stracian

strācian (canonical)
strācian (infinitive)
strācienne (infinitive)
strāciġe (first-person present singular)
strācode (first-person past singular)
strācast (present second-person singular)
strācodest (past second-person singular)
strācaþ (present singular third-person)
strācode (past singular third-person)
strāciaþ (plural present)
strācodon (past plural)
strāciġe (present singular)
strācode (past singular)
strāciġen (plural present)
strācoden (past plural)
strāca (imperative past present singular)
strāciaþ (imperative past plural present)
strāciende (imperative present)
strācod (imperative past)
ġestrācod (imperative past)

desctree

Middle English: stroken, stracien, straca, strake, stroke, strok
English: stroke
Scots: strake, straik, strak


stician

stician (infinitive)
sticienne (infinitive)
sticiġe (first-person present singular)
sticode (first-person past singular)
sticast (present second-person singular)
sticodest (past second-person singular)
sticaþ (present singular third-person)
sticode (past singular third-person)
sticiaþ (plural present)
sticodon (past plural)
sticiġe (present singular)
sticode (past singular)
sticiġen (plural present)
sticoden (past plural)
stica (imperative past present singular)
sticiaþ (imperative past plural present)
sticiende (imperative present)
sticod (imperative past)
ġesticod (imperative past)

English: stick

From Proto-Germanic *stikōną, closely related to *stikaną (“to stick”).

(transitive) to pierce, to stab, to prick, to stick

(intransitive) to remain embedded, to be fastened, to stick

(intransitive) to run, to lie (in a particular direction)


stice

stiċe (canonical masculine)
stiċe (nominative singular)
stiċas (nominative plural)
stiċe (accusative singular)
stiċas (accusative plural)
stiċes (genitive singular)
stiċa (genitive plural)
stiċe (dative singular)
stiċum (dative plural)

Middle English: stiche, stecche, steche, sticche, sticke, stych, styche, styk
English: stitch
Scots: steek, stick

From Proto-West Germanic *stiki, from Proto-Germanic *stikiz, whence also Old High German stih (“prick, sting, stitch”), Gothic 𐍃𐍄𐌹𐌺𐍃 (stiks, “point”), Old Frisian stek, steke (“point”) and Old Saxon stiki (“prick, stab”).


staþol

staþol (nominative singular)
staþolas (nominative plural)
staþol (accusative singular)
staþolas (accusative plural)
staþoles (genitive singular)
staþola (genitive plural)
staþole (dative singular)
staþolum (dative plural)

Middle English: stathel

Scots: stathel, stassel

English: stathel, staddle

From Proto-Germanic *staþulaz, whence also Old High German stadal, Old Norse stöðull.


streaw

strēaw (canonical neuter)
strēaw (nominative singular)
strēaw (nominative plural)
strēaw (accusative singular)
strēaw (accusative plural)
strēawes (genitive singular)
strēawa (genitive plural)
strēawe (dative singular)
strēawum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: straw
English: straw
Scots: strae
Yola: stre, strew

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *strow-o-m
Proto-Germanic *strawą
Proto-West Germanic *strau
Old English streaw
From Proto-West Germanic *strau (“that which is strewn”).
Cognates
Cognate with Old Frisian strē, Old Saxon strō (Dutch stro), Old High German strō (German Stroh), Old Norse strá (Swedish strå).


steorfan

steorfan (infinitive)
steorfenne (infinitive)
steorfe (first-person present singular)
stearf (first-person past singular)
stierfst (present second-person singular)
sturfe (past second-person singular)
stierfþ (present singular third-person)
stearf (past singular third-person)
steorfaþ (plural present)
sturfon (past plural)
steorfe (present singular)
sturfe (past singular)
steorfen (plural present)
sturfen (past plural)
steorf (imperative past present singular)
steorfaþ (imperative past plural present)
steorfende (imperative present)
storfen (imperative past)
ġestorfen (imperative past)

desctree

Middle English: sterven, sterve
English: starve
Scots: sterve

From Proto-Germanic *sterbaną. Cognate with Old Frisian sterva, Old Saxon stervan, Old Dutch stervan, Old High German sterban.


steap

stēap (canonical)
stēap (masculine nominative singular)
stēap (feminine nominative singular)
stēap (neuter nominative singular)
stēapne (accusative masculine singular)
stēape (accusative feminine singular)
stēap (accusative neuter singular)
stēapes (genitive masculine singular)
stēapre (feminine genitive singular)
stēapes (genitive neuter singular)
stēapum (dative masculine singular)
stēapre (dative feminine singular)
stēapum (dative neuter singular)
stēape (instrumental masculine singular)
stēapre (feminine instrumental singular)
stēape (instrumental neuter singular)
stēape (masculine nominative plural)
stēapa (feminine nominative plural)
stēape (feminine nominative plural)
stēap (neuter nominative plural)
stēape (accusative masculine plural)
stēapa (accusative feminine plural)
stēape (accusative feminine plural)
stēap (accusative neuter plural)
stēapra (genitive masculine plural)
stēapra (feminine genitive plural)
stēapra (genitive neuter plural)
stēapum (dative masculine plural)
stēapum (dative feminine plural)
stēapum (dative neuter plural)
stēapum (instrumental masculine plural)
stēapum (feminine instrumental plural)
stēapum (instrumental neuter plural)
stēapa (masculine nominative singular)
stēape (feminine nominative singular)
stēape (neuter nominative singular)
stēapan (accusative masculine singular)
stēapan (accusative feminine singular)
stēape (accusative neuter singular)
stēapan (genitive masculine singular)
stēapan (feminine genitive singular)
stēapan (genitive neuter singular)
stēapan (dative masculine singular)
stēapan (dative feminine singular)
stēapan (dative neuter singular)
stēapan (instrumental masculine singular)
stēapan (feminine instrumental singular)
stēapan (instrumental neuter singular)
stēapan (masculine nominative plural)
stēapan (feminine nominative plural)
stēapan (neuter nominative plural)
stēapan (accusative masculine plural)
stēapan (accusative feminine plural)
stēapan (accusative neuter plural)
stēapra (genitive masculine plural)
stēapena (genitive masculine plural)
stēapra (feminine genitive plural)
stēapena (feminine genitive plural)
stēapra (genitive neuter plural)
stēapena (genitive neuter plural)
stēapum (dative masculine plural)
stēapum (dative feminine plural)
stēapum (dative neuter plural)
stēapum (instrumental masculine plural)
stēapum (feminine instrumental plural)
stēapum (instrumental neuter plural)

desc

Middle English: stæp, steap, stepe, steep

English: steep

Scots: stepe, steip


staca

staca (nominative singular)
stacan (nominative plural)
stacan (accusative singular)
stacan (accusative plural)
stacan (genitive singular)
stacena (genitive plural)
stacan (dative singular)
stacum (dative plural)

Middle English: stake

English: stake

Scots: stak, staik


innan

Middle English: innen


seoc

sēoc (canonical)
sēoc (masculine nominative singular)
sēoc (feminine nominative singular)
sēoc (neuter nominative singular)
sēocne (accusative masculine singular)
sēoce (accusative feminine singular)
sēoc (accusative neuter singular)
sēoces (genitive masculine singular)
sēocre (feminine genitive singular)
sēoces (genitive neuter singular)
sēocum (dative masculine singular)
sēocre (dative feminine singular)
sēocum (dative neuter singular)
sēoce (instrumental masculine singular)
sēocre (feminine instrumental singular)
sēoce (instrumental neuter singular)
sēoce (masculine nominative plural)
sēoca (feminine nominative plural)
sēoce (feminine nominative plural)
sēoc (neuter nominative plural)
sēoce (accusative masculine plural)
sēoca (accusative feminine plural)
sēoce (accusative feminine plural)
sēoc (accusative neuter plural)
sēocra (genitive masculine plural)
sēocra (feminine genitive plural)
sēocra (genitive neuter plural)
sēocum (dative masculine plural)
sēocum (dative feminine plural)
sēocum (dative neuter plural)
sēocum (instrumental masculine plural)
sēocum (feminine instrumental plural)
sēocum (instrumental neuter plural)
sēoca (masculine nominative singular)
sēoce (feminine nominative singular)
sēoce (neuter nominative singular)
sēocan (accusative masculine singular)
sēocan (accusative feminine singular)
sēoce (accusative neuter singular)
sēocan (genitive masculine singular)
sēocan (feminine genitive singular)
sēocan (genitive neuter singular)
sēocan (dative masculine singular)
sēocan (dative feminine singular)
sēocan (dative neuter singular)
sēocan (instrumental masculine singular)
sēocan (feminine instrumental singular)
sēocan (instrumental neuter singular)
sēocan (masculine nominative plural)
sēocan (feminine nominative plural)
sēocan (neuter nominative plural)
sēocan (accusative masculine plural)
sēocan (accusative feminine plural)
sēocan (accusative neuter plural)
sēocra (genitive masculine plural)
sēocena (genitive masculine plural)
sēocra (feminine genitive plural)
sēocena (feminine genitive plural)
sēocra (genitive neuter plural)
sēocena (genitive neuter plural)
sēocum (dative masculine plural)
sēocum (dative feminine plural)
sēocum (dative neuter plural)
sēocum (instrumental masculine plural)
sēocum (feminine instrumental plural)
sēocum (instrumental neuter plural)

desctree

Middle English: sik
English: sick
→? Navajo: sxih
Scots: seek, seeck
Yola: zeek

From Proto-West Germanic *seuk. Cognate with Old High German sioh, Old Norse sjúkr.

late 10th century, Ælfric, "Saint Basilius, Bishop"
He be-het þæt he wolde and se halga ge-bæd for þæt seoce cyld and him wæs sona bet.

He promised that he would, and the saint prayed for the sick child, and he was instantly better.


soþ

sōþ (canonical)
sōþ (masculine nominative singular)
sōþ (feminine nominative singular)
sōþ (neuter nominative singular)
sōþne (accusative masculine singular)
sōþe (accusative feminine singular)
sōþ (accusative neuter singular)
sōþes (genitive masculine singular)
sōþre (feminine genitive singular)
sōþes (genitive neuter singular)
sōþum (dative masculine singular)
sōþre (dative feminine singular)
sōþum (dative neuter singular)
sōþe (instrumental masculine singular)
sōþre (feminine instrumental singular)
sōþe (instrumental neuter singular)
sōþe (masculine nominative plural)
sōþa (feminine nominative plural)
sōþe (feminine nominative plural)
sōþ (neuter nominative plural)
sōþe (accusative masculine plural)
sōþa (accusative feminine plural)
sōþe (accusative feminine plural)
sōþ (accusative neuter plural)
sōþra (genitive masculine plural)
sōþra (feminine genitive plural)
sōþra (genitive neuter plural)
sōþum (dative masculine plural)
sōþum (dative feminine plural)
sōþum (dative neuter plural)
sōþum (instrumental masculine plural)
sōþum (feminine instrumental plural)
sōþum (instrumental neuter plural)
sōþa (masculine nominative singular)
sōþe (feminine nominative singular)
sōþe (neuter nominative singular)
sōþan (accusative masculine singular)
sōþan (accusative feminine singular)
sōþe (accusative neuter singular)
sōþan (genitive masculine singular)
sōþan (feminine genitive singular)
sōþan (genitive neuter singular)
sōþan (dative masculine singular)
sōþan (dative feminine singular)
sōþan (dative neuter singular)
sōþan (instrumental masculine singular)
sōþan (feminine instrumental singular)
sōþan (instrumental neuter singular)
sōþan (masculine nominative plural)
sōþan (feminine nominative plural)
sōþan (neuter nominative plural)
sōþan (accusative masculine plural)
sōþan (accusative feminine plural)
sōþan (accusative neuter plural)
sōþra (genitive masculine plural)
sōþena (genitive masculine plural)
sōþra (feminine genitive plural)
sōþena (feminine genitive plural)
sōþra (genitive neuter plural)
sōþena (genitive neuter plural)
sōþum (dative masculine plural)
sōþum (dative feminine plural)
sōþum (dative neuter plural)
sōþum (instrumental masculine plural)
sōþum (feminine instrumental plural)
sōþum (instrumental neuter plural)

From Proto-West Germanic *sanþ, from Proto-Germanic *sanþaz.

late 10th century, Ælfric, Lives of Saints
Hē þancode þā god eallra his gōdnyssa, þæt hē hine ġesċylde wiþ þone swicolan deofol and him siġe forġēaf þurh sōþne ġelēafan.

