myltestre

head

myltestre f (nominative plural myltestran)

myltestran (nominative plural)
myltestre (nominative singular)
myltestran (nominative plural)
myltestran (accusative singular)
myltestran (accusative plural)
myltestran (genitive singular)
myltestrena (genitive plural)
myltestran (dative singular)
myltestrum (dative plural)


dæge

dǣġe (canonical feminine)
dǣġe (nominative singular)
dǣġan (nominative plural)
dǣġan (accusative singular)
dǣġan (accusative plural)
dǣġan (genitive singular)
dǣġena (genitive plural)
dǣġan (dative singular)
dǣġum (dative plural)

Middle English: deye, deie, daie

English: dey

Scots: dey, deigh

desc

⇒ Middle English: dayerye, daerie, deierie, deiȝerie

English: dairy

Scots: dyrie

→ Medieval Latin: dayeria, daeria

From Proto-Germanic *daigijǭ (“kneader”): cognate with Old Norse deigja (“female servant”).


þegn

þeġn (canonical masculine)
þeġn (nominative singular)
þeġnas (nominative plural)
þeġn (accusative singular)
þeġnas (accusative plural)
þeġnes (genitive singular)
þeġna (genitive plural)
þeġne (dative singular)
þeġnum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: theyn, dain, thain, thayn, thein, þen, þein, þeyn, ðæin, þægen, þægn, þegen, þegn, þeȝn, þeign (Early Middle English)
English: thane
Scots: thane
→ Irish: taen

Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *þegn.

inh+

late 10th century, Ælfric, Lives of Saints
Iob, sē ēadiġa and sē ānrǣda godes þeġn, wæs swa fulfremed on eallum gōdnyssum þæt god sylf cwæþ bē him þæt his ġelīċa nǣre þā on þām līfe ofer eorþan.

Job, the prosperous and unwavering servant of god, was so perfect in all his good deeds that God Himself said that there was no one like him living on Earth.

late 10th century, Ælfric, "Saint Sebastian, Martyr"
Þa wurdon hi ealle þurh þæt wundor ablicgede and þæs þægnes gebedda ðe þa gebroþra heold wæs for six gearum for swiðlicre untrumnysse...

Then they were all astonished at that miracle; and the wife of the officer, who had charge of the brothers, for six years, through a severe sickness...


scirgerefa

sċīrġerēfa (canonical masculine)
sċīrġerēfa (nominative singular)
sċīrġerēfan (nominative plural)
sċīrġerēfan (accusative singular)
sċīrġerēfan (accusative plural)
sċīrġerēfan (genitive singular)
sċīrġerēfena (genitive plural)
sċīrġerēfan (dative singular)
sċīrġerēfum (dative plural)

Middle English: shirreve

English: sheriff, shrieve

Scots: shirra


gerefa

ġerēfa (canonical masculine)
ġerēfa (nominative singular)
ġerēfan (nominative plural)
ġerēfan (accusative singular)
ġerēfan (accusative plural)
ġerēfan (genitive singular)
ġerēfena (genitive plural)
ġerēfan (dative singular)
ġerēfum (dative plural)

Middle English: reve (via rēfa)

English: reeve

From Proto-West Germanic *garāfijō. By surface analysis, ġe- + rēfa.

a reeve or official with local jurisdiction under the king; the chief magistrate of a district


cræft

cræft (nominative singular)
cræftas (nominative plural)
cræft (accusative singular)
cræftas (accusative plural)
cræftes (genitive singular)
cræfta (genitive plural)
cræfte (dative singular)
cræftum (dative plural)

Middle English: craft, creft

English: craft

Scots: craft

From Proto-West Germanic *kraftu, from Proto-Germanic *kraftuz.


scop

sċop (canonical masculine)
sċop (nominative singular)
sċopas (nominative plural)
sċop (accusative singular)
sċopas (accusative plural)
sċopes (genitive singular)
sċopa (genitive plural)
sċope (dative singular)
sċopum (dative plural)

→ English: scop (learned)

From Proto-West Germanic *skop, from Proto-Germanic *skupą. Cognate with Old High German skopf (“poet”), Old Norse skop (“mocking”).

ealusċop

one who performs poetry where there is drinking


tollere

tollere (nominative singular)
tolleras (nominative plural)
tollere (accusative singular)
tolleras (accusative plural)
tolleres (genitive singular)
tollera (genitive plural)
tollere (dative singular)
tollerum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: toller, tollere, tollare, tollir, tolre, toler
English: toller


beoceorl

bēoċeorl (canonical masculine)
bēoċeorl (nominative singular)
bēoċeorlas (nominative plural)
bēoċeorl (accusative singular)
bēoċeorlas (accusative plural)
bēoċeorles (genitive singular)
bēoċeorla (genitive plural)
bēoċeorle (dative singular)
bēoċeorlum (dative plural)

desc

⇒ Middle English: (partial calque) beman, bemon

English: beeman, bee-man

Likely an alteration of earlier bēocere assimilated as though from bēo + ċeorl.


dryhtguma

head

dryhtguma m (nominative plural dryhtguman)


dema

dēma (canonical masculine)
dēma (nominative singular)
dēman (nominative plural)
dēman (accusative singular)
dēman (accusative plural)
dēman (genitive singular)
dēmena (genitive plural)
dēman (dative singular)
dēmum (dative plural)

Middle English: deme

dēman (“to judge”) + -a (agent-noun suffix)


diacon

Middle English: deken

English: deacon

desctree

→ Old Norse: djákni, djákn
Icelandic: djákni
Old Swedish: diäkn, diäkne, däkn
Swedish: djäkne

From Latin diāconus, from Ancient Greek διᾱ́κονος (diā́konos, “servant”).


læce

lǣċe (canonical masculine)
lǣċe (nominative singular)
lǣċas (nominative plural)
lǣċe (accusative singular)
lǣċas (accusative plural)
lǣċes (genitive singular)
lǣċa (genitive plural)
lǣċe (dative singular)
lǣċum (dative plural)

