mæd

mǣd (canonical feminine)
mǣdwa (nominative plural)
mǣd (nominative singular)
mǣdwa (nominative plural)
mǣdwe (nominative plural)
mǣdwe (accusative singular)
mǣdwa (accusative plural)
mǣdwe (accusative plural)
mǣdwe (genitive singular)
mǣdwa (genitive plural)
mǣdwe (dative singular)
mǣdwum (dative plural)

Middle English: mede, medwe

English: mead, meadow

Scots: meeda

Yola: mead

Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *mādu, from Proto-Germanic *mēdwō.


lædan

lǣdan (canonical)
lǣdan (infinitive)
lǣdenne (infinitive)
lǣde (first-person present singular)
lǣdde (first-person past singular)
lǣdest (present second-person singular)
lǣtst (present second-person singular)
lǣddest (past second-person singular)
lǣdeþ (present singular third-person)
lǣtt (present singular third-person)
lǣt (present singular third-person)
lǣdde (past singular third-person)
lǣdaþ (plural present)
lǣddon (past plural)
lǣde (present singular)
lǣdde (past singular)
lǣden (plural present)
lǣdden (past plural)
lǣd (imperative past present singular)
lǣdaþ (imperative past plural present)
lǣdende (imperative present)
lǣded (imperative past)
ġelǣded (imperative past)

Middle English: leden

Scots: lede, leid

English: lead

From Proto-West Germanic *laidijan, from Proto-Germanic *laidijaną, causative of *līþaną (“to go, depart, travel”), from Proto-Indo-European *leyt- (“to leave, depart, die”). Cognate with Old Frisian lēda, Old Saxon lēdian, Old High German leiten, Old Norse leiða.


glidan

glīdan (canonical)
glīdan (infinitive)
glīdenne (infinitive)
glīde (first-person present singular)
glād (first-person past singular)
glītst (present second-person singular)
glide (past second-person singular)
glītt (present singular third-person)
glīt (present singular third-person)
glād (past singular third-person)
glīdaþ (plural present)
glidon (past plural)
glīde (present singular)
glide (past singular)
glīden (plural present)
gliden (past plural)
glīd (imperative past present singular)
glīdaþ (imperative past plural present)
glīdende (imperative present)
gliden (imperative past)
ġegliden (imperative past)

Middle English: gliden

Scots: glyde, glide

English: glide

From Proto-West Germanic *glīdan, from Proto-Germanic *glīdaną (“to glide, slide”).


macian

macian (infinitive)
macienne (infinitive)
maciġe (first-person present singular)
macode (first-person past singular)
macast (present second-person singular)
macodest (past second-person singular)
macaþ (present singular third-person)
macode (past singular third-person)
maciaþ (plural present)
macodon (past plural)
maciġe (present singular)
macode (past singular)
maciġen (plural present)
macoden (past plural)
maca (imperative past present singular)
maciaþ (imperative past plural present)
maciende (imperative present)
macod (imperative past)
ġemacod (imperative past)

desctree

Middle English: maken, macke, mak, make, maki, makiȝe, makye, makyn, macen, machiæ, macian, makian, makie, makien, makiȝen, makyȝe (Early Middle English)
English: make
Geordie English: myek
Scots: mak
Yola: maake, maak

late 10th century, Ælfric, "Memory of the Saints"
Heo macað reaflac and unrihte domas stala and leasunga and forsworennyssa. Heo is helle ġelic forðan þe hi habbað butu unafylledlice grædignysse þæt hi fulle ne beoð næfre.

...it causeth rapine, and unrighteous judgements, thefts, and leasings, and perjuries. It is like unto hell, because they both have insatiable greediness, so that they can never be full.

late 10th century, Ælfric, "The Seven Sleepers"
...and þam bisceope marine and þām yldestan mannum be endebyrdnysse rehton hu hi hit macedon on decius caseres tīman...

..and related in order to the bishop Marinus and to the chiefest men how they had acted in the time of Decius the emperor...'

late 10th century, Ælfric, "The Seven Sleepers"
...ac ic þurh nan þincg ongytan ne mæg hu me sy þus gelumpen þæt ic hit þus macige.

...but I cannot at all understand how it has thus happened to me that I act thus.'

late 10th century, Ælfric, "Memory of the Saints"
Se feorða leahtor is ira þæt is on englisc weamodnyss. Seo deð þæt se man nah his modes ġeweald and macað manslihtas and mycele yfelu.

The fourth sin is Ira, that is in English, Anger; it causeth that a man have no power over his mind, and bringeth about manslaughters and many evils.


losian

losian (infinitive)
losienne (infinitive)
losiġe (first-person present singular)
losode (first-person past singular)
losast (present second-person singular)
losodest (past second-person singular)
losaþ (present singular third-person)
losode (past singular third-person)
losiaþ (plural present)
losodon (past plural)
losiġe (present singular)
losode (past singular)
losiġen (plural present)
losoden (past plural)
losa (imperative past present singular)
losiaþ (imperative past plural present)
losiende (imperative present)
losod (imperative past)
ġelosod (imperative past)

Middle English: losien, losen

English: lose

Scots: los, lois, lose

(intransitive) to die; perish; be destroyed

(intransitive, of inanimate things) to come to nothing; decay


mearcian

mearcian (infinitive)
mearcienne (infinitive)
mearciġe (first-person present singular)
mearcode (first-person past singular)
mearcast (present second-person singular)
mearcodest (past second-person singular)
mearcaþ (present singular third-person)
mearcode (past singular third-person)
mearciaþ (plural present)
mearcodon (past plural)
mearciġe (present singular)
mearcode (past singular)
mearciġen (plural present)
mearcoden (past plural)
mearca (imperative past present singular)
mearciaþ (imperative past plural present)
mearciende (imperative present)
mearcod (imperative past)
ġemearcod (imperative past)

Middle English: marken

English: mark

From Proto-West Germanic *markōn, from Proto-Germanic *markōną, from *markō (“a mark”).
Cognate with Old Frisian merkia (“to notice”), Old Saxon markon (“to design”), Old High German marchon (“to limit”) (German merken (“to put a mark on”)), Old Norse marka (“put a mark on, observe”).


myrgþ

myrgþ (nominative singular)
myrgþa (nominative plural)
myrgþe (nominative plural)
myrgþe (accusative singular)
myrgþa (accusative plural)
myrgþe (accusative plural)
myrgþe (genitive singular)
myrgþa (genitive plural)
myrgþe (dative singular)
myrgþum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: myrthe, merth, merthe, merþe, mirthe, mirth, murhthe, murþe, myrth, myrþe, merhð, mirhð, mureȝþ, murehþ, murcð, murȝþ, murhd, murhð, muruhð (Early Middle English)
English: mirth
Scots: mirth

Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *murgiþu (“briefness, brevity”); equivalent to myriġe (“merry”) + -þ (“-th, -ness”)


lician

līcian (canonical)
līcian (infinitive)
līcienne (infinitive)
līciġe (first-person present singular)
līcode (first-person past singular)
līcast (present second-person singular)
līcodest (past second-person singular)
līcaþ (present singular third-person)
līcode (past singular third-person)
līciaþ (plural present)
līcodon (past plural)
līciġe (present singular)
līcode (past singular)
līciġen (plural present)
līcoden (past plural)
līca (imperative past present singular)
līciaþ (imperative past plural present)
līciende (imperative present)
līcod (imperative past)
ġelīcod (imperative past)

desctree

Middle English: liken, likin, likien, licen, licien (Early Middle English)
English: like
Scots: like
Yola: lick, licke, lik

From Proto-West Germanic *līkēn, from Proto-Germanic *līkāną.

Is þæt for þon þe ūs eallum þū swā wel līcast?

Is that because we all like you so much?

Ne līciaþ mē weras mid swā miċelum earmum. Mē ofþyncþ.

I don't like men with such big arms. I'm sorry.

to like (impersonal, with dative subject)


laþian

laþian (infinitive)
laþienne (infinitive)
laþiġe (first-person present singular)
laþode (first-person past singular)
laþast (present second-person singular)
laþodest (past second-person singular)
laþaþ (present singular third-person)
laþode (past singular third-person)
laþiaþ (plural present)
laþodon (past plural)
laþiġe (present singular)
laþode (past singular)
laþiġen (plural present)
laþoden (past plural)
laþa (imperative past present singular)
laþiaþ (imperative past plural present)
laþiende (imperative present)
laþod (imperative past)
ġelaþod (imperative past)

Middle English: lathen

English: lathe, laith

From Proto-Germanic *laþōną.
Cognate with Old Frisian lathia, Old Saxon laðon, Old High German ladōn, Old Norse laða, Gothic 𐌻𐌰𐌸𐍉𐌽 (laþōn). Equivalent to *laþu + -ian.


laþian

lāþian (canonical)
lāþian (infinitive)
lāþienne (infinitive)
lāþiġe (first-person present singular)
lāþode (first-person past singular)
lāþast (present second-person singular)
lāþodest (past second-person singular)
lāþaþ (present singular third-person)
lāþode (past singular third-person)
lāþiaþ (plural present)
lāþodon (past plural)
lāþiġe (present singular)
lāþode (past singular)
lāþiġen (plural present)
lāþoden (past plural)
lāþa (imperative past present singular)
lāþiaþ (imperative past plural present)
lāþiende (imperative present)
lāþod (imperative past)
ġelāþod (imperative past)

Middle English: lothe

English: loathe

From Proto-Germanic *laiþōną. Equivalent to lāþ + -ian.


læn

lǣn (canonical neuter)
lǣn (nominative singular)
lǣn (nominative plural)
lǣn (accusative singular)
lǣn (accusative plural)
lǣnes (genitive singular)
lǣna (genitive plural)
lǣne (dative singular)
lǣnum (dative plural)


lucan

lūcan (canonical)
lūcan (infinitive)
lūcenne (infinitive)
lūce (first-person present singular)
lēac (first-person past singular)
lȳcst (present second-person singular)
luce (past second-person singular)
lȳcþ (present singular third-person)
lēac (past singular third-person)
lūcaþ (plural present)
lucon (past plural)
lūce (present singular)
luce (past singular)
lūcen (plural present)
lucen (past plural)
lūc (imperative past present singular)
lūcaþ (imperative past plural present)
lūcende (imperative present)
locen (imperative past)
ġelocen (imperative past)

Middle English: luken, louken

English: lock

Scots: louk, lowk

From Proto-West Germanic *lūkan, from Proto-Germanic *lūkaną.


lucan

Middle English: louken

English: louk, look (“to weed”) (dialectal)

From Proto-West Germanic *leukan, from Proto-Germanic *leukaną.


murnan

murnan (infinitive)
murnenne (infinitive)
murne (first-person present singular)
mearn (first-person past singular)
murnde (first-person past singular)
myrnst (present second-person singular)
murnest (present second-person singular)
murnst (present second-person singular)
murne (past second-person singular)
murndest (past second-person singular)
myrnþ (present singular third-person)
murneþ (present singular third-person)
murnþ (present singular third-person)
mearn (past singular third-person)
murnde (past singular third-person)
murnaþ (plural present)
murnon (past plural)
murndon (past plural)
murne (present singular)
murne (past singular)
murnde (past singular)
murnen (plural present)
murnen (past plural)
murnden (past plural)
murn (imperative past present singular)
murnaþ (imperative past plural present)
murnende (imperative present)
mornen (imperative past)
ġemornen (imperative past)
murned (imperative past)
ġemurned (imperative past)

Middle English: mournen, mornen, murnen

Scots: murne, murn

English: mourn

From Proto-Germanic *murnaną. Cognate with Old Saxon mornan, Old High German mornēn, Old Norse morna, Gothic 𐌼𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌰𐌽 (maurnan).


liþe

ang-adj

līþe (comparative līþra, superlative līþost)

līþe (canonical)
līþra (comparative)
līþost (superlative)
līþe (masculine nominative singular)
līþu (feminine nominative singular)
līþo (feminine nominative singular)
līþe (neuter nominative singular)
līþne (accusative masculine singular)
līþe (accusative feminine singular)
līþe (accusative neuter singular)
līþes (genitive masculine singular)
līþre (feminine genitive singular)
līþes (genitive neuter singular)
līþum (dative masculine singular)
līþre (dative feminine singular)
līþum (dative neuter singular)
līþe (instrumental masculine singular)
līþre (feminine instrumental singular)
līþe (instrumental neuter singular)
līþe (masculine nominative plural)
līþa (feminine nominative plural)
līþe (feminine nominative plural)
līþu (neuter nominative plural)
līþo (neuter nominative plural)
līþe (accusative masculine plural)
līþa (accusative feminine plural)
līþe (accusative feminine plural)
līþu (accusative neuter plural)
līþo (accusative neuter plural)
līþra (genitive masculine plural)
līþra (feminine genitive plural)
līþra (genitive neuter plural)
līþum (dative masculine plural)
līþum (dative feminine plural)
līþum (dative neuter plural)
līþum (instrumental masculine plural)
līþum (feminine instrumental plural)
līþum (instrumental neuter plural)
līþa (masculine nominative singular)
līþe (feminine nominative singular)
līþe (neuter nominative singular)
līþan (accusative masculine singular)
līþan (accusative feminine singular)
līþe (accusative neuter singular)
līþan (genitive masculine singular)
līþan (feminine genitive singular)
līþan (genitive neuter singular)
līþan (dative masculine singular)
līþan (dative feminine singular)
līþan (dative neuter singular)
līþan (instrumental masculine singular)
līþan (feminine instrumental singular)
līþan (instrumental neuter singular)
līþan (masculine nominative plural)
līþan (feminine nominative plural)
līþan (neuter nominative plural)
līþan (accusative masculine plural)
līþan (accusative feminine plural)
līþan (accusative neuter plural)
līþra (genitive masculine plural)
līþena (genitive masculine plural)
līþra (feminine genitive plural)
līþena (feminine genitive plural)
līþra (genitive neuter plural)
līþena (genitive neuter plural)
līþum (dative masculine plural)
līþum (dative feminine plural)
līþum (dative neuter plural)
līþum (instrumental masculine plural)
līþum (feminine instrumental plural)
līþum (instrumental neuter plural)

