freo

frēo (canonical)
frēo (masculine nominative singular)
frēo (feminine nominative singular)
frēo (neuter nominative singular)
frēone (accusative masculine singular)
frēo (accusative feminine singular)
frēo (accusative neuter singular)
frēos (genitive masculine singular)
frēore (feminine genitive singular)
frēos (genitive neuter singular)
frēom (dative masculine singular)
frēoum (dative masculine singular)
frēore (dative feminine singular)
frēom (dative neuter singular)
frēoum (dative neuter singular)
frēo (instrumental masculine singular)
frēore (feminine instrumental singular)
frēo (instrumental neuter singular)
frēo (masculine nominative plural)
frēo (feminine nominative plural)
frēo (neuter nominative plural)
frēo (accusative masculine plural)
frēo (accusative feminine plural)
frēo (accusative neuter plural)
frēora (genitive masculine plural)
frēora (feminine genitive plural)
frēora (genitive neuter plural)
frēom (dative masculine plural)
frēoum (dative masculine plural)
frēom (dative feminine plural)
frēoum (dative feminine plural)
frēom (dative neuter plural)
frēoum (dative neuter plural)
frēom (instrumental masculine plural)
frēoum (instrumental masculine plural)
frēom (feminine instrumental plural)
frēoum (feminine instrumental plural)
frēom (instrumental neuter plural)
frēoum (instrumental neuter plural)
frēo (masculine nominative singular)
frēo (feminine nominative singular)
frēo (neuter nominative singular)
frēon (accusative masculine singular)
frēon (accusative feminine singular)
frēo (accusative neuter singular)
frēon (genitive masculine singular)
frēon (feminine genitive singular)
frēon (genitive neuter singular)
frēon (dative masculine singular)
frēon (dative feminine singular)
frēon (dative neuter singular)
frēon (instrumental masculine singular)
frēon (feminine instrumental singular)
frēon (instrumental neuter singular)
frēon (masculine nominative plural)
frēon (feminine nominative plural)
frēon (neuter nominative plural)
frēon (accusative masculine plural)
frēon (accusative feminine plural)
frēon (accusative neuter plural)
frēora (genitive masculine plural)
frēona (genitive masculine plural)
frēora (feminine genitive plural)
frēona (feminine genitive plural)
frēora (genitive neuter plural)
frēona (genitive neuter plural)
frēom (dative masculine plural)
frēoum (dative masculine plural)
frēom (dative feminine plural)
frēoum (dative feminine plural)
frēom (dative neuter plural)
frēoum (dative neuter plural)
frēom (instrumental masculine plural)
frēoum (instrumental masculine plural)
frēom (feminine instrumental plural)
frēoum (feminine instrumental plural)
frēom (instrumental neuter plural)
frēoum (instrumental neuter plural)

Middle English: fre, vri, vry

English: free

→ Fiji Hindi: firii

Scots: fre

From Proto-West Germanic *friu, a byform of *frī. The transmission of this word was complex. The Proto-Germanic form must have been *frijwaz. After loss of final *-az and syllabification of *-w, the resulting West-Germanic form was *friju, which developed further to *frīju after gemination and vocalization of *j between *i and another *j. The sequence *iju, *īju then contracts to *iu, yielding a final form *friu (cf. Proto-West Germanic *friund, from *frijōndz), which develops normally to Old English frīo, frēo. The oblique forms should however have retained *-j- in all instances in which it was not followed by *u, yielding an alternation between frīo and frīġ- throughout the paradigm. This alternation, though sparsely attested in the Old English corpus, was too irregular to have been maintained for long and was eventually levelled away in all dialects in favor either of the diphthongal nominative or the oblique forms in -ġ-. Note also that *w was deleted between *īj and any front vowel, thus explaining its absence in certain oblique forms such as frīġes, from earlier /ˈfriːj.wæs/. See Hogg 1992 sections 3.17, 3.19(3), 4.7, and 4.9(1) for details.

c. 890, Alfred the Great, Laws
Beo he freo

c. 700 Cædmon, Metrical Paraphrase
Ða wearþ worn afeded freora bearna

then a number of noble children were brought forth.


freo

frēo (canonical masculine)
frēo (nominative singular)
frēon (nominative plural)
frēon (accusative singular)
frēon (accusative plural)
frēon (genitive singular)
frēona (genitive plural)
frēon (dative singular)
frēom (dative plural)
frēoum (dative plural)


freo

Uncertain; possible etymologies include:
* From Proto-West Germanic *frauwjā, from Proto-Germanic *frawjǭ, a feminine form of *frawjô (“lord”) (Old English frēa), from Proto-Indo-European *proHwo-, a derivation from *per- (“to go forward”). Cognate with Old Saxon frūa, Old High German frouwa (German Frau), Old Norse freyja. The Indo-European root is also the source of Proto-Slavic *prāvъ (Old Church Slavonic правъ (pravŭ), Russian пра́вый (právyj, “right”)), and the first element of Latin provincia.
* From Proto-Germanic *frijō, of the same root as etymology 1 above and related to the verb that yielded Old English frēoġan (“to liberate; to love”).

noncog

oþ-ðæt hē funde frēo fæġroste


foster

fōster (canonical neuter)
fōster (nominative singular)
fōstru (nominative plural)
fōster (accusative singular)
fōstru (accusative plural)
fōstres (genitive singular)
fōstra (genitive plural)
fōstre (dative singular)
fōstrum (dative plural)


sala

Ultimately from Proto-Germanic *salō (“delivery”), from Proto-Indo-European *selh₁- (“to grab”).


helm

helm (nominative singular)
helmas (nominative plural)
helm (accusative singular)
helmas (accusative plural)
helmes (genitive singular)
helma (genitive plural)
helme (dative singular)
helmum (dative plural)

Middle English: helm

English: helm

From Proto-West Germanic *helm, from Proto-Germanic *helmaz (“helmet”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to cover, to hide”). Compare Old Frisian helm, Old Saxon helm, Old High German helm, Old Norse hjalmr, Gothic 𐌷𐌹𐌻𐌼𐍃 (hilms).


blase

blase (nominative singular)
blasan (nominative plural)
blasan (accusative singular)
blasan (accusative plural)
blasan (genitive singular)
blasena (genitive plural)
blasan (dative singular)
blasum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: blase, blese, blaese, blease (Early Middle English)
English: blaze
Scots: bleize, blase, blese, bleise, bleis, bleeze
Yola: blaze, bleaze, blease


rum

rūm (canonical)
rūm (masculine nominative singular)
rūm (feminine nominative singular)
rūm (neuter nominative singular)
rūmne (accusative masculine singular)
rūme (accusative feminine singular)
rūm (accusative neuter singular)
rūmes (genitive masculine singular)
rūmre (feminine genitive singular)
rūmes (genitive neuter singular)
rūmum (dative masculine singular)
rūmre (dative feminine singular)
rūmum (dative neuter singular)
rūme (instrumental masculine singular)
rūmre (feminine instrumental singular)
rūme (instrumental neuter singular)
rūme (masculine nominative plural)
rūma (feminine nominative plural)
rūme (feminine nominative plural)
rūm (neuter nominative plural)
rūme (accusative masculine plural)
rūma (accusative feminine plural)
rūme (accusative feminine plural)
rūm (accusative neuter plural)
rūmra (genitive masculine plural)
rūmra (feminine genitive plural)
rūmra (genitive neuter plural)
rūmum (dative masculine plural)
rūmum (dative feminine plural)
rūmum (dative neuter plural)
rūmum (instrumental masculine plural)
rūmum (feminine instrumental plural)
rūmum (instrumental neuter plural)
rūma (masculine nominative singular)
rūme (feminine nominative singular)
rūme (neuter nominative singular)
rūman (accusative masculine singular)
rūman (accusative feminine singular)
rūme (accusative neuter singular)
rūman (genitive masculine singular)
rūman (feminine genitive singular)
rūman (genitive neuter singular)
rūman (dative masculine singular)
rūman (dative feminine singular)
rūman (dative neuter singular)
rūman (instrumental masculine singular)
rūman (feminine instrumental singular)
rūman (instrumental neuter singular)
rūman (masculine nominative plural)
rūman (feminine nominative plural)
rūman (neuter nominative plural)
rūman (accusative masculine plural)
rūman (accusative feminine plural)
rūman (accusative neuter plural)
rūmra (genitive masculine plural)
rūmena (genitive masculine plural)
rūmra (feminine genitive plural)
rūmena (feminine genitive plural)
rūmra (genitive neuter plural)
rūmena (genitive neuter plural)
rūmum (dative masculine plural)
rūmum (dative feminine plural)
rūmum (dative neuter plural)
rūmum (instrumental masculine plural)
rūmum (feminine instrumental plural)
rūmum (instrumental neuter plural)

From Proto-West Germanic *rūm. Cognate with Old Saxon rūm, Dutch ruim, Old High German rūm, Old Norse rúmr, Gothic 𐍂𐌿𐌼𐍃 (rums).

liberal, extensive, ample, abundant, bountiful, expansive, generous


rum

rūm (canonical masculine neuter)
rūm (nominative singular)
rūm (nominative plural)
rūm (accusative singular)
rūm (accusative plural)
rūmes (genitive singular)
rūma (genitive plural)
rūme (dative singular)
rūmum (dative plural)
rūm (nominative singular)
rūmas (nominative plural)
rūm (accusative singular)
rūmas (accusative plural)
rūmes (genitive singular)
rūma (genitive plural)
rūme (dative singular)
rūmum (dative plural)

Middle English: roum, roume

English: room


afon

āfōn (canonical)
āfōn (infinitive)
āfōnne (infinitive)
āfō (first-person present singular)
āfēng (first-person past singular)
āfēhst (present second-person singular)
āfēnge (past second-person singular)
āfēhþ (present singular third-person)
āfēng (past singular third-person)
āfōþ (plural present)
āfēngon (past plural)
āfō (present singular)
āfēnge (past singular)
āfōn (plural present)
āfēngen (past plural)
āfōh (imperative past present singular)
āfōþ (imperative past plural present)
āfōnde (imperative present)
āfangen (imperative past)


sul

sūl (canonical feminine masculine)
sūl (nominative singular)
sūlas (nominative plural)
sūl (accusative singular)
sūlas (accusative plural)
sūles (genitive singular)
sūla (genitive plural)
sūle (dative singular)
sūlum (dative plural)
sūl (nominative singular)
sūla (nominative plural)
sūle (nominative plural)
sūle (accusative singular)
sūla (accusative plural)
sūle (accusative plural)
sūle (genitive singular)
sūla (genitive plural)
sūle (dative singular)
sūlum (dative plural)

Middle English: sul, sule, sull, soule

English: sowl

From Proto-West Germanic *sulh, from Proto-Germanic *sulhs (“plough”), from Proto-Indo-European *selk- (“to drag, to furrow”).


stream

strēam (canonical masculine)
strēam (nominative singular)
strēamas (nominative plural)
strēam (accusative singular)
strēamas (accusative plural)
strēames (genitive singular)
strēama (genitive plural)
strēame (dative singular)
strēamum (dative plural)

Middle English: strem, streem

English: stream

Scots: streme, streim

From Proto-West Germanic *straum.
Germanic cognates include Old Frisian strām, Old Saxon strōm, Old High German stroum, Old Norse straumr. Extra-Germanic cognates include Ancient Greek ῥεῦμα (rheûma), Polish strumień, Albanian rrymë (“flow, current”).


Cumberland

Cumberland (nominative singular)
Cumberland (accusative singular)
Cumberlandes (genitive singular)
Cumberlande (dative singular)

English: Cumberland

From Cumbric *Cumbri + land, from Proto-Brythonic *kömrüɣ, plural of *kömroɣ. Cognate with Welsh Cymru.


syringe

inflection of sȳring:
accusative/genitive/dative singular

inflection of sȳring:
nominative/accusative plural


canonic

canonic (nominative singular)
canonicas (nominative plural)
canonic (accusative singular)
canonicas (accusative plural)
canonices (genitive singular)
canonica (genitive plural)
canonice (dative singular)
canonicum (dative plural)


pistol

pistol (nominative singular)
pistolas (nominative plural)
pistol (accusative singular)
pistolas (accusative plural)
pistoles (genitive singular)
pistola (genitive plural)
pistole (dative singular)
pistolum (dative plural)

desc

Middle English: pistel, pistle, pistell, pystyll

English: pistle

Scots: pistil, pistill, pistle

From Late Latin epistola, epistula. Compare Middle Dutch pistele, pistel, Middle Low German pistele, Middle High German pistel.