Middle English: leche

English: leech

Probably assimilated to Etymology 1 above, by popular etymology, though its use probably predated the term for a doctor.
Of uncertain ultimate origin, but possibly from a Germanic base meaning "to pluck, tear" (compare Old High German liochan (“to tear”)), evolving into "suck," ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *lewǵ- (“to break, tear”), see also Ancient Greek λευγαλέος (leugaléos), λυγρός (lugrós), Sanskrit रुजति (rujati, “to break open, shatter, injure, cause pain”), Latvian lauzt (“to break, fracture”).
Cognate with Middle Dutch lake, leke (modern Dutch laak).


smiþ

smiþ (nominative singular)
smiþas (nominative plural)
smiþ (accusative singular)
smiþas (accusative plural)
smiþes (genitive singular)
smiþa (genitive plural)
smiþe (dative singular)
smiþum (dative plural)

Middle English: smyth

English: smith

Scots: smith, smyth

…ac mec hnossiað homera lāfa, heardecg heoroscearp, hondweorc smiþa bītað in burgum;

…but remains of hammers strike me, harsh edge of sharp sword, handiworks of smiths bite in boroughs;


ambiht

ambiht (nominative singular)
ambihtas (nominative plural)
ambiht (accusative singular)
ambihtas (accusative plural)
ambihtes (genitive singular)
ambihta (genitive plural)
ambihte (dative singular)
ambihtum (dative plural)

From Proto-Germanic *ambahtaz, whence also Old High German ambaht, Old Norse ambátt, Gothic 𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌱𐌰𐌷𐍄𐍃 (andbahts). Compare Latin ambactus.


sæliþend

sǣlīþend (canonical masculine)
sǣlīþend (nominative singular)
sǣlīþend (nominative plural)
sǣlīþende (nominative plural)
sǣlīþendas (nominative plural)
sǣlīþend (accusative singular)
sǣlīþend (accusative plural)
sǣlīþende (accusative plural)
sǣlīþendas (accusative plural)
sǣlīþendes (genitive singular)
sǣlīþendra (genitive plural)
sǣlīþende (dative singular)
sǣlīþendum (dative plural)


legie

legie (nominative singular)
legian (nominative plural)
legian (accusative singular)
legian (accusative plural)
legian (genitive singular)
legiena (genitive plural)
legian (dative singular)
legium (dative plural)

Ultimately from Latin legō (“to gather, collect”)


oretta

ōretta (canonical masculine)
ōretta (nominative singular)
ōrettan (nominative plural)
ōrettan (accusative singular)
ōrettan (accusative plural)
ōrettan (genitive singular)
ōrettena (genitive plural)
ōrettan (dative singular)
ōrettum (dative plural)

From Proto-West Germanic *uʀhaitō; equivalent to ōret + -a and thus cognate with Old High German urheizo. For the variation between -t- and -tt-, compare ǣmette, variant of ǣmete (“ant”).


coc

cōc (canonical masculine)
cōc (nominative singular)
cōcas (nominative plural)
cōc (accusative singular)
cōcas (accusative plural)
cōces (genitive singular)
cōca (genitive plural)
cōce (dative singular)
cōcum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: cook, cok, coke, koke, cuyke, cuke, cooke
English: cook
Sranan Tongo: kukru (via cook room)
Aukan: kukuu
Tok Pisin: kuk
→ Norman: couque
→ Portuguese: cuca
→ Thai: กุ๊ก (gúk)
→ Tokelauan: kuka
Scots: cuke, cuik

From Vulgar Latin *cocus, from Latin coquus (“cook”), from coquō (“to cook”).
Akin to Old Norse kokkr (“cook”), German Koch, Dutch kok (“cook”), and possibly also Old English āfiġen (“fried”).


clerc

clerc (nominative singular)
clercas (nominative plural)
clerc (accusative singular)
clercas (accusative plural)
clerces (genitive singular)
clerca (genitive plural)
clerce (dative singular)
clercum (dative plural)

Middle English: clerc

English: clerk

Borrowed from Late Latin clēricus (“clergyman, priest”), from Ancient Greek κληρικός (klērikós).


sangere

sangere (nominative singular)
sangeras (nominative plural)
sangere (accusative singular)
sangeras (accusative plural)
sangeres (genitive singular)
sangera (genitive plural)
sangere (dative singular)
sangerum (dative plural)

From Proto-Germanic *sangwārijaz. Equivalent to sang + -ere.


bæcere

bæcere (nominative singular)
bæceras (nominative plural)
bæcere (accusative singular)
bæceras (accusative plural)
bæceres (genitive singular)
bæcera (genitive plural)
bæcere (dative singular)
bæcerum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: bakere, backer, backere
English: baker
Scots: bakar, baikar

From Proto-West Germanic *bakārī, from Proto-Germanic *bakārijaz, corresponding to *bæc + -ere. Cognate with Old Saxon bakkāri, bekkeri, Old High German bekkāri, beckāri (>German Bäcker), Old Norse bakari (Swedish bagare).

baker (person who bakes and sells bread, etc)


bydel

bydel (nominative singular)
bydelas (nominative plural)
bydel (accusative singular)
bydelas (accusative plural)
bydeles (genitive singular)
bydela (genitive plural)
bydele (dative singular)
bydelum (dative plural)

desc

Middle English: budel, beodel, bidel, bedel

English: beadle

Scots: bedel, beddel, beddal

From Proto-West Germanic *budil, from Proto-Germanic *budilaz (“messenger, herald”), from *beudaną (“to stretch out, extend, offer”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰewdʰ- (“to make aware”), equivalent to bod + -el. Akin to Old High German butil (“beadle, court officer”), Old English bēodan (“to announce”). More at bid.


batweard

bātweard (canonical masculine)
bātweard (nominative singular)
bātweardas (nominative plural)
bātweard (accusative singular)
bātweardas (accusative plural)
bātweardes (genitive singular)
bātwearda (genitive plural)
bātwearde (dative singular)
bātweardum (dative plural)

/ˈbɑːtˌwæ͜ɑrd/

[ˈbɑːtˌwæ͜ɑrˠd]

From bāt (“boat, ship, vessel”) + weard (“ward, guardian, keeper”).

compound

Beowulf, lines 1900-1901

He gave the ship's watchman a bound gold sword.

