hol

hol (nominative singular)
holu (nominative plural)
hol (accusative singular)
holu (accusative plural)
holes (genitive singular)
hola (genitive plural)
hole (dative singular)
holum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: hole
English: hole (see there for further descendants)
Scots: hole
Yola: hullès (plural)

From Proto-West Germanic *hol (“hollow space, cavity”).

inh

late 10th century, Ælfric, Lives of Saints, quoting Matthew 8:20

Foxes have holes and birds have nests, but I have no dwelling where I can rest my head.

Foxas habbaþ holu and fugelas habbaþ nest, and iċ næbbe wununge hwider iċ mīn heafod ahyldan mæġe.


hol

hōl (canonical neuter)
hōl (nominative singular)
hōl (nominative plural)
hōl (accusative singular)
hōl (accusative plural)
hōles (genitive singular)
hōla (genitive plural)
hōle (dative singular)
hōlum (dative plural)

From Proto-Germanic *hōlą (“vain speech, slander, calumny”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱeh₁l-, *keh₁l- (“to beguile, deceive”).


stan

stān (canonical masculine)
stān (nominative singular)
stānas (nominative plural)
stān (accusative singular)
stānas (accusative plural)
stānes (genitive singular)
stāna (genitive plural)
stāne (dative singular)
stānum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: ston, stan, stane, stoan, stone, stoon, stoone
English: stone (see there for further descendants)
Geordie English: styen
Scots: stane
Yola: sthoan
→ Anglo-Norman: ston

From Proto-West Germanic *stain, from Proto-Germanic *stainaz, from Proto-Indo-European *steyh₂no-, *stih₂-no- (a suffixed form of *steyh₂- (“to be solid, to crowd together”)).
Cognate with Old Frisian stēn, Old Saxon stēn (German Low German Steen), Old Dutch sten, stein (Dutch steen), Old High German stein (German Stein), Old Norse steinn (Icelandic steinn, Faroese steinur, Norwegian Nynorsk stein, Norwegian Bokmål stein, sten, Danish sten, Swedish sten), Gothic 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃 (stains). The Indo-European root is also the source of Ancient Greek στῖον (stîon, “pebble”), Proto-Slavic *stěnà (Bulgarian стена (stena), Russian стена́ (stená), Czech stěna (“wall”)).


nama

naman (nominative plural)
nama (nominative singular)
naman (nominative plural)
naman (accusative singular)
naman (accusative plural)
naman (genitive singular)
namena (genitive plural)
naman (dative singular)
namum (dative plural)

Middle English: name, nome
English: name
→ Sranan Tongo: nen
→ Japanese: ネーム
Geordie English: nyem
Scots: name, naim, nem, nome
Yola: naame, naume, name

From Proto-West Germanic *namō, from Proto-Germanic *namô, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁nómn̥.

nambred

register of names (on a tablet); German Brett

late 10th century, Ælfric, Lives of Saints
Nū synd sume men þe nyton hwæt sē nama [Cathedra Sancti Petri] ġetacnaþ.

Now there are some men who don't know what the name Cathedra Sancti Petri means.

Rōse be ǣnigum ōðrum naman stunce swā swōte.

A rose by any other name would smell as sweet.

c. 995, Ælfric, Excerptiones de Arte Grammatica Anglice
Ealle naman...bēoþ ġebīgede on fīf declinungum.

All nouns...are inflected in five declensions.


blend

first/third-person singular preterite indicative of blandan


eten

eten (nominative singular)
etenas (nominative plural)
eten (accusative singular)
etenas (accusative plural)
etenes (genitive singular)
etena (genitive plural)
etene (dative singular)
etenum (dative plural)


abad

ābād (canonical feminine)
ābād (nominative singular)
ābāda (nominative plural)
ābāde (nominative plural)
ābāde (accusative singular)
ābāda (accusative plural)
ābāde (accusative plural)
ābāde (genitive singular)
ābāda (genitive plural)
ābāde (dative singular)
ābādum (dative plural)

desc

Middle English: abad, abade, abod, abode

English: abode

Scots: abade, abaid

From ā- + bād (“a wait, waiting”), from Proto-West Germanic *baidu, from Proto-Germanic *baidō; modelled after ābīdan.


ellen

ellen (nominative singular)
ellen (nominative plural)
ellen (accusative singular)
ellen (accusative plural)
elnes (genitive singular)
elna (genitive plural)
elne (dative singular)
elnum (dative plural)
ellen (nominative singular)
elnas (nominative plural)
ellen (accusative singular)
elnas (accusative plural)
elnes (genitive singular)
elna (genitive plural)
elne (dative singular)
elnum (dative plural)

Middle English: elne, ellen

English: elne, ellen

From Proto-West Germanic *alljan. Cognate with Old Saxon ellan, Old High German ellan, Gothic 𐌰𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽 (aljan), Old Norse eljan (Icelandic elja).


ellen

ellen (masculine nominative singular)
elnu (feminine nominative singular)
elno (feminine nominative singular)
ellen (neuter nominative singular)
ellenne (accusative masculine singular)
elne (accusative feminine singular)
ellen (accusative neuter singular)
elnes (genitive masculine singular)
ellenre (feminine genitive singular)
elnes (genitive neuter singular)
elnum (dative masculine singular)
ellenre (dative feminine singular)
elnum (dative neuter singular)
elne (instrumental masculine singular)
ellenre (feminine instrumental singular)
elne (instrumental neuter singular)
elne (masculine nominative plural)
elna (feminine nominative plural)
elne (feminine nominative plural)
elnu (neuter nominative plural)
elno (neuter nominative plural)
elne (accusative masculine plural)
elna (accusative feminine plural)
elne (accusative feminine plural)
elnu (accusative neuter plural)
elno (accusative neuter plural)
ellenra (genitive masculine plural)
ellenra (feminine genitive plural)
ellenra (genitive neuter plural)
elnum (dative masculine plural)
elnum (dative feminine plural)
elnum (dative neuter plural)
elnum (instrumental masculine plural)
elnum (feminine instrumental plural)
elnum (instrumental neuter plural)
elna (masculine nominative singular)
elne (feminine nominative singular)
elne (neuter nominative singular)
elnan (accusative masculine singular)
elnan (accusative feminine singular)
elne (accusative neuter singular)
elnan (genitive masculine singular)
elnan (feminine genitive singular)
elnan (genitive neuter singular)
elnan (dative masculine singular)
elnan (dative feminine singular)
elnan (dative neuter singular)
elnan (instrumental masculine singular)
elnan (feminine instrumental singular)
elnan (instrumental neuter singular)
elnan (masculine nominative plural)
elnan (feminine nominative plural)
elnan (neuter nominative plural)
elnan (accusative masculine plural)
elnan (accusative feminine plural)
elnan (accusative neuter plural)
ellenra (genitive masculine plural)
elnena (genitive masculine plural)
ellenra (feminine genitive plural)
elnena (feminine genitive plural)
ellenra (genitive neuter plural)
elnena (genitive neuter plural)
elnum (dative masculine plural)
elnum (dative feminine plural)
elnum (dative neuter plural)
elnum (instrumental masculine plural)
elnum (feminine instrumental plural)
elnum (instrumental neuter plural)


ellen

ellen (nominative plural)
ellen (nominative singular)
ellen (nominative plural)
ellen (accusative singular)
ellen (accusative plural)
elnes (genitive singular)
elna (genitive plural)
elne (dative singular)
elnum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: ellern, eller, eldre, eldrn, elder, ellen (Early Middle English)
Yola: ellena


bere

bere (nominative singular)
beras (nominative plural)
bere (accusative singular)
beras (accusative plural)
beres (genitive singular)
bera (genitive plural)
bere (dative singular)
berum (dative plural)

Middle English: bere

English: bere

Scots: bere, beir

From Proto-West Germanic *barī, from Proto-Germanic *baraz. Cognate with Old Norse barr.


bere

first-person singular present indicative of beran


med

mēd (canonical feminine)
mēd (nominative singular)
mēda (nominative plural)
mēde (nominative plural)
mēde (accusative singular)
mēda (accusative plural)
mēde (accusative plural)
mēde (genitive singular)
mēda (genitive plural)
mēde (dative singular)
mēdum (dative plural)

Middle English: mede, meede

English: meed

Scots: med

5th century, Undley bracteate
ᚷᚫᚷᚩᚷᚫ᛫ᛗᚫᚷᚫ᛫ᛗᛖᛞᚢ
gægógæ mægæ medu
(Some possible translations:) #*:: this she-wolf is a reward to a kinsman #*:: abracadabra: to a kinsman this reward


fot

fōt (canonical masculine)
fēt (nominative plural)
fōt (nominative singular)
fēt (nominative plural)
fōt (accusative singular)
fēt (accusative plural)
fōtes (genitive singular)
fōta (genitive plural)
fēt (dative singular)
fōtum (dative plural)

Middle English: fot, fod, foȝt, foit, foot, foote, fote, fout, fut, vot
English: foot (see there for further descendants)
Scots: fit, fuit, fut, fute
Yola: voote

From Proto-West Germanic *fōt.
Cognates:
Germanic cognates include Old Frisian fōt, Old Saxon fōt (Dutch voet), Old High German fuoz (German Fuß), Old Norse fótr (Danish fod, Swedish fot), Gothic 𐍆𐍉𐍄𐌿𐍃 (fōtus). The Proto-Indo-European root was also the source of Sanskrit पद् (pád), Ancient Greek πούς (poús) (genitive ποδός (podós)); Doric πῶς (pôs), Latin pēs (genitive pedis).

Iċ dypte mīnne fōt on þæt wæter.

Wē ongunnon þæt þorp ġenēahlǣċan on fōtum.

We tried to reach the village on foot (literally "on feet").

(anatomy) an organ in humans and animals used for locomotion

Þæt wæter is þrītiġ fōta dēop.

Hēo is fīf fōta lang and þrēora ynċa.

a unit of length, especially a third of a yard

Hīe wīcodon æt þæs beorges fēt.

They camped at the foot of the mountain.

a foot, in the following senses:
the base or bottom of something

a foot, in the following senses:
(prosody) a metrical foot

a foot, in the following senses:
a metrical foot


ord

ord (nominative singular)
ordas (nominative plural)
ord (accusative singular)
ordas (accusative plural)
ordes (genitive singular)
orda (genitive plural)
orde (dative singular)
ordum (dative plural)

Middle English: ord

English: ord, orde

Scots: ord

From Proto-West Germanic *oʀd, from Proto-Germanic *uzdaz, from Proto-Indo-European *wes- (“stab”).
Cognate with Middle Dutch ort (Dutch oord), Old High German ort (German Ort), Old Norse oddr (Icelandic oddur, Swedish udd, Danish od).

Þæs sweordes ord is swīðe sċearp.

late 10th century, Ælfric, "Memory of the Saints"
Seo eahteoðe leahter is superbia gehaten þæt is on ænglisc modigynss gecweden. Seo is ord and ende ælcere synne. Seo geworhte englas to atelicum deoflum...

The eighth sin is called Superbia that is called Pride, in English, which is the beginning and end of every sin; it made angels into horrible devils,...

Finnesburh Fragment, line 12

... fight in the vanguard, be of [good] mood.


woruld

woruld (nominative singular)
worulde (nominative plural)
worulda (nominative plural)
woruld (accusative singular)
worulde (accusative singular)
worulde (accusative plural)
worulda (accusative plural)
worulde (genitive singular)
worulda (genitive plural)
worulde (dative singular)
woruldum (dative plural)


scofl

sċofl (canonical feminine)
sċofl (nominative singular)
sċofla (nominative plural)
sċofle (nominative plural)
sċofle (accusative singular)
sċofla (accusative plural)
sċofle (accusative plural)
sċofle (genitive singular)
sċofla (genitive plural)
sċofle (dative singular)
sċoflum (dative plural)

Middle English: schovel, schoule

Scots: shuffle, shuil

English: skavel, shovel


steorra

steorra (nominative singular)
steorran (nominative plural)
steorran (accusative singular)
steorran (accusative plural)
steorran (genitive singular)
steorrena (genitive plural)
steorran (dative singular)
steorrum (dative plural)

Middle English: sterre
English: star (see there for further descendants)
Scots: ster
Yola: starr, steor

From Proto-West Germanic *sterrō, variant of *sternō, from Proto-Germanic *sternǭ, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂stḗr.


moþþe

moþþe (nominative singular)
moþþan (nominative plural)
moþþan (accusative singular)
moþþan (accusative plural)
moþþan (genitive singular)
moþþena (genitive plural)
moþþan (dative singular)
moþþum (dative plural)

English: moth


fleoge

flēoge (canonical feminine)
flēoge (nominative singular)
flēogan (nominative plural)
flēogan (accusative singular)
flēogan (accusative plural)
flēogan (genitive singular)
flēogena (genitive plural)
flēogan (dative singular)
flēogum (dative plural)

Middle English: flye, fflye, fleȝe, flei, fleie, fley, fleye, flie, fliȝe, vliȝe, vlye
English: fly
Scots: flee, fle, flei

From Proto-Germanic *fleugǭ, whence also Old High German flioga. Akin to Old Norse fluga.


glof

glōf (canonical feminine)
glōfan (nominative plural)
glōf (nominative singular)
glōfa (nominative plural)
glōfe (nominative plural)
glōfe (accusative singular)
glōfa (accusative plural)
glōfe (accusative plural)
glōfe (genitive singular)
glōfa (genitive plural)
glōfe (dative singular)
glōfum (dative plural)
glōfe (nominative singular)
glōfan (nominative plural)
glōfan (accusative singular)
glōfan (accusative plural)
glōfan (genitive singular)
glōfena (genitive plural)
glōfan (dative singular)
glōfum (dative plural)

Middle English: glofe, glove

English: glove

Scots: gluve, gluive

From Proto-West Germanic *galōfō, from Proto-Germanic *galōfô, equivalent to ġe- + lōf (“palm of the hand”). Compare Old Norse glófi.


lufu

lufu (nominative singular)
lufa (nominative plural)
lufe (nominative plural)
lufe (accusative singular)
lufa (accusative plural)
lufe (accusative plural)
lufe (genitive singular)
lufa (genitive plural)
lufe (dative singular)
lufum (dative plural)

Middle English: love
English: love
Scots: luve, lufe
Yola: loove

From Proto-West Germanic *lubu, from Proto-Germanic *lubō. Cognate with Old Frisian luve, Old High German luba, Gothic *𐌻𐌿𐌱𐍉 (*lubō).

