morþ

morþ (nominative singular)
morþ (nominative plural)
morþ (accusative singular)
morþ (accusative plural)
morþes (genitive singular)
morþa (genitive plural)
morþe (dative singular)
morþum (dative plural)

Middle English: morth, murth

Scots: murth

English: murth

From Proto-West Germanic *morþ, from Proto-Germanic *murþą, from Proto-Indo-European *mr̥tós (“dead”).
Cognate with Old Saxon morð, Dutch moord, Old High German mord (German Mord), Old Norse morð. The Proto-Indo-European root is also the source of Ancient Greek βροτός (brotós, “mortal”) (earlier *μροτός (*mrotós)), Latin mortis (genitive of mors (“death”)), Old Church Slavonic мрѣти (mrěti) (Russian мере́ть (merétʹ)), Lithuanian mirtis (“death”). Compare Old English morþor.

cog

genitive of <i class="Latn mention" lang="la">mors</i> (“death”)


camb

camb (nominative singular)
cambas (nominative plural)
camb (accusative singular)
cambas (accusative plural)
cambes (genitive singular)
camba (genitive plural)
cambe (dative singular)
cambum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: comb, combe, kombe, camb, kambe, cambe
English: comb
Scots: camb, came, kame, kaim, kem
Yola: cowm, khime

From Proto-West Germanic *kamb, from Proto-Germanic *kambaz.
Cognate with Old Saxon camb, Dutch kam, Old High German chamb (German Kamm), Old Norse kambr (Swedish kam); and with Ancient Greek γόμφος (gómphos, “pin”), Old Armenian ծամեմ (camem, “to chew”), Russian зуб (zub).

Fēnixas habbaþ cambas on hēafde swā pāwan.

Phoenixes have crests on their head like peacocks.


sprecan

sprecan (infinitive)
sprecenne (infinitive)
sprece (first-person present singular)
spræc (first-person past singular)
spricst (present second-person singular)
sprǣce (past second-person singular)
spricþ (present singular third-person)
spræc (past singular third-person)
sprecaþ (plural present)
sprǣcon (past plural)
sprece (present singular)
sprǣce (past singular)
sprecen (plural present)
sprǣcen (past plural)
sprec (imperative past present singular)
sprecaþ (imperative past plural present)
sprecende (imperative present)
sprecen (imperative past)
ġesprecen (imperative past)

Middle English: speken
English: speak
Scots: speke, speik

The Dialogues of Solomon and Saturn
Saga mē, hwylc man ǣrest wǣre wið hund sprecende?

Tell me, who was the first man who spoke with a dog?

c. 890s, The Voyage of Ohthere and Wulfstan
Þā Finnas, him þūhte, and þā Beormas sprǣcon nēah ān ġeþēode.

The Sami, it seemed to him, and the Bjarmians spoke almost the same language.

c. 990, Wessex Gospels, John 4:27

His disciples were amazed that he was talking to a woman, though none of them said "What are you looking for?" or "What are you saying to her?"

His leornungcneohtas wundrodon þæt hē wiþ wīf spræc, þēah heora nān ne cwæþ "Hwæt sēcst þū?" oþþe "Hwæt spricst þū wiþ hīe?"

c. 992, Ælfric, "The Nativity of St. Paul the Apostle"
Petrus āna spræc for ealne þone hēap.

Peter by himself spoke for the whole group.


fyrhtu

Middle English: fright, friȝt, freyhte, fyrht, furht, frigt, fryȝt
English: fright
Scots: fricht

From Proto-West Germanic *furhtī, from Proto-Germanic *furhtį̄.


glæs

glæs (nominative singular)
glasu (nominative plural)
glæs (accusative singular)
glasu (accusative plural)
glæses (genitive singular)
glasa (genitive plural)
glæse (dative singular)
glasum (dative plural)

Middle English: glas
English: glass (see there for further descendants)
Scots: gless, glass

From Proto-West Germanic *glas, from Proto-Germanic *glasą, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰel- (“to shine, shimmer, glow”). Compare Old Saxon glas, Old Dutch glas, Old High German glas, Old Norse gler.


deaþ

dēaþ (canonical masculine)
dēaþ (nominative singular)
dēaþas (nominative plural)
dēaþ (accusative singular)
dēaþas (accusative plural)
dēaþes (genitive singular)
dēaþa (genitive plural)
dēaþe (dative singular)
dēaþum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: deeth, deð, dæð, dæþ, deth, deþ, deeþ, deþe, dethe
English: death
Scots: deith, daith

From Proto-West Germanic *dauþu, from Proto-Germanic *dauþuz, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰautus. Cognate with Old Frisian dāth, Old Saxon dōth, Old Dutch *dōth, Old High German tōd, Old Norse dauðr, Gothic 𐌳𐌰𐌿𐌸𐌿𐍃 (dauþus).

late 10th century, Ælfric, "Saint Sebastian, Martyr"
...ac hī þurhwunodon swā þēah on þām ġewinne ōð dēað.

...but they nevertheless continued in that warfare till death.


dema

dēma (canonical masculine)
dēma (nominative singular)
dēman (nominative plural)
dēman (accusative singular)
dēman (accusative plural)
dēman (genitive singular)
dēmena (genitive plural)
dēman (dative singular)
dēmum (dative plural)

Middle English: deme

dēman (“to judge”) + -a (agent-noun suffix)


seolfor

seolfor (nominative singular)
seolfor (nominative plural)
seolfor (accusative singular)
seolfor (accusative plural)
seolfres (genitive singular)
seolfra (genitive plural)
seolfre (dative singular)
seolfrum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: silver, selver, seolver, sulver, sylver
English: silver, ☽, ☾ (alchemy)
Jamaican Creole: silva
→ Maori: hiriwa
→ Zulu: isiliva
Scots: silver, siller

From Proto-West Germanic *silubr, whence also Old High German silbar, Old Norse silfr.

late 10th century, Ælfric, "Chair of Saint Peter"
...Næbbe ic seolfor ne gold, ic þē dō þæt ic hæbbe...

...I have neither silver nor gold, I give thee that I have...


muþ

mūþ (canonical masculine)
mūþ (nominative singular)
mūþas (nominative plural)
mūþ (accusative singular)
mūþas (accusative plural)
mūþes (genitive singular)
mūþa (genitive plural)
mūþe (dative singular)
mūþum (dative plural)

Middle English: mouth

English: mouth

Scots: mooth

From Proto-West Germanic *munþ.
Cognates
Cognates include Old Frisian mūth, mund, mond (North Frisian müth, West Frisian mûn), Old Saxon mūth, Old Dutch mund (Dutch mond), Old High German mund (German Mund), Old Norse muðr, munnr (Danish mund, Icelandic munnur, Norwegian munn, Swedish mun), Gothic 𐌼𐌿𐌽𐌸𐍃 (munþs).


bælg

Middle English: bely, beli, baly, belwe, balyw, belgh
English: belly, ballow, bellows
Scots: belly, bally
Yola: bellee, belooze


scamu

sċamu (canonical feminine)
sċamu (nominative singular)
sċama (nominative plural)
sċame (nominative plural)
sċame (accusative singular)
sċama (accusative plural)
sċame (accusative plural)
sċame (genitive singular)
sċama (genitive plural)
sċame (dative singular)
sċamum (dative plural)

Middle English: schame, schome

Scots: scham, schame

English: shame; >? sham

From Proto-Germanic *skamō. Cognate with Old Frisian skome, Old Saxon skama, Old Dutch skama, Old High German scama, Old Norse skǫmm.

late 9th century, King Alfred's translation of Saint Augustine's Soliloquies
Ġenōh lange ic wæs on þām bysmore and on þǣre sceame, þe hȳ mē on ġebrōhton;...

Long enough have I been in the reproach and shame which they brought on me;...


bæc

bæc (nominative singular)
bacu (nominative plural)
bæc (accusative singular)
bacu (accusative plural)
bæces (genitive singular)
baca (genitive plural)
bæce (dative singular)
bacum (dative plural)

Middle English: bak, back

English: back

Scots: bak, back, bake

From Proto-West Germanic *bak, from Proto-Germanic *baką.

late 10th century, Ælfric, "De libro regum"
...Hieu hine scēt bæftan his bæce þæt him tōbærst sēo heorte.

...Jehu shot him behind his back, so that his heart burst.


andswaru

andswaru (nominative singular)
andswara (nominative plural)
andsware (nominative plural)
andsware (accusative singular)
andswara (accusative plural)
andsware (accusative plural)
andsware (genitive singular)
andswara (genitive plural)
andsware (dative singular)
andswarum (dative plural)

desc

Middle English: andsware, answere, answar, answer

English: answer

Scots: answer

From Proto-West Germanic *andaswaru, from Proto-Germanic *andaswarō. Equivalent to and- + swaru.


beod

bēod (canonical masculine)
bēod (nominative singular)
bēodas (nominative plural)
bēod (accusative singular)
bēodas (accusative plural)
bēodes (genitive singular)
bēoda (genitive plural)
bēode (dative singular)
bēodum (dative plural)

Middle English: beod, bied


baþian

baþian (infinitive)
baþienne (infinitive)
baþiġe (first-person present singular)
baþode (first-person past singular)
baþast (present second-person singular)
baþodest (past second-person singular)
baþaþ (present singular third-person)
baþode (past singular third-person)
baþiaþ (plural present)
baþodon (past plural)
baþiġe (present singular)
baþode (past singular)
baþiġen (plural present)
baþoden (past plural)
baþa (imperative past present singular)
baþiaþ (imperative past plural present)
baþiende (imperative present)
baþod (imperative past)
ġebaþod (imperative past)

desctree

Middle English: bathen, baathe, bathe, bathien, baþen, baþie, baþiȝe, baðien, beaðien (Early Middle English)
English: bathe
Scots: bathe, baith, bauthe

baþian brimfuglas, · brǣdan feþra,
hrēosan hrīm ond snāw, · hagle ġemenġed.

bathe of sea-birds, spread of feathers,
fall of frost and snow, mingled with hail.


bolla

bollan (nominative plural)
bolla (nominative singular)
bollan (nominative plural)
bollan (accusative singular)
bollan (accusative plural)
bollan (genitive singular)
bollena (genitive plural)
bollan (dative singular)
bollum (dative plural)

Middle English: bolle

English: bowl

Scots: boll, bow, (?) bowie

→ Proto-Brythonic:

Breton: bolenn

Welsh: powlen

→ Middle French: bolle

French: bol
→ Catalan: bol
→ Greek: μπολ (bol)

From Proto-Germanic *bullô. Cognate with Middle Dutch bolle (Dutch bol), Old Norse bolli, Old High German bolla.


ceorl

ċeorl (canonical masculine)
ċeorl (nominative singular)
ċeorlas (nominative plural)
ċeorl (accusative singular)
ċeorlas (accusative plural)
ċeorles (genitive singular)
ċeorla (genitive plural)
ċeorle (dative singular)
ċeorlum (dative plural)

Middle English: cherl, cheorl, churl
English: churl
Scots: churl
Yola: chourle

From Proto-West Germanic *karil, *karul, from Proto-Germanic *karilaz, *karulaz (“man”), akin to Old Frisian tzerl, tzirl (West Frisian tsjirl), Old Norse karl (Danish/Norwegian/Swedish/Danish karl), Old High German karal, Middle Low German kerl (German Kerl).


breost

brēost (canonical neuter)
brēost (nominative singular)
brēost (nominative plural)
brēost (accusative singular)
brēost (accusative plural)
brēostes (genitive singular)
brēosta (genitive plural)
brēoste (dative singular)
brēostum (dative plural)
brēost (nominative singular)
brēosta (nominative plural)
brēoste (nominative plural)
brēoste (accusative singular)
brēosta (accusative plural)
brēoste (accusative plural)
brēoste (genitive singular)
brēosta (genitive plural)
brēoste (dative singular)
brēostum (dative plural)

Middle English: brest, breste, breost, breist, brost, brust, brist, breast, bryest
English: brest, breast
Scots: brest, breist, breest

From Proto-Germanic *breustą, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrews- (“to swell”). Cognate with Old Frisian briāst, Old Saxon briost, Old Norse brjóst.

der

heart (seat of emotions located in the chest area)


brycg

bryċġ (canonical feminine)
bryċġ (nominative singular)
bryċġa (nominative plural)
bryċġe (nominative plural)
bryċġe (accusative singular)
bryċġa (accusative plural)
bryċġe (accusative plural)
bryċġe (genitive singular)
bryċġa (genitive plural)
bryċġe (dative singular)
bryċġum (dative plural)

ang-decl-noun-o-f

bryċġ

ang-decl-noun

bryċġ

desctree

Middle English: brigge, brugge, brygge, bregge, brige, brig, bryge, brydge
English: bridge
Geordie English: brig
Scots: brig
Yola: burge


colian

cōlian (canonical)
cōlian (infinitive)
cōlienne (infinitive)
cōliġe (first-person present singular)
cōlode (first-person past singular)
cōlast (present second-person singular)
cōlodest (past second-person singular)
cōlaþ (present singular third-person)
cōlode (past singular third-person)
cōliaþ (plural present)
cōlodon (past plural)
cōliġe (present singular)
cōlode (past singular)
cōliġen (plural present)
cōloden (past plural)
cōla (imperative past present singular)
cōliaþ (imperative past plural present)
cōliende (imperative present)
cōlod (imperative past)
ġecōlod (imperative past)


cweorn

Middle English: quern, querne, queerne, cwerne, quyerne, quyrne, qwerne, whern, qweryn, qwhern
English: quern, kern, curn, quirn
Scots: querne, quern, queirn, queern
Yola: querne


bodig

bodiġ (canonical neuter)
bodiġ (nominative singular)
bodiġ (nominative plural)
bodiġ (accusative singular)
bodiġ (accusative plural)
bodiġes (genitive singular)
bodiġa (genitive plural)
bodiġe (dative singular)
bodiġum (dative plural)