He þæm batwearde bunden golde swurd gesealde.

ship's watchman; keeper or commander of a ship


tæppere

tæppere (nominative singular)
tæpperas (nominative plural)
tæppere (accusative singular)
tæpperas (accusative plural)
tæpperes (genitive singular)
tæppera (genitive plural)
tæppere (dative singular)
tæpperum (dative plural)

English: tapper


nowend

nōwend (canonical masculine)
nōwend (nominative singular)
nōwend (nominative plural)
nōwende (nominative plural)
nōwendas (nominative plural)
nōwend (accusative singular)
nōwend (accusative plural)
nōwende (accusative plural)
nōwendas (accusative plural)
nōwendes (genitive singular)
nōwendra (genitive plural)
nōwende (dative singular)
nōwendum (dative plural)

From *nō, *nōw (“ship”) + -end (agent suffix), from Proto-West Germanic *nō (“ship”).


meteþegn

meteþeġn (canonical masculine)
meteþeġn (nominative singular)
meteþeġnas (nominative plural)
meteþeġn (accusative singular)
meteþeġnas (accusative plural)
meteþeġnes (genitive singular)
meteþeġna (genitive plural)
meteþeġne (dative singular)
meteþeġnum (dative plural)

a food-officer; one whose duty is to look after food; sewer


beocere

bēocere (canonical masculine)
bēocere (nominative singular)
bēoceras (nominative plural)
bēocere (accusative singular)
bēoceras (accusative plural)
bēoceres (genitive singular)
bēocera (genitive plural)
bēocere (dative singular)
bēocerum (dative plural)

From Proto-West Germanic *bijakārī (“beekeeper”, literally “beehiver”), derived from *bijakaʀ (“beehive”), equivalent to bēo + *cere (“vessel-maker”). Cognate with dialectal Dutch bijker (“beekeeper”), Dutch Low Saxon bijker (“beekeeper”), French bigre ("woodsman"; via Old French bigre and Medieval Latin bigrius, bigarus (“forester, beekeeper”)).


bæcestre

head

bæcestre f (nominative plural bæcestran)

bæcestran (nominative plural)
bæcestre (nominative singular)
bæcestran (nominative plural)
bæcestran (accusative singular)
bæcestran (accusative plural)
bæcestran (genitive singular)
bæcestrena (genitive plural)
bæcestran (dative singular)
bæcestrum (dative plural)

Middle English: bakestre, bakster

English: baxter, Baxter


portgerefa

portġerēfa m (nominative plural portġerēfan)

portġerēfa (canonical masculine)
portġerēfan (nominative plural)
portġerēfa (nominative singular)
portġerēfan (nominative plural)
portġerēfan (accusative singular)
portġerēfan (accusative plural)
portġerēfan (genitive singular)
portġerēfena (genitive plural)
portġerēfan (dative singular)
portġerēfum (dative plural)

English: portreeve

From port (“a walled market town”) + ġerēfa (“reeve”).

compound

a portreeve: an office equivalent to a mayor (historical) in several major English towns or (dialect) in various minor boroughs of Wales and Southwest England


lareow

lārēow (canonical masculine)
lārēow (nominative singular)
lārēowas (nominative plural)
lārēow (accusative singular)
lārēowas (accusative plural)
lārēowes (genitive singular)
lārēowa (genitive plural)
lārēowe (dative singular)
lārēowum (dative plural)

Middle English: larew

From lār (“teaching; doctrine”) + *ēow, a word or suffix of uncertain origin and meaning, yet apparently found also in Old Saxon lērio, lēreo (“teacher, prophet”).
Some authorities believe the second element to be a corruption of Old English þēow (“servant; minister”), which shows up in later forms of the word, e.g. Old English lārþēaw (for *lārþēow), Middle English lorthew, etc., yet this might be assimilation in retrospect caused by confusion or folk-etymology.

late 9th century, King Alfred's translation of Pope Gregory's Pastoral Care
Sē lārēow sċeal bēon eallum mannum efnþrōwiende.

A teacher should be sympathetic to everyone.

c. 9-10th century, Bede, "Preface"
Ǣrest mē wæs fultumiend 7 lārēow se ārwurða abbad Albinus, se wæs wīde ġefaren 7 gelǣred, 7 wæs betst ġelǣred on Angelcynne.

My first assistant and teacher was the venerable abbot Albinus, a man who had travelled much and studied, and was the best scholar in England.


sangestre

sangestre (nominative singular)
sangestran (nominative plural)
sangestran (accusative singular)
sangestran (accusative plural)
sangestran (genitive singular)
sangestrena (genitive plural)
sangestran (dative singular)
sangestrum (dative plural)

Middle English: sangester, sangstere

English: songster


gimwyrhta

ġimwyrhta (canonical masculine)
ġimwyrhta (nominative singular)
ġimwyrhtan (nominative plural)
ġimwyrhtan (accusative singular)
ġimwyrhtan (accusative plural)
ġimwyrhtan (genitive singular)
ġimwyrhtena (genitive plural)
ġimwyrhtan (dative singular)
ġimwyrhtum (dative plural)

→ English: gemwright

Iċ ēode tō þām ġimwyrhtan and bohte dīerne hring.

I went to the jeweler and bought an expensive ring.

late 10th century, Ælfric, "The Assumption of St. John the Apostle"
Þās ġimwyrhtan seċġaþ þæt hīe nǣfre swā dīerweorðe ġimstānas ne ġemētten.