Middle English: lithe, lythe

English: lithe

Scots: lythe, lyth

From Proto-West Germanic *linþ(ī), from Proto-Germanic *linþaz.


lencten

lencten (nominative singular)
lenctenas (nominative plural)
lencten (accusative singular)
lenctenas (accusative plural)
lenctenes (genitive singular)
lenctena (genitive plural)
lenctene (dative singular)
lenctenum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: lenten, leinten, lentren, lente, leinte
English: Lent, Lenten
Scots: Lentrin, Lentern


mylen

mylen (nominative singular)
mylnas (nominative plural)
mylen (accusative singular)
mylnas (accusative plural)
mylnes (genitive singular)
mylna (genitive plural)
mylne (dative singular)
mylnum (dative plural)
mylen (nominative singular)
mylna (nominative plural)
mylne (nominative plural)
mylne (accusative singular)
mylna (accusative plural)
mylne (accusative plural)
mylne (genitive singular)
mylna (genitive plural)
mylne (dative singular)
mylnum (dative plural)

Middle English: mylne, mele, melle, mille, miln, milne, myle, mylene, mylle, myln, molle, mule, mulle, mulne (Southern)
English: mill
Sranan Tongo: miri
→ Hindi: मिल (mil)
Scots: mill, mull
Yola: mile

late 10th century, Ælfric, Lives of Saints
Sume menn syllaþ ēac ċyrċan to hȳre swāswā wāclīċe mylna...

Some men also sell churches for hire as if they were mills of little worth...


liehtan

līehtan (canonical)
līehtan (infinitive)
līehtenne (infinitive)
līehte (first-person present singular)
līehte (first-person past singular)
līehtest (present second-person singular)
līehst (present second-person singular)
līehtst (present second-person singular)
līehtest (past second-person singular)
līehteþ (present singular third-person)
līeht (present singular third-person)
līehte (past singular third-person)
līehtaþ (plural present)
līehton (past plural)
līehte (present singular)
līehte (past singular)
līehten (plural present)
līehten (past plural)
līeht (imperative past present singular)
līehtaþ (imperative past plural present)
līehtende (imperative present)
līehted (imperative past)
ġelīehted (imperative past)

Middle English: lihten, lighten

English: light

Scots: licht

From Proto-West Germanic *liuhtijan, from Proto-Germanic *liuhtijaną, from the Proto-Indo-European *lewk- (“to shine, bright, to see”). Cognate with Old High German liuhten (German leuchten).


liehtan

Middle English: lihten, liȝten, lighten

English: light

Scots: licht

From Proto-West Germanic *lį̄htijan, from Proto-Germanic *linhtijaną. Cognate with Old Frisian lichta, Old High German līhten, Old Norse létta.

to make light or easy, lighten, alleviate, relieve of burden


mæne

mǣne (canonical)
mǣne (masculine nominative singular)
mǣnu (feminine nominative singular)
mǣno (feminine nominative singular)
mǣne (neuter nominative singular)
mǣnne (accusative masculine singular)
mǣne (accusative feminine singular)
mǣne (accusative neuter singular)
mǣnes (genitive masculine singular)
mǣnre (feminine genitive singular)
mǣnes (genitive neuter singular)
mǣnum (dative masculine singular)
mǣnre (dative feminine singular)
mǣnum (dative neuter singular)
mǣne (instrumental masculine singular)
mǣnre (feminine instrumental singular)
mǣne (instrumental neuter singular)
mǣne (masculine nominative plural)
mǣna (feminine nominative plural)
mǣne (feminine nominative plural)
mǣnu (neuter nominative plural)
mǣno (neuter nominative plural)
mǣne (accusative masculine plural)
mǣna (accusative feminine plural)
mǣne (accusative feminine plural)
mǣnu (accusative neuter plural)
mǣno (accusative neuter plural)
mǣnra (genitive masculine plural)
mǣnra (feminine genitive plural)
mǣnra (genitive neuter plural)
mǣnum (dative masculine plural)
mǣnum (dative feminine plural)
mǣnum (dative neuter plural)
mǣnum (instrumental masculine plural)
mǣnum (feminine instrumental plural)
mǣnum (instrumental neuter plural)
mǣna (masculine nominative singular)
mǣne (feminine nominative singular)
mǣne (neuter nominative singular)
mǣnan (accusative masculine singular)
mǣnan (accusative feminine singular)
mǣne (accusative neuter singular)
mǣnan (genitive masculine singular)
mǣnan (feminine genitive singular)
mǣnan (genitive neuter singular)
mǣnan (dative masculine singular)
mǣnan (dative feminine singular)
mǣnan (dative neuter singular)
mǣnan (instrumental masculine singular)
mǣnan (feminine instrumental singular)
mǣnan (instrumental neuter singular)
mǣnan (masculine nominative plural)
mǣnan (feminine nominative plural)
mǣnan (neuter nominative plural)
mǣnan (accusative masculine plural)
mǣnan (accusative feminine plural)
mǣnan (accusative neuter plural)
mǣnra (genitive masculine plural)
mǣnena (genitive masculine plural)
mǣnra (feminine genitive plural)
mǣnena (feminine genitive plural)
mǣnra (genitive neuter plural)
mǣnena (genitive neuter plural)
mǣnum (dative masculine plural)
mǣnum (dative feminine plural)
mǣnum (dative neuter plural)
mǣnum (instrumental masculine plural)
mǣnum (feminine instrumental plural)
mǣnum (instrumental neuter plural)

Middle English: mene

English: mean

Scots: mene, mein


hyngran

hyngran (infinitive)
hyngrenne (infinitive)
hyngre (first-person present singular)
hyngrede (first-person past singular)
hyngrest (present second-person singular)
hyngredest (past second-person singular)
hyngreþ (present singular third-person)
hyngrede (past singular third-person)
hyngraþ (plural present)
hyngredon (past plural)
hyngre (present singular)
hyngrede (past singular)
hyngren (plural present)
hyngreden (past plural)
hyngre (imperative past present singular)
hyngraþ (imperative past plural present)
hyngrende (imperative present)
hyngred (imperative past)
ġehyngred (imperative past)

desc

Middle English: hungren, hingren, hengren

English: hunger

Scots: hunger

From Proto-West Germanic *hungrijan, from Proto-Germanic *hungrijaną. Cognate with Old Saxon hungrian, Old High German hungiren, Gothic 𐌷𐌿𐌲𐌲𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌽 (huggrjan).

Mē hyngreþ. Is hēr āwiht lā tō etenne?

I'm hungry. Is there anything to eat around here?

Hwæs hyngreþ þē?

to be hungry (+ genitive = for something) (often impersonal, with dative or accusative of person)


miht

miht (nominative singular)
mihte (nominative plural)
mihta (nominative plural)
miht (accusative singular)
mihte (accusative singular)
mihte (accusative plural)
mihta (accusative plural)
mihte (genitive singular)
mihta (genitive plural)
mihte (dative singular)
mihtum (dative plural)

Middle English: myght, maught, myghte, might

Scots: maucht, micht

English: might

From Proto-West Germanic *mahti, from Proto-Germanic *mahtiz, *mahtuz (“might, power”), from Proto-Indo-European *mógʰtis, *megʰ- (“to allow, be able, help”). Cognates include Old Frisian macht, mecht (West Frisian macht), Middle Dutch macht (Dutch macht), Old High German maht (German Macht), Old Norse máttr (Icelandic máttur), Gothic 𐌼𐌰𐌷𐍄𐍃 (mahts).

c. 992, Ælfric, "The Passion of the Apostles Peter and Paul"
Nero cwæð, "Ne ondrætst ðu ðe, Petrus, Simones mihta, ðe mid wundrum his godcundnysse geswutelað?"

Nero said, "Fearest thou not, Peter, the powers of Simon, who manifests to thee his divinity by miracles?"

c. 992, Ælfric, "The Assumption of St. John the Apostle"
Iohannes þa gegaderode ðæra gymstana bricas, and beseah to heofonum, þus cweðende, "Drihten Hælend, nis ðe nan ðing earfoðe; þu ge-edstaðelodest ðisne tobrocenan middangeard on þinum geleaffullum, þurh tácen þære halgan rode; ge-edstaðela nu þas deorwurðan gymstanas, ðurh ðinra engla handa, þæt ðas nytenan menn þine mihta oncnáwon, and on þe gelyfon."

John then gathered the fragments of the jewels, and looked to heaven, thus saying, "Lord Jesus, to thee no thing is difficult; thou didst restore this crushed world for thy faithful, through sign of the holy rood; restore now these precious gems, by thy angels' hands, that these ignorant men may acknowledge thy powers, and in thee believe."

late 10th century, Ælfric, "Memory of the Saints"
Seo seofoðe miht is seo soðe lufu to gode þæt we on godum weorcum godes lufe cepon...

The seventh Virtue is true Love to God, that we in good works seek after God's love...


foda

fōda (canonical masculine)
fōda (nominative singular)
fōdan (nominative plural)
fōdan (accusative singular)
fōdan (accusative plural)
fōdan (genitive singular)
fōdena (genitive plural)
fōdan (dative singular)
fōdum (dative plural)

Middle English: fode, fude

English: food

Scots: fuid, fude

From Proto-Germanic *fōdô, from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂-. Cognate with Old Norse fœða (Danish føde, Swedish föda, Icelandic fæða).

c. 992, Ælfric, "Sermon on the Nativiity of Our Lord"
Þā ġeseah hēo þæt cild licgan on binne, ðǣr sē oxa and sē assa ġewunelīce fōdan sēcað.

Then saw she the child lying in the bin, where the ox and the ass usually seek food.


hreow

hrēow (canonical feminine)
hrēow (nominative singular)
hrēowa (nominative plural)
hrēowe (nominative plural)
hrēowe (accusative singular)
hrēowa (accusative plural)
hrēowe (accusative plural)
hrēowe (genitive singular)
hrēowa (genitive plural)
hrēowe (dative singular)
hrēowum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: rewe
English: rue (archaic)
Scots: rew, rue


hreow

hrēow (canonical)
hrēow (masculine nominative singular)
hrēow (feminine nominative singular)
hrēow (neuter nominative singular)
hrēowne (accusative masculine singular)
hrēowe (accusative feminine singular)
hrēow (accusative neuter singular)
hrēowes (genitive masculine singular)
hrēowre (feminine genitive singular)
hrēowes (genitive neuter singular)
hrēowum (dative masculine singular)
hrēowre (dative feminine singular)
hrēowum (dative neuter singular)
hrēowe (instrumental masculine singular)
hrēowre (feminine instrumental singular)
hrēowe (instrumental neuter singular)
hrēowe (masculine nominative plural)
hrēowa (feminine nominative plural)
hrēowe (feminine nominative plural)
hrēow (neuter nominative plural)
hrēowe (accusative masculine plural)
hrēowa (accusative feminine plural)
hrēowe (accusative feminine plural)
hrēow (accusative neuter plural)
hrēowra (genitive masculine plural)
hrēowra (feminine genitive plural)
hrēowra (genitive neuter plural)
hrēowum (dative masculine plural)
hrēowum (dative feminine plural)
hrēowum (dative neuter plural)
hrēowum (instrumental masculine plural)
hrēowum (feminine instrumental plural)
hrēowum (instrumental neuter plural)
hrēowa (masculine nominative singular)
hrēowe (feminine nominative singular)
hrēowe (neuter nominative singular)
hrēowan (accusative masculine singular)
hrēowan (accusative feminine singular)
hrēowe (accusative neuter singular)
hrēowan (genitive masculine singular)
hrēowan (feminine genitive singular)
hrēowan (genitive neuter singular)
hrēowan (dative masculine singular)
hrēowan (dative feminine singular)
hrēowan (dative neuter singular)
hrēowan (instrumental masculine singular)
hrēowan (feminine instrumental singular)
hrēowan (instrumental neuter singular)
hrēowan (masculine nominative plural)
hrēowan (feminine nominative plural)
hrēowan (neuter nominative plural)
hrēowan (accusative masculine plural)
hrēowan (accusative feminine plural)
hrēowan (accusative neuter plural)
hrēowra (genitive masculine plural)
hrēowena (genitive masculine plural)
hrēowra (feminine genitive plural)
hrēowena (feminine genitive plural)
hrēowra (genitive neuter plural)
hrēowena (genitive neuter plural)
hrēowum (dative masculine plural)
hrēowum (dative feminine plural)
hrēowum (dative neuter plural)
hrēowum (instrumental masculine plural)
hrēowum (feminine instrumental plural)
hrēowum (instrumental neuter plural)


langian

langian (infinitive)
langienne (infinitive)
langiġe (first-person present singular)
langode (first-person past singular)
langast (present second-person singular)
langodest (past second-person singular)
langaþ (present singular third-person)
langode (past singular third-person)
langiaþ (plural present)
langodon (past plural)
langiġe (present singular)
langode (past singular)
langiġen (plural present)
langoden (past plural)
langa (imperative past present singular)
langiaþ (imperative past plural present)
langiende (imperative present)
langod (imperative past)
ġelangod (imperative past)

Middle English: longen
English: long

From Proto-West Germanic *langōn, from Proto-Germanic *langōną (“to grow long, seem long, yearn”). Equivalent to lang + -ian.

inh

c. 994, Ælfric, On the Seasons of the Year
Þonne sē dæġ langaþ, þonne gǣþ sēo sunne norðweard oþ þæt hēo becymþ tō þām tācne þe is ġehāten cancer.
As the days grow longer (lit. "the day grows longer"), the sun moves northwards until it reaches the sign that is called Cancer (ōðre naman on þis ġeþēode crabba, ac þæs swīgaþ hēr Ælfrīċ).