Sēo sōðe lufu nǣfre ne ātēoraþ.


heord

heord (nominative singular)
heorda (nominative plural)
heorde (nominative plural)
heorde (accusative singular)
heorda (accusative plural)
heorde (accusative plural)
heorde (genitive singular)
heorda (genitive plural)
heorde (dative singular)
heordum (dative plural)

Middle English: herde, heerd, heerde, herd, hird, hirde, heorde, hierde (Early Middle English)
English: herd
Scots: herd, hird

From Proto-Germanic *herdō, from Proto-Indo-European *kerdʰ- (“file, row, herd”). Compare Old Saxon herda, Old High German herta, Old Norse hjǫrð, Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌳𐌰 (hairda).


loppestre

loppestre (nominative singular)
loppestran (nominative plural)
loppestran (accusative singular)
loppestran (accusative plural)
loppestran (genitive singular)
loppestrena (genitive plural)
loppestran (dative singular)
loppestrum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: loppestere
English: lobster
Scots: lapster, labster
Yola: labstaar

Possibly a corruption of Latin locusta (“lobster, locust”) + the Old English feminine agent suffix -estre; or from lobbe, loppe (“spider”) + the feminine agent suffix -estre, equivalent to lop + -ster.


cyning

cyning (nominative singular)
cyningas (nominative plural)
cyning (accusative singular)
cyningas (accusative plural)
cyninges (genitive singular)
cyninga (genitive plural)
cyninge (dative singular)
cyningum (dative plural)

Middle English: king, kenin, kening, kinig (in compounds, toponymic), gug, kug (in compounds, influenced by Old Norse (see etymology)), knyng (transmission error), chinge, chinȝ, cing, cining, cinȝ, ging, keing, keng, kingk, kingue, kining, kink, kyng, kynge
English: king (see there for further descendants)
Scots: keeng, king
Yola: kinge, king

→ English: cyning (learned)

From Proto-West Germanic *kuning, from Proto-Germanic *kuningaz, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁- (“to procreate”). Equivalent to cynn + -ing.

der

late 10th century, Ælfric, Lives of Saints
þā wēop sē cyning and þancode gode his gōdan wyllan.

Then the king wept and thanked God for his good will.


leogere

lēogere (canonical masculine)
lēogere (nominative singular)
lēogeras (nominative plural)
lēogere (accusative singular)
lēogeras (accusative plural)
lēogeres (genitive singular)
lēogera (genitive plural)
lēogere (dative singular)
lēogerum (dative plural)

Middle English: legher, lyere, liȝer

English: liar

Scots: leyar, lear, liear, lyar

From Proto-West Germanic *leugārī (“liar”).


hwæl

hwæl (nominative singular)
hwalas (nominative plural)
hwæl (accusative singular)
hwalas (accusative plural)
hwæles (genitive singular)
hwala (genitive plural)
hwæle (dative singular)
hwalum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: whale, hwæl, qual, whal, swale, quall, quale, whaale, whalle, qwayll, wale, qwall, qwalle
English: whale
Scots: whaul

From Proto-West Germanic *hwal, from Proto-Germanic *hwalaz, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kʷálos (“large fish, sheatfish”). Cognate with Old Saxon hwal, Old High German wal, Old Norse hvalr, Latin squalus (“shark”). Perhaps also related to Finnish kala, from Proto-Uralic *kala.


þrote

þrote (nominative singular)
þrotan (nominative plural)
þrotan (accusative singular)
þrotan (accusative plural)
þrotan (genitive singular)
þrotena (genitive plural)
þrotan (dative singular)
þrotum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: throte, throate, troht, thorte
English: throat
Yola: dhraat

From Proto-Germanic *þrutǭ (“swell”), perhaps ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ster- (“to be strong, ready, stiff”). Cognate with Old High German drozza (German Drossel).


æcer

æcer (nominative singular)
æcras (nominative plural)
æcer (accusative singular)
æcras (accusative plural)
æcres (genitive singular)
æcra (genitive plural)
æcre (dative singular)
æcrum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: aker, acre
English: acre
→ Irish: acra
→ Norwegian Bokmål: acre
→ Malay: ekar
→ Telugu: ఎకరా (ekarā), ఎకరము (ekaramu)
Scots: acre, acker, ackre, accre, aacre, awker
→? Scottish Gaelic: acaire
Yola: aager
→ Welsh: acer

Norman: acre

From Proto-Germanic *akraz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éǵros (“field”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ᾰ̓γρός (agrós), Latin ager, Sanskrit ájra.

c. 995, Ælfric, Extracts on Grammar in English
Æcras faraþ on sumore, swā swā sǣ ȳðiġende.

Fields move in the summer, rippling like the sea.

late 9th century, translation of Orosius’ History Against the Pagans
On his æcre hē ēode and his sulh on handa hæfde.

He was walking in his field with his hand to his plow.

c. 990, Wessex Gospels, Matthew 12:1

Jesus was walking through fields on the Sabbath. His disciples were hungry, and they began plucking ears of corn and eating them.

Sē Hǣlend fōr on restedæġ ofer æcras. Sōðlīċe his leornungcneohtas hyngrede, and hīe ongunnon pluccian þā ēar and etan.

field (specifically one used to grow crops or hold farm animals)

early 11th century, anonymous gloss of Ælfric's Latin Colloquy (c. 995)

Every day I have to plow a full acre or more.

Ǣlċe dæġe iċ sċeal erian fulne æcer oþþe mā.


hægl

hæġl (canonical masculine)
hæġl (nominative singular)
hæġlas (nominative plural)
hæġl (accusative singular)
hæġlas (accusative plural)
hæġles (genitive singular)
hæġla (genitive plural)
hæġle (dative singular)
hæġlum (dative plural)

Middle English: hayle, hail, hayl, haile, haiel, ail, hale, haul, hawle, hawel (< Old English hagol), hagol, haȝel, haȝol, hahȝel, haghil (chiefly early)
English: hail
Scots: hail

From Proto-West Germanic *hagl, from Proto-Germanic *haglaz, probably from Proto-Indo-European *kagʰlos (“pebble”).

10th century, Ælfric, On the Seasons of the Year
Hæġl cymþ of reġndropum þonne hīe bēoþ ġefrorene upp on þǣre lyfte, and swā siþþan feallaþ.

Hail comes from raindrops when they're frozen up in the air, and so fall to the ground.

The Old English rune poem
ᚻ byþ hwītust corna...


heorte

heorte (nominative singular)
heortan (nominative plural)
heortan (accusative singular)
heortan (accusative plural)
heortan (genitive singular)
heortena (genitive plural)
heortan (dative singular)
heortum (dative plural)

Middle English: herte, hart, harte, heorte, hert, hertt, hirte, huerte, heortæ, heorrte, herrte, hierte, horte, hurte (Early Middle English)
English: heart (see there for further descendants)
Scots: hert, hart, hairt
Yola: hearth, hart

From Proto-West Germanic *hertā.
Cognate with Old Frisian herte, Old Saxon herta, Old Dutch herte, Old High German herza, Old Norse hjarta, Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍄𐍉 (hairtō). The Indo-European root is also the source of Greek καρδία (kardía), Latin cor, Welsh craidd, Russian се́рдце (sérdce), Lithuanian širdis.

c. 992, Ælfric, "Sermon on the Nativiity of Our Lord"
Ðyllīce word María hēold ārǣfniġende on hire heortan.

Such words Mary held, pondering them in her heart.


stæf

stafas (nominative plural)
stæf (nominative singular)
stafas (nominative plural)
stæf (accusative singular)
stafas (accusative plural)
stæfes (genitive singular)
stafa (genitive plural)
stæfe (dative singular)
stafum (dative plural)

Middle English: staf

Scots: staf, staff, staif, stave

English: staff, stave

From Proto-Germanic *stabaz, whence also Old High German stab, Old Norse stafr.

c. 899, Alfred the Great, Psalm 23

c. 992, Ælfric, "Midlent Sunday"
On ōðre wīsan wē sċēawiaþ mētinge and on ōðre wīsan stafas. Ne gǣþ nā māre tō mētinge būtan þæt þū hit ġesēo and herie. Nis nā ġenōg þæt þū stafas sċēawiġe būtan þū hīe ēac rǣde and þæt andġiet understande.

We look at pictures in one way and letters in another. You don't do anything with a painting except see it and praise it. Looking at letters is not enough unless you also read them and understand the meaning.


hring

hring (nominative singular)
hringas (nominative plural)
hring (accusative singular)
hringas (accusative plural)
hringes (genitive singular)
hringa (genitive plural)
hringe (dative singular)
hringum (dative plural)

Middle English: ryng, rynge, ring
English: ring
Scots: ring
Yola: ring

→ Medieval Latin: ringa, renga (Anglo-Latin)

From Proto-West Germanic *hring, from Proto-Germanic *hringaz. Cognate with Old Frisian hring, Old Saxon hring, Old High German ring, Old Norse hringr, also Finnish rengas.
In some forms and senses, possibly influenced by related hrinċġe, hrinġe (“loop, handle, clasp”).

a loop or ring used as a means of attachment, suspension, or compression; handle

(figurative) the limit of a jurisdiction


fisc

fisċ (canonical masculine)
fiscas (nominative plural)
fisċ (nominative singular)
fiscas (nominative plural)
fisċ (accusative singular)
fiscas (accusative plural)
fisċes (genitive singular)
fisca (genitive plural)
fisċe (dative singular)
fiscum (dative plural)

Middle English: fisch, fysshe, fysch, fish, fische, fis, fyshe, fissh, vish
English: fish (see there for further descendants)
Scots: fish, fysch, fisch
Yola: wish

From Proto-Germanic *fiskaz, from Proto-Indo-European *peysk-.


ule

ūle (canonical feminine)
ūle (nominative singular)
ūlan (nominative plural)
ūlan (accusative singular)
ūlan (accusative plural)
ūlan (genitive singular)
ūlena (genitive plural)
ūlan (dative singular)
ūlum (dative plural)

desc

Middle English: oule, oul, owle, ule, howle, owlle

English: owl

Scots: oul, ool

From Proto-Germanic *uwwalǭ, originally a diminutive of *uwwô (“owl”) (Old High German hūwo, Old Saxon hūo), probably a word imitative of the animal's call, or a variant of *ūfaz, *ūfǭ, from Proto-Indo-European *up-.
See also Old English ūf or hūf, Swedish uv (“horned owl”), Babungo Auf; also Middle Low German ūle, Dutch uil, Old Norse ugla. A Germanic variant *uwwilǭ was the source of Old High German ūwila (German Eule).

onomatopoeic

imitative


æl

æl (nominative singular)
alas (nominative plural)
æl (accusative singular)
alas (accusative plural)
æles (genitive singular)
ala (genitive plural)
æle (dative singular)
alum (dative plural)

Middle English: alle, al

gl

merged with descendant of Old English <i class="Latn mention" lang="ang">awel</i>

English: awl (merged with descendant of Old English awel)

Scots: awl

From Proto-West Germanic *al, from Proto-Germanic *alaz.


æl

From Proto-West Germanic *ālu, from Proto-Germanic *ēlō.


æl

ǣl (canonical masculine)
ǣl (nominative singular)
ǣlas (nominative plural)
ǣl (accusative singular)
ǣlas (accusative plural)
ǣles (genitive singular)
ǣla (genitive plural)
ǣle (dative singular)
ǣlum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: el, eel, ele, hele, iel, yele
English: eel
Scots: eel
Yola: eale

From Proto-West Germanic *āl, from Proto-Germanic *ēlaz.


guma

guman (nominative plural)
guma (nominative singular)
guman (nominative plural)
guman (accusative singular)
guman (accusative plural)
guman (genitive singular)
gumena (genitive plural)
guman (dative singular)
gumum (dative plural)

Middle English: gome, gom, gomme, gone, goom, goome, gume
English: gome
Scots: gome

From Proto-West Germanic *gumō.
Cognates
Germanic cognates include Old Saxon gumo, Old High German gumo, gomo, Old Norse gumi (Icelandic gumi and Norwegian gume), Gothic 𐌲𐌿𐌼𐌰 (guma). The Indo-European root is also the source of Latin homō, Proto-Balto-Slavic *źmṓ (Lithuanian žmogùs).