Middle English: bodi, bode, boddy, boady, boody, boode
English: body
Scots: body
Yola: buthee, bothige, bodhee

From Proto-West Germanic *bodag (“body, trunk”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰewdʰ- (“to be awake, observe”).


ceace

ċēace (canonical feminine)
ċēace (nominative singular)
ċēacan (nominative plural)
ċēacan (accusative singular)
ċēacan (accusative plural)
ċēacan (genitive singular)
ċēacena (genitive plural)
ċēacan (dative singular)
ċēacum (dative plural)

desctree

merged with <i class="Latn mention" lang="ang">ċēoce</i>

Middle English: cheke, cheek, cheeke, cheoke, chieke, chike, choke, chooke, chyke (merged with ċēoce)
English: cheek; choke
Scots: cheek

/ˈt͡ʃæ͜ɑː.ke/

From Proto-West Germanic *kākā (“jaw, cheek”).


cradol

cradol (nominative singular)
cradolas (nominative plural)
cradol (accusative singular)
cradolas (accusative plural)
cradoles (genitive singular)
cradola (genitive plural)
cradole (dative singular)
cradolum (dative plural)

Middle English: cradel, credel

English: cradle

Scots: cradill, credill


cirice

ċiriċe (canonical feminine)
ċiriċe (nominative singular)
ċirican (nominative plural)
ċirican (accusative singular)
ċirican (accusative plural)
ċirican (genitive singular)
ċiricena (genitive plural)
ċirican (dative singular)
ċiricum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: chirche, kirke
English: church
Geordie English: chorch, kirk
Scots: kirk
Yola: chourch

→ Old Norse: kirkja (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-West Germanic *kirikā, from Byzantine Greek κυριακόν (δῶμα) (kuriakón (dôma), “the Lord's (house)”).

der

κυριακόν (δῶμα)


biernan

biernan (infinitive)
biernenne (infinitive)
bierne (first-person present singular)
barn (first-person past singular)
born (first-person past singular)
bearn (first-person past singular)
biernst (present second-person singular)
burne (past second-person singular)
biernþ (present singular third-person)
barn (past singular third-person)
born (past singular third-person)
bearn (past singular third-person)
biernaþ (plural present)
burnon (past plural)
bierne (present singular)
burne (past singular)
biernen (plural present)
burnen (past plural)
biern (imperative past present singular)
biernaþ (imperative past plural present)
biernende (imperative present)
burnen (imperative past)
ġeburnen (imperative past)

desctree

Middle English: bernen, bern, berne, birnen, brennen
English: burn
Scots: bern, brenn, bren, brend

Metathesis of earlier *brinnan, from Proto-West Germanic *brinnan, from Proto-Germanic *brinnaną. Cognate with Old Saxon brinnan, Old Dutch brinnan, Old High German brinnan, Old Norse brinna, Gothic 𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽 (brinnan).

c. 900, translation of Orosius' History Against the Pagans
Man ġeseah swelċe sē heofon burne.

translation of "Alexander the Great's Letter to Aristotle"
Þā fȳr fēollon on þā eorðan swelċe biernende þæċele, and eall sē feld barn.

The fires fell to the earth like a flaming torch, and the whole field burned.

late 10th century, Ælfric, "The Nativity of the Lord"
Hé wearð ða afylled mid graman, and hét onǽlén þone ófen swiðe ðearle, and hét gebindan ða cnihtas handum and fotum, and awurpan into ðam byrnendum ófne.

He was filled with anger, and commanded the oven to be heated very intensely, and commanded the youths to be bound hands and feet, and cast into the burning oven.

Hēr forþfērde Ēadward cyning, and Hereweald eorl fēng tō þām rīċe and hēold hit fēowertiġ wucena and ǣnne dæġ, and hēr cōm Willelm and ġewann Engla land, and hēr on þissum ġēare barn Cristes ċiriċe, and hēr ætīewde comēta þȳ nigontēoðan dæġe ēastermōnaþes.
This year, King Edward died • Harold Godwinson took the throne and held it for 281 days • William the Conqueror came and conquered England • Canterbury Cathedral burned down • a comet appeared on April 19th.

Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, Manuscript A, year 1066


candel

candel (nominative singular)
candela (nominative plural)
candele (nominative plural)
candele (accusative singular)
candela (accusative plural)
candele (accusative plural)
candele (genitive singular)
candela (genitive plural)
candele (dative singular)
candelum (dative plural)

Middle English: candel, condel, kandyl, kandel, candyll, candell
English: candle (see there for further descendants)
Scots: candil, candel, candle
Yola: condale, candale, condel


byrgan

byrġan (canonical)
byrġan (infinitive)
byrġenne (infinitive)
byrġe (first-person present singular)
byrġde (first-person past singular)
byrġest (present second-person singular)
byrġst (present second-person singular)
byrġdest (past second-person singular)
byrġeþ (present singular third-person)
byrġþ (present singular third-person)
byrġde (past singular third-person)
byrġaþ (plural present)
byrġdon (past plural)
byrġe (present singular)
byrġde (past singular)
byrġen (plural present)
byrġden (past plural)
byrġ (imperative past present singular)
byrġaþ (imperative past plural present)
byrġende (imperative present)
byrġed (imperative past)
ġebyrġed (imperative past)

Middle English: berien, burien

English: bury

From Proto-West Germanic *burgijan, from Proto-Germanic *burgijaną.


drenc

drenċ (canonical masculine)
drenċ (nominative singular)
drenċas (nominative plural)
drenċ (accusative singular)
drenċas (accusative plural)
drenċes (genitive singular)
drenċa (genitive plural)
drenċe (dative singular)
drenċum (dative plural)

Middle English: drænc, drenke, drench

English: drench

Scots: drenk

From Proto-West Germanic *dranki, from Proto-Germanic *drankiz.


ciern

ċiern (canonical masculine neuter)
ċiern (nominative singular)
ċiern (nominative plural)
ċiernas (nominative plural)
ċiern (accusative singular)
ċiern (accusative plural)
ċiernas (accusative plural)
ċiernes (genitive singular)
ċierna (genitive plural)
ċierne (dative singular)
ċiernum (dative plural)


butere

butere (nominative singular)
buteran (nominative plural)
buteran (accusative singular)
buteran (accusative plural)
buteran (genitive singular)
buterena (genitive plural)
buteran (dative singular)
buterum (dative plural)

Middle English: buter, buttyr, butter, botyr, buttir, butre, buttur, buttur, boter, buttre, butera, butere
English: butter (see there for further descendants)
Scots: butter, buter
Yola: buthther, buththere


deofol

dēofol (canonical neuter)
dēofol (nominative singular)
dēoflu (nominative plural)
dēofol (accusative singular)
dēoflu (accusative plural)
dēofles (genitive singular)
dēofla (genitive plural)
dēofle (dative singular)
dēoflum (dative plural)

Middle English: devel, deovel, deevel, devil, dyvel, devul, devyl, devell, devyll, deul, dewel, deyle, devull, dele
English: devil (see there for further descendants)
Scots: deil, deel, deevil
Yola: deevil, deel (syncopated)


fefor

fefor (nominative singular)
feforas (nominative plural)
fefor (accusative singular)
feforas (accusative plural)
fefores (genitive singular)
fefora (genitive plural)
fefore (dative singular)
feforum (dative plural)

q

with Old French <i class="Latn mention" lang="fro">fievre</i>

Middle English: fever, fefer, feofer, fovre, fevre, fiever, fiver (with Old French fievre)

English: fever

Scots: fiver


elnboga

elnboga (nominative singular)
elnbogan (nominative plural)
elnbogan (accusative singular)
elnbogan (accusative plural)
elnbogan (genitive singular)
elnbogena (genitive plural)
elnbogan (dative singular)
elnbogum (dative plural)

desc

Middle English: *elboghe, *elboȝe, elbowe

English: elbow

Scots: elbuck (earlier elbok)

Yola: helbough, helboge

From Proto-Germanic *alinabugô, corresponding to eln + boga. Cognate with Middle Dutch elleboghe (Dutch elleboog), Old High German elinbogo (German Ellenbogen), Old Norse ǫllnbogi.


dic

dīc (canonical)
dīċ (canonical feminine masculine)

Middle English: dich, dych, dike, dyke

English: ditch, dyke

Scots: dyke

From Proto-West Germanic *dīk, from Proto-Germanic *dīkaz (compare Old Norse díki), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeygʷ-.


flowan

flōwan (canonical)
flōwan (infinitive)
flōwenne (infinitive)
flōwe (first-person present singular)
flēow (first-person past singular)
flēwst (present second-person singular)
flēowe (past second-person singular)
flēwþ (present singular third-person)
flēow (past singular third-person)
flōwaþ (plural present)
flēowon (past plural)
flōwe (present singular)
flēowe (past singular)
flōwen (plural present)
flēowen (past plural)
flōw (imperative past present singular)
flōwaþ (imperative past plural present)
flōwende (imperative present)
flōwen (imperative past)
ġeflōwen (imperative past)

desctree

Middle English: flowen, floȝen, flouen, flowe, flue, flwy, flowenn (Ormulum)
English: flow
Scots: flow

From Proto-West Germanic *flōan, from Proto-Germanic *flōaną, from Proto-Indo-European *plew-.


diacon

Middle English: deken

English: deacon

→ Old Norse: djákni, djákn
Icelandic: djákni
Old Swedish: diäkn, diäkne, däkn
Swedish: djäkne

From Latin diāconus, from Ancient Greek διᾱ́κονος (diā́konos, “servant”).


fiscian

fiscian (infinitive)
fiscienne (infinitive)
fisciġe (first-person present singular)
fiscode (first-person past singular)
fiscast (present second-person singular)
fiscodest (past second-person singular)
fiscaþ (present singular third-person)
fiscode (past singular third-person)
fisciaþ (plural present)
fiscodon (past plural)
fisciġe (present singular)
fiscode (past singular)
fisciġen (plural present)
fiscoden (past plural)
fisca (imperative past present singular)
fisciaþ (imperative past plural present)
fisciende (imperative present)
fiscod (imperative past)
ġefiscod (imperative past)

From Proto-Germanic *fiskōną. Equivalent to fisċ + -ian.

Mīn brōðor gǣþ oft ūt tō sǣ tō fiscienne.

My brother often goes out to the sea to fish.


græf

græf (nominative singular)
grafu (nominative plural)
græf (accusative singular)
grafu (accusative plural)
græfes (genitive singular)
grafa (genitive plural)
græfe (dative singular)
grafum (dative plural)

Middle English: grave, grafe

English: grave

From Proto-West Germanic *grab, from Proto-Germanic *grabą, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrābʰ- (“to dig, scratch, scrape”). Cognate with Old Frisian gref, Old Saxon graf, Old Dutch graf, Old High German grab, Old Norse grǫf, Gothic 𐌲𐍂𐌰𐌱𐌰 (graba).


cofa

cofa (nominative singular)
cofan (nominative plural)
cofan (accusative singular)
cofan (accusative plural)
cofan (genitive singular)
cofena (genitive plural)
cofan (dative singular)
cofum (dative plural)

Middle English: cove

English: cove

Scots: cove, coif

From Proto-West Germanic *kobō, from Proto-Germanic *kubô.


fæger

ang-adj

fæġer (comparative fæġerra, superlative fæġerost)

fæġer (canonical)
fæġerra (comparative)
fæġerost (superlative)
fæġer (masculine nominative singular)
fæġer (feminine nominative singular)
fæġer (neuter nominative singular)
fæġerne (accusative masculine singular)
fæġere (accusative feminine singular)
fæġer (accusative neuter singular)
fæġeres (genitive masculine singular)
fæġerre (feminine genitive singular)
fæġeres (genitive neuter singular)
fæġerum (dative masculine singular)
fæġerre (dative feminine singular)
fæġerum (dative neuter singular)
fæġere (instrumental masculine singular)
fæġerre (feminine instrumental singular)
fæġere (instrumental neuter singular)
fæġere (masculine nominative plural)
fæġera (feminine nominative plural)
fæġere (feminine nominative plural)
fæġer (neuter nominative plural)
fæġere (accusative masculine plural)
fæġera (accusative feminine plural)
fæġere (accusative feminine plural)
fæġer (accusative neuter plural)
fæġerra (genitive masculine plural)
fæġerra (feminine genitive plural)
fæġerra (genitive neuter plural)
fæġerum (dative masculine plural)
fæġerum (dative feminine plural)
fæġerum (dative neuter plural)
fæġerum (instrumental masculine plural)
fæġerum (feminine instrumental plural)
fæġerum (instrumental neuter plural)
fæġera (masculine nominative singular)
fæġere (feminine nominative singular)
fæġere (neuter nominative singular)
fæġeran (accusative masculine singular)
fæġeran (accusative feminine singular)
fæġere (accusative neuter singular)
fæġeran (genitive masculine singular)
fæġeran (feminine genitive singular)
fæġeran (genitive neuter singular)
fæġeran (dative masculine singular)
fæġeran (dative feminine singular)
fæġeran (dative neuter singular)
fæġeran (instrumental masculine singular)
fæġeran (feminine instrumental singular)
fæġeran (instrumental neuter singular)
fæġeran (masculine nominative plural)
fæġeran (feminine nominative plural)
fæġeran (neuter nominative plural)
fæġeran (accusative masculine plural)
fæġeran (accusative feminine plural)
fæġeran (accusative neuter plural)
fæġerra (genitive masculine plural)
fæġerena (genitive masculine plural)
fæġerra (feminine genitive plural)
fæġerena (feminine genitive plural)
fæġerra (genitive neuter plural)
fæġerena (genitive neuter plural)
fæġerum (dative masculine plural)
fæġerum (dative feminine plural)
fæġerum (dative neuter plural)
fæġerum (instrumental masculine plural)
fæġerum (feminine instrumental plural)
fæġerum (instrumental neuter plural)

desctree

Middle English: fayr, fager, fæȝer, feir, fayer
English: fair
Scots: fair, fare, fayr

Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *fagr, from Proto-Germanic *fagraz.
Cognate with Old Saxon fagar, Old High German fagar, Old Norse fagr, Gothic 𐍆𐌰𐌲𐍂𐍃 (fagrs).


hearpe

hearpe (nominative singular)
hearpan (nominative plural)
hearpan (accusative singular)
hearpan (accusative plural)
hearpan (genitive singular)
hearpena (genitive plural)
hearpan (dative singular)
hearpum (dative plural)

Middle English: harpe

English: harp

Scots: harpe, herp, hairp


þusend

desc

Middle English: thusand, thousand, thousend

desctree

English: thousand
→ Hawaiian: kaukani, tausani

Scots: thousand, thoosan, thoosand


endleofan

Middle English: elleven, eleven, elleovene, ellevene, ellevyn, endleve, enleve, enleven
English: eleven
Middle Scots: ane-levin, alevin, ellevin, elevin, levin
Scots: eleiven, eleeven

From Proto-Germanic *ainalif, a compound of *ainaz and *-lif. Cognate with Old Frisian andlova, Old Saxon ellevan, Old High German einlif, Old Norse ellifu.


glæd

ang-adj

glæd (comparative glædra, superlative gladost)

glædra (comparative)
gladost (superlative)
glæd (masculine nominative singular)
gladu (feminine nominative singular)
glado (feminine nominative singular)
glæd (neuter nominative singular)
glædne (accusative masculine singular)
glade (accusative feminine singular)
glæd (accusative neuter singular)
glades (genitive masculine singular)
glædre (feminine genitive singular)
glades (genitive neuter singular)
gladum (dative masculine singular)
glædre (dative feminine singular)
gladum (dative neuter singular)
glade (instrumental masculine singular)
glædre (feminine instrumental singular)
glade (instrumental neuter singular)
glade (masculine nominative plural)
glada (feminine nominative plural)
glade (feminine nominative plural)
gladu (neuter nominative plural)
glado (neuter nominative plural)
glade (accusative masculine plural)
glada (accusative feminine plural)
glade (accusative feminine plural)
gladu (accusative neuter plural)
glado (accusative neuter plural)
glædra (genitive masculine plural)
glædra (feminine genitive plural)
glædra (genitive neuter plural)
gladum (dative masculine plural)
gladum (dative feminine plural)
gladum (dative neuter plural)
gladum (instrumental masculine plural)
gladum (feminine instrumental plural)
gladum (instrumental neuter plural)
glada (masculine nominative singular)
glade (feminine nominative singular)
glade (neuter nominative singular)
gladan (accusative masculine singular)
gladan (accusative feminine singular)
glade (accusative neuter singular)
gladan (genitive masculine singular)
gladan (feminine genitive singular)
gladan (genitive neuter singular)
gladan (dative masculine singular)
gladan (dative feminine singular)
gladan (dative neuter singular)
gladan (instrumental masculine singular)
gladan (feminine instrumental singular)
gladan (instrumental neuter singular)
gladan (masculine nominative plural)
gladan (feminine nominative plural)
gladan (neuter nominative plural)
gladan (accusative masculine plural)
gladan (accusative feminine plural)
gladan (accusative neuter plural)
glædra (genitive masculine plural)
gladena (genitive masculine plural)
glædra (feminine genitive plural)
gladena (feminine genitive plural)
glædra (genitive neuter plural)
gladena (genitive neuter plural)
gladum (dative masculine plural)
gladum (dative feminine plural)
gladum (dative neuter plural)
gladum (instrumental masculine plural)
gladum (feminine instrumental plural)
gladum (instrumental neuter plural)

desctree

Middle English: glad, glade, gladde, glaid, gled
English: glad
Scots: gled, glaid
Yola: glaude

⇒ Middle English: glade, glode, glede
English: glade
Yola: gladès

From Proto-Germanic *gladaz (“smooth”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰladh-, from Proto-Indo-European *g̑ʰel- (“to shine”). Cognate with Old Saxon glad (“glad, happy”), Old High German glat (“smooth”) (German glatt (“smooth”)), Old Norse glaðr (“smooth; happy”) (Swedish glad).

der

…Hwīlum iċ onhyrġe þone haswan earn, gūðfugles hlēoþor; hwīlum glidan reorde mūþe ġemǣne, hwīlum mǣwes song, þǣr iċ glado sitte.

…Sometimes I imitate the grey eagle, a speech of war-bird; sometimes a kite's voice with common mouth, sometimes a gull's song when I sit gladful.


bonda

bonda (nominative singular)
bondan (nominative plural)
bondan (accusative singular)
bondan (accusative plural)
bondan (genitive singular)
bondena (genitive plural)
bondan (dative singular)
bondum (dative plural)

Middle English: bonde

English: bond

⇒ Medieval Latin: bondagium

→ Middle English: bondage

English: bondage

Scots: bondage

From Old Norse bóndi (“farmer; husband”, literally “dweller”).


twentig

desctree

Middle English: twenty
English: twenty
Tok Pisin: twenti
Scots: twinty, twenty, tuenty
Yola: dwanty

From Proto-Germanic *twaintigaz, *twai tigiwiz. Cognate with Old Frisian and Old Saxon twentig, Old High German zweinzug, Old Norse tuttugu.

Tō twām and twēntiġum dō endleofan; þonne beoþ þǣr þrēo and þrītiġ.


twelf

Middle English: twelve, twelfe, twelf, twælf, tuelf
English: twelve
Scots: twal, twol (obsolete twelf, twalf, tuelf)

From Proto-Germanic *twalif, a compound of *twa- (compare two) and *-lif.


þridda

From Proto-Germanic *þridjô, related to the cardinal numeral þrī.


seofoþa

From Proto-West Germanic *sebunþō, alternative form of *sebundō, from Proto-Germanic *sebundô.


eahtoþa

eahtoþa (masculine nominative singular)
eahtoþe (feminine nominative singular)
eahtoþe (neuter nominative singular)
eahtoþan (accusative masculine singular)
eahtoþan (accusative feminine singular)
eahtoþe (accusative neuter singular)
eahtoþan (genitive masculine singular)
eahtoþan (feminine genitive singular)
eahtoþan (genitive neuter singular)
eahtoþan (dative masculine singular)
eahtoþan (dative feminine singular)
eahtoþan (dative neuter singular)
eahtoþan (instrumental masculine singular)
eahtoþan (feminine instrumental singular)
eahtoþan (instrumental neuter singular)
eahtoþan (masculine nominative plural)
eahtoþan (feminine nominative plural)
eahtoþan (neuter nominative plural)
eahtoþan (accusative masculine plural)
eahtoþan (accusative feminine plural)
eahtoþan (accusative neuter plural)
eahtoþra (genitive masculine plural)
eahtoþena (genitive masculine plural)
eahtoþra (feminine genitive plural)
eahtoþena (feminine genitive plural)
eahtoþra (genitive neuter plural)
eahtoþena (genitive neuter plural)
eahtoþum (dative masculine plural)
eahtoþum (dative feminine plural)
eahtoþum (dative neuter plural)
eahtoþum (instrumental masculine plural)
eahtoþum (feminine instrumental plural)
eahtoþum (instrumental neuter plural)

Middle English: eiȝtthe, eahtuðe, ehtuðe, egteðe, eyghte, aght, eiȝteþe, eyteth, eghte, aiȝtede, eighthe, eghþe, eytþe, eȝte, eytiþ, eiȝtþe
English: eighth
Scots: echt

late 10th century, Ælfric, Lives of Saints
Þā on þām eahteoþan ġēare siþþan hēo abbudisse wæs, hēo wæs ġeuntrumod swā swā hēo ǣr witeġode, swā þæt ān ġeswel wēox on hire swūran myċel under ċynnbane...

Then on the eighth year since she became abbotess, she was sickened as she had previously predicted, as a large tumor grew on her neck under the chinbone....


teoþa

From Proto-West Germanic *tehunþō, alternative form of *tehundō, from Proto-Germanic *tehundô.


nigoþa

From Proto-West Germanic *nigunþō, alternative form of *nigundō, *neundō, from Proto-Germanic *newundô.

Hāliġmōnaþ is sē nigoþa mōnaþ on ġēare.

September is the ninth month of the year.


þri

þrī (canonical)
þrī (masculine nominative plural)
þrēo (feminine nominative plural)
þrēo (neuter nominative plural)
þrī (accusative masculine plural)
þrēo (accusative feminine plural)
þrēo (accusative neuter plural)
þrēora (genitive masculine plural)
þrēora (feminine genitive plural)
þrēora (genitive neuter plural)
þrim (dative masculine plural)
þrim (dative feminine plural)
þrim (dative neuter plural)
þrim (instrumental masculine plural)
þrim (feminine instrumental plural)
þrim (instrumental neuter plural)

Middle English: thre, threo, thri, thrie, þre, þreo
English: three
Scots: three, threi, shrei, hrei
Yola: dhree, dhrie, dree

From Proto-Germanic *þrīz, from Proto-Indo-European *tréyes.
Cognate with Old High German drī, French trois, Ancient Greek τρεῖς (treîs), Russian три (tri).


geolu

ġeolu (canonical)
ġeolu (masculine nominative singular)
ġeolo (masculine nominative singular)
ġeolu (feminine nominative singular)
ġeolo (feminine nominative singular)
ġeolu (neuter nominative singular)
ġeolo (neuter nominative singular)
ġeolone (accusative masculine singular)
ġeolwe (accusative feminine singular)
ġeolu (accusative neuter singular)
ġeolo (accusative neuter singular)
ġeolwes (genitive masculine singular)
ġeolore (feminine genitive singular)
ġeolwes (genitive neuter singular)
ġeolwum (dative masculine singular)
ġeolore (dative feminine singular)
ġeolwum (dative neuter singular)
ġeolwe (instrumental masculine singular)
ġeolore (feminine instrumental singular)
ġeolwe (instrumental neuter singular)
ġeolwe (masculine nominative plural)
ġeolwa (feminine nominative plural)
ġeolwe (feminine nominative plural)
ġeolu (neuter nominative plural)
ġeolo (neuter nominative plural)
ġeolwe (accusative masculine plural)
ġeolwa (accusative feminine plural)
ġeolwe (accusative feminine plural)
ġeolu (accusative neuter plural)
ġeolo (accusative neuter plural)
ġeolora (genitive masculine plural)
ġeolora (feminine genitive plural)
ġeolora (genitive neuter plural)
ġeolwum (dative masculine plural)
ġeolwum (dative feminine plural)
ġeolwum (dative neuter plural)
ġeolwum (instrumental masculine plural)
ġeolwum (feminine instrumental plural)
ġeolwum (instrumental neuter plural)
ġeolwa (masculine nominative singular)
ġeolwe (feminine nominative singular)
ġeolwe (neuter nominative singular)
ġeolwan (accusative masculine singular)
ġeolwan (accusative feminine singular)
ġeolwe (accusative neuter singular)
ġeolwan (genitive masculine singular)
ġeolwan (feminine genitive singular)
ġeolwan (genitive neuter singular)
ġeolwan (dative masculine singular)
ġeolwan (dative feminine singular)
ġeolwan (dative neuter singular)
ġeolwan (instrumental masculine singular)
ġeolwan (feminine instrumental singular)
ġeolwan (instrumental neuter singular)
ġeolwan (masculine nominative plural)
ġeolwan (feminine nominative plural)
ġeolwan (neuter nominative plural)
ġeolwan (accusative masculine plural)
ġeolwan (accusative feminine plural)
ġeolwan (accusative neuter plural)
ġeolora (genitive masculine plural)
ġeolwena (genitive masculine plural)
ġeolora (feminine genitive plural)
ġeolwena (feminine genitive plural)
ġeolora (genitive neuter plural)
ġeolwena (genitive neuter plural)
ġeolwum (dative masculine plural)
ġeolwum (dative feminine plural)
ġeolwum (dative neuter plural)
ġeolwum (instrumental masculine plural)
ġeolwum (feminine instrumental plural)
ġeolwum (instrumental neuter plural)

Middle English: ȝelwe, ȝalow, yelow

English: yellow; yeller, yallow, yaller, yullow (dialectal)

Scots: yella, yelly, yallow

From Proto-West Germanic *gelu, from Proto-Germanic *gelwaz, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃- (“shine, glisten”).

der

Him bēoþ þā ēagan ġeolu.


feorþa

From earlier fēowerþa, from the cardinal numeral fēower, from Proto-West Germanic *feurþō. Compare Old Frisian fiārda, Old Saxon fiortho, Old High German fiordo, Old Norse fjórði.