These jewelers say they've never seen such precious gems.


scolere

scōlere (canonical masculine)
scōleras (nominative plural)
scōlere (nominative singular)
scōleras (nominative plural)
scōlere (accusative singular)
scōleras (accusative plural)
scōleres (genitive singular)
scōlera (genitive plural)
scōlere (dative singular)
scōlerum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: scolere, scolare, scollere, scolier, skolere, scholer
English: scholar
Scots: scolar, scoolar
Yola: scholleare

Borrowed from Late Latin scholāris, analysed to be equivalent with scōl + -ere.


gleomann

glēomann (canonical masculine)
glēomann (nominative singular)
glēomenn (nominative plural)
glēomann (accusative singular)
glēomenn (accusative plural)
glēomannes (genitive singular)
glēomanna (genitive plural)
glēomenn (dative singular)
glēomannum (dative plural)

desc

Middle English: gleomen, glewmen, gleeman

Scots: gleman

English: gleeman


ealdormann

ealdormann (nominative singular)
ealdormenn (nominative plural)
ealdormann (accusative singular)
ealdormenn (accusative plural)
ealdormannes (genitive singular)
ealdormanna (genitive plural)
ealdormenn (dative singular)
ealdormannum (dative plural)

Middle English: alderman, aldermon

English: alderman

→ English: ealdorman, ealderman, eolderman (learned)

Compound of ealdor (“elder, leader”) + mann (“man”). Cognate with Swedish ålderman (“(archaic) elder; spokesman, representative (of a tribe or family)”).


scipere

sċipere (canonical masculine)
sċipere (nominative singular)
sċiperas (nominative plural)
sċipere (accusative singular)
sċiperas (accusative plural)
sċiperes (genitive singular)
sċipera (genitive plural)
sċipere (dative singular)
sċiperum (dative plural)

From Proto-West Germanic *skipārī (“sailor”). Equivalent to sċip (“ship”) + -ere (“-er”).


gangere

gangere (nominative singular)
gangeras (nominative plural)
gangere (accusative singular)
gangeras (accusative plural)
gangeres (genitive singular)
gangera (genitive plural)
gangere (dative singular)
gangerum (dative plural)

Middle English: ganger, gangar

English: ganger

Scots: gangar, ganger

From Proto-West Germanic *gangārī, from Proto-Germanic *gangārijaz (compare Proto-Germanic *gangilaz (“goer, walker”)), equivalent to gang + -ere. Cognate with Old Frisian gunger, Middle Low German genger, Old High German gangāri. Compare also Old Norse gangari, gangvari (“horse”).


scipwyrhta

head

sċipwyrhta m (nominative plural sċipwyrhtan)

sċipwyrhta (canonical masculine)
sċipwyrhtan (nominative plural)
sċipwyrhta (nominative singular)
sċipwyrhtan (nominative plural)
sċipwyrhtan (accusative singular)
sċipwyrhtan (accusative plural)
sċipwyrhtan (genitive singular)
sċipwyrhtena (genitive plural)
sċipwyrhtan (dative singular)
sċipwyrhtum (dative plural)

desc

Middle English: ship-wriȝth, schipwricht, shippwright, shipwright

English: shipwright

From sċip (“ship”) + wyrhta (“worker, builder”).


wægnwyrhta

wæġnwyrhta (canonical masculine)
wæġnwyrhta (nominative singular)
wæġnwyrhtan (nominative plural)
wæġnwyrhtan (accusative singular)
wæġnwyrhtan (accusative plural)
wæġnwyrhtan (genitive singular)
wæġnwyrhtena (genitive plural)
wæġnwyrhtan (dative singular)
wæġnwyrhtum (dative plural)

wæġn (“wagon”) + wyrhta (“worker, maker”)

compound

Hē ēode tō þām wæġnwyrhtan mid tebrocenum hwēole.

He went to the wainwright with a broken wheel.


scohwyrhta

sċōhwyrhta (canonical masculine)
sċōhwyrhta (nominative singular)
sċōhwyrhtan (nominative plural)
sċōhwyrhtan (accusative singular)
sċōhwyrhtan (accusative plural)
sċōhwyrhtan (genitive singular)
sċōhwyrhtena (genitive plural)
sċōhwyrhtan (dative singular)
sċōhwyrhtum (dative plural)

From sċōh (“shoe”) + wyrhta (“worker, maker”).


sceaphierde

sċēaphierde (canonical masculine)
sċēaphierde (nominative singular)
sċēaphierdas (nominative plural)
sċēaphierde (accusative singular)
sċēaphierdas (accusative plural)
sċēaphierdes (genitive singular)
sċēaphierda (genitive plural)
sċēaphierde (dative singular)
sċēaphierdum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: schepherde, scheepherd, schepherd, schepparde, schepperde, sheepeert, shepehurde, sheperde, shepherd, shepherde, shephirde, shepperde, scheperd, scheperde, sheppard, shepperd, schiperd, shippard, schypard (Late Middle English), ssepherde, ssephurde (Kent, Southern)
English: shepherd
Scots: shepherd

From Proto-West Germanic *skāpahirdī. Cognate with German Schafhirte. Equivalent to sċēap (“sheep”) + hierde (“herdsman”).

Iċ eom sē gōda sċēaphierde. Sē gōda sċēaphierde selþ his līf for his sċēapum.

I am the good shepherd. The good shepherd gives his life for his sheep.


frumlida

frumlida (nominative singular)
frumlidan (nominative plural)
frumlidan (accusative singular)
frumlidan (accusative plural)
frumlidan (genitive singular)
frumlidena (genitive plural)
frumlidan (dative singular)
frumlidum (dative plural)

From frum (“first, leading”) + lida (“sailor, traveller”).

af

the captain of a ship, boat, or other vessel


wealhstod

wealhstod (nominative singular)
wealhstodas (nominative plural)
wealhstod (accusative singular)
wealhstodas (accusative plural)
wealhstodes (genitive singular)
wealhstoda (genitive plural)
wealhstode (dative singular)
wealhstodum (dative plural)

Middle English: weallstaðel

From wealh (“Roman/Celt/Welsh person”) plus an unknown element *stod. See Proto-Germanic *walhaz.

late 9th century, King Alfred's translation of Boethius' The Consolation of Philosophy
Ælfrēd cyning wæs wealhstod þisse bēċ.