Swā sceal geong guma gōde gewyrcean,

So should a young man do good deeds
by fine treasure-gifts while in his father's keeping


duce

dū̆ce (canonical feminine)
dūce (nominative singular)
dūcan (nominative plural)
dūcan (accusative singular)
dūcan (accusative plural)
dūcan (genitive singular)
dūcena (genitive plural)
dūcan (dative singular)
dūcum (dative plural)

Middle English: doke, ducke, dukke, dokke, douke, duke
English: duck
Scots: duik, deuk, dook
Yola: duucks (plural)

From the original meaning of "diver," from Proto-West Germanic *dūkan (“to duck, dive”).


regn

reġn (canonical masculine)
reġn (nominative singular)
reġnas (nominative plural)
reġn (accusative singular)
reġnas (accusative plural)
reġnes (genitive singular)
reġna (genitive plural)
reġne (dative singular)
reġnum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: reyn, rain, rayn, rayne, rein, reine, reigne, ren, ræin, reȝȝn (Early Middle English)
English: rain
Scots: rain
Yola: rhyne, ryne

From Proto-West Germanic *regn (changed to masculine), from Proto-Germanic *regną (neuter).


into

Middle English: in-to, into, inne to, jn to, jne to, inte
English: into
Scots: intae


beo

From Proto-Germanic *biumi (“am”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰew- (“to become, be”).

der

inflection of bēon:
first-person singular indicative

inflection of bēon:
singular subjunctive


beo

bēo (canonical feminine)
bēon (nominative plural)
bēo (nominative singular)
bēon (nominative plural)
bēon (accusative singular)
bēon (accusative plural)
bēon (genitive singular)
bēona (genitive plural)
bēon (dative singular)
bēom (dative plural)
bēoum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: bee, be, beo, bey
English: bee
Scots: bee, be, beye, bie, bea
Yola: been (plural)

From Proto-West Germanic *bijā, from Proto-Germanic *bijō, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰey- (“bee”). Cognate with Old Frisian bē (West Frisian bij), Old Saxon bīa (Middle Low German bīe), Dutch bij, Old High German bīa, bini (German Biene, dialectal Beie), Old Norse bý (Danish and Swedish bi). The Indo-European root is also the source of Lithuanian bìtė, Latvian bite, Proto-Slavic *bьčela (Old Church Slavonic бьчела (bĭčela), Russian пчела́ (pčelá)), Proto-Celtic *bekos (Old Irish bech, Irish beach).


earn

earn (nominative singular)
earnas (nominative plural)
earn (accusative singular)
earnas (accusative plural)
earnes (genitive singular)
earna (genitive plural)
earne (dative singular)
earnum (dative plural)

Middle English: ern
English: erne
Scots: earn, ern, erne

…Hwīlum iċ onhyrġe þone haswan earn, gūðfugles hlēoþor; hwīlum glidan reorde mūþe ġemǣne, hwīlum mǣwes song, þǣr iċ glado sitte.

…Sometimes I imitate the grey eagle, a speech of war-bird; sometimes a kite's voice with common mouth, sometimes a gull's song when I sit gladful.


mona

mōna (canonical masculine)
mōna (nominative singular)
mōnan (nominative plural)
mōnan (accusative singular)
mōnan (accusative plural)
mōnan (genitive singular)
mōnena (genitive plural)
mōnan (dative singular)
mōnum (dative plural)

desc

Middle English: mone, moone, mon, moyn, monæ, mona

desctree

English: moon
Sranan Tongo: mun
Tok Pisin: mun
Torres Strait Creole: mun

desc

Scots: muin, mone, monne, moon, moune, mowne, moyn, moyne, mune, mwne

Yola: mond

Geordie English: muin, meun

From Proto-West Germanic *mānō, from Proto-Germanic *mēnô, from Proto-Indo-European *mḗh₁n̥s, probably a suffixed form of an ultimate root *meh₁- (“to measure”).

Lōca nū hū beorhte sē mōna tō niht sċīnþ!

Look how bright the moon is shining tonight!

On þæs mōnan lēohte læġ lȳtel ǣġ on lēafe.

In the light of the moon, a little egg lay on a leaf.

c. 994, Ælfric, On the Seasons of the Year
Sē mōna næfþ nān lēoht būtan of þǣre sunnan lēoman, and hē is ealra tungla niðemest.

The moon has no light except from the sun, and it is the lowest of all the heavenly bodies.


hate

first-person singular present indicative of hātan


inn

c. 992, Ælfric, "On the Festival of St. Peter the Apostle"
Petrus cnocode forþ oþ þæt hīe hine inn lēton.

Peter kept knocking until they let him in.

c. 990, Wessex Gospels, Matthew 25:35

c. 990, Wessex Gospels, Matthew 7:13

Hit ongann riġnan, þȳ iċ ēode inn.


rote

inflection of rōt:
strong accusative feminine singular

strong instrumental masculine/neuter singular

strong nominative/accusative masculine/feminine plural

weak nominative feminine/neuter singular

inflection of rōt:
weak accusative neuter singular


brand

brand (nominative singular)
brandas (nominative plural)
brand (accusative singular)
brandas (accusative plural)
brandes (genitive singular)
branda (genitive plural)
brande (dative singular)
brandum (dative plural)

Middle English: brand, brond

English: brand

Scots: brand

From Proto-West Germanic *brand, from Proto-Germanic *brandaz.


sec

sēc (canonical)
sēc (masculine nominative singular)
sēc (feminine nominative singular)
sēc (neuter nominative singular)
sēcne (accusative masculine singular)
sēce (accusative feminine singular)
sēc (accusative neuter singular)
sēces (genitive masculine singular)
sēcre (feminine genitive singular)
sēces (genitive neuter singular)
sēcum (dative masculine singular)
sēcre (dative feminine singular)
sēcum (dative neuter singular)
sēce (instrumental masculine singular)
sēcre (feminine instrumental singular)
sēce (instrumental neuter singular)
sēce (masculine nominative plural)
sēca (feminine nominative plural)
sēce (feminine nominative plural)
sēc (neuter nominative plural)
sēce (accusative masculine plural)
sēca (accusative feminine plural)
sēce (accusative feminine plural)
sēc (accusative neuter plural)
sēcra (genitive masculine plural)
sēcra (feminine genitive plural)
sēcra (genitive neuter plural)
sēcum (dative masculine plural)
sēcum (dative feminine plural)
sēcum (dative neuter plural)
sēcum (instrumental masculine plural)
sēcum (feminine instrumental plural)
sēcum (instrumental neuter plural)
sēca (masculine nominative singular)
sēce (feminine nominative singular)
sēce (neuter nominative singular)
sēcan (accusative masculine singular)
sēcan (accusative feminine singular)
sēce (accusative neuter singular)
sēcan (genitive masculine singular)
sēcan (feminine genitive singular)
sēcan (genitive neuter singular)
sēcan (dative masculine singular)
sēcan (dative feminine singular)
sēcan (dative neuter singular)
sēcan (instrumental masculine singular)
sēcan (feminine instrumental singular)
sēcan (instrumental neuter singular)
sēcan (masculine nominative plural)
sēcan (feminine nominative plural)
sēcan (neuter nominative plural)
sēcan (accusative masculine plural)
sēcan (accusative feminine plural)
sēcan (accusative neuter plural)
sēcra (genitive masculine plural)
sēcena (genitive masculine plural)
sēcra (feminine genitive plural)
sēcena (feminine genitive plural)
sēcra (genitive neuter plural)
sēcena (genitive neuter plural)
sēcum (dative masculine plural)
sēcum (dative feminine plural)
sēcum (dative neuter plural)
sēcum (instrumental masculine plural)
sēcum (feminine instrumental plural)
sēcum (instrumental neuter plural)


æ

letter of the Old English (Anglo-Saxon) alphabet, listed in 24th and final position by Byrhtferð (1011); Called æsċ (“ash tree”) after the Anglo-Saxon ᚫ rune


æ

ǣ (canonical feminine)
ǣ (nominative singular)
ǣ (nominative plural)
ǣ (accusative singular)
ǣ (accusative plural)
ǣ (genitive singular)
ǣwa (genitive plural)
ǣ (dative singular)
ǣwum (dative plural)

Middle English: æw, eaw, e, æ, eu

From Proto-West Germanic *aiwi. Cognate with Old Frisian and Old High German ēwa ~ ē, Old Saxon ēo.


æ

Alternative form of ēa: river, running water


pad

pād (canonical feminine)
pād (nominative singular)
pāda (nominative plural)
pāde (nominative plural)
pāde (accusative singular)
pāda (accusative plural)
pāde (accusative plural)
pāde (genitive singular)
pāda (genitive plural)
pāde (dative singular)
pādum (dative plural)

Middle English: *pod (attested in pod ware)

English: pod

From Proto-West Germanic *paidu, from Proto-Germanic *paidō.


Snotingaham

From Snot, name of a Saxon chieftain who conquered the settlement + -ing (“belonging to”) + hām (“home”).


sealtan

sealtan (infinitive)
sealtenne (infinitive)
sealte (first-person present singular)
sēolt (first-person past singular)
sielst (present second-person singular)
sieltst (present second-person singular)
sēolte (past second-person singular)
sielt (present singular third-person)
sēolt (past singular third-person)
sealtaþ (plural present)
sēolton (past plural)
sealte (present singular)
sēolte (past singular)
sealten (plural present)
sēolten (past plural)
sealt (imperative past present singular)
sealtaþ (imperative past plural present)
sealtende (imperative present)
sealten (imperative past)
ġesealten (imperative past)

Middle English: salten

English: salt

Scots: salt

[ˈsæ͜ɑɫ.tɑn]

From Proto-West Germanic *saltan, from Proto-Germanic *saltaną.


gesieltan

ġesieltan (canonical)
ġesieltan (infinitive)
ġesieltenne (infinitive)
ġesielte (first-person present singular)
ġesielte (first-person past singular)
ġesieltest (present second-person singular)
ġesielst (present second-person singular)
ġesieltst (present second-person singular)
ġesieltest (past second-person singular)
ġesielteþ (present singular third-person)
ġesielt (present singular third-person)
ġesielte (past singular third-person)
ġesieltaþ (plural present)
ġesielton (past plural)
ġesielte (present singular)
ġesielte (past singular)
ġesielten (plural present)
ġesielten (past plural)
ġesielt (imperative past present singular)
ġesieltaþ (imperative past plural present)
ġesieltende (imperative present)
ġesielted (imperative past)


su

sū (canonical feminine)
sū (nominative singular)
sȳ (nominative plural)
sū (accusative singular)
sȳ (accusative plural)
sȳ (genitive singular)
sūe (genitive singular)
sūwe (genitive singular)
sūa (genitive plural)
sūwa (genitive plural)
sȳ (dative singular)
sūm (dative plural)
sūum (dative plural)
sūwum (dative plural)

From Proto-West Germanic *sū, from Proto-Germanic *sūz, from Proto-Indo-European *suH-. Germanic cognates include Old Saxon sū, Old High German sū (whence German Sau), Old Norse sýr (whence Swedish so). Other Indo-European cognates: Ancient Greek ὗς (hûs), Latin sus, Russian свинья́ (svinʹjá).


sieltan

sieltan (infinitive)
sieltenne (infinitive)
sielte (first-person present singular)
sielte (first-person past singular)
sieltest (present second-person singular)
sielst (present second-person singular)
sieltst (present second-person singular)
sieltest (past second-person singular)
sielteþ (present singular third-person)
sielt (present singular third-person)
sielte (past singular third-person)
sieltaþ (plural present)
sielton (past plural)
sielte (present singular)
sielte (past singular)
sielten (plural present)
sielten (past plural)
sielt (imperative past present singular)
sieltaþ (imperative past plural present)
sieltende (imperative present)
sielted (imperative past)
ġesielted (imperative past)

Middle English: selten, sulten, silten

From Proto-West Germanic *saltijan, from Proto-Germanic *saltijaną, equivalent to sealt + -an.


blanc

blanc (masculine nominative singular)
blanc (feminine nominative singular)
blanc (neuter nominative singular)
blancne (accusative masculine singular)
blance (accusative feminine singular)
blanc (accusative neuter singular)
blances (genitive masculine singular)
blancre (feminine genitive singular)
blances (genitive neuter singular)
blancum (dative masculine singular)
blancre (dative feminine singular)
blancum (dative neuter singular)
blance (instrumental masculine singular)
blancre (feminine instrumental singular)
blance (instrumental neuter singular)
blance (masculine nominative plural)
blanca (feminine nominative plural)
blance (feminine nominative plural)
blanc (neuter nominative plural)
blance (accusative masculine plural)
blanca (accusative feminine plural)
blance (accusative feminine plural)
blanc (accusative neuter plural)
blancra (genitive masculine plural)
blancra (feminine genitive plural)
blancra (genitive neuter plural)
blancum (dative masculine plural)
blancum (dative feminine plural)
blancum (dative neuter plural)
blancum (instrumental masculine plural)
blancum (feminine instrumental plural)
blancum (instrumental neuter plural)
blanca (masculine nominative singular)
blance (feminine nominative singular)
blance (neuter nominative singular)
blancan (accusative masculine singular)
blancan (accusative feminine singular)
blance (accusative neuter singular)
blancan (genitive masculine singular)
blancan (feminine genitive singular)
blancan (genitive neuter singular)
blancan (dative masculine singular)
blancan (dative feminine singular)
blancan (dative neuter singular)
blancan (instrumental masculine singular)
blancan (feminine instrumental singular)
blancan (instrumental neuter singular)
blancan (masculine nominative plural)
blancan (feminine nominative plural)
blancan (neuter nominative plural)
blancan (accusative masculine plural)
blancan (accusative feminine plural)
blancan (accusative neuter plural)
blancra (genitive masculine plural)
blancena (genitive masculine plural)
blancra (feminine genitive plural)
blancena (feminine genitive plural)
blancra (genitive neuter plural)
blancena (genitive neuter plural)
blancum (dative masculine plural)
blancum (dative feminine plural)
blancum (dative neuter plural)
blancum (instrumental masculine plural)
blancum (feminine instrumental plural)
blancum (instrumental neuter plural)

Middle English: blanke, blonke

Scots: blonk

From Proto-Germanic *blankaz (“bright", "shining", "blinding", "white”), from Proto-Indo-European *bhleg- (“to shine”). Akin to Old High German blanch, planch (“bright", "white”), hence German blank (“blank", "white”), Old Norse blankr (“white”), hence Danish blank (“shiny”), Swedish blank (“shiny”), Dutch blank (“white", "shining”).


