bitan

bītan (canonical)
bītan (infinitive)
bītenne (infinitive)
bīte (first-person present singular)
bāt (first-person past singular)
bītst (present second-person singular)
bite (past second-person singular)
bītt (present singular third-person)
bīt (present singular third-person)
bāt (past singular third-person)
bītaþ (plural present)
biton (past plural)
bīte (present singular)
bite (past singular)
bīten (plural present)
biten (past plural)
bīt (imperative past present singular)
bītaþ (imperative past plural present)
bītende (imperative present)
biten (imperative past)
ġebiten (imperative past)

Middle English: biten

English: bite

From Proto-West Germanic *bītan, from Proto-Germanic *bītaną.

…ac mec hnossiað homera lāfa, heardecg heoroscearp, hondweorc smiþa bītað in burgum;

…but remains of hammers strike me, harsh edge of sharp sword, handiworks of smiths bite in boroughs;


wansceaft

/ˈwɑnˌʃæ͜ɑft/


græf

græf (nominative singular)
grafu (nominative plural)
græf (accusative singular)
grafu (accusative plural)
græfes (genitive singular)
grafa (genitive plural)
græfe (dative singular)
grafum (dative plural)

Middle English: grave, grafe

English: grave

From Proto-West Germanic *grab, from Proto-Germanic *grabą, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrābʰ- (“to dig, scratch, scrape”). Cognate with Old Frisian gref, Old Saxon graf, Old Dutch graf, Old High German grab, Old Norse grǫf, Gothic 𐌲𐍂𐌰𐌱𐌰 (graba).


hraþor

desctree

Middle English: rathere, rathar, rathir, rathur, rathre, rether, ræðer, hraþar, reaðere, redþer, rader, radder, radir, ratherne, raþeren (Early Middle English)
English: rather
Scots: rather
Yola: rether

comparative degree of hraþe; faster, earlier


cofa

cofa (nominative singular)
cofan (nominative plural)
cofan (accusative singular)
cofan (accusative plural)
cofan (genitive singular)
cofena (genitive plural)
cofan (dative singular)
cofum (dative plural)

Middle English: cove

English: cove

Scots: cove, coif

From Proto-West Germanic *kobō, from Proto-Germanic *kubô.


grindan

grindan (infinitive)
grindenne (infinitive)
grinde (first-person present singular)
grand (first-person past singular)
grinst (present second-person singular)
grintst (present second-person singular)
grunde (past second-person singular)
grint (present singular third-person)
grand (past singular third-person)
grindaþ (plural present)
grundon (past plural)
grinde (present singular)
grunde (past singular)
grinden (plural present)
grunden (past plural)
grind (imperative past present singular)
grindaþ (imperative past plural present)
grindende (imperative present)
grunden (imperative past)
ġegrunden (imperative past)

Middle English: grynden, grinden, grenden
English: grind
Scots: grynde, grynd, grind
Yola: grieend, griende

From Proto-West Germanic *grindan, from Proto-Germanic *grindaną. Compare Albanian grij (“to grind”) and grind (“I brawl, wrangle over”).


wundrian

wundrian (infinitive)
wundrienne (infinitive)
wundriġe (first-person present singular)
wundrode (first-person past singular)
wundrast (present second-person singular)
wundrodest (past second-person singular)
wundraþ (present singular third-person)
wundrode (past singular third-person)
wundriaþ (plural present)
wundrodon (past plural)
wundriġe (present singular)
wundrode (past singular)
wundriġen (plural present)
wundroden (past plural)
wundra (imperative past present singular)
wundriaþ (imperative past plural present)
wundriende (imperative present)
wundrod (imperative past)
ġewundrod (imperative past)

From Proto-West Germanic *wundrōn, from Proto-Germanic *wundrōną. Equivalent to wundor + -ian.

Þā lǣċas wundrodon þæt þū ġīet lifdest.

The doctors were amazed that you were still alive.

c. 990, Wessex Gospels, Luke 8:56

late 9th century, translation of Orosius’ History Against the Pagans
Þæt is tō wundriġenne þæt þā Ēgypte swā lȳtle þancunge wiston Iōsēpe þæs þe hē hīe æt hungre āhredde.

It's amazing that the Egyptians felt so little gratitude to Joseph for saving them from famine.

Þæs iċ ne wundriġe.

That doesn't surprise me. (Literally: "I am not surprised at that.")

Ne wundra þū ġif mīn ġeþeaht wyrcþ!

10th century, the Blickling Homilies, "The First Sunday in Lent"
Nis þæt tō wundriġenne þæt hē ācweald bēon wolde.

It's not surprising that he would have been killed.

Hē wundrode hwȳ his frēond wǣre swā læt.

Iċ wundrode hū ǣniġ wīf ǣfre meahte hine lufian.

I wondered how any woman could have ever loved him.

c. 992, Ælfric, "The First Sunday in Lent"
Nū wundraþ ġehwā hū sē Dēofol dyrste ġenēalǣċan tō þām Hǣlende þæt hē hine costnode.

Now everyone will wonder how the Devil dared approach Jesus to tempt him.

late 9th century, King Alfred's translation of Boethius' The Consolation of Philosophy
Þȳ iċ wundriġe hwȳ þū ne mæġe onġietan þæt þū eart nū ġīet swīðe ġesǣliġ, nū þū ġīet leofast and eart hāl.

So I wonder why you can't understand that you're still very lucky, since you're still alive and healthy.

c. 996, Ælfric, "Saint Maur, Abbot"
Hē ārās þā ġesund, swelċe of slǣpe āwreaht, and begann tō wundriġenne hū hē wurde þæder ġebrōht.

Then he got up safe and sound, as if woken from sleep, and began to wonder how he got there.


cranc

first/third-person singular preterite indicative of crincan


cranc

cranc (masculine nominative singular)
cranc (feminine nominative singular)
cranc (neuter nominative singular)
crancne (accusative masculine singular)
crance (accusative feminine singular)
cranc (accusative neuter singular)
crances (genitive masculine singular)
crancre (feminine genitive singular)
crances (genitive neuter singular)
crancum (dative masculine singular)
crancre (dative feminine singular)
crancum (dative neuter singular)
crance (instrumental masculine singular)
crancre (feminine instrumental singular)
crance (instrumental neuter singular)
crance (masculine nominative plural)
cranca (feminine nominative plural)
crance (feminine nominative plural)
cranc (neuter nominative plural)
crance (accusative masculine plural)
cranca (accusative feminine plural)
crance (accusative feminine plural)
cranc (accusative neuter plural)
crancra (genitive masculine plural)
crancra (feminine genitive plural)
crancra (genitive neuter plural)
crancum (dative masculine plural)
crancum (dative feminine plural)
crancum (dative neuter plural)
crancum (instrumental masculine plural)
crancum (feminine instrumental plural)
crancum (instrumental neuter plural)
cranca (masculine nominative singular)
crance (feminine nominative singular)
crance (neuter nominative singular)
crancan (accusative masculine singular)
crancan (accusative feminine singular)
crance (accusative neuter singular)
crancan (genitive masculine singular)
crancan (feminine genitive singular)
crancan (genitive neuter singular)
crancan (dative masculine singular)
crancan (dative feminine singular)
crancan (dative neuter singular)
crancan (instrumental masculine singular)
crancan (feminine instrumental singular)
crancan (instrumental neuter singular)
crancan (masculine nominative plural)
crancan (feminine nominative plural)
crancan (neuter nominative plural)
crancan (accusative masculine plural)
crancan (accusative feminine plural)
crancan (accusative neuter plural)
crancra (genitive masculine plural)
crancena (genitive masculine plural)
crancra (feminine genitive plural)
crancena (feminine genitive plural)
crancra (genitive neuter plural)
crancena (genitive neuter plural)
crancum (dative masculine plural)
crancum (dative feminine plural)
crancum (dative neuter plural)
crancum (instrumental masculine plural)
crancum (feminine instrumental plural)
crancum (instrumental neuter plural)

Middle English: cronk, cranke
English: crank
Scots: crank

From Proto-Germanic *krankaz (“weak, sick, ill”).


hangian

hangian (infinitive)
hangienne (infinitive)
hangiġe (first-person present singular)
hangode (first-person past singular)
hangast (present second-person singular)
hangodest (past second-person singular)
hangaþ (present singular third-person)
hangode (past singular third-person)
hangiaþ (plural present)
hangodon (past plural)
hangiġe (present singular)
hangode (past singular)
hangiġen (plural present)
hangoden (past plural)
hanga (imperative past present singular)
hangiaþ (imperative past plural present)
hangiende (imperative present)
hangod (imperative past)
ġehangod (imperative past)

q

merged with <i class="Latn mention" lang="ang">hōn</i>

Middle English: hangen (merged with hōn)

English: hang

desc

Scots: hangit (simple past of hing (“to execute using gallows”))

→ Welsh: hongian

(intransitive) to depend (with on + dative = on something)


hindan

From Proto-Germanic *hinder, akin to German hinter.

c. 992, Ælfric, "Dedication of the Church of St. Michael the Archangel"
Hwæt ða hæðenan ða forhtmode fleames cepton, and gelice hí wurdon mid þam fyrenum flanum ofscotene, gelice mid þæra cristenra wæpnum hindan ofsette, oðþæt hi heora burh Neapolim sámcuce gesohton.

Whereupon the heathen with affrighted mind took to flight, and at the same time that they were shot with fiery arrows, they were overwhelmed from behind by the weapons of the christians, until half-dead they sought their city Naples.


grafan

grafan (infinitive)
grafenne (infinitive)
grafe (first-person present singular)
grōf (first-person past singular)
græfst (present second-person singular)
grōfe (past second-person singular)
græfþ (present singular third-person)
grōf (past singular third-person)
grafaþ (plural present)
grōfon (past plural)
grafe (present singular)
grōfe (past singular)
grafen (plural present)
grōfen (past plural)
graf (imperative past present singular)
grafaþ (imperative past plural present)
grafende (imperative present)
græfen (imperative past)
ġegræfen (imperative past)
grafen (imperative past)
ġegrafen (imperative past)

desctree

Middle English: graven, grafe, grave, gravyn
English: grave (obsolete)
⇒ English: engrave
Scots: grave

From Proto-West Germanic *graban (“to dig, scrape”).


hwilc

(Late West Saxon) Alternative form of hwelċ


fæger

ang-adj

fæġer (comparative fæġerra, superlative fæġerost)

fæġer (canonical)
fæġerra (comparative)
fæġerost (superlative)
fæġer (masculine nominative singular)
fæġer (feminine nominative singular)
fæġer (neuter nominative singular)
fæġerne (accusative masculine singular)
fæġere (accusative feminine singular)
fæġer (accusative neuter singular)
fæġeres (genitive masculine singular)
fæġerre (feminine genitive singular)
fæġeres (genitive neuter singular)
fæġerum (dative masculine singular)
fæġerre (dative feminine singular)
fæġerum (dative neuter singular)
fæġere (instrumental masculine singular)
fæġerre (feminine instrumental singular)
fæġere (instrumental neuter singular)
fæġere (masculine nominative plural)
fæġera (feminine nominative plural)
fæġere (feminine nominative plural)
fæġer (neuter nominative plural)
fæġere (accusative masculine plural)
fæġera (accusative feminine plural)
fæġere (accusative feminine plural)
fæġer (accusative neuter plural)
fæġerra (genitive masculine plural)
fæġerra (feminine genitive plural)
fæġerra (genitive neuter plural)
fæġerum (dative masculine plural)
fæġerum (dative feminine plural)
fæġerum (dative neuter plural)
fæġerum (instrumental masculine plural)
fæġerum (feminine instrumental plural)
fæġerum (instrumental neuter plural)
fæġera (masculine nominative singular)
fæġere (feminine nominative singular)
fæġere (neuter nominative singular)
fæġeran (accusative masculine singular)
fæġeran (accusative feminine singular)
fæġere (accusative neuter singular)
fæġeran (genitive masculine singular)
fæġeran (feminine genitive singular)
fæġeran (genitive neuter singular)
fæġeran (dative masculine singular)
fæġeran (dative feminine singular)
fæġeran (dative neuter singular)
fæġeran (instrumental masculine singular)
fæġeran (feminine instrumental singular)
fæġeran (instrumental neuter singular)
fæġeran (masculine nominative plural)
fæġeran (feminine nominative plural)
fæġeran (neuter nominative plural)
fæġeran (accusative masculine plural)
fæġeran (accusative feminine plural)
fæġeran (accusative neuter plural)
fæġerra (genitive masculine plural)
fæġerena (genitive masculine plural)
fæġerra (feminine genitive plural)
fæġerena (feminine genitive plural)
fæġerra (genitive neuter plural)
fæġerena (genitive neuter plural)
fæġerum (dative masculine plural)
fæġerum (dative feminine plural)
fæġerum (dative neuter plural)
fæġerum (instrumental masculine plural)
fæġerum (feminine instrumental plural)
fæġerum (instrumental neuter plural)

desctree

Middle English: fayr, fager, fæȝer, feir, fayer
English: fair
Scots: fair, fare, fayr

Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *fagr, from Proto-Germanic *fagraz.
Cognate with Old Saxon fagar, Old High German fagar, Old Norse fagr, Gothic 𐍆𐌰𐌲𐍂𐍃 (fagrs).

inh+

late 9th century, translation of Orosius’ History Against the Pagans
...and ðā syndon swȳþe fæġere and lustsumlīce on tō sēonne...

