sibling

sibling (nominative singular)
siblingas (nominative plural)
sibling (accusative singular)
siblingas (accusative plural)
siblinges (genitive singular)
siblinga (genitive plural)
siblinge (dative singular)
siblingum (dative plural)

→ English: sibling (learned)

tō folces ēacan, and man ne mihte þā æt fruman wīfian būton on his siblingum.

And then at the beginning a man could not take a wife, except for among his relatives.


maga

māga (canonical masculine)
māga (nominative singular)
māgan (nominative plural)
māgan (accusative singular)
māgan (accusative plural)
māgan (genitive singular)
māgena (genitive plural)
māgan (dative singular)
māgum (dative plural)

i

merged with descendant of Old English <i class="Latn mention" lang="ang">mǣġ</i>

Middle English: maȝe, mæȝe, mæi, mei, mey (merged with descendant of Old English mǣġ)

English: may (“kinsman”) (obsolete)

From Proto-West Germanic *māg.
Cognates
Cognate with Old Frisian mēch (“relative, kinsman”), Old Saxon māg (“a relation”), Old High German māg (“relative, kinsman”), Old Norse mágr (“father-in-law”), Gothic 𐌼𐌴𐌲𐍃 (mēgs, “son-in-law”). More at may.


hired

hīred (canonical masculine)
hīred (nominative singular)
hīredas (nominative plural)
hīred (accusative singular)
hīredas (accusative plural)
hīredes (genitive singular)
hīreda (genitive plural)
hīrede (dative singular)
hīredum (dative plural)

desc

Middle English: hird, herd, herde, hert, hired, hyrd, hyrt, hirð, hireden, hirt

→ Old Norse: hirð

Icelandic: hirð

Faroese: hirð

Norwegian Nynorsk: hird, hyrd

→ English: hird

Old Swedish: hirþ

Swedish: hird

Danish: hird

Norwegian Bokmål: hird

→ English: hird

From Proto-West Germanic *hīwarād (“family, marriage”). Cognate with Old High German hīrāt (“marriage”) (German Heirat), Old English hīwen (“household”).

inh

c. 992, Ælfric, "Preface"
Clypa and ne geswic ðu, ahefe þine stemne swā swā byme, and cȳð minum folce heora leahtras, and Iacobes hīrede heora synna.

Cry and cease not, raise your voice as a trumpet, and declare to my people their crimes, and to the family of Jacob their sins.


mægþ

mǣġþ (canonical feminine)
mǣġþ (nominative singular)
mǣġþa (nominative plural)
mǣġþe (nominative plural)
mǣġþe (accusative singular)
mǣġþa (accusative plural)
mǣġþe (accusative plural)
mǣġþe (genitive singular)
mǣġþa (genitive plural)
mǣġþe (dative singular)
mǣġþum (dative plural)

→ English: maegth (learned)

From mǣġ (“a relative”) + -þ (suffix forming abstract nouns). Compare the formation of modern English kindred.

suffix

late 9th century, translation of Bede's Ecclesiastical History
In ðā ilcan tīd wǣron in Ēastseaxna mǣġðe æfter Swiðhelme, bī þǣm wē ǣr beforan sǣġdon, tweġen cyningas Siġhere ⁊ Sebbe, þēah hē hēo Wulfhere Mercna cyninge underþēodde wǣren in hērnesse.

At this time there were two kings in the nation of the East-Saxons, Sighere and Sebbe, who came after Swithhelm, whom we have mentioned before, though they were subjects of Wulfhere, king of Mercia.


mægþ

From Proto-Germanic *maigiþō (“shamelessness, wantonness, wickedness”), from *maigaz (“wicked, shameless”).


dohtor

dohtor (nominative singular)
dohtor (nominative plural)
dohtra (nominative plural)
dohtru (nominative plural)
dohtor (accusative singular)
dohtor (accusative plural)
dohtra (accusative plural)
dohtru (accusative plural)
dohtor (genitive singular)
dohtra (genitive plural)
dehter (dative singular)
dohtrum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: doughter
English: daughter
Australian Kriol: doda
Scots: dochter, daiter (rare, Orkney), daowter, dowter, dather (obsolete), dauchter, dother, douchter
Yola: doughtere, daughtere

From Proto-West Germanic *dohter. See there for more.


sunsunu

sunsuna (nominative plural)
sunsunu (nominative singular)
sunsuna (nominative plural)
sunsunu (accusative singular)
sunsuna (accusative plural)
sunsuna (genitive singular)
sunsuna (genitive plural)
sunsuna (dative singular)
sunsunum (dative plural)

Reduplication of sunu. For similar formations, compare Swedish sonson, dotterdotter, barnbarn.

grandson (lit., "son's son", specifically the son of one's son)


bearn

bearn (nominative singular)
bearn (nominative plural)
bearn (accusative singular)
bearn (accusative plural)
bearnes (genitive singular)
bearna (genitive plural)
bearne (dative singular)
bearnum (dative plural)

Middle English: barn, bern, bearn, bærn, barne, berne, baren
English: barn (obsolete, dialectal)
Geordie English: bairn
Scots: bairn
→ English: bairn
Yola: barrn

From Proto-Germanic *barną. Cognate with Old Frisian bern, Old Saxon barn, Old Dutch *barn, Old High German barn, Old Norse barn, Gothic 𐌱𐌰𐍂𐌽 (barn). Related to beran.

late 9th century, King Alfred's translation of Boethius' The Consolation of Philosophy
Swīðe wynsum hit biþ þæt man wīf hæbbe and bearn.