Blickling Homilies, "Holy Thursday"
Þā ongann hine eft langian on his cyþþe.

Then he began to long for his homeland again.

(impersonal) (with accusative subject) to long or grieve


hwa

hwā (canonical)
hwā (feminine masculine nominative)
hwæt (neuter nominative)
hwone (accusative feminine masculine)
hwæt (accusative neuter)
hwæs (feminine genitive masculine)
hwæs (genitive neuter)
hwām (dative feminine masculine)
hwǣm (dative feminine masculine)
hwām (dative neuter)
hwǣm (dative neuter)
hwȳ (feminine instrumental masculine)
hwon (feminine instrumental masculine)
hwȳ (instrumental neuter)
hwon (instrumental neuter)

desctree

Middle English: who, ȝwo, ho, hoo, huo, quo, qwo, qwho, whoo, wo, woo, qua, wha, hwa, hwo, hwoa
English: who
Geordie English: whe
Scots: wha
Yola: fho, fo, vo

c. 990, Wessex Gospels, John 5:13

The person who was healed didn't know who it was: Jesus had withdrawn from the crowd.

Sē þe þǣr ġehǣled wæs nysse hwā hit wæs: sē Hǣlend sōðlīċe bēag fram þǣre ġaderunge.


myrige

myriġe (canonical)
myriġe (masculine nominative singular)
myriġu (feminine nominative singular)
myriġo (feminine nominative singular)
myriġe (neuter nominative singular)
myriġne (accusative masculine singular)
myriġe (accusative feminine singular)
myriġe (accusative neuter singular)
myriġes (genitive masculine singular)
myriġre (feminine genitive singular)
myriġes (genitive neuter singular)
myriġum (dative masculine singular)
myriġre (dative feminine singular)
myriġum (dative neuter singular)
myriġe (instrumental masculine singular)
myriġre (feminine instrumental singular)
myriġe (instrumental neuter singular)
myriġe (masculine nominative plural)
myriġa (feminine nominative plural)
myriġe (feminine nominative plural)
myriġu (neuter nominative plural)
myriġo (neuter nominative plural)
myriġe (accusative masculine plural)
myriġa (accusative feminine plural)
myriġe (accusative feminine plural)
myriġu (accusative neuter plural)
myriġo (accusative neuter plural)
myriġra (genitive masculine plural)
myriġra (feminine genitive plural)
myriġra (genitive neuter plural)
myriġum (dative masculine plural)
myriġum (dative feminine plural)
myriġum (dative neuter plural)
myriġum (instrumental masculine plural)
myriġum (feminine instrumental plural)
myriġum (instrumental neuter plural)
myriġa (masculine nominative singular)
myriġe (feminine nominative singular)
myriġe (neuter nominative singular)
myriġan (accusative masculine singular)
myriġan (accusative feminine singular)
myriġe (accusative neuter singular)
myriġan (genitive masculine singular)
myriġan (feminine genitive singular)
myriġan (genitive neuter singular)
myriġan (dative masculine singular)
myriġan (dative feminine singular)
myriġan (dative neuter singular)
myriġan (instrumental masculine singular)
myriġan (feminine instrumental singular)
myriġan (instrumental neuter singular)
myriġan (masculine nominative plural)
myriġan (feminine nominative plural)
myriġan (neuter nominative plural)
myriġan (accusative masculine plural)
myriġan (accusative feminine plural)
myriġan (accusative neuter plural)
myriġra (genitive masculine plural)
myriġena (genitive masculine plural)
myriġra (feminine genitive plural)
myriġena (feminine genitive plural)
myriġra (genitive neuter plural)
myriġena (genitive neuter plural)
myriġum (dative masculine plural)
myriġum (dative feminine plural)
myriġum (dative neuter plural)
myriġum (instrumental masculine plural)
myriġum (feminine instrumental plural)
myriġum (instrumental neuter plural)


næfre

Middle English: nevere, never, nevre, nefere, newere, navere, navre
English: never
Northumbrian: nivver
Scots: nivver
Yola: near, naar, neer, n'eer, ne'er, ne're, neveare

late 10th century, Ælfric, "Saint Maur, Abbot"
...and hēt hine warnian, ġif he wolde libban, þæt hē nǣre on ðām mynstre nǣfre eft ġesewen...

...and gave orders to warn him, if he wished to live, that he should never be seen in the monastery again...


ded

dēd (canonical feminine)
dēd (nominative singular)
dēde (nominative plural)
dēda (nominative plural)
dēd (accusative singular)
dēde (accusative singular)
dēde (accusative plural)
dēda (accusative plural)
dēde (genitive singular)
dēda (genitive plural)
dēde (dative singular)
dēdum (dative plural)


læce

lǣċe (canonical masculine)
lǣċe (nominative singular)
lǣċas (nominative plural)
lǣċe (accusative singular)
lǣċas (accusative plural)
lǣċes (genitive singular)
lǣċa (genitive plural)
lǣċe (dative singular)
lǣċum (dative plural)

Middle English: leche

English: leech (archaic)

From Proto-West Germanic *lākī, from Proto-Germanic *lēkijaz. Cognate with Old Frisian lētza, Old Saxon lāki, Old High German lāhhi, Old Norse *lækir, Gothic 𐌻𐌴𐌺𐌴𐌹𐍃 (lēkeis).

late 9th century, King Alfred's translation of Boethius' The Consolation of Philosophy
Hine man sċeal lǣdan tō þām lǣċe.


læce

Middle English: leche

English: leech

Probably assimilated to Etymology 1 above, by popular etymology, though its use probably predated the term for a doctor.
Of uncertain ultimate origin, but possibly from a Germanic base meaning "to pluck, tear" (compare Old High German liochan (“to tear”)), evolving into "suck," ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *lewǵ- (“to break, tear”), see also Ancient Greek λευγαλέος (leugaléos), λυγρός (lugrós), Sanskrit रुजति (rujati, “to break open, shatter, injure, cause pain”), Latvian lauzt (“to break, fracture”).
Cognate with Middle Dutch lake, leke (modern Dutch laak).


mycel

myċel (canonical)
myċel (masculine nominative singular)
myċel (feminine nominative singular)
myċel (neuter nominative singular)
myċelne (accusative masculine singular)
myċele (accusative feminine singular)
myċel (accusative neuter singular)
myċeles (genitive masculine singular)
myċelre (feminine genitive singular)
myċeles (genitive neuter singular)
myċelum (dative masculine singular)
myċelre (dative feminine singular)
myċelum (dative neuter singular)
myċele (instrumental masculine singular)
myċelre (feminine instrumental singular)
myċele (instrumental neuter singular)
myċele (masculine nominative plural)
myċela (feminine nominative plural)
myċele (feminine nominative plural)
myċel (neuter nominative plural)
myċele (accusative masculine plural)
myċela (accusative feminine plural)
myċele (accusative feminine plural)
myċel (accusative neuter plural)
myċelra (genitive masculine plural)
myċelra (feminine genitive plural)
myċelra (genitive neuter plural)
myċelum (dative masculine plural)
myċelum (dative feminine plural)
myċelum (dative neuter plural)
myċelum (instrumental masculine plural)
myċelum (feminine instrumental plural)
myċelum (instrumental neuter plural)
myċela (masculine nominative singular)
myċele (feminine nominative singular)
myċele (neuter nominative singular)
myċelan (accusative masculine singular)
myċelan (accusative feminine singular)
myċele (accusative neuter singular)
myċelan (genitive masculine singular)
myċelan (feminine genitive singular)
myċelan (genitive neuter singular)
myċelan (dative masculine singular)
myċelan (dative feminine singular)
myċelan (dative neuter singular)
myċelan (instrumental masculine singular)
myċelan (feminine instrumental singular)
myċelan (instrumental neuter singular)
myċelan (masculine nominative plural)
myċelan (feminine nominative plural)
myċelan (neuter nominative plural)
myċelan (accusative masculine plural)
myċelan (accusative feminine plural)
myċelan (accusative neuter plural)
myċelra (genitive masculine plural)
myċelena (genitive masculine plural)
myċelra (feminine genitive plural)
myċelena (feminine genitive plural)
myċelra (genitive neuter plural)
myċelena (genitive neuter plural)
myċelum (dative masculine plural)
myċelum (dative feminine plural)
myċelum (dative neuter plural)
myċelum (instrumental masculine plural)
myċelum (feminine instrumental plural)
myċelum (instrumental neuter plural)


bineoþan

Middle English: benethe

English: beneath

Scots: beneth


gægn

From Proto-West Germanic *gagin, from Proto-Germanic *gagin, whence also Old Saxon gigin, Old High German gagan (-> German gegen), Old Norse gegn.


underneoþan

Middle English: undernethe, undernethen

English: underneath

From Proto-Germanic *underniþer; corresponding to under- + neoþan.


wiþinnan

Middle English: withinnen, withinne

English: within


abufan

desctree

Middle English: aboven, above, abuven
English: above, aboon
⇒? English: bove
Scots: abuin, abune, abane, abeen, abine, abin, abeun, abön (Northern Isles), aboon (literary)
Yola: aboo


beforan

Middle English: bifore, bifor, biforn, before
English: before

late 10th century, Ælfric, the Old English Hexateuch, Deuteronomy 28:31

Your ox will be slaughtered in front of you, and you won't get to taste it.

Man slihþ þīnne oxan beforan þē, and þū his ne ābītst.


beforan

"Gospel of Saint Luke", chapter 19, verse 4

Then he ran in front and climbed (lit. ascended) up on a tree. From sycamores that he saw him. For which he would go from there.

Þā arn hē beforan and stāh ūp on ān trēow. Sicomorum þ hē hine ġesāwe. forþām þe hē wolde þanon faran...


neodian

nēodian (canonical)
nēodian (infinitive)
nēodienne (infinitive)
nēodiġe (first-person present singular)
nēodode (first-person past singular)
nēodast (present second-person singular)
nēododest (past second-person singular)
nēodaþ (present singular third-person)
nēodode (past singular third-person)
nēodiaþ (plural present)
nēododon (past plural)
nēodiġe (present singular)
nēodode (past singular)
nēodiġen (plural present)
nēododen (past plural)
nēoda (imperative past present singular)
nēodiaþ (imperative past plural present)
nēodiende (imperative present)
nēodod (imperative past)
ġenēodod (imperative past)

Middle English: neden, nede, niede
Yola: ee-naate (ppl)


onweg

Middle English: awey, awe, awei, away, awi, ewai, oway, owy
English: away
Scots: awa
Yola: awye, away, awaa, awi

Originally the same as on weġ (“on the/one's way”). See there for more information.

þonne māga ġemynd · mōd ġeondhweorfeð,
grēteð glīwstafum, · ġeorne ġeondsċēawað
seċġa ġeseldan. · Swimmað oft onweġ.

when mind goes through memory of kinsmen,
greets with mirths, eagerly looks through
comrades of men. They often swim away.


begeondan

Middle English: biyonde

English: beyond


nædl

nǣdl (canonical feminine)
nǣdl (nominative singular)
nǣdla (nominative plural)
nǣdle (nominative plural)
nǣdle (accusative singular)
nǣdla (accusative plural)
nǣdle (accusative plural)
nǣdle (genitive singular)
nǣdla (genitive plural)
nǣdle (dative singular)
nǣdlum (dative plural)

Middle English: nedle

English: needle

Scots: nedil, neidil

From Proto-West Germanic *nāþlu.
Cognates
Cognate with Old Frisian nādle, Old Saxon nādla, Old Dutch nālda, Old High German nādala, Old Norse nál, Gothic 𐌽𐌴𐌸𐌻𐌰 (nēþla).