Englisc

Englisċ (canonical neuter)
Englisċ (nominative singular)
Englisċ (accusative singular)
Englisċes (genitive singular)
Englisċe (dative singular)

Spricst þū Englisċ?

Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, Manuscript D
Hēr sind on þissum īeġlande fīf ġeþēodu: Englisċ, Bretwīelisċ, Sċyttisċ, Pihtisċ, and Bōclǣden.

Here on this island, there are five languages: English, British, Scottish, Pictish, and Latin.


Englisc

Englisċ (canonical)
Englisċ (masculine nominative singular)
Englisċ (feminine nominative singular)
Englisċ (neuter nominative singular)
Englisċne (accusative masculine singular)
Englisċe (accusative feminine singular)
Englisċ (accusative neuter singular)
Englisċes (genitive masculine singular)
Englisċre (feminine genitive singular)
Englisċes (genitive neuter singular)
Englisċum (dative masculine singular)
Englisċre (dative feminine singular)
Englisċum (dative neuter singular)
Englisċe (instrumental masculine singular)
Englisċre (feminine instrumental singular)
Englisċe (instrumental neuter singular)
Englisċe (masculine nominative plural)
Englisċa (feminine nominative plural)
Englisċe (feminine nominative plural)
Englisċ (neuter nominative plural)
Englisċe (accusative masculine plural)
Englisċa (accusative feminine plural)
Englisċe (accusative feminine plural)
Englisċ (accusative neuter plural)
Englisċra (genitive masculine plural)
Englisċra (feminine genitive plural)
Englisċra (genitive neuter plural)
Englisċum (dative masculine plural)
Englisċum (dative feminine plural)
Englisċum (dative neuter plural)
Englisċum (instrumental masculine plural)
Englisċum (feminine instrumental plural)
Englisċum (instrumental neuter plural)
Englisċa (masculine nominative singular)
Englisċe (feminine nominative singular)
Englisċe (neuter nominative singular)
Englisċan (accusative masculine singular)
Englisċan (accusative feminine singular)
Englisċe (accusative neuter singular)
Englisċan (genitive masculine singular)
Englisċan (feminine genitive singular)
Englisċan (genitive neuter singular)
Englisċan (dative masculine singular)
Englisċan (dative feminine singular)
Englisċan (dative neuter singular)
Englisċan (instrumental masculine singular)
Englisċan (feminine instrumental singular)
Englisċan (instrumental neuter singular)
Englisċan (masculine nominative plural)
Englisċan (feminine nominative plural)
Englisċan (neuter nominative plural)
Englisċan (accusative masculine plural)
Englisċan (accusative feminine plural)
Englisċan (accusative neuter plural)
Englisċra (genitive masculine plural)
Englisċena (genitive masculine plural)
Englisċra (feminine genitive plural)
Englisċena (feminine genitive plural)
Englisċra (genitive neuter plural)
Englisċena (genitive neuter plural)
Englisċum (dative masculine plural)
Englisċum (dative feminine plural)
Englisċum (dative neuter plural)
Englisċum (instrumental masculine plural)
Englisċum (feminine instrumental plural)
Englisċum (instrumental neuter plural)

desctree

Middle English: Englisch, Englysshe, Englyssh, Englysch, Englysche, Englissh, English, Inglisch, Engliss, Anglisch, Ænglisce, Ennglissh
English: English
Scots: Inglis


Andreas

From Latin Andreas, displaced by the Old French ancestor of Andrew after the Norman Conquest.


ƿ

Johnson (1828): WROUGHT. [ƿꞃoᵹꝺ, Sax. The preter. and part. pass. as it seems, of work ...]

wynn, a letter of the Old English alphabet, representing the sound /w/


sniwan

snīwan (canonical)
snīwan (infinitive)
snīwenne (infinitive)
snīwe (first-person present singular)
snīwde (first-person past singular)
snīwest (present second-person singular)
snīwst (present second-person singular)
snīwdest (past second-person singular)
snīweþ (present singular third-person)
snīwþ (present singular third-person)
snīwde (past singular third-person)
snīwaþ (plural present)
snīwdon (past plural)
snīwe (present singular)
snīwde (past singular)
snīwen (plural present)
snīwden (past plural)
snīw (imperative past present singular)
snīwaþ (imperative past plural present)
snīwende (imperative present)
snīwed (imperative past)
ġesnīwed (imperative past)

Middle English: snewen, sneuwen, snew, snewe, sniwe
English: snew

From Proto-Germanic *snīwaną. Cognate with Old High German snīwan (Modern German schneien).


snawig

snāwiġ (canonical)
snāwiġ (masculine nominative singular)
snāwiġu (feminine nominative singular)
snāwġu (feminine nominative singular)
snāwiġo (feminine nominative singular)
snāwġo (feminine nominative singular)
snāwiġ (neuter nominative singular)
snāwiġne (accusative masculine singular)
snāwiġe (accusative feminine singular)
snāwġe (accusative feminine singular)
snāwiġ (accusative neuter singular)
snāwiġes (genitive masculine singular)
snāwġes (genitive masculine singular)
snāwiġre (feminine genitive singular)
snāwiġes (genitive neuter singular)
snāwġes (genitive neuter singular)
snāwiġum (dative masculine singular)
snāwġum (dative masculine singular)
snāwiġre (dative feminine singular)
snāwiġum (dative neuter singular)
snāwġum (dative neuter singular)
snāwiġe (instrumental masculine singular)
snāwġe (instrumental masculine singular)
snāwiġre (feminine instrumental singular)
snāwiġe (instrumental neuter singular)
snāwġe (instrumental neuter singular)
snāwiġe (masculine nominative plural)
snāwġe (masculine nominative plural)
snāwiġa (feminine nominative plural)
snāwġa (feminine nominative plural)
snāwiġe (feminine nominative plural)
snāwġe (feminine nominative plural)
snāwiġu (neuter nominative plural)
snāwġu (neuter nominative plural)
snāwiġo (neuter nominative plural)
snāwġo (neuter nominative plural)
snāwiġe (accusative masculine plural)
snāwġe (accusative masculine plural)
snāwiġa (accusative feminine plural)
snāwġa (accusative feminine plural)
snāwiġe (accusative feminine plural)
snāwġe (accusative feminine plural)
snāwiġu (accusative neuter plural)
snāwġu (accusative neuter plural)
snāwiġo (accusative neuter plural)
snāwġo (accusative neuter plural)
snāwiġra (genitive masculine plural)
snāwiġra (feminine genitive plural)
snāwiġra (genitive neuter plural)
snāwiġum (dative masculine plural)
snāwġum (dative masculine plural)
snāwiġum (dative feminine plural)
snāwġum (dative feminine plural)
snāwiġum (dative neuter plural)
snāwġum (dative neuter plural)
snāwiġum (instrumental masculine plural)
snāwġum (instrumental masculine plural)
snāwiġum (feminine instrumental plural)
snāwġum (feminine instrumental plural)
snāwiġum (instrumental neuter plural)
snāwġum (instrumental neuter plural)
snāwiġa (masculine nominative singular)
snāwġa (masculine nominative singular)
snāwiġe (feminine nominative singular)
snāwġe (feminine nominative singular)
snāwiġe (neuter nominative singular)
snāwġe (neuter nominative singular)
snāwiġan (accusative masculine singular)
snāwġan (accusative masculine singular)
snāwiġan (accusative feminine singular)
snāwġan (accusative feminine singular)
snāwiġe (accusative neuter singular)
snāwġe (accusative neuter singular)
snāwiġan (genitive masculine singular)
snāwġan (genitive masculine singular)
snāwiġan (feminine genitive singular)
snāwġan (feminine genitive singular)
snāwiġan (genitive neuter singular)
snāwġan (genitive neuter singular)
snāwiġan (dative masculine singular)
snāwġan (dative masculine singular)
snāwiġan (dative feminine singular)
snāwġan (dative feminine singular)
snāwiġan (dative neuter singular)
snāwġan (dative neuter singular)
snāwiġan (instrumental masculine singular)
snāwġan (instrumental masculine singular)
snāwiġan (feminine instrumental singular)
snāwġan (feminine instrumental singular)
snāwiġan (instrumental neuter singular)
snāwġan (instrumental neuter singular)
snāwiġan (masculine nominative plural)
snāwġan (masculine nominative plural)
snāwiġan (feminine nominative plural)
snāwġan (feminine nominative plural)
snāwiġan (neuter nominative plural)
snāwġan (neuter nominative plural)
snāwiġan (accusative masculine plural)
snāwġan (accusative masculine plural)
snāwiġan (accusative feminine plural)
snāwġan (accusative feminine plural)
snāwiġan (accusative neuter plural)
snāwġan (accusative neuter plural)
snāwiġra (genitive masculine plural)
snāwiġena (genitive masculine plural)
snāwġena (genitive masculine plural)
snāwiġra (feminine genitive plural)
snāwiġena (feminine genitive plural)
snāwġena (feminine genitive plural)
snāwiġra (genitive neuter plural)
snāwiġena (genitive neuter plural)
snāwġena (genitive neuter plural)
snāwiġum (dative masculine plural)
snāwġum (dative masculine plural)
snāwiġum (dative feminine plural)
snāwġum (dative feminine plural)
snāwiġum (dative neuter plural)
snāwġum (dative neuter plural)
snāwiġum (instrumental masculine plural)
snāwġum (instrumental masculine plural)
snāwiġum (feminine instrumental plural)
snāwġum (feminine instrumental plural)
snāwiġum (instrumental neuter plural)
snāwġum (instrumental neuter plural)

Middle English: snawy, snowy

English: snowy

From Proto-Germanic *snaiwagaz. Cognate with Old Saxon snēgig, Old High German snēwag, Old Norse snjóigr. Equivalent to snāw + -iġ.


ᛋ

a letter of the Old English runic alphabet, representing /s/


ᚠ

The Old English rune poem
ᚠ byþ frōfur fīra ġehwylċum...

the first letter of the Old English runic alphabet, representing /f/ and pronounced fēoh (“wealth”)


þ

a letter of the Old English alphabet, representing /θ/, which was pronounced [θ] or [ð]


bana

bana (nominative singular)
banan (nominative plural)
banan (accusative singular)
banan (accusative plural)
banan (genitive singular)
banena (genitive plural)
banan (dative singular)
banum (dative plural)

Middle English: bane, ban, bayn, beone, bone
English: bane
Scots: bane, baine, bain, bayn, bone

From Proto-West Germanic *banō, from Proto-Germanic *banô. Cognate with Old Frisian bona, Old Saxon bano, Old High German bano, Old Norse bani.

Hie næfre his banan folgian noldon.

They never would pursue his murderer. (Saxon Chronicles)


sealt

sealt (nominative plural)
sealt (nominative singular)
sealt (nominative plural)
sealt (accusative singular)
sealt (accusative plural)
sealtes (genitive singular)
sealta (genitive plural)
sealte (dative singular)
sealtum (dative plural)

From Proto-West Germanic *salt, from Proto-Germanic *saltą (“salt”), *saltaz (“salty”), from Proto-Indo-European *seh₂l-.
Akin to Old Frisian salt, Old Dutch *salt, Old Saxon salt, Old High German salz, Old Norse salt.


sealt

sealt (masculine nominative singular)
sealt (feminine nominative singular)
sealt (neuter nominative singular)
sealtne (accusative masculine singular)
sealte (accusative feminine singular)
sealt (accusative neuter singular)
sealtes (genitive masculine singular)
sealtre (feminine genitive singular)
sealtes (genitive neuter singular)
sealtum (dative masculine singular)
sealtre (dative feminine singular)
sealtum (dative neuter singular)
sealte (instrumental masculine singular)
sealtre (feminine instrumental singular)
sealte (instrumental neuter singular)
sealte (masculine nominative plural)
sealta (feminine nominative plural)
sealte (feminine nominative plural)
sealt (neuter nominative plural)
sealte (accusative masculine plural)
sealta (accusative feminine plural)
sealte (accusative feminine plural)
sealt (accusative neuter plural)
sealtra (genitive masculine plural)
sealtra (feminine genitive plural)
sealtra (genitive neuter plural)
sealtum (dative masculine plural)
sealtum (dative feminine plural)
sealtum (dative neuter plural)
sealtum (instrumental masculine plural)
sealtum (feminine instrumental plural)
sealtum (instrumental neuter plural)
sealta (masculine nominative singular)
sealte (feminine nominative singular)
sealte (neuter nominative singular)
sealtan (accusative masculine singular)
sealtan (accusative feminine singular)
sealte (accusative neuter singular)
sealtan (genitive masculine singular)
sealtan (feminine genitive singular)
sealtan (genitive neuter singular)
sealtan (dative masculine singular)
sealtan (dative feminine singular)
sealtan (dative neuter singular)
sealtan (instrumental masculine singular)
sealtan (feminine instrumental singular)
sealtan (instrumental neuter singular)
sealtan (masculine nominative plural)
sealtan (feminine nominative plural)
sealtan (neuter nominative plural)
sealtan (accusative masculine plural)
sealtan (accusative feminine plural)
sealtan (accusative neuter plural)
sealtra (genitive masculine plural)
sealtena (genitive masculine plural)
sealtra (feminine genitive plural)
sealtena (feminine genitive plural)
sealtra (genitive neuter plural)
sealtena (genitive neuter plural)
sealtum (dative masculine plural)
sealtum (dative feminine plural)
sealtum (dative neuter plural)
sealtum (instrumental masculine plural)
sealtum (feminine instrumental plural)
sealtum (instrumental neuter plural)