It is very pleasant to have a wife and children.

late 9th century, Old English Martyrology
Hīe wǣron twēntiġ ġēara samod ǣr þon þe hīe bearn hæfdon.

They were together for twenty years before they had a child.

c. 990, Wessex Gospels, "Gospel of Saint John", chapter 13, verse 33

O children, now yet I am little time with you. You seek me; and as I told the Jews, You cannot go to there which I go; and now I tell you.

Lā bearn, nū gȳt ic eom ġehwǣde tīd mid ēow. Ġē mē sēceað; and swā ic þām Iudeon sǣde, Ġē ne magon faran þyder þe ic fare; and nū ic ēow secge.


eam

From Proto-Germanic *immi (“I am”), a form of *wesaną, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésmi (“am”). More at am.

Mercian and Early West Saxon form of eom


sunu

suna (nominative plural)
sunu (nominative singular)
suna (nominative plural)
sunu (accusative singular)
suna (accusative plural)
suna (genitive singular)
suna (genitive plural)
suna (dative singular)
sunum (dative plural)

Middle English: sone, sune

English: son

Scots: son

From Proto-West Germanic *sunu, from Proto-Germanic *sunuz, from Proto-Indo-European *suHnús.
Germanic cognates include Old Frisian sunu, Old Saxon sunu, Dutch zoon, Old High German sunu (German Sohn), Old Norse sonr (Swedish son), Gothic 𐍃𐌿𐌽𐌿𐍃 (sunus). The Indo-European root is also the source of Sanskrit सूनु (sūnu), Lithuanian sūnus, Proto-Slavic *synъ (Old Church Slavonic сꙑнъ (synŭ), Russian сын (syn)); and more distantly of Ancient Greek υἱύς (huiús), Old Irish suth (“birth, fruit”).

late 10th century, Ælfric, "Saint George, Martyr"
Nāst þū lā Geori þæt ūre godas swincað mid þē and ġit hī synd ġeþyldiġe þæt hī þe miltsion. Nū lǣre ic ðē swā swā lēofne sunu þæt ðū þæra cristenra lāre forlǣte mid ealle and tō mīnum rǣde hraðe ġebūge swā þæt ðū offriġe þām ārwurðan Appoline and þū mycelne wurðmynt miht swā beġitan.

Knowest thou not, O George, that our gods are striving with thee, and even yet they are patient, that they may pity thee; now I exhort thee, as a beloved son, that thou altogether quit the Christians' doctrine, and quickly incline to my counsel, so that thou sacrifice to the venerable Apollo, and thou mayest so obtain great honour.


cild

ċild (canonical neuter)
ċild (nominative singular)
ċildru (nominative plural)
ċild (accusative singular)
ċildru (accusative plural)
ċildes (genitive singular)
ċildra (genitive plural)
ċilde (dative singular)
ċildrum (dative plural)
ċild (nominative singular)
ċild (nominative plural)
ċild (accusative singular)
ċild (accusative plural)
ċildes (genitive singular)
ċilda (genitive plural)
ċilde (dative singular)
ċildum (dative plural)

Middle English: child

English: child

Scots: child

From Proto-West Germanic *kilþ, *kelþ, from Proto-Germanic *kelþaz (“womb; fetus”).

late 10th century, Ælfric, "Saint Basilius, Bishop"
He be-het þæt he wolde and se halga ge-bæd for þæt seoce cyld and him wæs sona bet.

He promised that he would, and the saint prayed for the sick child, and he was instantly better.

late 9th century, King Alfred's translation of Boethius' The Consolation of Philosophy
Þā ċildru rīdaþ on heora stafum and maniġfealde plegan plegaþ þǣr hīe hyriaþ ealdum mannum.

The children ride their sticks and play all kinds of games where they imitate adults.

c. 992, Ælfric, “The Deposition of St. Cuthbert, Bishop”
Sē ēadega Cūðbeorht, þā þā hē wæs eahtawintre ċild, rann swā swā him his nytenlīċe ield tyhte plegende mid his efnealdum.

The blessed Cuthbert, when he was an eight-year-old child, was running around like his innocent age urged him to do and playing with his peers.

c. 990, Wessex Gospels, Luke 2:12

You will find a baby wrapped in swaddling clothes and lying in a manger.