...and those are very beautiful and pleasant to look at...


fæger

fæġer (canonical neuter)
fæġer (nominative singular)
fæġer (nominative plural)
fæġer (accusative singular)
fæġer (accusative plural)
fæġeres (genitive singular)
fæġera (genitive plural)
fæġere (dative singular)
fæġerum (dative plural)

Middle English: faire, fayre

English: fair

Scots: fair


sceap

sċēap (canonical neuter)
sċēap (nominative singular)
sċēap (nominative plural)
sċēap (accusative singular)
sċēap (accusative plural)
sċēapes (genitive singular)
sċēapa (genitive plural)
sċēape (dative singular)
sċēapum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: schep, scheep, schepe, sheep, shepe, ssep (Kent, Southern)
English: sheep (see there for further descendants)
Scots: sheep
Yola: zheep, sheep

From Proto-West Germanic *skāp, from Proto-Germanic *skēpą.

sċēap sċieran


hrung

hrung (nominative singular)
hrunga (nominative plural)
hrunge (nominative plural)
hrunge (accusative singular)
hrunga (accusative plural)
hrunge (accusative plural)
hrunge (genitive singular)
hrunga (genitive plural)
hrunge (dative singular)
hrungum (dative plural)

Middle English: rung

English: rung

Scots: rung, roung, rong, ring

From Proto-West Germanic *hrungu, from Proto-Germanic *hrungō (“pole, staff, stake, rod, spoke, rung”), possibly from Proto-Indo-European *(s)krengʰ- (“to twist, bend”).


hrost

hrōst (canonical masculine)
hrōst (nominative singular)
hrōstas (nominative plural)
hrōst (accusative singular)
hrōstas (accusative plural)
hrōstes (genitive singular)
hrōsta (genitive plural)
hrōste (dative singular)
hrōstum (dative plural)

Middle English: roste, rooste

English: roost

Scots: roost, roust, ruist, rust

From Proto-West Germanic *hrōst, from Proto-Germanic *hrōstaz (“wooden framework; grill”)


hreowan

hrēowan (canonical)
hrēowan (infinitive)
hrēowenne (infinitive)
hrīewþ (present singular third-person)
hrēaw (past singular third-person)
hrēowe (present singular)
hruwe (past singular)
hrēowende (imperative present)
hrowen (imperative past)
ġehrowen (imperative past)

desctree

Middle English: rewen, reowen, ruwen, ruen, reouwen, rowen, reowe, riewe, rewe
English: rue
Scots: rew

From Proto-West Germanic *hreuwan. Cognate with Old Saxon hriuwan and Old High German riuwan.

to regret, rue, repent, or grieve (impersonal, with dative or accusative of subject)


hælan

hǣlan (canonical)
hǣlan (infinitive)
hǣlenne (infinitive)
hǣle (first-person present singular)
hǣlde (first-person past singular)
hǣlest (present second-person singular)
hǣlst (present second-person singular)
hǣldest (past second-person singular)
hǣleþ (present singular third-person)
hǣlþ (present singular third-person)
hǣlde (past singular third-person)
hǣlaþ (plural present)
hǣldon (past plural)
hǣle (present singular)
hǣlde (past singular)
hǣlen (plural present)
hǣlden (past plural)
hǣl (imperative past present singular)
hǣlaþ (imperative past plural present)
hǣlende (imperative present)
hǣled (imperative past)
ġehǣled (imperative past)

Middle English: helen
English: heal
→ Dutch: healen
Scots: heal

From Proto-West Germanic *hailijan.
Cognates
Cognate with Old Frisian hēla, Old Saxon hēlian (Low German helen), Dutch helen, Old High German heilen (German heilen), Old Norse heila (Danish hele, Swedish hela), Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽 (hailjan).


huntian

huntian (infinitive)
huntienne (infinitive)
huntiġe (first-person present singular)
huntode (first-person past singular)
huntast (present second-person singular)
huntodest (past second-person singular)
huntaþ (present singular third-person)
huntode (past singular third-person)
huntiaþ (plural present)
huntodon (past plural)
huntiġe (present singular)
huntode (past singular)
huntiġen (plural present)
huntoden (past plural)
hunta (imperative past present singular)
huntiaþ (imperative past plural present)
huntiende (imperative present)
huntod (imperative past)
ġehuntod (imperative past)

desc

Middle English: huntien, hunten, hounten

English: hunt

Scots: hunt


þusend

Middle English: thusand, thousand, thousend

desctree

English: thousand
→ Hawaiian: kaukani, tausani

Scots: thousand, thoosan, thoosand


husbonda

Middle English: husbonde, hosband, hosbonde, hosebonde, housbande, housbond, housbonde, housboonde, husband, husbande
English: husband
⇒ Chinese: 黑漆板凳 (hēiqī bǎndèng) (obsolete)
→ Japanese: ハズバンド (hazubando)
⇒ English: husbando
Scots: husband
→ Welsh: hwsmon

hūs + bonda, a calque of Old Norse húsbóndi.


fedan

fēdan (canonical)
fēdan (infinitive)
fēdenne (infinitive)
fēde (first-person present singular)
fēdde (first-person past singular)
fēdest (present second-person singular)
fētst (present second-person singular)
fēddest (past second-person singular)
fēdeþ (present singular third-person)
fētt (present singular third-person)
fēt (present singular third-person)
fēdde (past singular third-person)
fēdaþ (plural present)
fēddon (past plural)
fēde (present singular)
fēdde (past singular)
fēden (plural present)
fēdden (past plural)
fēd (imperative past present singular)
fēdaþ (imperative past plural present)
fēdende (imperative present)
fēded (imperative past)
ġefēded (imperative past)

Middle English: feden

Scots: fede, feid

English: feed

From Proto-Germanic *fōdijaną, from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂-. Cognate with Old Saxon fōdian, Dutch voeden, Old High German fuotan, Old Norse fǿða (Danish føde, Swedish föda, Icelandic fæða), Gothic 𐍆𐍉𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 (fōdjan).


lengþu

lengþu (nominative singular)
lengþa (nominative plural)
lengþe (nominative plural)
lengþe (accusative singular)
lengþa (accusative plural)
lengþe (accusative plural)
lengþe (genitive singular)
lengþa (genitive plural)
lengþe (dative singular)
lengþum (dative plural)

Middle English: lengthe, leinþ, lencþe, length, lengþe, lenkthe, lenkþe, lenth, lenthe, lenþe, leynþe, lenght, lenghte, lenghthe, lenȝte, lenȝth (especially Northern), lencth, lenketh, lenkethe, lenkith (Late Middle English, Northern), lengðe (Early Middle English)
English: length
Scots: lenth, lainth


hælþ

hǣlþ (canonical feminine)
hǣlþ (nominative singular)
hǣlþa (nominative plural)
hǣlþe (nominative plural)
hǣlþe (accusative singular)
hǣlþa (accusative plural)
hǣlþe (accusative plural)
hǣlþe (genitive singular)
hǣlþa (genitive plural)
hǣlþe (dative singular)
hǣlþum (dative plural)

Middle English: helthe, elþ, elþe, healethe, heleth, helth, helþe, hilþe, helte (Late Middle English)
English: health
Scots: helth, halth

Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *hailiþu, from Proto-Germanic *hailiþō, from Proto-Germanic *hailaz (“whole, hale”). Equivalent to hāl + -þ. Cognate with Old High German heilida.


hlysnan

hlysnan (infinitive)
hlysnenne (infinitive)
hlysne (first-person present singular)
hlysnde (first-person past singular)
hlysnede (first-person past singular)
hlysnest (present second-person singular)
hlysndest (past second-person singular)
hlysnedest (past second-person singular)
hlysneþ (present singular third-person)
hlysnde (past singular third-person)
hlysnede (past singular third-person)
hlysnaþ (plural present)
hlysndon (past plural)
hlysnedon (past plural)
hlysne (present singular)
hlysnde (past singular)
hlysnede (past singular)
hlysnen (plural present)
hlysnden (past plural)
hlysneden (past plural)
hlysne (imperative past present singular)
hlysnaþ (imperative past plural present)
hlysnende (imperative present)
hlysned (imperative past)
ġehlysned (imperative past)

Middle English: listenen

English: listen

From Proto-Germanic *hlusnijaną, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱlew-. Cognate with Middle High German lüsenen (“to listen”).


heorþ

heorþ (nominative singular)
heorþas (nominative plural)
heorþ (accusative singular)
heorþas (accusative plural)
heorþes (genitive singular)
heorþa (genitive plural)
heorþe (dative singular)
heorþum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: herth, harthe, heorð, heorþ, herthe, hertþ, herþ
English: hearth
Scots: harth, hairth


heawan

hēawan (canonical)
hēawan (infinitive)
hēawenne (infinitive)
hēawe (first-person present singular)
hēow (first-person past singular)
hīewst (present second-person singular)
hēowe (past second-person singular)
hīewþ (present singular third-person)
hēow (past singular third-person)
hēawaþ (plural present)
hēowon (past plural)
hēawe (present singular)
hēowe (past singular)
hēawen (plural present)
hēowen (past plural)
hēaw (imperative past present singular)
hēawaþ (imperative past plural present)
hēawende (imperative present)
hēawen (imperative past)
ġehēawen (imperative past)

Middle English: hewen

English: hew

Scots: hew, hewe

/ˈxæ͜ɑː.wɑn/

[ˈhæ͜ɑː.wɑn]

From Proto-Germanic *hawwaną, a reduplicating verb, from Proto-Indo-European *kewh₂- (“to hew; to hit, strike; to forge”). Cognate with Old Dutch houwan (modern Dutch houwen), Old Frisian hawa, Old High German houwan (modern German hauen), Old Norse hǫggva (Icelandic höggva, Swedish hugga), Old Saxon hauwan, hauuan.


endleofan

desctree

Middle English: elleven, eleven, elleovene, ellevene, ellevyn, endleve, enleve, enleven
English: eleven
Middle Scots: ane-levin, alevin, ellevin, elevin, levin
Scots: eleiven, eleeven

From Proto-Germanic *ainalif, a compound of *ainaz and *-lif. Cognate with Old Frisian andlova, Old Saxon ellevan, Old High German einlif, Old Norse ellifu.


hierde

hierde (nominative singular)
hierdas (nominative plural)
hierde (accusative singular)
hierdas (accusative plural)
hierdes (genitive singular)
hierda (genitive plural)
hierde (dative singular)
hierdum (dative plural)

Middle English: herde
English: herd
Scots: herd, hird

From Proto-Germanic *hirdijaz, derived from *herdō (“herd”). Cognate with Old Saxon hirdi, Old High German hirti (German Hirte), Old Norse hirðir (Swedish herde).


hwisprian

hwisprian (infinitive)
hwisprienne (infinitive)
hwispriġe (first-person present singular)
hwisprode (first-person past singular)
hwisprast (present second-person singular)
hwisprodest (past second-person singular)
hwispraþ (present singular third-person)
hwisprode (past singular third-person)
hwispriaþ (plural present)
hwisprodon (past plural)
hwispriġe (present singular)
hwisprode (past singular)
hwispriġen (plural present)
hwisproden (past plural)
hwispra (imperative past present singular)
hwispriaþ (imperative past plural present)
hwispriende (imperative present)
hwisprod (imperative past)
ġehwisprod (imperative past)

English: whisper


hwæder

Middle English: whider
English: whither (archaic)
Yola: fidi, vidy, vidie

From Proto-Germanic *hwadrê. Cognate with Gothic 𐍈𐌰𐌳𐍂𐌴 (ƕadrē).

Iċ nāt hwæder iċ fare.

Iċ wundriġe hwæder sē hund ēode.

Beorn sċeal ġebīdan, · þonne hē bēot spriceð,
oþþæt collenferð · cunne ġearwe
hwider hreþra ġehyġd · hweorfan wille.

Man must pause when he tells a promise
until bold spirit would know clearly
where thought of hearts would turn.


hungor

hungor (nominative singular)
hungras (nominative plural)
hungor (accusative singular)
hungras (accusative plural)
hungres (genitive singular)
hungra (genitive plural)
hungre (dative singular)
hungrum (dative plural)

Middle English: hunger, hunngerr, hungor, hungær, hunguer, honguer, honger, hungre, hongre, hungere, hongur, hounger, hounguer, hungir, hungyr, hungur
English: hunger
Scots: hounger, hunger

From Proto-West Germanic *hungr, from Proto-Germanic *hungruz. Cognate with Old Frisian hunger, Old Saxon hungar, Old High German hungar, Old Norse hungr.

late 9th century, translation of Orosius’ History Against the Pagans
Æfter þǣm Rōmeburg ġetimbred wæs V hunde wintrum ⁊ XXXIII, Hannibal, Pena cyning, besǣt Saguntum Ispania burg...⁊ þǣr wæs sittende eahta mōnaþ, oþ hē hīe ealle hungre ācwealde, ⁊ þā burg tōwearp....