Then he thanked God for all of his good deeds, that He protected him against the treacherous devil and gave him victory through the true faith.


soþ

sōþ (canonical neuter)
sōþ (nominative singular)
sōþ (nominative plural)
sōþ (accusative singular)
sōþ (accusative plural)
sōþes (genitive singular)
sōþa (genitive plural)
sōþe (dative singular)
sōþum (dative plural)

Middle English: soth

English: sooth

Scots: suthe, suith

Soð bið swicolost, sinc byð deorost,
gold gumena gehwam, and gomol snoterost [...]

Truth will be trickiest, treasure the dearest,
gold is for all men, and the old one is wisest …


sincan

sincan (infinitive)
sincenne (infinitive)
since (first-person present singular)
sanc (first-person past singular)
sincst (present second-person singular)
sunce (past second-person singular)
sincþ (present singular third-person)
sanc (past singular third-person)
sincaþ (plural present)
suncon (past plural)
since (present singular)
sunce (past singular)
sincen (plural present)
suncen (past plural)
sinc (imperative past present singular)
sincaþ (imperative past plural present)
sincende (imperative present)
suncen (imperative past)
ġesuncen (imperative past)

Middle English: synken
English: sink
Scots: sink
Yola: zunk (preterite)

From Proto-West Germanic *sinkwan, akin to Old Frisian sinka (West Frisian sinke), Old Saxon sinkan, Old High German sinkan (German sinken), Old Norse søkkva (Danish synke, Swedish sjunka, Icelandic sökkva, Faroese søkka), Gothic 𐍃𐌹𐌲𐌵𐌰𐌽 (sigqan).

late 10th century, Ælfric, Lives of Saints
Æfter þisum ġebede, bærst ūt of heofonum swȳþe fǣrlīċ fȳr and forbernde þæt templ, and ealle þā godas grundlunga suncon intō þǣre eorþan, and ne ætēowdon siþþan.

After this prayer, a very sudden fire burst out of the heavens and burned up the temple, and all the gods sunk completely into the earth, and have not appeared since.


studu

studu (nominative singular)
styde (nominative plural)
studu (accusative singular)
styde (accusative plural)
styde (genitive singular)
stude (genitive singular)
studa (genitive plural)
styde (dative singular)
studum (dative plural)

Middle English: stude

English: stud

Scots: stuit

From Proto-West Germanic *stuþ, see also Old Norse stoð. Compare German Stütze.


stepe

step (nominative singular)
stepas (nominative plural)
step (accusative singular)
stepas (accusative plural)
stepes (genitive singular)
stepa (genitive plural)
stepe (dative singular)
stepum (dative plural)


springan

springan (infinitive)
springenne (infinitive)
springe (first-person present singular)
sprang (first-person past singular)
springst (present second-person singular)
sprunge (past second-person singular)
springþ (present singular third-person)
sprang (past singular third-person)
springaþ (plural present)
sprungon (past plural)
springe (present singular)
sprunge (past singular)
springen (plural present)
sprungen (past plural)
spring (imperative past present singular)
springaþ (imperative past plural present)
springende (imperative present)
sprungen (imperative past)
ġesprungen (imperative past)

Middle English: spryngen
English: spring; sprink
Scots: spring

...for swenge swat ædrum sprong
forð under fexe.
...for the swing, the blood from his veins sprang
forth under his hair.


mæst

mǣst (canonical)
mǣst (masculine nominative singular)
mǣst (feminine nominative singular)
mǣst (neuter nominative singular)
mǣstne (accusative masculine singular)
mǣste (accusative feminine singular)
mǣst (accusative neuter singular)
mǣstes (genitive masculine singular)
mǣstre (feminine genitive singular)
mǣstes (genitive neuter singular)
mǣstum (dative masculine singular)
mǣstre (dative feminine singular)
mǣstum (dative neuter singular)
mǣste (instrumental masculine singular)
mǣstre (feminine instrumental singular)
mǣste (instrumental neuter singular)
mǣste (masculine nominative plural)
mǣsta (feminine nominative plural)
mǣste (feminine nominative plural)
mǣst (neuter nominative plural)
mǣste (accusative masculine plural)
mǣsta (accusative feminine plural)
mǣste (accusative feminine plural)
mǣst (accusative neuter plural)
mǣstra (genitive masculine plural)
mǣstra (feminine genitive plural)
mǣstra (genitive neuter plural)
mǣstum (dative masculine plural)
mǣstum (dative feminine plural)
mǣstum (dative neuter plural)
mǣstum (instrumental masculine plural)
mǣstum (feminine instrumental plural)
mǣstum (instrumental neuter plural)
mǣsta (masculine nominative singular)
mǣste (feminine nominative singular)
mǣste (neuter nominative singular)
mǣstan (accusative masculine singular)
mǣstan (accusative feminine singular)
mǣste (accusative neuter singular)
mǣstan (genitive masculine singular)
mǣstan (feminine genitive singular)
mǣstan (genitive neuter singular)
mǣstan (dative masculine singular)
mǣstan (dative feminine singular)
mǣstan (dative neuter singular)
mǣstan (instrumental masculine singular)
mǣstan (feminine instrumental singular)
mǣstan (instrumental neuter singular)
mǣstan (masculine nominative plural)
mǣstan (feminine nominative plural)
mǣstan (neuter nominative plural)
mǣstan (accusative masculine plural)
mǣstan (accusative feminine plural)
mǣstan (accusative neuter plural)
mǣstra (genitive masculine plural)
mǣstena (genitive masculine plural)
mǣstra (feminine genitive plural)
mǣstena (feminine genitive plural)
mǣstra (genitive neuter plural)
mǣstena (genitive neuter plural)
mǣstum (dative masculine plural)
mǣstum (dative feminine plural)
mǣstum (dative neuter plural)
mǣstum (instrumental masculine plural)
mǣstum (feminine instrumental plural)
mǣstum (instrumental neuter plural)

Middle English: maste, most, moste

English: most

Geordie English: myest

Scots: maste, mast, maist

From Proto-West Germanic *maist, from Proto-Germanic *maistaz and *maist.

late 9th century, King Alfred's translation of Boethius' The Consolation of Philosophy
Mǣst manna nū onhyreþ nēatum on þām þæt hīe wilniaþ weoroldlusta swā swā nīetenu.

Most people now resemble animals in that they desire worldly pleasures like animals do.

superlative degree of miċel, fela, and maniġ: biggest, most


mæst

superlative degree of miċele and swīþe: most


mæst

mæst (nominative singular)
mæstas (nominative plural)
mæst (accusative singular)
mæstas (accusative plural)
mæstes (genitive singular)
mæsta (genitive plural)
mæste (dative singular)
mæstum (dative plural)

Middle English: mast

English: mast

Scots: mast

From Proto-Germanic *mastaz. Cognate with Middle Dutch mast (Dutch mast), Old High German mast (German Mast).


mæst

English: mast

From Proto-Germanic *mastaz, from Proto-Indo-European *mad(z)do-. Cognate with Middle Dutch mast, Old High German mast (German Mast); and related to Latin madeō (“to be wet”) and Old English mete (“food”).

mast (forest nuts, often used to feed pigs)


stelan

stelan (infinitive)
stelenne (infinitive)
stele (first-person present singular)
stæl (first-person past singular)
stilest (present second-person singular)
stilst (present second-person singular)
stǣle (past second-person singular)
stileþ (present singular third-person)
stilþ (present singular third-person)
stæl (past singular third-person)
stelaþ (plural present)
stǣlon (past plural)
stele (present singular)
stǣle (past singular)
stelen (plural present)
stǣlen (past plural)
stel (imperative past present singular)
stelaþ (imperative past plural present)
stelende (imperative present)
stolen (imperative past)
ġestolen (imperative past)

Middle English: stelen

English: steal

From Proto-West Germanic *stelan, from Proto-Germanic *stelaną, whence also Old Frisian stela (West Frisian stelle), Old Saxon stelan, Old High German stelan (German stehlen), Old Norse stela (Danish stjæle), Gothic 𐍃𐍄𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌽 (stilan).


cinn

ċinn (canonical neuter)
ċinn (nominative singular)
ċinn (nominative plural)
ċinn (accusative singular)
ċinn (accusative plural)
ċinnes (genitive singular)
ċinna (genitive plural)
ċinne (dative singular)
ċinnum (dative plural)

Middle English: chyn, chin, chinne, chynne, shyne, schyn
English: chin
Scots: chin, chyn

From Proto-West Germanic *kinnu (“chin”).
Compare Old Frisian zin, Old Saxon, Old Dutch, and Old High German kinni, Old Norse kinn, Gothic 𐌺𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌿𐍃 (kinnus) and Latin gena, Ancient Greek γένυς (génus), Welsh gen, Tocharian A śanwem, Old Armenian ծնաւտ (cnawt), Lithuanian žandas, Persian چانه (čâne), Sanskrit हनु (hánu).


penning

penning (nominative singular)
penningas (nominative plural)
penning (accusative singular)
penningas (accusative plural)
penninges (genitive singular)
penninga (genitive plural)
penninge (dative singular)
penningum (dative plural)

Middle English: peny, pani, paniȝe, peni, penie, pening
English: penny, pence (see there for further descendants)
Scots: penny

→ Old Irish: pinginn, penginn (possibly from Old Norse)

Irish: pingin

→ Old Spanish:

Spanish: penique


steor

stēor (canonical masculine)
stēor (nominative singular)
stēoras (nominative plural)
stēor (accusative singular)
stēoras (accusative plural)
stēores (genitive singular)
stēora (genitive plural)
stēore (dative singular)
stēorum (dative plural)

Middle English: steer
English: steer
Middle Scots: ster, stere, steir
Scots: steer

From Proto-West Germanic *steur, see also Old High German stior, Old Norse stjórr.


steor

stēor (canonical neuter)
stēor (nominative singular)
stēor (nominative plural)
stēor (accusative singular)
stēor (accusative plural)
stēores (genitive singular)
stēora (genitive plural)
stēore (dative singular)
stēorum (dative plural)

From Proto-Germanic *stiuriją, from the verb *stiurijaną.


steor

stēor (canonical feminine)
stēor (nominative singular)
stēora (nominative plural)
stēore (nominative plural)
stēore (accusative singular)
stēora (accusative plural)
stēore (accusative plural)
stēore (genitive singular)
stēora (genitive plural)
stēore (dative singular)
stēorum (dative plural)

Middle English: stere, steer, steere, steor, ster, stiere
English: steer
Scots: steer

rule, regulation; correction, discipline, reproof; rebuke, check, restraint


stincan

stincan (infinitive)
stincenne (infinitive)
stince (first-person present singular)
stanc (first-person past singular)
stincst (present second-person singular)
stunce (past second-person singular)
stincþ (present singular third-person)
stanc (past singular third-person)
stincaþ (plural present)
stuncon (past plural)
stince (present singular)
stunce (past singular)
stincen (plural present)
stuncen (past plural)
stinc (imperative past present singular)
stincaþ (imperative past plural present)
stincende (imperative present)
stuncen (imperative past)
ġestuncen (imperative past)

Middle English: stynken, stynkkyn, stenke, styngke, stynke, stinken
Scots: stink
English: stink

c. 995, Ælfric, Extracts on Grammar in English
Oleō: "iċ stince swōte."

late 9th century, Old English Martyrology
Þā āhlēop sē līchama sōna upp of þām wætre and þæt hēafod on ōðerre stōwe, and sē līchama stanc and þæt hēafod swā swōte swā rosan blostma and līlian.

Then the body suddenly jumped out of the water, along with the head in another place, and the body and the head both smelled as sweet as a blossom of roses and lilies.

to smell (give off a scent; intransitive)

c. 990, Wessex Gospels, John 11:39

Jesus said, "Take away the stone." Then Martha said, "Lord, by now he's going to stink: he's been dead for four days."

Sē Hǣlend cwæþ, "Dōþ on weġ þone stān." Þā cwæþ Martha tō him, "Dryhten, nū hē stincþ: hē wæs for fēower dagum dēad."

late 10th century, Ælfric, Lives of Saints
Þā hālgan wurdon ġebrōhte tō blindum cwearterne þǣr manna līc lǣgon þe wǣron ǣr ācwealde on þām cwearterne ġefyrn, þā wēollon eall maðum eġeslīċe stuncon.