Ġē ġemētaþ ān ċild hræġlum bewunden and on binne āleġd.


cwen

cwēn (canonical feminine)
cwēn (nominative singular)
cwēne (nominative plural)
cwēna (nominative plural)
cwēn (accusative singular)
cwēne (accusative singular)
cwēne (accusative plural)
cwēna (accusative plural)
cwēne (genitive singular)
cwēna (genitive plural)
cwēne (dative singular)
cwēnum (dative plural)

Middle English: quene, qwene, cwene, queene, quen, qween, qweene, queyne, qwenne, qwhene, kuene, quiene, queen
English: queen (see there for further descendants)
Scots: queen, wheen
Yola: queen

From earlier cwœ̄n ← *kwœ̄ni ← *kwōni ← *kwą̄ni, from Proto-West Germanic *kwāni (“woman, wife”), from Proto-Germanic *kwēniz, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷḗn. Cognate with Old Saxon quān, Old Norse kvæn, Gothic 𐌵𐌴𐌽𐍃 (qēns). The Indo-European root is also the source of Ancient Greek γυνή (gunḗ), Proto-Slavic *žena, and Old Irish ben.

inh

Engla cwēn

queen (a ruling female monarch or a king's wife)


broþor

brōþor (canonical masculine)
brōþor (nominative singular)
brōþor (nominative plural)
ġebrōþor (nominative plural)
brōþra (nominative plural)
ġebrōþra (nominative plural)
brōþru (nominative plural)
ġebrōþru (nominative plural)
brōþor (accusative singular)
brōþor (accusative plural)
ġebrōþor (accusative plural)
brōþra (accusative plural)
ġebrōþra (accusative plural)
brōþru (accusative plural)
ġebrōþru (accusative plural)
brōþor (genitive singular)
brōþra (genitive plural)
ġebrōþra (genitive plural)
brēþer (dative singular)
brōþrum (dative plural)
ġebrōþrum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: brother
English: brother (see there for further descendants)
Scots: brither, bruther, broder, bruder
Yola: brover, brower

Mīn brōþor hæfþ twēġen cattas.

late 10th century, Ælfric, "Saint Maur, Abbot"
Þā ġecwæð sē abbod and ealle þā ġebrōðra þæt þēr ne mihte nā mā muneca wunian...

Then said the abbot and all the brothers, that no more monks could dwell there...


modor

mōdor (canonical feminine)
mōdor (nominative singular)
mōdra (nominative plural)
mōdru (nominative plural)
mōdor (accusative singular)
mōdra (accusative plural)
mōdru (accusative plural)
mōdor (genitive singular)
mēder (genitive singular)
mōdra (genitive plural)
mēder (dative singular)
mōdrum (dative plural)

Middle English: moder
English: mother, mither (Scotland and Northern England)
Australian Kriol: motha
→ Japanese: マザー (mazā)
→ Korean: 마더 (madeo)
Scots: mither, medder, midder, moder, moeder (Shetland), mideer, mother
Yola: moodher, moother, moothar

From Proto-West Germanic *mōder, from Proto-Germanic *mōdēr, from Proto-Indo-European *méh₂tēr. Cognate with Old Frisian mōder, Old Saxon mōdar, Old Dutch muoder, Old High German muoter, Old Norse móðir.


nefa

nefa (nominative singular)
nefan (nominative plural)
nefan (accusative singular)
nefan (accusative plural)
nefan (genitive singular)
nefena (genitive plural)
nefan (dative singular)
nefum (dative plural)

Middle English: neve, neave, neva, nefa, newe, neafe, nefe
English: neve

From Proto-West Germanic *nefō, from Proto-Germanic *nefô, from Proto-Indo-European *népōts.
Cognate with Old Frisian neva, Old Saxon nevo (German Low German Neev), Old High German nevo (German Neffe), Old Norse nefi; also Avestan 𐬥𐬀𐬞𐬁𐬝 (napāt̰), Latin nepōs, Old Irish nia, Welsh nai, Proto-Slavic *netьjь (Slovene nečak.


fæder

fæder (nominative singular)
fæderas (nominative plural)
fæder (accusative singular)
fæderas (accusative plural)
fæder (genitive singular)
fæderes (genitive singular)
fædera (genitive plural)
fæder (dative singular)
fædere (dative singular)
fæderum (dative plural)

Middle English: fader, fæder, faderr, fadir, fadyr, fadur, feder, vader, veder, faðer, father, ffader
English: father
→ Marshallese: bata
Gullah: farruh
Scots: faither, fader, faether, faider, father, fither
Yola: vather

→ English: faeder

From Proto-West Germanic *fader, from Proto-Germanic *fadēr, from Proto-Indo-European *ph₂tḗr.
Old Germanic cognates: Old Frisian feder, Old Saxon fadar, Old Dutch fader, Old High German fater, Old Norse faðir, Gothic 𐍆𐌰𐌳𐌰𐍂 (fadar).


bryd

brȳd (canonical feminine)
brȳd (nominative singular)
brȳde (nominative plural)
brȳda (nominative plural)
brȳd (accusative singular)
brȳde (accusative singular)
brȳde (accusative plural)
brȳda (accusative plural)
brȳde (genitive singular)
brȳda (genitive plural)
brȳde (dative singular)
brȳdum (dative plural)

Middle English: bride, brid, bryd, bryde, brude
English: bride
Scots: bride
Yola: breede

From Proto-West Germanic *brūdi, from Proto-Germanic *brūdiz (“bride, daughter-in-law”).
Cognates
Cognate with Old Frisian brēd (West Frisian breid), Old Saxon brūd (Low German Bruut), Dutch bruid, Old High German brūt (German Braut), Old Norse brúðr (Swedish brud), Gothic 𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌸𐍃 (brūþs).


eafora

eaforan (nominative plural)
eafora (nominative singular)
eaforan (nominative plural)
eaforan (accusative singular)
eaforan (accusative plural)
eaforan (genitive singular)
eaforena (genitive plural)
eaforan (dative singular)
eaforum (dative plural)