(religion, Christianity) letter, epistle

(religion, Christianity, biblical) an epistle of the New Testament


flint

From Proto-West Germanic *flint, from Proto-Germanic *flintaz


ora

ōra (canonical masculine)
ōra (nominative singular)
ōran (nominative plural)
ōran (accusative singular)
ōran (accusative plural)
ōran (genitive singular)
ōrena (genitive plural)
ōran (dative singular)
ōrum (dative plural)

desctree

merged with <i class="Latn mention" lang="ang">ār</i>

Middle English: ore (merged with ār)
English: ore
Scots: ure, uir

→ English: ora (learned)

Uncertain; possibly from ār (“ore, brass, copper”) and influenced by Proto-West Germanic *ōrikalk (“copper ore, brass”) (whence Old High German ōrkalk), borrowed from Latin orichalcum (“copper ore, brass”). Perhaps compare Low German Ur, Uurt, Uhr, Urt (“compact, reddish, iron-bearing soil”), Early Modern Dutch oor, oore (“mine; lead ore; vein bearing lead and silver”).


hal

hāl (canonical)
hāl (masculine nominative singular)
hāl (feminine nominative singular)
hāl (neuter nominative singular)
hālne (accusative masculine singular)
hāle (accusative feminine singular)
hāl (accusative neuter singular)
hāles (genitive masculine singular)
hālre (feminine genitive singular)
hāles (genitive neuter singular)
hālum (dative masculine singular)
hālre (dative feminine singular)
hālum (dative neuter singular)
hāle (instrumental masculine singular)
hālre (feminine instrumental singular)
hāle (instrumental neuter singular)
hāle (masculine nominative plural)
hāla (feminine nominative plural)
hāle (feminine nominative plural)
hāl (neuter nominative plural)
hāle (accusative masculine plural)
hāla (accusative feminine plural)
hāle (accusative feminine plural)
hāl (accusative neuter plural)
hālra (genitive masculine plural)
hālra (feminine genitive plural)
hālra (genitive neuter plural)
hālum (dative masculine plural)
hālum (dative feminine plural)
hālum (dative neuter plural)
hālum (instrumental masculine plural)
hālum (feminine instrumental plural)
hālum (instrumental neuter plural)
hāla (masculine nominative singular)
hāle (feminine nominative singular)
hāle (neuter nominative singular)
hālan (accusative masculine singular)
hālan (accusative feminine singular)
hāle (accusative neuter singular)
hālan (genitive masculine singular)
hālan (feminine genitive singular)
hālan (genitive neuter singular)
hālan (dative masculine singular)
hālan (dative feminine singular)
hālan (dative neuter singular)
hālan (instrumental masculine singular)
hālan (feminine instrumental singular)
hālan (instrumental neuter singular)
hālan (masculine nominative plural)
hālan (feminine nominative plural)
hālan (neuter nominative plural)
hālan (accusative masculine plural)
hālan (accusative feminine plural)
hālan (accusative neuter plural)
hālra (genitive masculine plural)
hālena (genitive masculine plural)
hālra (feminine genitive plural)
hālena (feminine genitive plural)
hālra (genitive neuter plural)
hālena (genitive neuter plural)
hālum (dative masculine plural)
hālum (dative feminine plural)
hālum (dative neuter plural)
hālum (instrumental masculine plural)
hālum (feminine instrumental plural)
hālum (instrumental neuter plural)

desctree

Middle English: hole
English: whole
Scots: hole, holl
Yola: haoleghey

Northern Middle English: hal
Geordie English: hyel
Scots: hale

From Proto-West Germanic *hail, from Proto-Germanic *hailaz, from Proto-Indo-European *kéh₂ilos (“healthy, whole, intact, well-omened”).
Cognate with Old Frisian hēl (West Frisian hiel), Old Saxon hēl (Low German hel, heel, heil) Dutch heel, geheel (“healthy”), Old High German heil (German heil (“healthy”)), Old Norse heill (Danish and Swedish hel (“whole”)), Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌻𐍃 (hails), Vandalic eils. The Proto-Indo-European root is also the source of Old Church Slavonic целъ (celŭ) (Russian це́лый (célyj, “whole, healthy”)), Ancient Greek κοῖλυ (koîlu, “goodness, beauty”), Welsh coel (“sign”).

cog

Iosep axode hwæðer hira fæder wære hal.

Joseph asked whether their father was well.

late 9th century, King Alfred's translation of Saint Augustine's Soliloquies
Gyf þonne ǣfre gebyreð þæt þū þē ful hālne and ful trumne ongytst, and hæafst æalle þīne frēond myd þē, ǣġðer ge on mōde ge on līchaman, and on ðām ilcan worce and on ðām ylcan willum ðe ðē best lyst dōn, hweðer þū ðonne wille bēon āwiht blīðe?

If then it ever happen that thou shalt find thyself full whole and full strong, and hast all thy friends with thee, both in mind and in body, and in that same work and in that same will which pleaseth thee best to do, wilt thou then be happy at all?


mil

mīl (canonical feminine)
mīl (nominative singular)
mīla (nominative plural)
mīle (nominative plural)
mīle (accusative singular)
mīla (accusative plural)
mīle (accusative plural)
mīle (genitive singular)
mīla (genitive plural)
mīle (dative singular)
mīlum (dative plural)

Middle English: myle, mile

Scots: mile

English: mile

Borrowed from Latin mīlia, plural of the numeral mīlle.

late 9th century, translation of Orosius’ History Against the Pagans
Sardina is þrī and þrītti mīla lang, and twā and twentiġ mīla brād.

Sardinia is thirty-three miles long, and twenty-two miles wide.


doc

Uncertain. Perhaps from Proto-West Germanic *dōk (“cloth, rag”), with a change in meaning from "cloth, rag" to "something worthless". Compare similar semantic development in the verb dēċan (“to daub", also "to smear”).


brun

brūn (canonical)
brūn (masculine nominative singular)
brūn (feminine nominative singular)
brūn (neuter nominative singular)
brūnne (accusative masculine singular)
brūne (accusative feminine singular)
brūn (accusative neuter singular)
brūnes (genitive masculine singular)
brūnre (feminine genitive singular)
brūnes (genitive neuter singular)
brūnum (dative masculine singular)
brūnre (dative feminine singular)
brūnum (dative neuter singular)
brūne (instrumental masculine singular)
brūnre (feminine instrumental singular)
brūne (instrumental neuter singular)
brūne (masculine nominative plural)
brūna (feminine nominative plural)
brūne (feminine nominative plural)
brūn (neuter nominative plural)
brūne (accusative masculine plural)
brūna (accusative feminine plural)
brūne (accusative feminine plural)
brūn (accusative neuter plural)
brūnra (genitive masculine plural)
brūnra (feminine genitive plural)
brūnra (genitive neuter plural)
brūnum (dative masculine plural)
brūnum (dative feminine plural)
brūnum (dative neuter plural)
brūnum (instrumental masculine plural)
brūnum (feminine instrumental plural)
brūnum (instrumental neuter plural)
brūna (masculine nominative singular)
brūne (feminine nominative singular)
brūne (neuter nominative singular)
brūnan (accusative masculine singular)
brūnan (accusative feminine singular)
brūne (accusative neuter singular)
brūnan (genitive masculine singular)
brūnan (feminine genitive singular)
brūnan (genitive neuter singular)
brūnan (dative masculine singular)
brūnan (dative feminine singular)
brūnan (dative neuter singular)
brūnan (instrumental masculine singular)
brūnan (feminine instrumental singular)
brūnan (instrumental neuter singular)
brūnan (masculine nominative plural)
brūnan (feminine nominative plural)
brūnan (neuter nominative plural)
brūnan (accusative masculine plural)
brūnan (accusative feminine plural)
brūnan (accusative neuter plural)
brūnra (genitive masculine plural)
brūnena (genitive masculine plural)
brūnra (feminine genitive plural)
brūnena (feminine genitive plural)
brūnra (genitive neuter plural)
brūnena (genitive neuter plural)
brūnum (dative masculine plural)
brūnum (dative feminine plural)
brūnum (dative neuter plural)
brūnum (instrumental masculine plural)
brūnum (feminine instrumental plural)
brūnum (instrumental neuter plural)

desctree

Middle English: broun, broyn, brown, brun, bruyn
English: brown
Bislama: braon
Tok Pisin: braun
→ Welsh: brown
→ Tongan: palauni
Geordie English: broon
Scots: broon, broun


este

inflection of ēst:
dative/genitive singular

inflection of ēst:
accusative singular/plural


maga

maga (masculine nominative singular)
mage (feminine nominative singular)
mage (neuter nominative singular)
magan (accusative masculine singular)
magan (accusative feminine singular)
mage (accusative neuter singular)
magan (genitive masculine singular)
magan (feminine genitive singular)
magan (genitive neuter singular)
magan (dative masculine singular)
magan (dative feminine singular)
magan (dative neuter singular)
magan (instrumental masculine singular)
magan (feminine instrumental singular)
magan (instrumental neuter singular)
magan (masculine nominative plural)
magan (feminine nominative plural)
magan (neuter nominative plural)
magan (accusative masculine plural)
magan (accusative feminine plural)
magan (accusative neuter plural)
magra (genitive masculine plural)
magena (genitive masculine plural)
magra (feminine genitive plural)
magena (feminine genitive plural)
magra (genitive neuter plural)
magena (genitive neuter plural)
magum (dative masculine plural)
magum (dative feminine plural)
magum (dative neuter plural)
magum (instrumental masculine plural)
magum (feminine instrumental plural)
magum (instrumental neuter plural)


maga

maga (nominative singular)
magan (nominative plural)
magan (accusative singular)
magan (accusative plural)
magan (genitive singular)
magena (genitive plural)
magan (dative singular)
magum (dative plural)

Middle English: maȝe, maghe, mawe

English: maw

Scots: mawe, maw

From Proto-West Germanic *magō.
Cognates
Cognate with Old Frisian maga (West Frisian mage), Old Saxon mago (Low German mage), Middle Dutch maghe (Dutch maag), Old High German mago (German Magen), Old Norse magi (Swedish mage,
Norwegian mage, stomach). The Indo-European root is also the source of Proto-Celtic *makno- (Welsh megin (“bellows”)), Proto-Slavic *mošьnā (Old Church Slavonic мошьна (mošĭna), Russian мошна́ (mošná, “pocket, bag”)), Baltic *maka- (Lithuanian mãkas (“purse”)).


maga

māga (canonical masculine)
māga (nominative singular)
māgan (nominative plural)
māgan (accusative singular)
māgan (accusative plural)
māgan (genitive singular)
māgena (genitive plural)
māgan (dative singular)
māgum (dative plural)

i

merged with descendant of Old English <i class="Latn mention" lang="ang">mǣġ</i>

Middle English: maȝe, mæȝe, mæi, mei, mey (merged with descendant of Old English mǣġ)

English: may (“kinsman”) (obsolete)

From Proto-West Germanic *māg.
Cognates
Cognate with Old Frisian mēch (“relative, kinsman”), Old Saxon māg (“a relation”), Old High German māg (“relative, kinsman”), Old Norse mágr (“father-in-law”), Gothic 𐌼𐌴𐌲𐍃 (mēgs, “son-in-law”). More at may.

cog

"The Wife's Lament"
Ongunnon þæt þæs mannes māgas hyċġan þurh dierne ġeþōht þæt hīe tōdǣlden unc.

The person's relatives began to think of a secret plan to separate us.


maga

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.


maga

inflection of magu:
genitive/dative singular

inflection of magu:
nominative/acc/gen plural


tal

tāl (canonical feminine)
tāl (nominative singular)
tāla (nominative plural)
tāle (nominative plural)
tāle (accusative singular)
tāla (accusative plural)
tāle (accusative plural)
tāle (genitive singular)
tāla (genitive plural)
tāle (dative singular)
tālum (dative plural)

From Proto-West Germanic *tālu, from Proto-Germanic *tēlō (“deception, deceit, persecution”), from Proto-Indo-European *del- (“to take aim, calculate, damage, count”). Cognate with Latin dolus (“deception, strategem, trap”).

cog

evil-speaking, calumny, disparagement, slander


miss

miss (nominative singular)
miss (nominative plural)
miss (accusative singular)
miss (accusative plural)
misses (genitive singular)
missa (genitive plural)
misse (dative singular)
missum (dative plural)

Middle English: mis, mys, misse, mysse (merged with Old Norse missir, missa)

English: miss

Scots: mis, miss

From Proto-West Germanic *miss, from Proto-Germanic *miss- (“loss, want”), from Proto-Indo-European *meytH- (“to change, replace”). Cognate with Old Norse missir, missa (“loss”).