533 years after Rome was built, Hannibal, king of the Carthaginians, laid siege to Saguntum, a city in Hispania...and he sat there for eight months, until he killed them all with hunger, and destroyed the city...


græs

grasu (nominative plural)
græs (nominative singular)
grasu (nominative plural)
græs (accusative singular)
grasu (accusative plural)
græses (genitive singular)
grasa (genitive plural)
græse (dative singular)
grasum (dative plural)

Middle English: gras, grasse, gresse, gres, gers, grece, græs, grace, gars, grys, grisse, grese
English: grass
Tok Pisin: gras, garas
Fiji Hindi: giraas
Scots: gress, gres, grais, graiss, grase, gers, girs

From Proto-Germanic *grasą, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰreH₁- (“grow, become green”). Cognate with Old Frisian gres, Old Saxon gras, Old High German gras, Old Norse gras, Gothic 𐌲𐍂𐌰𐍃 (gras).


twelf

desctree

Middle English: twelve, twelfe, twelf, twælf, tuelf
English: twelve
Scots: twal, twol (obsolete twelf, twalf, tuelf)

From Proto-Germanic *twalif, a compound of *twa- (compare two) and *-lif.


hwær

Middle English: wher, where, wheir, whare, were, qwere
English: where, quhair, quhar, quher, quhere (obsolete)
Scots: whaur

Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *hwār, from Proto-Germanic *hwar.

Hwǣr eart þū?

Hwǣr wunast þū?

Hwǣr sind þā cȳ? Iċ hīe sēċe.

Where are the cows? I'm looking for them.

c. 900, the Old English Boethius
Hwǣr sind nū þæs Wēlandes bān, oþþe hwā wāt nū hwǣr hīe wǣron?

Where are Wayland's bones now, and who knows where they were anymore?


hwæte

hwǣte (canonical masculine)
hwǣte (nominative singular)
hwǣte (accusative singular)
hwǣtes (genitive singular)
hwǣte (dative singular)

Middle English: whete, ȝwete, huete, weete, wete, wheete, whet, whette, wheyte, wheytt, whiett, whyte, quete, quheyt, qwet, qwhete (Northern), hwæte, hweate, hwete, whæte (Early Middle English)
English: wheat
Middle Scots: quhete
Scots: white, wheat, wheyt
Yola: whet


hwæþer

From Proto-West Germanic *hwaþar, see also Old High German wedar, Old Norse hvaðarr.


hwæþer

Middle English: whether

Scots: quhether, quhither, whedder

English: whether

late 10th century, Ælfric, "Chair of Saint Peter"
...and hē lēop sona cunniġende his fēðes hwæðer hē cūðe gān.

and he leapt up immediately, trying his power of motion, whether he could walk.


gretan

grētan (canonical)
grētan (infinitive)
grētenne (infinitive)
grēte (first-person present singular)
grētte (first-person past singular)
grētest (present second-person singular)
grētst (present second-person singular)
grēttest (past second-person singular)
grēteþ (present singular third-person)
grētt (present singular third-person)
grēt (present singular third-person)
grētte (past singular third-person)
grētaþ (plural present)
grētton (past plural)
grēte (present singular)
grētte (past singular)
grēten (plural present)
grētten (past plural)
grēt (imperative past present singular)
grētaþ (imperative past plural present)
grētende (imperative present)
grēted (imperative past)
ġegrēted (imperative past)

Middle English: greten

English: greet

Scots: grete, greit

From Proto-West Germanic *grōtijan, from Proto-Germanic *grōtijaną.

þonne māga ġemynd · mōd ġeondhweorfeð,
grēteð glīwstafum, · ġeorne ġeondsċēawað
seċġa ġeseldan. · Swimmað oft on weġ.

when mind goes through memory of kinsmen,
greets with mirths, eagerly looks through
comrades of men. They often swim away.


gretan

grētan (canonical)
grētan (infinitive)
grētenne (infinitive)
grēte (first-person present singular)
grēt (first-person past singular)
grētst (present second-person singular)
grēte (past second-person singular)
grētt (present singular third-person)
grēt (present singular third-person)
grēt (past singular third-person)
grētaþ (plural present)
grēton (past plural)
grēte (present singular)
grēte (past singular)
grēten (plural present)
grēten (past plural)
grēt (imperative past present singular)
grētaþ (imperative past plural present)
grētende (imperative present)
grēten (imperative past)
ġegrēten (imperative past)


græg

grǣġ (canonical)
grǣġ (masculine nominative singular)
grǣġ (feminine nominative singular)
grǣġ (neuter nominative singular)
grǣġne (accusative masculine singular)
grǣġe (accusative feminine singular)
grǣġ (accusative neuter singular)
grǣġes (genitive masculine singular)
grǣġre (feminine genitive singular)
grǣġes (genitive neuter singular)
grǣġum (dative masculine singular)
grǣġre (dative feminine singular)
grǣġum (dative neuter singular)
grǣġe (instrumental masculine singular)
grǣġre (feminine instrumental singular)
grǣġe (instrumental neuter singular)
grǣġe (masculine nominative plural)
grǣġa (feminine nominative plural)
grǣġe (feminine nominative plural)
grǣġ (neuter nominative plural)
grǣġe (accusative masculine plural)
grǣġa (accusative feminine plural)
grǣġe (accusative feminine plural)
grǣġ (accusative neuter plural)
grǣġra (genitive masculine plural)
grǣġra (feminine genitive plural)
grǣġra (genitive neuter plural)
grǣġum (dative masculine plural)
grǣġum (dative feminine plural)
grǣġum (dative neuter plural)
grǣġum (instrumental masculine plural)
grǣġum (feminine instrumental plural)
grǣġum (instrumental neuter plural)
grǣġa (masculine nominative singular)
grǣġe (feminine nominative singular)
grǣġe (neuter nominative singular)
grǣġan (accusative masculine singular)
grǣġan (accusative feminine singular)
grǣġe (accusative neuter singular)
grǣġan (genitive masculine singular)
grǣġan (feminine genitive singular)
grǣġan (genitive neuter singular)
grǣġan (dative masculine singular)
grǣġan (dative feminine singular)
grǣġan (dative neuter singular)
grǣġan (instrumental masculine singular)
grǣġan (feminine instrumental singular)
grǣġan (instrumental neuter singular)
grǣġan (masculine nominative plural)
grǣġan (feminine nominative plural)
grǣġan (neuter nominative plural)
grǣġan (accusative masculine plural)
grǣġan (accusative feminine plural)
grǣġan (accusative neuter plural)
grǣġra (genitive masculine plural)
grǣġena (genitive masculine plural)
grǣġra (feminine genitive plural)
grǣġena (feminine genitive plural)
grǣġra (genitive neuter plural)
grǣġena (genitive neuter plural)
grǣġum (dative masculine plural)
grǣġum (dative feminine plural)
grǣġum (dative neuter plural)
grǣġum (instrumental masculine plural)
grǣġum (feminine instrumental plural)
grǣġum (instrumental neuter plural)

Middle English: grey
English: gray, grey
Scots: gray
Yola: gry

From Proto-West Germanic *grāg, a byform of *grāu, from Proto-Germanic *grēwaz.


gyrdan

gyrdan (infinitive)
gyrdenne (infinitive)
gyrde (first-person present singular)
gyrde (first-person past singular)
gyrdest (present second-person singular)
gyrst (present second-person singular)
gyrtst (present second-person singular)
gyrdest (past second-person singular)
gyrdeþ (present singular third-person)
gyrt (present singular third-person)
gyrde (past singular third-person)
gyrdaþ (plural present)
gyrdon (past plural)
gyrde (present singular)
gyrde (past singular)
gyrden (plural present)
gyrden (past plural)
gyrd (imperative past present singular)
gyrdaþ (imperative past plural present)
gyrdende (imperative present)
gyrded (imperative past)
ġegyrded (imperative past)

Middle English: gurden, gyrden, girden

English: gird

Scots: gyrd, gird

ymbgyrdan

to gird about, put a girdle about, surround


bisig

bisiġ (canonical)
bisiġ (masculine nominative singular)
bisiġ (feminine nominative singular)
bisiġ (neuter nominative singular)
bisiġne (accusative masculine singular)
bisiġe (accusative feminine singular)
bisiġ (accusative neuter singular)
bisiġes (genitive masculine singular)
bisiġre (feminine genitive singular)
bisiġes (genitive neuter singular)
bisiġum (dative masculine singular)
bisiġre (dative feminine singular)
bisiġum (dative neuter singular)
bisiġe (instrumental masculine singular)
bisiġre (feminine instrumental singular)
bisiġe (instrumental neuter singular)
bisiġe (masculine nominative plural)
bisiġa (feminine nominative plural)
bisiġe (feminine nominative plural)
bisiġ (neuter nominative plural)
bisiġe (accusative masculine plural)
bisiġa (accusative feminine plural)
bisiġe (accusative feminine plural)
bisiġ (accusative neuter plural)
bisiġra (genitive masculine plural)
bisiġra (feminine genitive plural)
bisiġra (genitive neuter plural)
bisiġum (dative masculine plural)
bisiġum (dative feminine plural)
bisiġum (dative neuter plural)
bisiġum (instrumental masculine plural)
bisiġum (feminine instrumental plural)
bisiġum (instrumental neuter plural)
bisiġa (masculine nominative singular)
bisiġe (feminine nominative singular)
bisiġe (neuter nominative singular)
bisiġan (accusative masculine singular)
bisiġan (accusative feminine singular)
bisiġe (accusative neuter singular)
bisiġan (genitive masculine singular)
bisiġan (feminine genitive singular)
bisiġan (genitive neuter singular)
bisiġan (dative masculine singular)
bisiġan (dative feminine singular)
bisiġan (dative neuter singular)
bisiġan (instrumental masculine singular)
bisiġan (feminine instrumental singular)
bisiġan (instrumental neuter singular)
bisiġan (masculine nominative plural)
bisiġan (feminine nominative plural)
bisiġan (neuter nominative plural)
bisiġan (accusative masculine plural)
bisiġan (accusative feminine plural)
bisiġan (accusative neuter plural)
bisiġra (genitive masculine plural)
bisiġena (genitive masculine plural)
bisiġra (feminine genitive plural)
bisiġena (feminine genitive plural)
bisiġra (genitive neuter plural)
bisiġena (genitive neuter plural)
bisiġum (dative masculine plural)
bisiġum (dative feminine plural)
bisiġum (dative neuter plural)
bisiġum (instrumental masculine plural)
bisiġum (feminine instrumental plural)
bisiġum (instrumental neuter plural)

Middle English: bisy, bysy, bisie, bysie, bisi, bysi, bysye, bisiȝ, besi, besy, besie, besye, busy, busi, busie
English: busy
Scots: bissy, besy, bussie

From Proto-West Germanic *bisīg (“diligent, zealous, busy”).


glæd

ang-adj

glæd (comparative glædra, superlative gladost)

glædra (comparative)
gladost (superlative)
glæd (masculine nominative singular)
gladu (feminine nominative singular)
glado (feminine nominative singular)
glæd (neuter nominative singular)
glædne (accusative masculine singular)
glade (accusative feminine singular)
glæd (accusative neuter singular)
glades (genitive masculine singular)
glædre (feminine genitive singular)
glades (genitive neuter singular)
gladum (dative masculine singular)
glædre (dative feminine singular)
gladum (dative neuter singular)
glade (instrumental masculine singular)
glædre (feminine instrumental singular)
glade (instrumental neuter singular)
glade (masculine nominative plural)
glada (feminine nominative plural)
glade (feminine nominative plural)
gladu (neuter nominative plural)
glado (neuter nominative plural)
glade (accusative masculine plural)
glada (accusative feminine plural)
glade (accusative feminine plural)
gladu (accusative neuter plural)
glado (accusative neuter plural)
glædra (genitive masculine plural)
glædra (feminine genitive plural)
glædra (genitive neuter plural)
gladum (dative masculine plural)
gladum (dative feminine plural)
gladum (dative neuter plural)
gladum (instrumental masculine plural)
gladum (feminine instrumental plural)
gladum (instrumental neuter plural)
glada (masculine nominative singular)
glade (feminine nominative singular)
glade (neuter nominative singular)
gladan (accusative masculine singular)
gladan (accusative feminine singular)
glade (accusative neuter singular)
gladan (genitive masculine singular)
gladan (feminine genitive singular)
gladan (genitive neuter singular)
gladan (dative masculine singular)
gladan (dative feminine singular)
gladan (dative neuter singular)
gladan (instrumental masculine singular)
gladan (feminine instrumental singular)
gladan (instrumental neuter singular)
gladan (masculine nominative plural)
gladan (feminine nominative plural)
gladan (neuter nominative plural)
gladan (accusative masculine plural)
gladan (accusative feminine plural)
gladan (accusative neuter plural)
glædra (genitive masculine plural)
gladena (genitive masculine plural)
glædra (feminine genitive plural)
gladena (feminine genitive plural)
glædra (genitive neuter plural)
gladena (genitive neuter plural)
gladum (dative masculine plural)
gladum (dative feminine plural)
gladum (dative neuter plural)
gladum (instrumental masculine plural)
gladum (feminine instrumental plural)
gladum (instrumental neuter plural)

desctree

Middle English: glad, glade, gladde, glaid, gled
English: glad
Scots: gled, glaid
Yola: glaude

⇒ Middle English: glade, glode, glede
English: glade
Yola: gladès

From Proto-Germanic *gladaz (“smooth”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰladh-, from Proto-Indo-European *g̑ʰel- (“to shine”). Cognate with Old Saxon glad (“glad, happy”), Old High German glat (“smooth”) (German glatt (“smooth”)), Old Norse glaðr (“smooth; happy”) (Swedish glad).

der

…Hwīlum iċ onhyrġe þone haswan earn, gūðfugles hlēoþor; hwīlum glidan reorde mūþe ġemǣne, hwīlum mǣwes song, þǣr iċ glado sitte.