Iċ tēah þone þrǣd þurh þǣre nǣdle ēage.

I pulled the thread through the eye of the needle.


mægden

mæġden (canonical neuter)
mæġden (nominative singular)
mæġdenu (nominative plural)
mæġden (accusative singular)
mæġdenu (accusative plural)
mæġdenes (genitive singular)
mæġdena (genitive plural)
mæġdene (dative singular)
mæġdenum (dative plural)

Middle English: mayden, maiden, maidene, medene, maden, madane, mædene, mæidene, maȝden, meidene (Early Middle English)
English: maiden
Scots: maidin
Yola: mydhen

→ Middle Irish: maigden (see there for further descendants)


læt

ang-adj

læt (comparative lætra, superlative latost)

lætra (comparative)
latost (superlative)
læt (masculine nominative singular)
latu (feminine nominative singular)
lato (feminine nominative singular)
læt (neuter nominative singular)
lætne (accusative masculine singular)
late (accusative feminine singular)
læt (accusative neuter singular)
lates (genitive masculine singular)
lætre (feminine genitive singular)
lates (genitive neuter singular)
latum (dative masculine singular)
lætre (dative feminine singular)
latum (dative neuter singular)
late (instrumental masculine singular)
lætre (feminine instrumental singular)
late (instrumental neuter singular)
late (masculine nominative plural)
lata (feminine nominative plural)
late (feminine nominative plural)
latu (neuter nominative plural)
lato (neuter nominative plural)
late (accusative masculine plural)
lata (accusative feminine plural)
late (accusative feminine plural)
latu (accusative neuter plural)
lato (accusative neuter plural)
lætra (genitive masculine plural)
lætra (feminine genitive plural)
lætra (genitive neuter plural)
latum (dative masculine plural)
latum (dative feminine plural)
latum (dative neuter plural)
latum (instrumental masculine plural)
latum (feminine instrumental plural)
latum (instrumental neuter plural)
lata (masculine nominative singular)
late (feminine nominative singular)
late (neuter nominative singular)
latan (accusative masculine singular)
latan (accusative feminine singular)
late (accusative neuter singular)
latan (genitive masculine singular)
latan (feminine genitive singular)
latan (genitive neuter singular)
latan (dative masculine singular)
latan (dative feminine singular)
latan (dative neuter singular)
latan (instrumental masculine singular)
latan (feminine instrumental singular)
latan (instrumental neuter singular)
latan (masculine nominative plural)
latan (feminine nominative plural)
latan (neuter nominative plural)
latan (accusative masculine plural)
latan (accusative feminine plural)
latan (accusative neuter plural)
lætra (genitive masculine plural)
latena (genitive masculine plural)
lætra (feminine genitive plural)
latena (feminine genitive plural)
lætra (genitive neuter plural)
latena (genitive neuter plural)
latum (dative masculine plural)
latum (dative feminine plural)
latum (dative neuter plural)
latum (instrumental masculine plural)
latum (feminine instrumental plural)
latum (instrumental neuter plural)

desctree

Middle English: late, laite, latte, lete, leate
English: late
Geordie English: lyet
Scots: late
Yola: laate

From Proto-West Germanic *lat, whence also Old High German laz and Old Norse latr.

Leech Book, Leech Book, Volume II, xxxiv.
Wiþ latre meltunge. Olisatrum hātte wyrt sēo dēah tō drincanne.
For late digestion; a wort hight olusatrum, which is good to drink.


læt

lǣt (canonical masculine)
lǣt (nominative singular)
lātas (nominative plural)
lǣt (accusative singular)
lātas (accusative plural)
lǣtes (genitive singular)
lāta (genitive plural)
lǣte (dative singular)
lātum (dative plural)

From Proto-Germanic *lētaz (“servant, slave”), from Proto-Indo-European *lē-. Akin to Middle Dutch laet (Dutch laat), Old High German laz (“half-freedman, serf”), Old Frisian lethar (“freedman”), Gothic 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌻𐌴𐍄𐍃 (fralēts). More at allegiance, liege.

cog

a class of man ranking between a slave and a ceorl


niþer

desc

Middle English: nithere, nethere, nether

English: nether

Scots: nether, nedder

From Proto-Germanic *niþer from the comparative of Proto-Indo-European *ni- (“down, below”). Cognate with Old High German nidar, Old Norse niðr.

"Gospel of Saint Luke", chapter 4, verse 29

And they arose and shoved him from the city. And led him over the mount's top. Over that their city was built. That they thrusted him downward.

And hiġ ārīson and scūfon hine of ðǣre ceastre. And lǣddon hine ofer ðæs muntes cnæpp. Ofer þone hyra buruh ġetimbrud wæs. þ hī hyne nyðer bescūfon.

late 9th century, King Alfred's translation of Boethius' Metres of Boethius, lines 85-89

By that is betokened, that his trust shall, and his mind, more upwards than downwards aspire to the heavens.

Mid þȳ is ġetācnod þæt his trēowa sceal, and his mōdġeþonc, mā up þonne niþer habban tō heofonum.

late 10th century, Ælfric, "THE PASSION OF THE APOSTLES PETER AND PAUL"
He astah of heofonum for middangeardes alysednysse, and wæron forði his fet niðer awende.

He descended from heaven for the redemption of the world, and therefore were his feet turned downwards.


ploh

plōh (canonical masculine)
plōh (nominative singular)
plōgas (nominative plural)
plōh (accusative singular)
plōgas (accusative plural)
plōges (genitive singular)
plōga (genitive plural)
plōge (dative singular)
plōgum (dative plural)


nædre

nǣdre (canonical feminine)
nǣdre (nominative singular)
nǣdran (nominative plural)
nǣdran (accusative singular)
nǣdran (accusative plural)
nǣdran (genitive singular)
nǣdrena (genitive plural)
nǣdran (dative singular)
nǣdrum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: nadder [and other forms]
English: adder, edder (by rebracketing)
Scots: edder

From Proto-West Germanic *nadrā, from Proto-Germanic *nadrǭ. Cognate with Old High German natra, Old Norse naðra, Gothic 𐌽𐌰𐌳𐍂𐍃 (nadrs).

"Gospel of Saint Luke", chapter 10, verse 19

And now I gave you power to tread over adders and snakes and over each fiends' force. And no thing harms you.

And nū ic sealde ēow ānweald tō tredenne ofer nǣddran. And snacan and ofer ǣlc fēondes mæġen. And nān þing ēow ne derað...

late 9th century, translation of Orosius’ History Against the Pagans
...for þon hit is nǣdrena ġecynd þæt heora mǣġen ⁊ hiera fēþe bið on heora ribbum swā ōþerra crēopendra wyrma bið on heora fōtum.

...for it is the class of snakes whose movement is on their ribs, just as the motion of other creeping reptiles is with their feet.


popig

Ultimately from Latin papāver, probably with alteration of the ending after -iġ.


næglan

næġlan (canonical)
næġlan (infinitive)
næġlenne (infinitive)
næġle (first-person present singular)
næġlde (first-person past singular)
næġlede (first-person past singular)
næġlest (present second-person singular)
næġldest (past second-person singular)
næġledest (past second-person singular)
næġleþ (present singular third-person)
næġlde (past singular third-person)
næġlede (past singular third-person)
næġlaþ (plural present)
næġldon (past plural)
næġledon (past plural)
næġle (present singular)
næġlde (past singular)
næġlede (past singular)
næġlen (plural present)
næġlden (past plural)
næġleden (past plural)
næġle (imperative past present singular)
næġlaþ (imperative past plural present)
næġlende (imperative present)
næġled (imperative past)
ġenæġled (imperative past)

Middle English: naylen, naȝȝlenn, nailen, nailin, naylli, naile, naille
English: nail
Scots: nail

From Proto-West Germanic *naglijan, from Proto-Germanic *naglijaną. Equivalent to næġl + -an.


munuc

munucas (nominative plural)
munuc (nominative singular)
munucas (nominative plural)
munuc (accusative singular)
munucas (accusative plural)
munuces (genitive singular)
munuca (genitive plural)
munuce (dative singular)
munucum (dative plural)

Middle English: monk, monke
English: monk
Scots: monk, munk, mounk

→ Old Norse: munkr

Danish: munk

Icelandic: munkur

Faroese: munkur

Norwegian: munk

Old Swedish: munker, munk

Swedish: munk
→ Finnish: munkki

→ Estonian: munk

→ Latvian: mūks

→ Võro: muuk

late 10th century, Ælfric, "Saint Maur, Abbot"
Þā ġecwæþð sē abbod and ealle þā ġebrōðra þæt þēr ne mihte nā mā muneca wunian...

Then said the abbot and all the brothers, that no more monks could dwell there...


pryte

prȳte (canonical feminine)
prȳte (nominative singular)
prȳtan (nominative plural)
prȳtan (accusative singular)
prȳtan (accusative plural)
prȳtan (genitive singular)
prȳtena (genitive plural)
prȳtan (dative singular)
prȳtum (dative plural)


onbutan

Middle English: aboute, abute, abuten, abouten
English: about
Geordie English: aboot
Scots: aboot
Yola: abut, abouten

From Proto-West Germanic *anbiūtan, equivalent to on- + būtan. Cognate with Old Frisian abûta.


offrian

offrian (infinitive)
offrienne (infinitive)
offriġe (first-person present singular)
offrode (first-person past singular)
offrast (present second-person singular)
offrodest (past second-person singular)
offraþ (present singular third-person)
offrode (past singular third-person)
offriaþ (plural present)
offrodon (past plural)
offriġe (present singular)
offrode (past singular)
offriġen (plural present)
offroden (past plural)
offra (imperative past present singular)
offriaþ (imperative past plural present)
offriende (imperative present)
offrod (imperative past)

Middle English: offren (reenforced by Old French ofrir)

English: offer

late 10th century, Ælfric, "Saint George, Martyr"
Nāst þū lā Geori þæt ūre godas swincað mid þē and ġit hī synd ġeþyldiġe þæt hī þe miltsion. Nū lǣre ic ðē swā swā lēofne sunu þæt ðū þæra cristenra lāre forlǣte mid ealle and tō mīnum rǣde hraðe ġebūge swā þæt ðū offriġe þām ārwurðan Appoline and þū mycelne wurðmynt miht swā beġitan.

Knowest thou not, O George, that our gods are striving with thee, and even yet they are patient, that they may pity thee; now I exhort thee, as a beloved son, that thou altogether quit the Christians' doctrine, and quickly incline to my counsel, so that thou sacrifice to the venerable Apollo, and thou mayest so obtain great honour.


latost

læt (positive)
latost (masculine nominative singular)
latost (feminine nominative singular)
latost (neuter nominative singular)
latostne (accusative masculine singular)
latoste (accusative feminine singular)
latost (accusative neuter singular)
latostes (genitive masculine singular)
latostre (feminine genitive singular)
latostes (genitive neuter singular)
latostum (dative masculine singular)
latostre (dative feminine singular)
latostum (dative neuter singular)
latoste (instrumental masculine singular)
latostre (feminine instrumental singular)
latoste (instrumental neuter singular)
latoste (masculine nominative plural)
latosta (feminine nominative plural)
latoste (feminine nominative plural)
latost (neuter nominative plural)
latoste (accusative masculine plural)
latosta (accusative feminine plural)
latoste (accusative feminine plural)
latost (accusative neuter plural)
latostra (genitive masculine plural)
latostra (feminine genitive plural)
latostra (genitive neuter plural)
latostum (dative masculine plural)
latostum (dative feminine plural)
latostum (dative neuter plural)
latostum (instrumental masculine plural)
latostum (feminine instrumental plural)
latostum (instrumental neuter plural)
latosta (masculine nominative singular)
latoste (feminine nominative singular)
latoste (neuter nominative singular)
latostan (accusative masculine singular)
latostan (accusative feminine singular)
latoste (accusative neuter singular)
latostan (genitive masculine singular)
latostan (feminine genitive singular)
latostan (genitive neuter singular)
latostan (dative masculine singular)
latostan (dative feminine singular)
latostan (dative neuter singular)
latostan (instrumental masculine singular)
latostan (feminine instrumental singular)
latostan (instrumental neuter singular)
latostan (masculine nominative plural)
latostan (feminine nominative plural)
latostan (neuter nominative plural)
latostan (accusative masculine plural)
latostan (accusative feminine plural)
latostan (accusative neuter plural)
latostra (genitive masculine plural)
latostena (genitive masculine plural)
latostra (feminine genitive plural)
latostena (feminine genitive plural)
latostra (genitive neuter plural)
latostena (genitive neuter plural)
latostum (dative masculine plural)
latostum (dative feminine plural)
latostum (dative neuter plural)
latostum (instrumental masculine plural)
latostum (feminine instrumental plural)
latostum (instrumental neuter plural)


latost

Middle English: latest, latst

English: latest, last

c. 10th-11th, Aethelwold, "The Benedictine Rule"
Æfter his līfes ġeearnunga and æfter his wīsdōmes lāre sig ġecoren, sē ðe tō abbodhāde sceal, ēac swylce þēah ðe hē latost tō mynstre cōme and ytemest siġ on endebyrdnysse þǣre ġeferrǣdene.