The saints were taken to a dark prison where they found the corpses of people who had long since been killed, which were swarming with maggots and stank horribly.


sweard

Middle English: sward

Scots: swaird

English: sward

From Proto-Germanic *swarduz; akin to Old Norse svǫrðr.


spann

head

spann f (nominative plural spanna or spanne)

spanna (nominative plural)
spanne (nominative plural)
spann (nominative singular)
spanna (nominative plural)
spanne (nominative plural)
spanne (accusative singular)
spanna (accusative plural)
spanne (accusative plural)
spanne (genitive singular)
spanna (genitive plural)
spanne (dative singular)
spannum (dative plural)

English: span

From Proto-Germanic *spannō, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)pend-. Cognate with Middle Dutch spanne (Dutch spanne), Old High German spanna (German Spanne), Old Norse spǫnn (Icelandic spönn).

span (of a hand; used as a measurement, typically considered about nine inches)


stearc

stearc (masculine nominative singular)
stearc (feminine nominative singular)
stearc (neuter nominative singular)
stearcne (accusative masculine singular)
stearce (accusative feminine singular)
stearc (accusative neuter singular)
stearces (genitive masculine singular)
stearcre (feminine genitive singular)
stearces (genitive neuter singular)
stearcum (dative masculine singular)
stearcre (dative feminine singular)
stearcum (dative neuter singular)
stearce (instrumental masculine singular)
stearcre (feminine instrumental singular)
stearce (instrumental neuter singular)
stearce (masculine nominative plural)
stearca (feminine nominative plural)
stearce (feminine nominative plural)
stearc (neuter nominative plural)
stearce (accusative masculine plural)
stearca (accusative feminine plural)
stearce (accusative feminine plural)
stearc (accusative neuter plural)
stearcra (genitive masculine plural)
stearcra (feminine genitive plural)
stearcra (genitive neuter plural)
stearcum (dative masculine plural)
stearcum (dative feminine plural)
stearcum (dative neuter plural)
stearcum (instrumental masculine plural)
stearcum (feminine instrumental plural)
stearcum (instrumental neuter plural)
stearca (masculine nominative singular)
stearce (feminine nominative singular)
stearce (neuter nominative singular)
stearcan (accusative masculine singular)
stearcan (accusative feminine singular)
stearce (accusative neuter singular)
stearcan (genitive masculine singular)
stearcan (feminine genitive singular)
stearcan (genitive neuter singular)
stearcan (dative masculine singular)
stearcan (dative feminine singular)
stearcan (dative neuter singular)
stearcan (instrumental masculine singular)
stearcan (feminine instrumental singular)
stearcan (instrumental neuter singular)
stearcan (masculine nominative plural)
stearcan (feminine nominative plural)
stearcan (neuter nominative plural)
stearcan (accusative masculine plural)
stearcan (accusative feminine plural)
stearcan (accusative neuter plural)
stearcra (genitive masculine plural)
stearcena (genitive masculine plural)
stearcra (feminine genitive plural)
stearcena (feminine genitive plural)
stearcra (genitive neuter plural)
stearcena (genitive neuter plural)
stearcum (dative masculine plural)
stearcum (dative feminine plural)
stearcum (dative neuter plural)
stearcum (instrumental masculine plural)
stearcum (feminine instrumental plural)
stearcum (instrumental neuter plural)

Middle English: stark, sterk

English: stark

Scots: stark, sterk

From Proto-Germanic *starkaz. Cognate with Old High German stark (German stark), Old Norse sterkr (Swedish stark, Danish stærk, Norwegian Bokmål sterk), reconstructed Gothic *𐍃𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌺𐍃 (*starks, “strong”).


smitan

smītan (canonical)
smītan (infinitive)
smītenne (infinitive)
smīte (first-person present singular)
smāt (first-person past singular)
smītst (present second-person singular)
smite (past second-person singular)
smītt (present singular third-person)
smīt (present singular third-person)
smāt (past singular third-person)
smītaþ (plural present)
smiton (past plural)
smīte (present singular)
smite (past singular)
smīten (plural present)
smiten (past plural)
smīt (imperative past present singular)
smītaþ (imperative past plural present)
smītende (imperative present)
smiten (imperative past)
ġesmiten (imperative past)

Middle English: smiten

Scots: smite, smyte

English: smite

besmītan

besmut, defile, pollute, infect, contaminate

besmītnes

smuttiness, filthiness, pollution, infection, contamination

ġesmiten

smeared, smutted, smudged, anointed, polluted, infected, contaminated

*smītende

unattested present participle, see Icelandic smitandi


stefn

stefn (nominative singular)
stefna (nominative plural)
stefne (nominative plural)
stefne (accusative singular)
stefna (accusative plural)
stefne (accusative plural)
stefne (genitive singular)
stefna (genitive plural)
stefne (dative singular)
stefnum (dative plural)

Middle English: steven

English: steven

From Proto-Germanic *stebnō. Cognate with Old Frisian stifne, Old Saxon stemna, Old High German stimna, Gothic 𐍃𐍄𐌹𐌱𐌽𐌰 (stibna).

c. 990, Wessex Gospels, Mark 1:3

A voice calling out in the wilderness: "Prepare the way of the Lord, make his paths straight."

Clipiendu stefn on þǣre wēstenne: "Ġeġearwiaþ Dryhtnes weġ, dōþ ryhte his sīþas.


stefn

stefn (nominative singular)
stefnas (nominative plural)
stefn (accusative singular)
stefnas (accusative plural)
stefnes (genitive singular)
stefna (genitive plural)
stefne (dative singular)
stefnum (dative plural)


rida

rida (nominative singular)
ridan (nominative plural)
ridan (accusative singular)
ridan (accusative plural)
ridan (genitive singular)
ridena (genitive plural)
ridan (dative singular)
ridum (dative plural)


slaf

first/third-person singular preterite indicative of slīfan


spere

speru (nominative plural)
spere (nominative singular)
speru (nominative plural)
spere (accusative singular)
speru (accusative plural)
speres (genitive singular)
spera (genitive plural)
spere (dative singular)
sperum (dative plural)

Middle English: spere, spear

English: spear

From Proto-West Germanic *speru, from Proto-Germanic *speru, from Proto-Indo-European *sperH-. Cognate with West Frisian spear, Dutch speer, Old High German sper (German Speer), Old Norse spjǫr.


styrian

styrian (infinitive)
styrienne (infinitive)
styrie (first-person present singular)
styrede (first-person past singular)
styrest (present second-person singular)
styredest (past second-person singular)
styreþ (present singular third-person)
styrede (past singular third-person)
styriaþ (plural present)
styredon (past plural)
styrie (present singular)
styrede (past singular)
styrien (plural present)
styreden (past plural)
styre (imperative past present singular)
styriaþ (imperative past plural present)
styriende (imperative present)
styred (imperative past)
ġestyred (imperative past)

Middle English: stiren

English: stir

→ Welsh: ystwyrian

Late 10th century, Ælfric, the Old English Hexateuch, Genesis 7:21

All flesh was destroyed that moved on the Earth, of people and of birds, of livestock and of reptiles.

Wearþ þā fornumen eall flǣsċ þe ofer Eorðan styrede, manna and fugla, nīetena and crēopendra.

Early 11th century, Wulfstan, "Larspell"
Iċ ġenam mīne hearpan and ongann mīne strenġas styrian.

I took my harp and started to move the strings.


swearm

swearm (nominative singular)
swearmas (nominative plural)
swearm (accusative singular)
swearmas (accusative plural)
swearmes (genitive singular)
swearma (genitive plural)
swearme (dative singular)
swearmum (dative plural)

Middle English: swarm

English: swarm

From Proto-Germanic *swarmaz, whence also Old High German swarm, Old Norse svarmr. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *swer- (“to buzz, hum”).


swilc

(Late West Saxon) Alternative form of swelċ


strang

ang-adj

strang (comparative strengra, superlative strenġest)

strengra (comparative)
strenġest (superlative)
strang (masculine nominative singular)
strang (feminine nominative singular)
strang (neuter nominative singular)
strangne (accusative masculine singular)
strange (accusative feminine singular)
strang (accusative neuter singular)
stranges (genitive masculine singular)
strangre (feminine genitive singular)
stranges (genitive neuter singular)
strangum (dative masculine singular)
strangre (dative feminine singular)
strangum (dative neuter singular)
strange (instrumental masculine singular)
strangre (feminine instrumental singular)
strange (instrumental neuter singular)
strange (masculine nominative plural)
stranga (feminine nominative plural)
strange (feminine nominative plural)
strang (neuter nominative plural)
strange (accusative masculine plural)
stranga (accusative feminine plural)
strange (accusative feminine plural)
strang (accusative neuter plural)
strangra (genitive masculine plural)
strangra (feminine genitive plural)
strangra (genitive neuter plural)
strangum (dative masculine plural)
strangum (dative feminine plural)
strangum (dative neuter plural)
strangum (instrumental masculine plural)
strangum (feminine instrumental plural)
strangum (instrumental neuter plural)
stranga (masculine nominative singular)
strange (feminine nominative singular)
strange (neuter nominative singular)
strangan (accusative masculine singular)
strangan (accusative feminine singular)
strange (accusative neuter singular)
strangan (genitive masculine singular)
strangan (feminine genitive singular)
strangan (genitive neuter singular)
strangan (dative masculine singular)
strangan (dative feminine singular)
strangan (dative neuter singular)
strangan (instrumental masculine singular)
strangan (feminine instrumental singular)
strangan (instrumental neuter singular)
strangan (masculine nominative plural)
strangan (feminine nominative plural)
strangan (neuter nominative plural)
strangan (accusative masculine plural)
strangan (accusative feminine plural)
strangan (accusative neuter plural)
strangra (genitive masculine plural)
strangena (genitive masculine plural)
strangra (feminine genitive plural)
strangena (feminine genitive plural)
strangra (genitive neuter plural)
strangena (genitive neuter plural)
strangum (dative masculine plural)
strangum (dative feminine plural)
strangum (dative neuter plural)
strangum (instrumental masculine plural)
strangum (feminine instrumental plural)
strangum (instrumental neuter plural)

desctree

Middle English: strong, stronge, stronke, stron, strange, straunge
English: strong
Scots: strang
Yola: straung


swealwe

swealwe (nominative singular)
swealwan (nominative plural)
swealwan (accusative singular)
swealwan (accusative plural)
swealwan (genitive singular)
swealwena (genitive plural)
swealwan (dative singular)
swealwum (dative plural)

Middle English: swalwe, swalewe, swalowe, swhalow, sualow, swalow, swalue, swolwe, swaluwe, swalew, swalugh
English: swallow
Scots: swalla, swallae

From Proto-West Germanic *swalwā, related to Old High German swalwa, Old Norse svala.


pund

desc

Middle English: pund, punde, pounde, pound

English: pound

Northumbrian: pund

→ Middle Irish: punt

Irish: punt

Manx: punt

Scots: pund, poond

From Proto-West Germanic *pund, from Proto-Germanic *pundą, from Latin pondus.


pund

Middle English: pund, pound, pond

English: pound, pond

Scots: pund, pond, poind, pound

Unknown. Perhaps related to Old English penn (“enclosure, pen”), Old English pinn (“pin, peg, nail, bolt”), Old English *pennian (“to close, lock [in]”) attested in onpennad (“unpent, open”).


sundrian

sundrian (infinitive)
sundrienne (infinitive)
sundriġe (first-person present singular)
sundrode (first-person past singular)
sundrast (present second-person singular)
sundrodest (past second-person singular)
sundraþ (present singular third-person)
sundrode (past singular third-person)
sundriaþ (plural present)
sundrodon (past plural)
sundriġe (present singular)
sundrode (past singular)
sundriġen (plural present)
sundroden (past plural)
sundra (imperative past present singular)
sundriaþ (imperative past plural present)
sundriende (imperative present)
sundrod (imperative past)
ġesundrod (imperative past)

Middle English: sundren

English: sunder

Scots: sunder, sinder

From Proto-Germanic *sundrōną. Cognate with Old High German sundrōn, Old Norse sundra (Swedish söndra).


sweorfan

sweorfan (infinitive)
sweorfenne (infinitive)
sweorfe (first-person present singular)
swearf (first-person past singular)
swierfst (present second-person singular)
swurfe (past second-person singular)
swierfþ (present singular third-person)
swearf (past singular third-person)
sweorfaþ (plural present)
swurfon (past plural)
sweorfe (present singular)
swurfe (past singular)
sweorfen (plural present)
swurfen (past plural)
sweorf (imperative past present singular)
sweorfaþ (imperative past plural present)
sweorfende (imperative present)
sworfen (imperative past)
ġesworfen (imperative past)

Middle English: swerven, swarven

English: swerve, swarve

Scots: swerfe, swarfe, swerve, swarve

From Proto-Germanic *swerbaną, whence also Old High German swerban, Old Norse sverfa, Gothic 𐍃𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌱𐌰𐌽 (swairban).

to gesworfenum ōran


singan

singan (infinitive)
singenne (infinitive)
singe (first-person present singular)
sang (first-person past singular)
singst (present second-person singular)
sunge (past second-person singular)
singþ (present singular third-person)
sang (past singular third-person)
singaþ (plural present)
sungon (past plural)
singe (present singular)
sunge (past singular)
singen (plural present)
sungen (past plural)
sing (imperative past present singular)
singaþ (imperative past plural present)
singende (imperative present)
sungen (imperative past)
ġesungen (imperative past)

desctree

Middle English: singen, cingen, cinggen, singgen, singe, synge, syngen, cyngyn, cynggyn, zinge (Kent)
English: sing
Scots: sing
Yola: zing

From Proto-West Germanic *singwan, from Proto-Germanic *singwaną, from Proto-Indo-European *sengʷʰ-.