…Sometimes I imitate the grey eagle, a speech of war-bird; sometimes a kite's voice with common mouth, sometimes a gull's song when I sit gladful.


bonda

bonda (nominative singular)
bondan (nominative plural)
bondan (accusative singular)
bondan (accusative plural)
bondan (genitive singular)
bondena (genitive plural)
bondan (dative singular)
bondum (dative plural)

Middle English: bonde

English: bond

⇒ Medieval Latin: bondagium

→ Middle English: bondage

English: bondage

Scots: bondage

From Old Norse bóndi (“farmer; husband”, literally “dweller”).


twentig

desctree

Middle English: twenty
English: twenty
Tok Pisin: twenti
Scots: twinty, twenty, tuenty
Yola: dwanty

From Proto-Germanic *twaintigaz, *twai tigiwiz. Cognate with Old Frisian and Old Saxon twentig, Old High German zweinzug, Old Norse tuttugu.

Tō twām and twēntiġum dō endleofan; þonne beoþ þǣr þrēo and þrītiġ.


giellan

ġiellan (canonical)
ġiellan (infinitive)
ġiellenne (infinitive)
ġielle (first-person present singular)
ġeall (first-person past singular)
ġielst (present second-person singular)
gulle (past second-person singular)
ġielþ (present singular third-person)
ġeall (past singular third-person)
ġiellaþ (plural present)
gullon (past plural)
ġielle (present singular)
gulle (past singular)
ġiellen (plural present)
gullen (past plural)
ġiell (imperative past present singular)
ġiellaþ (imperative past plural present)
ġiellende (imperative present)
gollen (imperative past)
ġegollen (imperative past)

Middle English: yellen, ȝelle, ȝellen, ȝeollen, ȝollen, yel, yelle, yhelle, yolle, yollen
English: yell
Scots: yell

Iċ eom wunderliċu wiht, wrǣsne mīne stefne, hwīlum beorce swā hund, hwīlum blǣte swā gāt, hwīlum grǣde swā gōs, hwīlum ġielle swā hafoc,…

I am a wonderful thing, change my voice, sometimes bark like a hound, sometimes bleat like a goat, sometimes cry like a goose, sometimes yell like a hawk,…


wull

wull (nominative singular)
wulle (accusative singular)
wulle (genitive singular)
wulle (dative singular)

Middle English: wolle, wol, woll, woolle, woul, woule, wull, wulle
English: wool
Scots: woll, wol, wow, wo, oull, owll, owl, oo
Yola: wul

From Proto-West Germanic *wullu, from Proto-Germanic *wullō, from *wulnā, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wĺ̥h₁neh₂.

Sċēap man hielt for heora wulle and flǣsċe.

c. 996, Ælfric, Lives of Saints
Swīðe sweartes līchaman hēo wæs for þǣre sunnan hǣte, and þā loccas hire hēafdes wǣron swā hwīte swā wull.

Her skin was tanned very dark [lit. "she was of a very black body"] from the sun's heat, and the locks of her hair were as white as wool.


þri

þrī (canonical)
þrī (masculine nominative plural)
þrēo (feminine nominative plural)
þrēo (neuter nominative plural)
þrī (accusative masculine plural)
þrēo (accusative feminine plural)
þrēo (accusative neuter plural)
þrēora (genitive masculine plural)
þrēora (feminine genitive plural)
þrēora (genitive neuter plural)
þrim (dative masculine plural)
þrim (dative feminine plural)
þrim (dative neuter plural)
þrim (instrumental masculine plural)
þrim (feminine instrumental plural)
þrim (instrumental neuter plural)

Middle English: thre, threo, thri, thrie, þre, þreo
English: three
Scots: three, threi, shrei, hrei
Yola: dhree, dhrie, dree

From Proto-Germanic *þrīz, from Proto-Indo-European *tréyes.
Cognate with Old High German drī, French trois, Ancient Greek τρεῖς (treîs), Russian три (tri).


þridda

From Proto-Germanic *þridjô, related to the cardinal numeral þrī.


þridda

þridda (masculine nominative singular)
þridde (feminine nominative singular)
þridde (neuter nominative singular)
þriddan (accusative masculine singular)
þriddan (accusative feminine singular)
þridde (accusative neuter singular)
þriddan (genitive masculine singular)
þriddan (feminine genitive singular)
þriddan (genitive neuter singular)
þriddan (dative masculine singular)
þriddan (dative feminine singular)
þriddan (dative neuter singular)
þriddan (instrumental masculine singular)
þriddan (feminine instrumental singular)
þriddan (instrumental neuter singular)
þriddan (masculine nominative plural)
þriddan (feminine nominative plural)
þriddan (neuter nominative plural)
þriddan (accusative masculine plural)
þriddan (accusative feminine plural)
þriddan (accusative neuter plural)
þridra (genitive masculine plural)
þriddena (genitive masculine plural)
þridra (feminine genitive plural)
þriddena (feminine genitive plural)
þridra (genitive neuter plural)
þriddena (genitive neuter plural)
þriddum (dative masculine plural)
þriddum (dative feminine plural)
þriddum (dative neuter plural)
þriddum (instrumental masculine plural)
þriddum (feminine instrumental plural)
þriddum (instrumental neuter plural)

Middle English: thridde, thrid

English: third

Scots: thrid


geolu

ġeolu (canonical)
ġeolu (masculine nominative singular)
ġeolo (masculine nominative singular)
ġeolu (feminine nominative singular)
ġeolo (feminine nominative singular)
ġeolu (neuter nominative singular)
ġeolo (neuter nominative singular)
ġeolone (accusative masculine singular)
ġeolwe (accusative feminine singular)
ġeolu (accusative neuter singular)
ġeolo (accusative neuter singular)
ġeolwes (genitive masculine singular)
ġeolore (feminine genitive singular)
ġeolwes (genitive neuter singular)
ġeolwum (dative masculine singular)
ġeolore (dative feminine singular)
ġeolwum (dative neuter singular)
ġeolwe (instrumental masculine singular)
ġeolore (feminine instrumental singular)
ġeolwe (instrumental neuter singular)
ġeolwe (masculine nominative plural)
ġeolwa (feminine nominative plural)
ġeolwe (feminine nominative plural)
ġeolu (neuter nominative plural)
ġeolo (neuter nominative plural)
ġeolwe (accusative masculine plural)
ġeolwa (accusative feminine plural)
ġeolwe (accusative feminine plural)
ġeolu (accusative neuter plural)
ġeolo (accusative neuter plural)
ġeolora (genitive masculine plural)
ġeolora (feminine genitive plural)
ġeolora (genitive neuter plural)
ġeolwum (dative masculine plural)
ġeolwum (dative feminine plural)
ġeolwum (dative neuter plural)
ġeolwum (instrumental masculine plural)
ġeolwum (feminine instrumental plural)
ġeolwum (instrumental neuter plural)
ġeolwa (masculine nominative singular)
ġeolwe (feminine nominative singular)
ġeolwe (neuter nominative singular)
ġeolwan (accusative masculine singular)
ġeolwan (accusative feminine singular)
ġeolwe (accusative neuter singular)
ġeolwan (genitive masculine singular)
ġeolwan (feminine genitive singular)
ġeolwan (genitive neuter singular)
ġeolwan (dative masculine singular)
ġeolwan (dative feminine singular)
ġeolwan (dative neuter singular)
ġeolwan (instrumental masculine singular)
ġeolwan (feminine instrumental singular)
ġeolwan (instrumental neuter singular)
ġeolwan (masculine nominative plural)
ġeolwan (feminine nominative plural)
ġeolwan (neuter nominative plural)
ġeolwan (accusative masculine plural)
ġeolwan (accusative feminine plural)
ġeolwan (accusative neuter plural)
ġeolora (genitive masculine plural)
ġeolwena (genitive masculine plural)
ġeolora (feminine genitive plural)
ġeolwena (feminine genitive plural)
ġeolora (genitive neuter plural)
ġeolwena (genitive neuter plural)
ġeolwum (dative masculine plural)
ġeolwum (dative feminine plural)
ġeolwum (dative neuter plural)
ġeolwum (instrumental masculine plural)
ġeolwum (feminine instrumental plural)
ġeolwum (instrumental neuter plural)

Middle English: ȝelwe, ȝalow, yelow

English: yellow; yeller, yallow, yaller, yullow (dialectal)

Scots: yella, yelly, yallow

From Proto-West Germanic *gelu, from Proto-Germanic *gelwaz, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃- (“shine, glisten”).

der

Him bēoþ þā ēagan ġeolu.


hwettan

hwettan (infinitive)
hwettenne (infinitive)
hwette (first-person present singular)
hwette (first-person past singular)
hwetst (present second-person singular)
hwettest (past second-person singular)
hwett (present singular third-person)
hwet (present singular third-person)
hwette (past singular third-person)
hwettaþ (plural present)
hwetton (past plural)
hwette (present singular)
hwette (past singular)
hwetten (plural present)
hwetten (past plural)
hwete (imperative past present singular)
hwettaþ (imperative past plural present)
hwettende (imperative present)
hweted (imperative past)
ġehweted (imperative past)
hwett (imperative past)
ġehwett (imperative past)
hwet (imperative past)
ġehwet (imperative past)

desctree

Middle English: whetten, qwete, whett, whette, whettyn, whætte (Early Middle English)
English: whet
Scots: what
Yola: what

From Proto-West Germanic *hwattjan, from Proto-Germanic *hwatjaną (“to incite, sharpen”), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷeh₁d- (“sharp”).
Cognate with Middle Dutch wetten (Dutch wetten), Old High German wezzan (German wetzen), Old Norse hvetja (Swedish vässa).


hiew

hīew (canonical neuter)
hīew (nominative singular)
hīew (nominative plural)
hīew (accusative singular)
hīew (accusative plural)
hīewes (genitive singular)
hīewa (genitive plural)
hīewe (dative singular)
hīewum (dative plural)

Middle English: hewe

English: hue

Scots: hew, hu, hue

Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *hiwi, from Proto-Germanic *hiwją (“shape, form, appearance, blee”), from Proto-Indo-European *kew- (“skin, complexion”).
Cognate with Bornholm Danish hy (“complexion”), Gothic 𐌷𐌹𐍅𐌹 (hiwi, “form, appearance”), Old Norse hý (“down of birds”), Swedish hy, Sanskrit छवि (chavi, “skin, hide, beauty, splendour”).

cog

Early 11th c., Defensor's translation of Liber Scintillarum
...nā besēoh þū on wīfes hīw...

...do not look at a woman's appearance...

c. 996, Ælfric's Lives of Saints
Þā ġeseah hē onġemang ōðrum twēġen ġeonge cneohtas, þæt hīe wǣron wlitiġe on hīewe and lange on wæstmum.

Then he (Trajan) spotted two boys in the crowd and noticed they were beautiful in appearance and tall in stature.

c. 992, Ælfric, "The Epiphany of the Lord"
Eft embe ġēara ymbrynum hē wearð on his fulluhte on þysum dæġe middanġearde ġeswutelod, ðāðā sē Hālga Gāst, on culfran hīwe, uppon him ġereste, and þæs Fæder stemn of heofenum hlūde sweġde, þūs cweðende, "Þēs is mīn lēofa Sunu, þe mē wel līcað; ġehȳrað him."

Again, after a course of years, he was, at his baptism, manifested to the world, when the Holy Ghost, in likeness of a dove, rested upon him, and the voice of the Father sounded loudly from heaven, thus saying, "This is my beloved Son who well pleaseth me; obey him."

c. 992, Ælfric, "The Nativity of St. Andrew the Apostle"
Ġif ðū leornian wille hū þæt ġewurðan mæġe, þonne undernim ðū leorning-cnihtes hīw, þæt þū ðās ġerȳnu leornian mæġe.