twin

twin (masculine nominative singular)
twin (feminine nominative singular)
twin (neuter nominative singular)
twinne (accusative masculine singular)
twinne (accusative feminine singular)
twin (accusative neuter singular)
twinnes (genitive masculine singular)
twinre (feminine genitive singular)
twinnes (genitive neuter singular)
twinnum (dative masculine singular)
twinre (dative feminine singular)
twinnum (dative neuter singular)
twinne (instrumental masculine singular)
twinre (feminine instrumental singular)
twinne (instrumental neuter singular)
twinne (masculine nominative plural)
twinna (feminine nominative plural)
twinne (feminine nominative plural)
twin (neuter nominative plural)
twinne (accusative masculine plural)
twinna (accusative feminine plural)
twinne (accusative feminine plural)
twin (accusative neuter plural)
twinra (genitive masculine plural)
twinra (feminine genitive plural)
twinra (genitive neuter plural)
twinnum (dative masculine plural)
twinnum (dative feminine plural)
twinnum (dative neuter plural)
twinnum (instrumental masculine plural)
twinnum (feminine instrumental plural)
twinnum (instrumental neuter plural)
twinna (masculine nominative singular)
twinne (feminine nominative singular)
twinne (neuter nominative singular)
twinnan (accusative masculine singular)
twinnan (accusative feminine singular)
twinne (accusative neuter singular)
twinnan (genitive masculine singular)
twinnan (feminine genitive singular)
twinnan (genitive neuter singular)
twinnan (dative masculine singular)
twinnan (dative feminine singular)
twinnan (dative neuter singular)
twinnan (instrumental masculine singular)
twinnan (feminine instrumental singular)
twinnan (instrumental neuter singular)
twinnan (masculine nominative plural)
twinnan (feminine nominative plural)
twinnan (neuter nominative plural)
twinnan (accusative masculine plural)
twinnan (accusative feminine plural)
twinnan (accusative neuter plural)
twinra (genitive masculine plural)
twinnena (genitive masculine plural)
twinra (feminine genitive plural)
twinnena (feminine genitive plural)
twinra (genitive neuter plural)
twinnena (genitive neuter plural)
twinnum (dative masculine plural)
twinnum (dative feminine plural)
twinnum (dative neuter plural)
twinnum (instrumental masculine plural)
twinnum (feminine instrumental plural)
twinnum (instrumental neuter plural)


lox

lox (nominative singular)
loxas (nominative plural)
lox (accusative singular)
loxas (accusative plural)
loxes (genitive singular)
loxa (genitive plural)
loxe (dative singular)
loxum (dative plural)

Middle English: lusk
English: los, loz

From Proto-West Germanic *luhs. Cognate with Old Saxon lohs, Old High German luhs, Old Swedish lō. See los.


ute

ang-adv

ūte (comparative ūtor, superlative ȳtemest)

ūte (canonical)
ūtor (comparative)
ȳtemest (superlative)

From Proto-West Germanic *ūtē, from Proto-Germanic *ūtai.

Iċ lēt þā wæsċe ūte drūgian.

Wē slēpon ūte under þām steorrum.

c. 900, translation of Bede's Ecclesiastical History
His līchama wæs ūte bebyrġed nēah ċirican.

His body was buried outside near a church.

c. 990, Wessex Gospels, Luke 13:25

When the master of the house goes in and shuts the door, and you stand outside and knock on the door, saying, "Lord, open to us," then he will say to you, "I don't know you, I don't know where you're from."

Þonne sē hīredes ealdor inn gǣþ and his duru beclȳst, and ġē standaþ þǣr ūte and þā duru cnociaþ, and cweðaþ, "Dryhten, ātȳn ūs," þonne cwiþ hē tō ēow, "Ne cann iċ ēow; nāt iċ hwanon ġē sind."

ūte on sǣ


melc

melc (masculine nominative singular)
melc (feminine nominative singular)
melc (neuter nominative singular)
melcne (accusative masculine singular)
melce (accusative feminine singular)
melc (accusative neuter singular)
melces (genitive masculine singular)
melcre (feminine genitive singular)
melces (genitive neuter singular)
melcum (dative masculine singular)
melcre (dative feminine singular)
melcum (dative neuter singular)
melce (instrumental masculine singular)
melcre (feminine instrumental singular)
melce (instrumental neuter singular)
melce (masculine nominative plural)
melca (feminine nominative plural)
melce (feminine nominative plural)
melc (neuter nominative plural)
melce (accusative masculine plural)
melca (accusative feminine plural)
melce (accusative feminine plural)
melc (accusative neuter plural)
melcra (genitive masculine plural)
melcra (feminine genitive plural)
melcra (genitive neuter plural)
melcum (dative masculine plural)
melcum (dative feminine plural)
melcum (dative neuter plural)
melcum (instrumental masculine plural)
melcum (feminine instrumental plural)
melcum (instrumental neuter plural)
melca (masculine nominative singular)
melce (feminine nominative singular)
melce (neuter nominative singular)
melcan (accusative masculine singular)
melcan (accusative feminine singular)
melce (accusative neuter singular)
melcan (genitive masculine singular)
melcan (feminine genitive singular)
melcan (genitive neuter singular)
melcan (dative masculine singular)
melcan (dative feminine singular)
melcan (dative neuter singular)
melcan (instrumental masculine singular)
melcan (feminine instrumental singular)
melcan (instrumental neuter singular)
melcan (masculine nominative plural)
melcan (feminine nominative plural)
melcan (neuter nominative plural)
melcan (accusative masculine plural)
melcan (accusative feminine plural)
melcan (accusative neuter plural)
melcra (genitive masculine plural)
melcena (genitive masculine plural)
melcra (feminine genitive plural)
melcena (feminine genitive plural)
melcra (genitive neuter plural)
melcena (genitive neuter plural)
melcum (dative masculine plural)
melcum (dative feminine plural)
melcum (dative neuter plural)
melcum (instrumental masculine plural)
melcum (feminine instrumental plural)
melcum (instrumental neuter plural)

Middle English: milch, melch (both ← *milċe)

English: milch

From Proto-Germanic *melkaz. As with melcan, the monophthong is inherited; the alternative form meolc has its diphthong leveled in from the noun.


hula

nominative/accusative/genitive plural of hulu


ides

ides (nominative singular)
idesa (nominative plural)
idese (nominative plural)
idese (accusative singular)
idesa (accusative plural)
idese (accusative plural)
idese (genitive singular)
idesa (genitive plural)
idese (dative singular)
idesum (dative plural)

From Proto-West Germanic *idisi, from Proto-Germanic *idisiz (“woman”), potentially from Proto-Indo-European *h₂idʰ-és- (“fire, flame, burning”). Cognate with Old Saxon idis and Old High German itis. According to Jacob Grimm it is also cognate with Old Norse dís ("goddess"), but this is heavily debated.


motan

mōtan (canonical)
mōtan (infinitive)
mōt (first-person present singular)
mōste (first-person past singular)
mōst (present second-person singular)
mōstest (past second-person singular)
mōt (present singular third-person)
mōste (past singular third-person)
mōton (plural present)
mōston (past plural)
mōte (present singular)
mōste (past singular)
mōten (plural present)
mōsten (past plural)

Middle English: moten

Scots: mote, mot, moit

English: mote

⇒ Old English: mōste (preterite)

Middle English: moste

Scots: moste, most, moist

English: must

From Proto-West Germanic *mōtan, from Proto-Germanic *mōtaną.
Cognate with Old Saxon mōtan, Old High German muozan (German müssen), Gothic 𐌲𐌰𐌼𐍉𐍄𐌰𐌽 (gamōtan).

late 9th century, translation of Orosius’ History Against the Pagans
Rōmāne hæfdon þā nīewlīċe ġesett þæt þā þe hætt beran mōston, þonne hīe hwelċ folc oferwunnen hæfdon, þæt þā mōston ǣġðer habban ġe feorh ġe frēodōm.

The Romans had recently passed a law that whenever they conquered a people, anyone who was allowed to wear a hat could keep both their life and their freedom.

late 9th century, translation of Orosius' History Against the Pagans
Be þām hringum man meahte witan hwæt Rōmāna duguþe ġefeallen wæs, for þon þe hit wæs þēaw mid him on þām dagum þæt nān ōðer ne mōste gyldenne hring werian būtan hē æðeles cynnes wǣre.

You could tell by the rings how much of the Roman nobility had fallen, because the custom back then was that no one could wear a gold ring unless they were from a noble family.

“Mīn fæder, mōt iċ þē āwihtes āscian?” Cwæþ hē, “Āsca þæs þe þū wille.”

late 9th century, translation of Bede's Ecclesiastical History:

“My father, can I ask you something?”
He said, “Ask whatever you want.”


on-

From Proto-West Germanic *an-, *ana-, from Proto-Germanic *an, *ana (“on”).

onhlinian

ondōn

forming verbs and adjectives from participles and nouns, with various senses of on, upon, to, there, thither

onlīehtan

onstellan, onstiellan

to establish, institute, install, originate

(inchoative) in, into; prefix used to intensify an action or to denote origin or initiation


on-

onbindan

onfealdan

onberan


smelting

smelting (nominative singular)
smeltinga (nominative plural)
smeltinge (nominative plural)
smeltinge (accusative singular)
smeltinga (accusative plural)
smeltinge (accusative plural)
smeltinge (genitive singular)
smeltinga (genitive plural)
smeltinge (dative singular)
smeltingum (dative plural)

Middle English: smulting

From Proto-West Germanic *smeltan + -ing. Compare Old High German smelzi, gismelzi (“fused mass, electrum, alloy”), Old Norse smeltr (“enamelled”).


flit

flit (nominative singular)
flitu (nominative plural)
flit (accusative singular)
flitu (accusative plural)
flites (genitive singular)
flita (genitive plural)
flite (dative singular)
flitum (dative plural)


ge-

Middle English: ȝe-, i-, y-

English: a-, y-, i- (obsolete)

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *ḱe-?
Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm
Proto-Germanic *ga-
Proto-West Germanic *ga-
Old English ge-
Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *ga-, from Proto-Germanic *ga-, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm. Cognate with Latin cum (“with”).

etymon

used as an intensifier for verbs, indicating completeness or perfection

forms nouns or adjectives of association or similarity; co-

forms nouns and verbs with the sense of "result" or "process"

past participles
past participle#English

forms past participles or participle adjectives from verbs


buc

būc (canonical masculine)
būc (nominative singular)
būcas (nominative plural)
būc (accusative singular)
būcas (accusative plural)
būces (genitive singular)
būca (genitive plural)
būce (dative singular)
būcum (dative plural)

Middle English: bouk

English: bouk

Scots: bouk, bowk

From Proto-West Germanic *būk, from Proto-Germanic *būkaz.

a vessel that bulges out, such as a bottle, jug, pitcher, etc.


buc

From Proto-West Germanic *bukk (“male deer”).


ridere

rīdere (canonical masculine)
rīdere (nominative singular)
rīderas (nominative plural)
rīdere (accusative singular)
rīderas (accusative plural)
rīderes (genitive singular)
rīdera (genitive plural)
rīdere (dative singular)
rīderum (dative plural)

Middle English: ryder

English: rider

From rīdan + -ere. Compare Old Norse riddari (“knight”) and German Reiter (“knight”).


tid

tīd (canonical feminine)
tīda (nominative plural)
tīde (nominative plural)
tīd (nominative singular)
tīde (nominative plural)
tīda (nominative plural)
tīd (accusative singular)
tīde (accusative singular)
tīde (accusative plural)
tīda (accusative plural)
tīde (genitive singular)
tīda (genitive plural)
tīde (dative singular)
tīdum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: tyde, tid, tide, tyd
English: tide
Scots: tide
Yola: enteete, enteeth, enteet
→ Scottish Gaelic: tìde

From Proto-Germanic *tīdiz, from Proto-Indo-European *dīti- (“time, period”), from *dī- (“time”).
Cognate with Old Frisian tīd, Old Saxon tīd, Old Dutch tīt, Old High German zīt, and Old Norse tíð; see also modern cognates at tide.

der

time as a defined period or span, particularly:

time as a defined period or span
a tide, a fourth of the day or night

time as a defined period or span
an hour, a twelfth of the day or night

time as a defined period or span
a season, a fourth of the year

(especially in the plural) an age, an era

time as a defined period or span
an age, an era

Wæs hit þā ān tīd tō ǣfenes.