From Proto-Germanic *aferô (“offspring; descendant”), from Proto-Germanic *abar, *abur (“after; behind”).


sweostor

sweostor (nominative singular)
ġesweostor (nominative plural)
ġesweostra (nominative plural)
ġesweostru (nominative plural)
sweostor (accusative singular)
ġesweostor (accusative plural)
ġesweostra (accusative plural)
ġesweostru (accusative plural)
sweostor (genitive singular)
ġesweostra (genitive plural)
sweostor (dative singular)
ġesweostrum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: suster, cyster, cystyr, scyster, sister, sistir, soster, souster, sustir, syster, systir, systyr, swuster (Early Middle English), sussterr (Ormulum), zoster (Kent) (some forms influenced by Old Norse)
English: sister
→ Gulf Arabic: سِسْتَر (sistar, “female nurse”)
→ Japanese: シスター (shisutā)
→ Korean: 시스터 (siseuteo)
Scots: sister, syster
Yola: zister

From Proto-West Germanic *swester, from Proto-Germanic *swestēr, from Proto-Indo-European *swésōr. Compare Old Frisian swester, Old Saxon swestar, Old High German swestar, Old Norse systir.


aþum

āþum (canonical masculine)
āþum (nominative singular)
āþmas (nominative plural)
āþum (accusative singular)
āþmas (accusative plural)
āþmes (genitive singular)
āþma (genitive plural)
āþme (dative singular)
āþmum (dative plural)

Middle English: aþum, oþom, oþam, oþem


sweor

swēor (canonical masculine)
swēor (nominative singular)
swēoras (nominative plural)
swēor (accusative singular)
swēoras (accusative plural)
swēores (genitive singular)
swēora (genitive plural)
swēore (dative singular)
swēorum (dative plural)

Middle English: sweor

From Proto-Germanic *swehuraz, from Proto-Indo-European *swéḱuros. Cognate with Old High German swehur (German Schwäher), Middle Dutch sweer, Old Old Swedish svœr, Gothic 𐍃𐍅𐌰𐌹𐌷𐍂𐌰 (swaihra). The Indo-European root is also the source of Sanskrit श्वशुर (śváśura), Ancient Greek ἑκυρός (hekurós), Latin socer, Old East Slavic свекръ (svekrŭ) (Russian свёкор (svjókor)). Compare sweġer.


snoru

snoru (nominative singular)
snora (nominative plural)
snore (nominative plural)
snore (accusative singular)
snora (accusative plural)
snore (accusative plural)
snore (genitive singular)
snora (genitive plural)
snore (dative singular)
snorum (dative plural)

Middle English: snore

From Proto-West Germanic *snuʀu, from Proto-Germanic *snuzō (“daughter-in-law”), from Proto-Indo-European *snusós (“daughter-in-law”). Cognate with Old Frisian snore, Middle Dutch snare, Old High German snur, Old Norse snor. The Indo-European root is also the source of Sanskrit स्नुषा (snuṣā́), Ancient Greek νυός (nuós), Latin nurus, Proto-Slavic *snъxa (Russian сноха́ (snoxá)), Albanian nuse.

Swegr on hyre snore: and snoru on hyre swegere.

1874, W. Skeat, The Gospel according to Saint Luke, 12:53:

The mother in law against her daughter-in-law, and the daughter-in-law against her mother in law.


cradol

cradol (nominative singular)
cradolas (nominative plural)
cradol (accusative singular)
cradolas (accusative plural)
cradoles (genitive singular)
cradola (genitive plural)
cradole (dative singular)
cradolum (dative plural)

Middle English: cradel, credel

English: cradle

Scots: cradill, credill


bonda

bonda (nominative singular)
bondan (nominative plural)
bondan (accusative singular)
bondan (accusative plural)
bondan (genitive singular)
bondena (genitive plural)
bondan (dative singular)
bondum (dative plural)

Middle English: bonde

English: bond

⇒ Medieval Latin: bondagium

→ Middle English: bondage

English: bondage

Scots: bondage

From Old Norse bóndi (“farmer; husband”, literally “dweller”).


ealdor

ealdor (nominative singular)
ealdras (nominative plural)
ealdor (accusative singular)
ealdras (accusative plural)
ealdres (genitive singular)
ealdra (genitive plural)
ealdre (dative singular)
ealdrum (dative plural)

Middle English: alder

⇒ Old English: ealdorman

Middle English: alderman, aldermon

English: alderman

From Proto-West Germanic *aldr, from Proto-Germanic *aldraz.


fædera

fædera (nominative singular)
fæderan (nominative plural)
fæderan (accusative singular)
fæderan (accusative plural)
fæderan (genitive singular)
fæderena (genitive plural)
fæderan (dative singular)
fæderum (dative plural)

From Proto-West Germanic *fadurjō (“paternal uncle”).


faþe

faþe (nominative singular)
faþan (nominative plural)
faþan (accusative singular)
faþan (accusative plural)
faþan (genitive singular)
faþena (genitive plural)
faþan (dative singular)
faþum (dative plural)