If thou wilt learn how that can be, take a disciple's form, that thou mayest learn this mystery.


seofoþa

From Proto-West Germanic *sebunþō, alternative form of *sebundō, from Proto-Germanic *sebundô.


seofoþa

seofoþa (masculine nominative singular)
seofoþe (feminine nominative singular)
seofoþe (neuter nominative singular)
seofoþan (accusative masculine singular)
seofoþan (accusative feminine singular)
seofoþe (accusative neuter singular)
seofoþan (genitive masculine singular)
seofoþan (feminine genitive singular)
seofoþan (genitive neuter singular)
seofoþan (dative masculine singular)
seofoþan (dative feminine singular)
seofoþan (dative neuter singular)
seofoþan (instrumental masculine singular)
seofoþan (feminine instrumental singular)
seofoþan (instrumental neuter singular)
seofoþan (masculine nominative plural)
seofoþan (feminine nominative plural)
seofoþan (neuter nominative plural)
seofoþan (accusative masculine plural)
seofoþan (accusative feminine plural)
seofoþan (accusative neuter plural)
seofoþra (genitive masculine plural)
seofoþena (genitive masculine plural)
seofoþra (feminine genitive plural)
seofoþena (feminine genitive plural)
seofoþra (genitive neuter plural)
seofoþena (genitive neuter plural)
seofoþum (dative masculine plural)
seofoþum (dative feminine plural)
seofoþum (dative neuter plural)
seofoþum (instrumental masculine plural)
seofoþum (feminine instrumental plural)
seofoþum (instrumental neuter plural)

desctree

Middle English: seventhe, sefnthe, sefte, sefth, sevend, sevende, seventh, sevenþe, seveþe, sevynte, sevynth, zevende, sefennde, seofaþe, seofeðe, seofoðe, seoveðe (Early Middle English)
English: seventh
Scots: seevent


eahtoþa

eahtoþa (masculine nominative singular)
eahtoþe (feminine nominative singular)
eahtoþe (neuter nominative singular)
eahtoþan (accusative masculine singular)
eahtoþan (accusative feminine singular)
eahtoþe (accusative neuter singular)
eahtoþan (genitive masculine singular)
eahtoþan (feminine genitive singular)
eahtoþan (genitive neuter singular)
eahtoþan (dative masculine singular)
eahtoþan (dative feminine singular)
eahtoþan (dative neuter singular)
eahtoþan (instrumental masculine singular)
eahtoþan (feminine instrumental singular)
eahtoþan (instrumental neuter singular)
eahtoþan (masculine nominative plural)
eahtoþan (feminine nominative plural)
eahtoþan (neuter nominative plural)
eahtoþan (accusative masculine plural)
eahtoþan (accusative feminine plural)
eahtoþan (accusative neuter plural)
eahtoþra (genitive masculine plural)
eahtoþena (genitive masculine plural)
eahtoþra (feminine genitive plural)
eahtoþena (feminine genitive plural)
eahtoþra (genitive neuter plural)
eahtoþena (genitive neuter plural)
eahtoþum (dative masculine plural)
eahtoþum (dative feminine plural)
eahtoþum (dative neuter plural)
eahtoþum (instrumental masculine plural)
eahtoþum (feminine instrumental plural)
eahtoþum (instrumental neuter plural)

Middle English: eiȝtthe, eahtuðe, ehtuðe, egteðe, eyghte, aght, eiȝteþe, eyteth, eghte, aiȝtede, eighthe, eghþe, eytþe, eȝte, eytiþ, eiȝtþe
English: eighth
Scots: echt

late 10th century, Ælfric, Lives of Saints
Þā on þām eahteoþan ġēare siþþan hēo abbudisse wæs, hēo wæs ġeuntrumod swā swā hēo ǣr witeġode, swā þæt ān ġeswel wēox on hire swūran myċel under ċynnbane...

Then on the eighth year since she became abbotess, she was sickened as she had previously predicted, as a large tumor grew on her neck under the chinbone....


iernan

iernan (infinitive)
iernenne (infinitive)
ierne (first-person present singular)
arn (first-person past singular)
orn (first-person past singular)
earn (first-person past singular)
iernst (present second-person singular)
urne (past second-person singular)
iernþ (present singular third-person)
arn (past singular third-person)
orn (past singular third-person)
earn (past singular third-person)
iernaþ (plural present)
urnon (past plural)
ierne (present singular)
urne (past singular)
iernen (plural present)
urnen (past plural)
iern (imperative past present singular)
iernaþ (imperative past plural present)
iernende (imperative present)
urnen (imperative past)
ġeurnen (imperative past)


locc

Middle English: lok, lokke

English: lock

Scots: lok


læwed

lǣwed (canonical masculine)
lǣwedas (nominative plural)
lǣwed (nominative singular)
lǣwedas (nominative plural)
lǣwed (accusative singular)
lǣwedas (accusative plural)
lǣwedes (genitive singular)
lǣweda (genitive plural)
lǣwede (dative singular)
lǣwedum (dative plural)

Middle English: lewed (noun)

From the adjective lǣwede (“lay, non-clerical”).


hedan

hēdan (canonical)
hēdan (infinitive)
hēdenne (infinitive)
hēde (first-person present singular)
hēdde (first-person past singular)
hēdest (present second-person singular)
hētst (present second-person singular)
hēddest (past second-person singular)
hēdeþ (present singular third-person)
hētt (present singular third-person)
hēt (present singular third-person)
hēdde (past singular third-person)
hēdaþ (plural present)
hēddon (past plural)
hēde (present singular)
hēdde (past singular)
hēden (plural present)
hēdden (past plural)
hēd (imperative past present singular)
hēdaþ (imperative past plural present)
hēdende (imperative present)
hēded (imperative past)
ġehēded (imperative past)

Middle English: heden

English: heed

Scots: hede

Proto-West Germanic *hōdijan. Cognate with Old Saxon hodian (Middle Low German höden), Dutch hoeden, Old High German huotan (German hüten).

(intransitive) to pay attention, take notice (+ genitive)


hwil

hwīl (canonical feminine)
hwīl (nominative singular)
hwīla (nominative plural)
hwīle (nominative plural)
hwīle (accusative singular)
hwīla (accusative plural)
hwīle (accusative plural)
hwīle (genitive singular)
hwīla (genitive plural)
hwīle (dative singular)
hwīlum (dative plural)

Middle English: whyle, while, hwile, qhyle, wile
English: while
Scots: while
Yola: while

From Proto-West Germanic *hwīlu. Cognate with Old Frisian hwīle, Old Saxon hwīla, Old High German wīla, Old Norse hvíla, Gothic 𐍈𐌴𐌹𐌻𐌰 (ƕeila).

sume hwīle

lȳtle hwīle

ealle hwīle


ilca

ilca (masculine nominative singular)
ilce (feminine nominative singular)
ilce (neuter nominative singular)
ilcan (accusative masculine singular)
ilcan (accusative feminine singular)
ilce (accusative neuter singular)
ilcan (genitive masculine singular)
ilcan (feminine genitive singular)
ilcan (genitive neuter singular)
ilcan (dative masculine singular)
ilcan (dative feminine singular)
ilcan (dative neuter singular)
ilcan (instrumental masculine singular)
ilcan (feminine instrumental singular)
ilcan (instrumental neuter singular)
ilcan (masculine nominative plural)
ilcan (feminine nominative plural)
ilcan (neuter nominative plural)
ilcan (accusative masculine plural)
ilcan (accusative feminine plural)
ilcan (accusative neuter plural)
ilcra (genitive masculine plural)
ilcena (genitive masculine plural)
ilcra (feminine genitive plural)
ilcena (feminine genitive plural)
ilcra (genitive neuter plural)
ilcena (genitive neuter plural)
ilcum (dative masculine plural)
ilcum (dative feminine plural)
ilcum (dative neuter plural)
ilcum (instrumental masculine plural)
ilcum (feminine instrumental plural)
ilcum (instrumental neuter plural)

Middle English: ilke

Scots: ilk

English: ilk

From Proto-Germanic *ilīkaz (“the same”, literally “it/he/she -like”), a compound of *iz and *-līkaz from the noun *līką (“body”).


nigoþa

From Proto-West Germanic *nigunþō, alternative form of *nigundō, *neundō, from Proto-Germanic *newundô.

Hāliġmōnaþ is sē nigoþa mōnaþ on ġēare.

September is the ninth month of the year.


nigoþa

nigoþa (masculine nominative singular)
nigoþe (feminine nominative singular)
nigoþe (neuter nominative singular)
nigoþan (accusative masculine singular)
nigoþan (accusative feminine singular)
nigoþe (accusative neuter singular)
nigoþan (genitive masculine singular)
nigoþan (feminine genitive singular)
nigoþan (genitive neuter singular)
nigoþan (dative masculine singular)
nigoþan (dative feminine singular)
nigoþan (dative neuter singular)
nigoþan (instrumental masculine singular)
nigoþan (feminine instrumental singular)
nigoþan (instrumental neuter singular)
nigoþan (masculine nominative plural)
nigoþan (feminine nominative plural)
nigoþan (neuter nominative plural)
nigoþan (accusative masculine plural)
nigoþan (accusative feminine plural)
nigoþan (accusative neuter plural)
nigoþra (genitive masculine plural)
nigoþena (genitive masculine plural)
nigoþra (feminine genitive plural)
nigoþena (feminine genitive plural)
nigoþra (genitive neuter plural)
nigoþena (genitive neuter plural)
nigoþum (dative masculine plural)
nigoþum (dative feminine plural)
nigoþum (dative neuter plural)
nigoþum (instrumental masculine plural)
nigoþum (feminine instrumental plural)
nigoþum (instrumental neuter plural)

desctree

Middle English: nynthe, neȝende, nend, neyneþe, neynt, neynþe, niþe, nyneþe, nyend, nyghend, nynnte, nynte, nynþe, nyþe, nieðe, niȝeðe, niȝende, niȝoðe (Early Middle English)
English: ninth
Scots: nint, ninte, nyint, nynt, nynte


teoþa

From Proto-West Germanic *tehunþō, alternative form of *tehundō, from Proto-Germanic *tehundô.


teoþa

tēoþa (canonical)
tēoþa (masculine nominative singular)
tēoþe (feminine nominative singular)
tēoþe (neuter nominative singular)
tēoþan (accusative masculine singular)
tēoþan (accusative feminine singular)
tēoþe (accusative neuter singular)
tēoþan (genitive masculine singular)
tēoþan (feminine genitive singular)
tēoþan (genitive neuter singular)
tēoþan (dative masculine singular)
tēoþan (dative feminine singular)
tēoþan (dative neuter singular)
tēoþan (instrumental masculine singular)
tēoþan (feminine instrumental singular)
tēoþan (instrumental neuter singular)
tēoþan (masculine nominative plural)
tēoþan (feminine nominative plural)
tēoþan (neuter nominative plural)
tēoþan (accusative masculine plural)
tēoþan (accusative feminine plural)
tēoþan (accusative neuter plural)
tēoþra (genitive masculine plural)
tēoþena (genitive masculine plural)
tēoþra (feminine genitive plural)
tēoþena (feminine genitive plural)
tēoþra (genitive neuter plural)
tēoþena (genitive neuter plural)
tēoþum (dative masculine plural)
tēoþum (dative feminine plural)
tēoþum (dative neuter plural)
tēoþum (instrumental masculine plural)
tēoþum (feminine instrumental plural)
tēoþum (instrumental neuter plural)

Middle English: tethe, tythe, tithe

English: tithe

Scots: teith (obsolete)

⇒ Middle English: tenthe, tende

English: tenth

Scots: teind, tent


lefan

lēfan (canonical)
lēfan (infinitive)
lēfenne (infinitive)
lēfe (first-person present singular)
lēfde (first-person past singular)
lēfest (present second-person singular)
lēfst (present second-person singular)
lēfdest (past second-person singular)
lēfeþ (present singular third-person)
lēfþ (present singular third-person)
lēfde (past singular third-person)
lēfaþ (plural present)
lēfdon (past plural)
lēfe (present singular)
lēfde (past singular)
lēfen (plural present)
lēfden (past plural)
lēf (imperative past present singular)
lēfaþ (imperative past plural present)
lēfende (imperative present)
lēfed (imperative past)
ġelēfed (imperative past)

Alternative form of līefan (“to allow, to permit; to believe”)


leafa

Middle English: bileve, bileave, believe
English: belief
Yola: beleave

From Proto-West Germanic *laubu, from Proto-Germanic *laubō (compare Dutch geloof and German Glaube).


lemian

lemian (infinitive)
lemienne (infinitive)
lemiġe (first-person present singular)
lemode (first-person past singular)
lemast (present second-person singular)
lemodest (past second-person singular)
lemaþ (present singular third-person)
lemode (past singular third-person)
lemiaþ (plural present)
lemodon (past plural)
lemiġe (present singular)
lemode (past singular)
lemiġen (plural present)
lemoden (past plural)
lema (imperative past present singular)
lemiaþ (imperative past plural present)
lemiende (imperative present)
lemod (imperative past)
ġelemod (imperative past)

Variant of lemman, from Proto-Germanic *lamjaną.


rarian

rārian (canonical)
rārian (infinitive)
rārienne (infinitive)
rāriġe (first-person present singular)
rārode (first-person past singular)
rārast (present second-person singular)
rārodest (past second-person singular)
rāraþ (present singular third-person)
rārode (past singular third-person)
rāriaþ (plural present)
rārodon (past plural)
rāriġe (present singular)
rārode (past singular)
rāriġen (plural present)
rāroden (past plural)
rāra (imperative past present singular)
rāriaþ (imperative past plural present)
rāriende (imperative present)
rārod (imperative past)
ġerārod (imperative past)

Middle English: raren, roren

English: roar

Scots: rare, rair

>? Scots: rere, reir

From Proto-West Germanic *rairōn (“to roar, cry”).


fodor

desctree

Middle English: fodder, foddre, fodre, foder, fodyr, foddur, voddur
English: fodder
Scots: foder, fodder, fother, fothir

From Proto-Germanic *fōdrą, whence also Old Frisian fōder, Old High German fuotar, Old Norse fóðr. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂- (“guard, graze, feed”).


fodor

From Proto-West Germanic *fōdr. Compare Old High German fuotar, Old Norse fóðr, Gothic 𐍆𐍉𐌳𐍂 (fōdr).


ræran

rǣran (canonical)
rǣran (infinitive)
rǣrenne (infinitive)
rǣre (first-person present singular)
rǣrde (first-person past singular)
rǣrest (present second-person singular)
rǣrst (present second-person singular)
rǣrdest (past second-person singular)
rǣreþ (present singular third-person)
rǣrþ (present singular third-person)
rǣrde (past singular third-person)
rǣraþ (plural present)
rǣrdon (past plural)
rǣre (present singular)
rǣrde (past singular)
rǣren (plural present)
rǣrden (past plural)
rǣr (imperative past present singular)
rǣraþ (imperative past plural present)
rǣrende (imperative present)
rǣred (imperative past)
ġerǣred (imperative past)