Iċ þurh mūþ sprece mongum reordum, wrenċum singe, wrixle ġeneahhe hēafodwōþe,…

I speak with many voices through mouth, sing melodies, change abundantly my main song,…


sucan

sūcan (canonical)
sūcan (infinitive)
sūcenne (infinitive)
sūce (first-person present singular)
sēac (first-person past singular)
sȳcst (present second-person singular)
suce (past second-person singular)
sȳcþ (present singular third-person)
sēac (past singular third-person)
sūcaþ (plural present)
sucon (past plural)
sūce (present singular)
suce (past singular)
sūcen (plural present)
sucen (past plural)
sūc (imperative past present singular)
sūcaþ (imperative past plural present)
sūcende (imperative present)
socen (imperative past)
ġesocen (imperative past)

Middle English: souken, suken

English: suck

From Proto-Germanic *sūkaną, from Proto-Indo-European *suk-. Akin to sūgan.

late 10th century, Ælfric, "The Passion of the Apostles Simon and Jude"
Þā ongunnon ealla þā nædran tō ċēowenne heora flǣsċ and heora blōd sūcan þæt hīe þæt ātor ūt ātugen.

Then all the snakes began to chew their flesh and suck their blood to draw the poison out.


spiwan

spīwan (canonical)
spīwan (infinitive)
spīwenne (infinitive)
spīwe (first-person present singular)
spāw (first-person past singular)
spīwst (present second-person singular)
spiwe (past second-person singular)
spīwþ (present singular third-person)
spāw (past singular third-person)
spīwaþ (plural present)
spiwon (past plural)
spīwe (present singular)
spiwe (past singular)
spīwen (plural present)
spiwen (past plural)
spīw (imperative past present singular)
spīwaþ (imperative past plural present)
spīwende (imperative present)
spiwen (imperative past)
ġespiwen (imperative past)

Middle English: spewen, speouwen, spew, spewe, spiewen, spiwan, spue, spuen, spuwe
English: spew
Scots: spew


sæd

sǣd (canonical neuter)
sǣd (nominative singular)
sǣd (nominative plural)
sǣd (accusative singular)
sǣd (accusative plural)
sǣdes (genitive singular)
sǣda (genitive plural)
sǣde (dative singular)
sǣdum (dative plural)

Middle English: seed, ceed, ceede, sed, sede, sedde, seede, seide, seod, seth, seyd, seyde, side, syd, zed, sad, sæd, sæt (Early Middle English)
English: seed
Scots: seed, seid, sid
Yola: zeade

From Proto-West Germanic *sād. See there for more.


sæd

sæd (masculine nominative singular)
sadu (feminine nominative singular)
sado (feminine nominative singular)
sæd (neuter nominative singular)
sædne (accusative masculine singular)
sade (accusative feminine singular)
sæd (accusative neuter singular)
sades (genitive masculine singular)
sædre (feminine genitive singular)
sades (genitive neuter singular)
sadum (dative masculine singular)
sædre (dative feminine singular)
sadum (dative neuter singular)
sade (instrumental masculine singular)
sædre (feminine instrumental singular)
sade (instrumental neuter singular)
sade (masculine nominative plural)
sada (feminine nominative plural)
sade (feminine nominative plural)
sadu (neuter nominative plural)
sado (neuter nominative plural)
sade (accusative masculine plural)
sada (accusative feminine plural)
sade (accusative feminine plural)
sadu (accusative neuter plural)
sado (accusative neuter plural)
sædra (genitive masculine plural)
sædra (feminine genitive plural)
sædra (genitive neuter plural)
sadum (dative masculine plural)
sadum (dative feminine plural)
sadum (dative neuter plural)
sadum (instrumental masculine plural)
sadum (feminine instrumental plural)
sadum (instrumental neuter plural)
sada (masculine nominative singular)
sade (feminine nominative singular)
sade (neuter nominative singular)
sadan (accusative masculine singular)
sadan (accusative feminine singular)
sade (accusative neuter singular)
sadan (genitive masculine singular)
sadan (feminine genitive singular)
sadan (genitive neuter singular)
sadan (dative masculine singular)
sadan (dative feminine singular)
sadan (dative neuter singular)
sadan (instrumental masculine singular)
sadan (feminine instrumental singular)
sadan (instrumental neuter singular)
sadan (masculine nominative plural)
sadan (feminine nominative plural)
sadan (neuter nominative plural)
sadan (accusative masculine plural)
sadan (accusative feminine plural)
sadan (accusative neuter plural)
sædra (genitive masculine plural)
sadena (genitive masculine plural)
sædra (feminine genitive plural)
sadena (feminine genitive plural)
sædra (genitive neuter plural)
sadena (genitive neuter plural)
sadum (dative masculine plural)
sadum (dative feminine plural)
sadum (dative neuter plural)
sadum (instrumental masculine plural)
sadum (feminine instrumental plural)
sadum (instrumental neuter plural)

Middle English: sad, saad, sadd, zed, sæd, sead, sed (Early Middle English)
English: sad
Scots: sad

From Proto-West Germanic *sad. See there for more.

Iċ eom ānhaga īserne wund, bille ġebennod, beadoweorca sæd, eċġum wēriġ.

I am a lone one wounded with iron, wounded by sword, sated of battle-works, weary by edges.


swapan

swāpan (canonical)
swāpan (infinitive)
swāpenne (infinitive)
swāpe (first-person present singular)
swēop (first-person past singular)
swǣpst (present second-person singular)
swēope (past second-person singular)
swǣpþ (present singular third-person)
swēop (past singular third-person)
swāpaþ (plural present)
swēopon (past plural)
swāpe (present singular)
swēope (past singular)
swāpen (plural present)
swēopen (past plural)
swāp (imperative past present singular)
swāpaþ (imperative past plural present)
swāpende (imperative present)
swāpen (imperative past)
ġeswāpen (imperative past)

Middle English: swopen, swapen, swope, zuope
English: swoop
Scots: swap, swape, swaip

Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *swaipan, from Proto-Germanic *swaipaną. Cognate with Old High German sweifan.


tacen

tācen (canonical neuter)
tācen (nominative singular)
tācnu (nominative plural)
tācen (accusative singular)
tācnu (accusative plural)
tācnes (genitive singular)
tācna (genitive plural)
tācne (dative singular)
tācnum (dative plural)


swæþ

swæþ (nominative singular)
swaþu (nominative plural)
swæþ (accusative singular)
swaþu (accusative plural)
swæþes (genitive singular)
swaþa (genitive plural)
swæþe (dative singular)
swaþum (dative plural)

Middle English: swath, swathe

English: swath (“swath”)

From Proto-West Germanic *swaþ, from Proto-Germanic *swaþō, from Proto-Indo-European *swem(bʰ)- (“to bend, turn, swing”). Cognate with Old Norse svæði (“open field”).


swæþ

Middle English: swath, swathe

English: swathe (“bandage”)

From Proto-West Germanic *swaþ-. Compare Middle Low German swēde (“dressing for a wound, wrap, compress, bandage”), Middle High German swede (“wound dressing, bandage”), Middle High German swade (“strip, band, film”).


spinel

spinel (nominative singular)
spinela (nominative plural)
spinele (nominative plural)
spinele (accusative singular)
spinela (accusative plural)
spinele (accusative plural)
spinele (genitive singular)
spinela (genitive plural)
spinele (dative singular)
spinelum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: spyndel, spyndylle, spyndell, spindelle, spyndle, spindil, spyndill, spyndul, spindel, spinle, spindle
English: spindle, spinnel
Scots: spinnell, spindill


sumor

sumor (nominative singular)
sumoras (nominative plural)
sumor (accusative singular)
sumoras (accusative plural)
sumores (genitive singular)
sumora (genitive plural)
sumore (dative singular)
sumora (dative singular)
sumorum (dative plural)

Middle English: sumer, somer

English: summer

Scots: somer, sumer, simmer, simer

Yola: zimmer, zummer

From Proto-West Germanic *sumar, see also Old Saxon sumar, Old High German sumar, Old Norse sumar.


sierce

sierċe (canonical feminine)
sierċe (nominative singular)
sierċan (nominative plural)
sierċan (accusative singular)
sierċan (accusative plural)
sierċan (genitive singular)
sierċena (genitive plural)
sierċan (dative singular)
sierċum (dative plural)

Middle English: serk, serke, sark (through the Anglian variant)

Scots: serk, sark

English: sark

From Proto-West Germanic *sarki; related to Old Norse serkr.


swogan

swōgan (canonical)
swōgan (infinitive)
swōgenne (infinitive)
swōge (first-person present singular)
swēġst (present second-person singular)
swēġþ (present singular third-person)
swōgaþ (plural present)
swōge (present singular)
swōgen (plural present)
swōg (imperative past present singular)
swōh (imperative past present singular)
swōgaþ (imperative past plural present)
swōgende (imperative present)
swōgen (imperative past)
ġeswōgen (imperative past)

Middle English: swowen, souȝen, soghen

English: sough

Scots: swouch, souch

Middle English: swōune (“faintness”) (past participle)

Middle English: swōunen

English: swoon

to move with violence, enter with force, invade


swifan

swīfan (canonical)
swīfan (infinitive)
swīfenne (infinitive)
swīfe (first-person present singular)
swāf (first-person past singular)
swīfst (present second-person singular)
swife (past second-person singular)
swīfþ (present singular third-person)
swāf (past singular third-person)
swīfaþ (plural present)
swifon (past plural)
swīfe (present singular)
swife (past singular)
swīfen (plural present)
swifen (past plural)
swīf (imperative past present singular)
swīfaþ (imperative past plural present)
swīfende (imperative present)
swifen (imperative past)
ġeswifen (imperative past)

Middle English: swiven

English: swive

⇒ Middle English: swift

English: swift

From Proto-Germanic *swībaną (“to move”), from Proto-Indo-European *swey- (“to swing, sweep, bend”). Cognate with Old Frisian swīva, swīfa (“to waver”), Old Norse svífa (“to drift, ramble, rove”), Gothic 𐍃𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌱𐌰𐌽 (sweiban).


swincan

swincan (infinitive)
swincenne (infinitive)
swince (first-person present singular)
swanc (first-person past singular)
swincst (present second-person singular)
swunce (past second-person singular)
swincþ (present singular third-person)
swanc (past singular third-person)
swincaþ (plural present)
swuncon (past plural)
swince (present singular)
swunce (past singular)
swincen (plural present)
swuncen (past plural)
swinc (imperative past present singular)
swincaþ (imperative past plural present)
swincende (imperative present)
swuncen (imperative past)
ġeswuncen (imperative past)

Middle English: swinken

English: swink

From Proto-Germanic *swinkaną (“to swing, bend”), from Proto-Indo-European *sweng-, *swenk- (“to bend, swing, swivel”). A parallel form to swingan.

inh

late 9th century, King Alfred's translation of Boethius' The Consolation of Philosophy
Nū ðū þæt swā openlīce onġiten hæfst, ne þearfe ic nū nauht swīþe ymbe þ swincan þæt ic þē mā be gode recce.

Since thou hast so clearly understood this, I need not now greatly labour in order that I may instruct thee further concerning good;...

late 10th century, Ælfric, "Saint George, Martyr"
Nāst þū lā Geori þæt ūre godas swincað mid þē and ġit hī synd ġeþyldiġe þæt hī þe miltsion. Nū lǣre ic ðē swā swā lēofne sunu þæt ðū þæra cristenra lāre forlǣte mid ealle and tō mīnum rǣde hraðe ġebūge swā þæt ðū offriġe þām ārwurðan Appoline and þū mycelne wurðmynt miht swā beġitan.