Middle English: salt
English: salt
Scots: sawt, salt, saut
Yola: zall

sealte flodas


brada

strong nominative/accusative feminine plural

inflection of brād:
weak nominative masculine singular


pal

pāl (canonical masculine)
pāl (nominative singular)
pālas (nominative plural)
pāl (accusative singular)
pālas (accusative plural)
pāles (genitive singular)
pāla (genitive plural)
pāle (dative singular)
pālum (dative plural)

Middle English: pole, pol, poll, pall, paal
English: pole
Scots: pale, pall
Yola: pulmere

Borrowed from Latin pālus (“stake”), possibly through a Proto-West Germanic intermediate *pāl. Compare Old High German pfāl (German Pfahl), Old Dutch pāl (Dutch paal). Doublet of pǣl, from the variant Proto-West Germanic *pāli.


bu

neuter nominative/accusative singular of beġen


blostmian

blostmian (infinitive)
blostmienne (infinitive)
blostmiġe (first-person present singular)
blostmode (first-person past singular)
blostmast (present second-person singular)
blostmodest (past second-person singular)
blostmaþ (present singular third-person)
blostmode (past singular third-person)
blostmiaþ (plural present)
blostmodon (past plural)
blostmiġe (present singular)
blostmode (past singular)
blostmiġen (plural present)
blostmoden (past plural)
blostma (imperative past present singular)
blostmiaþ (imperative past plural present)
blostmiende (imperative present)
blostmod (imperative past)
ġeblostmod (imperative past)

Middle English: blosmen, blosme, blosmyn, blossemen, blossmen
English: blossom
Scots: blossom


sæteresdæg

sæteresdæġ (canonical masculine)
sæteresdæġ (nominative singular)
sæteresdagas (nominative plural)
sæteresdæġ (accusative singular)
sæteresdagas (accusative plural)
sæteresdæġes (genitive singular)
sæteresdaga (genitive plural)
sæteresdæġe (dative singular)
sæteresdagum (dative plural)


æcced

æċċed (canonical neuter)
æċċed (nominative plural)
æċċed (nominative singular)
æċċed (accusative singular)
æċċedes (genitive singular)
æċċede (dative singular)


æced

æċed (canonical neuter)
æċed (nominative singular)
æċed (accusative singular)
æċedes (genitive singular)
æċede (dative singular)

From Proto-West Germanic *aket, from Latin acētum. Compare Old Saxon ecid, West Frisian jittik, Old High German ezzih (German Essig), Old Norse edik (Danish eddike, Swedish ättika).


sæternesdæg

sæternesdæġ (canonical masculine)
sæternesdæġ (nominative singular)
sæternesdagas (nominative plural)
sæternesdæġ (accusative singular)
sæternesdagas (accusative plural)
sæternesdæġes (genitive singular)
sæternesdaga (genitive plural)
sæternesdæġe (dative singular)
sæternesdagum (dative plural)

Middle English: Saterday, Seterday, Ceterday, Satirday, Saturday, Saturnesday, zeterday
English: Saturday
Tok Pisin: Sarere
Scots: Seturday
Yola: Zathardei, zatherdei

From Proto-West Germanic *Sāturnas dag; equivalent to Sætern (“Saturn”) + dæġ (“day”). Ultimately a calque of Latin diēs Sāturnī (“day of Saturn”).


Adam

Adam (nominative singular)
Adamas (nominative plural)
Adam (accusative singular)
Adamas (accusative plural)
Adames (genitive singular)
Adama (genitive plural)
Adame (dative singular)
Adamum (dative plural)

Middle English: Adam

English: Adam

Scots: Adam

Ultimately from Hebrew אָדָם (adam, “earth, man”)


ædre

ǣdre (canonical feminine)
ǣdre (nominative singular)
ǣdran (nominative plural)
ǣdran (accusative singular)
ǣdran (accusative plural)
ǣdran (genitive singular)
ǣdrena (genitive plural)
ǣdran (dative singular)
ǣdrum (dative plural)

Middle English: edre

From Proto-Germanic *ēþrǭ. Cognates include Old Frisian ēdere, Old High German ādra, Old Norse æðr.


ædre

desc

Middle English: ȝedire, yēder (“frequently”)

From Proto-Germanic *ēdraz, from Proto-Indo-European *āt- (“quick”). Cognate with Old High German atar, Old Saxon adro, Latvian ātrs.


orc

orcas (nominative plural)
orc (nominative singular)
orcas (nominative plural)
orc (accusative singular)
orcas (accusative plural)
orces (genitive singular)
orca (genitive plural)
orce (dative singular)
orcum (dative plural)


orc

orc (nominative singular)
orcas (nominative plural)
orc (accusative singular)
orcas (accusative plural)
orces (genitive singular)
orca (genitive plural)
orce (dative singular)
orcum (dative plural)

From Latin Orcus (“the underworld; the god Pluto”).


ange

ange (masculine nominative singular)
angu (feminine nominative singular)
ango (feminine nominative singular)
ange (neuter nominative singular)
angne (accusative masculine singular)
ange (accusative feminine singular)
ange (accusative neuter singular)
anges (genitive masculine singular)
angre (feminine genitive singular)
anges (genitive neuter singular)
angum (dative masculine singular)
angre (dative feminine singular)
angum (dative neuter singular)
ange (instrumental masculine singular)
angre (feminine instrumental singular)
ange (instrumental neuter singular)
ange (masculine nominative plural)
anga (feminine nominative plural)
ange (feminine nominative plural)
angu (neuter nominative plural)
ango (neuter nominative plural)
ange (accusative masculine plural)
anga (accusative feminine plural)
ange (accusative feminine plural)
angu (accusative neuter plural)
ango (accusative neuter plural)
angra (genitive masculine plural)
angra (feminine genitive plural)
angra (genitive neuter plural)
angum (dative masculine plural)
angum (dative feminine plural)
angum (dative neuter plural)
angum (instrumental masculine plural)
angum (feminine instrumental plural)
angum (instrumental neuter plural)
anga (masculine nominative singular)
ange (feminine nominative singular)
ange (neuter nominative singular)
angan (accusative masculine singular)
angan (accusative feminine singular)
ange (accusative neuter singular)
angan (genitive masculine singular)
angan (feminine genitive singular)
angan (genitive neuter singular)
angan (dative masculine singular)
angan (dative feminine singular)
angan (dative neuter singular)
angan (instrumental masculine singular)
angan (feminine instrumental singular)
angan (instrumental neuter singular)
angan (masculine nominative plural)
angan (feminine nominative plural)
angan (neuter nominative plural)
angan (accusative masculine plural)
angan (accusative feminine plural)
angan (accusative neuter plural)
angra (genitive masculine plural)
angena (genitive masculine plural)
angra (feminine genitive plural)
angena (feminine genitive plural)
angra (genitive neuter plural)
angena (genitive neuter plural)
angum (dative masculine plural)
angum (dative feminine plural)
angum (dative neuter plural)
angum (instrumental masculine plural)
angum (feminine instrumental plural)
angum (instrumental neuter plural)

desctree

Middle English: ange
⇒ English: agnail, hangnail
⇒ Yola: angish

From Proto-West Germanic *angī, from Proto-Germanic *anguz.

Ufan hit is enge

Ðā wæs ðām cynge swīðe ange on his mōde

Then the king was very troubled in his mind

Sē enga dēað


Babilonie

Babylon (the ancient capital of the kingdom of Babylonia, in modern Iraq)


Babilonige

Babilōniġe (canonical feminine)
Babilōniġe (nominative singular)
Babilōniġan (accusative singular)
Babilōniġan (genitive singular)
Babilōniġan (dative singular)


basnian

bāsnian (canonical)
bāsnian (infinitive)
bāsnienne (infinitive)
bāsniġe (first-person present singular)
bāsnode (first-person past singular)
bāsnast (present second-person singular)
bāsnodest (past second-person singular)
bāsnaþ (present singular third-person)
bāsnode (past singular third-person)
bāsniaþ (plural present)
bāsnodon (past plural)
bāsniġe (present singular)
bāsnode (past singular)
bāsniġen (plural present)
bāsnoden (past plural)
bāsna (imperative past present singular)
bāsniaþ (imperative past plural present)
bāsniende (imperative present)
bāsnod (imperative past)
ġebāsnod (imperative past)


Xerxis

Xerxis (nominative singular)
Xerxis (accusative singular)
Xerxises (genitive singular)
Xerxise (dative singular)

Borrowed from Latin Xerxes, from Ancient Greek Ξέρξης (Xérxēs).

Xerxes, the King of Persia from 485 BCE to 465 BCE


basnung

bāsnung (canonical feminine)
bāsnung (nominative singular)
bāsnunga (nominative plural)
bāsnunge (nominative plural)
bāsnunge (accusative singular)
bāsnunga (accusative plural)
bāsnunge (accusative plural)
bāsnunge (genitive singular)
bāsnunga (genitive plural)
bāsnunge (dative singular)
bāsnungum (dative plural)


bacan

bacan (infinitive)
bacenne (infinitive)
bace (first-person present singular)
bōc (first-person past singular)
bæcst (present second-person singular)
bōce (past second-person singular)
bæcþ (present singular third-person)
bōc (past singular third-person)
bacaþ (plural present)
bōcon (past plural)
bace (present singular)
bōce (past singular)
bacen (plural present)
bōcen (past plural)
bac (imperative past present singular)
bacaþ (imperative past plural present)
bacende (imperative present)
bæcen (imperative past)
ġebæcen (imperative past)
bacen (imperative past)
ġebacen (imperative past)

Middle English: baken, bakyn, bake, bakenn
English: bake
Scots: bake
→ Irish: bácáil

From Proto-West Germanic *bakan, from Proto-Germanic *bakaną, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₃g-.

Sē bæcere bæcþ ǣlċe morgne þrītiġ berenra hlāfa.

The baker bakes thirty loaves of barley bread every morning.


lace

first-person singular present indicative of lācan


badian

bādian (canonical)
bādian (infinitive)
bādienne (infinitive)
bādiġe (first-person present singular)
bādode (first-person past singular)
bādast (present second-person singular)
bādodest (past second-person singular)
bādaþ (present singular third-person)
bādode (past singular third-person)
bādiaþ (plural present)
bādodon (past plural)
bādiġe (present singular)
bādode (past singular)
bādiġen (plural present)
bādoden (past plural)
bāda (imperative past present singular)
bādiaþ (imperative past plural present)
bādiende (imperative present)
bādod (imperative past)
ġebādod (imperative past)


wicca

wiċċa (canonical masculine)
wiċċa (nominative singular)
wiċċan (nominative plural)
wiċċan (accusative singular)
wiċċan (accusative plural)
wiċċan (genitive singular)
wiċċena (genitive plural)
wiċċan (dative singular)
wiċċum (dative plural)

Middle English: wicche, wikke, wikked

English: witch, → Wicca, wicked

Scots: wich, wicked, wicket

From Proto-Germanic *wikkô (“necromancer, sorcerer”).
Further etymology uncertain; apparently from Proto-Indo-European *weyk- (“separate, divide”), conjectured to be because of early Germanic divinatory practices to do with casting lots (cleromancy).
The exact etymology is problematic. R. Lühr (Expressivität und Lautgesetz im Germanischen, Heidelberg (1988), p. 354) connects wigol "prophetic, mantic", wīglian "to practice divination" (Middle Low German wichelen (“bewitch”) and suggests Proto-Germanic *wigōn, via Kluge's law becoming *wikkōn. The basic form would then be the feminine, wicce /ˈwɪt͡ʃe/, from *wikkæ, from *wikkōn with palatalization due to the preceding i and the following *æ, from *ōn. The palatal -cc- /t͡ʃ/ in wicca would then be analogous to the feminine.
An alternative possibility is to derive the palatal /t͡ʃ/ directly from the verb wiccian, from *wikkija (OED, s.v. witch). Lühr conversely favours derivation of this verb from the noun.

der

c. 890, Ælfred, Domboc, Prologue
Ða fæmnan þe gewuniað onfon gealdorcræftigan ⁊ scinlæcan ⁊ wiccan, ne læt þu ða libban.