feorþa

fēorþa (canonical)
fēorþa (masculine nominative singular)
fēorþe (feminine nominative singular)
fēorþe (neuter nominative singular)
fēorþan (accusative masculine singular)
fēorþan (accusative feminine singular)
fēorþe (accusative neuter singular)
fēorþan (genitive masculine singular)
fēorþan (feminine genitive singular)
fēorþan (genitive neuter singular)
fēorþan (dative masculine singular)
fēorþan (dative feminine singular)
fēorþan (dative neuter singular)
fēorþan (instrumental masculine singular)
fēorþan (feminine instrumental singular)
fēorþan (instrumental neuter singular)
fēorþan (masculine nominative plural)
fēorþan (feminine nominative plural)
fēorþan (neuter nominative plural)
fēorþan (accusative masculine plural)
fēorþan (accusative feminine plural)
fēorþan (accusative neuter plural)
fēorþra (genitive masculine plural)
fēorþena (genitive masculine plural)
fēorþra (feminine genitive plural)
fēorþena (feminine genitive plural)
fēorþra (genitive neuter plural)
fēorþena (genitive neuter plural)
fēorþum (dative masculine plural)
fēorþum (dative feminine plural)
fēorþum (dative neuter plural)
fēorþum (instrumental masculine plural)
fēorþum (feminine instrumental plural)
fēorþum (instrumental neuter plural)

desctree

Middle English: feorþe, veorðe, feorðe, forðe, ferthe, fourthe, ferþe, fourþe, feurþe, fourte, ferth, fferth, fourth, fourt, verþe, firþe, firthe, fuyrthe, feorþe, veorðe, feorðe, forðe, IIIIᵗʰ
English: fourth
Scots: fourt
Yola: vourthe


græg

grǣġ (canonical)
grǣġ (masculine nominative singular)
grǣġ (feminine nominative singular)
grǣġ (neuter nominative singular)
grǣġne (accusative masculine singular)
grǣġe (accusative feminine singular)
grǣġ (accusative neuter singular)
grǣġes (genitive masculine singular)
grǣġre (feminine genitive singular)
grǣġes (genitive neuter singular)
grǣġum (dative masculine singular)
grǣġre (dative feminine singular)
grǣġum (dative neuter singular)
grǣġe (instrumental masculine singular)
grǣġre (feminine instrumental singular)
grǣġe (instrumental neuter singular)
grǣġe (masculine nominative plural)
grǣġa (feminine nominative plural)
grǣġe (feminine nominative plural)
grǣġ (neuter nominative plural)
grǣġe (accusative masculine plural)
grǣġa (accusative feminine plural)
grǣġe (accusative feminine plural)
grǣġ (accusative neuter plural)
grǣġra (genitive masculine plural)
grǣġra (feminine genitive plural)
grǣġra (genitive neuter plural)
grǣġum (dative masculine plural)
grǣġum (dative feminine plural)
grǣġum (dative neuter plural)
grǣġum (instrumental masculine plural)
grǣġum (feminine instrumental plural)
grǣġum (instrumental neuter plural)
grǣġa (masculine nominative singular)
grǣġe (feminine nominative singular)
grǣġe (neuter nominative singular)
grǣġan (accusative masculine singular)
grǣġan (accusative feminine singular)
grǣġe (accusative neuter singular)
grǣġan (genitive masculine singular)
grǣġan (feminine genitive singular)
grǣġan (genitive neuter singular)
grǣġan (dative masculine singular)
grǣġan (dative feminine singular)
grǣġan (dative neuter singular)
grǣġan (instrumental masculine singular)
grǣġan (feminine instrumental singular)
grǣġan (instrumental neuter singular)
grǣġan (masculine nominative plural)
grǣġan (feminine nominative plural)
grǣġan (neuter nominative plural)
grǣġan (accusative masculine plural)
grǣġan (accusative feminine plural)
grǣġan (accusative neuter plural)
grǣġra (genitive masculine plural)
grǣġena (genitive masculine plural)
grǣġra (feminine genitive plural)
grǣġena (feminine genitive plural)
grǣġra (genitive neuter plural)
grǣġena (genitive neuter plural)
grǣġum (dative masculine plural)
grǣġum (dative feminine plural)
grǣġum (dative neuter plural)
grǣġum (instrumental masculine plural)
grǣġum (feminine instrumental plural)
grǣġum (instrumental neuter plural)

Middle English: grey
English: gray, grey
Scots: gray
Yola: gry

From Proto-West Germanic *grāg, a byform of *grāu, from Proto-Germanic *grēwaz.


hlysnan

hlysnan (infinitive)
hlysnenne (infinitive)
hlysne (first-person present singular)
hlysnde (first-person past singular)
hlysnede (first-person past singular)
hlysnest (present second-person singular)
hlysndest (past second-person singular)
hlysnedest (past second-person singular)
hlysneþ (present singular third-person)
hlysnde (past singular third-person)
hlysnede (past singular third-person)
hlysnaþ (plural present)
hlysndon (past plural)
hlysnedon (past plural)
hlysne (present singular)
hlysnde (past singular)
hlysnede (past singular)
hlysnen (plural present)
hlysnden (past plural)
hlysneden (past plural)
hlysne (imperative past present singular)
hlysnaþ (imperative past plural present)
hlysnende (imperative present)
hlysned (imperative past)
ġehlysned (imperative past)

Middle English: listenen

English: listen

From Proto-Germanic *hlusnijaną, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱlew-. Cognate with Middle High German lüsenen (“to listen”).


lencten

lencten (nominative singular)
lenctenas (nominative plural)
lencten (accusative singular)
lenctenas (accusative plural)
lenctenes (genitive singular)
lenctena (genitive plural)
lenctene (dative singular)
lenctenum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: lenten, leinten, lentren, lente, leinte
English: Lent, Lenten
Scots: Lentrin, Lentern


hreow

hrēow (canonical feminine)
hrēow (nominative singular)
hrēowa (nominative plural)
hrēowe (nominative plural)
hrēowe (accusative singular)
hrēowa (accusative plural)
hrēowe (accusative plural)
hrēowe (genitive singular)
hrēowa (genitive plural)
hrēowe (dative singular)
hrēowum (dative plural)

Middle English: rewe
English: rue (archaic)
Scots: rew, rue


mægden

mæġden (canonical neuter)
mæġden (nominative singular)
mæġdenu (nominative plural)
mæġden (accusative singular)
mæġdenu (accusative plural)
mæġdenes (genitive singular)
mæġdena (genitive plural)
mæġdene (dative singular)
mæġdenum (dative plural)

Middle English: mayden, maiden, maidene, medene, maden, madane, mædene, mæidene, maȝden, meidene (Early Middle English)
English: maiden
Scots: maidin
Yola: mydhen

→ Middle Irish: maigden (see there for further descendants)


oþer

From Proto-West Germanic *anþar, from Proto-Germanic *anþeraz. Cognate with Old High German andar, Old Norse annarr.


myrgþ

myrgþ (nominative singular)
myrgþa (nominative plural)
myrgþe (nominative plural)
myrgþe (accusative singular)
myrgþa (accusative plural)
myrgþe (accusative plural)
myrgþe (genitive singular)
myrgþa (genitive plural)
myrgþe (dative singular)
myrgþum (dative plural)

Middle English: myrthe, merth, merthe, merþe, mirthe, mirth, murhthe, murþe, myrth, myrþe, merhð, mirhð, mureȝþ, murehþ, murcð, murȝþ, murhd, murhð, muruhð (Early Middle English)
English: mirth
Scots: mirth

Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *murgiþu (“briefness, brevity”); equivalent to myriġe (“merry”) + -þ (“-th, -ness”)


munuc

munucas (nominative plural)
munuc (nominative singular)
munucas (nominative plural)
munuc (accusative singular)
munucas (accusative plural)
munuces (genitive singular)
munuca (genitive plural)
munuce (dative singular)
munucum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: monk, monke
English: monk
Scots: monk, munk, mounk

→ Old Norse: munkr

Danish: munk

Icelandic: munkur

Faroese: munkur

Norwegian: munk

Old Swedish: munker, munk

Swedish: munk
→ Finnish: munkki

→ Estonian: munk

→ Latvian: mūks

→ Võro: muuk

late 10th century, Ælfric, "Saint Maur, Abbot"
Þā ġecwæþð sē abbod and ealle þā ġebrōðra þæt þēr ne mihte nā mā muneca wunian...

Then said the abbot and all the brothers, that no more monks could dwell there...


læce

lǣċe (canonical masculine)
lǣċe (nominative singular)
lǣċas (nominative plural)
lǣċe (accusative singular)
lǣċas (accusative plural)
lǣċes (genitive singular)
lǣċa (genitive plural)
lǣċe (dative singular)
lǣċum (dative plural)

Middle English: leche

English: leech

Probably assimilated to Etymology 1 above, by popular etymology, though its use probably predated the term for a doctor.
Of uncertain ultimate origin, but possibly from a Germanic base meaning "to pluck, tear" (compare Old High German liochan (“to tear”)), evolving into "suck," ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *lewǵ- (“to break, tear”), see also Ancient Greek λευγαλέος (leugaléos), λυγρός (lugrós), Sanskrit रुजति (rujati, “to break open, shatter, injure, cause pain”), Latvian lauzt (“to break, fracture”).
Cognate with Middle Dutch lake, leke (modern Dutch laak).


grene

grēne (canonical)
grēne (masculine nominative singular)
grēnu (feminine nominative singular)
grēno (feminine nominative singular)
grēne (neuter nominative singular)
grēnne (accusative masculine singular)
grēne (accusative feminine singular)
grēne (accusative neuter singular)
grēnes (genitive masculine singular)
grēnre (feminine genitive singular)
grēnes (genitive neuter singular)
grēnum (dative masculine singular)
grēnre (dative feminine singular)
grēnum (dative neuter singular)
grēne (instrumental masculine singular)
grēnre (feminine instrumental singular)
grēne (instrumental neuter singular)
grēne (masculine nominative plural)
grēna (feminine nominative plural)
grēne (feminine nominative plural)
grēnu (neuter nominative plural)
grēno (neuter nominative plural)
grēne (accusative masculine plural)
grēna (accusative feminine plural)
grēne (accusative feminine plural)
grēnu (accusative neuter plural)
grēno (accusative neuter plural)
grēnra (genitive masculine plural)
grēnra (feminine genitive plural)
grēnra (genitive neuter plural)
grēnum (dative masculine plural)
grēnum (dative feminine plural)
grēnum (dative neuter plural)
grēnum (instrumental masculine plural)
grēnum (feminine instrumental plural)
grēnum (instrumental neuter plural)
grēna (masculine nominative singular)
grēne (feminine nominative singular)
grēne (neuter nominative singular)
grēnan (accusative masculine singular)
grēnan (accusative feminine singular)
grēne (accusative neuter singular)
grēnan (genitive masculine singular)
grēnan (feminine genitive singular)
grēnan (genitive neuter singular)
grēnan (dative masculine singular)
grēnan (dative feminine singular)
grēnan (dative neuter singular)
grēnan (instrumental masculine singular)
grēnan (feminine instrumental singular)
grēnan (instrumental neuter singular)
grēnan (masculine nominative plural)
grēnan (feminine nominative plural)
grēnan (neuter nominative plural)
grēnan (accusative masculine plural)
grēnan (accusative feminine plural)
grēnan (accusative neuter plural)
grēnra (genitive masculine plural)
grēnena (genitive masculine plural)
grēnra (feminine genitive plural)
grēnena (feminine genitive plural)
grēnra (genitive neuter plural)
grēnena (genitive neuter plural)
grēnum (dative masculine plural)
grēnum (dative feminine plural)
grēnum (dative neuter plural)
grēnum (instrumental masculine plural)
grēnum (feminine instrumental plural)
grēnum (instrumental neuter plural)

desctree

Middle English: grene, greene
English: green (see there for further descendants)
Scots: green
Yola: green

From Proto-West Germanic *grōnī, from Proto-Germanic *grōniz. Cognate with Old Frisian grēne, Old Saxon grōni, Old High German gruoni, Old Norse grœnn.


hyd

hȳd (canonical feminine)
hȳd (nominative singular)
hȳde (nominative plural)
hȳda (nominative plural)
hȳd (accusative singular)
hȳde (accusative singular)
hȳde (accusative plural)
hȳda (accusative plural)
hȳde (genitive singular)
hȳda (genitive plural)
hȳde (dative singular)
hȳdum (dative plural)

Middle English: hyde, hyd, hide, hid, hude, huyde, huide (Southern, Southwestern)
English: hide
Scots: hide, hyde

From Proto-West Germanic *hūdi, from Proto-Germanic *hūdiz.
Cognate with Old Frisian hūd, Old Saxon hūt, Old High German hūt, Old Norse húð; and with Latin cutis, Ancient Greek κύτος (kútos).


preost

prēost (canonical masculine)
prēost (nominative singular)
prēostas (nominative plural)
prēost (accusative singular)
prēostas (accusative plural)
prēostes (genitive singular)
prēosta (genitive plural)
prēoste (dative singular)
prēostum (dative plural)

Middle English: prest, preest

English: priest

Scots: preest, priest

Old Norse: prestr

Danish: præst

→ Greenlandic: palasi

Faroese: prestur

Icelandic: prestur

Norwegian Bokmål: prest

Norwegian Nynorsk: prest

Swedish: präst

From Late Latin presbyter, from Ancient Greek πρεσβύτερος (presbúteros), from πρέσβυς (présbus, “elder, older”).