Knowest thou not, O George, that our gods are striving with thee, and even yet they are patient, that they may pity thee; now I exhort thee, as a beloved son, that thou altogether quit the Christians' doctrine, and quickly incline to my counsel, so that thou sacrifice to the venerable Apollo, and thou mayest so obtain great honour.'


tæcan

tǣċan (canonical)
tǣċan (infinitive)
tǣċenne (infinitive)
tǣċe (first-person present singular)
tǣhte (first-person past singular)
tāhte (first-person past singular)
tǣċest (present second-person singular)
tǣcst (present second-person singular)
tǣhtest (past second-person singular)
tāhtest (past second-person singular)
tǣċeþ (present singular third-person)
tǣcþ (present singular third-person)
tǣhte (past singular third-person)
tāhte (past singular third-person)
tǣċaþ (plural present)
tǣhton (past plural)
tāhton (past plural)
tǣċe (present singular)
tǣhte (past singular)
tāhte (past singular)
tǣċen (plural present)
tǣhten (past plural)
tāhten (past plural)
tǣċ (imperative past present singular)
tǣċaþ (imperative past plural present)
tǣċende (imperative present)
tǣht (imperative past)
ġetǣht (imperative past)
tāht (imperative past)
ġetāht (imperative past)

desctree

Middle English: techen
English: teach
Scots: teich
Yola: teach

/ˈtæː.t͡ʃɑn/

From Proto-West Germanic *taikijan, from Proto-Germanic *taikijaną.

to show (someone) the way; to direct, guide


swimman

swimman (infinitive)
swimmenne (infinitive)
swimme (first-person present singular)
swamm (first-person past singular)
swimst (present second-person singular)
swumme (past second-person singular)
swimþ (present singular third-person)
swamm (past singular third-person)
swimmaþ (plural present)
swummon (past plural)
swimme (present singular)
swumme (past singular)
swimmen (plural present)
swummen (past plural)
swimm (imperative past present singular)
swimmaþ (imperative past plural present)
swimmende (imperative present)
swummen (imperative past)
ġeswummen (imperative past)

Middle English: swymmen, suymmyne, sweme, swemmen, swimmen, swyme, swymme, squim (Northern)
English: swim
Scots: sweem, soom

From Proto-West Germanic *swimman, whence also Old Frisian swimma, Old Saxon swimman, Old Dutch *swimman, Old High German swimman, Old Norse svimma.

þonne māga ġemynd · mōd ġeondhweorfeð,
grēteð glīwstafum, · ġeorne ġeondsċēawað
seċġa ġeseldan. · Swimmað oft on weġ.

when mind goes through memory of kinsmen,
greets with mirths, eagerly looks through
comrades of men. They often swim away.


tacan

tacan (infinitive)
tacenne (infinitive)
tace (first-person present singular)
tōc (first-person past singular)
tæcst (present second-person singular)
tōce (past second-person singular)
tæcþ (present singular third-person)
tōc (past singular third-person)
tacaþ (plural present)
tōcon (past plural)
tace (present singular)
tōce (past singular)
tacen (plural present)
tōcen (past plural)
tac (imperative past present singular)
tacaþ (imperative past plural present)
tacende (imperative present)
tæcen (imperative past)
ġetæcen (imperative past)
tacen (imperative past)
ġetacen (imperative past)

Middle English: taken
English: take
Geordie English: tyek
Scots: tak, ta
Yola: taake

A late borrowing (c. 1100), from Old Norse taka.


swinc

swinc (nominative singular)
swinc (nominative plural)
swinc (accusative singular)
swinc (accusative plural)
swinces (genitive singular)
swinca (genitive plural)
swince (dative singular)
swincum (dative plural)

English: swink


suþ

sūþ (canonical)
sūþ (masculine nominative singular)
sūþ (feminine nominative singular)
sūþ (neuter nominative singular)
sūþne (accusative masculine singular)
sūþe (accusative feminine singular)
sūþ (accusative neuter singular)
sūþes (genitive masculine singular)
sūþre (feminine genitive singular)
sūþes (genitive neuter singular)
sūþum (dative masculine singular)
sūþre (dative feminine singular)
sūþum (dative neuter singular)
sūþe (instrumental masculine singular)
sūþre (feminine instrumental singular)
sūþe (instrumental neuter singular)
sūþe (masculine nominative plural)
sūþa (feminine nominative plural)
sūþe (feminine nominative plural)
sūþ (neuter nominative plural)
sūþe (accusative masculine plural)
sūþa (accusative feminine plural)
sūþe (accusative feminine plural)
sūþ (accusative neuter plural)
sūþra (genitive masculine plural)
sūþra (feminine genitive plural)
sūþra (genitive neuter plural)
sūþum (dative masculine plural)
sūþum (dative feminine plural)
sūþum (dative neuter plural)
sūþum (instrumental masculine plural)
sūþum (feminine instrumental plural)
sūþum (instrumental neuter plural)
sūþa (masculine nominative singular)
sūþe (feminine nominative singular)
sūþe (neuter nominative singular)
sūþan (accusative masculine singular)
sūþan (accusative feminine singular)
sūþe (accusative neuter singular)
sūþan (genitive masculine singular)
sūþan (feminine genitive singular)
sūþan (genitive neuter singular)
sūþan (dative masculine singular)
sūþan (dative feminine singular)
sūþan (dative neuter singular)
sūþan (instrumental masculine singular)
sūþan (feminine instrumental singular)
sūþan (instrumental neuter singular)
sūþan (masculine nominative plural)
sūþan (feminine nominative plural)
sūþan (neuter nominative plural)
sūþan (accusative masculine plural)
sūþan (accusative feminine plural)
sūþan (accusative neuter plural)
sūþra (genitive masculine plural)
sūþena (genitive masculine plural)
sūþra (feminine genitive plural)
sūþena (feminine genitive plural)
sūþra (genitive neuter plural)
sūþena (genitive neuter plural)
sūþum (dative masculine plural)
sūþum (dative feminine plural)
sūþum (dative neuter plural)
sūþum (instrumental masculine plural)
sūþum (feminine instrumental plural)
sūþum (instrumental neuter plural)

Middle English: south, souþ, suþ, sowth, suthe, souþe, suth, souht, zouth (Kent)
English: south
Scots: sooth
Yola: zouth

→ Old French: sud, su

Middle French: sud

French: sud

From Proto-West Germanic *sunþ, *sunþr, from Proto-Germanic *sunþrą, whence also Old High German sunt, Old Norse suðr.


swin

swīn (canonical neuter)
swīn (nominative singular)
swīn (nominative plural)
swīn (accusative singular)
swīn (accusative plural)
swīnes (genitive singular)
swīna (genitive plural)
swīne (dative singular)
swīnum (dative plural)

Middle English: swyn, sqwyne, suin, swein, sweyne, swin, swine, swiyn, swyne, swynne, zuin
English: swine
Scots: swine

From Proto-West Germanic *swīn. Cognate with Old Frisian swīn, Old Saxon swīn.

Swīn etaþ ealra cynna þing.

Swīn lyst simle bewealwian on solum.

Pigs always like rolling around in the mud.

unknown date, unknown author, Exeter Book, riddle 40

I'm bigger and fatter than a fattened pig.

Māra iċ eom and fǣtra þonne āmæsted swīn.

9th century, Bald's Leechbook
Ne et nīewne ċīese, ne fersċe gōs, ne fersċne ǣl, ne fersċ swīn.

Don't eat new cheese, fresh goose, fresh eel, or fresh pork.


gædere

From Proto-Germanic *gadar, from Proto-Germanic *gad-.


þider

Alteration of þæder, probably by analogy with hider.


þille

Middle English: thylle, thille, thill, þyl, thil
English: thill
Scots: thill

From Proto-Germanic *þiljǭ, whence also Old High German dilla, Old Norse þilja.


tynder

tynder (nominative singular)
tyndra (nominative plural)
tyndre (nominative plural)
tyndre (accusative singular)
tyndra (accusative plural)
tyndre (accusative plural)
tyndre (genitive singular)
tyndra (genitive plural)
tyndre (dative singular)
tyndrum (dative plural)

From a -j-suffixed derivative of Proto-West Germanic *tundr, from Proto-Germanic *tundrą. Cognate to Old High German zuntra.


tæppian

tæppian (infinitive)
tæppienne (infinitive)
tæppiġe (first-person present singular)
tæppode (first-person past singular)
tæppast (present second-person singular)
tæppodest (past second-person singular)
tæppaþ (present singular third-person)
tæppode (past singular third-person)
tæppiaþ (plural present)
tæppodon (past plural)
tæppiġe (present singular)
tæppode (past singular)
tæppiġen (plural present)
tæppoden (past plural)
tæppa (imperative past present singular)
tæppiaþ (imperative past plural present)
tæppiende (imperative present)
tæppod (imperative past)
ġetæppod (imperative past)


togædere

desc

Middle English: togadere, togedere, together

English: together

Scots: togiddir, thegither

late 9th century, translation of Orosius’ History Against the Pagans
On þǣm ġēare wurdon þā Gallie Rōmanum wiþerwearde, þe mon nū hǣt Longbeardas, ⁊ raþe þǣs heora folc tōgæddere ġelǣddon.

In that year, the Gauls, who are now called Lombards, became hostile to Rome, and quickly brought their people together.


þoht

desctree

Middle English: thought, thoughte, thougt, thouhte, thoute, thogt, thohte, thogh
English: thought
Scots: thocht
Yola: thaugkt

From Proto-West Germanic *þą̄ht, from Proto-Germanic *þanhtaz, whence also Old High German gidāht.


tilian

tilian (infinitive)
tilianne (infinitive)
tiliġe (first-person present singular)
tilode (first-person past singular)
tilast (present second-person singular)
tilodest (past second-person singular)
tilaþ (present singular third-person)
tilode (past singular third-person)
tiliaþ (plural present)
tilodon (past plural)
tiliġe (present singular)
tilode (past singular)
tiliġen (plural present)
tiloden (past plural)
tila (imperative past present singular)
tiliaþ (imperative past plural present)
tiliende (imperative present)
tilod (imperative past)
ġetilod (imperative past)

From Proto-Germanic *tilōną, whence also Old High German zilōn.


stede

stede (nominative singular)
stedas (nominative plural)
stede (accusative singular)
stedas (accusative plural)
stedes (genitive singular)
steda (genitive plural)
stede (dative singular)
stedum (dative plural)

Middle English: stede, stad, sted, stedd, stedde, steed, steede, steode, steyd, stid, stide, stode, stud, stude, styd, stydde, styde
English: stead
Scots: steid, sted

From Proto-West Germanic *stadi. Cognate with Old High German stat, Old Norse staðr.

c. 992, Ælfric, "On the Holy Day of Pentecost"
Hi heoldon þæt gold unwurðlice, forðan ðe seo gitsung næfde nænne stede on heora heortan: forði hí dydon heora ðing him gemæne, þæt hí on soðre sibbe butan gytsunge beon mihton.

They held the gold as worthless, because covetousness had no place in their hearts: they made their goods in common, that they might be in true peace without covetousness.

late 9th century, King Alfred's translation of Saint Augustine's Soliloquies
Wōst þū nū þat þē man þǣr on tēhte þāra twelf tungla stēde and þāra sunne færeld?

Knowest thou what was there taught thee about the positions of (he twelve stars and the path of the sun?


swingan

swingan (infinitive)
swingenne (infinitive)
swinge (first-person present singular)
swang (first-person past singular)
swingst (present second-person singular)
swunge (past second-person singular)
swingþ (present singular third-person)
swang (past singular third-person)
swingaþ (plural present)
swungon (past plural)
swinge (present singular)
swunge (past singular)
swingen (plural present)
swungen (past plural)
swing (imperative past present singular)
swingaþ (imperative past plural present)
swingende (imperative present)
swungen (imperative past)
ġeswungen (imperative past)

Middle English: swyngen, swingen, swyng, swynge, swyngge, swyngyn, squynge, suing, swingan, swingæn, swingenn
English: swing
→ Dutch: swingen
→ Norman: souîndgi
Scots: swing, sweeng

From Proto-West Germanic *swingan (“to swing”).

inh

(figurative) to chastise, afflict, plague

to swinge, flog, beat, scourge
to chastise, afflict, plague

Mid ġelǣredre handa hē swang ðone top.

Hē swang ðæt fýr on twá.

Se fugel liċġeþ lonnum fæst swīþe swingeþ.


þeoh

þēoh (canonical neuter)
þēoh (nominative singular)
þēoh (nominative plural)
þēoh (accusative singular)
þēoh (accusative plural)
þēos (genitive singular)
þēona (genitive plural)
þēo (dative singular)
þēom (dative plural)
þēoum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: þigh
English: thigh
Scots: thee

late 10th century, Ælfric, the Old English Hexateuch, Genesis 24:2

And Abraham said to his servant, "Put your hand under my thigh."

And Abrāhām cwæþ tō his þēowe, "Sete þīne hand under mīn þēoh."


þeah

From Proto-West Germanic *þauh, from Proto-Germanic *þauh, corresponding to Proto-Germanic *þau (“in that case”) + *-uh (“and”) (cognate with Latin -que).