It was then one hour before evening. (Alexander's Letter to Aristotle)

nōntīd

the hour, the moment determined by a sundial or other device marking the division between the tides or hours

(Christianity) the religious service held at a canonical hour, four of which were equivalent to the daylight tides

Eāstertīd

the season, the favorable or proper period for an action, especially with regard to farming or (Christianity) the holy seasons of the liturgical year

bedtīd

the time, the hour, the favorable, proper, or allotted moment for an action or event, the occasion when something can or ought to be done

a commemoration; an anniversary; a festival, especially a saint's day

(grammar) tense, the time indicated by the form of a verb


blinda

strong feminine nominative/accusative plural

inflection of blind:
weak masculine nominative singular


stor

stōr (canonical masculine)
stōr (nominative singular)
stōras (nominative plural)
stōr (accusative singular)
stōras (accusative plural)
stōres (genitive singular)
stōra (genitive plural)
stōre (dative singular)
stōrum (dative plural)


stor

stōr (canonical)
stōr (masculine nominative singular)
stōr (feminine nominative singular)
stōr (neuter nominative singular)
stōrne (accusative masculine singular)
stōre (accusative feminine singular)
stōr (accusative neuter singular)
stōres (genitive masculine singular)
stōrre (feminine genitive singular)
stōres (genitive neuter singular)
stōrum (dative masculine singular)
stōrre (dative feminine singular)
stōrum (dative neuter singular)
stōre (instrumental masculine singular)
stōrre (feminine instrumental singular)
stōre (instrumental neuter singular)
stōre (masculine nominative plural)
stōra (feminine nominative plural)
stōre (feminine nominative plural)
stōr (neuter nominative plural)
stōre (accusative masculine plural)
stōra (accusative feminine plural)
stōre (accusative feminine plural)
stōr (accusative neuter plural)
stōrra (genitive masculine plural)
stōrra (feminine genitive plural)
stōrra (genitive neuter plural)
stōrum (dative masculine plural)
stōrum (dative feminine plural)
stōrum (dative neuter plural)
stōrum (instrumental masculine plural)
stōrum (feminine instrumental plural)
stōrum (instrumental neuter plural)
stōra (masculine nominative singular)
stōre (feminine nominative singular)
stōre (neuter nominative singular)
stōran (accusative masculine singular)
stōran (accusative feminine singular)
stōre (accusative neuter singular)
stōran (genitive masculine singular)
stōran (feminine genitive singular)
stōran (genitive neuter singular)
stōran (dative masculine singular)
stōran (dative feminine singular)
stōran (dative neuter singular)
stōran (instrumental masculine singular)
stōran (feminine instrumental singular)
stōran (instrumental neuter singular)
stōran (masculine nominative plural)
stōran (feminine nominative plural)
stōran (neuter nominative plural)
stōran (accusative masculine plural)
stōran (accusative feminine plural)
stōran (accusative neuter plural)
stōrra (genitive masculine plural)
stōrena (genitive masculine plural)
stōrra (feminine genitive plural)
stōrena (feminine genitive plural)
stōrra (genitive neuter plural)
stōrena (genitive neuter plural)
stōrum (dative masculine plural)
stōrum (dative feminine plural)
stōrum (dative neuter plural)
stōrum (instrumental masculine plural)
stōrum (feminine instrumental plural)
stōrum (instrumental neuter plural)

Middle English: store, stoor, stour; (stur?)

desc

Scots: stour, stoure, sture, stoor, stoar

English: stoor, stour


-as

Middle English: -æs, -es, -s

English: -es, -s (see there for further descendants)

Scots: -is, -es, -s

Perhaps from the Proto-Germanic accusative plural ending *-anz, with regularly lost -n- before a fricative, or perhaps from the nominative plural *-ōs, a voiceless variety of the regular ending *-ōz, or a merger of both. Akin to Saterland Frisian -s, West Frisian -s, Old Saxon -os (Low German -s), Dutch -s, Swedish -ar.

hund (“dog”) + -as → hundas (“dogs”)

wulf (“wolf”) + -as → wulfas (“wolves”)

Plural ending of nominative and accusative cases, originally of a-stem masculine nouns, later extended to other nouns.


toc

first/third-person singular preterite indicative of tacan


borg

borg (nominative singular)
borgas (nominative plural)
borg (accusative singular)
borgas (accusative plural)
borges (genitive singular)
borga (genitive plural)
borge (dative singular)
borgum (dative plural)

Related to the verb borgian (“to borrow”), which see.


post

post (nominative singular)
postas (nominative plural)
post (accusative singular)
postas (accusative plural)
postes (genitive singular)
posta (genitive plural)
poste (dative singular)
postum (dative plural)

Middle English: post, poste

English: post

→ German: Post

Scots: post, poist

Borrowed from Latin postis (“post, pedestal”).


beag

bēag (canonical masculine)
bēag (nominative singular)
bēagas (nominative plural)
bēag (accusative singular)
bēagas (accusative plural)
bēages (genitive singular)
bēaga (genitive plural)
bēage (dative singular)
bēagum (dative plural)

desc

Middle English: beigh, beiȝ, bē, biȝ, by

English: bee

→ English: beag (learned)

From Proto-West Germanic *baug, from Proto-Germanic *baugaz, derived from *beuganą (“to bend”). Cognate with Old Frisian bāg, Old Saxon bōg, Old High German boug, and Old Norse baugr.

c. 897, King Alfred's translation of Pope Gregory's Pastoral Care
Sē þe ūs ġehǣlþ fram þām stiċe ūrra synna, hē ġeþafode þæt him man sette þyrnenne bēag on þæt hēafod.

The person who heals us from the stabs of our sins allowed a crown of thorns to be placed on his head.

Late 10th century, Ælfric, the Old English Hexateuch, Genesis 38:18

Judah asked, "What do you want to take as a pledge?" She said, "Your ring and your armlet and your staff that you have in your hand."

Þā cwæþ Iūdas, "Hwæt wilt þū tō underwedde niman?" Þā cwæþ hēo, "Þīnne hring and þīnne bēag and þīnne stæf þe þū on handa hæfst."

circular object worn on the body, especially one made of gold or silver: ring, armlet, crown, collar, torque


lamp

first/third-person singular present of limpan


mid

Middle English: mid

From Proto-West Germanic *midi. Compare Old Saxon mid, Old High German mit, Old Norse með.

late 10th century, Ælfric, the Old English Hexateuch, Genesis 29:19

I'd rather give her to you than to someone else. Stay with me!

Lēofre mē is þæt iċ hīe selle þē þonne ōðrum menn. Wuna mid mē!

c. 992, Ælfric, "THE ANNUNCIATION OF ST. MARY."
"God underfeng his cnapan Israhel." Mid þam naman syndon getacnode ealle ða þe Gode gehyrsumiað mid soðre eadmodnysse, þa he underfehð to his werode.

"God hath received his servant Israel." By that name are betokened all those who obey God with true humility, whom he receives into his company.

c. 992, Ælfric, "On the Holy Day of Pentecost"
Þa geleaffullan brohton heora feoh, and ledon hit æt ðæra apostola foton. Mid þam is geswutelod þæt cristene men ne sceolon heora hiht besettan on woroldlice gestreon, ac on Gode anum. Se gítsere ðe beset his hiht on his goldhord, he bið swa swa se apostol cwæð, "þam gelíc þe deofolgyld begæð."

The faithful brought their money, and laid it at the feet of the apostles. By this is manifested that christian men should not set their delight in worldly treasure, but in God alone. The covetous who sets his delight in his gold-hoard, is, as the apostle said, "like unto him who practiseth idolatry."

c. 992, Ælfric, "The Assumption of St. John the Apostle"
Mid þam ðe se apostol Iohannes stop into ðære byrig Ephesum, þa bær man him togeanes anre wydewan líc to byrigenne; hire nama wæs Drusiana.

As the apostle John was entering the city of Ephesus, there was borne towards him the corpse of a widow to be buried; her name was Drusiana.

late 10th century, Ælfric, "The Prayer of Moses (Mid-Lent)"
...ofer ða readan sæ siðodon mid fotum...

...they had journeyed on foot over the Red Sea,...


merge

merġe (canonical)
merġe (masculine nominative singular)
merġu (feminine nominative singular)
merġo (feminine nominative singular)
merġe (neuter nominative singular)
merġne (accusative masculine singular)
merġe (accusative feminine singular)
merġe (accusative neuter singular)
merġes (genitive masculine singular)
merġre (feminine genitive singular)
merġes (genitive neuter singular)
merġum (dative masculine singular)
merġre (dative feminine singular)
merġum (dative neuter singular)
merġe (instrumental masculine singular)
merġre (feminine instrumental singular)
merġe (instrumental neuter singular)
merġe (masculine nominative plural)
merġa (feminine nominative plural)
merġe (feminine nominative plural)
merġu (neuter nominative plural)
merġo (neuter nominative plural)
merġe (accusative masculine plural)
merġa (accusative feminine plural)
merġe (accusative feminine plural)
merġu (accusative neuter plural)
merġo (accusative neuter plural)
merġra (genitive masculine plural)
merġra (feminine genitive plural)
merġra (genitive neuter plural)
merġum (dative masculine plural)
merġum (dative feminine plural)
merġum (dative neuter plural)
merġum (instrumental masculine plural)
merġum (feminine instrumental plural)
merġum (instrumental neuter plural)
merġa (masculine nominative singular)
merġe (feminine nominative singular)
merġe (neuter nominative singular)
merġan (accusative masculine singular)
merġan (accusative feminine singular)
merġe (accusative neuter singular)
merġan (genitive masculine singular)
merġan (feminine genitive singular)
merġan (genitive neuter singular)
merġan (dative masculine singular)
merġan (dative feminine singular)
merġan (dative neuter singular)
merġan (instrumental masculine singular)
merġan (feminine instrumental singular)
merġan (instrumental neuter singular)
merġan (masculine nominative plural)
merġan (feminine nominative plural)
merġan (neuter nominative plural)
merġan (accusative masculine plural)
merġan (accusative feminine plural)
merġan (accusative neuter plural)
merġra (genitive masculine plural)
merġena (genitive masculine plural)
merġra (feminine genitive plural)
merġena (feminine genitive plural)
merġra (genitive neuter plural)
merġena (genitive neuter plural)
merġum (dative masculine plural)
merġum (dative feminine plural)
merġum (dative neuter plural)
merġum (instrumental masculine plural)
merġum (feminine instrumental plural)
merġum (instrumental neuter plural)


flog

first/third-person singular preterite indicative of flēan


-re

-re (nominative singular)
-ras (nominative plural)
-re (accusative singular)
-ras (accusative plural)
-res (genitive singular)
-ra (genitive plural)
-re (dative singular)
-rum (dative plural)

English: -er

From Proto-Germanic *-ārijaz, from Latin -ārius.

fugol (“fowl, bird”) + -re → fuglre (“fowler”)

(Late West Saxon) masculine agent suffix, originally applied only to nouns


melting

melting (nominative singular)
meltinge (accusative singular)
meltinge (genitive singular)
meltinge (dative singular)

Middle English: melting

English: melting


twi-

Middle English: twi-, twei-, twy-

English: twi-

Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *twi-, from Proto-Germanic *twi-, from Proto-Indo-European *dwi-.

inh+

twieċġe

twidǣlan

twibrowen

twirǣde


sur

sūr (canonical)
sūr (masculine nominative singular)
sūr (feminine nominative singular)
sūr (neuter nominative singular)
sūrne (accusative masculine singular)
sūre (accusative feminine singular)
sūr (accusative neuter singular)
sūres (genitive masculine singular)
sūrre (feminine genitive singular)
sūres (genitive neuter singular)
sūrum (dative masculine singular)
sūrre (dative feminine singular)
sūrum (dative neuter singular)
sūre (instrumental masculine singular)
sūrre (feminine instrumental singular)
sūre (instrumental neuter singular)
sūre (masculine nominative plural)
sūra (feminine nominative plural)
sūre (feminine nominative plural)
sūr (neuter nominative plural)
sūre (accusative masculine plural)
sūra (accusative feminine plural)
sūre (accusative feminine plural)
sūr (accusative neuter plural)
sūrra (genitive masculine plural)
sūrra (feminine genitive plural)
sūrra (genitive neuter plural)
sūrum (dative masculine plural)
sūrum (dative feminine plural)
sūrum (dative neuter plural)
sūrum (instrumental masculine plural)
sūrum (feminine instrumental plural)
sūrum (instrumental neuter plural)
sūra (masculine nominative singular)
sūre (feminine nominative singular)
sūre (neuter nominative singular)
sūran (accusative masculine singular)
sūran (accusative feminine singular)
sūre (accusative neuter singular)
sūran (genitive masculine singular)
sūran (feminine genitive singular)
sūran (genitive neuter singular)
sūran (dative masculine singular)
sūran (dative feminine singular)
sūran (dative neuter singular)
sūran (instrumental masculine singular)
sūran (feminine instrumental singular)
sūran (instrumental neuter singular)
sūran (masculine nominative plural)
sūran (feminine nominative plural)
sūran (neuter nominative plural)
sūran (accusative masculine plural)
sūran (accusative feminine plural)
sūran (accusative neuter plural)
sūrra (genitive masculine plural)
sūrena (genitive masculine plural)
sūrra (feminine genitive plural)
sūrena (feminine genitive plural)
sūrra (genitive neuter plural)
sūrena (genitive neuter plural)
sūrum (dative masculine plural)
sūrum (dative feminine plural)
sūrum (dative neuter plural)
sūrum (instrumental masculine plural)
sūrum (feminine instrumental plural)
sūrum (instrumental neuter plural)

Middle English: sur, sour

English: sour

Scots: sour, soor

From Proto-West Germanic *sūr. Cognate with Old Saxon sūr, Old High German sūr, Old Norse súrr.


flore

inflection of flōr:
accusative singular/plural

inflection of flōr:
genitive/dative singular


-wise

-wīse (canonical)
-wīse (nominative singular)
-wīsan (nominative plural)
-wīsan (accusative singular)
-wīsan (accusative plural)
-wīsan (genitive singular)
-wīsena (genitive plural)
-wīsan (dative singular)
-wīsum (dative plural)

From wīse (“manner, way, condition, direction”).

riht (“just, right”) + -wīse → rihtwīse (“righteousness, justice”)

cniht (“boy, youth”) + -wīse → cnihtwīse (“boyishness”)

cyne- (“public, nation, kindred”) + -wīse → cynewīse (“commonweath, state”)

lēoþ (“song, tune, poem”) + -wīse → lēoþwīse (“poetry, verse”)

bēag (“ring, hoop, circle”) + -wīse → bēagwīse (“sphere, circular form”)

(noun suffix) state of, manner of, condition; direction

mynster (“minister”) + -wīse → mynsterwīse (“monastic custom”)

fierd (“militia”) + -wīse → fierdwīse (“military style”)

hyse (“son, youth”) + -wīse → hysewīse (“like a young man”)

(adverbial suffix) in the manner or fashion of; in the direction of


mor

mōr (canonical masculine)
mōr (nominative singular)
mōras (nominative plural)
mōr (accusative singular)
mōras (accusative plural)
mōres (genitive singular)
mōra (genitive plural)
mōre (dative singular)
mōrum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: mor, more, moer
English: moor
Scots: muir
Yola: mor

From Proto-West Germanic *mōr. Cognate with Old Saxon mōr (Dutch moer), Middle Low German mōr (German Moor), Old High German muor, Old Norse mǫr.