Women who are accustomed to receiving enchanters and sorceresses and witches, do not let them live.

wizard, sorcerer, magician, druid, necromancer


æwnung

ǣwnung (canonical feminine)
ǣwnung (nominative singular)
ǣwnunge (accusative singular)
ǣwnunge (genitive singular)
ǣwnunge (dative singular)


beæwnian

beǣwnian (canonical)
beǣwnian (infinitive)
beǣwnienne (infinitive)
beǣwniġe (first-person present singular)
beǣwnode (first-person past singular)
beǣwnast (present second-person singular)
beǣwnodest (past second-person singular)
beǣwnaþ (present singular third-person)
beǣwnode (past singular third-person)
beǣwniaþ (plural present)
beǣwnodon (past plural)
beǣwniġe (present singular)
beǣwnode (past singular)
beǣwniġen (plural present)
beǣwnoden (past plural)
beǣwna (imperative past present singular)
beǣwniaþ (imperative past plural present)
beǣwniende (imperative present)
beǣwnod (imperative past)


æwlic

ǣwlīċ (canonical)
ǣwlīċ (masculine nominative singular)
ǣwlīċ (feminine nominative singular)
ǣwlīċu (feminine nominative singular)
ǣwlīċo (feminine nominative singular)
ǣwlīċ (neuter nominative singular)
ǣwlīcne (accusative masculine singular)
ǣwlīċe (accusative feminine singular)
ǣwlīċ (accusative neuter singular)
ǣwlīċes (genitive masculine singular)
ǣwlīcre (feminine genitive singular)
ǣwlīċes (genitive neuter singular)
ǣwlīċum (dative masculine singular)
ǣwlīcre (dative feminine singular)
ǣwlīċum (dative neuter singular)
ǣwlīċe (instrumental masculine singular)
ǣwlīcre (feminine instrumental singular)
ǣwlīċe (instrumental neuter singular)
ǣwlīċe (masculine nominative plural)
ǣwlīċa (feminine nominative plural)
ǣwlīċe (feminine nominative plural)
ǣwlīċ (neuter nominative plural)
ǣwlīċu (neuter nominative plural)
ǣwlīċo (neuter nominative plural)
ǣwlīċe (accusative masculine plural)
ǣwlīċa (accusative feminine plural)
ǣwlīċe (accusative feminine plural)
ǣwlīċ (accusative neuter plural)
ǣwlīċu (accusative neuter plural)
ǣwlīċo (accusative neuter plural)
ǣwlīcra (genitive masculine plural)
ǣwlīcra (feminine genitive plural)
ǣwlīcra (genitive neuter plural)
ǣwlīċum (dative masculine plural)
ǣwlīċum (dative feminine plural)
ǣwlīċum (dative neuter plural)
ǣwlīċum (instrumental masculine plural)
ǣwlīċum (feminine instrumental plural)
ǣwlīċum (instrumental neuter plural)
ǣwlīċa (masculine nominative singular)
ǣwlīċe (feminine nominative singular)
ǣwlīċe (neuter nominative singular)
ǣwlīċan (accusative masculine singular)
ǣwlīċan (accusative feminine singular)
ǣwlīċe (accusative neuter singular)
ǣwlīċan (genitive masculine singular)
ǣwlīċan (feminine genitive singular)
ǣwlīċan (genitive neuter singular)
ǣwlīċan (dative masculine singular)
ǣwlīċan (dative feminine singular)
ǣwlīċan (dative neuter singular)
ǣwlīċan (instrumental masculine singular)
ǣwlīċan (feminine instrumental singular)
ǣwlīċan (instrumental neuter singular)
ǣwlīċan (masculine nominative plural)
ǣwlīċan (feminine nominative plural)
ǣwlīċan (neuter nominative plural)
ǣwlīċan (accusative masculine plural)
ǣwlīċan (accusative feminine plural)
ǣwlīċan (accusative neuter plural)
ǣwlīcra (genitive masculine plural)
ǣwlīċena (genitive masculine plural)
ǣwlīcra (feminine genitive plural)
ǣwlīċena (feminine genitive plural)
ǣwlīcra (genitive neuter plural)
ǣwlīċena (genitive neuter plural)
ǣwlīċum (dative masculine plural)
ǣwlīċum (dative feminine plural)
ǣwlīċum (dative neuter plural)
ǣwlīċum (instrumental masculine plural)
ǣwlīċum (feminine instrumental plural)
ǣwlīċum (instrumental neuter plural)


æbylgan

ǣbylġan (canonical)
ǣbylġan (infinitive)
ǣbylġenne (infinitive)
ǣbylġe (first-person present singular)
ǣbylġde (first-person past singular)
ǣbylġest (present second-person singular)
ǣbylġst (present second-person singular)
ǣbylġdest (past second-person singular)
ǣbylġeþ (present singular third-person)
ǣbylġþ (present singular third-person)
ǣbylġde (past singular third-person)
ǣbylġaþ (plural present)
ǣbylġdon (past plural)
ǣbylġe (present singular)
ǣbylġde (past singular)
ǣbylġen (plural present)
ǣbylġden (past plural)
ǣbylġ (imperative past present singular)
ǣbylġaþ (imperative past plural present)
ǣbylġende (imperative present)
ǣbylġed (imperative past)
ġeǣbylġed (imperative past)


æswician

ǣswician (canonical)
ǣswician (infinitive)
ǣswicienne (infinitive)
ǣswiciġe (first-person present singular)
ǣswicode (first-person past singular)
ǣswicast (present second-person singular)
ǣswicodest (past second-person singular)
ǣswicaþ (present singular third-person)
ǣswicode (past singular third-person)
ǣswiciaþ (plural present)
ǣswicodon (past plural)
ǣswiciġe (present singular)
ǣswicode (past singular)
ǣswiciġen (plural present)
ǣswicoden (past plural)
ǣswica (imperative past present singular)
ǣswiciaþ (imperative past plural present)
ǣswiciende (imperative present)
ǣswicod (imperative past)
ġeǣswicod (imperative past)

to offend, scandalize; to depart from the law or from good practice


æwnian

ǣwnian (canonical)
ǣwnian (infinitive)
ǣwnienne (infinitive)
ǣwniġe (first-person present singular)
ǣwnode (first-person past singular)
ǣwnast (present second-person singular)
ǣwnodest (past second-person singular)
ǣwnaþ (present singular third-person)
ǣwnode (past singular third-person)
ǣwniaþ (plural present)
ǣwnodon (past plural)
ǣwniġe (present singular)
ǣwnode (past singular)
ǣwniġen (plural present)
ǣwnoden (past plural)
ǣwna (imperative past present singular)
ǣwniaþ (imperative past plural present)
ǣwniende (imperative present)
ǣwnod (imperative past)
ġeǣwnod (imperative past)

From ǣ (“law, marriage”) + -nian. The w comes from the earlier form ǣw (from Proto-Germanic *aiwaz).


æþryttan

ǣþryttan (canonical)
ǣþryttan (infinitive)
ǣþryttenne (infinitive)
ǣþrytte (first-person present singular)
ǣþrytte (first-person past singular)
ǣþrytst (present second-person singular)
ǣþryttest (past second-person singular)
ǣþrytt (present singular third-person)
ǣþryt (present singular third-person)
ǣþrytte (past singular third-person)
ǣþryttaþ (plural present)
ǣþrytton (past plural)
ǣþrytte (present singular)
ǣþrytte (past singular)
ǣþrytten (plural present)
ǣþrytten (past plural)
ǣþryte (imperative past present singular)
ǣþryttaþ (imperative past plural present)
ǣþryttende (imperative present)
ǣþryted (imperative past)
ǣþrytt (imperative past)
ǣþryt (imperative past)


ælan

ǣlan (canonical)
ǣlan (infinitive)
ǣlenne (infinitive)
ǣle (first-person present singular)
ǣlde (first-person past singular)
ǣlest (present second-person singular)
ǣlst (present second-person singular)
ǣldest (past second-person singular)
ǣleþ (present singular third-person)
ǣlþ (present singular third-person)
ǣlde (past singular third-person)
ǣlaþ (plural present)
ǣldon (past plural)
ǣle (present singular)
ǣlde (past singular)
ǣlen (plural present)
ǣlden (past plural)
ǣl (imperative past present singular)
ǣlaþ (imperative past plural present)
ǣlende (imperative present)
ǣled (imperative past)
ġeǣled (imperative past)

From Proto-West Germanic *ailijan (“to kindle”).

inh

Brond biþ ontyhte, æleþ ealdgestreon

Let the brand be lighted and consume the old treasure.


æfnan

æfnan (infinitive)
æfnenne (infinitive)
æfne (first-person present singular)
æfnde (first-person past singular)
æfnede (first-person past singular)
æfnest (present second-person singular)
æfndest (past second-person singular)
æfnedest (past second-person singular)
æfneþ (present singular third-person)
æfnde (past singular third-person)
æfnede (past singular third-person)
æfnaþ (plural present)
æfndon (past plural)
æfnedon (past plural)
æfne (present singular)
æfnde (past singular)
æfnede (past singular)
æfnen (plural present)
æfnden (past plural)
æfneden (past plural)
æfne (imperative past present singular)
æfnaþ (imperative past plural present)
æfnende (imperative present)
æfned (imperative past)
ġeæfned (imperative past)

From Proto-Germanic *abnijaną, from Proto-Indo-European *op-.


æmtian

ǣmtian (canonical)
ǣmtian (infinitive)
ǣmtienne (infinitive)
ǣmtiġe (first-person present singular)
ǣmtode (first-person past singular)
ǣmtast (present second-person singular)
ǣmtodest (past second-person singular)
ǣmtaþ (present singular third-person)
ǣmtode (past singular third-person)
ǣmtiaþ (plural present)
ǣmtodon (past plural)
ǣmtiġe (present singular)
ǣmtode (past singular)
ǣmtiġen (plural present)
ǣmtoden (past plural)
ǣmta (imperative past present singular)
ǣmtiaþ (imperative past plural present)
ǣmtiende (imperative present)
ǣmtod (imperative past)
ġeǣmtod (imperative past)

English: empt


ærendian

ǣrendian (canonical)
ǣrendian (infinitive)
ǣrendienne (infinitive)
ǣrendiġe (first-person present singular)
ǣrendode (first-person past singular)
ǣrendast (present second-person singular)
ǣrendodest (past second-person singular)
ǣrendaþ (present singular third-person)
ǣrendode (past singular third-person)
ǣrendiaþ (plural present)
ǣrendodon (past plural)
ǣrendiġe (present singular)
ǣrendode (past singular)
ǣrendiġen (plural present)
ǣrendoden (past plural)
ǣrenda (imperative past present singular)
ǣrendiaþ (imperative past plural present)
ǣrendiende (imperative present)
ǣrendod (imperative past)
ġeǣrendod (imperative past)

desc

Middle English: arndien, erndien, erenden, ernden

English: errand

From Proto-West Germanic *ārundijōn, variant of *ārundijan, equivalent to ǣrende + -ian.

to go on an errand, carry news, carry a message, send word to


ætrian

ǣtrian (canonical)
ǣtrian (infinitive)
ǣtrienne (infinitive)
ǣtriġe (first-person present singular)
ǣtrode (first-person past singular)
ǣtrast (present second-person singular)
ǣtrodest (past second-person singular)
ǣtraþ (present singular third-person)
ǣtrode (past singular third-person)
ǣtriaþ (plural present)
ǣtrodon (past plural)
ǣtriġe (present singular)
ǣtrode (past singular)
ǣtriġen (plural present)
ǣtroden (past plural)
ǣtra (imperative past present singular)
ǣtriaþ (imperative past plural present)
ǣtriende (imperative present)
ǣtrod (imperative past)
ġeǣtrod (imperative past)

desctree

Middle English: attren
English: atter
Scots: etter (vocalism may be due to influence from Old Norse eitra)

From Proto-West Germanic *aitrōn, from Proto-Germanic *aitrōną (“to fester, putrify”), equivalent to ātor (“poison”) + -ian. Cognate with Old High German eitarōn, eittarōn, Old Norse eitra.

inh

(intransitive) to make or become poisonous


fang

fang (nominative singular)
fangas (nominative plural)
fang (accusative singular)
fangas (accusative plural)
fanges (genitive singular)
fanga (genitive plural)
fange (dative singular)
fangum (dative plural)

From Proto-Germanic *fangą, *fangiz, *fanhiz (“catch, catching, seizure”), from *fanhaną (“to catch, capture”).


camp

camp (nominative singular)
campas (nominative plural)
camp (accusative singular)
campas (accusative plural)
campes (genitive singular)
campa (genitive plural)
campe (dative singular)
campum (dative plural)

From Proto-West Germanic *kamp, from Latin campus.


camp

desctree

Middle English: kampe, komp, comp
English: camp (see there for further descendants)
Scots: camp


saga

Middle English: sawe

Scots: seg

English: saw
Sranan Tongo: sa

From Proto-West Germanic *sagu, from Proto-Germanic *sagô (“saw, scythe”), *sagō, from Proto-Indo-European *sek-, *sēik- (“to cut”).
Cognate with Old Frisian sage (West Frisian seage), Old Saxon saga, Middle Dutch sage, saghe (Dutch zaag), Old High German [Term?] (“saga”) (German Säge), Old Norse sǫg (Icelandic sög, Danish sav, Swedish såg).


saga

sagan (nominative plural)
saga (nominative singular)
sagan (nominative plural)
sagan (accusative singular)
sagan (accusative plural)
sagan (genitive singular)
sagena (genitive plural)
sagan (dative singular)
sagum (dative plural)

From Proto-West Germanic *sagā, from Proto-Germanic *sagō, *sagǭ (“saying, story”), from Proto-Indo-European *sekʷe-, *skʷē- (“to tell, talk”). More at saw.