King Alfred was the translator of this book.

c. 992, Ælfric, "St. Gregory the Great, Pope of Rome"
Augustīnus hæfde ġenumen wealhstodas of Francena rīċe, swā swā Grēgorius him bebēad, and hē þurh þāra wealhstoda mūþ þām cyninge and his lēode Godes word bodode.

Augustine had taken interpreters from France, as Gregory had directed him, and through the mouth of those interpreters he preached God's word to the king and his people.

late 9th century, translation of Bede's Ecclesiastical History
Nāmon hīe ēac swelċe him wealhstodas of Franclande mid, swā him Grēgorius bebēad.

They also took with them interpreters from France, as Gregory had directed them.

c. 992, Ælfric, "On the Assumption of the Blessed Mary"
Hīerōnymus is sē fyrmesta wealhstod betwēoh Ebrēiscum and Crēcum and Lǣdenwarum.

Jerome is the first translator between the Hebrews, the Greeks, and the Romans.


ricsiend

From rīcsian (“to rule”) + -end (“agent suffix”).


æcermann

æcermann (nominative singular)
æcermenn (nominative plural)
æcermann (accusative singular)
æcermenn (accusative plural)
æcermannes (genitive singular)
æcermanna (genitive plural)
æcermenn (dative singular)
æcermannum (dative plural)

Middle English: akerman, acreman

English: acreman

From Proto-Germanic *akramann-, equivalent to æcer (“field”) + mann (“man”). Cognate with German Ackermann (“plowman”).


wyrtweard

wyrtweard (nominative singular)
wyrtweardas (nominative plural)
wyrtweard (accusative singular)
wyrtweardas (accusative plural)
wyrtweardes (genitive singular)
wyrtwearda (genitive plural)
wyrtwearde (dative singular)
wyrtweardum (dative plural)

From wyrt (“plant”) + weard (“ward”). Compare wuduweard (“forester”), which is formed similarly.

c. 990, Wessex Gospels, John 20:15

Then Jesus said to her (Mary Magdalene), "Ma'am, why are you crying? Who are you looking for?" Thinking he was the gardener, she said to him, "Sir, if you took him (Jesus' dead body) somewhere, then tell me where you put him, and I will take him."

Þā cwæþ sē Hǣlend tō hire, "Wīf, hwȳ wēpst þū? Hwone sēcst þū?" Hēo wēnde þæt hit sē wyrtweard wǣre, and cwæþ tō him, "Lēof, ġif þū hine nāme, sæġe mē hwǣr þū hine leġde, and iċ hine nime."


æcerceorl

æcerċeorl (canonical masculine)
æcerċeorl (nominative singular)
æcerċeorlas (nominative plural)
æcerċeorl (accusative singular)
æcerċeorlas (accusative plural)
æcerċeorles (genitive singular)
æcerċeorla (genitive plural)
æcerċeorle (dative singular)
æcerċeorlum (dative plural)


dreamere

drēamere (canonical masculine)
drēamere (nominative singular)
drēameras (nominative plural)
drēamere (accusative singular)
drēameras (accusative plural)
drēameres (genitive singular)
drēamera (genitive plural)
drēamere (dative singular)
drēamerum (dative plural)


predicere

predicere (nominative singular)
prediceras (nominative plural)
predicere (accusative singular)
prediceras (accusative plural)
prediceres (genitive singular)
predicera (genitive plural)
predicere (dative singular)
predicerum (dative plural)


ceapmann

ċēapmann (canonical masculine)
ċēapmann (nominative singular)
ċēapmenn (nominative plural)
ċēapmann (accusative singular)
ċēapmenn (accusative plural)
ċēapmannes (genitive singular)
ċēapmanna (genitive plural)
ċēapmenn (dative singular)
ċēapmannum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: chapman, capman, chepman, chipman, schapman, schipman, shapmann, chapmon, chæpmon, chepmon (Early Middle English), chappmann (Ormulum)
English: chapman
⇒ English: chap
Pennsylvania German: Tschaepp (“guy”)
Scots: chapman

/ˈt͡ʃæ͜ɑːpˌmɑnn/

[ˈt͡ʃæ͜ɑːpˌmɑn]

From Proto-West Germanic *kaupamann; equivalent to ċēap + mann.


swinhierde

swīnhierde (canonical masculine)
swīnhierde (nominative singular)
swīnhierdas (nominative plural)
swīnhierde (accusative singular)
swīnhierdas (accusative plural)
swīnhierdes (genitive singular)
swīnhierda (genitive plural)
swīnhierde (dative singular)
swīnhierdum (dative plural)

Middle English: swyneherde

English: swineherd

From Proto-West Germanic *swīnahirdī. Equivalent to swīn (“pig”) + hierde (“herder”).


grammaticere

grammatiċere (canonical masculine)
grammatiċere (nominative singular)
grammatiċeras (nominative plural)
grammatiċere (accusative singular)
grammatiċeras (accusative plural)
grammatiċeres (genitive singular)
grammatiċera (genitive plural)
grammatiċere (dative singular)
grammatiċerum (dative plural)

From grammatiċ + -ere. Cognate with Old High German gramatichare.


weorcmann

weorcmann (nominative singular)
weorcmenn (nominative plural)
weorcmann (accusative singular)
weorcmenn (accusative plural)
weorcmannes (genitive singular)
weorcmanna (genitive plural)
weorcmenn (dative singular)
weorcmannum (dative plural)