After his merits of life and after his instruction of wisdom be chosen, he must as abbotrank, also as such however which he recently came to the monastery and would be in the lowest order of the church.


prica

prica (nominative singular)
prican (nominative plural)
prican (accusative singular)
prican (accusative plural)
prican (genitive singular)
pricena (genitive plural)
prican (dative singular)
pricum (dative plural)

Middle English: prike, prikke

English: prick

From Proto-Germanic *prik-, related to the verb *prikjaną (“to prick”). Cognate with Middle Low German prik, Old West Norse prik (Icelandic prik (“dot; small stick”)).


ceap

ċēap (canonical masculine)
cēap (nominative singular)
cēapas (nominative plural)
cēap (accusative singular)
cēapas (accusative plural)
cēapes (genitive singular)
cēapa (genitive plural)
cēape (dative singular)
cēapum (dative plural)

Middle English: chep, chepe

English: cheap

From Proto-West Germanic *kaup (“trade, purchase”).


oxa

oxa (nominative singular)
oxan (nominative plural)
oxan (accusative singular)
oxan (accusative plural)
oxan (genitive singular)
oxena (genitive plural)
oxna (genitive plural)
oxan (dative singular)
oxum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: oxe, hox, nox, occe, ocxe, okse, ox, oxhe, oxse
English: ox (see there for further descendants)
Scots: ox

c. 992, Ælfric, "Sermon on the Nativiity of Our Lord"
"Sē oxa oncnēow his hlāford, and sē assa his hlāfordes binne."
"The ox knows his master, and the ass his master's bin."
Þā ġeseah hēo þæt cild licgan on binne, ðǣr sē oxa and sē assa ġewunelīce fōdan sēcað.

late 10th century, Ælfric, the Old English Hexateuch, Deuteronomy 28:31


eac

Middle English: ek, eek, eke
Scots: eik, ek
English: eke
⇒ Middle English: ekename
⇒ English: nickname (via rebracketing)

From Proto-West Germanic *auk. Cognate with Old Frisian āk, Old Saxon ok, Old Dutch ōk, Old High German ouh, Old Norse auk, Gothic 𐌰𐌿𐌺 (auk).

late 10th century, Ælfric, "Chair of Saint Peter"
Nū wylle wē ēac ēow secgan hū hē sume dæġ ēode tō þām godes temple mid þām godspellere Iohanne...

Now will we also tell you how on a certain day he went to God's temple with the evangelist John.

c. 992, Ælfric, "The First Sunday in September"
Ġif wē gōd underfēngon of Godes handa, hwȳ ne sċulon wē ēac yfel underfōn?

If we've accepted good things from God's hand, why shouldn't we accept bad things too?


oþþe

Middle English: oththe, other, or

English: or

Scots: or

Probably an alteration of earlier ofþe (“or”), from Proto-Germanic *efþau (“or”). Cognate with Old Frisian jeftha, joftha (“or”), Old Saxon eftha, Old High German odo; compare different ablaut-grades in Old English eþþa, Old Norse eða. Ultimately thought to be a Germanic suffixed dual form of the base of if.

Sind foxas hundas oþþe cattas?

sōhte seledrēoriġ · sinces bryttan,
hwǣr iċ feor oþþe nēah · findan meahte
þone þe in meoduhealle · mīne wisse

sought hall-sad a giver of treasure,
where I far or near could find
who in a mead-hall would know my men

Ne nis nā tō wēnenne þæt sē mann sīe oþþe sē ieldesta oþþe sē sīðmesta eorðan hlāforda.

Nor is it to be thought that man is either the oldest or the last of Earth's masters.

late 9th century, translation of Orosius’ History Against the Pagans
Oþþe hīe hit nyton, oþþe hīe hit witan nyllaþ.

Either they don't know it, or they don't want to know it.


binnan

late 9th century, translation of Orosius' History Against the Pagans
Binnan fīf and twēntiġ ġēara Philippus ġeēode ealle þā cynerīċu þe on Crēcum wǣron.

Within twenty-five years, Phillip conquered all the kingdoms in Greece.

late 9th century, translation of Orosius’ History Against the Pagans
⁊ ēac þætte þrīe wulfas on ānre niht brōhton ānes dēades monnes līchoman binnan þā burg, ⁊ hiene þær siþþan styċċemælum tōbrugdon, oþ þā men onwōcan, ⁊ ūt urnon, ⁊ hīe siþþan aweġ flugon.

And on one night, three wolves brought the body of a dead man into the city, and then tore it to pieces bit by bit, until the people awoke and ran out, and they ran away.


prician

prician (infinitive)
pricienne (infinitive)
priciġe (first-person present singular)
pricode (first-person past singular)
pricast (present second-person singular)
pricodest (past second-person singular)
pricaþ (present singular third-person)
pricode (past singular third-person)
priciaþ (plural present)
pricodon (past plural)
priciġe (present singular)
pricode (past singular)
priciġen (plural present)
pricoden (past plural)
prica (imperative past present singular)
priciaþ (imperative past plural present)
priciende (imperative present)
pricod (imperative past)
ġepricod (imperative past)

Middle English: prikken, priken
English: prick
Scots: preek
→ Irish: prioc


openian

openian (infinitive)
openienne (infinitive)
openiġe (first-person present singular)
openode (first-person past singular)
openast (present second-person singular)
openodest (past second-person singular)
openaþ (present singular third-person)
openode (past singular third-person)
openiaþ (plural present)
openodon (past plural)
openiġe (present singular)
openode (past singular)
openiġen (plural present)
openoden (past plural)
opena (imperative past present singular)
openiaþ (imperative past plural present)
openiende (imperative present)
openod (imperative past)
ġeopenod (imperative past)

Middle English: openen

English: open

From Proto-West Germanic *opanōn, from Proto-Germanic *upanōną, from *upanaz.
Cognate with Middle Dutch openen (Dutch openen), Old High German offanōn (German öffnen), Old Norse opna (Swedish öppna).


psealm

psealm (nominative singular)
psealmas (nominative plural)
psealm (accusative singular)
psealmas (accusative plural)
psealmes (genitive singular)
psealma (genitive plural)
psealme (dative singular)
psealmum (dative plural)

Middle English: salm, psalm, psalme, psame, salme, saulm, saume, spalme, sallme, sealm, selm (Early Middle English)
English: psalm
Scots: saum, sawm
→ Middle Welsh: salm
Welsh: salm

Borrowed from Late Latin psalmus; the initial p- was probably silent except for in careful, learned speech.


awiht

āwiht (canonical neuter)
āwiht (nominative singular)
āwiht (accusative singular)
āwihtes (genitive singular)
āwihte (dative singular)

From Proto-West Germanic *aiwwiht. Equivalent to ā + wiht.

“Mīn fæder, mōt iċ þē āwihtes āscian?” Cwæþ hē, “Āsca þæs þe þū wille.”

late 9th century, translation of Bede's Ecclesiastical History:

“My father, can I ask you something?”
He said, “Ask whatever you want.”


awiht

Middle English: ought, ouȝt, eawiht, aht, aught, auht, aut
English: ought, aught, owt
Scots: ocht
Yola: aught, aaght

late 9th century, King Alfred's translation of Saint Augustine's Soliloquies
Gyf þonne ǣfre gebyreð þæt þū þē ful hālne and ful trumne ongytst, and hæafst æalle þīne frēond myd þē, ǣġðer ge on mōde ge on līchaman, and on ðām ilcan worce and on ðām ylcan willum ðe ðē best lyst dōn, hweðer þū ðonne wille bēon āwiht blīðe?

If then it ever happen that thou shalt find thyself full whole and full strong, and hast all thy friends with thee, both in mind and in body, and in that same work and in that same will which pleaseth thee best to do, wilt thou then be happy at all?


geond

From Proto-Germanic *jend-, *jand-, from Proto-Indo-European *i- (“a pronomial stem”). Akin to Dutch ginds, Gothic 𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳 (jaind, “thither”).

der

late 9th century, King Alfred's translation of Boethius' Metres of Boethius, Metre 27, lines 22-25

Death also in like manner after mankind seeks, throughout this middle earth, terrific hunter!

Dēaþ ēac swā same æfter mon-cynne, ġeond þisne middan ġeard, ēġeslīc hunta!

swā nū missenlīċe · ġeond þisne middanġeard
winde biwāune · weallas stondaþ,
hrīme bihrorene, · hrȳðġe þā ederas.

as now walls are standing differently
over this world, blown by wind,
covered by frost, the slow-swept dwellings.


geond

English: yond, beyond, yonder


neod

Middle English: neod, nede, need

English: need (in part)

From Proto-Germanic *neudō, *neudaz (“desire, drive, urge, aspiration, striving”), from Proto-Indo-European *newdʰ- (“seeking, need”), from Proto-Indo-European *new- (“to incline, push, move, nod, wave”).

desire, longing; zeal, eagerness, diligence, earnestness, earnest endeavor


punian

pūnian (canonical)
pūnian (infinitive)
pūnienne (infinitive)
pūniġe (first-person present singular)
pūnode (first-person past singular)
pūnast (present second-person singular)
pūnodest (past second-person singular)
pūnaþ (present singular third-person)
pūnode (past singular third-person)
pūniaþ (plural present)
pūnodon (past plural)
pūniġe (present singular)
pūnode (past singular)
pūniġen (plural present)
pūnoden (past plural)
pūna (imperative past present singular)
pūniaþ (imperative past plural present)
pūniende (imperative present)
pūnod (imperative past)
ġepūnod (imperative past)

Middle English: pounen

English: pound, pun

From Proto-West Germanic *pūn- (“rubble, debris”). Of obscure ultimate origin, but perhaps related to Ancient Greek βυζόν (buzón, “compact, close together”).


rinnan

rinnan (infinitive)
rinnenne (infinitive)
rinne (first-person present singular)
rann (first-person past singular)
rinst (present second-person singular)
runne (past second-person singular)
rinþ (present singular third-person)
rann (past singular third-person)
rinnaþ (plural present)
runnon (past plural)
rinne (present singular)
runne (past singular)
rinnen (plural present)
runnen (past plural)
rinn (imperative past present singular)
rinnaþ (imperative past plural present)
rinnende (imperative present)
runnen (imperative past)
ġerunnen (imperative past)

desctree

Middle English: rennen
English: run, rin
Scots: rin
Yola: rhin, rin

late 9th century, translation of Orosius’ History Against the Pagans
⁊ ēac þætte þrīe wulfas on ānre niht brōhton ānes dēades monnes līchoman binnan þā burg, ⁊ hiene þær siþþan tōbrugdon, oþ þā men onwōcan, ⁊ ūt urnon, ⁊ hīe siþþan aweġ flugon.