-ful

-ful (masculine nominative singular)
-ful (feminine nominative singular)
-ful (neuter nominative singular)
-fulne (accusative masculine singular)
-fulle (accusative feminine singular)
-ful (accusative neuter singular)
-fulles (genitive masculine singular)
-fulre (feminine genitive singular)
-fulles (genitive neuter singular)
-fullum (dative masculine singular)
-fulre (dative feminine singular)
-fullum (dative neuter singular)
-fulle (instrumental masculine singular)
-fulre (feminine instrumental singular)
-fulle (instrumental neuter singular)
-fulle (masculine nominative plural)
-fulla (feminine nominative plural)
-fulle (feminine nominative plural)
-ful (neuter nominative plural)
-fulle (accusative masculine plural)
-fulla (accusative feminine plural)
-fulle (accusative feminine plural)
-ful (accusative neuter plural)
-fulra (genitive masculine plural)
-fulra (feminine genitive plural)
-fulra (genitive neuter plural)
-fullum (dative masculine plural)
-fullum (dative feminine plural)
-fullum (dative neuter plural)
-fullum (instrumental masculine plural)
-fullum (feminine instrumental plural)
-fullum (instrumental neuter plural)
-fulla (masculine nominative singular)
-fulle (feminine nominative singular)
-fulle (neuter nominative singular)
-fullan (accusative masculine singular)
-fullan (accusative feminine singular)
-fulle (accusative neuter singular)
-fullan (genitive masculine singular)
-fullan (feminine genitive singular)
-fullan (genitive neuter singular)
-fullan (dative masculine singular)
-fullan (dative feminine singular)
-fullan (dative neuter singular)
-fullan (instrumental masculine singular)
-fullan (feminine instrumental singular)
-fullan (instrumental neuter singular)
-fullan (masculine nominative plural)
-fullan (feminine nominative plural)
-fullan (neuter nominative plural)
-fullan (accusative masculine plural)
-fullan (accusative feminine plural)
-fullan (accusative neuter plural)
-fulra (genitive masculine plural)
-fullena (genitive masculine plural)
-fulra (feminine genitive plural)
-fullena (feminine genitive plural)
-fulra (genitive neuter plural)
-fullena (genitive neuter plural)
-fullum (dative masculine plural)
-fullum (dative feminine plural)
-fullum (dative neuter plural)
-fullum (instrumental masculine plural)
-fullum (feminine instrumental plural)
-fullum (instrumental neuter plural)

Middle English: -full, -ful

Scots: -fu

English: -ful

From Proto-Germanic *-fullaz (“-ful”), from Proto-Germanic *fullaz (“full”).


flora

inflection of flōr:
nominative/accusative plural

inflection of flōr:
genitive singular/plural


understanding

understanding (nominative singular)
understandinga (nominative plural)
understandinge (nominative plural)
understandinge (accusative singular)
understandinga (accusative plural)
understandinge (accusative plural)
understandinge (genitive singular)
understandinga (genitive plural)
understandinge (dative singular)
understandingum (dative plural)

desc

Middle English: understandinge, understondinge

English: understanding

Scots: understanding

From Proto-West Germanic *undarstandingu, equivalent to understandan + -ing.


Scott

Sċott (canonical masculine)
Sċott (nominative singular)
Sċottas (nominative plural)
Sċott (accusative singular)
Sċottas (accusative plural)
Sċottes (genitive singular)
Sċotta (genitive plural)
Sċotte (dative singular)
Sċottum (dative plural)

Middle English: Scot

English: Scot

From Latin Scōtī, or from the same source.


pyll

pyll (nominative singular)
pyllas (nominative plural)
pyll (accusative singular)
pyllas (accusative plural)
pylles (genitive singular)
pylla (genitive plural)
pylle (dative singular)
pyllum (dative plural)

English: pill

From Proto-Germanic *pullijaz (“small pool, ditch, creek”), diminutive of *pullaz (“pool, stream”),


stig

head

stīg f (nominative plural stīga or stīge)

stīg (canonical feminine)
stīga (nominative plural)
stīge (nominative plural)
stīg (nominative singular)
stīga (nominative plural)
stīge (nominative plural)
stīge (accusative singular)
stīga (accusative plural)
stīge (accusative plural)
stīge (genitive singular)
stīga (genitive plural)
stīge (dative singular)
stīgum (dative plural)

desc

Middle English: stiȝhe, styȝe, stighe, stieghe, stie, stye, sty

From Proto-West Germanic *stīgu, from Proto-Germanic *stīgō, from *stīganą (“climb”) ( > Old English stīgan). Cognate with Middle Dutch stige, Old High German stiga. A masculine Germanic variant *stīgaz is indicated by Old High German stic (German Steig), Old Norse stígr (Swedish stig).


stig

stiġ (canonical neuter)
stiġ (nominative singular)
stiġu (nominative plural)
stiġ (accusative singular)
stiġu (accusative plural)
stiġes (genitive singular)
stiġa (genitive plural)
stiġe (dative singular)
stiġum (dative plural)

Middle English: sty

English: sty

Scots: stie, stye, sty

From Proto-Germanic *stiją. Cognate with Old Norse stí (Danish sti).


Isaac

Borrowed from Latin Isaāc, from Ancient Greek Ἰσαάκ (Isaák), from Biblical Hebrew יצחק (Yiṣḥāq, literally “he laughs”).

der

Old English Heptateuch, Genesis 22:2

"Take your only-begotten son Isaac, whom you love, and quickly go to the land of Visionis, and sacrifice him there upon a mountain."

"Nim þīnne āncennedan sunu Īsaac, þe þū lufast, and far tō þām lande Visionis hraþe, and ġeoffra hine þǣr uppan ānre dūne."


belle

belle (nominative singular)
bellan (nominative plural)
bellan (accusative singular)
bellan (accusative plural)
bellan (genitive singular)
bellena (genitive plural)
bellan (dative singular)
bellum (dative plural)

Middle English: belle

Scots: bell

desctree

English: bell
→ Fiji Hindi: belo
→ Japanese: ベル (beru)
→ Korean: 벨 (bel)

From Proto-West Germanic *bellā, from Proto-Germanic *bellǭ.

bellan hringan

late 10th century, Ælfric, "St. Benedict, Abbot"
Se dēofol wearp ānne stān tō þǣre bellan þæt hēo eall tōsprang.

The Devil threw a rock at the bell so it broke into pieces.


forma

From Proto-Germanic *frumô. Cognate with Old Saxon formo and Gothic 𐍆𐍂𐌿𐌼𐌰 (fruma).


forma

forma (masculine nominative singular)
forme (feminine nominative singular)
forme (neuter nominative singular)
forman (accusative masculine singular)
forman (accusative feminine singular)
forme (accusative neuter singular)
forman (genitive masculine singular)
forman (feminine genitive singular)
forman (genitive neuter singular)
forman (dative masculine singular)
forman (dative feminine singular)
forman (dative neuter singular)
forman (instrumental masculine singular)
forman (feminine instrumental singular)
forman (instrumental neuter singular)
forman (masculine nominative plural)
forman (feminine nominative plural)
forman (neuter nominative plural)
forman (accusative masculine plural)
forman (accusative feminine plural)
forman (accusative neuter plural)
formra (genitive masculine plural)
formena (genitive masculine plural)
formra (feminine genitive plural)
formena (feminine genitive plural)
formra (genitive neuter plural)
formena (genitive neuter plural)
formum (dative masculine plural)
formum (dative feminine plural)
formum (dative neuter plural)
formum (instrumental masculine plural)
formum (feminine instrumental plural)
formum (instrumental neuter plural)

Middle English: frome, frume

late 9th century, translation of Orosius’ History Against the Pagans
⁊ hē [Pirrus] hæfde XX elpenda tō þǣm ġefeohte mid him, þe Rōmane ǣr na ne ne ġesawon: hē wæs sē forma mon þe hīe ǣrest on Italium brōhte.

And he [Pyrrhus] had twenty elephants with him in battle, which the Romans had never seen before; he was the first man to bring them to Italy.


stow

stōw (canonical feminine)
stōw (nominative singular)
stōwa (nominative plural)
stōwe (nominative plural)
stōwe (accusative singular)
stōwa (accusative plural)
stōwe (accusative plural)
stōwe (genitive singular)
stōwa (genitive plural)
stōwe (dative singular)
stōwum (dative plural)

Middle English: stowe, stow

Scots: stow

English: stow

From Proto-West Germanic *stōu, from Proto-Germanic *stōō (“a place, location, position”), from Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand, place, put”).

der

Ne sċoldest þū gān tō swā frēcenre stōwe.

You shouldn't have gone to such a dangerous place.

late 10th century, Ælfric, "Saint Maur, Abbot"
...and forġeaf sumne hām tō þǣre hālgan stōwe...

...and gave certain property to the holy place...

a place that is built; house, collection of houses, habitation, dwelling


grin

grin (nominative singular)
grinas (nominative plural)
grin (accusative singular)
grinas (accusative plural)
grines (genitive singular)
grina (genitive plural)
grine (dative singular)
grinum (dative plural)

English: grin


sind

From Proto-Germanic *sindi, third-person plural present indicative of *wesaną, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁sénti, third-person plural present indicative of *h₁ésti.


gal

ang-adj

gāl (comparative gālra, superlative gālost)

gāl (canonical)
gālra (comparative)
gālost (superlative)
gāl (masculine nominative singular)
gāl (feminine nominative singular)
gāl (neuter nominative singular)
gālne (accusative masculine singular)
gāle (accusative feminine singular)
gāl (accusative neuter singular)
gāles (genitive masculine singular)
gālre (feminine genitive singular)
gāles (genitive neuter singular)
gālum (dative masculine singular)
gālre (dative feminine singular)
gālum (dative neuter singular)
gāle (instrumental masculine singular)
gālre (feminine instrumental singular)
gāle (instrumental neuter singular)
gāle (masculine nominative plural)
gāla (feminine nominative plural)
gāle (feminine nominative plural)
gāl (neuter nominative plural)
gāle (accusative masculine plural)
gāla (accusative feminine plural)
gāle (accusative feminine plural)
gāl (accusative neuter plural)
gālra (genitive masculine plural)
gālra (feminine genitive plural)
gālra (genitive neuter plural)
gālum (dative masculine plural)
gālum (dative feminine plural)
gālum (dative neuter plural)
gālum (instrumental masculine plural)
gālum (feminine instrumental plural)
gālum (instrumental neuter plural)
gāla (masculine nominative singular)
gāle (feminine nominative singular)
gāle (neuter nominative singular)
gālan (accusative masculine singular)
gālan (accusative feminine singular)
gāle (accusative neuter singular)
gālan (genitive masculine singular)
gālan (feminine genitive singular)
gālan (genitive neuter singular)
gālan (dative masculine singular)
gālan (dative feminine singular)
gālan (dative neuter singular)
gālan (instrumental masculine singular)
gālan (feminine instrumental singular)
gālan (instrumental neuter singular)
gālan (masculine nominative plural)
gālan (feminine nominative plural)
gālan (neuter nominative plural)
gālan (accusative masculine plural)
gālan (accusative feminine plural)
gālan (accusative neuter plural)
gālra (genitive masculine plural)
gālena (genitive masculine plural)
gālra (feminine genitive plural)
gālena (feminine genitive plural)
gālra (genitive neuter plural)
gālena (genitive neuter plural)
gālum (dative masculine plural)
gālum (dative feminine plural)
gālum (dative neuter plural)
gālum (instrumental masculine plural)
gālum (feminine instrumental plural)
gālum (instrumental neuter plural)

Middle English: gal, gol

English: gole (dialectal)

From Proto-West Germanic *gail.
Cognate with Old Saxon gēl, Dutch geil (“salacious, lustful”), Old High German geil (German geil (“lustful”)), Old Norse geiligr (“beautiful”). The Indo-European root may also be the source of Lithuanian gailùs (“sharp, biting”), Russian зело́ (zeló, “very”).