norþ

norþ (masculine nominative singular)
norþ (feminine nominative singular)
norþ (neuter nominative singular)
norþne (accusative masculine singular)
norþe (accusative feminine singular)
norþ (accusative neuter singular)
norþes (genitive masculine singular)
norþre (feminine genitive singular)
norþes (genitive neuter singular)
norþum (dative masculine singular)
norþre (dative feminine singular)
norþum (dative neuter singular)
norþe (instrumental masculine singular)
norþre (feminine instrumental singular)
norþe (instrumental neuter singular)
norþe (masculine nominative plural)
norþa (feminine nominative plural)
norþe (feminine nominative plural)
norþ (neuter nominative plural)
norþe (accusative masculine plural)
norþa (accusative feminine plural)
norþe (accusative feminine plural)
norþ (accusative neuter plural)
norþra (genitive masculine plural)
norþra (feminine genitive plural)
norþra (genitive neuter plural)
norþum (dative masculine plural)
norþum (dative feminine plural)
norþum (dative neuter plural)
norþum (instrumental masculine plural)
norþum (feminine instrumental plural)
norþum (instrumental neuter plural)
norþa (masculine nominative singular)
norþe (feminine nominative singular)
norþe (neuter nominative singular)
norþan (accusative masculine singular)
norþan (accusative feminine singular)
norþe (accusative neuter singular)
norþan (genitive masculine singular)
norþan (feminine genitive singular)
norþan (genitive neuter singular)
norþan (dative masculine singular)
norþan (dative feminine singular)
norþan (dative neuter singular)
norþan (instrumental masculine singular)
norþan (feminine instrumental singular)
norþan (instrumental neuter singular)
norþan (masculine nominative plural)
norþan (feminine nominative plural)
norþan (neuter nominative plural)
norþan (accusative masculine plural)
norþan (accusative feminine plural)
norþan (accusative neuter plural)
norþra (genitive masculine plural)
norþena (genitive masculine plural)
norþra (feminine genitive plural)
norþena (feminine genitive plural)
norþra (genitive neuter plural)
norþena (genitive neuter plural)
norþum (dative masculine plural)
norþum (dative feminine plural)
norþum (dative neuter plural)
norþum (instrumental masculine plural)
norþum (feminine instrumental plural)
norþum (instrumental neuter plural)

Middle English: north, norþ, northe, norþe, norrþ
English: north
Scots: north
Yola: nordh, noardth

→ Old French: nort (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-West Germanic *norþr (compare Old High German nord, Old Norse norðr).


reord

reord (nominative singular)
reorda (nominative plural)
reorde (nominative plural)
reorde (accusative singular)
reorda (accusative plural)
reorde (accusative plural)
reorde (genitive singular)
reorda (genitive plural)
reorde (dative singular)
reordum (dative plural)

Middle English: rerd, rerde, reryd, rearde, rewerd, rurde, rorde, reorde, ruerde
English: reard
Scots: reird, rerde, rerd

Of uncertain origin. Other Germanic cognates suggest descent from Proto-West Germanic *raʀdu (“voice, language, speech, sound”), from Proto-Germanic *razdō. However, the required sound changes to develop the present spelling indicate a reflex of Proto-Germanic *razdī. Attested neuter forms also suggest Proto-Germanic *razdia.
Cognate with Gothic 𐍂𐌰𐌶𐌳𐌰 (razda) and Old Norse rǫdd.


scinu

sċinu (canonical feminine)
sċinu (nominative singular)
sċina (nominative plural)
sċine (nominative plural)
sċine (accusative singular)
sċina (accusative plural)
sċine (accusative plural)
sċine (genitive singular)
sċina (genitive plural)
sċine (dative singular)
sċinum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: schyne, schen, schin, schine, schyn, schynne, scine, shine, shyn, shzine
English: shin
Scots: shin, schin

From Proto-West Germanic *skinu, from Proto-Germanic *skinō. Cognate with Old Saxon skina, Middle Dutch schene (Dutch scheen), Old High German scina (German Schiene (“rail, rack, skid, frame”)).


niht

niht (nominative singular)
niht (nominative plural)
niht (accusative singular)
niht (accusative plural)
niht (genitive singular)
nihtes (genitive singular)
nihta (genitive plural)
niht (dative singular)
nihte (dative singular)
nihtum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: nyght, naht, night, nighte, niȝt, niht, nyghte, nyȝt, nyȝte, nyhte
English: night
Geordie English: neet
Scots: nicht, neicht
Yola: neeght, nieght, nyeght

From Proto-West Germanic *nahti, inflected form of *naht, from Proto-Germanic *nahts, from Proto-Indo-European *nókʷts (the alternative forms næht, neaht directly continue Proto-West Germanic *naht).
Cognate with Old Frisian nacht, Old Saxon naht, Old High German naht, Old Norse nátt, Gothic 𐌽𐌰𐌷𐍄𐍃 (nahts); also with Ancient Greek νύξ (núx), Latin nox, Russian ночь (nočʹ).

for tīen nihtum


sweart

ang-adj

sweart (superlative sweartest or sweartost)

sweartest (superlative)
sweartost (superlative)
sweart (masculine nominative singular)
sweart (feminine nominative singular)
sweart (neuter nominative singular)
sweartne (accusative masculine singular)
swearte (accusative feminine singular)
sweart (accusative neuter singular)
sweartes (genitive masculine singular)
sweartre (feminine genitive singular)
sweartes (genitive neuter singular)
sweartum (dative masculine singular)
sweartre (dative feminine singular)
sweartum (dative neuter singular)
swearte (instrumental masculine singular)
sweartre (feminine instrumental singular)
swearte (instrumental neuter singular)
swearte (masculine nominative plural)
swearta (feminine nominative plural)
swearte (feminine nominative plural)
sweart (neuter nominative plural)
swearte (accusative masculine plural)
swearta (accusative feminine plural)
swearte (accusative feminine plural)
sweart (accusative neuter plural)
sweartra (genitive masculine plural)
sweartra (feminine genitive plural)
sweartra (genitive neuter plural)
sweartum (dative masculine plural)
sweartum (dative feminine plural)
sweartum (dative neuter plural)
sweartum (instrumental masculine plural)
sweartum (feminine instrumental plural)
sweartum (instrumental neuter plural)
swearta (masculine nominative singular)
swearte (feminine nominative singular)
swearte (neuter nominative singular)
sweartan (accusative masculine singular)
sweartan (accusative feminine singular)
swearte (accusative neuter singular)
sweartan (genitive masculine singular)
sweartan (feminine genitive singular)
sweartan (genitive neuter singular)
sweartan (dative masculine singular)
sweartan (dative feminine singular)
sweartan (dative neuter singular)
sweartan (instrumental masculine singular)
sweartan (feminine instrumental singular)
sweartan (instrumental neuter singular)
sweartan (masculine nominative plural)
sweartan (feminine nominative plural)
sweartan (neuter nominative plural)
sweartan (accusative masculine plural)
sweartan (accusative feminine plural)
sweartan (accusative neuter plural)
sweartra (genitive masculine plural)
sweartena (genitive masculine plural)
sweartra (feminine genitive plural)
sweartena (feminine genitive plural)
sweartra (genitive neuter plural)
sweartena (genitive neuter plural)
sweartum (dative masculine plural)
sweartum (dative feminine plural)
sweartum (dative neuter plural)
sweartum (instrumental masculine plural)
sweartum (feminine instrumental plural)
sweartum (instrumental neuter plural)

desctree

Middle English: swart
English: swart, swarth
Scots: swart

From Proto-West Germanic *swart, from Proto-Germanic *swartaz (“black”), from Proto-Indo-European *swordos (“dirty, dark, black”).
Cognate with Old Frisian swart, Old Saxon swart, Old Dutch swart, Old High German swarz, Old Norse svartr.

der

Caedmon's metrical paraphrase
...And ǣrest āmet ufan tō grunde and hū sīd sē swarta ēðm sēo.

...and first measure from above to its ground, how wide the black vapour is.


sceafa

Scēafa (canonical masculine)
Scēafa (nominative singular)
Scēafan (nominative plural)
Scēafan (accusative singular)
Scēafan (accusative plural)
Scēafan (genitive singular)
Scēafena (genitive plural)
Scēafan (dative singular)
Scēafum (dative plural)


sixtig

desctree

Middle English: sixty, cexty, sexti, sexty, sixti, syxty, zixti, sextiȝ, sixtiȝ
English: sixty
Scots: sexty, saxty


þritig

Middle English: thritty, thirtie, thriti, thritte, thrittie, þritiȝ
English: thirty
Yola: dhirtee


hætt

hætt (nominative singular)
hættas (nominative plural)
hætt (accusative singular)
hættas (accusative plural)
hættes (genitive singular)
hætta (genitive plural)
hætte (dative singular)
hættum (dative plural)

Middle English: hat

English: hat

Scots: hat

→ Irish: hata

→ Welsh: het

From Proto-West Germanic *hattu, from Proto-Germanic *hattuz, whence also Old Norse hattr.

late 9th century, Old English adaptation of Orosius’ History Against the Pagans
Rōmāne hæfdon þā nīewlīċe ġesett þæt þā þe hætt beran mōston, þonne hīe hwelċ folc oferwunnen hæfdon, þæt þā mōston ǣġðer habban ġe feorh ġe frēodōm.

The Romans had recently passed a law that whenever they conquered a people, anyone who was allowed to wear a hat could keep both their life and their freedom.


fiftig

Middle English: fifty, fifftiȝ, fifte, fifti, fyffty, fyfty
English: fifty
Scots: fifty, fyfty


sarig

sāriġ (canonical)
sāriġ (masculine nominative singular)
sāriġu (feminine nominative singular)
sārġu (feminine nominative singular)
sāriġo (feminine nominative singular)
sārġo (feminine nominative singular)
sāriġ (neuter nominative singular)
sāriġne (accusative masculine singular)
sāriġe (accusative feminine singular)
sārġe (accusative feminine singular)
sāriġ (accusative neuter singular)
sāriġes (genitive masculine singular)
sārġes (genitive masculine singular)
sāriġre (feminine genitive singular)
sāriġes (genitive neuter singular)
sārġes (genitive neuter singular)
sāriġum (dative masculine singular)
sārġum (dative masculine singular)
sāriġre (dative feminine singular)
sāriġum (dative neuter singular)
sārġum (dative neuter singular)
sāriġe (instrumental masculine singular)
sārġe (instrumental masculine singular)
sāriġre (feminine instrumental singular)
sāriġe (instrumental neuter singular)
sārġe (instrumental neuter singular)
sāriġe (masculine nominative plural)
sārġe (masculine nominative plural)
sāriġa (feminine nominative plural)
sārġa (feminine nominative plural)
sāriġe (feminine nominative plural)
sārġe (feminine nominative plural)
sāriġu (neuter nominative plural)
sārġu (neuter nominative plural)
sāriġo (neuter nominative plural)
sārġo (neuter nominative plural)
sāriġe (accusative masculine plural)
sārġe (accusative masculine plural)
sāriġa (accusative feminine plural)
sārġa (accusative feminine plural)
sāriġe (accusative feminine plural)
sārġe (accusative feminine plural)
sāriġu (accusative neuter plural)
sārġu (accusative neuter plural)
sāriġo (accusative neuter plural)
sārġo (accusative neuter plural)
sāriġra (genitive masculine plural)
sāriġra (feminine genitive plural)
sāriġra (genitive neuter plural)
sāriġum (dative masculine plural)
sārġum (dative masculine plural)
sāriġum (dative feminine plural)
sārġum (dative feminine plural)
sāriġum (dative neuter plural)
sārġum (dative neuter plural)
sāriġum (instrumental masculine plural)
sārġum (instrumental masculine plural)
sāriġum (feminine instrumental plural)
sārġum (feminine instrumental plural)
sāriġum (instrumental neuter plural)
sārġum (instrumental neuter plural)
sāriġa (masculine nominative singular)
sārġa (masculine nominative singular)
sāriġe (feminine nominative singular)
sārġe (feminine nominative singular)
sāriġe (neuter nominative singular)
sārġe (neuter nominative singular)
sāriġan (accusative masculine singular)
sārġan (accusative masculine singular)
sāriġan (accusative feminine singular)
sārġan (accusative feminine singular)
sāriġe (accusative neuter singular)
sārġe (accusative neuter singular)
sāriġan (genitive masculine singular)
sārġan (genitive masculine singular)
sāriġan (feminine genitive singular)
sārġan (feminine genitive singular)
sāriġan (genitive neuter singular)
sārġan (genitive neuter singular)
sāriġan (dative masculine singular)
sārġan (dative masculine singular)
sāriġan (dative feminine singular)
sārġan (dative feminine singular)
sāriġan (dative neuter singular)
sārġan (dative neuter singular)
sāriġan (instrumental masculine singular)
sārġan (instrumental masculine singular)
sāriġan (feminine instrumental singular)
sārġan (feminine instrumental singular)
sāriġan (instrumental neuter singular)
sārġan (instrumental neuter singular)
sāriġan (masculine nominative plural)
sārġan (masculine nominative plural)
sāriġan (feminine nominative plural)
sārġan (feminine nominative plural)
sāriġan (neuter nominative plural)
sārġan (neuter nominative plural)
sāriġan (accusative masculine plural)
sārġan (accusative masculine plural)
sāriġan (accusative feminine plural)
sārġan (accusative feminine plural)
sāriġan (accusative neuter plural)
sārġan (accusative neuter plural)
sāriġra (genitive masculine plural)
sāriġena (genitive masculine plural)
sārġena (genitive masculine plural)
sāriġra (feminine genitive plural)
sāriġena (feminine genitive plural)
sārġena (feminine genitive plural)
sāriġra (genitive neuter plural)
sāriġena (genitive neuter plural)
sārġena (genitive neuter plural)
sāriġum (dative masculine plural)
sārġum (dative masculine plural)
sāriġum (dative feminine plural)
sārġum (dative feminine plural)
sāriġum (dative neuter plural)
sārġum (dative neuter plural)
sāriġum (instrumental masculine plural)
sārġum (instrumental masculine plural)
sāriġum (feminine instrumental plural)
sārġum (feminine instrumental plural)
sāriġum (instrumental neuter plural)
sārġum (instrumental neuter plural)