From Proto-Germanic *faþǭ, *faþō (“father's sister”), from a derivative of Proto-Indo-European *ph₂tḗr (“father”). Akin to Old Frisian fethe (“father's sister, aunt”), Middle Low German vade (“father's sister”), Old English fæder (“father”).


modrige

mōdriġe (canonical feminine)
mōdriġe (nominative singular)
mōdriġan (nominative plural)
mōdriġan (accusative singular)
mōdriġan (accusative plural)
mōdriġan (genitive singular)
mōdriġena (genitive plural)
mōdriġan (dative singular)
mōdriġum (dative plural)

Middle English: moddrie, moddri

From Proto-West Germanic *mōdrijā, from Proto-Germanic *mōdrijǭ (“maternal aunt”). Cognate with Old Frisian mōdrie (“maternal aunt”), Old High German muotera (“maternal aunt”).


faþu

faþu (nominative singular)
faþa (nominative plural)
faþe (nominative plural)
faþe (accusative singular)
faþa (accusative plural)
faþe (accusative plural)
faþe (genitive singular)
faþa (genitive plural)
faþe (dative singular)
faþum (dative plural)

From Proto-Germanic *faþō, *faþǭ (“father's sister”), from a derivative of Proto-Indo-European *ph₂tḗr (“father”). Akin to Old Frisian fethe (“father's sister, aunt”), Middle Low German vade (“father's sister”), Old English fæder (“father”).


nift

nift (nominative singular)
nifta (nominative plural)
nifte (nominative plural)
nifte (accusative singular)
nifta (accusative plural)
nifte (accusative plural)
nifte (genitive singular)
nifta (genitive plural)
nifte (dative singular)
niftum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: nyfte, nift, nifte
English: nift (obsolete)

From Proto-Germanic *niftiz (“niece, granddaughter”), from Proto-Indo-European *néptih₂.


tacor

tācor (canonical masculine)
tācoras (nominative plural)
tācor (nominative singular)
tācoras (nominative plural)
tācor (accusative singular)
tācoras (accusative plural)
tācores (genitive singular)
tācora (genitive plural)
tācore (dative singular)
tācorum (dative plural)

From Proto-Germanic *taikuraz (“brother-in-law”), from Proto-Indo-European *dayh₂wḗr (“husband's brother”). Akin to Old Frisian tāker (“husband's brother”), Old High German zeihhor, zeihhur, zeihhir (“husband's brother”), Middle High German zeicher (“brother-in-law”).


hiwen

hīwen (canonical neuter)
hīwen (nominative singular)
hīwenu (nominative plural)
hīwen (accusative singular)
hīwenu (accusative plural)
hīwenes (genitive singular)
hīwena (genitive plural)
hīwene (dative singular)
hīwenum (dative plural)

From Proto-West Germanic *hīw, from Proto-Germanic *hīwą (“husband, wife, spouse”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱeyw-, *ḱeym- (“relative, tribesman”), from *ḱey-.
Cognate with Old Saxon hīwa (“wife”), Old High German hīwun (“servant, spouse, members of the family”), Latin cīvis (“burgher, citizen”). More at city.


brydguma

brȳdguma (canonical masculine)
brȳdguma (nominative singular)
brȳdguman (nominative plural)
brȳdguman (accusative singular)
brȳdguman (accusative plural)
brȳdguman (genitive singular)
brȳdgumena (genitive plural)
brȳdguman (dative singular)
brȳdgumum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: bridegome, bredgome, bridegoome, bridgom, bridgume, brudgume, brydegome, bryd-gome, brydgrome
English: bridegroom
Scots: bridegreem
Yola: breedegroom

Compound of brȳd + guma, from Proto-West Germanic *brūdigumō. Cognates include Old Frisian brēdgoma, Old Saxon brūdigomo, Old High German brūtigomo, and Old Norse brúðgumi.


nefene

nefene (nominative singular)
nefenan (nominative plural)
nefenan (accusative singular)
nefenan (accusative plural)
nefenan (genitive singular)
nefenena (genitive plural)
nefenan (dative singular)
nefenum (dative plural)

From Proto-West Germanic *nefanā, from Proto-Germanic *nefanǭ, from Proto-Germanic *nefô (“nephew”). Compare Middle High German nefin, nevin, German Neffin (“niece”).


ciefes

ċiefes (canonical feminine)
ċiefesa (nominative plural)
ċiefes (nominative singular)
ċiefesa (nominative plural)
ċiefese (nominative plural)
ċiefese (accusative singular)
ċiefesa (accusative plural)
ċiefese (accusative plural)
ċiefese (genitive singular)
ċiefesa (genitive plural)
ċiefese (dative singular)
ċiefesum (dative plural)

Middle English: chevese, chivese

From Proto-West Germanic *kabisi, from Proto-Germanic *kabisjō (“concubine”).


cnosl

cnōsl (canonical neuter)
cnōsl (nominative plural)
cnōsl (nominative singular)
cnōsl (nominative plural)
cnōsl (accusative singular)
cnōsl (accusative plural)
cnōsles (genitive singular)
cnōsla (genitive plural)
cnōsle (dative singular)
cnōslum (dative plural)

From Proto-West Germanic *knōsl (“gender; race; lineage”). Cognate with Old Saxon knōsal, Old High German knuosal.