And se Iouis wearð swa swyðe gal þæt he on his agenre swyster gewifode.

And Jove became so depraved that he married his own sister.


-ast

lufian (“to love”) + -ast → lufast (“you/thou love”)

Used to form the second person singular present indicative of class II weak verbs


amore

amore (nominative singular)
amoran (nominative plural)
amoran (accusative singular)
amoran (accusative plural)
amoran (genitive singular)
amorena (genitive plural)
amoran (dative singular)
amorum (dative plural)

Middle English: *amere, *amre, *ambre

English: ammer

desc

⇒ Middle English: *yelwamre, *yelambre, *yelwambre

⇒ English: yelambre, yelamber, yellowhammer


boga

boga (nominative singular)
bogan (nominative plural)
bogan (accusative singular)
bogan (accusative plural)
bogan (genitive singular)
bogena (genitive plural)
bogan (dative singular)
bogum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: bowe, boue, boghe, boȝe
English: bow
Scots: bow
→ Middle Welsh: bwa
Welsh: bwa

→ Welsh: bwa

From Proto-West Germanic *bogō.
Related to Old Frisian boga, Old Saxon bogo, Old Dutch *bogo, Old High German bogo, and Old Norse bogi.

hīe lēton gāras flēogan, bogan wǣron bisiġe

they let arrows fly, bows were busy. (Battle of Maldon)


tinn

tinn (nominative singular)
tinna (nominative plural)
tinne (nominative plural)
tinne (accusative singular)
tinna (accusative plural)
tinne (accusative plural)
tinne (genitive singular)
tinna (genitive plural)
tinne (dative singular)
tinnum (dative plural)

From Proto-West Germanic *tinnu, from Proto-Germanic *tinnō, from earlier *tindnō, *tindnijō. Cognate with Old High German zinna (“pinnacle, merlon”).


wad

wād (canonical neuter)
wād (nominative singular)
wād (nominative plural)
wād (accusative singular)
wād (accusative plural)
wādes (genitive singular)
wāda (genitive plural)
wāde (dative singular)
wādum (dative plural)

Middle English: wad, wod, wadde, wode

Scots: wad, waid

English: woad

Middle English: welde, wolde

English: weld, wold

From Proto-West Germanic *waiʀd, from Proto-Germanic *waizdaz.


wilt

second-person singular present indicative of willan


-ness

-ness (nominative singular)
-nessa (nominative plural)
-nesse (nominative plural)
-nesse (accusative singular)
-nessa (accusative plural)
-nesse (accusative plural)
-nesse (genitive singular)
-nessa (genitive plural)
-nesse (dative singular)
-nessum (dative plural)


-e

From West Germanic *-ā, from Proto-Germanic *-ê, which survives otherwise only in Gothic (and possibly Old Norse).

beorht (“bright, clear”) + -e → beorhte (“brightly, clearly”)


-e

-e (masculine nominative singular)
-u (feminine nominative singular)
-o (feminine nominative singular)
-e (neuter nominative singular)
-ne (accusative masculine singular)
-e (accusative feminine singular)
-e (accusative neuter singular)
-es (genitive masculine singular)
-re (feminine genitive singular)
-es (genitive neuter singular)
-um (dative masculine singular)
-re (dative feminine singular)
-um (dative neuter singular)
-e (instrumental masculine singular)
-re (feminine instrumental singular)
-e (instrumental neuter singular)
-e (masculine nominative plural)
-a (feminine nominative plural)
-e (feminine nominative plural)
-u (neuter nominative plural)
-o (neuter nominative plural)
-e (accusative masculine plural)
-a (accusative feminine plural)
-e (accusative feminine plural)
-u (accusative neuter plural)
-o (accusative neuter plural)
-ra (genitive masculine plural)
-ra (feminine genitive plural)
-ra (genitive neuter plural)
-um (dative masculine plural)
-um (dative feminine plural)
-um (dative neuter plural)
-um (instrumental masculine plural)
-um (feminine instrumental plural)
-um (instrumental neuter plural)
-a (masculine nominative singular)
-e (feminine nominative singular)
-e (neuter nominative singular)
-an (accusative masculine singular)
-an (accusative feminine singular)
-e (accusative neuter singular)
-an (genitive masculine singular)
-an (feminine genitive singular)
-an (genitive neuter singular)
-an (dative masculine singular)
-an (dative feminine singular)
-an (dative neuter singular)
-an (instrumental masculine singular)
-an (feminine instrumental singular)
-an (instrumental neuter singular)
-an (masculine nominative plural)
-an (feminine nominative plural)
-an (neuter nominative plural)
-an (accusative masculine plural)
-an (accusative feminine plural)
-an (accusative neuter plural)
-ra (genitive masculine plural)
-ena (genitive masculine plural)
-ra (feminine genitive plural)
-ena (feminine genitive plural)
-ra (genitive neuter plural)
-ena (genitive neuter plural)
-um (dative masculine plural)
-um (dative feminine plural)
-um (dative neuter plural)
-um (instrumental masculine plural)
-um (feminine instrumental plural)
-um (instrumental neuter plural)

From Proto-West Germanic *-ī. Beyond that, generally from Proto-Germanic *-ijaz. Note though that -wintre is from Proto-Germanic *-wintruz, since Proto-Germanic u-stem adjectives became ja-stems in West Germanic. Other suffixes derived from u-stem nouns, such as -flēre, might also have been zero derivations in Proto-Germanic.

ān (“one”) + willa (“will”) + -e → ānwille (“stubborn”)

fela (“many”) + word (“word”) + -e → felawyrde (“long-winded”)

fīf (“five”) + flōr (“floor”) + -e → fīfflēre (“five-story”)

fiþer- (“four”) + sċēat (“corner”) + -e → fiþersċīete (“square”)

forþ (“forward”) + gang (“going”) + -e → forþgenġe (“progressive”)

īdel (“empty”) + hand (“hand”) + -e → īdelhende (“empty-handed”)

lang (“long”) + līf (“life”) + -e → langlīfe (“long-lived”)

ofer- (“over-”) + ǣt (“eating”) + -e → oferǣte (“gluttonous”)

or- (“out of”) + blōd (“blood”) + -e → orblēde (“bled out”)

sċeolh (“crooked”) + ēage (“eye”) + -e → sċeolhīeġe (“crosseyed”)

sīd (“hanging down”) + feax (“hair on the head”) + -e → sīdfiexe (“long-haired”)

twelf (“twelve”) + winter (“year”) + -e → twelfwintre (“twelve years old”)

twi- (“two”) + eċġ (“edge”) + -e → twieċġe (“double-edged”)

twi- (“two”) + fōt (“foot”) + -e → twifēte (“bipedal”)

un- (“un-”) + ċēap (“cost”) + -e → unċīepe (“free”)

forms adjectival suffixes from nouns, often with the meaning "having" (typically causes i-umlaut)


-e

Likely borrowed from the subjunctive singular Proto-West Germanic *-ē after high vowel apocope resulted in the loss of inherited Proto-West Germanic *-u in heavy stem verbs, and then analogically extended to light stem verbs.

drīfan (“to drive”) + -e → drīfe (“I drive”)

fremman (“to perform”) + -e → fremme (“I perform”)

Used to form the first person singular present indicative of strong verbs and class I weak verbs


-e

talu (“tale”) + -e → tale (“tale, tales”)

Marks the accusative, genitive, and dative singular and the nominative and accusative plural of ō-stem feminine nouns


elm

elm (nominative singular)
elmas (nominative plural)
elm (accusative singular)
elmas (accusative plural)
elmes (genitive singular)
elma (genitive plural)
elme (dative singular)
elmum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: elm, alme, elme, helm, ulme
English: elm (dialectal ellum)
Scots: elm

From Proto-West Germanic *elm, from Proto-Germanic *elmaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁élem (“mountain elm”).


wer

wer (nominative singular)
weras (nominative plural)
wer (accusative singular)
weras (accusative plural)
weres (genitive singular)
wera (genitive plural)
were (dative singular)
werum (dative plural)

Middle English: wer
English: wer, were

From Proto-West Germanic *wer, from Proto-Germanic *weraz.
Germanic cognates include Old Frisian, Old Saxon, Old High German wer, Old Norse verr, Gothic 𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂 (wair). The Indo-European root is also the source of Latin vir, Sanskrit वीर (vīrà), Old Irish fer, Lithuanian výras.

forþon ne mæġ wearþan wīs · wer, ǣr hē āge
wintra dǣl in woruldrīċe. · Wita sċeal ġeþyldiġ.

thus a man cannot become wise, before he would own
a part of years in world-kingdom. A wise man must be patient.

c. 995, Ælfric, Extracts on Grammar in English
Ǣġþer is mann ġe wer ġe wīf.

werrēaf

werþēod


wer

Middle English: were

English: weir


pinn

pinn (nominative singular)
pinnas (nominative plural)
pinn (accusative singular)
pinnas (accusative plural)
pinnes (genitive singular)
pinna (genitive plural)
pinne (dative singular)
pinnum (dative plural)
pinn (nominative singular)
pinnas (nominative plural)
pinn (accusative singular)
pinnas (accusative plural)
pinnes (genitive singular)
pinna (genitive plural)
pinne (dative singular)
pinnum (dative plural)

Middle English: pinne, pin

English: pin

Scots: pinne, pin

From Proto-West Germanic *pinn, *pint, from Proto-Germanic *pinniz, *pinnaz, *pintiz, from Proto-Indo-European *bendn-, *bend- (“to protrude, jut out; peak”).
Cognate with Old Saxon pinn, pin (“pin; peg”), Old High German pfin, phin (“peg, pin, nail”), Middle Low German pinne (“small, long, pointed object”) (whence also late Old Norse pinni).


stunt

stunt (masculine nominative singular)
stunt (feminine nominative singular)
stunt (neuter nominative singular)
stuntne (accusative masculine singular)
stunte (accusative feminine singular)
stunt (accusative neuter singular)
stuntes (genitive masculine singular)
stuntre (feminine genitive singular)
stuntes (genitive neuter singular)
stuntum (dative masculine singular)
stuntre (dative feminine singular)
stuntum (dative neuter singular)
stunte (instrumental masculine singular)
stuntre (feminine instrumental singular)
stunte (instrumental neuter singular)
stunte (masculine nominative plural)
stunta (feminine nominative plural)
stunte (feminine nominative plural)
stunt (neuter nominative plural)
stunte (accusative masculine plural)
stunta (accusative feminine plural)
stunte (accusative feminine plural)
stunt (accusative neuter plural)
stuntra (genitive masculine plural)
stuntra (feminine genitive plural)
stuntra (genitive neuter plural)
stuntum (dative masculine plural)
stuntum (dative feminine plural)
stuntum (dative neuter plural)
stuntum (instrumental masculine plural)
stuntum (feminine instrumental plural)
stuntum (instrumental neuter plural)
stunta (masculine nominative singular)
stunte (feminine nominative singular)
stunte (neuter nominative singular)
stuntan (accusative masculine singular)
stuntan (accusative feminine singular)
stunte (accusative neuter singular)
stuntan (genitive masculine singular)
stuntan (feminine genitive singular)
stuntan (genitive neuter singular)
stuntan (dative masculine singular)
stuntan (dative feminine singular)
stuntan (dative neuter singular)
stuntan (instrumental masculine singular)
stuntan (feminine instrumental singular)
stuntan (instrumental neuter singular)
stuntan (masculine nominative plural)
stuntan (feminine nominative plural)
stuntan (neuter nominative plural)
stuntan (accusative masculine plural)
stuntan (accusative feminine plural)
stuntan (accusative neuter plural)
stuntra (genitive masculine plural)
stuntena (genitive masculine plural)
stuntra (feminine genitive plural)
stuntena (feminine genitive plural)
stuntra (genitive neuter plural)
stuntena (genitive neuter plural)
stuntum (dative masculine plural)
stuntum (dative feminine plural)
stuntum (dative neuter plural)
stuntum (instrumental masculine plural)
stuntum (feminine instrumental plural)
stuntum (instrumental neuter plural)

Middle English: stunt, stont

English: stunt

From Proto-Germanic *stuntaz (“short, stunted; stupid”).


rinc

rinc (nominative singular)
rincas (nominative plural)
rinc (accusative singular)
rincas (accusative plural)
rinces (genitive singular)
rinca (genitive plural)
rince (dative singular)
rincum (dative plural)

English: rink

From Proto-Germanic *rinkiz (“upright man”), from Proto-Germanic *rinkaz (“straight, upright”). Cognate with Old Saxon rink, Old Norse rekkr.

der

The Old English rune poem
ᚱ byþ on recȳde rinca ġehwylċum / sēfte...