Middle English: sory, sari, sary, soory, sori, sorry, sariȝ, særi (Early Middle English)
English: sorry (see there for further descendants)
Scots: sairy
Yola: ingsaury


smiþ

smiþ (nominative singular)
smiþas (nominative plural)
smiþ (accusative singular)
smiþas (accusative plural)
smiþes (genitive singular)
smiþa (genitive plural)
smiþe (dative singular)
smiþum (dative plural)

Middle English: smyth

English: smith

Scots: smith, smyth

…ac mec hnossiað homera lāfa, heardecg heoroscearp, hondweorc smiþa bītað in burgum;

…but remains of hammers strike me, harsh edge of sharp sword, handiworks of smiths bite in boroughs;


hwit

ang-adj

hwīt (comparative hwītra, superlative hwīttost)

hwīt (canonical)
hwītra (comparative)
hwīttost (superlative)
hwīt (masculine nominative singular)
hwīt (feminine nominative singular)
hwīt (neuter nominative singular)
hwītne (accusative masculine singular)
hwīte (accusative feminine singular)
hwīt (accusative neuter singular)
hwītes (genitive masculine singular)
hwītre (feminine genitive singular)
hwītes (genitive neuter singular)
hwītum (dative masculine singular)
hwītre (dative feminine singular)
hwītum (dative neuter singular)
hwīte (instrumental masculine singular)
hwītre (feminine instrumental singular)
hwīte (instrumental neuter singular)
hwīte (masculine nominative plural)
hwīta (feminine nominative plural)
hwīte (feminine nominative plural)
hwīt (neuter nominative plural)
hwīte (accusative masculine plural)
hwīta (accusative feminine plural)
hwīte (accusative feminine plural)
hwīt (accusative neuter plural)
hwītra (genitive masculine plural)
hwītra (feminine genitive plural)
hwītra (genitive neuter plural)
hwītum (dative masculine plural)
hwītum (dative feminine plural)
hwītum (dative neuter plural)
hwītum (instrumental masculine plural)
hwītum (feminine instrumental plural)
hwītum (instrumental neuter plural)
hwīta (masculine nominative singular)
hwīte (feminine nominative singular)
hwīte (neuter nominative singular)
hwītan (accusative masculine singular)
hwītan (accusative feminine singular)
hwīte (accusative neuter singular)
hwītan (genitive masculine singular)
hwītan (feminine genitive singular)
hwītan (genitive neuter singular)
hwītan (dative masculine singular)
hwītan (dative feminine singular)
hwītan (dative neuter singular)
hwītan (instrumental masculine singular)
hwītan (feminine instrumental singular)
hwītan (instrumental neuter singular)
hwītan (masculine nominative plural)
hwītan (feminine nominative plural)
hwītan (neuter nominative plural)
hwītan (accusative masculine plural)
hwītan (accusative feminine plural)
hwītan (accusative neuter plural)
hwītra (genitive masculine plural)
hwītena (genitive masculine plural)
hwītra (feminine genitive plural)
hwītena (feminine genitive plural)
hwītra (genitive neuter plural)
hwītena (genitive neuter plural)
hwītum (dative masculine plural)
hwītum (dative feminine plural)
hwītum (dative neuter plural)
hwītum (instrumental masculine plural)
hwītum (feminine instrumental plural)
hwītum (instrumental neuter plural)

desctree

Middle English: whit, hwit, white, whyte, whitt, whytt, whyt, whiȝt, qwyght, ȝwijt, wyghte, whiyt, whijt
English: white (see there for further descendants)
Scots: quhite, fyte, fite, whyte, white
Yola: whit

From Proto-West Germanic *hwīt, from Proto-Germanic *hwītaz.

The Old English rune poem
ᚻ byþ hwītust corna...


sæ

sǣ (canonical feminine)
sǣ (nominative singular)
sǣ (nominative plural)
sǣ (accusative singular)
sǣ (accusative plural)
sǣ (genitive singular)
sǣ (genitive plural)
sǣ (dative singular)
sǣm (dative plural)
sǣwum (dative plural)
sǣ (nominative singular)
sǣs (nominative plural)
sǣ (accusative singular)
sǣs (accusative plural)
sǣs (genitive singular)
sǣ (genitive plural)
sǣ (dative singular)
sǣm (dative plural)
sǣwum (dative plural)

ang-decl-noun

Declension of sæ (strong i-stem)

Declension of sæ (strong i-stem)

desctree

Middle English: see, ce, sæ, se, sea, sei, ze
English: sea
Scots: se, see, sey, seye, sie
Yola: zea, zee

From Proto-West Germanic *saiwi, from Proto-Germanic *saiwiz.

Oft him ānhaga · āre gebīdeð,
Metudes miltse, · þēah þe hē mōdċeariġ
ġeond lagulāde · longe sċeolde
hrēran mid hondum · hrīmċealde sǣ,
wadan wræclāstas. · Wyrd bið ful ārǣd.

A loner oft waits a grace for himself,
Creator's mercy, even if he is sorrowful,
through a sea-way he should for long
stir the frost-cold sea with hands,
travel paths of exile. Fate is well stalwart.


mæst

mæst (nominative singular)
mæstas (nominative plural)
mæst (accusative singular)
mæstas (accusative plural)
mæstes (genitive singular)
mæsta (genitive plural)
mæste (dative singular)
mæstum (dative plural)

Middle English: mast

English: mast

Scots: mast

From Proto-Germanic *mastaz. Cognate with Middle Dutch mast (Dutch mast), Old High German mast (German Mast).


drync

drynċ (canonical masculine)
drynċ (nominative singular)
drynċas (nominative plural)
drynċ (accusative singular)
drynċas (accusative plural)
drynċes (genitive singular)
drynċa (genitive plural)
drynċe (dative singular)
drynċum (dative plural)

desc

Middle English: drinche, drink, drinke, drunch

English: drink (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Germanic *drunkiz, whence also Old High German trunch, Old Norse drykkr.


stefn

stefn (nominative singular)
stefna (nominative plural)
stefne (nominative plural)
stefne (accusative singular)
stefna (accusative plural)
stefne (accusative plural)
stefne (genitive singular)
stefna (genitive plural)
stefne (dative singular)
stefnum (dative plural)

Middle English: steven

English: steven

From Proto-Germanic *stebnō. Cognate with Old Frisian stifne, Old Saxon stemna, Old High German stimna, Gothic 𐍃𐍄𐌹𐌱𐌽𐌰 (stibna).

c. 990, Wessex Gospels, Mark 1:3

A voice calling out in the wilderness: "Prepare the way of the Lord, make his paths straight."

Clipiendu stefn on þǣre wēstenne: "Ġeġearwiaþ Dryhtnes weġ, dōþ ryhte his sīþas.


penning

penning (nominative singular)
penningas (nominative plural)
penning (accusative singular)
penningas (accusative plural)
penninges (genitive singular)
penninga (genitive plural)
penninge (dative singular)
penningum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: peny, pani, paniȝe, peni, penie, pening
English: penny, pence (see there for further descendants)
Scots: penny

→ Old Irish: pinginn, penginn (possibly from Old Norse)

Irish: pingin

→ Old Spanish:

Spanish: penique


pund

desc

Middle English: pund, punde, pounde, pound

English: pound

Northumbrian: pund

→ Middle Irish: punt

Irish: punt

Manx: punt

Scots: pund, poond

From Proto-West Germanic *pund, from Proto-Germanic *pundą, from Latin pondus.


sumor

sumor (nominative singular)
sumoras (nominative plural)
sumor (accusative singular)
sumoras (accusative plural)
sumores (genitive singular)
sumora (genitive plural)
sumore (dative singular)
sumora (dative singular)
sumorum (dative plural)

Middle English: sumer, somer

English: summer

Scots: somer, sumer, simmer, simer

Yola: zimmer, zummer

From Proto-West Germanic *sumar, see also Old Saxon sumar, Old High German sumar, Old Norse sumar.


sierce

sierċe (canonical feminine)
sierċe (nominative singular)
sierċan (nominative plural)
sierċan (accusative singular)
sierċan (accusative plural)
sierċan (genitive singular)
sierċena (genitive plural)
sierċan (dative singular)
sierċum (dative plural)

Middle English: serk, serke, sark (through the Anglian variant)

Scots: serk, sark

English: sark

From Proto-West Germanic *sarki; related to Old Norse serkr.


swogan

swōgan (canonical)
swōgan (infinitive)
swōgenne (infinitive)
swōge (first-person present singular)
swēġst (present second-person singular)
swēġþ (present singular third-person)
swōgaþ (plural present)
swōge (present singular)
swōgen (plural present)
swōg (imperative past present singular)
swōh (imperative past present singular)
swōgaþ (imperative past plural present)
swōgende (imperative present)
swōgen (imperative past)
ġeswōgen (imperative past)

Middle English: swowen, souȝen, soghen

English: sough

Scots: swouch, souch

Middle English: swōune (“faintness”) (past participle)

Middle English: swōunen

English: swoon

to move with violence, enter with force, invade


springan

springan (infinitive)
springenne (infinitive)
springe (first-person present singular)
sprang (first-person past singular)
springst (present second-person singular)
sprunge (past second-person singular)
springþ (present singular third-person)
sprang (past singular third-person)
springaþ (plural present)
sprungon (past plural)
springe (present singular)
sprunge (past singular)
springen (plural present)
sprungen (past plural)
spring (imperative past present singular)
springaþ (imperative past plural present)
springende (imperative present)
sprungen (imperative past)
ġesprungen (imperative past)

desctree

Middle English: spryngen
English: spring; sprink
Scots: spring


spere

speru (nominative plural)
spere (nominative singular)
speru (nominative plural)
spere (accusative singular)
speru (accusative plural)
speres (genitive singular)
spera (genitive plural)
spere (dative singular)
sperum (dative plural)

Middle English: spere, spear

English: spear

From Proto-West Germanic *speru, from Proto-Germanic *speru, from Proto-Indo-European *sperH-. Cognate with West Frisian spear, Dutch speer, Old High German sper (German Speer), Old Norse spjǫr.


suþ

sūþ (canonical)
sūþ (masculine nominative singular)
sūþ (feminine nominative singular)
sūþ (neuter nominative singular)
sūþne (accusative masculine singular)
sūþe (accusative feminine singular)
sūþ (accusative neuter singular)
sūþes (genitive masculine singular)
sūþre (feminine genitive singular)
sūþes (genitive neuter singular)
sūþum (dative masculine singular)
sūþre (dative feminine singular)
sūþum (dative neuter singular)
sūþe (instrumental masculine singular)
sūþre (feminine instrumental singular)
sūþe (instrumental neuter singular)
sūþe (masculine nominative plural)
sūþa (feminine nominative plural)
sūþe (feminine nominative plural)
sūþ (neuter nominative plural)
sūþe (accusative masculine plural)
sūþa (accusative feminine plural)
sūþe (accusative feminine plural)
sūþ (accusative neuter plural)
sūþra (genitive masculine plural)
sūþra (feminine genitive plural)
sūþra (genitive neuter plural)
sūþum (dative masculine plural)
sūþum (dative feminine plural)
sūþum (dative neuter plural)
sūþum (instrumental masculine plural)
sūþum (feminine instrumental plural)
sūþum (instrumental neuter plural)
sūþa (masculine nominative singular)
sūþe (feminine nominative singular)
sūþe (neuter nominative singular)
sūþan (accusative masculine singular)
sūþan (accusative feminine singular)
sūþe (accusative neuter singular)
sūþan (genitive masculine singular)
sūþan (feminine genitive singular)
sūþan (genitive neuter singular)
sūþan (dative masculine singular)
sūþan (dative feminine singular)
sūþan (dative neuter singular)
sūþan (instrumental masculine singular)
sūþan (feminine instrumental singular)
sūþan (instrumental neuter singular)
sūþan (masculine nominative plural)
sūþan (feminine nominative plural)
sūþan (neuter nominative plural)
sūþan (accusative masculine plural)
sūþan (accusative feminine plural)
sūþan (accusative neuter plural)
sūþra (genitive masculine plural)
sūþena (genitive masculine plural)
sūþra (feminine genitive plural)
sūþena (feminine genitive plural)
sūþra (genitive neuter plural)
sūþena (genitive neuter plural)
sūþum (dative masculine plural)
sūþum (dative feminine plural)
sūþum (dative neuter plural)
sūþum (instrumental masculine plural)
sūþum (feminine instrumental plural)
sūþum (instrumental neuter plural)

Middle English: south, souþ, suþ, sowth, suthe, souþe, suth, souht, zouth (Kent)
English: south
Scots: sooth
Yola: zouth

→ Old French: sud, su

Middle French: sud

French: sud

From Proto-West Germanic *sunþ, *sunþr, from Proto-Germanic *sunþrą, whence also Old High German sunt, Old Norse suðr.


hrycg

hryċġ (canonical masculine)
hryċġ (nominative singular)
hryċġas (nominative plural)
hryċġ (accusative singular)
hryċġas (accusative plural)
hryċġes (genitive singular)
hryċġa (genitive plural)
hryċġe (dative singular)
hryċġum (dative plural)

desc

Middle English: rig, rigge, rug, ryg, rygge

Scots: rig

English: ridge, rig (Northern)

From Proto-West Germanic *hrugi, from Proto-Germanic *hrugjaz. Cognate with Old High German rucki, Old Norse hryggr.


tigele

tigele (nominative singular)
tigelan (nominative plural)
tigelan (accusative singular)
tigelan (accusative plural)
tigelan (genitive singular)
tigelena (genitive plural)
tigelan (dative singular)
tigelum (dative plural)

Middle English: tigel, tighele, teghell, teȝele, tiȝel, tyle, tile

English: tile (see there for further descendants)

Scots: tyl, tild


ærdæg

ǣrdæġ (canonical masculine)
ǣrdagas (nominative plural)

the early part of the day; dawn, early morning


þeoh

þēoh (canonical neuter)
þēoh (nominative singular)
þēoh (nominative plural)
þēoh (accusative singular)
þēoh (accusative plural)
þēos (genitive singular)
þēona (genitive plural)
þēo (dative singular)
þēom (dative plural)
þēoum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: þigh
English: thigh
Scots: thee

late 10th century, Ælfric, the Old English Hexateuch, Genesis 24:2

And Abraham said to his servant, "Put your hand under my thigh."