genefa

ġenefa (canonical masculine)
ġenefa (nominative singular)
ġenefan (nominative plural)
ġenefan (accusative singular)
ġenefan (accusative plural)
ġenefan (genitive singular)
ġenefena (genitive plural)
ġenefan (dative singular)
ġenefum (dative plural)


sweger

sweġer (canonical feminine)
sweġer (nominative singular)
sweġra (nominative plural)
sweġre (nominative plural)
sweġre (accusative singular)
sweġra (accusative plural)
sweġre (accusative plural)
sweġre (genitive singular)
sweġra (genitive plural)
sweġre (dative singular)
sweġrum (dative plural)

From Proto-West Germanic *swegru, from Proto-Germanic *swegrō, from Proto-Indo-European *sweḱrúh₂ (“mother-in-law”).


hæmedwif

hǣmedwīf (canonical neuter)
hǣmedwīf (nominative singular)
hǣmedwīf (nominative plural)
hǣmedwīf (accusative singular)
hǣmedwīf (accusative plural)
hǣmedwīfes (genitive singular)
hǣmedwīfa (genitive plural)
hǣmedwīfe (dative singular)
hǣmedwīfum (dative plural)


hæmedscipe

hǣmedsċipe (canonical masculine)
hǣmedsċipe (nominative singular)
hǣmedsċipas (nominative plural)
hǣmedsċipe (accusative singular)
hǣmedsċipas (accusative plural)
hǣmedsċipes (genitive singular)
hǣmedsċipa (genitive plural)
hǣmedsċipe (dative singular)
hǣmedsċipum (dative plural)


hæmedceorl

hǣmedċeorl (canonical masculine)
hǣmedċeorl (nominative singular)
hǣmedċeorlas (nominative plural)
hǣmedċeorl (accusative singular)
hǣmedċeorlas (accusative plural)
hǣmedċeorles (genitive singular)
hǣmedċeorla (genitive plural)
hǣmedċeorle (dative singular)
hǣmedċeorlum (dative plural)


æwbryce

ǣwbryċe (canonical masculine)
ǣwbryċe (nominative singular)
ǣwbryċas (nominative plural)
ǣwbryċe (accusative singular)
ǣwbryċas (accusative plural)
ǣwbryċes (genitive singular)
ǣwbryċa (genitive plural)
ǣwbryċe (dative singular)
ǣwbryċum (dative plural)

From Proto-West Germanic *aiwibruki. Equivalent to ǣ (“marriage”) + bryċe (“breach”).


widuwe

widuwe (nominative singular)
widuwan (nominative plural)
widuwan (accusative singular)
widuwan (accusative plural)
widuwan (genitive singular)
widuwena (genitive plural)
widuwan (dative singular)
widuwum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: widwe
English: widow
Scots: weedae, wedow, widdow

From Proto-West Germanic *widuwā, from Proto-Germanic *widuwǭ, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁widʰéwh₂. Cognate with Old Frisian widwe, Old Saxon widowa, Old Dutch widowa, Old High German wituwa, Gothic 𐍅𐌹𐌳𐌿𐍅𐍉 (widuwō).

Widuwe is wīf þǣre wer is dēad.

A widow is a woman whose husband is dead.


wæpnedhand

head

wǣpnedhand f (nominative plural wǣpnedhanda)

wǣpnedhand (canonical feminine)
wǣpnedhanda (nominative plural)
wǣpnedhand (nominative singular)
wǣpnedhanda (nominative plural)
wǣpnedhand (accusative singular)
wǣpnedhanda (accusative plural)
wǣpnedhanda (genitive singular)
wǣpnedhanda (genitive plural)
wǣpnedhanda (dative singular)
wǣpnedhandum (dative plural)


wifhand

wīfhand (canonical feminine)
wīfhanda (nominative plural)
wīfhand (nominative singular)
wīfhanda (nominative plural)
wīfhand (accusative singular)
wīfhanda (accusative plural)
wīfhanda (genitive singular)
wīfhanda (genitive plural)
wīfhanda (dative singular)
wīfhandum (dative plural)


broþorwif

brōþorwīf (canonical neuter)
brōþorwīf (nominative singular)
brōþorwīf (nominative plural)
brōþorwīf (accusative singular)
brōþorwīf (accusative plural)
brōþorwīfes (genitive singular)
brōþorwīfa (genitive plural)
brōþorwīfe (dative singular)
brōþorwīfum (dative plural)


broþorsunu

brōþorsunu (canonical masculine)
brōþorsunu (nominative singular)
brōþorsuna (nominative plural)
brōþorsunu (accusative singular)
brōþorsuna (accusative plural)
brōþorsuna (genitive singular)
brōþorsuna (genitive plural)
brōþorsuna (dative singular)
brōþorsunum (dative plural)

From brōþor (“brother”) + sunu (“son”). Compare Icelandic bróðursonur and Swedish brorson.


broþordohtor

brōþordohtor (canonical feminine)
brōþordohtor (nominative singular)
brōþordohtor (nominative plural)
brōþordohtra (nominative plural)
brōþordohtru (nominative plural)
brōþordohtor (accusative singular)
brōþordohtor (accusative plural)
brōþordohtra (accusative plural)
brōþordohtru (accusative plural)
brōþordohtor (genitive singular)
brōþordohtra (genitive plural)
brōþordehter (dative singular)
brōþordohtrum (dative plural)