Middle English: reren

English: rear

Scots: rere, reir

From Proto-West Germanic *raiʀijan, from Proto-Germanic *raizijaną, causative of Proto-Germanic *rīsaną (“to rise”).

to raise, set upright, begin, create, rouse, promote


feorþa

From earlier fēowerþa, from the cardinal numeral fēower, from Proto-West Germanic *feurþō. Compare Old Frisian fiārda, Old Saxon fiortho, Old High German fiordo, Old Norse fjórði.


feorþa

fēorþa (canonical)
fēorþa (masculine nominative singular)
fēorþe (feminine nominative singular)
fēorþe (neuter nominative singular)
fēorþan (accusative masculine singular)
fēorþan (accusative feminine singular)
fēorþe (accusative neuter singular)
fēorþan (genitive masculine singular)
fēorþan (feminine genitive singular)
fēorþan (genitive neuter singular)
fēorþan (dative masculine singular)
fēorþan (dative feminine singular)
fēorþan (dative neuter singular)
fēorþan (instrumental masculine singular)
fēorþan (feminine instrumental singular)
fēorþan (instrumental neuter singular)
fēorþan (masculine nominative plural)
fēorþan (feminine nominative plural)
fēorþan (neuter nominative plural)
fēorþan (accusative masculine plural)
fēorþan (accusative feminine plural)
fēorþan (accusative neuter plural)
fēorþra (genitive masculine plural)
fēorþena (genitive masculine plural)
fēorþra (feminine genitive plural)
fēorþena (feminine genitive plural)
fēorþra (genitive neuter plural)
fēorþena (genitive neuter plural)
fēorþum (dative masculine plural)
fēorþum (dative feminine plural)
fēorþum (dative neuter plural)
fēorþum (instrumental masculine plural)
fēorþum (feminine instrumental plural)
fēorþum (instrumental neuter plural)

desctree

Middle English: feorþe, veorðe, feorðe, forðe, ferthe, fourthe, ferþe, fourþe, feurþe, fourte, ferth, fferth, fourth, fourt, verþe, firþe, firthe, fuyrthe, feorþe, veorðe, feorðe, forðe, IIIIᵗʰ
English: fourth
Scots: fourt
Yola: vourthe


fifta

fīfta (canonical)
fīfta (masculine nominative singular)
fīfte (feminine nominative singular)
fīfte (neuter nominative singular)
fīftan (accusative masculine singular)
fīftan (accusative feminine singular)
fīfte (accusative neuter singular)
fīftan (genitive masculine singular)
fīftan (feminine genitive singular)
fīftan (genitive neuter singular)
fīftan (dative masculine singular)
fīftan (dative feminine singular)
fīftan (dative neuter singular)
fīftan (instrumental masculine singular)
fīftan (feminine instrumental singular)
fīftan (instrumental neuter singular)
fīftan (masculine nominative plural)
fīftan (feminine nominative plural)
fīftan (neuter nominative plural)
fīftan (accusative masculine plural)
fīftan (accusative feminine plural)
fīftan (accusative neuter plural)
fīftra (genitive masculine plural)
fīftena (genitive masculine plural)
fīftra (feminine genitive plural)
fīftena (feminine genitive plural)
fīftra (genitive neuter plural)
fīftena (genitive neuter plural)
fīftum (dative masculine plural)
fīftum (dative feminine plural)
fīftum (dative neuter plural)
fīftum (instrumental masculine plural)
fīftum (feminine instrumental plural)
fīftum (instrumental neuter plural)

Middle English: fifte
English: fifth
Scots: fift, fyft


hopian

hopian (infinitive)
hopienne (infinitive)
hopiġe (first-person present singular)
hopode (first-person past singular)
hopast (present second-person singular)
hopodest (past second-person singular)
hopaþ (present singular third-person)
hopode (past singular third-person)
hopiaþ (plural present)
hopodon (past plural)
hopiġe (present singular)
hopode (past singular)
hopiġen (plural present)
hopoden (past plural)
hopa (imperative past present singular)
hopiaþ (imperative past plural present)
hopiende (imperative present)
hopod (imperative past)
ġehopod (imperative past)

Middle English: hopen

English: hope

Scots: hope, hoip, houp

Iċ hopiġe beterena daga.

Uton ealle hopian þæs betstan and wēnan þæs wierrestan.

Let's all hope for the best and expect the worst.


elpend

elpend (nominative singular)
elpendas (nominative plural)
elpend (accusative singular)
elpendas (accusative plural)
elpendes (genitive singular)
elpenda (genitive plural)
elpende (dative singular)
elpendum (dative plural)

Middle English: elp, ylp

From Proto-West Germanic *elpand (“elephant; ivory”).

inh

late 9th century, translation of Orosius’ History Against the Pagans
⁊ hē [Pirrus] hæfde XX elpenda tō þǣm ġefeohte mid him, þe Rōmane ǣr na ne ne ġesawon: hē wæs sē forma mon þe hīe ǣrest on Italium brōhte.

And he [Pyrrhus] had twenty elephants with him in battle, which the Romans had never seen before; he was the first man to bring them to Italy.


iecan

īeċan (canonical)
īeċan (infinitive)
īeċenne (infinitive)
īeċe (first-person present singular)
īehte (first-person past singular)
īeċest (present second-person singular)
īecst (present second-person singular)
īehtest (past second-person singular)
īeċeþ (present singular third-person)
īecþ (present singular third-person)
īehte (past singular third-person)
īeċaþ (plural present)
īehton (past plural)
īeċe (present singular)
īehte (past singular)
īeċen (plural present)
īehten (past plural)
īeċ (imperative past present singular)
īeċaþ (imperative past plural present)
īeċende (imperative present)
īeht (imperative past)
ġeīeht (imperative past)

Middle English: echen

From Proto-West Germanic *aukijan (“to increase”), equivalent to ēaca + -an. Related to Proto-Germanic *aukaną (“to increase”) and Latin augeō.

Þonne iċ mec onhebbe ond hī onhnīgaþ tō mē, moniġe mid miltse, þǣr iċ monnum sceal īċan upcyme ēadiġnesse.

When I raise myself up and they bow down to me, many with mercy, then I shall increase rising of happiness for men.


hræd

ang-adj

hræd (comparative hrædra, superlative hradost)

hrædra (comparative)
hradost (superlative)
hræd (masculine nominative singular)
hradu (feminine nominative singular)
hrado (feminine nominative singular)
hræd (neuter nominative singular)
hrædne (accusative masculine singular)
hrade (accusative feminine singular)
hræd (accusative neuter singular)
hrades (genitive masculine singular)
hrædre (feminine genitive singular)
hrades (genitive neuter singular)
hradum (dative masculine singular)
hrædre (dative feminine singular)
hradum (dative neuter singular)
hrade (instrumental masculine singular)
hrædre (feminine instrumental singular)
hrade (instrumental neuter singular)
hrade (masculine nominative plural)
hrada (feminine nominative plural)
hrade (feminine nominative plural)
hradu (neuter nominative plural)
hrado (neuter nominative plural)
hrade (accusative masculine plural)
hrada (accusative feminine plural)
hrade (accusative feminine plural)
hradu (accusative neuter plural)
hrado (accusative neuter plural)
hrædra (genitive masculine plural)
hrædra (feminine genitive plural)
hrædra (genitive neuter plural)
hradum (dative masculine plural)
hradum (dative feminine plural)
hradum (dative neuter plural)
hradum (instrumental masculine plural)
hradum (feminine instrumental plural)
hradum (instrumental neuter plural)
hrada (masculine nominative singular)
hrade (feminine nominative singular)
hrade (neuter nominative singular)
hradan (accusative masculine singular)
hradan (accusative feminine singular)
hrade (accusative neuter singular)
hradan (genitive masculine singular)
hradan (feminine genitive singular)
hradan (genitive neuter singular)
hradan (dative masculine singular)
hradan (dative feminine singular)
hradan (dative neuter singular)
hradan (instrumental masculine singular)
hradan (feminine instrumental singular)
hradan (instrumental neuter singular)
hradan (masculine nominative plural)
hradan (feminine nominative plural)
hradan (neuter nominative plural)
hradan (accusative masculine plural)
hradan (accusative feminine plural)
hradan (accusative neuter plural)
hrædra (genitive masculine plural)
hradena (genitive masculine plural)
hrædra (feminine genitive plural)
hradena (feminine genitive plural)
hrædra (genitive neuter plural)
hradena (genitive neuter plural)
hradum (dative masculine plural)
hradum (dative feminine plural)
hradum (dative neuter plural)
hradum (instrumental masculine plural)
hradum (feminine instrumental plural)
hradum (instrumental neuter plural)

desctree

Middle English: rad, radde, rade, red, ræd (Early Middle English)
Scots: redd, red

From Proto-West Germanic *hrad, from Proto-Germanic *hradaz.


hlowan

hlōwan (canonical)
hlōwan (infinitive)
hlōwenne (infinitive)
hlōwe (first-person present singular)
hlēow (first-person past singular)
hlēwst (present second-person singular)
hlēowe (past second-person singular)
hlēwþ (present singular third-person)
hlēow (past singular third-person)
hlōwaþ (plural present)
hlēowon (past plural)
hlōwe (present singular)
hlēowe (past singular)
hlōwen (plural present)
hlēowen (past plural)
hlōw (imperative past present singular)
hlōwaþ (imperative past plural present)
hlōwende (imperative present)
hlōwen (imperative past)
ġehlōwen (imperative past)

Middle English: lowen, louen, loowen, louwen, lhouen
English: low
Scots: low


elpendban

elpendbān (canonical neuter)
elpendbān (nominative singular)
elpendbān (accusative singular)
elpendbānes (genitive singular)
elpendbāne (dative singular)

Middle English: ylpen-ban, hilpen ban

⇒ Middle English: alpes bon

From Proto-West Germanic *elpandabain, equivalent to elpend (“elephant”) + bān (“bone”). Cognate with Old Dutch elpondbēn, Old High German elfantbein.


hreaw

hrēaw (canonical)
hrēaw (masculine nominative singular)
hrēaw (feminine nominative singular)
hrēaw (neuter nominative singular)
hrēawne (accusative masculine singular)
hrēawe (accusative feminine singular)
hrēaw (accusative neuter singular)
hrēawes (genitive masculine singular)
hrēawre (feminine genitive singular)
hrēawes (genitive neuter singular)
hrēawum (dative masculine singular)
hrēawre (dative feminine singular)
hrēawum (dative neuter singular)
hrēawe (instrumental masculine singular)
hrēawre (feminine instrumental singular)
hrēawe (instrumental neuter singular)
hrēawe (masculine nominative plural)
hrēawa (feminine nominative plural)
hrēawe (feminine nominative plural)
hrēaw (neuter nominative plural)
hrēawe (accusative masculine plural)
hrēawa (accusative feminine plural)
hrēawe (accusative feminine plural)
hrēaw (accusative neuter plural)
hrēawra (genitive masculine plural)
hrēawra (feminine genitive plural)
hrēawra (genitive neuter plural)
hrēawum (dative masculine plural)
hrēawum (dative feminine plural)
hrēawum (dative neuter plural)
hrēawum (instrumental masculine plural)
hrēawum (feminine instrumental plural)
hrēawum (instrumental neuter plural)
hrēawa (masculine nominative singular)
hrēawe (feminine nominative singular)
hrēawe (neuter nominative singular)
hrēawan (accusative masculine singular)
hrēawan (accusative feminine singular)
hrēawe (accusative neuter singular)
hrēawan (genitive masculine singular)
hrēawan (feminine genitive singular)
hrēawan (genitive neuter singular)
hrēawan (dative masculine singular)
hrēawan (dative feminine singular)
hrēawan (dative neuter singular)
hrēawan (instrumental masculine singular)
hrēawan (feminine instrumental singular)
hrēawan (instrumental neuter singular)
hrēawan (masculine nominative plural)
hrēawan (feminine nominative plural)
hrēawan (neuter nominative plural)
hrēawan (accusative masculine plural)
hrēawan (accusative feminine plural)
hrēawan (accusative neuter plural)
hrēawra (genitive masculine plural)
hrēawena (genitive masculine plural)
hrēawra (feminine genitive plural)
hrēawena (feminine genitive plural)
hrēawra (genitive neuter plural)
hrēawena (genitive neuter plural)
hrēawum (dative masculine plural)
hrēawum (dative feminine plural)
hrēawum (dative neuter plural)
hrēawum (instrumental masculine plural)
hrēawum (feminine instrumental plural)
hrēawum (instrumental neuter plural)

Middle English: rawe, raw, rau, rauȝ, raugh, rae, ra, rowe
English: raw
Scots: raw

From Proto-West Germanic *hrau, from Proto-Germanic *hrawaz, from Proto-Indo-European *krewh₂-. Cognate with Old High German rāo, Old Norse hrár.


meaht

second-person singular present indicative of maġan


læste

Middle English: laste

English: last

From Proto-Germanic *laistiz, from Proto-Indo-European *leys- (“track, furrow”), similar to the verb leornian.


