderliċu wiht, wrǣsne mīne stefne, hwīlum beorce swā hund, hwīlum blǣte swā gāt, hwīlum grǣde swā gōs, hwīlum ġielle swā hafoc,…

I am a wonderful thing, change my voice, sometimes bark like a hound, sometimes bleat like a goat, sometimes cry like a goose, sometimes yell like a hawk,…


wang

wangas (nominative plural)
wang (nominative singular)
wangas (nominative plural)
wang (accusative singular)
wangas (accusative plural)
wanges (genitive singular)
wanga (genitive plural)
wange (dative singular)
wangum (dative plural)

English: wong

From Proto-Germanic *wangaz.
Cognates
Cognate with Old Saxon wang, Old High German -wang (in holzwang), Old Norse vangr (Swedish vång), Gothic 𐍅𐌰𐌲𐌲𐍃 (waggs).

1963, Paull Franklin Baum, Riddle 11, Anglo-Saxon Riddles of the Exeter Book
sæs me sind ealle flodas on fæðmum / ⁊ þas foldan bearm grene wongas

All seas and waters are in my embraces, and the bosom of earth and the green fields.


fore

second-person singular preterite indicative of faran


flod

flōd (canonical masculine)
flōd (nominative singular)
flōdas (nominative plural)
flōd (accusative singular)
flōdas (accusative plural)
flōdes (genitive singular)
flōda (genitive plural)
flōde (dative singular)
flōdum (dative plural)

Middle English: flod, flood, floode, flode, flowt, fflood, fflode, vlode
English: flood
Scots: fluid, flude

→ Anglo-Latin: flōdus [13th c.] (England)

From Proto-West Germanic *flōdu, from Proto-Germanic *flōduz, from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₃(w)- (“flow”). Cognate with Old Saxon flōd, Old Dutch fluot (Dutch vloed), Old High German fluot (German Flut), Old Norse flóð (Icelandic flóð), Gothic 𐍆𐌻𐍉𐌳𐌿𐍃 (flōdus).


slog

first/third-person singular preterite indicative of slēan