tam

tam (masculine nominative singular)
tamu (feminine nominative singular)
tamo (feminine nominative singular)
tam (neuter nominative singular)
tamne (accusative masculine singular)
tame (accusative feminine singular)
tam (accusative neuter singular)
tames (genitive masculine singular)
tamre (feminine genitive singular)
tames (genitive neuter singular)
tamum (dative masculine singular)
tamre (dative feminine singular)
tamum (dative neuter singular)
tame (instrumental masculine singular)
tamre (feminine instrumental singular)
tame (instrumental neuter singular)
tame (masculine nominative plural)
tama (feminine nominative plural)
tame (feminine nominative plural)
tamu (neuter nominative plural)
tamo (neuter nominative plural)
tame (accusative masculine plural)
tama (accusative feminine plural)
tame (accusative feminine plural)
tamu (accusative neuter plural)
tamo (accusative neuter plural)
tamra (genitive masculine plural)
tamra (feminine genitive plural)
tamra (genitive neuter plural)
tamum (dative masculine plural)
tamum (dative feminine plural)
tamum (dative neuter plural)
tamum (instrumental masculine plural)
tamum (feminine instrumental plural)
tamum (instrumental neuter plural)
tama (masculine nominative singular)
tame (feminine nominative singular)
tame (neuter nominative singular)
taman (accusative masculine singular)
taman (accusative feminine singular)
tame (accusative neuter singular)
taman (genitive masculine singular)
taman (feminine genitive singular)
taman (genitive neuter singular)
taman (dative masculine singular)
taman (dative feminine singular)
taman (dative neuter singular)
taman (instrumental masculine singular)
taman (feminine instrumental singular)
taman (instrumental neuter singular)
taman (masculine nominative plural)
taman (feminine nominative plural)
taman (neuter nominative plural)
taman (accusative masculine plural)
taman (accusative feminine plural)
taman (accusative neuter plural)
tamra (genitive masculine plural)
tamena (genitive masculine plural)
tamra (feminine genitive plural)
tamena (feminine genitive plural)
tamra (genitive neuter plural)
tamena (genitive neuter plural)
tamum (dative masculine plural)
tamum (dative feminine plural)
tamum (dative neuter plural)
tamum (instrumental masculine plural)
tamum (feminine instrumental plural)
tamum (instrumental neuter plural)

Middle English: tame, tam, tom, tome (early Southwest and Southwest Midlands)
English: tame
Scots: tame


part

Middle English: part, parde, paart, parte, perte
English: part
Scots: pairt

Borrowed from Latin partem, accusative of pars (“piece, portion, share, side, party, faction, role, character, lot, fate, task, lesson, part, member”)


bean

head

bēan f (nominative plural bēana or bēane)

bēan (canonical feminine)
bēana (nominative plural)
bēane (nominative plural)
bēan (nominative singular)
bēana (nominative plural)
bēane (nominative plural)
bēane (accusative singular)
bēana (accusative plural)
bēane (accusative plural)
bēane (genitive singular)
bēana (genitive plural)
bēane (dative singular)
bēanum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: bene, beane, beene, beyn, ben, bean
English: bean
Scots: bein, bene
Yola: beanès, beanes, baanès, baanes, banès (plural)

From Proto-West Germanic *baunu.
Cognates
Cognate with Old Frisian bāne, bām (West Frisian bean), Old Saxon bōna (Low German Bohn), Dutch boon, Old High German bōna (German Bohne), Old Norse baun (Danish bønne, Swedish böna).


mitta

mitta (nominative singular)
mittan (nominative plural)
mittan (accusative singular)
mittan (accusative plural)
mittan (genitive singular)
mittena (genitive plural)
mittan (dative singular)
mittum (dative plural)


teo

first-person singular present indicative

inflection of tēon:
singular present subjunctive


pere

pere (nominative singular)
peran (nominative plural)
peran (accusative singular)
peran (accusative plural)
peran (genitive singular)
perena (genitive plural)
peran (dative singular)
perum (dative plural)

English: pear


deaf

dēaf (canonical)
dēaf (masculine nominative singular)
dēaf (feminine nominative singular)
dēaf (neuter nominative singular)
dēafne (accusative masculine singular)
dēafe (accusative feminine singular)
dēaf (accusative neuter singular)
dēafes (genitive masculine singular)
dēafre (feminine genitive singular)
dēafes (genitive neuter singular)
dēafum (dative masculine singular)
dēafre (dative feminine singular)
dēafum (dative neuter singular)
dēafe (instrumental masculine singular)
dēafre (feminine instrumental singular)
dēafe (instrumental neuter singular)
dēafe (masculine nominative plural)
dēafa (feminine nominative plural)
dēafe (feminine nominative plural)
dēaf (neuter nominative plural)
dēafe (accusative masculine plural)
dēafa (accusative feminine plural)
dēafe (accusative feminine plural)
dēaf (accusative neuter plural)
dēafra (genitive masculine plural)
dēafra (feminine genitive plural)
dēafra (genitive neuter plural)
dēafum (dative masculine plural)
dēafum (dative feminine plural)
dēafum (dative neuter plural)
dēafum (instrumental masculine plural)
dēafum (feminine instrumental plural)
dēafum (instrumental neuter plural)
dēafa (masculine nominative singular)
dēafe (feminine nominative singular)
dēafe (neuter nominative singular)
dēafan (accusative masculine singular)
dēafan (accusative feminine singular)
dēafe (accusative neuter singular)
dēafan (genitive masculine singular)
dēafan (feminine genitive singular)
dēafan (genitive neuter singular)
dēafan (dative masculine singular)
dēafan (dative feminine singular)
dēafan (dative neuter singular)
dēafan (instrumental masculine singular)
dēafan (feminine instrumental singular)
dēafan (instrumental neuter singular)
dēafan (masculine nominative plural)
dēafan (feminine nominative plural)
dēafan (neuter nominative plural)
dēafan (accusative masculine plural)
dēafan (accusative feminine plural)
dēafan (accusative neuter plural)
dēafra (genitive masculine plural)
dēafena (genitive masculine plural)
dēafra (feminine genitive plural)
dēafena (feminine genitive plural)
dēafra (genitive neuter plural)
dēafena (genitive neuter plural)
dēafum (dative masculine plural)
dēafum (dative feminine plural)
dēafum (dative neuter plural)
dēafum (instrumental masculine plural)
dēafum (feminine instrumental plural)
dēafum (instrumental neuter plural)

Middle English: deef, def
English: deaf
Scots: deef, deif, deaf

From Proto-West Germanic *daub.
Germanic cognates include Old Frisian dāf, Old Saxon dōf (Low German dow), Old High German toub (German taub), Old Norse daufr (Swedish döv). The Indo-European root is also the source of Greek τυφλός (tyflós, “blind”).

late 10th century, Ælfric, Lives of Saints
Fif and twentiġ manna myslīċe ġeuntrume cōmon tō þām hālgan heora hǣle biddende; sum wǣron blinde, sume wǣron healte, sume ēac dēafe, and dumbe ēac sum and hī ealle wurdon ānes dæġes ġehǣlede þurh þæs hālgan þingunge and him hām ġewendon.

Twenty-five men, sickened in various ways, came to the saint begging for the health; some were blind, some were lame, some were also deaf, and some were dumb, and they were all healed in one day through the intercession of the saint and went home.


nest

nest (nominative singular)
nest (nominative plural)
nest (accusative singular)
nest (accusative plural)
nestes (genitive singular)
nesta (genitive plural)
neste (dative singular)
nestum (dative plural)

Middle English: nest, neste, nist, nyst, neest
English: nest
Scots: nest
Yola: naesth

From Proto-West Germanic *nest, from Proto-Germanic *nestą. Cognate with Old Church Slavonic гнѣздо (gnězdo, “nest”), Old Irish net (“nest”), Latin nīdus (“nest”), Sanskrit नीड (nīḍa, “nest”), Albanian neth (“sprout, bud”), Old Armenian նիստ (nist, “sitting; seat; property”).

cog

Ealle fuglas habbaþ heora nest ongunnen būtan þē and mē. Hwæs ābīdaþ wit?

All the birds have started their nests except for you and me. What are we waiting for?


fiend

nominative and accusative plural of fēond


tot

tot (nominative singular)
totu (nominative plural)
tot (accusative singular)
totu (accusative plural)
totes (genitive singular)
tota (genitive plural)
tote (dative singular)
totum (dative plural)

desc

>? Middle English: tot (“fool, simpleton; devil”)

From Proto-West Germanic *tot, from Proto-Germanic *tut(t)- (“to stick out, protrude”).


tot

Middle English: tot, tote

Unknown. Perhaps ultimately from or related to Proto-Germanic *tut(t)- (“to stick out, protrude”).


wrist

desctree

Middle English: wrist, wryst, wryste, wriste, wyrste, wirste, virste, wrest, wreste, wrost
English: wrist
Scots: wrist
Yola: wrasth, wraste


rest

rest (nominative singular)
resta (nominative plural)
reste (nominative plural)
reste (accusative singular)
resta (accusative plural)
reste (accusative plural)
reste (genitive singular)
resta (genitive plural)
reste (dative singular)
restum (dative plural)


cure

second-person singular preterite indicative

inflection of ċēosan:
singular preterite subjunctive


ceorlian

ċeorlian (canonical)
ċeorlian (infinitive)
ċeorlienne (infinitive)
ċeorliġe (first-person present singular)
ċeorlode (first-person past singular)
ċeorlast (present second-person singular)
ċeorlodest (past second-person singular)
ċeorlaþ (present singular third-person)
ċeorlode (past singular third-person)
ċeorliaþ (plural present)
ċeorlodon (past plural)
ċeorliġe (present singular)
ċeorlode (past singular)
ċeorliġen (plural present)
ċeorloden (past plural)
ċeorla (imperative past present singular)
ċeorliaþ (imperative past plural present)
ċeorliende (imperative present)
ċeorlod (imperative past)
ġeċeorlod (imperative past)


þegenboren

þeġenboren (canonical)
þeġenboren (masculine nominative singular)
þeġenboren (feminine nominative singular)
þeġenboren (neuter nominative singular)
þeġenborenne (accusative masculine singular)
þeġenborene (accusative feminine singular)
þeġenboren (accusative neuter singular)
þeġenborenes (genitive masculine singular)
þeġenborenre (feminine genitive singular)
þeġenborenes (genitive neuter singular)
þeġenborenum (dative masculine singular)
þeġenborenre (dative feminine singular)
þeġenborenum (dative neuter singular)
þeġenborene (instrumental masculine singular)
þeġenborenre (feminine instrumental singular)
þeġenborene (instrumental neuter singular)
þeġenborene (masculine nominative plural)
þeġenborena (feminine nominative plural)
þeġenborene (feminine nominative plural)
þeġenboren (neuter nominative plural)
þeġenborene (accusative masculine plural)
þeġenborena (accusative feminine plural)
þeġenborene (accusative feminine plural)
þeġenboren (accusative neuter plural)
þeġenborenra (genitive masculine plural)
þeġenborenra (feminine genitive plural)
þeġenborenra (genitive neuter plural)
þeġenborenum (dative masculine plural)
þeġenborenum (dative feminine plural)
þeġenborenum (dative neuter plural)
þeġenborenum (instrumental masculine plural)
þeġenborenum (feminine instrumental plural)
þeġenborenum (instrumental neuter plural)
þeġenborena (masculine nominative singular)
þeġenborene (feminine nominative singular)
þeġenborene (neuter nominative singular)
þeġenborenan (accusative masculine singular)
þeġenborenan (accusative feminine singular)
þeġenborene (accusative neuter singular)
þeġenborenan (genitive masculine singular)
þeġenborenan (feminine genitive singular)
þeġenborenan (genitive neuter singular)
þeġenborenan (dative masculine singular)
þeġenborenan (dative feminine singular)
þeġenborenan (dative neuter singular)
þeġenborenan (instrumental masculine singular)
þeġenborenan (feminine instrumental singular)
þeġenborenan (instrumental neuter singular)
þeġenborenan (masculine nominative plural)
þeġenborenan (feminine nominative plural)
þeġenborenan (neuter nominative plural)
þeġenborenan (accusative masculine plural)
þeġenborenan (accusative feminine plural)
þeġenborenan (accusative neuter plural)
þeġenborenra (genitive masculine plural)
þeġenborenena (genitive masculine plural)
þeġenborenra (feminine genitive plural)
þeġenborenena (feminine genitive plural)
þeġenborenra (genitive neuter plural)
þeġenborenena (genitive neuter plural)
þeġenborenum (dative masculine plural)
þeġenborenum (dative feminine plural)
þeġenborenum (dative neuter plural)
þeġenborenum (instrumental masculine plural)
þeġenborenum (feminine instrumental plural)
þeġenborenum (instrumental neuter plural)


wifian

wīfian (canonical)
wīfian (infinitive)
wīfienne (infinitive)
wīfiġe (first-person present singular)
wīfode (first-person past singular)
wīfast (present second-person singular)
wīfodest (past second-person singular)
wīfaþ (present singular third-person)
wīfode (past singular third-person)
wīfiaþ (plural present)
wīfodon (past plural)
wīfiġe (present singular)
wīfode (past singular)
wīfiġen (plural present)
wīfoden (past plural)
wīfa (imperative past present singular)
wīfiaþ (imperative past plural present)
wīfiende (imperative present)
wīfod (imperative past)
ġewīfod (imperative past)