læfan

lǣfan (canonical)
lǣfan (infinitive)
lǣfenne (infinitive)
lǣfe (first-person present singular)
lǣfde (first-person past singular)
lǣfest (present second-person singular)
lǣfst (present second-person singular)
lǣfdest (past second-person singular)
lǣfeþ (present singular third-person)
lǣfþ (present singular third-person)
lǣfde (past singular third-person)
lǣfaþ (plural present)
lǣfdon (past plural)
lǣfe (present singular)
lǣfde (past singular)
lǣfen (plural present)
lǣfden (past plural)
lǣf (imperative past present singular)
lǣfaþ (imperative past plural present)
lǣfende (imperative present)
lǣfed (imperative past)
ġelǣfed (imperative past)

desctree

Middle English: leven, leaven, lefven
English: leave
Scots: leve, leif
Yola: laave, lea, lee

From Proto-West Germanic *laibijan (“to leave”). Compare Old Frisian lēva, Old Saxon lēvian, Old High German leiben, Old Norse leifa.


leogan

lēogan (canonical)
lēogan (infinitive)
lēogenne (infinitive)
lēoge (first-person present singular)
lēag (first-person past singular)
lēah (first-person past singular)
līeġst (present second-person singular)
luge (past second-person singular)
līeġþ (present singular third-person)
lēag (past singular third-person)
lēah (past singular third-person)
lēogaþ (plural present)
lugon (past plural)
lēoge (present singular)
luge (past singular)
lēogen (plural present)
lugen (past plural)
lēog (imperative past present singular)
lēoh (imperative past present singular)
lēogaþ (imperative past plural present)
lēogende (imperative present)
logen (imperative past)
ġelogen (imperative past)

Middle English: lien

English: lie

Scots: lee

From Proto-West Germanic *leugan. Cognate with Old Frisian liāga.


mægester

desctree

Middle English: maister, maistre, mayster, maystr, maistir (reinforced by Old French maistre)
English: master (see there for further descendants)
English: mister (see there for further descendants)
Scots: maister


dragan

dragan (infinitive)
dragenne (infinitive)
drage (first-person present singular)
drōg (first-person past singular)
drōh (first-person past singular)
dræġst (present second-person singular)
drōge (past second-person singular)
dræġþ (present singular third-person)
drōg (past singular third-person)
drōh (past singular third-person)
dragaþ (plural present)
drōgon (past plural)
drage (present singular)
drōge (past singular)
dragen (plural present)
drōgen (past plural)
drag (imperative past present singular)
drah (imperative past present singular)
dragaþ (imperative past plural present)
dragende (imperative present)
dræġen (imperative past)
ġedræġen (imperative past)
dragen (imperative past)
ġedragen (imperative past)

Middle English: drauen, drawen; draggen

English: draw; drag


dwola

dwolan (nominative plural)
dwola (nominative singular)
dwolan (nominative plural)
dwolan (accusative singular)
dwolan (accusative plural)
dwolan (genitive singular)
dwolena (genitive plural)
dwolan (dative singular)
dwolum (dative plural)

desc

influenced by <i class="Latn mention" lang="enm">dwelen</i>

Middle English: dwele, duele, dwel, dwelle, dweole (influenced by dwelen)


liccian

liccian (infinitive)
liccienne (infinitive)
licciġe (first-person present singular)
liccode (first-person past singular)
liccast (present second-person singular)
liccodest (past second-person singular)
liccaþ (present singular third-person)
liccode (past singular third-person)
licciaþ (plural present)
liccodon (past plural)
licciġe (present singular)
liccode (past singular)
licciġen (plural present)
liccoden (past plural)
licca (imperative past present singular)
licciaþ (imperative past plural present)
licciende (imperative present)
liccod (imperative past)
ġeliccod (imperative past)

desctree

Middle English: likken, licke, liken
English: lick
Scots: lik
Yola: lick

From Proto-West Germanic *likkōn. Cognate with Old Frisian *likkia, Old Saxon likkon, Old High German lecchōn.


læran

lǣran (canonical)
lǣran (infinitive)
lǣrenne (infinitive)
lǣre (first-person present singular)
lǣrde (first-person past singular)
lǣrest (present second-person singular)
lǣrst (present second-person singular)
lǣrdest (past second-person singular)
lǣreþ (present singular third-person)
lǣrþ (present singular third-person)
lǣrde (past singular third-person)
lǣraþ (plural present)
lǣrdon (past plural)
lǣre (present singular)
lǣrde (past singular)
lǣren (plural present)
lǣrden (past plural)
lǣr (imperative past present singular)
lǣraþ (imperative past plural present)
lǣrende (imperative present)
lǣred (imperative past)
ġelǣred (imperative past)

Middle English: leren

English: lere, leer

From Proto-West Germanic *laiʀijan, from Proto-Germanic *laizijaną, from *laizō (“teaching”).
Cognate with Old Frisian lēra, Old Saxon lērian, Dutch lēren, Old High German lēren.

Mīn mōdor mē lǣrde þæt iċ ne wurpe stānas on crypelas.

My mother taught me not to throw stones at cripples.

late 9th century, King Alfred's translation of Saint Augustine's Soliloquies
Ic dō swā ðū mē lǣrst...

late 10th century, Ælfric, "Saint George, Martyr"
Nāst þū lā Geori þæt ūre godas swincað mid þē and ġit hī synd ġeþyldiġe þæt hī þe miltsion. Nū lǣre ic ðē swā swā lēofne sunu þæt ðū þæra cristenra lāre forlǣte mid ealle and tō mīnum rǣde hraðe ġebūge swā þæt ðū offriġe þām ārwurðan Appoline and þū mycelne wurðmynt miht swā beġitan.

Knowest thou not, O George, that our gods are striving with thee, and even yet they are patient, that they may pity thee; now I exhort thee, as a beloved son, that thou altogether quit the Christians' doctrine, and quickly incline to my counsel, so that thou sacrifice to the venerable Apollo, and thou mayest so obtain great honour.'


mægeþ

mæġeþ (canonical feminine)
mæġeþ (nominative singular)
mæġeþ (nominative plural)
mæġeþ (accusative singular)
mæġeþ (accusative plural)
mæġeþ (genitive singular)
mæġþa (genitive plural)
mæġeþ (dative singular)
mæġþum (dative plural)

Middle English: mæið, meið, maið, maȝþ

English: maid

Scots: maid

From Proto-West Germanic *magaþ, from Proto-Germanic *magaþs.


mæsse

mæsse (nominative singular)
mæssan (nominative plural)
mæssan (accusative singular)
mæssan (accusative plural)
mæssan (genitive singular)
mæssena (genitive plural)
mæssan (dative singular)
mæssum (dative plural)

Middle English: messe (in part)

English: Mass, mass

Scots: mess

From *Vulgar Latin messa, from Late Latin missa.

mass (mostly in Roman Catholic churches)


lænan

lǣnan (canonical)
lǣnan (infinitive)
lǣnenne (infinitive)
lǣne (first-person present singular)
lǣnde (first-person past singular)
lǣnest (present second-person singular)
lǣnst (present second-person singular)
lǣndest (past second-person singular)
lǣneþ (present singular third-person)
lǣnþ (present singular third-person)
lǣnde (past singular third-person)
lǣnaþ (plural present)
lǣndon (past plural)
lǣne (present singular)
lǣnde (past singular)
lǣnen (plural present)
lǣnden (past plural)
lǣn (imperative past present singular)
lǣnaþ (imperative past plural present)
lǣnende (imperative present)
lǣned (imperative past)
ġelǣned (imperative past)

Middle English: lenen

English: lend

Scots: lene, len, lend

Equivalent to lǣn + -an. Akin to Old Norse lána and Old High German lēhanōn, lēhanen. Compare Danish låne, Dutch lenen and German lehnen (“to borrow”).


lænan

inflection of lǣne:
accusative masculine/feminine singular


libban

libban (infinitive)
libbenne (infinitive)
libbe (first-person present singular)
lifde (first-person past singular)
leofast (present second-person singular)
lifdest (past second-person singular)
leofaþ (present singular third-person)
lifde (past singular third-person)
libbaþ (plural present)
lifdon (past plural)
libbe (present singular)
lifde (past singular)
libben (plural present)
lifden (past plural)
leofa (imperative past present singular)
libbaþ (imperative past plural present)
libbende (imperative present)
lifd (imperative past)
ġelifd (imperative past)

Middle English: lyven, leeve, lefe, leve, leven, libbe, libben, lifen, live, liven, lybbe, lyve, libbæn, libbenn, livie, livien, luvien
English: live
Scots: leeve
Yola: live

From Proto-West Germanic *libbjan, from Proto-Germanic *libjaną.
Cognate with Old Frisian leva, Old Saxon libbian, Old High German lebēn, Old Norse lifa, Gothic 𐌻𐌹𐌱𐌰𐌽 (liban).

late 10th century, Ælfric, the Old English Hexateuch, Genesis 45:3

And he said to his brothers, "I am Joseph! Is our father still alive?" But, out of fear, his brothers could not answer him.

And hē cwæþ tō his ġebrōðrum, "Iċ eom Iosep! Leofaþ ūre fæder nū ġīet?" Þā ne meahton his ġebrōðru him for eġe ġeandwyrdan.


læccan

læċċan (canonical)
læċċan (infinitive)
læċċenne (infinitive)
læċċe (first-person present singular)
lǣhte (first-person past singular)
læċest (present second-person singular)
lǣhtest (past second-person singular)
læċeþ (present singular third-person)
lǣhte (past singular third-person)
læċċaþ (plural present)
lǣhton (past plural)
læċċe (present singular)
lǣhte (past singular)
læċċen (plural present)
lǣhten (past plural)
læċe (imperative past present singular)
læċċaþ (imperative past plural present)
læċċende (imperative present)
lǣht (imperative past)
ġelǣht (imperative past)

Middle English: lacchen

English: latch

From Proto-West Germanic *lakkjan (“to seize”), from Proto-Germanic *lakjaną (“to grasp, seize”), evidently only attested in Old English, from Proto-Indo-European *lh₂g-ie-, which could be an isogloss shared with Ancient Greek λάζομαι (lázomai, “I seize, grasp”).

cog

to grab (sometimes violently: snatch, catch, apprehend)


locian

lōcian (canonical)
lōcian (infinitive)
lōcienne (infinitive)
lōciġe (first-person present singular)
lōcode (first-person past singular)
lōcast (present second-person singular)
lōcodest (past second-person singular)
lōcaþ (present singular third-person)
lōcode (past singular third-person)
lōciaþ (plural present)
lōcodon (past plural)
lōciġe (present singular)
lōcode (past singular)
lōciġen (plural present)
lōcoden (past plural)
lōca (imperative past present singular)
lōciaþ (imperative past plural present)
lōciende (imperative present)
lōcod (imperative past)
ġelōcod (imperative past)

desctree

Middle English: loken, lokan, locen, locan, lokken, locken, luken, lukken (chiefly N & NM), lokien, lokiæn, lokin, locian (S & K & SM, chiefly early)
English: look (see there for further descendants)
Geordie English: luik, leuk
Scots: luik, leuk, luke
Yola: looke

late 9th century, translation of Orosius’ History Against the Pagans
...and hēo wæs swīþe fæġer on tō lōcianne...

...and it was very beautiful to look at.

The Dialogue of Adrian and Ritheus
Ic ðē secge, for ðām ðe hēo lōcað ufan on helle.

I tell thee, because it looketh down on hell.

late 9th century, King Alfred's translation of Saint Augustine's Soliloquies
Lōca nū þæt þū ofergemet ne wilnige, nū ðū hī tōgædere metest. Woldest þū cunnan God swā swā Alipius?

Look to it now that thy desire be not beyond measure, now that thou comparest them together. Wouldst thou know God just as thou dost Alypius?


leornian

leornian (infinitive)
leornienne (infinitive)
leorniġe (first-person present singular)
leornode (first-person past singular)
leornast (present second-person singular)
leornodest (past second-person singular)
leornaþ (present singular third-person)
leornode (past singular third-person)
leorniaþ (plural present)
leornodon (past plural)
leorniġe (present singular)
leornode (past singular)
leorniġen (plural present)
leornoden (past plural)
leorna (imperative past present singular)
leorniaþ (imperative past plural present)
leorniende (imperative present)
leornod (imperative past)
ġeleornod (imperative past)

Middle English: lernen

English: learn

Scots: lerne, leirn, lairn

From Proto-West Germanic *liʀnōn, from Proto-Germanic *lizaną. Cognate with Old Frisian lirnia, Old Saxon līnon, and Old High German lernēn. Related to lǣran and lār.

Ǣlċe dæġe iċ leorniġe mā be þisse mǣran byrġ.

Every day I learn more about this great city.

late 10th century, Ælfric, "Saint Mark, Evangelist"
Ne ge-seah he crist on life ac he leornode swaðeah of petres bodunge hu he ða boc gesette...

He never saw Christ in life, but he learned, nevertheless, from Peter's preaching, how he should write the book,...

late 10th century, Ælfric, "Saint Basilius, Bishop"
His fæder and his frynd hine befæstan to lare, to woruldwisdom, ða þa he syfon wyntre wæs, forþan þe on þam timan ne teah nan æðelborennysse nænne man to wurðscype, butan he wisdom ær ðam lange leornode æt gelæredum uðwytum.