Journey is easy for warriors in the hall...


carr

carr (nominative singular)
carras (nominative plural)
carr (accusative singular)
carras (accusative plural)
carres (genitive singular)
carra (genitive plural)
carre (dative singular)
carrum (dative plural)

Middle English: *carr

English: carr (dialectal)

From Celtic, perhaps from Old Welsh carrecc, from Proto-Brythonic *karreg, from Proto-Celtic *karrikā, from Proto-Indo-European *kh₂er- (“hard”).


bige

biġe (canonical masculine)
biġe (nominative singular)
biġas (nominative plural)
biġe (accusative singular)
biġas (accusative plural)
biġes (genitive singular)
biġa (genitive plural)
biġe (dative singular)
biġum (dative plural)


regnig

reġniġ (canonical)
reġniġ (masculine nominative singular)
reġniġu (feminine nominative singular)
reġnġu (feminine nominative singular)
reġniġo (feminine nominative singular)
reġnġo (feminine nominative singular)
reġniġ (neuter nominative singular)
reġniġne (accusative masculine singular)
reġniġe (accusative feminine singular)
reġnġe (accusative feminine singular)
reġniġ (accusative neuter singular)
reġniġes (genitive masculine singular)
reġnġes (genitive masculine singular)
reġniġre (feminine genitive singular)
reġniġes (genitive neuter singular)
reġnġes (genitive neuter singular)
reġniġum (dative masculine singular)
reġnġum (dative masculine singular)
reġniġre (dative feminine singular)
reġniġum (dative neuter singular)
reġnġum (dative neuter singular)
reġniġe (instrumental masculine singular)
reġnġe (instrumental masculine singular)
reġniġre (feminine instrumental singular)
reġniġe (instrumental neuter singular)
reġnġe (instrumental neuter singular)
reġniġe (masculine nominative plural)
reġnġe (masculine nominative plural)
reġniġa (feminine nominative plural)
reġnġa (feminine nominative plural)
reġniġe (feminine nominative plural)
reġnġe (feminine nominative plural)
reġniġu (neuter nominative plural)
reġnġu (neuter nominative plural)
reġniġo (neuter nominative plural)
reġnġo (neuter nominative plural)
reġniġe (accusative masculine plural)
reġnġe (accusative masculine plural)
reġniġa (accusative feminine plural)
reġnġa (accusative feminine plural)
reġniġe (accusative feminine plural)
reġnġe (accusative feminine plural)
reġniġu (accusative neuter plural)
reġnġu (accusative neuter plural)
reġniġo (accusative neuter plural)
reġnġo (accusative neuter plural)
reġniġra (genitive masculine plural)
reġniġra (feminine genitive plural)
reġniġra (genitive neuter plural)
reġniġum (dative masculine plural)
reġnġum (dative masculine plural)
reġniġum (dative feminine plural)
reġnġum (dative feminine plural)
reġniġum (dative neuter plural)
reġnġum (dative neuter plural)
reġniġum (instrumental masculine plural)
reġnġum (instrumental masculine plural)
reġniġum (feminine instrumental plural)
reġnġum (feminine instrumental plural)
reġniġum (instrumental neuter plural)
reġnġum (instrumental neuter plural)
reġniġa (masculine nominative singular)
reġnġa (masculine nominative singular)
reġniġe (feminine nominative singular)
reġnġe (feminine nominative singular)
reġniġe (neuter nominative singular)
reġnġe (neuter nominative singular)
reġniġan (accusative masculine singular)
reġnġan (accusative masculine singular)
reġniġan (accusative feminine singular)
reġnġan (accusative feminine singular)
reġniġe (accusative neuter singular)
reġnġe (accusative neuter singular)
reġniġan (genitive masculine singular)
reġnġan (genitive masculine singular)
reġniġan (feminine genitive singular)
reġnġan (feminine genitive singular)
reġniġan (genitive neuter singular)
reġnġan (genitive neuter singular)
reġniġan (dative masculine singular)
reġnġan (dative masculine singular)
reġniġan (dative feminine singular)
reġnġan (dative feminine singular)
reġniġan (dative neuter singular)
reġnġan (dative neuter singular)
reġniġan (instrumental masculine singular)
reġnġan (instrumental masculine singular)
reġniġan (feminine instrumental singular)
reġnġan (feminine instrumental singular)
reġniġan (instrumental neuter singular)
reġnġan (instrumental neuter singular)
reġniġan (masculine nominative plural)
reġnġan (masculine nominative plural)
reġniġan (feminine nominative plural)
reġnġan (feminine nominative plural)
reġniġan (neuter nominative plural)
reġnġan (neuter nominative plural)
reġniġan (accusative masculine plural)
reġnġan (accusative masculine plural)
reġniġan (accusative feminine plural)
reġnġan (accusative feminine plural)
reġniġan (accusative neuter plural)
reġnġan (accusative neuter plural)
reġniġra (genitive masculine plural)
reġniġena (genitive masculine plural)
reġnġena (genitive masculine plural)
reġniġra (feminine genitive plural)
reġniġena (feminine genitive plural)
reġnġena (feminine genitive plural)
reġniġra (genitive neuter plural)
reġniġena (genitive neuter plural)
reġnġena (genitive neuter plural)
reġniġum (dative masculine plural)
reġnġum (dative masculine plural)
reġniġum (dative feminine plural)
reġnġum (dative feminine plural)
reġniġum (dative neuter plural)
reġnġum (dative neuter plural)
reġniġum (instrumental masculine plural)
reġnġum (instrumental masculine plural)
reġniġum (feminine instrumental plural)
reġnġum (feminine instrumental plural)
reġniġum (instrumental neuter plural)
reġnġum (instrumental neuter plural)

desctree

Middle English: reyny, rayne, raynee, rayny, reiny, reyni
English: rainy
Scots: rainy

From Proto-West Germanic *regnag, *rignīg, from Proto-Germanic *regnagaz. Equivalent to reġn + -iġ.


bolster

bolster (nominative singular)
bolstras (nominative plural)
bolster (accusative singular)
bolstras (accusative plural)
bolstres (genitive singular)
bolstra (genitive plural)
bolstre (dative singular)
bolstrum (dative plural)

Middle English: bolster, bolstre, bolstere, bowstur
English: bolster
Scots: bowster, bouster, boster

Tō slāpenne iċ þearf simle hūru twēġa bolstra.

I always need at least two pillows to sleep.


wann

wann (masculine nominative singular)
wann (feminine nominative singular)
wann (neuter nominative singular)
wanne (accusative masculine singular)
wanne (accusative feminine singular)
wann (accusative neuter singular)
wannes (genitive masculine singular)
wanre (feminine genitive singular)
wannes (genitive neuter singular)
wannum (dative masculine singular)
wanre (dative feminine singular)
wannum (dative neuter singular)
wanne (instrumental masculine singular)
wanre (feminine instrumental singular)
wanne (instrumental neuter singular)
wanne (masculine nominative plural)
wanna (feminine nominative plural)
wanne (feminine nominative plural)
wann (neuter nominative plural)
wanne (accusative masculine plural)
wanna (accusative feminine plural)
wanne (accusative feminine plural)
wann (accusative neuter plural)
wanra (genitive masculine plural)
wanra (feminine genitive plural)
wanra (genitive neuter plural)
wannum (dative masculine plural)
wannum (dative feminine plural)
wannum (dative neuter plural)
wannum (instrumental masculine plural)
wannum (feminine instrumental plural)
wannum (instrumental neuter plural)
wanna (masculine nominative singular)
wanne (feminine nominative singular)
wanne (neuter nominative singular)
wannan (accusative masculine singular)
wannan (accusative feminine singular)
wanne (accusative neuter singular)
wannan (genitive masculine singular)
wannan (feminine genitive singular)
wannan (genitive neuter singular)
wannan (dative masculine singular)
wannan (dative feminine singular)
wannan (dative neuter singular)
wannan (instrumental masculine singular)
wannan (feminine instrumental singular)
wannan (instrumental neuter singular)
wannan (masculine nominative plural)
wannan (feminine nominative plural)
wannan (neuter nominative plural)
wannan (accusative masculine plural)
wannan (accusative feminine plural)
wannan (accusative neuter plural)
wanra (genitive masculine plural)
wannena (genitive masculine plural)
wanra (feminine genitive plural)
wannena (feminine genitive plural)
wanra (genitive neuter plural)
wannena (genitive neuter plural)
wannum (dative masculine plural)
wannum (dative feminine plural)
wannum (dative neuter plural)
wannum (instrumental masculine plural)
wannum (feminine instrumental plural)
wannum (instrumental neuter plural)

Middle English: wan, wane, wanne, won, wonne, wone
English: wan
Scots: wan

From Proto-West Germanic *wann (“dark”), of uncertain origin, possibly related to Proto-Germanic *wanōną (“to lessen”). Cognate with Old Frisian wann, wonn (“dark”).

Beowulf, ll. 702-3

The shadow-walker came slithering from the dark night.

Com on wanre niht / scriðan sceadugenga.


wann

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

nonlemma

first/third-person singular past indicative of winnan


belifan

belīfan (canonical)
belīfan (infinitive)
belīfenne (infinitive)
belīfe (first-person present singular)
belāf (first-person past singular)
belīfst (present second-person singular)
belife (past second-person singular)
belīfþ (present singular third-person)
belāf (past singular third-person)
belīfaþ (plural present)
belifon (past plural)
belīfe (present singular)
belife (past singular)
belīfen (plural present)
belifen (past plural)
belīf (imperative past present singular)
belīfaþ (imperative past plural present)
belīfende (imperative present)
belifen (imperative past)

Middle English: beliven

English: belive, blive, belave

Scots: beleve, beleif

From Proto-West Germanic *bilīban. Equivalent to be- + a Proto-Germanic verb meaning "to be left," which is the root of Old English lāf and lǣfan.

c. 992, Ælfric, "The Epiphany of the Lord"
Þa tungel-witegan ferdon and hí gebædon, and ða Iudeiscan boceras bæftan belifon, þe þa cenning-stowe þurh bóclic gescead gebícnodon.

The astrologers went and worshipped, and the Jewish scribes remained behind, who had through book-knowledge pointed out the birth-place.


fultum

fultum (nominative singular)
fultumas (nominative plural)
fultum (accusative singular)
fultumas (accusative plural)
fultumes (genitive singular)
fultuma (genitive plural)
fultume (dative singular)
fultumum (dative plural)

From ful- + tēam (“team”). Compare Old High German follaziohan (“to help, be at hand, support”), Middle Low German vultên (“to carry out, perform”), Dutch voltooien (“to complete, finish”).

cog

help, support; protection, reinforcements

late 10th century, Ælfric, "Memory of the Saints"
Nū syndon eahta hēafodmæġnu ðā magan oferswīðan þās foresǣdan dēoflu þurh drihtnes fultum.

Now there are eight Chief Virtues, which may overcome these aforesaid devils, through the Lord's assistance.


bile

English: bill


gol

first/third-person singular preterite indicative of galan


lida

lida (nominative singular)
lidan (nominative plural)
lidan (accusative singular)
lidan (accusative plural)
lidan (genitive singular)
lidena (genitive plural)
lidan (dative singular)
lidum (dative plural)

By surface analysis, lid (“ship”) + -a (agentive noun suffix).


min

mīn (canonical)
mīn (masculine nominative singular)
mīn (feminine nominative singular)
mīn (neuter nominative singular)
mīnne (accusative masculine singular)
mīne (accusative feminine singular)
mīn (accusative neuter singular)
mīnes (genitive masculine singular)
mīnre (feminine genitive singular)
mīnes (genitive neuter singular)
mīnum (dative masculine singular)
mīnre (dative feminine singular)
mīnum (dative neuter singular)
mīne (instrumental masculine singular)
mīnre (feminine instrumental singular)
mīne (instrumental neuter singular)
mīne (masculine nominative plural)
mīna (feminine nominative plural)
mīne (feminine nominative plural)
mīn (neuter nominative plural)
mīne (accusative masculine plural)
mīna (accusative feminine plural)
mīne (accusative feminine plural)
mīn (accusative neuter plural)
mīnra (genitive masculine plural)
mīnra (feminine genitive plural)
mīnra (genitive neuter plural)
mīnum (dative masculine plural)
mīnum (dative feminine plural)
mīnum (dative neuter plural)
mīnum (instrumental masculine plural)
mīnum (feminine instrumental plural)
mīnum (instrumental neuter plural)

Middle English: min

English: my, mine (pronoun)

Scots: mine (pronoun)

From Proto-West Germanic *mīn.
Cognate with Old Frisian mīn, Old Saxon mīn (Dutch mijn), Old High German mīn (German mein), Old Norse mínn (Swedish min), Gothic 𐌼𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 (meins).