From brōþor (“brother”) + dohtor (“daughter”). Compare Icelandic bróðurdóttir and Swedish brorsdotter.


sweostorsunu

sweostorsunu (nominative singular)
sweostorsuna (nominative plural)
sweostorsunu (accusative singular)
sweostorsuna (accusative plural)
sweostorsuna (genitive singular)
sweostorsuna (genitive plural)
sweostorsuna (dative singular)
sweostorsunum (dative plural)

desc

Middle English: sustersone, systerson, suster sune, suster sone, soster sone, sistur sun, sister sun

English: sisterson

From Proto-West Germanic *swestersunu, from Proto-Germanic *swestērsunuz, equivalent to sweostor (“sister”) + sunu (“son”). Compare Icelandic systursonur and Swedish systerson.

late 9th century, translation of Bede's Ecclesiastical History
In þǣre þēode was in þā tīd Sǣberht cyning, Æðelberhtes swustorsunu ⁊ his hēra.

At that time Seaberht was king of that province; he was the nephew and follower of Athelberht.


dohtorsunu

dohtorsunu (nominative singular)
dohtorsuna (nominative plural)
dohtorsunu (accusative singular)
dohtorsuna (accusative plural)
dohtorsuna (genitive singular)
dohtorsuna (genitive plural)
dohtorsuna (dative singular)
dohtorsunum (dative plural)

From dohtor (“daughter”) + sunu (“son”).

grandson (lit., "daughter's son", specifically the son of one's daughter)


rihtæw

rihtǣw (canonical feminine)
rihtǣw (nominative singular)
rihtǣw (nominative plural)
rihtǣw (accusative singular)
rihtǣw (accusative plural)
rihtǣw (genitive singular)
rihtǣwa (genitive plural)
rihtǣw (dative singular)
rihtǣwum (dative plural)

From riht (“right, legitimate”) + ǣ (“marriage”).


unrihthæmere

unrihthǣmere (canonical masculine)
unrihthǣmere (nominative singular)
unrihthǣmeras (nominative plural)
unrihthǣmere (accusative singular)
unrihthǣmeras (accusative plural)
unrihthǣmeres (genitive singular)
unrihthǣmera (genitive plural)
unrihthǣmere (dative singular)
unrihthǣmerum (dative plural)


hiwcuþ

hīwcūþ (canonical)
hīwcūþ (masculine nominative singular)
hīwcūþ (feminine nominative singular)
hīwcūþ (neuter nominative singular)
hīwcūþne (accusative masculine singular)
hīwcūþe (accusative feminine singular)
hīwcūþ (accusative neuter singular)
hīwcūþes (genitive masculine singular)
hīwcūþre (feminine genitive singular)
hīwcūþes (genitive neuter singular)
hīwcūþum (dative masculine singular)
hīwcūþre (dative feminine singular)
hīwcūþum (dative neuter singular)
hīwcūþe (instrumental masculine singular)
hīwcūþre (feminine instrumental singular)
hīwcūþe (instrumental neuter singular)
hīwcūþe (masculine nominative plural)
hīwcūþa (feminine nominative plural)
hīwcūþe (feminine nominative plural)
hīwcūþ (neuter nominative plural)
hīwcūþe (accusative masculine plural)
hīwcūþa (accusative feminine plural)
hīwcūþe (accusative feminine plural)
hīwcūþ (accusative neuter plural)
hīwcūþra (genitive masculine plural)
hīwcūþra (feminine genitive plural)
hīwcūþra (genitive neuter plural)
hīwcūþum (dative masculine plural)
hīwcūþum (dative feminine plural)
hīwcūþum (dative neuter plural)
hīwcūþum (instrumental masculine plural)
hīwcūþum (feminine instrumental plural)
hīwcūþum (instrumental neuter plural)
hīwcūþa (masculine nominative singular)
hīwcūþe (feminine nominative singular)
hīwcūþe (neuter nominative singular)
hīwcūþan (accusative masculine singular)
hīwcūþan (accusative feminine singular)
hīwcūþe (accusative neuter singular)
hīwcūþan (genitive masculine singular)
hīwcūþan (feminine genitive singular)
hīwcūþan (genitive neuter singular)
hīwcūþan (dative masculine singular)
hīwcūþan (dative feminine singular)
hīwcūþan (dative neuter singular)
hīwcūþan (instrumental masculine singular)
hīwcūþan (feminine instrumental singular)
hīwcūþan (instrumental neuter singular)
hīwcūþan (masculine nominative plural)
hīwcūþan (feminine nominative plural)
hīwcūþan (neuter nominative plural)
hīwcūþan (accusative masculine plural)
hīwcūþan (accusative feminine plural)
hīwcūþan (accusative neuter plural)
hīwcūþra (genitive masculine plural)
hīwcūþena (genitive masculine plural)
hīwcūþra (feminine genitive plural)
hīwcūþena (feminine genitive plural)
hīwcūþra (genitive neuter plural)
hīwcūþena (genitive neuter plural)
hīwcūþum (dative masculine plural)
hīwcūþum (dative feminine plural)
hīwcūþum (dative neuter plural)
hīwcūþum (instrumental masculine plural)
hīwcūþum (feminine instrumental plural)
hīwcūþum (instrumental neuter plural)