Middle English: werkman

English: workman

Scots: warkman, werkman


sutere

sūtere (canonical masculine)
sūtere (nominative singular)
sūteras (nominative plural)
sūtere (accusative singular)
sūteras (accusative plural)
sūteres (genitive singular)
sūtera (genitive plural)
sūtere (dative singular)
sūterum (dative plural)

Middle English: soutere, sotter, sotur, souter, soutre, sowtar, sowtare, sowter, sowtere, sutare, suter, sutere, sutter, zoutere (Kent)
English: souter
Scots: souter, sutter

→ Old Norse: sútari

Old Swedish: sūtare

→ Finnish: suutari


webba

webba (nominative singular)
webban (nominative plural)
webban (accusative singular)
webban (accusative plural)
webban (genitive singular)
webbena (genitive plural)
webban (dative singular)
webbum (dative plural)

Middle English: web, webb, webbe, webe, weob
English: web
Scots: wab, wob


tungolcræftiga

tungolcræftiga (nominative singular)
tungolcræftigan (nominative plural)
tungolcræftigan (accusative singular)
tungolcræftigan (accusative plural)
tungolcræftigan (genitive singular)
tungolcræftigena (genitive plural)
tungolcræftigan (dative singular)
tungolcræftigum (dative plural)

Regularly derived from tungolcræft (“astronomy”) using the suffixes -iġ and -a. Also equivalent to tungol (“star”) + cræftiga (“skilled worker, professional”).


duruweard

duruweard (nominative singular)
duruweardas (nominative plural)
duruweard (accusative singular)
duruweardas (accusative plural)
duruweardes (genitive singular)
duruwearda (genitive plural)
duruwearde (dative singular)
duruweardum (dative plural)

Middle English: dorward

From Proto-Germanic *durawardaz. Equivalent to duru (“door”) + weard (“guardian, watchman”). Cognate with Gothic 𐌳𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐍅𐌰𐍂𐌳𐍃 (daurawards, “porter, gatekeeper”), Icelandic dyravörður (“porter”) and German Torwart (“goalkeeper”).


sæmann

sǣmann (canonical masculine)
sǣmann (nominative singular)
sǣmenn (nominative plural)
sǣmann (accusative singular)
sǣmenn (accusative plural)
sǣmannes (genitive singular)
sǣmanna (genitive plural)
sǣmenn (dative singular)
sǣmannum (dative plural)

Middle English: seman

English: seaman

Scots: seaman

From sǣ + mann. Cognate with Dutch zeeman, German Seemann, Swedish sjöman and Icelandic sjómaður.


beorþorþinen

beorþorþīnen (canonical feminine)
beorþorþīnen (nominative singular)
beorþorþīnenna (nominative plural)
beorþorþīnenne (nominative plural)
beorþorþīnenne (accusative singular)
beorþorþīnenna (accusative plural)
beorþorþīnenne (accusative plural)
beorþorþīnenne (genitive singular)
beorþorþīnenna (genitive plural)
beorþorþīnenne (dative singular)
beorþorþīnennum (dative plural)

From beorþor (“childbirth”) + þīnen (“female assistant, handmaid”).


cræftiga

cræftiga (nominative singular)
cræftigan (nominative plural)
cræftigan (accusative singular)
cræftigan (accusative plural)
cræftigan (genitive singular)
cræftigena (genitive plural)
cræftigan (dative singular)
cræftigum (dative plural)

From cræftgian, equivalent to cræftiġ (“skilled”) + -a (agentive suffix).


stærwritere

stǣrwrītere (canonical masculine)
stǣrwrītere (nominative singular)
stǣrwrīteras (nominative plural)
stǣrwrītere (accusative singular)
stǣrwrīteras (accusative plural)
stǣrwrīteres (genitive singular)
stǣrwrītera (genitive plural)
stǣrwrītere (dative singular)
stǣrwrīterum (dative plural)


reþra

rēþra (canonical masculine)
rēþra (nominative singular)
rēþran (nominative plural)
rēþran (accusative singular)
rēþran (accusative plural)
rēþran (genitive singular)
rēþrena (genitive plural)
rēþran (dative singular)
rēþrum (dative plural)

Apparently from Proto-West Germanic *rōþrijō (literally “rudder-er”), though there are no cognates. Ultimately derived from an earlier form of rōþor (“oar, rudder”). Compare German Ruderer, which is formed similarly with a different agent suffix.


heremann

heremann (nominative singular)
heremenn (nominative plural)
heremann (accusative singular)
heremenn (accusative plural)
heremannes (genitive singular)
heremanna (genitive plural)
heremenn (dative singular)
heremannum (dative plural)

From Proto-Germanic *harjamann-. Equivalent to here (“army”) + mann (“man”).


cempestre

cempestre (nominative singular)
cempestran (nominative plural)
cempestran (accusative singular)
cempestran (accusative plural)
cempestran (genitive singular)
cempestrena (genitive plural)
cempestran (dative singular)
cempestrum (dative plural)

Either from camp + -estre or cempa + -estre.


wuduweard

wuduweard (nominative singular)
wuduweardas (nominative plural)
wuduweard (accusative singular)
wuduweardas (accusative plural)
wuduweardes (genitive singular)
wuduwearda (genitive plural)
wuduwearde (dative singular)
wuduweardum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: wodeward, wode-ward, wodewarde, woodward
English: woodward (archaic)

From wudu (“forest”) + weard (“ward”). Compare wyrtweard (“gardener”, literally “plant ward”), which is formed similarly.


stæfcræftiga

stæfcræftiga (nominative singular)
stæfcræftigan (nominative plural)
stæfcræftigan (accusative singular)
stæfcræftigan (accusative plural)
stæfcræftigan (genitive singular)
stæfcræftigena (genitive plural)
stæfcræftigan (dative singular)
stæfcræftigum (dative plural)