þeah

English: though

Oft him ānhaga · āre gebīdeð,
Metudes miltse, · þēah þe hē mōdċeariġ

A loner oft waits a grace for himself,
Creator's mercy, even if he is sorrowful


tigele

tigele (nominative singular)
tigelan (nominative plural)
tigelan (accusative singular)
tigelan (accusative plural)
tigelan (genitive singular)
tigelena (genitive plural)
tigelan (dative singular)
tigelum (dative plural)

desc

Middle English: tigel, tighele, teghell, teȝele, tiȝel, tyle, tile

English: tile (see there for further descendants)

Scots: tyl, tild


teld

teld (nominative singular)
teld (nominative plural)
teld (accusative singular)
teld (accusative plural)
teldes (genitive singular)
telda (genitive plural)
telde (dative singular)
teldum (dative plural)

Middle English: teld, tielde

Scots: tild, tyld, teill

English: teld, tilt

From Proto-West Germanic *teld, from Proto-Germanic *teldą. Cognate with Old High German zelt.

Uton āslēan ūre teld hēr on þisse mǣdwe.

Let's pitch our tent here in this meadow.


ærdæg

ǣrdæġ (canonical masculine)
ǣrdagas (nominative plural)

the early part of the day; dawn, early morning


þawian

þāwian (canonical)
þāwian (infinitive)
þāwienne (infinitive)
þāwiġe (first-person present singular)
þāwode (first-person past singular)
þāwast (present second-person singular)
þāwodest (past second-person singular)
þāwaþ (present singular third-person)
þāwode (past singular third-person)
þāwiaþ (plural present)
þāwodon (past plural)
þāwiġe (present singular)
þāwode (past singular)
þāwiġen (plural present)
þāwoden (past plural)
þāwa (imperative past present singular)
þāwiaþ (imperative past plural present)
þāwiende (imperative present)
þāwod (imperative past)
ġeþāwod (imperative past)

Middle English: thawen, thowen

English: thaw

Scots: thow

From Proto-West Germanic *þauwjan, from Proto-Germanic *þawjaną.

Se snāw þawaþ.


stoc

stoc (nominative singular)
stocu (nominative plural)
stoc (accusative singular)
stocu (accusative plural)
stoces (genitive singular)
stoca (genitive plural)
stoce (dative singular)
stocum (dative plural)

From Proto-Germanic *stukką, related to *stukkaz (“post, beam”), whence also Old High German stoc, Old Norse stokkr, Old English stocc (“stock, stump”).


stoc

stocu (nominative plural)
stoc (nominative singular)
stocu (nominative plural)
stoc (accusative singular)
stocu (accusative plural)
stoces (genitive singular)
stoca (genitive plural)
stoce (dative singular)
stocum (dative plural)

From Proto-Germanic *stuką, related to Proto-Germanic *stūkǭ (“sleeve”).


tellan

tellan (infinitive)
tellenne (infinitive)
telle (first-person present singular)
tealde (first-person past singular)
telest (present second-person singular)
tealdest (past second-person singular)
teleþ (present singular third-person)
tealde (past singular third-person)
tellaþ (plural present)
tealdon (past plural)
telle (present singular)
tealde (past singular)
tellen (plural present)
tealden (past plural)
tele (imperative past present singular)
tellaþ (imperative past plural present)
tellende (imperative present)
teald (imperative past)
ġeteald (imperative past)

desctree

Middle English: tellen
English: tell
Scots: tell
Yola: tolth, told (preterite)

From Proto-West Germanic *talljan, from Proto-Germanic *taljaną, whence also Old Frisian tella, Old Saxon tellian, Old Dutch tellen, Old High German zellen, Old Norse telja. Related to Old English talu (“tale, account”).

Tealdest þū eall þā sċēap be handa?

Nese, iċ hīe tealde mid mīnum hēafde.

Ac mid þām handum man mæġ tellan hūru oþ tīen, mid þām hēafde oþ ān.

But with your hands you can count at least to ten, with your head only to one.

Hwæt lā! Þonne næs būtan ān sċēap tō tellanne.

So then there was only one sheep to be counted!

c. 990, Wessex Gospels, John 15:15

I don't consider you servants. I consider you friends.

Ne telle iċ ēow tō þēowum. Iċ telle ēow tō frēondum.

late 10th century, Ælfric, "Saint Agnes, Virgin"
Þæt fyr wearð þa acwenced þæt þær an col ne gleow and þæt folc tealde þæt to drycræfte...

Then the fire became quenched, so that not one coal glowed there, and the people attributed it to witchcraft,...


tendan

tendan (infinitive)
tendenne (infinitive)
tende (first-person present singular)
tende (first-person past singular)
tendest (present second-person singular)
tenst (present second-person singular)
tentst (present second-person singular)
tendest (past second-person singular)
tendeþ (present singular third-person)
tent (present singular third-person)
tende (past singular third-person)
tendaþ (plural present)
tendon (past plural)
tende (present singular)
tende (past singular)
tenden (plural present)
tenden (past plural)
tend (imperative past present singular)
tendaþ (imperative past plural present)
tendende (imperative present)
tended (imperative past)
ġetended (imperative past)

Middle English: tenden

English: teend

From Proto-Germanic *tandijaną. Cognate with Old High German zunden.


þanc

þanc (nominative singular)
þancas (nominative plural)
þanc (accusative singular)
þancas (accusative plural)
þances (genitive singular)
þanca (genitive plural)
þance (dative singular)
þancum (dative plural)

English: thank

From Proto-Germanic *þankaz, whence also Old Frisian thonk, Old Saxon thank, Old Dutch thank, Old High German danc, and Gothic 𐌸𐌰𐌲𐌺𐍃 (þagks). Old Norse þǫkk, though a feminine ō-stem, is clearly related; probably it was originally a collective of PGmc *þankaz.


þræd

þrǣd (canonical masculine)
þrǣd (nominative singular)
þrǣdas (nominative plural)
þrǣd (accusative singular)
þrǣdas (accusative plural)
þrǣdes (genitive singular)
þrǣda (genitive plural)
þrǣde (dative singular)
þrǣdum (dative plural)

Middle English: thred, threed, threde, þræd, þred, þrede
English: thread
Scots: threid
Yola: dreade

From Proto-Germanic *þrēduz, from Proto-Indo-European *treh₁-tu-, from *terh₁- (“rub, twist”). Germanic cognates include Old Frisian thrēd, Old Saxon thrād, Old High German drāt, Old Norse þráðr.


þeccan

þeċċan (canonical)
þeċċan (infinitive)
þeċċenne (infinitive)
þeċċe (first-person present singular)
þeahte (first-person past singular)
þeċest (present second-person singular)
þeahtest (past second-person singular)
þeċeþ (present singular third-person)
þeahte (past singular third-person)
þeċċaþ (plural present)
þeahton (past plural)
þeċċe (present singular)
þeahte (past singular)
þeċċen (plural present)
þeahten (past plural)
þeċe (imperative past present singular)
þeċċaþ (imperative past plural present)
þeċċende (imperative present)
þeaht (imperative past)
ġeþeaht (imperative past)

Middle English: thecchen, thacchen

English: thatch, deech

Scots: thack

From Proto-West Germanic *þakkjan, from Proto-Germanic *þakjaną.


þæc

þæc (nominative singular)
þacu (nominative plural)
þæc (accusative singular)
þacu (accusative plural)
þæces (genitive singular)
þaca (genitive plural)
þæce (dative singular)
þacum (dative plural)

Middle English: thakke, thankk, thak

English: thack

Scots: thak, thek, thack

⇒ Middle English: thacche, thetche (influenced by þeċċan (“to cover”))

English: thatch

From Proto-West Germanic *þak, whence also Old Frisian thak, Old Saxon thak, Old High German dah, Old Norse þak.


tæsan

tǣsan (canonical)
tǣsan (infinitive)
tǣsenne (infinitive)
tǣse (first-person present singular)
tǣsde (first-person past singular)
tǣsest (present second-person singular)
tǣst (present second-person singular)
tǣsdest (past second-person singular)
tǣseþ (present singular third-person)
tǣst (present singular third-person)
tǣsde (past singular third-person)
tǣsaþ (plural present)
tǣsdon (past plural)
tǣse (present singular)
tǣsde (past singular)
tǣsen (plural present)
tǣsden (past plural)
tǣs (imperative past present singular)
tǣsaþ (imperative past plural present)
tǣsende (imperative present)
tǣsed (imperative past)
ġetǣsed (imperative past)

Middle English: tesen, taise, teise, tese, tesien
English: tease
Scots: tease, taise
Yola: tyshe


þreatian

þrēatian (canonical)
þrēatian (infinitive)
þrēatienne (infinitive)
þrēatiġe (first-person present singular)
þrēatode (first-person past singular)
þrēatast (present second-person singular)
þrēatodest (past second-person singular)
þrēataþ (present singular third-person)
þrēatode (past singular third-person)
þrēatiaþ (plural present)
þrēatodon (past plural)
þrēatiġe (present singular)
þrēatode (past singular)
þrēatiġen (plural present)
þrēatoden (past plural)
þrēata (imperative past present singular)
þrēatiaþ (imperative past plural present)
þrēatiende (imperative present)
þrēatod (imperative past)
ġeþrēatod (imperative past)

Middle English: þreaten, þreten

English: threat, threaten

From þrēat + -ian. Cognate with Old Saxon *thrōton, Middle Low German drōten.


þancian

þancian (infinitive)
þancienne (infinitive)
þanciġe (first-person present singular)
þancode (first-person past singular)
þancast (present second-person singular)
þancodest (past second-person singular)
þancaþ (present singular third-person)
þancode (past singular third-person)
þanciaþ (plural present)
þancodon (past plural)
þanciġe (present singular)
þancode (past singular)
þanciġen (plural present)
þancoden (past plural)
þanca (imperative past present singular)
þanciaþ (imperative past plural present)
þanciende (imperative present)
þancod (imperative past)
ġeþancod (imperative past)

Middle English: thanken, thonken

English: thank

Scots: thank, thonk

From Proto-Germanic *þankōną. Cognate with Old Saxon thankon, Old High German dankōn, Old Norse þakka (Icelandic þakka), and Dutch danken.

late 10th century, Ælfric, Lives of Saints
þā wēop sē cyning and þancode gode his gōdan wyllan.

Then the king wept and thanked God for his good will.


þrescold

þresċold (canonical masculine)
þresċold (nominative singular)
þresċoldas (nominative plural)
þresċold (accusative singular)
þresċoldas (accusative plural)
þresċoldes (genitive singular)
þresċolda (genitive plural)
þresċolde (dative singular)
þresċoldum (dative plural)

Middle English: threschwolde, threscholde, thresscholde, threschwold, thresschefolde, þroschfolde, þresshewold, thresshold, þresshewolde, thryssheholde, þres-uold, threschwalde, thresschewold, þreschwald, threshwold, þrexwolde, þresfold, throschfold, throsfold, þresshald, threswald
English: threshold
Scots: thrashel

Proto-Germanic *þreskwaþluz, akin to Old High German driscūfli, Old Norse þreskǫldr, þreskjǫldr, Norwegian terskel, treskel, Swedish Swedish tröskel and Danish tærskel.


þrawan

þrāwan (canonical)
þrāwan (infinitive)
þrāwenne (infinitive)
þrāwe (first-person present singular)
þrēow (first-person past singular)
þrǣwst (present second-person singular)
þrēowe (past second-person singular)
þrǣwþ (present singular third-person)
þrēow (past singular third-person)
þrāwaþ (plural present)
þrēowon (past plural)
þrāwe (present singular)
þrēowe (past singular)
þrāwen (plural present)
þrēowen (past plural)
þrāw (imperative past present singular)
þrāwaþ (imperative past plural present)
þrāwende (imperative present)
þrāwen (imperative past)
ġeþrāwen (imperative past)

Middle English: throwen, thrawen, thorwen
English: throw
Northumbrian: thraa
Scots: thraw
Yola: drowe, draugh

From Proto-West Germanic *þrāan.
Cognate with Old Frisian thrāia, Old Saxon thrāian, Middle Dutch draeien (Dutch draaien), Old High German draen, drāen (German drehen).