Middle English: wiven

English: wive

Scots: wife, wyfe, wive


ceorlboren

ċeorlboren (canonical)
ċeorlboren (masculine nominative singular)
ċeorlboren (feminine nominative singular)
ċeorlboren (neuter nominative singular)
ċeorlborenne (accusative masculine singular)
ċeorlborene (accusative feminine singular)
ċeorlboren (accusative neuter singular)
ċeorlborenes (genitive masculine singular)
ċeorlborenre (feminine genitive singular)
ċeorlborenes (genitive neuter singular)
ċeorlborenum (dative masculine singular)
ċeorlborenre (dative feminine singular)
ċeorlborenum (dative neuter singular)
ċeorlborene (instrumental masculine singular)
ċeorlborenre (feminine instrumental singular)
ċeorlborene (instrumental neuter singular)
ċeorlborene (masculine nominative plural)
ċeorlborena (feminine nominative plural)
ċeorlborene (feminine nominative plural)
ċeorlboren (neuter nominative plural)
ċeorlborene (accusative masculine plural)
ċeorlborena (accusative feminine plural)
ċeorlborene (accusative feminine plural)
ċeorlboren (accusative neuter plural)
ċeorlborenra (genitive masculine plural)
ċeorlborenra (feminine genitive plural)
ċeorlborenra (genitive neuter plural)
ċeorlborenum (dative masculine plural)
ċeorlborenum (dative feminine plural)
ċeorlborenum (dative neuter plural)
ċeorlborenum (instrumental masculine plural)
ċeorlborenum (feminine instrumental plural)
ċeorlborenum (instrumental neuter plural)
ċeorlborena (masculine nominative singular)
ċeorlborene (feminine nominative singular)
ċeorlborene (neuter nominative singular)
ċeorlborenan (accusative masculine singular)
ċeorlborenan (accusative feminine singular)
ċeorlborene (accusative neuter singular)
ċeorlborenan (genitive masculine singular)
ċeorlborenan (feminine genitive singular)
ċeorlborenan (genitive neuter singular)
ċeorlborenan (dative masculine singular)
ċeorlborenan (dative feminine singular)
ċeorlborenan (dative neuter singular)
ċeorlborenan (instrumental masculine singular)
ċeorlborenan (feminine instrumental singular)
ċeorlborenan (instrumental neuter singular)
ċeorlborenan (masculine nominative plural)
ċeorlborenan (feminine nominative plural)
ċeorlborenan (neuter nominative plural)
ċeorlborenan (accusative masculine plural)
ċeorlborenan (accusative feminine plural)
ċeorlborenan (accusative neuter plural)
ċeorlborenra (genitive masculine plural)
ċeorlborenena (genitive masculine plural)
ċeorlborenra (feminine genitive plural)
ċeorlborenena (feminine genitive plural)
ċeorlborenra (genitive neuter plural)
ċeorlborenena (genitive neuter plural)
ċeorlborenum (dative masculine plural)
ċeorlborenum (dative feminine plural)
ċeorlborenum (dative neuter plural)
ċeorlborenum (instrumental masculine plural)
ċeorlborenum (feminine instrumental plural)
ċeorlborenum (instrumental neuter plural)

From ċeorl (“peasant”) + boren (“born”).

low-born, not noble; common, country or free-born


gea

Middle English: ye
English: yea
Yola: yee, yea

From Proto-West Germanic *jā, from Proto-Germanic *ja.


tun

tūn (canonical masculine)
tūn (nominative singular)
tūnas (nominative plural)
tūn (accusative singular)
tūnas (accusative plural)
tūnes (genitive singular)
tūna (genitive plural)
tūne (dative singular)
tūnum (dative plural)

Middle English: toun, town, towne, tun, tune
English: town, tahn, tawn (Bermuda), toon (Geordie), toune, towne (obsolete)
→ Chichewa: tawuni
→ Jersey Dutch: tāun
→ Pennsylvania German: Taun
→ Japanese: タウン (taun)
Geordie English: toon
Scots: toun, tone, toon, town
Yola: teoune, teoun

From Proto-West Germanic *tūn, from Proto-Germanic *tūną (“enclosure”).

an enclosed piece of ground, an enclosure or garden

the enclosed ground belonging to an individual dwelling

the group of houses on an area of enclosed land, a homestead


col

ang-adj

cōl (comparative cōlra, superlative cōlost)

cōl (canonical)
cōlra (comparative)
cōlost (superlative)
cōl (masculine nominative singular)
cōl (feminine nominative singular)
cōl (neuter nominative singular)
cōlne (accusative masculine singular)
cōle (accusative feminine singular)
cōl (accusative neuter singular)
cōles (genitive masculine singular)
cōlre (feminine genitive singular)
cōles (genitive neuter singular)
cōlum (dative masculine singular)
cōlre (dative feminine singular)
cōlum (dative neuter singular)
cōle (instrumental masculine singular)
cōlre (feminine instrumental singular)
cōle (instrumental neuter singular)
cōle (masculine nominative plural)
cōla (feminine nominative plural)
cōle (feminine nominative plural)
cōl (neuter nominative plural)
cōle (accusative masculine plural)
cōla (accusative feminine plural)
cōle (accusative feminine plural)
cōl (accusative neuter plural)
cōlra (genitive masculine plural)
cōlra (feminine genitive plural)
cōlra (genitive neuter plural)
cōlum (dative masculine plural)
cōlum (dative feminine plural)
cōlum (dative neuter plural)
cōlum (instrumental masculine plural)
cōlum (feminine instrumental plural)
cōlum (instrumental neuter plural)
cōla (masculine nominative singular)
cōle (feminine nominative singular)
cōle (neuter nominative singular)
cōlan (accusative masculine singular)
cōlan (accusative feminine singular)
cōle (accusative neuter singular)
cōlan (genitive masculine singular)
cōlan (feminine genitive singular)
cōlan (genitive neuter singular)
cōlan (dative masculine singular)
cōlan (dative feminine singular)
cōlan (dative neuter singular)
cōlan (instrumental masculine singular)
cōlan (feminine instrumental singular)
cōlan (instrumental neuter singular)
cōlan (masculine nominative plural)
cōlan (feminine nominative plural)
cōlan (neuter nominative plural)
cōlan (accusative masculine plural)
cōlan (accusative feminine plural)
cōlan (accusative neuter plural)
cōlra (genitive masculine plural)
cōlena (genitive masculine plural)
cōlra (feminine genitive plural)
cōlena (feminine genitive plural)
cōlra (genitive neuter plural)
cōlena (genitive neuter plural)
cōlum (dative masculine plural)
cōlum (dative feminine plural)
cōlum (dative neuter plural)
cōlum (instrumental masculine plural)
cōlum (feminine instrumental plural)
cōlum (instrumental neuter plural)

Middle English: col, coul, cool

Scots: cule, cuill, kuil

English: cool (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-West Germanic *kōl(ī). Cognate with Old High German kuoli.


col

col (nominative singular)
colu (nominative plural)
col (accusative singular)
colu (accusative plural)
coles (genitive singular)
cola (genitive plural)
cole (dative singular)
colum (dative plural)

Middle English: cole

English: coal

From Proto-West Germanic *kol. Cognate with Old Frisian kole, Old High German kolo, Old Norse kol.


hwy

From a presumed earlier *hwīe, from Proto-West Germanic *hwiu, from Proto-Germanic *hwī (“with what”), to which the more common instrumental ending *-ō had been added. Cognate with Old High German hwiu (instrumental case of hwaz).

cog

instrumental case of <i class="Latn mention" lang="goh">hwaz</i>


hwy

Middle English: why

English: why

Scots: why


-u

-u (nominative singular)
-u (nominative plural)
-e (nominative plural)
-u (accusative singular)
-e (accusative singular)
-u (accusative plural)
-e (accusative plural)
-u (genitive singular)
-e (genitive singular)
-a (genitive plural)
-u (dative singular)
-e (dative singular)
-um (dative plural)

From suppletive fusion of ō-stem feminine singular nominative ending -u and Proto-Germanic *-į̄ (“feminine abstract ending”). Akin to Gothic feminine abstracts in -𐌴𐌹 (-ei) (compare 𐌼𐌹𐌺𐌹𐌻𐌴𐌹 (mikilei, “greatness”); 𐌳𐌹𐌿𐍀𐌴𐌹 (diupei, “depth”)).

inh

eald (“old”) + -u → ieldu (“age”)

hāliġ (“holy, sacred; pious”) + -u → hāliġu (“holiness”)

hāl (“sound, healthy, intact”) + -u → hǣlu (“wholeness, health”)

hāt (“hot”) + -u → hǣtu (“heat, warmth”)

mennisċ (“human, natural, humane”) + -u → mennisċu (“humanity”)

miċel (“big, large; great”) + -u → miċelu (“greatness, size”)

ending used to form abstract nouns from adjectives (compare Modern English -ness), normally causing i-mutation, and remaining even when preceded by a long syllable


-u

From Proto-West Germanic *-u, from Proto-Germanic *-ō. Apocope should have caused the loss of this ending after heavy stems, but the Anglian dialects generally retained it by analogy with short stems, or for its morphological significance. In West Saxon, this apocope led to replacement with the subjunctive singular -e, which was then extended to short stem verbs as well.

beran (“bear”) + -u → beru (“I bear”)

drīfan (“drive out”) + -u → drīfu (“I drive out”)

sellan (“give”) + -u → sellu (“I give”)

Used to form the first person singular present indicative of strong verbs and class I weak verbs


-u

From Proto-West Germanic *-u, from Proto-Germanic *-ō

ġiefu (“gift”)

lufu (“love”)

Used to form the nominative singular of short ō-stem nouns


-u

From Proto-West Germanic *-u, from Proto-Germanic *-uz

sunu (“son”)

wudu (“forest”)

Used to form the nominative and accusative singular of short u-stem nouns


-u

clif (“cliff”) + -u → clifu (“cliffs”)

sċip (“ship”) + -u → sċipu (“ships”)

rīċe (“kingdom”) + -u → rīċu (“kingdoms”)

Used to form the nominative and accusative plural of short a-stem and all ija-stem neuter nouns


æwita

ǣwita (canonical masculine)
ǣwita (nominative singular)
ǣwitan (nominative plural)
ǣwitan (accusative singular)
ǣwitan (accusative plural)
ǣwitan (genitive singular)
ǣwitena (genitive plural)
ǣwitan (dative singular)
ǣwitum (dative plural)


spic

spiċ (canonical neuter)
spiċ (nominative singular)
spiċ (accusative singular)
spiċes (genitive singular)
spiċe (dative singular)

desc

Middle English: spik, spyk, spike, spich

Scots: spick, spect

English: speck

From Proto-West Germanic *spik, from Proto-Germanic *spiką. Cognate with Dutch spek, German Speck, and Icelandic spik.


æwiscnes

ǣwisċnes (canonical feminine)
ǣwisċnes (nominative singular)
ǣwisċnessa (nominative plural)
ǣwisċnesse (nominative plural)
ǣwisċnesse (accusative singular)
ǣwisċnessa (accusative plural)
ǣwisċnesse (accusative plural)
ǣwisċnesse (genitive singular)
ǣwisċnessa (genitive plural)
ǣwisċnesse (dative singular)
ǣwisċnessum (dative plural)

disgrace, obscenity, filthiness, shameless conduct


Sicilia

Sicilia (nominative singular)
Sicilia (accusative singular)
Sicilia (genitive singular)
Sicilia (dative singular)

desctree

Middle English: Sicilie, Sicilye
English: Sicily

From Latin Sicilia from Ancient Greek Σικελία (Sikelía), from Σίκελος (Síkelos, “Sicel”), the name of the Sicel people.

late 9th century, translation of Orosius’ History Against the Pagans
Sicilia þæt īġland is þrȳsċȳte.

Sicily (an island and former kingdom in Europe)


þe

From Proto-Germanic *þa, from Proto-Indo-European *tó.

Ne fyrhteð þa þe on synnum lyfiað. ― Do not fear those who live in sin. (Ælfwine's Prayerbook)

sōhte seledrēoriġ · sinces bryttan,
hwǣr iċ feor oþþe nēah · findan meahte
þone þe in meoduhealle · mīne wisse

sought hall-sad a giver of treasure,
where I far or near could find
who in a mead-hall would know my men


þe

English: thee


þe

Middle English: þe, the, thi, thy, þᵉ, þi, þy
English: the
Fingallian: tha
Scots: the
Yola: a

From earlier sē, through influence of the þ- forms.

(demonstrative) the, he: late variant of se


þe

late 10th century, Ælfric, "The Seven Sleepers"
...ac mē tōdæġ swā wundorlīce is ġelumpen þæt ic þurh nān þincg ne mæġ ġecnāwan hwæðer þys sȳ Ephesa byriġ þe elles ǣniġ ōþer;...

But to-day it has befallen me so wonderfully that I cannot by any means recognise whether this be the city of the Ephesians or else any other.


martyrdom

martyrdōm (canonical masculine)
martyrdōm (nominative singular)
martyrdōmas (nominative plural)
martyrdōm (accusative singular)
martyrdōmas (accusative plural)
martyrdōmes (genitive singular)
martyrdōma (genitive plural)
martyrdōme (dative singular)
martyrdōmum (dative plural)

desc

Middle English: martyrdome, martirdom, marterdom

English: martyrdom

Scots: martirdome


gad

gād (canonical neuter)
gād (nominative singular)
gād (nominative plural)
gād (accusative singular)
gād (accusative plural)
gādes (genitive singular)
gāda (genitive plural)
gāde (dative singular)
gādum (dative plural)

From Proto-West Germanic *gaidu, from Proto-Germanic *gaidwą.