Regularly derived from stæfcræft (“grammar”) using the suffixes -iġ and -a. Also equivalent to stæf (“letter”) + cræftiga (“skilled worker, professional”).


rimcræftiga

rīmcræftiga (canonical masculine)
rīmcræftiga (nominative singular)
rīmcræftigan (nominative plural)
rīmcræftigan (accusative singular)
rīmcræftigan (accusative plural)
rīmcræftigan (genitive singular)
rīmcræftigena (genitive plural)
rīmcræftigan (dative singular)
rīmcræftigum (dative plural)

Regularly derived from rīmcræft (“mathematics”) using the suffixes -iġ and -a. Also equivalent to rīm (“number”) + cræftiga (“skilled worker, professional”).


scipmann

sċipmann (canonical masculine)
sċipmann (nominative singular)
sċipmenn (nominative plural)
sċipmann (accusative singular)
sċipmenn (accusative plural)
sċipmannes (genitive singular)
sċipmanna (genitive plural)
sċipmenn (dative singular)
sċipmannum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: schipman, chipman, schip man, schippeman, schypmanne, shipman, shipmon, shippeman, shippman, shypman, ssipman, szipman, scipmon, sipman (Early Middle English)
English: shipman
Middle Scots: schipman

From Proto-Germanic *skipamann-. Equivalent to sċip (“ship”) + mann (“person”).


rowend

rōwend (canonical masculine)
rōwend (nominative singular)
rōwend (nominative plural)
rōwende (nominative plural)
rōwendas (nominative plural)
rōwend (accusative singular)
rōwend (accusative plural)
rōwende (accusative plural)
rōwendas (accusative plural)
rōwendes (genitive singular)
rōwendra (genitive plural)
rōwende (dative singular)
rōwendum (dative plural)


cieswyrhta

ċīeswyrhta (canonical masculine)
ċīeswyrhta (nominative singular)
ċīeswyrhtan (nominative plural)
ċīeswyrhtan (accusative singular)
ċīeswyrhtan (accusative plural)
ċīeswyrhtan (genitive singular)
ċīeswyrhtena (genitive plural)
ċīeswyrhtan (dative singular)
ċīeswyrhtum (dative plural)

English: cheesewright


refa

English: reeve


tungolwitga

tungolwītga (canonical masculine)
tungolwītga (nominative singular)
tungolwītgan (nominative plural)
tungolwītgan (accusative singular)
tungolwītgan (accusative plural)
tungolwītgan (genitive singular)
tungolwītgena (genitive plural)
tungolwītgan (dative singular)
tungolwītgum (dative plural)

Compound of tungol (“star”) + wītga (“prophet”). Displaced by English astrologer. Compare Old Polish gwiazdomówca or Ancient Greek ἀστρολόγος (astrológos), which are formed using similar lexemes.

com+

Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, Manuscript A, year 2

Then astrologers from the east came to worship Christ.

Þā tungolwītgan of ēastdǣle cōmon tō þon þæt hīe Crist weorðoden.


wigend

wīgend (canonical masculine)
wīgend (nominative singular)
wīgend (nominative plural)
wīgende (nominative plural)
wīgendas (nominative plural)
wīgend (accusative singular)
wīgend (accusative plural)
wīgende (accusative plural)
wīgendas (accusative plural)
wīgendes (genitive singular)
wīgendra (genitive plural)
wīgende (dative singular)
wīgendum (dative plural)


tidsceawere

tīdsċēawere (canonical masculine)
tīdsċēawere (nominative singular)
tīdsċēaweras (nominative plural)
tīdsċēawere (accusative singular)
tīdsċēaweras (accusative plural)
tīdsċēaweres (genitive singular)
tīdsċēawera (genitive plural)
tīdsċēawere (dative singular)
tīdsċēawerum (dative plural)

From tīd (“time”) + sċēawere (“spy, guard”)


mylenweard

mylenweard (nominative singular)
mylenweardas (nominative plural)
mylenweard (accusative singular)
mylenweardas (accusative plural)
mylenweardes (genitive singular)
mylenwearda (genitive plural)
mylenwearde (dative singular)
mylenweardum (dative plural)

English: Millward


æscmann

æsċmann (canonical masculine)
æsċmann (nominative singular)
æsċmenn (nominative plural)
æsċmann (accusative singular)
æsċmenn (accusative plural)
æsċmannes (genitive singular)
æsċmanna (genitive plural)
æsċmenn (dative singular)
æsċmannum (dative plural)

From æsċ (“a type of small ship”) + mann (“person”)


scolmann

scōlmann (canonical masculine)
scōlmann (nominative singular)
scōlmenn (nominative plural)
scōlmann (accusative singular)
scōlmenn (accusative plural)
scōlmannes (genitive singular)
scōlmanna (genitive plural)
scōlmenn (dative singular)
scōlmannum (dative plural)

English: schoolman


steoresmann

stēoresmann (canonical masculine)
stēoresmann (nominative singular)
stēoresmenn (nominative plural)
stēoresmann (accusative singular)
stēoresmenn (accusative plural)
stēoresmannes (genitive singular)
stēoresmanna (genitive plural)
stēoresmenn (dative singular)
stēoresmannum (dative plural)

English: steersman

From stēor (“steering”) + mann (“person, man”)


steormann

stēormann (canonical masculine)
stēormann (nominative singular)
stēormenn (nominative plural)
stēormann (accusative singular)
stēormenn (accusative plural)
stēormannes (genitive singular)
stēormanna (genitive plural)
stēormenn (dative singular)
stēormannum (dative plural)

English: steersman


seolforsmiþ

seolforsmiþ (canonical masculine)
seolforsmiþ (nominative singular)
seolforsmiþas (nominative plural)
seolforsmiþ (accusative singular)
seolforsmiþas (accusative plural)
seolforsmiþes (genitive singular)
seolforsmiþa (genitive plural)
seolforsmiþe (dative singular)
seolforsmiþum (dative plural)