þrea

þrēa (canonical feminine)
þrēa (nominative singular)
þrēan (nominative plural)
þrēan (accusative singular)
þrēan (accusative plural)
þrēan (genitive singular)
þrēana (genitive plural)
þrēan (dative singular)
þrēam (dative plural)
þrēa (nominative singular)
þrēa (nominative plural)
þrēa (accusative singular)
þrēa (accusative plural)
þrēa (genitive singular)
þrēa (genitive plural)
þrēa (dative singular)
þrēam (dative plural)

From Proto-West Germanic *þrau, oblique stem *þrawā-, from Proto-Germanic *þrawō. Cognate with Old High German drō, Old Norse þrá.


togian

togian (infinitive)
togienne (infinitive)
togiġe (first-person present singular)
togode (first-person past singular)
togast (present second-person singular)
togodest (past second-person singular)
togaþ (present singular third-person)
togode (past singular third-person)
togiaþ (plural present)
togodon (past plural)
togiġe (present singular)
togode (past singular)
togiġen (plural present)
togoden (past plural)
toga (imperative past present singular)
togiaþ (imperative past plural present)
togiende (imperative present)
togod (imperative past)
ġetogod (imperative past)

Middle English: toȝen, towen

English: tow

Scots: tow, toll, togh

gl

alternatively from Old Norse <i class="Latn mention" lang="non">toga</i>

Middle English: tuggen, toggen (alternatively from Old Norse toga)

English: tug

Scots: tug

⇒ Yola: thugerleen

From Proto-West Germanic *togōn, see also Old High German zogōn, Old Norse toga.


þerscan

þersċan (canonical)
þersċan (infinitive)
þersċenne (infinitive)
þersċe (first-person present singular)
þærsċ (first-person past singular)
þirsċst (present second-person singular)
þursċe (past second-person singular)
þirsċþ (present singular third-person)
þærsċ (past singular third-person)
þersċaþ (plural present)
þursċon (past plural)
þersċe (present singular)
þursċe (past singular)
þersċen (plural present)
þursċen (past plural)
þersċ (imperative past present singular)
þersċaþ (imperative past plural present)
þersċende (imperative present)
þorsċen (imperative past)
ġeþorsċen (imperative past)

desc

Middle English: threshen, thresshen, threschen, thrasshen

Scots: thresch, thrash

English: thresh, thrash

From Proto-Germanic *þreskaną, whence also Old High German dreskan (German dreschen), Dutch dorsen, Old Norse þreskja (Danish tærske), Gothic 𐌸𐍂𐌹𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌽 (þriskan). Liquid metathesis had occurred in this verb. However, it was its unmetathesized form that survived into modern English.


swelgan

swelgan (infinitive)
swelgenne (infinitive)
swelge (first-person present singular)
swealg (first-person past singular)
swealh (first-person past singular)
swilġst (present second-person singular)
swulge (past second-person singular)
swilġþ (present singular third-person)
swealg (past singular third-person)
swealh (past singular third-person)
swelgaþ (plural present)
swulgon (past plural)
swelge (present singular)
swulge (past singular)
swelgen (plural present)
swulgen (past plural)
swelg (imperative past present singular)
swelh (imperative past present singular)
swelgaþ (imperative past plural present)
swelgende (imperative present)
swolgen (imperative past)
ġeswolgen (imperative past)

Middle English: swelgen, swelgien, swelȝen, swelghen, swelwen, swolgen, swolȝen, swolwen, swalwen

English: swallow

Scots: swellie, swelly

From Proto-West Germanic *swelgan, from Proto-Germanic *swelganą. Cognate with Old High German swelhan, Old Norse svelga.


tæppe

tæppe (nominative singular)
tæppan (nominative plural)
tæppan (accusative singular)
tæppan (accusative plural)
tæppan (genitive singular)
tæppena (genitive plural)
tæppan (dative singular)
tæppum (dative plural)


tæppa

tæppa (nominative singular)
tæppan (nominative plural)
tæppan (accusative singular)
tæppan (accusative plural)
tæppan (genitive singular)
tæppena (genitive plural)
tæppan (dative singular)
tæppum (dative plural)

From Proto-West Germanic *tappō, from Proto-Germanic *tappô, whence also Old High German zapho, Old Norse tappi.
Normally prehistoric *æ was retracted to *a when followed by a geminate and back vowel. Reason for consistent failure of retraction in this word remains unknown. If the word is infrequently attested a commoner variant *tappa may well have existed, cf. hnappian alongside less common hnæppian.

Þonne þū wīn habban wille, þonne dō þū mid þīnum twām fingrum swelċe ðū tæppan of tunnan ontēon wille.

If you want wine, then make a gesture with two fingers like you're trying to pull the bung from a cask. (Techm. ii. 120, 10.)


tæppa

Middle English: tappe, tape

English: tape

Scots: tape, taip

Unknown. Related to Old Frisian tapia (“to pluck”), Middle Low German teppen (“to pluck, pick”).


wiste

first/third-person singular preterite of witan


wiste

inflection of wist:
nominative/accusative plural

inflection of wist:
accusative/genitive/dative singular


þymel

þȳmel (canonical masculine)
þȳmel (nominative singular)
þȳmelas (nominative plural)
þȳmel (accusative singular)
þȳmelas (accusative plural)
þȳmeles (genitive singular)
þȳmela (genitive plural)
þȳmele (dative singular)
þȳmelum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: thymbyll, themel, þymel, thymbyl, themyl, thymle, themelle
English: thimble
Scots: thummle, thumble


weodian

wēodian (canonical)
wēodian (infinitive)
wēodienne (infinitive)
wēodiġe (first-person present singular)
wēodode (first-person past singular)
wēodast (present second-person singular)
wēododest (past second-person singular)
wēodaþ (present singular third-person)
wēodode (past singular third-person)
wēodiaþ (plural present)
wēododon (past plural)
wēodiġe (present singular)
wēodode (past singular)
wēodiġen (plural present)
wēododen (past plural)
wēoda (imperative past present singular)
wēodiaþ (imperative past plural present)
wēodiende (imperative present)
wēodod (imperative past)
ġewēodod (imperative past)


trymman

trymman (infinitive)
trymmenne (infinitive)
trymme (first-person present singular)
trymede (first-person past singular)
trymest (present second-person singular)
trymedest (past second-person singular)
trymeþ (present singular third-person)
trymede (past singular third-person)
trymmaþ (plural present)
trymedon (past plural)
trymme (present singular)
trymede (past singular)
trymmen (plural present)
trymeden (past plural)
tryme (imperative past present singular)
trymmaþ (imperative past plural present)
trymmende (imperative present)
trymed (imperative past)
ġetrymed (imperative past)

From Proto-Germanic *trumjaną (“to make fast, strengthen”). Possibly akin to the noun þrymm.


treowe

trēowe (canonical)
trēowest (superlative)
trēowe (masculine nominative singular)
trēowu (feminine nominative singular)
trēowo (feminine nominative singular)
trēowe (neuter nominative singular)
trēowne (accusative masculine singular)
trēowe (accusative feminine singular)
trēowe (accusative neuter singular)
trēowes (genitive masculine singular)
trēowre (feminine genitive singular)
trēowes (genitive neuter singular)
trēowum (dative masculine singular)
trēowre (dative feminine singular)
trēowum (dative neuter singular)
trēowe (instrumental masculine singular)
trēowre (feminine instrumental singular)
trēowe (instrumental neuter singular)
trēowe (masculine nominative plural)
trēowa (feminine nominative plural)
trēowe (feminine nominative plural)
trēowu (neuter nominative plural)
trēowo (neuter nominative plural)
trēowe (accusative masculine plural)
trēowa (accusative feminine plural)
trēowe (accusative feminine plural)
trēowu (accusative neuter plural)
trēowo (accusative neuter plural)
trēowra (genitive masculine plural)
trēowra (feminine genitive plural)
trēowra (genitive neuter plural)
trēowum (dative masculine plural)
trēowum (dative feminine plural)
trēowum (dative neuter plural)
trēowum (instrumental masculine plural)
trēowum (feminine instrumental plural)
trēowum (instrumental neuter plural)
trēowa (masculine nominative singular)
trēowe (feminine nominative singular)
trēowe (neuter nominative singular)
trēowan (accusative masculine singular)
trēowan (accusative feminine singular)
trēowe (accusative neuter singular)
trēowan (genitive masculine singular)
trēowan (feminine genitive singular)
trēowan (genitive neuter singular)
trēowan (dative masculine singular)
trēowan (dative feminine singular)
trēowan (dative neuter singular)
trēowan (instrumental masculine singular)
trēowan (feminine instrumental singular)
trēowan (instrumental neuter singular)
trēowan (masculine nominative plural)
trēowan (feminine nominative plural)
trēowan (neuter nominative plural)
trēowan (accusative masculine plural)
trēowan (accusative feminine plural)
trēowan (accusative neuter plural)
trēowra (genitive masculine plural)
trēowena (genitive masculine plural)
trēowra (feminine genitive plural)
trēowena (feminine genitive plural)
trēowra (genitive neuter plural)
trēowena (genitive neuter plural)
trēowum (dative masculine plural)
trēowum (dative feminine plural)
trēowum (dative neuter plural)
trēowum (instrumental masculine plural)
trēowum (feminine instrumental plural)
trēowum (instrumental neuter plural)


wacu

wacu (nominative singular)
waca (nominative plural)
wace (nominative plural)
wace (accusative singular)
waca (accusative plural)
wace (accusative plural)
wace (genitive singular)
waca (genitive plural)
wace (dative singular)
wacum (dative plural)

From Proto-Germanic *wakō, related to *wakjaną, whence also Old High German wahha.


þuma

þūma (canonical masculine)
þūma (nominative singular)
þūman (nominative plural)
þūman (accusative singular)
þūman (accusative plural)
þūman (genitive singular)
þūmena (genitive plural)
þūman (dative singular)
þūmum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: thombe
English: thumb
Scots: thoum
Yola: thoome, thoume

From Proto-West Germanic *þūmō, from Proto-Germanic *þūmô.
Cognate with Old Frisian thūma (West Frisian tomme), Old Saxon thūmo (Low German Dumen or Duum), Dutch duim, Old High German dūmo (German Daumen), Danish tomme, Swedish tumme; and also with Latin tumēre (“to swell”), through the Indo-European root.


þicce

þicce (masculine nominative singular)
þiccu (feminine nominative singular)
þicco (feminine nominative singular)
þicce (neuter nominative singular)
þicne (accusative masculine singular)
þicce (accusative feminine singular)
þicce (accusative neuter singular)
þicces (genitive masculine singular)
þicre (feminine genitive singular)
þicces (genitive neuter singular)
þiccum (dative masculine singular)
þicre (dative feminine singular)
þiccum (dative neuter singular)
þicce (instrumental masculine singular)
þicre (feminine instrumental singular)
þicce (instrumental neuter singular)
þicce (masculine nominative plural)
þicca (feminine nominative plural)
þicce (feminine nominative plural)
þiccu (neuter nominative plural)
þicco (neuter nominative plural)
þicce (accusative masculine plural)
þicca (accusative feminine plural)
þicce (accusative feminine plural)
þiccu (accusative neuter plural)
þicco (accusative neuter plural)
þicra (genitive masculine plural)
þicra (feminine genitive plural)
þicra (genitive neuter plural)
þiccum (dative masculine plural)
þiccum (dative feminine plural)
þiccum (dative neuter plural)
þiccum (instrumental masculine plural)
þiccum (feminine instrumental plural)
þiccum (instrumental neuter plural)
þicca (masculine nominative singular)
þicce (feminine nominative singular)
þicce (neuter nominative singular)
þiccan (accusative masculine singular)
þiccan (accusative feminine singular)
þicce (accusative neuter singular)
þiccan (genitive masculine singular)
þiccan (feminine genitive singular)
þiccan (genitive neuter singular)
þiccan (dative masculine singular)
þiccan (dative feminine singular)
þiccan (dative neuter singular)
þiccan (instrumental masculine singular)
þiccan (feminine instrumental singular)
þiccan (instrumental neuter singular)
þiccan (masculine nominative plural)
þiccan (feminine nominative plural)
þiccan (neuter nominative plural)
þiccan (accusative masculine plural)
þiccan (accusative feminine plural)
þiccan (accusative neuter plural)
þicra (genitive masculine plural)
þiccena (genitive masculine plural)
þicra (feminine genitive plural)
þiccena (feminine genitive plural)
þicra (genitive neuter plural)
þiccena (genitive neuter plural)
þiccum (dative masculine plural)
þiccum (dative feminine plural)
þiccum (dative neuter plural)
þiccum (instrumental masculine plural)
þiccum (feminine instrumental plural)
þiccum (instrumental neuter plural)

Middle English: thikke, thicke, thik, thyke, thykke, þikke
English: thick
Scots: thik, thicke, thick

From Proto-West Germanic *þikkwī, from Proto-Germanic *þekuz, from Proto-Indo-European *tégus (“thick”).