And Abrāhām cwæþ tō his þēowe, "Sete þīne hand under mīn þēoh."


wifmann

wīfmann (canonical masculine)
wīfmann (nominative singular)
wīfmenn (nominative plural)
wīfmann (accusative singular)
wīfmenn (accusative plural)
wīfmannes (genitive singular)
wīfmanna (genitive plural)
wīfmenn (dative singular)
wīfmannum (dative plural)

desc

Middle English: womman, wimman, wifmanne

Scots: weman, woman

English: woman

From wīf + mann, literally “female person”. Compare wǣpnedmann (“man, a male”, literally “male person”), which wīfmann was often used alongside; cf. Icelandic karlmaður and kvenmaður.


þuma

þūma (canonical masculine)
þūma (nominative singular)
þūman (nominative plural)
þūman (accusative singular)
þūman (accusative plural)
þūman (genitive singular)
þūmena (genitive plural)
þūman (dative singular)
þūmum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: thombe
English: thumb
Scots: thoum
Yola: thoome, thoume

From Proto-West Germanic *þūmō, from Proto-Germanic *þūmô.
Cognate with Old Frisian thūma (West Frisian tomme), Old Saxon thūmo (Low German Dumen or Duum), Dutch duim, Old High German dūmo (German Daumen), Danish tomme, Swedish tumme; and also with Latin tumēre (“to swell”), through the Indo-European root.


ærgod

ǣrgōd (canonical)
ǣrgōd (masculine nominative singular)
ǣrgōd (feminine nominative singular)
ǣrgōd (neuter nominative singular)
ǣrgōdne (accusative masculine singular)
ǣrgōde (accusative feminine singular)
ǣrgōd (accusative neuter singular)
ǣrgōdes (genitive masculine singular)
ǣrgōdre (feminine genitive singular)
ǣrgōdes (genitive neuter singular)
ǣrgōdum (dative masculine singular)
ǣrgōdre (dative feminine singular)
ǣrgōdum (dative neuter singular)
ǣrgōde (instrumental masculine singular)
ǣrgōdre (feminine instrumental singular)
ǣrgōde (instrumental neuter singular)
ǣrgōde (masculine nominative plural)
ǣrgōda (feminine nominative plural)
ǣrgōde (feminine nominative plural)
ǣrgōd (neuter nominative plural)
ǣrgōde (accusative masculine plural)
ǣrgōda (accusative feminine plural)
ǣrgōde (accusative feminine plural)
ǣrgōd (accusative neuter plural)
ǣrgōdra (genitive masculine plural)
ǣrgōdra (feminine genitive plural)
ǣrgōdra (genitive neuter plural)
ǣrgōdum (dative masculine plural)
ǣrgōdum (dative feminine plural)
ǣrgōdum (dative neuter plural)
ǣrgōdum (instrumental masculine plural)
ǣrgōdum (feminine instrumental plural)
ǣrgōdum (instrumental neuter plural)
ǣrgōda (masculine nominative singular)
ǣrgōde (feminine nominative singular)
ǣrgōde (neuter nominative singular)
ǣrgōdan (accusative masculine singular)
ǣrgōdan (accusative feminine singular)
ǣrgōde (accusative neuter singular)
ǣrgōdan (genitive masculine singular)
ǣrgōdan (feminine genitive singular)
ǣrgōdan (genitive neuter singular)
ǣrgōdan (dative masculine singular)
ǣrgōdan (dative feminine singular)
ǣrgōdan (dative neuter singular)
ǣrgōdan (instrumental masculine singular)
ǣrgōdan (feminine instrumental singular)
ǣrgōdan (instrumental neuter singular)
ǣrgōdan (masculine nominative plural)
ǣrgōdan (feminine nominative plural)
ǣrgōdan (neuter nominative plural)
ǣrgōdan (accusative masculine plural)
ǣrgōdan (accusative feminine plural)
ǣrgōdan (accusative neuter plural)
ǣrgōdra (genitive masculine plural)
ǣrgōdena (genitive masculine plural)
ǣrgōdra (feminine genitive plural)
ǣrgōdena (feminine genitive plural)
ǣrgōdra (genitive neuter plural)
ǣrgōdena (genitive neuter plural)
ǣrgōdum (dative masculine plural)
ǣrgōdum (dative feminine plural)
ǣrgōdum (dative neuter plural)
ǣrgōdum (instrumental masculine plural)
ǣrgōdum (feminine instrumental plural)
ǣrgōdum (instrumental neuter plural)

(poetic) good of old, good from olden days; good before other men (precise meaning uncertain)


segl

seġl (canonical masculine neuter)
seġl (nominative singular)
seġlu (nominative plural)
seġl (accusative singular)
seġlu (accusative plural)
seġles (genitive singular)
seġla (genitive plural)
seġle (dative singular)
seġlum (dative plural)
seġl (nominative singular)
seġlas (nominative plural)
seġl (accusative singular)
seġlas (accusative plural)
seġles (genitive singular)
seġla (genitive plural)
seġle (dative singular)
seġlum (dative plural)

desc

Middle English: seyl, seil, sayle, saile

Scots: sail, saill, sale

English: sail

From Proto-West Germanic *segl, from Proto-Germanic *seglą. Related to Old Frisian seil, Old Saxon segal, Old Dutch segil, Old High German segal, Old Norse segl.


ieldu

ieldu (nominative singular)
ielda (nominative plural)
ielde (nominative plural)
ielde (accusative singular)
ielda (accusative plural)
ielde (accusative plural)
ielde (genitive singular)
ielda (genitive plural)
ielde (dative singular)
ieldum (dative plural)

Middle English: elde

English: eld

Scots: elde eild

From Proto-West Germanic *aldī, from Proto-Germanic *alþį̄. Equivalent to eald + -u.


wynsum

ang-adj

wynsum (superlative wynsumast or wynsumest)

wynsumast (superlative)
wynsumest (superlative)
wynsum (masculine nominative singular)
wynsumu (feminine nominative singular)
wynsumo (feminine nominative singular)
wynsum (neuter nominative singular)
wynsumne (accusative masculine singular)
wynsume (accusative feminine singular)
wynsum (accusative neuter singular)
wynsumes (genitive masculine singular)
wynsumre (feminine genitive singular)
wynsumes (genitive neuter singular)
wynsumum (dative masculine singular)
wynsumre (dative feminine singular)
wynsumum (dative neuter singular)
wynsume (instrumental masculine singular)
wynsumre (feminine instrumental singular)
wynsume (instrumental neuter singular)
wynsume (masculine nominative plural)
wynsuma (feminine nominative plural)
wynsume (feminine nominative plural)
wynsumu (neuter nominative plural)
wynsumo (neuter nominative plural)
wynsume (accusative masculine plural)
wynsuma (accusative feminine plural)
wynsume (accusative feminine plural)
wynsumu (accusative neuter plural)
wynsumo (accusative neuter plural)
wynsumra (genitive masculine plural)
wynsumra (feminine genitive plural)
wynsumra (genitive neuter plural)
wynsumum (dative masculine plural)
wynsumum (dative feminine plural)
wynsumum (dative neuter plural)
wynsumum (instrumental masculine plural)
wynsumum (feminine instrumental plural)
wynsumum (instrumental neuter plural)
wynsuma (masculine nominative singular)
wynsume (feminine nominative singular)
wynsume (neuter nominative singular)
wynsuman (accusative masculine singular)
wynsuman (accusative feminine singular)
wynsume (accusative neuter singular)
wynsuman (genitive masculine singular)
wynsuman (feminine genitive singular)
wynsuman (genitive neuter singular)
wynsuman (dative masculine singular)
wynsuman (dative feminine singular)
wynsuman (dative neuter singular)
wynsuman (instrumental masculine singular)
wynsuman (feminine instrumental singular)
wynsuman (instrumental neuter singular)
wynsuman (masculine nominative plural)
wynsuman (feminine nominative plural)
wynsuman (neuter nominative plural)
wynsuman (accusative masculine plural)
wynsuman (accusative feminine plural)
wynsuman (accusative neuter plural)
wynsumra (genitive masculine plural)
wynsumena (genitive masculine plural)
wynsumra (feminine genitive plural)
wynsumena (feminine genitive plural)
wynsumra (genitive neuter plural)
wynsumena (genitive neuter plural)
wynsumum (dative masculine plural)
wynsumum (dative feminine plural)
wynsumum (dative neuter plural)
wynsumum (instrumental masculine plural)
wynsumum (feminine instrumental plural)
wynsumum (instrumental neuter plural)

desctree

Middle English: wynsom, winsom, winsum, wunsum, wonsom, wonsome, wonsum
English: winsome
Scots: wunsome, winsome

From Proto-West Germanic *wunnjusam (“joyful”); equivalent to wynn + -sum.


earendel

From Proto-Germanic *Auziwandilaz, from *auzi (“dawn”) + *wandilaz (“fluctuating, variable, wandering”), perhaps via the intermediate forms *ēarwendel or *ēarwandel.

also for the personification for the morning star


benc

benċ (canonical feminine)
benċ (nominative singular)
benċe (nominative plural)
benċa (nominative plural)
benċ (accusative singular)
benċe (accusative singular)
benċe (accusative plural)
benċa (accusative plural)
benċe (genitive singular)
benċa (genitive plural)
benċe (dative singular)
benċum (dative plural)

desc

Middle English: benk, bench, bynk, benche, banch, binch, binche

English: bench (see there for further descendants)

Scots: bink, benk

→ Middle Irish: beinnse

Irish: binse

From Proto-West Germanic *banki, from Proto-Germanic *bankiz. Cognate with Old Saxon banc (Dutch bank), Old High German banch (German Bank), Old Norse *benkr (Swedish bänk).


ealdor

ealdor (nominative singular)
ealdras (nominative plural)
ealdor (accusative singular)
ealdras (accusative plural)
ealdres (genitive singular)
ealdra (genitive plural)
ealdre (dative singular)
ealdrum (dative plural)

Middle English: alder

⇒ Old English: ealdorman

Middle English: alderman, aldermon

English: alderman

From Proto-West Germanic *aldr, from Proto-Germanic *aldraz.


æsce

ǣsċe (canonical feminine)
ǣsċe (nominative singular)
ǣsċan (nominative plural)
ǣsċan (accusative singular)
ǣsċan (accusative plural)
ǣsċan (genitive singular)
ǣsċena (genitive plural)
ǣsċan (dative singular)
ǣsċum (dative plural)

Middle English: axe

English: ask


wearm

wearm (masculine nominative singular)
wearm (feminine nominative singular)
wearm (neuter nominative singular)
wearmne (accusative masculine singular)
wearme (accusative feminine singular)
wearm (accusative neuter singular)
wearmes (genitive masculine singular)
wearmre (feminine genitive singular)
wearmes (genitive neuter singular)
wearmum (dative masculine singular)
wearmre (dative feminine singular)
wearmum (dative neuter singular)
wearme (instrumental masculine singular)
wearmre (feminine instrumental singular)
wearme (instrumental neuter singular)
wearme (masculine nominative plural)
wearma (feminine nominative plural)
wearme (feminine nominative plural)
wearm (neuter nominative plural)
wearme (accusative masculine plural)
wearma (accusative feminine plural)
wearme (accusative feminine plural)
wearm (accusative neuter plural)
wearmra (genitive masculine plural)
wearmra (feminine genitive plural)
wearmra (genitive neuter plural)
wearmum (dative masculine plural)
wearmum (dative feminine plural)
wearmum (dative neuter plural)
wearmum (instrumental masculine plural)
wearmum (feminine instrumental plural)
wearmum (instrumental neuter plural)
wearma (masculine nominative singular)
wearme (feminine nominative singular)
wearme (neuter nominative singular)
wearman (accusative masculine singular)
wearman (accusative feminine singular)
wearme (accusative neuter singular)
wearman (genitive masculine singular)
wearman (feminine genitive singular)
wearman (genitive neuter singular)
wearman (dative masculine singular)
wearman (dative feminine singular)
wearman (dative neuter singular)
wearman (instrumental masculine singular)
wearman (feminine instrumental singular)
wearman (instrumental neuter singular)
wearman (masculine nominative plural)
wearman (feminine nominative plural)
wearman (neuter nominative plural)
wearman (accusative masculine plural)
wearman (accusative feminine plural)
wearman (accusative neuter plural)
wearmra (genitive masculine plural)
wearmena (genitive masculine plural)
wearmra (feminine genitive plural)
wearmena (feminine genitive plural)
wearmra (genitive neuter plural)
wearmena (genitive neuter plural)
wearmum (dative masculine plural)
wearmum (dative feminine plural)
wearmum (dative neuter plural)
wearmum (instrumental masculine plural)
wearmum (feminine instrumental plural)
wearmum (instrumental neuter plural)

desctree

Middle English: warm, warme, werm, wearm
Scots: wairm
English: warm

From Proto-West Germanic *warm.
See also Old Frisian warm (West Frisian waarm), Old Saxon warm (Low German warm), Dutch warm, Old High German warm (German warm), Old Norse varmr (Danish varm, Swedish varm), Gothic *𐍅𐌰𐍂𐌼𐍃 (*warms)); also possibly Ancient Greek θερμός (thermós), Latin formus.