And on one night, three wolves brought the body of a dead man into the city, and then tore it to pieces, until the people awoke and ran out, and they ran away.


mihtig

mihtiġ (canonical)
mihtigost (superlative)
mihtiġ (masculine nominative singular)
mihtiġu (feminine nominative singular)
mihtġu (feminine nominative singular)
mihtiġo (feminine nominative singular)
mihtġo (feminine nominative singular)
mihtiġ (neuter nominative singular)
mihtiġne (accusative masculine singular)
mihtiġe (accusative feminine singular)
mihtġe (accusative feminine singular)
mihtiġ (accusative neuter singular)
mihtiġes (genitive masculine singular)
mihtġes (genitive masculine singular)
mihtiġre (feminine genitive singular)
mihtiġes (genitive neuter singular)
mihtġes (genitive neuter singular)
mihtiġum (dative masculine singular)
mihtġum (dative masculine singular)
mihtiġre (dative feminine singular)
mihtiġum (dative neuter singular)
mihtġum (dative neuter singular)
mihtiġe (instrumental masculine singular)
mihtġe (instrumental masculine singular)
mihtiġre (feminine instrumental singular)
mihtiġe (instrumental neuter singular)
mihtġe (instrumental neuter singular)
mihtiġe (masculine nominative plural)
mihtġe (masculine nominative plural)
mihtiġa (feminine nominative plural)
mihtġa (feminine nominative plural)
mihtiġe (feminine nominative plural)
mihtġe (feminine nominative plural)
mihtiġu (neuter nominative plural)
mihtġu (neuter nominative plural)
mihtiġo (neuter nominative plural)
mihtġo (neuter nominative plural)
mihtiġe (accusative masculine plural)
mihtġe (accusative masculine plural)
mihtiġa (accusative feminine plural)
mihtġa (accusative feminine plural)
mihtiġe (accusative feminine plural)
mihtġe (accusative feminine plural)
mihtiġu (accusative neuter plural)
mihtġu (accusative neuter plural)
mihtiġo (accusative neuter plural)
mihtġo (accusative neuter plural)
mihtiġra (genitive masculine plural)
mihtiġra (feminine genitive plural)
mihtiġra (genitive neuter plural)
mihtiġum (dative masculine plural)
mihtġum (dative masculine plural)
mihtiġum (dative feminine plural)
mihtġum (dative feminine plural)
mihtiġum (dative neuter plural)
mihtġum (dative neuter plural)
mihtiġum (instrumental masculine plural)
mihtġum (instrumental masculine plural)
mihtiġum (feminine instrumental plural)
mihtġum (feminine instrumental plural)
mihtiġum (instrumental neuter plural)
mihtġum (instrumental neuter plural)
mihtiġa (masculine nominative singular)
mihtġa (masculine nominative singular)
mihtiġe (feminine nominative singular)
mihtġe (feminine nominative singular)
mihtiġe (neuter nominative singular)
mihtġe (neuter nominative singular)
mihtiġan (accusative masculine singular)
mihtġan (accusative masculine singular)
mihtiġan (accusative feminine singular)
mihtġan (accusative feminine singular)
mihtiġe (accusative neuter singular)
mihtġe (accusative neuter singular)
mihtiġan (genitive masculine singular)
mihtġan (genitive masculine singular)
mihtiġan (feminine genitive singular)
mihtġan (feminine genitive singular)
mihtiġan (genitive neuter singular)
mihtġan (genitive neuter singular)
mihtiġan (dative masculine singular)
mihtġan (dative masculine singular)
mihtiġan (dative feminine singular)
mihtġan (dative feminine singular)
mihtiġan (dative neuter singular)
mihtġan (dative neuter singular)
mihtiġan (instrumental masculine singular)
mihtġan (instrumental masculine singular)
mihtiġan (feminine instrumental singular)
mihtġan (feminine instrumental singular)
mihtiġan (instrumental neuter singular)
mihtġan (instrumental neuter singular)
mihtiġan (masculine nominative plural)
mihtġan (masculine nominative plural)
mihtiġan (feminine nominative plural)
mihtġan (feminine nominative plural)
mihtiġan (neuter nominative plural)
mihtġan (neuter nominative plural)
mihtiġan (accusative masculine plural)
mihtġan (accusative masculine plural)
mihtiġan (accusative feminine plural)
mihtġan (accusative feminine plural)
mihtiġan (accusative neuter plural)
mihtġan (accusative neuter plural)
mihtiġra (genitive masculine plural)
mihtiġena (genitive masculine plural)
mihtġena (genitive masculine plural)
mihtiġra (feminine genitive plural)
mihtiġena (feminine genitive plural)
mihtġena (feminine genitive plural)
mihtiġra (genitive neuter plural)
mihtiġena (genitive neuter plural)
mihtġena (genitive neuter plural)
mihtiġum (dative masculine plural)
mihtġum (dative masculine plural)
mihtiġum (dative feminine plural)
mihtġum (dative feminine plural)
mihtiġum (dative neuter plural)
mihtġum (dative neuter plural)
mihtiġum (instrumental masculine plural)
mihtġum (instrumental masculine plural)
mihtiġum (feminine instrumental plural)
mihtġum (feminine instrumental plural)
mihtiġum (instrumental neuter plural)
mihtġum (instrumental neuter plural)

desc

Middle English: maȝty, miȝty, myghty, mighti

Scots: michty, mychty

English: mighty

From Proto-Germanic *mahtīgaz, equivalent to miht + -iġ.
Cognate with Old Frisian mechtich, Old Saxon mahtīg, Old High German mahtīc, Old Norse máttugr ~ máttigr, Gothic 𐌼𐌰𐌷𐍄𐌴𐌹𐌲𐍃 (mahteigs).


plegian

plegian (infinitive)
plegienne (infinitive)
plegiġe (first-person present singular)
plegode (first-person past singular)
plegast (present second-person singular)
plegodest (past second-person singular)
plegaþ (present singular third-person)
plegode (past singular third-person)
plegiaþ (plural present)
plegodon (past plural)
plegiġe (present singular)
plegode (past singular)
plegiġen (plural present)
plegoden (past plural)
plega (imperative past present singular)
plegiaþ (imperative past plural present)
plegiende (imperative present)
plegod (imperative past)
ġeplegod (imperative past)

Middle English: pleiȝen, pleien, plaien, plaȝen, plawen

English: play, plaw

Scots: play

→ Old Norse: plaga

Faroese: plaga

to divert or amuse oneself; occupy or busy oneself


grene

grēne (canonical)
grēne (masculine nominative singular)
grēnu (feminine nominative singular)
grēno (feminine nominative singular)
grēne (neuter nominative singular)
grēnne (accusative masculine singular)
grēne (accusative feminine singular)
grēne (accusative neuter singular)
grēnes (genitive masculine singular)
grēnre (feminine genitive singular)
grēnes (genitive neuter singular)
grēnum (dative masculine singular)
grēnre (dative feminine singular)
grēnum (dative neuter singular)
grēne (instrumental masculine singular)
grēnre (feminine instrumental singular)
grēne (instrumental neuter singular)
grēne (masculine nominative plural)
grēna (feminine nominative plural)
grēne (feminine nominative plural)
grēnu (neuter nominative plural)
grēno (neuter nominative plural)
grēne (accusative masculine plural)
grēna (accusative feminine plural)
grēne (accusative feminine plural)
grēnu (accusative neuter plural)
grēno (accusative neuter plural)
grēnra (genitive masculine plural)
grēnra (feminine genitive plural)
grēnra (genitive neuter plural)
grēnum (dative masculine plural)
grēnum (dative feminine plural)
grēnum (dative neuter plural)
grēnum (instrumental masculine plural)
grēnum (feminine instrumental plural)
grēnum (instrumental neuter plural)
grēna (masculine nominative singular)
grēne (feminine nominative singular)
grēne (neuter nominative singular)
grēnan (accusative masculine singular)
grēnan (accusative feminine singular)
grēne (accusative neuter singular)
grēnan (genitive masculine singular)
grēnan (feminine genitive singular)
grēnan (genitive neuter singular)
grēnan (dative masculine singular)
grēnan (dative feminine singular)
grēnan (dative neuter singular)
grēnan (instrumental masculine singular)
grēnan (feminine instrumental singular)
grēnan (instrumental neuter singular)
grēnan (masculine nominative plural)
grēnan (feminine nominative plural)
grēnan (neuter nominative plural)
grēnan (accusative masculine plural)
grēnan (accusative feminine plural)
grēnan (accusative neuter plural)
grēnra (genitive masculine plural)
grēnena (genitive masculine plural)
grēnra (feminine genitive plural)
grēnena (feminine genitive plural)
grēnra (genitive neuter plural)
grēnena (genitive neuter plural)
grēnum (dative masculine plural)
grēnum (dative feminine plural)
grēnum (dative neuter plural)
grēnum (instrumental masculine plural)
grēnum (feminine instrumental plural)
grēnum (instrumental neuter plural)

desctree

Middle English: grene, greene
English: green (see there for further descendants)
Scots: green
Yola: green

From Proto-West Germanic *grōnī, from Proto-Germanic *grōniz. Cognate with Old Frisian grēne, Old Saxon grōni, Old High German gruoni, Old Norse grœnn.

early 11th century, anonymous gloss of Ælfric's Latin Colloquy (c. 995)

If you drive me out of your society, you'll eat your vegetables uncooked and your meat raw. [Said by a cook.]

Ġif ġē mē ūt ādrīfaþ fram ēowrum ġefērsċipe, ġē etaþ ēowre wyrta grēne and ēowre flǣsċmetas hrēawe.

unknown date and author, monastic sign language guide
Ġesodenra wyrta tācn is þæt þū dō mid þīnre ōðerre handa niðewearde be þǣre sīdan swelċe þū sċearfian wille. Þonne þū grēne wyrta habban wille, þonne sete þū þīnne finger on þīne winestran hand.

The sign for cooked vegetables is that you take your hand and make a downward motion along your side as if you're cutting them up. When you want raw vegetables, place your finger on your left hand.


ongean

From Proto-West Germanic [Term?]. Compare Old Saxon angegin, Middle Dutch entegen (Dutch entegen), Old High German ingegin (German entgegen). By surface analysis, on- + ġean.

late 10th century, Ælfric, "Passion of St. Julian and His Wife Basilissa"
...Beo se man ongean gelæd, for minum leofan iuliane...

...Let the man be led back, for my dear Julian's sake...

late 10th century, Ælfric, the Old English Hexateuch, Numbers 14:3

Isn't it better for us to turn back to Egypt?

Nis ūs lā betere þæt wē būgen onġēan tō Ēgypta lande?

c. 992, Ælfric, "The Twenty-first Sunday after Pentecost"
On ðisum andweardan life sind þa gecorenan feawa geðuhte onġēan getel þæra wiðercorenra, ac þonne hí to ðam ecan life gegaderode beoð, heora tel bið swa menigfeald, þæt hit oferstihð, be ðæs witegan cwyde, sand-ceosles gerím.

In this present life the chosen appear few in comparison with the number of the reprobates, but when they shall be gathered to the eternal life, their number will be so manifold, that it will exceed, according to the prophet's saying, the number of the sand-grains.


ongean

onġēan (canonical)
or (giving sense of motion) accusative (with-dative)

Middle English: agayn, again, ayain, ayen, anȝen
English: again
Geordie English: agyen
Scots: again, agen, agin, agane, agayne, agyen, agean (southern)
Yola: agyne

c. 992, Ælfric, "The Passion of the Apostles Peter and Paul"
Simon cwæð, "Ðu góda cyning, ne understenst ðu ðisra twegra manna gerēonunge onġēan mē.

Simon said, "Thou good king, thou understandest not the plot of these two men against me.

late 10th century, Ælfric, "Saint Agnes, Virgin"
...and we feohtan ne durston ongean ðone ormætan here..

...and we durst not fight against the overwhelming army,...

against as in to oppose with hositility (+accusative)


hriþer

hrīþer (canonical neuter)
hrīþer (nominative singular)
hrīþeru (nominative plural)
hrīþer (accusative singular)
hrīþeru (accusative plural)
hrīþeres (genitive singular)
hrīþera (genitive plural)
hrīþere (dative singular)
hrīþerum (dative plural)

desc

Middle English: rother, reother, rither, rether

English: rother

From Proto-West Germanic *hrinþiʀ (“cattle”). Cognate with Old Frisian hrīther (“cattle”).

(countable) cow; bull; ox; head of cattle (any bovine animal)


beginnan

beġinnan (canonical)
beġinnan (infinitive)
beġinnenne (infinitive)
beġinne (first-person present singular)
begann (first-person past singular)
beġinst (present second-person singular)
begunne (past second-person singular)
beġinþ (present singular third-person)
begann (past singular third-person)
beġinnaþ (plural present)
begunnon (past plural)
beġinne (present singular)
begunne (past singular)
beġinnen (plural present)
begunnen (past plural)
beġinn (imperative past present singular)
beġinnaþ (imperative past plural present)
beġinnende (imperative present)
begunnen (imperative past)

desctree

Middle English: beginnen
English: begin
Scots: begin
Yola: begaan (preterite)

Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *biginnan, derived from Proto-Germanic *ginnaną; equivalent to be- + *ginnan.

inh+

c. 992, Ælfric, "Saint Maur, Abbot"
Hē ārās þā ġesund, swelċe of slǣpe āwreaht, and begann tō wundrienne hū hē wurde þæder ġebrōht.

Then he got up safe and sound, as if woken from sleep, and began to wonder how he got there.


lætan

lǣtan (canonical)
lǣtan (infinitive)
lǣtenne (infinitive)
lǣte (first-person present singular)
lēt (first-person past singular)
leort (first-person past singular)
lǣtst (present second-person singular)
lēte (past second-person singular)
leorte (past second-person singular)
lǣtt (present singular third-person)
lǣt (present singular third-person)
lēt (past singular third-person)
leort (past singular third-person)
lǣtaþ (plural present)
lēton (past plural)
leorton (past plural)
lǣte (present singular)
lēte (past singular)
leorte (past singular)
lǣten (plural present)
lēten (past plural)
leorten (past plural)
lǣt (imperative past present singular)
lǣtaþ (imperative past plural present)
lǣtende (imperative present)
lǣten (imperative past)
ġelǣten (imperative past)

desctree

Middle English: leten, letten
English: let
Scots: lat, let, lete
Yola: leth

Exeter Book, Chrtist A, The Navitivity
...Ne lǣt awyrġde ofer us onwald āgan...

Let not the accursed have power over us...

c. 992, Ælfric, "Sermon on the Beginning of Creation"
God lēt hīe habban āgenne cyre swā hīe heora Sċieppend lufoden and folgoden swā hīe hine forlēten.

God let them have their own choice whether to love and follow their creator or abandon him.

c. 992, Ælfric, "On the Lord's Prayer"
God lǣt him fierst þæt hē his māndǣda ġeswīce.