reþe

rēþe (canonical)
rēþe (masculine nominative singular)
rēþu (feminine nominative singular)
rēþo (feminine nominative singular)
rēþe (neuter nominative singular)
rēþne (accusative masculine singular)
rēþe (accusative feminine singular)
rēþe (accusative neuter singular)
rēþes (genitive masculine singular)
rēþre (feminine genitive singular)
rēþes (genitive neuter singular)
rēþum (dative masculine singular)
rēþre (dative feminine singular)
rēþum (dative neuter singular)
rēþe (instrumental masculine singular)
rēþre (feminine instrumental singular)
rēþe (instrumental neuter singular)
rēþe (masculine nominative plural)
rēþa (feminine nominative plural)
rēþe (feminine nominative plural)
rēþu (neuter nominative plural)
rēþo (neuter nominative plural)
rēþe (accusative masculine plural)
rēþa (accusative feminine plural)
rēþe (accusative feminine plural)
rēþu (accusative neuter plural)
rēþo (accusative neuter plural)
rēþra (genitive masculine plural)
rēþra (feminine genitive plural)
rēþra (genitive neuter plural)
rēþum (dative masculine plural)
rēþum (dative feminine plural)
rēþum (dative neuter plural)
rēþum (instrumental masculine plural)
rēþum (feminine instrumental plural)
rēþum (instrumental neuter plural)
rēþa (masculine nominative singular)
rēþe (feminine nominative singular)
rēþe (neuter nominative singular)
rēþan (accusative masculine singular)
rēþan (accusative feminine singular)
rēþe (accusative neuter singular)
rēþan (genitive masculine singular)
rēþan (feminine genitive singular)
rēþan (genitive neuter singular)
rēþan (dative masculine singular)
rēþan (dative feminine singular)
rēþan (dative neuter singular)
rēþan (instrumental masculine singular)
rēþan (feminine instrumental singular)
rēþan (instrumental neuter singular)
rēþan (masculine nominative plural)
rēþan (feminine nominative plural)
rēþan (neuter nominative plural)
rēþan (accusative masculine plural)
rēþan (accusative feminine plural)
rēþan (accusative neuter plural)
rēþra (genitive masculine plural)
rēþena (genitive masculine plural)
rēþra (feminine genitive plural)
rēþena (feminine genitive plural)
rēþra (genitive neuter plural)
rēþena (genitive neuter plural)
rēþum (dative masculine plural)
rēþum (dative feminine plural)
rēþum (dative neuter plural)
rēþum (instrumental masculine plural)
rēþum (feminine instrumental plural)
rēþum (instrumental neuter plural)

Middle English: reth, reþe, rethe, reðe
English: rethe, reth, reithe, retht
Scots: reth, reithe

Uncertain. Perhaps from Proto-Germanic *rōþijaz (“wild”), from Proto-Indo-European *rey- (“to bellow, roar”).


sugan

sūgan (canonical)
sūgan (infinitive)
sūgenne (infinitive)
sūge (first-person present singular)
sēag (first-person past singular)
sēah (first-person past singular)
sȳġst (present second-person singular)
suge (past second-person singular)
sȳġþ (present singular third-person)
sēag (past singular third-person)
sēah (past singular third-person)
sūgaþ (plural present)
sugon (past plural)
sūge (present singular)
suge (past singular)
sūgen (plural present)
sugen (past plural)
sūg (imperative past present singular)
sūh (imperative past present singular)
sūgaþ (imperative past plural present)
sūgende (imperative present)
sogen (imperative past)
ġesogen (imperative past)

Middle English: sugen (partially)

From Proto-West Germanic *sūgan, from Proto-Germanic *sūganą.


sona

English: soon

From Proto-West Germanic *sānō. Related to Old Norse senn, Gothic 𐍃𐌿𐌽𐍃 (suns).

late 10th century, Ælfric, "Saint Sebastian, Martyr"
Hwæt ða nicostratus wearð swiðe afyrht þa ða he þæt wundor ge-seah on his wife gedon and feol adune sona to sebastianes fotum...

Then Nicostratus was greatly afraid, when he saw the miracle wrought on his wife, and immediately fell down at Sebastian's feet,...


wealcan

wealcan (infinitive)
wealcenne (infinitive)
wealce (first-person present singular)
wēolc (first-person past singular)
wielcst (present second-person singular)
wēolce (past second-person singular)
wielcþ (present singular third-person)
wēolc (past singular third-person)
wealcaþ (plural present)
wēolcon (past plural)
wealce (present singular)
wēolce (past singular)
wealcen (plural present)
wēolcen (past plural)
wealc (imperative past present singular)
wealcaþ (imperative past plural present)
wealcende (imperative present)
wealcen (imperative past)
ġewealcen (imperative past)

desctree

conflated with <i class="Latn mention" lang="ang">wealcian</i>

Middle English: walken, walk, walke, walkyn, wolken (conflated with wealcian)
English: walk, waulk
Scots: walk

[ˈwæ͜ɑɫ.kɑn]

From Proto-West Germanic *walkan, from Proto-Germanic *walkaną.
Cognates:
Akin to Old High German walchan, Old Norse valka, Old English ġewealcan (“to go, go about, walk”), wealcian (“to roll up, curl, twist”), weallian (“to roam about, ramble”), German wallen.

cog

to revolve in one's mind; scheme; reflect


þus

desctree

Middle English: þus, thus, thuse, þos, þous, ðus, tus, tuss, þuss (Early Middle English)
English: thus
Scots: thus

Ġif þū þone flān þus sċīetst, þū slihst þone mierċels.

If you shoot the arrow like this, you'll hit the target.

Þus wæs weorold ġesċeapen.

This is how the world was created. (Literally: "Like this was the world created.")

Ġesāwe þū ǣfre þus miċel mos?

Āscast þū simle þus fela āscunga?


wæcce

wæċċe (canonical feminine)
wæċċe (nominative singular)
wæċċan (nominative plural)
wæċċan (accusative singular)
wæċċan (accusative plural)
wæċċan (genitive singular)
wæċċena (genitive plural)
wæċċan (dative singular)
wæċċum (dative plural)

Middle English: wacche

English: watch

From the verb wæċċan, doublet of wacian. See the modern English wake.


teran

teran (infinitive)
terenne (infinitive)
tere (first-person present singular)
tær (first-person past singular)
tirest (present second-person singular)
tirst (present second-person singular)
tǣre (past second-person singular)
tireþ (present singular third-person)
tirþ (present singular third-person)
tær (past singular third-person)
teraþ (plural present)
tǣron (past plural)
tere (present singular)
tǣre (past singular)
teren (plural present)
tǣren (past plural)
ter (imperative past present singular)
teraþ (imperative past plural present)
terende (imperative present)
toren (imperative past)
ġetoren (imperative past)

Middle English: teren, teer, teere, tere, tern, teryn, teer
English: tear
Scots: tere, teir, tair

From Proto-Germanic *teraną, whence also Old Saxon teran and Old High German zeran.


wærloga

wǣrloga (canonical masculine)
wǣrloga (nominative singular)
wǣrlogan (nominative plural)
wǣrlogan (accusative singular)
wǣrlogan (accusative plural)
wǣrlogan (genitive singular)
wǣrlogena (genitive plural)
wǣrlogan (dative singular)
wǣrlogum (dative plural)

desc

Middle English: warloghe, warlowe, warloȝe

English: warlock

Scots: warlock

From wǣr (“promise, agreement”) + loga (“deceiver”).


warnian

warnian (infinitive)
warnienne (infinitive)
warniġe (first-person present singular)
warnode (first-person past singular)
warnast (present second-person singular)
warnodest (past second-person singular)
warnaþ (present singular third-person)
warnode (past singular third-person)
warniaþ (plural present)
warnodon (past plural)
warniġe (present singular)
warnode (past singular)
warniġen (plural present)
warnoden (past plural)
warna (imperative past present singular)
warniaþ (imperative past plural present)
warniende (imperative present)
warnod (imperative past)
ġewarnod (imperative past)


wandrian

wandrian (infinitive)
wandrienne (infinitive)
wandriġe (first-person present singular)
wandrode (first-person past singular)
wandrast (present second-person singular)
wandrodest (past second-person singular)
wandraþ (present singular third-person)
wandrode (past singular third-person)
wandriaþ (plural present)
wandrodon (past plural)
wandriġe (present singular)
wandrode (past singular)
wandriġen (plural present)
wandroden (past plural)
wandra (imperative past present singular)
wandriaþ (imperative past plural present)
wandriende (imperative present)
wandrod (imperative past)
ġewandrod (imperative past)

desc

Middle English: wandrien, wondrien, wandren

English: wander

Scots: wander


hrycg

hryċġ (canonical masculine)
hryċġ (nominative singular)
hryċġas (nominative plural)
hryċġ (accusative singular)
hryċġas (accusative plural)
hryċġes (genitive singular)
hryċġa (genitive plural)
hryċġe (dative singular)
hryċġum (dative plural)

Middle English: rig, rigge, rug, ryg, rygge

Scots: rig

English: ridge, rig (Northern)

From Proto-West Germanic *hrugi, from Proto-Germanic *hrugjaz. Cognate with Old High German rucki, Old Norse hryggr.


wifmann

wīfmann (canonical masculine)
wīfmann (nominative singular)
wīfmenn (nominative plural)
wīfmann (accusative singular)
wīfmenn (accusative plural)
wīfmannes (genitive singular)
wīfmanna (genitive plural)
wīfmenn (dative singular)
wīfmannum (dative plural)

Middle English: womman, wimman, wifmanne

Scots: weman, woman

English: woman

From wīf + mann, literally “female person”. Compare wǣpnedmann (“man, a male”, literally “male person”), which wīfmann was often used alongside; cf. Icelandic karlmaður and kvenmaður.


witnes

From witt (knowledge, wisdom) + -nes (-ness), akin to Old Norse vitni (whence the Danish vidne and Norwegian Bokmål vitne) and Gothic 𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍄𐍅𐍉𐌸𐍃 (weitwōþs).


wacian

wacian (infinitive)
wacienne (infinitive)
waciġe (first-person present singular)
wacode (first-person past singular)
wacast (present second-person singular)
wacodest (past second-person singular)
wacaþ (present singular third-person)
wacode (past singular third-person)
waciaþ (plural present)
wacodon (past plural)
waciġe (present singular)
wacode (past singular)
waciġen (plural present)
wacoden (past plural)
waca (imperative past present singular)
waciaþ (imperative past plural present)
waciende (imperative present)
wacod (imperative past)
ġewacod (imperative past)

Middle English: wakien

English: wake

Wacast þū?

Iċ wacode ealle þā hwīle þe þū āgān wǣre.

I stayed awake the whole time you were gone.

c. 992, Ælfric, "The Decollation of St. John the Baptist"
Ġif wē tō lange waciaþ, wē āteoriaþ.

If we stay awake for too long, we faint.

c. 990, Wessex Gospels, Mark 14:37

Then he came and found them asleep, and said to Peter, "Simon, are you asleep? Couldn't you stay awake for one hour?"

Þā cōm hē and fand hīe slǣpende, and cwæþ tō Petre, "Simon, slǣpst þū? Ne meahtest þū āne tīde wacian?"

late 10th century, Ælfric, "Saint Basilus, Bishop"
Uton belucan þas circan and loc geinseglian and ġe ealle siðþan waciað þreo niht wuniġende on gebedum and...

Let us lock up this church, and seal the lock and do ye all afterward watch three nights, continuing in prayer and...'


wacian

wācian (canonical)
wācian (infinitive)
wācienne (infinitive)
wāciġe (first-person present singular)
wācode (first-person past singular)
wācast (present second-person singular)
wācodest (past second-person singular)
wācaþ (present singular third-person)
wācode (past singular third-person)
wāciaþ (plural present)
wācodon (past plural)
wāciġe (present singular)
wācode (past singular)
wāciġen (plural present)
wācoden (past plural)
wāca (imperative past present singular)
wāciaþ (imperative past plural present)
wāciende (imperative present)
wācod (imperative past)
ġewācod (imperative past)

Middle English: woken

to lose one's riches; to end up in poverty


wagian

wagian (infinitive)
wagienne (infinitive)
wagiġe (first-person present singular)
wagode (first-person past singular)
wagast (present second-person singular)
wagodest (past second-person singular)
wagaþ (present singular third-person)
wagode (past singular third-person)
wagiaþ (plural present)
wagodon (past plural)
wagiġe (present singular)
wagode (past singular)
wagiġen (plural present)
wagoden (past plural)
waga (imperative past present singular)
wagiaþ (imperative past plural present)
wagiende (imperative present)
wagod (imperative past)
ġewagod (imperative past)

desctree

Middle English: wawen, wawyn, waȝien, waȝeȝen, wagien, wawien, wawie, wawi, wawe
English: waw
Scots: waw

Middle English: waggen
English: wag

From Proto-West Germanic *wagōn, from Proto-Germanic *wagōną. Cognate with Old High German wagōn, Old Norse vaga.