His father and his friends committed him to learning and to worldly wisdom when he was seven years [old], because at that time no nobility exalted any man to honour, unless he had learned wisdom for a long time beforehand of learned philosophers.

late 9th century, King Alfred's translation of Boethius' The Consolation of Philosophy
Þā hē þās bōc hæfde ġeleornode and of Lǣdene tō Engliscum spelle ġewende, þā ġeworhte hē hīe eft tō lēoðe.

When King Alfred had studied this book and translated it from Latin verse into English prose, he converted it back into verse.


mearc

mearc (nominative singular)
mearca (nominative plural)
mearce (nominative plural)
mearce (accusative singular)
mearca (accusative plural)
mearce (accusative plural)
mearce (genitive singular)
mearca (genitive plural)
mearce (dative singular)
mearcum (dative plural)

Middle English: marke, merke, mark

English: mark

Scots: merk, mark

From Proto-West Germanic *marku, from Proto-Germanic *markō.


healf

healf (nominative singular)
healfa (nominative plural)
healfe (nominative plural)
healfe (accusative singular)
healfa (accusative plural)
healfe (accusative plural)
healfe (genitive singular)
healfa (genitive plural)
healfe (dative singular)
healfum (dative plural)

From Proto-West Germanic *halbu, from Proto-Germanic *halbō.

c. 992, Ælfric, "Easter Sunday"
Sē enġel sæt on þā swīðran healfe þǣre byrġene.

The angel sat on the right side of the tomb.

late 9th century, translation of Orosius' History Against the Pagans
Sċotland is on ǣlċe healfe ymbfangen mid gārseċġe.

Ireland is surrounded by ocean on all sides (literally every side).

translation of Orosius' History Against the Pagans
Þǣr wǣron swā miċele manslihtas on ǣġðre healfe þæt hīe man æt nīehstan bebyrġan ne meahte.

So many people were killed on either side that they were eventually unable to bury them.

late 10th century, Ælfric, On the Seasons of the Year
On þā healfe þe sēo sunne sċīnþ þǣr biþ dæġ, and on þā healfe þe hēo ne sċīnþ þǣr biþ niht.

On the half where the sun shines there is day, and on the half where it doesn't shine there is night.


healf

healf (masculine nominative singular)
healf (feminine nominative singular)
healf (neuter nominative singular)
healfne (accusative masculine singular)
healfe (accusative feminine singular)
healf (accusative neuter singular)
healfes (genitive masculine singular)
healfre (feminine genitive singular)
healfes (genitive neuter singular)
healfum (dative masculine singular)
healfre (dative feminine singular)
healfum (dative neuter singular)
healfe (instrumental masculine singular)
healfre (feminine instrumental singular)
healfe (instrumental neuter singular)
healfe (masculine nominative plural)
healfa (feminine nominative plural)
healfe (feminine nominative plural)
healf (neuter nominative plural)
healfe (accusative masculine plural)
healfa (accusative feminine plural)
healfe (accusative feminine plural)
healf (accusative neuter plural)
healfra (genitive masculine plural)
healfra (feminine genitive plural)
healfra (genitive neuter plural)
healfum (dative masculine plural)
healfum (dative feminine plural)
healfum (dative neuter plural)
healfum (instrumental masculine plural)
healfum (feminine instrumental plural)
healfum (instrumental neuter plural)
healfa (masculine nominative singular)
healfe (feminine nominative singular)
healfe (neuter nominative singular)
healfan (accusative masculine singular)
healfan (accusative feminine singular)
healfe (accusative neuter singular)
healfan (genitive masculine singular)
healfan (feminine genitive singular)
healfan (genitive neuter singular)
healfan (dative masculine singular)
healfan (dative feminine singular)
healfan (dative neuter singular)
healfan (instrumental masculine singular)
healfan (feminine instrumental singular)
healfan (instrumental neuter singular)
healfan (masculine nominative plural)
healfan (feminine nominative plural)
healfan (neuter nominative plural)
healfan (accusative masculine plural)
healfan (accusative feminine plural)
healfan (accusative neuter plural)
healfra (genitive masculine plural)
healfena (genitive masculine plural)
healfra (feminine genitive plural)
healfena (feminine genitive plural)
healfra (genitive neuter plural)
healfena (genitive neuter plural)
healfum (dative masculine plural)
healfum (dative feminine plural)
healfum (dative neuter plural)
healfum (instrumental masculine plural)
healfum (feminine instrumental plural)
healfum (instrumental neuter plural)

From Proto-West Germanic *halb, from Proto-Germanic *halbaz.
Cognate with Old Frisian half, Old Saxon half, Old Dutch *half, Old High German halb, Old Norse halfr, Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐌻𐌱𐍃 (halbs).

c. 992, Ælfric, "Passion of the Same"
Sē cyning behēt þām apostole healf his rīċe.

The king promised the apostle half his kingdom.

c. 990, Wessex Gospels, Luke 19:8

I give half my property to the poor, and if I have defrauded anyone of anything, I give it back four times over.

Iċ selle þearfum healfe mīne ǣhta, and ġif iċ ǣniġne berēafode, ic hit be fēowerfealdum āġiefe.

late 9th century, translation of Bede's Ecclesiastical History
And þā æfter him Ēadrīċ ōðer healf ġēar þæt rīċe hæfde.

And then, after him, Eadric ruled the kingdom for a year and a half.

late 9th century, translation of Orosius' History Against the Pagans
Heora man āhēng fifte healf hund.

Four hundred and fifty of them were hanged (literally four and a half hundred).

translation of Orosius' History Against the Pagans
On his fēðeherġe wǣron twā and þrītiġ þūsend, and þæs ġehorsodan fifte healf þūsend, and sċipa ān hund and eahtatiġ.

There were thirty-two thousand men in his infantry, four and a half thousand in his cavalry, and one hundred and eighty ships in his navy.

late 10th century, Ælfric, On the Seasons of the Year
Nān reġn cōm ofer Eorðan fēorðan healfum ġēare.

No rain came over Earth for three and a half years.

The Worcester Chronicle, year 892

The boat that they traveled on was made of two and a half hides.

Sē bāt wæs ġeworht of þriddan healfre hīde þe hīe on fōron.


healf

Middle English: half
English: half (see there for further descendants)
Scots: hauf
Yola: halleef, halef, halluf

late 9th century, translation of Orosius' History Against the Pagans
And þā Crētense hæfdon þone grimlīcan siġe, and ealle þā æðelestan bearn þāra Athēniānsa hīe ġenāmon and sealdon þām Mīnōtaurō tō etenne, þæt wæs healf mann, healf lēo.

And the Cretans gained the cruel victory, and took all the noblest children of the Athenians and fed them to the Minotaur (a half man, half lion).


oþer

From Proto-West Germanic *anþar, from Proto-Germanic *anþeraz. Cognate with Old High German andar, Old Norse annarr.


oþer

ōþer (canonical)
ōþer (masculine nominative singular)
ōþru (feminine nominative singular)
ōþro (feminine nominative singular)
ōþer (neuter nominative singular)
ōþerne (accusative masculine singular)
ōþre (accusative feminine singular)
ōþer (accusative neuter singular)
ōþres (genitive masculine singular)
ōþerre (feminine genitive singular)
ōþres (genitive neuter singular)
ōþrum (dative masculine singular)
ōþerre (dative feminine singular)
ōþrum (dative neuter singular)
ōþre (instrumental masculine singular)
ōþerre (feminine instrumental singular)
ōþre (instrumental neuter singular)
ōþre (masculine nominative plural)
ōþra (feminine nominative plural)
ōþre (feminine nominative plural)
ōþru (neuter nominative plural)
ōþro (neuter nominative plural)
ōþre (accusative masculine plural)
ōþra (accusative feminine plural)
ōþre (accusative feminine plural)
ōþru (accusative neuter plural)
ōþro (accusative neuter plural)
ōþerra (genitive masculine plural)
ōþerra (feminine genitive plural)
ōþerra (genitive neuter plural)
ōþrum (dative masculine plural)
ōþrum (dative feminine plural)
ōþrum (dative neuter plural)
ōþrum (instrumental masculine plural)
ōþrum (feminine instrumental plural)
ōþrum (instrumental neuter plural)

Middle English: other
English: other
Yola: oother, other

late 9th century, translation of Bede's Ecclesiastical History
Hē hrædlīċe his sealmas ġeleornode and ēac fela ōðerra bōca.

He quickly learned his psalms and many other books too.

late 10th century, Ælfric, the Old English Hexateuch, Genesis 29:19

I'd rather give her to you than to someone else. Stay with me!

Lēofre mē is þæt iċ hīe selle þē þonne ōðrum menn. Wuna mid mē!

late 9th century, translation of Bede's Ecclesiastical History
Hēr endaþ sēo ōðer bōc. And hēr onġinþ sēo þridde.

Here ends the second book. And here begins the third.

Blickling Homilies, "The Third Sunday in Lent"
Eallum cristenum mannum is beboden þæt hīe ealne heora līchaman seofon sīðum ġebletsian mid Cristes rōde tācne: ǣrest on ǣrne morgen, ōðre sīðe on underntīd, þriddan sīðe on midne dæġ, fēorðan sīðe on nōntīd, fīftan sīðe on ǣfen, sixtan sīðe on niht ǣr hē reste, seofoþan sīðe on ūhtan.

All Christians are commanded to bless their entire body seven times with the sign of the cross: first early in the morning, the second time at nine o'clock, the third time at noon, the fourth time at three, the fifth time in the evening, the sixth time at night before one goes to sleep, the seventh time before dawn.

Blickling Homilies, "The Birth of John the Baptist"
Sē þe hæbbe twā tunecan, selle ōðre þām þe nānne næbbe.

If you have two tunics, give one to someone who has none.

c. 995, Ælfric, Extracts on Grammar in English
Is ēac tō witenne þæt naman bēoþ oft ōðres cynnes on Lǣden and ōðres cynnes on Englisċ.

Note also that nouns are often one gender in Latin and another in English.

late 9th century, Old English Martyrology
Sume ġēare him bærst miċel wund on ōðrum þēo, and hē stōd þurh eall þæt ġēar on ānum fēt.

One year a large wound burst open on one of his thighs, and he stood on one leg for the whole year.

late 9th century, translation of Orosius' History Against the Pagans
Æfter þām Philippus feaht on Thēbana rīċe and him wearþ þæt ōðer ēage mid āne flāne ūt āsċoten.

After that, Philip fought in Thebes and had one of his eyes shot out with an arrow.

late 9th century, Old English Martyrology
Sanctus Petrus hine onsende mid twām mæsseprēostum tō Gālwēala mæġðe. Þā forþfērde þāra mæsseprēosta ōðer on þām sīþfæte.

Saint Paul sent him with two priests out to Gaul. Then one of the priests died during the journey.

c. 1932, J. R. R. Tolkien, Old English version of the "Annals of Valinor"
Æfter þon þe Godēðel wearþ ġetimbred and Godaburg, ġesċōpon þā Godu þā Twēġen Bēamas, ōðerne of seolfre, ōðerne of golde ġeworhtne, þe heora blostma onlīehte Godēðel.

After the building of Valinor, and Valmar the city of the Gods, the Valar brought into being the Two Trees, one made of silver, the other of gold, whose bloom gave light unto Valinor.

c. 890, The Voyage of Ohthere and Wulfstan
Þā fōr hē swā feorr swā hē meahte on þām ōðrum þrim dagum ġesiġlan.

Then he traveled as far as he could sail in the next three days.

c. 992, Ælfric, "The Nativity of the Lord"
On þone ōðerne dæġ wæs Aarones ġierd ġemēttu grōwendu mid bōgum and blōwendu and berendu hnyte.

The next day, Aaron's rod was found growing branches, and blooming, and bearing nuts.


dwelian

dwelian (infinitive)
dwelienne (infinitive)
dweliġe (first-person present singular)
dwelode (first-person past singular)
dwelast (present second-person singular)
dwelodest (past second-person singular)
dwelaþ (present singular third-person)
dwelode (past singular third-person)
dweliaþ (plural present)
dwelodon (past plural)
dweliġe (present singular)
dwelode (past singular)
dweliġen (plural present)
dweloden (past plural)
dwela (imperative past present singular)
dweliaþ (imperative past plural present)
dweliende (imperative present)
dwelod (imperative past)
ġedwelod (imperative past)

Middle English: dwelen

Possibly from earlier strong *dwelan, from Proto-West Germanic *dwelan, from Proto-Germanic *dwelaną.


hopa

hopa (nominative singular)
hopan (nominative plural)
hopan (accusative singular)
hopan (accusative plural)
hopan (genitive singular)
hopena (genitive plural)
hopan (dative singular)
hopum (dative plural)

Middle English: hope, hoppe
English: hope
Yola: hopes (plural)


gripan

grīpan (canonical)
grīpan (infinitive)
grīpenne (infinitive)
grīpe (first-person present singular)
grāp (first-person past singular)
grīpst (present second-person singular)
gripe (past second-person singular)
grīpþ (present singular third-person)
grāp (past singular third-person)
grīpaþ (plural present)
gripon (past plural)
grīpe (present singular)
gripe (past singular)
grīpen (plural present)
gripen (past plural)
grīp (imperative past present singular)
grīpaþ (imperative past plural present)
grīpende (imperative present)
gripen (imperative past)
ġegripen (imperative past)

Middle English: gripen

Scots: gripe

English: gripe

From Proto-West Germanic *grīpan, from Proto-Germanic *grīpaną.