God gives (lit. allows) him time to stop his misdeeds.

Blickling Homilies, "The Third Sunday in Lent"
Ēalā þū ġītsiġenda and welega, hwæt dēst þū þē ġif Dryhten on þē ġenimþ nigon dǣlas þīnes welan and þē lǣtt þone tēoðan dǣl ǣnne habban?

You greedy rich people, what are you going to do if the Lord takes ninety percent of your wealth and only lets you have ten percent of it?

c. 992, Ælfric, "On the Festival of St. Peter the Apostle"
Petrus cnocode forþ oþ þæt hīe hine inn lēton.

Peter kept knocking until they let him in.

late 9th century, translation of Bede's Ecclesiastical History
Hē sette scōle and on þǣre hē lēt cneohtas lǣran.

He founded a school and had boys taught there.

c. 996, Ælfric's Lives of Saints, "St. Euphrasia, Virgin"
Þā þæt ċild wæs seofonwintre, þā lēton hīe hīe fulwian and nemdon hīe Euphrosyne.

When the child was seven, they had her baptized and named her Euphrosyne.

Blickling Homilies, "The Annunciation of Saint Mary"
God ne lǣtt ūs nā costnian ofer ġemet.

God won't have us tempted more than we can handle.

to have someone do something, have something done

c. 992, Ælfric, "The Nativity of St. Paul the Apostle"
Sē hālga Paulus wæs ġestǣned oþ dēaþ, swā þæt þā ēhteras hine for dēadne lēton, ac þæs on morgne hē ārās and fērde ymb his bodunge.

Saint Paul was stoned so severely that the attackers left him for dead, but then in the morning he got up and went back to preaching.

1038, charter concerning Harold Harefoot
Sē ærċebisċop lēt hit eall tō heora āgene rǣde.

The archbishop left it all to their own discretion.

c. 992, Ælfric, "Easter Sunday"
Þā mānfullan hē lēt bæftan tō ēċum wītum.

The wicked he left behind to suffer eternal torment.

late 10th century, Ælfric, the Old English Hexateuch, Exodus 21:27

If someone knocks their slave's tooth out, set them free.

Ġif hwā his wēales tōþ of āslēa, lǣt hine friġne.

to leave someone/something in a certain situation


pæþ

pæþ (nominative singular)
paþas (nominative plural)
pæþ (accusative singular)
paþas (accusative plural)
pæþes (genitive singular)
paþa (genitive plural)
pæþe (dative singular)
paþum (dative plural)

Middle English: path, paath, paaþ, pathe, paththe, paþ, paþþe, pað, peþ (Early Middle English)
English: path
Scots: peth, paith

Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *paþ, from Proto-Germanic *paþaz.


norþ

norþ (masculine nominative singular)
norþ (feminine nominative singular)
norþ (neuter nominative singular)
norþne (accusative masculine singular)
norþe (accusative feminine singular)
norþ (accusative neuter singular)
norþes (genitive masculine singular)
norþre (feminine genitive singular)
norþes (genitive neuter singular)
norþum (dative masculine singular)
norþre (dative feminine singular)
norþum (dative neuter singular)
norþe (instrumental masculine singular)
norþre (feminine instrumental singular)
norþe (instrumental neuter singular)
norþe (masculine nominative plural)
norþa (feminine nominative plural)
norþe (feminine nominative plural)
norþ (neuter nominative plural)
norþe (accusative masculine plural)
norþa (accusative feminine plural)
norþe (accusative feminine plural)
norþ (accusative neuter plural)
norþra (genitive masculine plural)
norþra (feminine genitive plural)
norþra (genitive neuter plural)
norþum (dative masculine plural)
norþum (dative feminine plural)
norþum (dative neuter plural)
norþum (instrumental masculine plural)
norþum (feminine instrumental plural)
norþum (instrumental neuter plural)
norþa (masculine nominative singular)
norþe (feminine nominative singular)
norþe (neuter nominative singular)
norþan (accusative masculine singular)
norþan (accusative feminine singular)
norþe (accusative neuter singular)
norþan (genitive masculine singular)
norþan (feminine genitive singular)
norþan (genitive neuter singular)
norþan (dative masculine singular)
norþan (dative feminine singular)
norþan (dative neuter singular)
norþan (instrumental masculine singular)
norþan (feminine instrumental singular)
norþan (instrumental neuter singular)
norþan (masculine nominative plural)
norþan (feminine nominative plural)
norþan (neuter nominative plural)
norþan (accusative masculine plural)
norþan (accusative feminine plural)
norþan (accusative neuter plural)
norþra (genitive masculine plural)
norþena (genitive masculine plural)
norþra (feminine genitive plural)
norþena (feminine genitive plural)
norþra (genitive neuter plural)
norþena (genitive neuter plural)
norþum (dative masculine plural)
norþum (dative feminine plural)
norþum (dative neuter plural)
norþum (instrumental masculine plural)
norþum (feminine instrumental plural)
norþum (instrumental neuter plural)

Middle English: north, norþ, northe, norþe, norrþ
English: north
Scots: north
Yola: nordh, noardth

→ Old French: nort (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-West Germanic *norþr (compare Old High German nord, Old Norse norðr).


ræcan

rǣċan (canonical)
rǣċan (infinitive)
rǣċenne (infinitive)
rǣċe (first-person present singular)
rǣhte (first-person past singular)
rāhte (first-person past singular)
rǣċest (present second-person singular)
rǣcst (present second-person singular)
rǣhtest (past second-person singular)
rāhtest (past second-person singular)
rǣċeþ (present singular third-person)
rǣcþ (present singular third-person)
rǣhte (past singular third-person)
rāhte (past singular third-person)
rǣċaþ (plural present)
rǣhton (past plural)
rāhton (past plural)
rǣċe (present singular)
rǣhte (past singular)
rāhte (past singular)
rǣċen (plural present)
rǣhten (past plural)
rāhten (past plural)
rǣċ (imperative past present singular)
rǣċaþ (imperative past plural present)
rǣċende (imperative present)
rǣht (imperative past)
ġerǣht (imperative past)

Middle English: rechen

English: reach

/ˈræː.t͡ʃɑn/

From Proto-West Germanic *raikijan, from Proto-Germanic *raikijaną. Cognate with Old Frisian reka, Middle Dutch reiken, Old High German reichen.


gegn

Middle English: gain, ȝæn

English: gain (obsolete)

Scots: gain, gin

From Proto-West Germanic *gagin, from Proto-Germanic *gagin, whence also Old Saxon gigin, Old High German gagan (> German gegen), Old Norse gegn (> Swedish igen).


ongemang

Middle English: among, amang, amonkes, omang, mang, mong
English: among
Geordie English: amang
Scots: amang
Yola: amang, mang (aphetic)


sadolian

sadolian (infinitive)
sadolienne (infinitive)
sadoliġe (first-person present singular)
sadolode (first-person past singular)
sadolast (present second-person singular)
sadolodest (past second-person singular)
sadolaþ (present singular third-person)
sadolode (past singular third-person)
sadoliaþ (plural present)
sadolodon (past plural)
sadoliġe (present singular)
sadolode (past singular)
sadoliġen (plural present)
sadoloden (past plural)
sadola (imperative past present singular)
sadoliaþ (imperative past plural present)
sadoliende (imperative present)
sadolod (imperative past)
ġesadolod (imperative past)

desc

Middle English: sadelien, sadelen, sadlen

Scots: sadill, saidle

English: saddle


nacod

nacod (masculine nominative singular)
nacod (feminine nominative singular)
nacod (neuter nominative singular)
nacodne (accusative masculine singular)
nacode (accusative feminine singular)
nacod (accusative neuter singular)
nacodes (genitive masculine singular)
nacodre (feminine genitive singular)
nacodes (genitive neuter singular)
nacodum (dative masculine singular)
nacodre (dative feminine singular)
nacodum (dative neuter singular)
nacode (instrumental masculine singular)
nacodre (feminine instrumental singular)
nacode (instrumental neuter singular)
nacode (masculine nominative plural)
nacoda (feminine nominative plural)
nacode (feminine nominative plural)
nacod (neuter nominative plural)
nacode (accusative masculine plural)
nacoda (accusative feminine plural)
nacode (accusative feminine plural)
nacod (accusative neuter plural)
nacodra (genitive masculine plural)
nacodra (feminine genitive plural)
nacodra (genitive neuter plural)
nacodum (dative masculine plural)
nacodum (dative feminine plural)
nacodum (dative neuter plural)
nacodum (instrumental masculine plural)
nacodum (feminine instrumental plural)
nacodum (instrumental neuter plural)
nacoda (masculine nominative singular)
nacode (feminine nominative singular)
nacode (neuter nominative singular)
nacodan (accusative masculine singular)
nacodan (accusative feminine singular)
nacode (accusative neuter singular)
nacodan (genitive masculine singular)
nacodan (feminine genitive singular)
nacodan (genitive neuter singular)
nacodan (dative masculine singular)
nacodan (dative feminine singular)
nacodan (dative neuter singular)
nacodan (instrumental masculine singular)
nacodan (feminine instrumental singular)
nacodan (instrumental neuter singular)
nacodan (masculine nominative plural)
nacodan (feminine nominative plural)
nacodan (neuter nominative plural)
nacodan (accusative masculine plural)
nacodan (accusative feminine plural)
nacodan (accusative neuter plural)
nacodra (genitive masculine plural)
nacodena (genitive masculine plural)
nacodra (feminine genitive plural)
nacodena (feminine genitive plural)
nacodra (genitive neuter plural)
nacodena (genitive neuter plural)
nacodum (dative masculine plural)
nacodum (dative feminine plural)
nacodum (dative neuter plural)
nacodum (instrumental masculine plural)
nacodum (feminine instrumental plural)
nacodum (instrumental neuter plural)

Middle English: naked(e)

English: naked

Scots: nakit

From Proto-Germanic *nakwadaz, from Proto-Indo-European *negʷ- (“bare, naked”); see there for the cognates.

der

late 10th century, Ælfric, "The Assumption of St. John the Apostle"
Nacode wē wǣron ācennede, and nacode wē ġewītaþ.

Naked we were born, and naked we depart.


nacod

past participle of nacian (“to strip, undress”)


ræs

rǣs (canonical masculine)
rǣs (nominative singular)
rǣsas (nominative plural)
rǣs (accusative singular)
rǣsas (accusative plural)
rǣses (genitive singular)
rǣsa (genitive plural)
rǣse (dative singular)
rǣsum (dative plural)

Middle English: ræse, rese, resse, res

Scots: rese, res, reas, reace

From Proto-Germanic *rēsō, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁reh₁s- (“to flow, rush”). Related to Old English rinnan (“to run”). Doublet of English race via Old Norse rás.


ræs

rǣs (canonical feminine)
rǣs (nominative singular)
rǣswa (nominative plural)
rǣswe (nominative plural)
rǣswe (accusative singular)
rǣswa (accusative plural)
rǣswe (accusative plural)
rǣswe (genitive singular)
rǣswa (genitive plural)
rǣswe (dative singular)
rǣswum (dative plural)

From Proto-Germanic *rēswō (“counsel, reckoning”). Related to Old English rǣswan (“to consider, conjecture”).


sacu

sacu (nominative singular)
saca (nominative plural)
sace (nominative plural)
sace (accusative singular)
saca (accusative plural)
sace (accusative plural)
sace (genitive singular)
saca (genitive plural)
sace (dative singular)
sacum (dative plural)

Middle English: sake, sak, sac

English: sake

Scots: sak, saik

From Proto-Germanic *sakō. Cognate with Old Frisian sake, seke, sek (West Frisian saak), Old Saxon saka (Low German sake), Dutch zaak, Old High German sahha (German Sache), Old Norse sǫk (Danish sag, Icelandic sök, Swedish sak), Gothic 𐍃𐌰𐌺𐌾𐍉 (sakjō, “dispute”).


ordal

ordāl (canonical neuter)
ordāl (nominative singular)
ordāl (nominative plural)
ordāl (accusative singular)
ordāl (accusative plural)
ordāles (genitive singular)
ordāla (genitive plural)
ordāle (dative singular)
ordālum (dative plural)

→ Medieval Latin: ordālium (< Old English ordāle)

Old French: ordeil, ordel

→ English: ordalium

⇒ New Latin: ordālia (plural)

→ French: ordalie

→ Italian: ordalia

→ Romanian: ordalie

→ Portuguese: ordália

→ Spanish: ordalía

desctree

→? Middle English: ordel, ordal (possibly directly inherited from Old English)
English: ordeal
Scots: ordeil

From Proto-West Germanic *uʀdailī; equivalent to or- (“out”) + dǣl, dāl (“part, portion”).


scrud

sċrūd (canonical neuter)
sċrūd (nominative singular)
sċrud (nominative plural)
sċrud (accusative singular)
sċrud (accusative plural)
sċrudes (genitive singular)
sċruda (genitive plural)
sċryd (dative singular)
sċrudum (dative plural)