of the family or household: familial, domestic


brydlic

brȳdlīċ (canonical)
brȳdlīċ (masculine nominative singular)
brȳdlīċ (feminine nominative singular)
brȳdlīċu (feminine nominative singular)
brȳdlīċo (feminine nominative singular)
brȳdlīċ (neuter nominative singular)
brȳdlīcne (accusative masculine singular)
brȳdlīċe (accusative feminine singular)
brȳdlīċ (accusative neuter singular)
brȳdlīċes (genitive masculine singular)
brȳdlīcre (feminine genitive singular)
brȳdlīċes (genitive neuter singular)
brȳdlīċum (dative masculine singular)
brȳdlīcre (dative feminine singular)
brȳdlīċum (dative neuter singular)
brȳdlīċe (instrumental masculine singular)
brȳdlīcre (feminine instrumental singular)
brȳdlīċe (instrumental neuter singular)
brȳdlīċe (masculine nominative plural)
brȳdlīċa (feminine nominative plural)
brȳdlīċe (feminine nominative plural)
brȳdlīċ (neuter nominative plural)
brȳdlīċu (neuter nominative plural)
brȳdlīċo (neuter nominative plural)
brȳdlīċe (accusative masculine plural)
brȳdlīċa (accusative feminine plural)
brȳdlīċe (accusative feminine plural)
brȳdlīċ (accusative neuter plural)
brȳdlīċu (accusative neuter plural)
brȳdlīċo (accusative neuter plural)
brȳdlīcra (genitive masculine plural)
brȳdlīcra (feminine genitive plural)
brȳdlīcra (genitive neuter plural)
brȳdlīċum (dative masculine plural)
brȳdlīċum (dative feminine plural)
brȳdlīċum (dative neuter plural)
brȳdlīċum (instrumental masculine plural)
brȳdlīċum (feminine instrumental plural)
brȳdlīċum (instrumental neuter plural)
brȳdlīċa (masculine nominative singular)
brȳdlīċe (feminine nominative singular)
brȳdlīċe (neuter nominative singular)
brȳdlīċan (accusative masculine singular)
brȳdlīċan (accusative feminine singular)
brȳdlīċe (accusative neuter singular)
brȳdlīċan (genitive masculine singular)
brȳdlīċan (feminine genitive singular)
brȳdlīċan (genitive neuter singular)
brȳdlīċan (dative masculine singular)
brȳdlīċan (dative feminine singular)
brȳdlīċan (dative neuter singular)
brȳdlīċan (instrumental masculine singular)
brȳdlīċan (feminine instrumental singular)
brȳdlīċan (instrumental neuter singular)
brȳdlīċan (masculine nominative plural)
brȳdlīċan (feminine nominative plural)
brȳdlīċan (neuter nominative plural)
brȳdlīċan (accusative masculine plural)
brȳdlīċan (accusative feminine plural)
brȳdlīċan (accusative neuter plural)
brȳdlīcra (genitive masculine plural)
brȳdlīċena (genitive masculine plural)
brȳdlīcra (feminine genitive plural)
brȳdlīċena (feminine genitive plural)
brȳdlīcra (genitive neuter plural)
brȳdlīċena (genitive neuter plural)
brȳdlīċum (dative masculine plural)
brȳdlīċum (dative feminine plural)
brȳdlīċum (dative neuter plural)
brȳdlīċum (instrumental masculine plural)
brȳdlīċum (feminine instrumental plural)
brȳdlīċum (instrumental neuter plural)

Middle English: *bridely

English: bridely


widuwa

widuwa (nominative singular)
widuwan (nominative plural)
widuwan (accusative singular)
widuwan (accusative plural)
widuwan (genitive singular)
widuwena (genitive plural)
widuwan (dative singular)
widuwum (dative plural)


æwbreca

ǣwbreca (canonical masculine)
ǣwbreca (nominative singular)
ǣwbrecan (nominative plural)
ǣwbrecan (accusative singular)
ǣwbrecan (accusative plural)
ǣwbrecan (genitive singular)
ǣwbrecena (genitive plural)
ǣwbrecan (dative singular)
ǣwbrecum (dative plural)


eald fæder

Middle English: olde fader, eldfader

English: eldfather

Scots: eldfader

Cognate with Old Frisian aldafeder and Old Saxon aldfader.


eald modor

Middle English: eldmoder

English: eldmother

Scots: eldmoder, eldmother


gewifian

ġewīfian (canonical)
ġewīfian (infinitive)
ġewīfienne (infinitive)
ġewīfiġe (first-person present singular)
ġewīfode (first-person past singular)
ġewīfast (present second-person singular)
ġewīfodest (past second-person singular)
ġewīfaþ (present singular third-person)
ġewīfode (past singular third-person)
ġewīfiaþ (plural present)
ġewīfodon (past plural)
ġewīfiġe (present singular)
ġewīfode (past singular)
ġewīfiġen (plural present)
ġewīfoden (past plural)
ġewīfa (imperative past present singular)
ġewīfiaþ (imperative past plural present)
ġewīfiende (imperative present)
ġewīfod (imperative past)