blæst

blǣst (canonical masculine)
blǣst (nominative singular)
blǣstas (nominative plural)
blǣst (accusative singular)
blǣstas (accusative plural)
blǣstes (genitive singular)
blǣsta (genitive plural)
blǣste (dative singular)
blǣstum (dative plural)

Middle English: blast, blaste, blæst, blest
English: blast
→ Irish: bleaist
Scots: blast

From Proto-West Germanic *blāstu, from Proto-Germanic *blēstuz (“blowing, burst of wind”), from Proto-Germanic *blēsaną, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰel- (“to swell, blow up”).
Cognate with Old High German blāst, Old Norse blástr, Old High German blāsan (“to blow”) (German blasen (“to blow”)), Old English blāwan (“to blow”). More at blow.


wrang

wrang (nominative singular)
wrangas (nominative plural)
wrang (accusative singular)
wrangas (accusative plural)
wranges (genitive singular)
wranga (genitive plural)
wrange (dative singular)
wrangum (dative plural)

gl

merged with descendant of <i class="Latn mention" lang="ang">wranga</i>

Middle English: wrang, wrong, wrange, wronge (merged with descendant of wranga)

⇒ Middle English: wrangel

From Proto-West Germanic *wrang, from Proto-Germanic *wrangaz (“crooked, bent, curved”). Compare Alemannic German Rang (“convolution, bend”), Old Norse vröng (“a ship's rib”) (whence Icelandic röng, Old Norwegian vrǫng).


ambiht

ambiht (nominative singular)
ambihtas (nominative plural)
ambiht (accusative singular)
ambihtas (accusative plural)
ambihtes (genitive singular)
ambihta (genitive plural)
ambihte (dative singular)
ambihtum (dative plural)

From Proto-Germanic *ambahtaz, whence also Old High German ambaht, Old Norse ambátt, Gothic 𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌱𐌰𐌷𐍄𐍃 (andbahts). Compare Latin ambactus.


hoh

hōh (canonical masculine)
hōh (nominative singular)
hōs (nominative plural)
hōh (accusative singular)
hōs (accusative plural)
hōs (genitive singular)
hōna (genitive plural)
hō (dative singular)
hōm (dative plural)
hōum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: hough, ho, hogh, hoghe, how
English: heugh; hoe, hogh, hough, how
Scots: heuch


cnafa

cnafa (nominative singular)
cnafan (nominative plural)
cnafan (accusative singular)
cnafan (accusative plural)
cnafan (genitive singular)
cnafena (genitive plural)
cnafan (dative singular)
cnafum (dative plural)

Middle English: knave, cnave, knafe, cnafe, knaffe, knaue, knawe, knaf, knaw
English: knave
Scots: knave, knafe, knaif


frigedæg

frīġedæġ (canonical masculine)
frīġedæġ (nominative singular)
frīġedagas (nominative plural)
frīġedæġ (accusative singular)
frīġedagas (accusative plural)
frīġedæġes (genitive singular)
frīġedaga (genitive plural)
frīġedæġe (dative singular)
frīġedagum (dative plural)

Middle English: Friday
English: Friday
Tok Pisin: Fraide
→ Maori: Paraire
Scots: Friday
Yola: Vreedie, Vridei, vreedei

From Proto-West Germanic *Frījā dag, a calque of Latin diēs Veneris (“Friday”, literally “day of Venus”).


þursdæg

þursdæġ (canonical masculine)
þursdæġ (nominative singular)
þursdagas (nominative plural)
þursdæġ (accusative singular)
þursdagas (accusative plural)
þursdæġes (genitive singular)
þursdaga (genitive plural)
þursdæġe (dative singular)
þursdagum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: Thursday, Thuresday, Thurysday, Þursday, Thoresday
English: Thursday
Scots: Fuirsday, Försday
Yola: Thorsdei

Possibly from a contraction of þunresdæġ (“Thursday”, literally “Thunor's day”), but more likely from Old Norse þōrsdagr or Old Danish þūrsdag (“Thursday”) (compare modern Danish torsdag); all from Proto-West Germanic *Þunras dag (“day of the thunder god”), a calque of Latin dies Iovis, equivalent to Þunres (“genitive of the god's name Þunor”) + dæġ (“day”). More at thunder, day.

compound

genitive of the god's name <i class="Latn mention" lang="ang">Þunor</i>


wodnesdæg

wōdnesdæġ (canonical masculine)
wōdnesdæġ (nominative singular)
wōdnesdagas (nominative plural)
wōdnesdæġ (accusative singular)
wōdnesdagas (accusative plural)
wōdnesdæġes (genitive singular)
wōdnesdaga (genitive plural)
wōdnesdæġe (dative singular)
wōdnesdagum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: Wednesday
English: Wednesday
→ Maori: Wenerei
Scots: Wadensday
Yola: Wennesdei

From Wōdnes (“gen. of Wōden”) + dæġ (“day”), from Proto-West Germanic *Wōdanas dag, a calque of Latin diēs Mercuriī.

compound

gen. of <i class="Latn mention" lang="ang">Wōden</i>


lybb

Middle English: libbe

Scots: lib

English: lib (dialectal)

From Proto-West Germanic *lubi, from Proto-Germanic *lubją (“herb, poison, love potion”). Akin to Old High German luppi, Old Norse lyf.


scearu

sċearu (canonical feminine)
sċearu (nominative singular)
sċeara (nominative plural)
sċeare (nominative plural)
sċeare (accusative singular)
sċeara (accusative plural)
sċeare (accusative plural)
sċeare (genitive singular)
sċeara (genitive plural)
sċeare (dative singular)
sċearum (dative plural)

Middle English: share

Scots: schare

English: share

From Proto-West Germanic *skaru, from Proto-Germanic *skarō (“division; share; troop”), whence also Old High German scara, Dutch schaar.

(anatomy) the groin; pubic region; genitals; stomach; bowel


sicol

sicol (nominative singular)
sicolas (nominative plural)
sicol (accusative singular)
sicolas (accusative plural)
sicoles (genitive singular)
sicola (genitive plural)
sicole (dative singular)
sicolum (dative plural)

desc

Middle English: sikel, sekell, sikil, sykel

English: sickle

Scots: sikil, sicle, sickle


ator

ātor (canonical neuter)
ātru (nominative plural)
ātor (nominative singular)
ātru (nominative plural)
ātor (accusative singular)
ātru (accusative plural)
ātres (genitive singular)
ātra (genitive plural)
ātre (dative singular)
ātrum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: atter, attere, attir, attre, atture, attyr, attyre, atterr (Ormulum)
English: atter
Scots: atter, etter

late 10th century, Ælfric, "Saint Maur, Abbot"
Marus ġemētte ænne man eft sē wæs yfele ġetawod and hine ǣt se cancor and his weleres wǣron āwlǣtte mid ealle and ēac his nosu fornumen mid āttre...

Again Maurus found a man who was evilly stricken, and a cancer was eating him, and his lips were rendered loathsome thereby, and likewise his nose destroyed by the poison;...


wini

wini (nominative singular)
winas (nominative plural)
wini (accusative singular)
winas (accusative plural)
wines (genitive singular)
wina (genitive plural)
wini (dative singular)
winum (dative plural)

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.


wea

wēa (canonical masculine)
wēa (nominative singular)
wēan (nominative plural)
wēan (accusative singular)
wēan (accusative plural)
wēan (genitive singular)
wēana (genitive plural)
wēan (dative singular)
wēam (dative plural)
wēaum (dative plural)

Middle English: we, wee, wea, wæ; wowe


fordon

fordōn (canonical)
fordōn (infinitive)
fordōnne (infinitive)
fordō (first-person present singular)
fordyde (first-person past singular)
fordēst (present second-person singular)
fordydest (past second-person singular)
fordēþ (present singular third-person)
fordyde (past singular third-person)
fordōþ (plural present)
fordydon (past plural)
fordō (present singular)
fordyde (past singular)
fordōn (plural present)
fordyden (past plural)
fordō (imperative past present singular)
fordōþ (imperative past plural present)
fordōnde (imperative present)
fordōn (imperative past)

Middle English: fordon

English: fordo

From Proto-Germanic *fradōną (“to do away with”), equivalent to for- + dōn. Cognate with Old Saxon fardōn.


Cain

Cain (nominative singular)
Cain (accusative singular)
Caines (genitive singular)
Caine (dative singular)

(biblical) Cain, the brother of Abel and the first murderer


dreng

drenġ (canonical masculine)
drenġ (nominative singular)
drenġas (nominative plural)
drenġ (accusative singular)
drenġas (accusative plural)
drenġes (genitive singular)
drenġa (genitive plural)
drenġe (dative singular)
drenġum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: dreng, dranch, dring, dringch, ðring
→ Medieval Latin: drengus
→ English: dreng, drenge
>? Scots: dring

From Proto-West Germanic *drangī, from Proto-Germanic *drangijaz.


hete

hete (nominative singular)
hetas (nominative plural)
hete (accusative singular)
hetas (accusative plural)
hetes (genitive singular)
heta (genitive plural)
hete (dative singular)
hetum (dative plural)

Middle English: hete, het; hate, ate, haate, hat, hatte (influenced by the verb)
English: hate
Scots: hate, hait, heit

From Proto-West Germanic *hati. Cognate with Old Saxon heti, Old High German haz, Old Norse hatr, Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐍄𐌹𐍃 (hatis).

late 9th century, translation of Orosius’ History Against the Pagans
On þām ġewinne, ⁊ on moneġum oþrum æfter þǣm, Hannibal ġecȳþde þone nīþ ⁊ þone hete þe hē beforan his fæder ġeswōr, þā hē nigonwintre cniht wæs, þæt hē næfre ne wurde Rōmana frēond.

In that battle, and in many others after that, Hannibal proved the hatred and hostility that he swore before his father when he was a nine-year-old boy, that he would never become a friend of the Romans.


teter

English: tetter

From Proto-West Germanic *tetru, from Proto-Germanic *tetruz, *tetruhaz, from Proto-Indo-European *dedru-, from Proto-Indo-European *der- (“to flay, split, crack”).


þunresdæg

þunresdæġ (canonical masculine)
þunresdæġ (nominative singular)
þunresdagas (nominative plural)
þunresdæġ (accusative singular)
þunresdagas (accusative plural)
þunresdæġes (genitive singular)
þunresdaga (genitive plural)
þunresdæġe (dative singular)
þunresdagum (dative plural)

From Proto-West Germanic *Þunras dag (“Thursday”). Equivalent to Þunres (“Thunor's, Thor's”) + dæġ (“day”).

com

þursdæġ

possibly a contraction or alternatively derived from a North Germanic language


hæle

hæle (nominative singular)
hæleþ (nominative plural)
hæle (accusative singular)
hæleþ (accusative plural)
hæleþ (genitive singular)
hæleþa (genitive plural)
hæleþ (dative singular)
hæleþum (dative plural)
hæleþ (nominative singular)
hæleþas (nominative plural)
hæleþ (accusative singular)
hæleþas (accusative plural)
hæleþes (genitive singular)
hæleþa (genitive plural)
hæleþe (dative singular)
hæleþum (dative plural)

i

conflation with <i class="Latn mention" lang="enm">athel</i> (“nobleman”)

Middle English: heleð, haleð, hæleð; hathel (conflation with athel (“nobleman”))

English: health

Middle Scots: hathill

From Proto-West Germanic *haliþ, from Proto-Germanic *haliþaz. Compare cognates: Old Norse halr (“hero, person”), hǫldr (“free-born, prominent yeoman”), also German Held (“hero”).


banhus

bānhūs (canonical neuter)
bānhūs (nominative plural)

From bān (“bone”) + hūs (“house”). Compare sāwelhūs (“body”, literally “soul house”) and feorhhūs (“body”, literally “spirit house”).


brecþ

Þæt wæs wræc micel wine Scyldinga, modes brecþa.

That was great suffering to the lord of the Shieldings, griefs of his heart. (Beowulf ll. 170-1)


lieg

līeġ (canonical masculine)
līeġ (nominative singular)
līeġas (nominative plural)
līeġ (accusative singular)
līeġas (accusative plural)
līeġes (genitive singular)
līeġa (genitive plural)
līeġe (dative singular)
līeġum (dative plural)

From Proto-West Germanic *laugi, from Proto-Germanic *laugiz. Cognate with Old High German loug, Old Norse leygr.


Hannibal

Hannibal (nominative singular)
Hannibal (accusative singular)
Hannibales (genitive singular)
Hannibale (dative singular)
Hannibale (nominative singular)
Hannibalan (accusative singular)
Hannibalan (genitive singular)
Hannibalan (dative singular)

From Latin Hannibal, from Punic 𐤇𐤍𐤁𐤏𐤋 (ḥnbʿl /ḥannībaʿl/, “May the Lord (Baal) grace me”).