Middle English: schroud, shroude, shroute, sheroude, shrude, shrute, scrude, sroude, srout, srud, sruð, ssroud (Early Middle English)
English: shroud
Yola: shrude


manig

maniġ (canonical)
maniġ (masculine nominative singular)
maniġ (feminine nominative singular)
maniġ (neuter nominative singular)
maniġne (accusative masculine singular)
maniġe (accusative feminine singular)
maniġ (accusative neuter singular)
maniġes (genitive masculine singular)
maniġre (feminine genitive singular)
maniġes (genitive neuter singular)
maniġum (dative masculine singular)
maniġre (dative feminine singular)
maniġum (dative neuter singular)
maniġe (instrumental masculine singular)
maniġre (feminine instrumental singular)
maniġe (instrumental neuter singular)
maniġe (masculine nominative plural)
maniġa (feminine nominative plural)
maniġe (feminine nominative plural)
maniġ (neuter nominative plural)
maniġe (accusative masculine plural)
maniġa (accusative feminine plural)
maniġe (accusative feminine plural)
maniġ (accusative neuter plural)
maniġra (genitive masculine plural)
maniġra (feminine genitive plural)
maniġra (genitive neuter plural)
maniġum (dative masculine plural)
maniġum (dative feminine plural)
maniġum (dative neuter plural)
maniġum (instrumental masculine plural)
maniġum (feminine instrumental plural)
maniġum (instrumental neuter plural)
maniġa (masculine nominative singular)
maniġe (feminine nominative singular)
maniġe (neuter nominative singular)
maniġan (accusative masculine singular)
maniġan (accusative feminine singular)
maniġe (accusative neuter singular)
maniġan (genitive masculine singular)
maniġan (feminine genitive singular)
maniġan (genitive neuter singular)
maniġan (dative masculine singular)
maniġan (dative feminine singular)
maniġan (dative neuter singular)
maniġan (instrumental masculine singular)
maniġan (feminine instrumental singular)
maniġan (instrumental neuter singular)
maniġan (masculine nominative plural)
maniġan (feminine nominative plural)
maniġan (neuter nominative plural)
maniġan (accusative masculine plural)
maniġan (accusative feminine plural)
maniġan (accusative neuter plural)
maniġra (genitive masculine plural)
maniġena (genitive masculine plural)
maniġra (feminine genitive plural)
maniġena (feminine genitive plural)
maniġra (genitive neuter plural)
maniġena (genitive neuter plural)
maniġum (dative masculine plural)
maniġum (dative feminine plural)
maniġum (dative neuter plural)
maniġum (instrumental masculine plural)
maniġum (feminine instrumental plural)
maniġum (instrumental neuter plural)

From Proto-West Germanic *manag, from Proto-Germanic *managaz.
Cognates
Cognate with Old Frisian manich (West Frisian mannich), Old Saxon manag (Low German männich), Middle Dutch mēnich (Dutch menig), Old High German manag (German manch), Gothic 𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐍃 (manags). The Proto-Indo-European root is also the source of Russian мно́гий (mnógij), Old Irish menic (Scottish Gaelic minig).

Þonne iċ mec onhebbe ond hī onhnīgaþ tō mē, moniġe mid miltse, þǣr iċ monnum sceal īċan upcyme ēadiġnesse.

When I raise myself up and they bow down to me, many with mercy, then I shall increase rising of happiness for men.


manig

Middle English: mani, mane, magnie, maini, mainie, mange, manie, manige, maniȝ, many, meine, meni, menie, monei, moni, monie, moniȝ, mony, myny
English: many
Geordie English: mony
Scots: mony, monie
Yola: many


neh

nēh (canonical)
nēh (masculine nominative singular)
nē (feminine nominative singular)
nēh (neuter nominative singular)
nēne (accusative masculine singular)
nēnne (accusative masculine singular)
nē (accusative feminine singular)
nēh (accusative neuter singular)
nēs (genitive masculine singular)
nēre (feminine genitive singular)
nērre (feminine genitive singular)
nēs (genitive neuter singular)
nēm (dative masculine singular)
nēum (dative masculine singular)
nēre (dative feminine singular)
nērre (dative feminine singular)
nēm (dative neuter singular)
nēum (dative neuter singular)
nē (instrumental masculine singular)
nēre (feminine instrumental singular)
nērre (feminine instrumental singular)
nē (instrumental neuter singular)
nē (masculine nominative plural)
nē (feminine nominative plural)
nē (neuter nominative plural)
nē (accusative masculine plural)
nē (accusative feminine plural)
nē (accusative neuter plural)
nēra (genitive masculine plural)
nērra (genitive masculine plural)
nēra (feminine genitive plural)
nērra (feminine genitive plural)
nēra (genitive neuter plural)
nērra (genitive neuter plural)
nēm (dative masculine plural)
nēum (dative masculine plural)
nēm (dative feminine plural)
nēum (dative feminine plural)
nēm (dative neuter plural)
nēum (dative neuter plural)
nēm (instrumental masculine plural)
nēum (instrumental masculine plural)
nēm (feminine instrumental plural)
nēum (feminine instrumental plural)
nēm (instrumental neuter plural)
nēum (instrumental neuter plural)
nē (masculine nominative singular)
nē (feminine nominative singular)
nē (neuter nominative singular)
nēn (accusative masculine singular)
nēn (accusative feminine singular)
nē (accusative neuter singular)
nēn (genitive masculine singular)
nēn (feminine genitive singular)
nēn (genitive neuter singular)
nēn (dative masculine singular)
nēn (dative feminine singular)
nēn (dative neuter singular)
nēn (instrumental masculine singular)
nēn (feminine instrumental singular)
nēn (instrumental neuter singular)
nēn (masculine nominative plural)
nēn (feminine nominative plural)
nēn (neuter nominative plural)
nēn (accusative masculine plural)
nēn (accusative feminine plural)
nēn (accusative neuter plural)
nēra (genitive masculine plural)
nērra (genitive masculine plural)
nēna (genitive masculine plural)
nēra (feminine genitive plural)
nērra (feminine genitive plural)
nēna (feminine genitive plural)
nēra (genitive neuter plural)
nērra (genitive neuter plural)
nēna (genitive neuter plural)
nēm (dative masculine plural)
nēum (dative masculine plural)
nēm (dative feminine plural)
nēum (dative feminine plural)
nēm (dative neuter plural)
nēum (dative neuter plural)
nēm (instrumental masculine plural)
nēum (instrumental masculine plural)
nēm (feminine instrumental plural)
nēum (feminine instrumental plural)
nēm (instrumental neuter plural)
nēum (instrumental neuter plural)


genog

ġenōg (canonical)
ġenōg (masculine nominative singular)
ġenōg (feminine nominative singular)
ġenōg (neuter nominative singular)
ġenōgne (accusative masculine singular)
ġenōge (accusative feminine singular)
ġenōg (accusative neuter singular)
ġenōges (genitive masculine singular)
ġenōgre (feminine genitive singular)
ġenōges (genitive neuter singular)
ġenōgum (dative masculine singular)
ġenōgre (dative feminine singular)
ġenōgum (dative neuter singular)
ġenōge (instrumental masculine singular)
ġenōgre (feminine instrumental singular)
ġenōge (instrumental neuter singular)
ġenōge (masculine nominative plural)
ġenōga (feminine nominative plural)
ġenōge (feminine nominative plural)
ġenōg (neuter nominative plural)
ġenōge (accusative masculine plural)
ġenōga (accusative feminine plural)
ġenōge (accusative feminine plural)
ġenōg (accusative neuter plural)
ġenōgra (genitive masculine plural)
ġenōgra (feminine genitive plural)
ġenōgra (genitive neuter plural)
ġenōgum (dative masculine plural)
ġenōgum (dative feminine plural)
ġenōgum (dative neuter plural)
ġenōgum (instrumental masculine plural)
ġenōgum (feminine instrumental plural)
ġenōgum (instrumental neuter plural)
ġenōga (masculine nominative singular)
ġenōge (feminine nominative singular)
ġenōge (neuter nominative singular)
ġenōgan (accusative masculine singular)
ġenōgan (accusative feminine singular)
ġenōge (accusative neuter singular)
ġenōgan (genitive masculine singular)
ġenōgan (feminine genitive singular)
ġenōgan (genitive neuter singular)
ġenōgan (dative masculine singular)
ġenōgan (dative feminine singular)
ġenōgan (dative neuter singular)
ġenōgan (instrumental masculine singular)
ġenōgan (feminine instrumental singular)
ġenōgan (instrumental neuter singular)
ġenōgan (masculine nominative plural)
ġenōgan (feminine nominative plural)
ġenōgan (neuter nominative plural)
ġenōgan (accusative masculine plural)
ġenōgan (accusative feminine plural)
ġenōgan (accusative neuter plural)
ġenōgra (genitive masculine plural)
ġenōgena (genitive masculine plural)
ġenōgra (feminine genitive plural)
ġenōgena (feminine genitive plural)
ġenōgra (genitive neuter plural)
ġenōgena (genitive neuter plural)
ġenōgum (dative masculine plural)
ġenōgum (dative feminine plural)
ġenōgum (dative neuter plural)
ġenōgum (instrumental masculine plural)
ġenōgum (feminine instrumental plural)
ġenōgum (instrumental neuter plural)

From Proto-West Germanic *ganōg, from Proto-Germanic *ganōgaz.
Cognate with Old Frisian enōch, Old Saxon ginōg, Old Dutch ginuog, Old High German ginuog, Old Norse gnógr.

Wē nabbaþ feoh ġenōg.

Þæt is ġenōg.

c. 992, Ælfric, "Midlent Sunday"
On ōðre wīsan wē sċēawiaþ mētinge and on ōðre wīsan stafas. Ne gǣþ nā māre tō mētinge būtan þæt þū hit ġesēo and herie. Nis nā ġenōg þæt þū stafas sċēawiġe būtan þū hīe ēac rǣde and þæt andġiet understande.

We look at pictures in one way and letters in another. You don't do anything with a painting except see it and praise it. Looking at letters is not enough unless you also read them and understand the meaning.


genog

Middle English: ynogh, inoh, inow, ynough, ynow
English: enough, (archaic) enow, enoo
Geordie English: eneugh
Scots: eneuch, eneugh, aneuch
Yola: eenew

Þā ċildru habbaþ ġenōg ġeplegod.

late 9th century, King Alfred's translation of Saint Augustine's Soliloquies
Ġenōh lange ic wæs on þām bysmore and on þǣre sceame, þe hȳ mē on ġebrōhton;...

Long enough have I been in the reproach and shame which they brought on me;...


sceaþ

Middle English: schethe, chethe, scheþe, sethe, shede, sheeth, sheethe, sheith, sheth, shethe, sheþe, sscheþe, sseþe, scaþe, scæðe, seaþe (Early Middle English)
English: sheath
Scots: sheath
Yola: shaadh

From Proto-West Germanic *skaiþiju, from Proto-Germanic *skaiþiz, possibly from a root *skaiþ- (“divide, separate”), based on the notion of a split stick with a sword blade inserted; compare *skaiþaną (“separate”).
Compare Old Frisian skethe, Old Saxon scethia, Old High German sceida, skaida, Old Norse skeið, skeiðir.


scafan

sċafan (canonical)
sċafan (infinitive)
sċafenne (infinitive)
sċafe (first-person present singular)
sċōf (first-person past singular)
sċæfst (present second-person singular)
sċōfe (past second-person singular)
sċæfþ (present singular third-person)
sċōf (past singular third-person)
sċafaþ (plural present)
sċōfon (past plural)
sċafe (present singular)
sċōfe (past singular)
sċafen (plural present)
sċōfen (past plural)
sċaf (imperative past present singular)
sċafaþ (imperative past plural present)
sċafende (imperative present)
sċæfen (imperative past)
ġesċæfen (imperative past)
sċafen (imperative past)
ġesċafen (imperative past)

Middle English: shaven, schaven

English: shave

From Proto-West Germanic *skaban. Compare Old Saxon scavan, Old High German skaban, Old Norse skafa, Gothic 𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌽 (skaban).


sceabb

sċeabb (canonical masculine)
sċeabb (nominative singular)
sċeabbas (nominative plural)
sċeabb (accusative singular)
sċeabbas (accusative plural)
sċeabbes (genitive singular)
sċeabba (genitive plural)
sċeabbe (dative singular)
sċeabbum (dative plural)

Middle English: schabbe

English: shab

⇒ English: shabby

→ Scots: shabby

From Proto-West Germanic *skabb, from Proto-Germanic *skabbaz. Cognate with Old Norse skabb ( > English scab).


sceot

sċeot (canonical neuter)
sċeot (nominative plural)
sċeot (nominative singular)
sċeot (nominative plural)
sċeot (accusative singular)
sċeot (accusative plural)
sċeotes (genitive singular)
sċeota (genitive plural)
sċeote (dative singular)
sċeotum (dative plural)

English: shot

From Proto-Germanic *skutą. Cognate with Old Frisian skot, Old Saxon sīlscot, Old High German scoz (German Schoß), Old Norse skot. Compare English scot.