Iċ… hlūde ċirme, healde mīne wīsan, hlēoþre ne mīþe,…

I… loudly cry out, hold my tone, don't hide a sound,…


min

min (masculine nominative singular)
min (feminine nominative singular)
min (neuter nominative singular)
minne (accusative masculine singular)
minne (accusative feminine singular)
min (accusative neuter singular)
minnes (genitive masculine singular)
minre (feminine genitive singular)
minnes (genitive neuter singular)
minnum (dative masculine singular)
minre (dative feminine singular)
minnum (dative neuter singular)
minne (instrumental masculine singular)
minre (feminine instrumental singular)
minne (instrumental neuter singular)
minne (masculine nominative plural)
minna (feminine nominative plural)
minne (feminine nominative plural)
min (neuter nominative plural)
minne (accusative masculine plural)
minna (accusative feminine plural)
minne (accusative feminine plural)
min (accusative neuter plural)
minra (genitive masculine plural)
minra (feminine genitive plural)
minra (genitive neuter plural)
minnum (dative masculine plural)
minnum (dative feminine plural)
minnum (dative neuter plural)
minnum (instrumental masculine plural)
minnum (feminine instrumental plural)
minnum (instrumental neuter plural)
minna (masculine nominative singular)
minne (feminine nominative singular)
minne (neuter nominative singular)
minnan (accusative masculine singular)
minnan (accusative feminine singular)
minne (accusative neuter singular)
minnan (genitive masculine singular)
minnan (feminine genitive singular)
minnan (genitive neuter singular)
minnan (dative masculine singular)
minnan (dative feminine singular)
minnan (dative neuter singular)
minnan (instrumental masculine singular)
minnan (feminine instrumental singular)
minnan (instrumental neuter singular)
minnan (masculine nominative plural)
minnan (feminine nominative plural)
minnan (neuter nominative plural)
minnan (accusative masculine plural)
minnan (accusative feminine plural)
minnan (accusative neuter plural)
minra (genitive masculine plural)
minnena (genitive masculine plural)
minra (feminine genitive plural)
minnena (feminine genitive plural)
minra (genitive neuter plural)
minnena (genitive neuter plural)
minnum (dative masculine plural)
minnum (dative feminine plural)
minnum (dative neuter plural)
minnum (instrumental masculine plural)
minnum (feminine instrumental plural)
minnum (instrumental neuter plural)

Middle English: min

Scots: min, myn

English: min

From Proto-Germanic *minniz (“small”), from Proto-Indo-European *min- (“small”). Akin to Old High German minniro (“smaller”) (German minder), Old Norse minni (“smaller”) (Icelandic minni, minnr), Gothic 𐌼𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌹𐌶𐌰 (minniza, “younger”), 𐌼𐌹𐌽𐍃 (mins, “young”), Latin minor (“smaller”).


fora

nominative/accusative/genitive plural of fōr


writ

writu (nominative plural)
writ (nominative singular)
writu (nominative plural)
writ (accusative singular)
writu (accusative plural)
writes (genitive singular)
writa (genitive plural)
write (dative singular)
writum (dative plural)

From Proto-Germanic *writą, whence also Old High German riz, Old Norse rit.


angol

angl (nominative singular)
anglas (nominative plural)
angl (accusative singular)
anglas (accusative plural)
angles (genitive singular)
angla (genitive plural)
angle (dative singular)
anglum (dative plural)

Middle English: angel, angell

Scots: angell, angel

English: angle

From Proto-West Germanic *angul, from Proto-Germanic *angulaz (“fishhook”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂enkulós (“bent, crooked”). Cognate with Old Frisian *ongel, Old Saxon angul, Old High German angul, Old Norse ǫngull, and outside of Germanic, with Ancient Greek ἀγκύλος (ankúlos, “bent, crooked”).


lang

ang-adj

lang (comparative lengra, superlative lenġest)

lengra (comparative)
lenġest (superlative)
lang (masculine nominative singular)
lang (feminine nominative singular)
lang (neuter nominative singular)
langne (accusative masculine singular)
lange (accusative feminine singular)
lang (accusative neuter singular)
langes (genitive masculine singular)
langre (feminine genitive singular)
langes (genitive neuter singular)
langum (dative masculine singular)
langre (dative feminine singular)
langum (dative neuter singular)
lange (instrumental masculine singular)
langre (feminine instrumental singular)
lange (instrumental neuter singular)
lange (masculine nominative plural)
langa (feminine nominative plural)
lange (feminine nominative plural)
lang (neuter nominative plural)
lange (accusative masculine plural)
langa (accusative feminine plural)
lange (accusative feminine plural)
lang (accusative neuter plural)
langra (genitive masculine plural)
langra (feminine genitive plural)
langra (genitive neuter plural)
langum (dative masculine plural)
langum (dative feminine plural)
langum (dative neuter plural)
langum (instrumental masculine plural)
langum (feminine instrumental plural)
langum (instrumental neuter plural)
langa (masculine nominative singular)
lange (feminine nominative singular)
lange (neuter nominative singular)
langan (accusative masculine singular)
langan (accusative feminine singular)
lange (accusative neuter singular)
langan (genitive masculine singular)
langan (feminine genitive singular)
langan (genitive neuter singular)
langan (dative masculine singular)
langan (dative feminine singular)
langan (dative neuter singular)
langan (instrumental masculine singular)
langan (feminine instrumental singular)
langan (instrumental neuter singular)
langan (masculine nominative plural)
langan (feminine nominative plural)
langan (neuter nominative plural)
langan (accusative masculine plural)
langan (accusative feminine plural)
langan (accusative neuter plural)
langra (genitive masculine plural)
langena (genitive masculine plural)
langra (feminine genitive plural)
langena (feminine genitive plural)
langra (genitive neuter plural)
langena (genitive neuter plural)
langum (dative masculine plural)
langum (dative feminine plural)
langum (dative neuter plural)
langum (instrumental masculine plural)
langum (feminine instrumental plural)
langum (instrumental neuter plural)

desctree

Middle English: long, longe, longue, lang, lange, langhe
English: long
Geordie English: lang
Scots: lang
Yola: lhaung, long

From Proto-West Germanic *lang, from Proto-Germanic *langaz, from Proto-Indo-European *dlongʰos.
Cognate with Old Frisian long, Old Saxon lang, Old High German lang, Old Norse langr, Gothic 𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌲𐍃 (laggs), and outside of Germanic, with Latin longus.

late 9th century, King Alfred's translation of Boethius' The Consolation of Philosophy
Iċ onġiete þæt iċ þē hæbbe āþrotenne mid þȳ langan spelle.

I can see I've bored you with that long tangent.

preface to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, manuscript E
Bretene īeġland is eahta hund mīla lang and twā hund brād.

The island of Britain is eight hundred miles long and two hundred miles wide.

late 9th century, Old English Martyrology
Þonne blōtmōnaþ ġeendaþ, þonne biþ sēo niht sixtīene tīda lang and sē dæġ eahta tīda.

At the end of November, the nights are sixteen hours long and the days are eight hours.

Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, Manuscript A, year 893

The forest is 120 miles long or longer from east to west, and 30 miles wide.

Sē wudu is ēastlang and westlang hundtwelftiġes mīla lang oþþe lengra and þrītiġes mīla brād.

late 9th century, Old English Martyrology
On þā swīðran healfe þām ingange is stǣnen bedd seofon fōta lang and þrim mundum hīere þonne þæs hūses flōr.

To the right of the entrance, there is a stone bed that is seven feet long and three hands higher than the floor of the house.

late 9th century, anonymous translation of Orosius’ History Against the Pagans
Ne wēne iċ, nū iċ lang spell hæbbe tō seċġenne, þæt iċ hīe on þisse bēċ ġeendian mæġe, ac iċ ōðre onġinnan sċeal.

Since I have some long stories to tell, I don't think I can finish them in this book, so I'll have to start another one.

c. 996, Ælfric's Lives of Saints
Hē ǣt þā and dranc and eft wearþ on slǣpe, ac sē enġel hine āwreahte ōðre sīðe and cwæþ, "Ārīs hraðe and et. Þū hæfst swīðe langne weġ."

Then he ate and drank and went back to sleep, but the angel woke him up a second time and said, "Come on, get up and eat. You have a very long journey ahead of you."

Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, Manuscript A, year 897

Then King Alfred had longships built to oppose the askar [small, light Viking ships used for raids]. They were almost twice as long as the others. Some had 60 oars, some more. They were both swifter and steadier as well as higher than the others, and they were not based on Frisian design or Danish, but on what he himself thought would be the most useful.

Þā hēt Ælfrēd cyning timbran langsċipu onġēan þā æscas. Þā wǣron fulnēah twā swā lang swā þā ōðru. Sumu hæfdon sixtiġ āra, sumu mā. Þā wǣron ǣġðer ġe swiftran ġe unwealtran ġe ēac hīeran þonne þā ōðru; nǣron nāwðer ne on Frīsisċ ġesċeapen ne on Denisċ, ac swā him selfum þūhte þæt hīe nytwierðest bēon meahten.

c. 995, Ælfric, Extracts on Grammar in English
Ān nama is þissum ġelīċe on ġeendunge and nā on andġiete: hic senior ("þēs ealda mann oþþe ealdor"). Þā ōðre sind ealle mǣst werlīċes cynnes (hic doctor "þēs lārēow," hic salīnātor "þēs sealtere"), and ealle unlīchamlīċe (hic furor "þēos hātheortnes," horror "ōga," labor "ġeswinc," sūdor "swāt," pallor "blācung," pudor "sċamu," decor "wlite," calor "hǣtu," fervor "wielm," rubor "rēadnes oþþe sċamu," algor "ċiele"), and ealle þās and ōðre þyslīċe habbaþ langne ō on ġebīeġedum fiellum.

One noun is like these in ending but not in meaning: hic senior ("this old person or elder"). The others are almost all masculine (hic doctor "this teacher," hic salinator "this salter"), including all the abstract nouns (hic furor "this fury," horror "horror," labor "labor," sudor "sweat," pallor "paleless," pudor "shame," decor "beauty," calor "heat," fervor "boiling heat," rubor "redness or shame," algor "coldness"), and all of these and others like them have a long o in inflected cases.

c. 1000, unknown author, Vercelli Homily IX
Ġif hwelċ mann biþ on helle āne niht, þonne biþ him lēofre þæt hē hangiġe seofon þūsende wintra on þām lenġestan treowe ufeweardum.

Anyone who spends one day in hell would rather hang for seven thousand years from the top of the tallest tree.

late 9th century, King Alfred's translation of Boethius' The Consolation of Philosophy
Þæt is nū þæs līchaman gōd þæt man sīe fæġer, and strang, and lang, and brād, and manegu ōðru gōd ēac þām.

The virtues of the body are that a person is beautiful, strong, tall, and broad, and many other virtues besides these.

c. 996, Ælfric's Lives of Saints
Þā ġeseah hē onġemang ōðrum twēġen ġeonge cneohtas, þæt hīe wǣron wlitiġe on hīewe and lange on wæstmum.

Then he (Trajan) spotted two boys in the crowd and noticed they were beautiful in appearance and tall in stature.


plume

plūme (canonical feminine)
plūme (nominative singular)
plūman (nominative plural)
plūman (accusative singular)
plūman (accusative plural)
plūman (genitive singular)
plūmena (genitive plural)
plūman (dative singular)
plūmum (dative plural)

Middle English: plomme, ploume, plum, plumbe, plumme, plowme, ploumme, plome
English: plum (see there for further descendants)
Scots: ploom, ploum

→ Irish: pluma

From Proto-West Germanic *plūmā, from Latin prūnum.


ceol

ċēol (canonical masculine)
ċēol (nominative singular)
ċēolas (nominative plural)
ċēol (accusative singular)
ċēolas (accusative plural)
ċēoles (genitive singular)
ċēola (genitive plural)
ċēole (dative singular)
ċēolum (dative plural)

⇒ English: Kelsey (from cēol + siġe)

⇒ English: Cholmondeley (from Ċēolmunde + lēah)

⇒ English: Chulmleigh (from Ċēolmunde + lēah)

⇒ English: Cholmondeston (from Ċēolmunde + -es + -tūn)

⇒ English: Chelmsford (from a contraction of Ċēolmǣre + ford)

⇒ English: Chilvers (from a contraction of Ċēolfriþ + -es or 's)

⇒ English: Chorlton (from a contraction of Ċēolfriþ + -tūn)

⇒ English: Cholsey (from a contraction of Ċēoles + īeġ)

From Proto-Germanic *keulaz, from Proto-Indo-European *gawl- (“ball, swelling”). Displaced by Middle English kele, possibly from or related to Middle Dutch kiel (“keel”) cognate with Old Norse kjǫlr, from Proto-Germanic *keluz, a related root. Cognate with Old Saxon kiol (“boat”), Old High German kiol (“boat”), Old Norse kjóll (“ship”).

der

c. 700, Beowulf

ship (specifically a small flat-bottomed boat)


ware

inflection of waru:
accusative singular/plural

inflection of waru:
genitive/dative singular


fane

inflection of fanu:
accusative/genitive/dative singular

inflection of fanu:
nominative/accusative plural


nicer

nicer (nominative singular)
niceras (nominative plural)
nicer (accusative singular)
niceras (accusative plural)
niceres (genitive singular)
nicera (genitive plural)
nicere (dative singular)
nicerum (dative plural)


linda

nominative/accusative/genitive plural of lind