English: silversmith

from Proto-Germanic *silubrasmiþaz (“silversmith”). By surface analysis, seolfor + smiþ


gereþra

ġerēþra (canonical masculine)
ġerēþra (nominative singular)
ġerēþran (nominative plural)
ġerēþran (accusative singular)
ġerēþran (accusative plural)
ġerēþran (genitive singular)
ġerēþrena (genitive plural)
ġerēþran (dative singular)
ġerēþrum (dative plural)


liþend

līþend (canonical masculine)
līþend (nominative singular)
līþend (nominative plural)
līþende (nominative plural)
līþendas (nominative plural)
līþend (accusative singular)
līþend (accusative plural)
līþende (accusative plural)
līþendas (accusative plural)
līþendes (genitive singular)
līþendra (genitive plural)
līþende (dative singular)
līþendum (dative plural)


brimmann

brimmann (nominative singular)
brimmenn (nominative plural)
brimmann (accusative singular)
brimmenn (accusative plural)
brimmannes (genitive singular)
brimmanna (genitive plural)
brimmenn (dative singular)
brimmannum (dative plural)


lidmann

lidmann (nominative singular)
lidmenn (nominative plural)
lidmann (accusative singular)
lidmenn (accusative plural)
lidmannes (genitive singular)
lidmanna (genitive plural)
lidmenn (dative singular)
lidmannum (dative plural)


scieldwyrhta

sċīeldwyrhta (canonical masculine)
sċīeldwyrhta (nominative singular)
sċīeldwyrhtan (nominative plural)
sċīeldwyrhtan (accusative singular)
sċīeldwyrhtan (accusative plural)
sċīeldwyrhtan (genitive singular)
sċīeldwyrhtena (genitive plural)
sċīeldwyrhtan (dative singular)
sċīeldwyrhtum (dative plural)

English: shieldwright


scegþmann

sċeġþmann (canonical neuter)
sċeġþmann (nominative singular)
sċeġþmenn (nominative plural)
sċeġþmann (accusative singular)
sċeġþmenn (accusative plural)
sċeġþmannes (genitive singular)
sċeġþmanna (genitive plural)
sċeġþmenn (dative singular)
sċeġþmannum (dative plural)

From sċeġþ (“small, light ship”) + mann (“person”)


burgealdor

burgealdor (nominative singular)
burgealdras (nominative plural)
burgealdor (accusative singular)
burgealdras (accusative plural)
burgealdres (genitive singular)
burgealdra (genitive plural)
burgealdre (dative singular)
burgealdrum (dative plural)

From burg (“city”) + ealdor (“chief, lord, leader”)


weardmann

weardmann (nominative singular)
weardmenn (nominative plural)
weardmann (accusative singular)
weardmenn (accusative plural)
weardmannes (genitive singular)
weardmanna (genitive plural)
weardmenn (dative singular)
weardmannum (dative plural)

English: Wardman


arsmiþ

ārsmiþ (canonical masculine)
ārsmiþ (nominative singular)
ārsmiþas (nominative plural)
ārsmiþ (accusative singular)
ārsmiþas (accusative plural)
ārsmiþes (genitive singular)
ārsmiþa (genitive plural)
ārsmiþe (dative singular)
ārsmiþum (dative plural)


stigend

stīgend (canonical masculine)
stīgend (nominative singular)
stīgend (nominative plural)
stīgende (nominative plural)
stīgendas (nominative plural)
stīgend (accusative singular)
stīgend (accusative plural)
stīgende (accusative plural)
stīgendas (accusative plural)
stīgendes (genitive singular)
stīgendra (genitive plural)
stīgende (dative singular)
stīgendum (dative plural)

By surface analysis, stīgan (“to ascend”) + -end


beorscealc

bēorsċealc (canonical masculine)
bēorsċealc (nominative singular)
bēorsċealcas (nominative plural)
bēorsċealc (accusative singular)
bēorsċealcas (accusative plural)
bēorsċealces (genitive singular)
bēorsċealca (genitive plural)
bēorsċealce (dative singular)
bēorsċealcum (dative plural)

/ˈbe͜oːrˌʃæ͜ɑlk/

[ˈbe͜oːrˌʃæ͜ɑɫk]


læstwyrhta

lǣstwyrhta (canonical masculine)
lǣstwyrhta (nominative singular)
lǣstwyrhtan (nominative plural)
lǣstwyrhtan (accusative singular)
lǣstwyrhtan (accusative plural)
lǣstwyrhtan (genitive singular)
lǣstwyrhtena (genitive plural)
lǣstwyrhtan (dative singular)
lǣstwyrhtum (dative plural)

From lǣste (“last (tool)”) + wyrhta (“wright”)


isenwyrhta

īsenwyrhta (canonical masculine)
īsenwyrhta (nominative singular)
īsenwyrhtan (nominative plural)
īsenwyrhtan (accusative singular)
īsenwyrhtan (accusative plural)
īsenwyrhtan (genitive singular)
īsenwyrhtena (genitive plural)
īsenwyrhtan (dative singular)
īsenwyrhtum (dative plural)


crocwyrhta

crocwyrhta (nominative singular)
crocwyrhtan (nominative plural)
crocwyrhtan (accusative singular)
crocwyrhtan (accusative plural)
crocwyrhtan (genitive singular)
crocwyrhtena (genitive plural)
crocwyrhtan (dative singular)
crocwyrhtum (dative plural)

From crocca (“crock”) + wyrhta (“wright”)


sealmwyrhta

sealmwyrhta (nominative singular)
sealmwyrhtan (nominative plural)
sealmwyrhtan (accusative singular)
sealmwyrhtan (accusative plural)
sealmwyrhtan (genitive singular)
sealmwyrhtena (genitive plural)
sealmwyrhtan (dative singular)
sealmwyrhtum (dative plural)

From sealm (“psalm”) + wyrhta (“wright”)


batswegen

English: boatswain

English: bosun