Syria

Syria (nominative singular)
Syrian (accusative singular)
Syrian (genitive singular)
Syrian (dative singular)


Rom

Rōm (canonical feminine)
Rōm (nominative singular)
Rōme (accusative singular)
Rōme (genitive singular)
Rōme (dative singular)

desctree

Middle English: Rome
English: Rome
Scots: Roum, Rome

late 9th century, translation of Orosius’ History Against the Pagans
Æfter þǣm þe Rōmeburg ġetimbred wæs IIII hunde wintra ⁊ II, þætte Cartaina þǣre burge ǣrendracan cōmon tō Rōme ⁊ him ġebudon þæt hīe frið him betwēonum hæfden...

Four hundred and two years after the city of Rome was built, ambassadors [from] the city of Carthage came to Rome and proposed that there be peace between them...


Asia

From Latin Asia, from Ancient Greek Ᾰ̓σῐ́ᾱ (Asíā), from Mycenaean Greek 𐀀𐀯𐀹𐀊 (a-si-wi-ja /aswijaː/), in turn probably from Hittite 𒀸𒋗𒉿 (aš-šu-wa /Aššuwa/, “northwest Anatolia”) of uncertain origin.

der

late 9th century, translation of Orosius’ History Against the Pagans
Asia is befangen mid...þǣm gārseċġe sūþan ⁊ norþan ⁊ eastan...

Asia is surrounded by...the southern and northern and eastern sea...


Italia

late 9th century, translation of Orosius’ History Against the Pagans
⁊ hē [Pirrus] hæfde XX elpenda tō þǣm ġefeohte mid him, þe Rōmane ǣr na ne ne ġesawon: hē wæs sē forma mon þe hīe ǣrest on Italium brōhte.

And he [Pyrrhus] had twenty elephants with him in battle, which the Romans had never seen before; he was the first man to bring them to Italy.


Arabia

Arabia (nominative singular)
Arabie (accusative singular)
Arabie (genitive singular)
Arabie (dative singular)

Arabia (a peninsula and region of Western Asia)


Egypte

Egypte (nominative plural)
Egypte (accusative plural)
Egypta (genitive plural)
Egyptum (dative plural)

desctree

Middle English: Egipt
English: Egypt
→ Burmese: အီဂျစ် (igyac)
→ Chinese: 埃及 (Āijí)
→ Korean: 애굽 (Aegup)
→ Vietnamese: Ai Cập
→ Cornish: Ejyp
→ Gujarati: ઇજિપ્ત (ijipt)
→ Hindi: इजिप्ट (ijipṭ), इजिप्त (ijipt)
→ Iban: Ejip
→ Japanese: エジプト (Ejiputo)
→ Kannada: ಈಜಿಪ್ಟ್ (ījipṭ)
→ Korean: 이집트 (Ijipteu)
→ Malayalam: ഈജിപ്റ്റ് (ījipṟṟ)
→ Maori: Īhipa
→ Marathi: इजिप्त (ijipta)
→ Navajo: Ííjip
→ Nepali: इजिप्ट (ijipṭa)
→ Odia: ଇଜିପ୍ଟ (ijipṭa)
→ Paiwan: Idjiputu
→ Thai: อียิปต์ (ii-yìp)

Egypt (a country in North Africa and Western Asia)


Dunholm

Middle English:

English: Durham

→ Old French: Duresm

Middle French: Duresm

→ English: Duresm

→ Latin: Dunelmun

→ English: Dunelm

dun (“hill, mountain”) + holm (“islet”, from Old Norse holmr, from Proto-Germanic *hulmaz)


Scedenig

From Proto-Germanic *Skadinawjō, equivalent to sċeaþa + īeġ. Cognate with Old Norse Skáney.


legie

legie (nominative singular)
legian (nominative plural)
legian (accusative singular)
legian (accusative plural)
legian (genitive singular)
legiena (genitive plural)
legian (dative singular)
legium (dative plural)

Ultimately from Latin legō (“to gather, collect”)


Ispania

Ispānia (canonical feminine)
Ispānia (nominative singular)
Ispānia (accusative singular)
Ispānia (genitive singular)
Ispānia (dative singular)

Spain (a country in Southern Europe, including most of the Iberian peninsula)


Francland

Francland (nominative singular)
Francland (accusative singular)
Franclandes (genitive singular)
Franclande (dative singular)

Middle English: Fronc-lond

English: Frankland

From Franca (“the Franks'”) + land. Compare Icelandic Frakkland (“France”).


Rin

Rīn (canonical feminine masculine)
Rīn (nominative singular)
Rīn (accusative singular)
Rīnes (genitive singular)
Rīne (dative singular)
Rīn (nominative singular)
Rīne (accusative singular)
Rīne (genitive singular)
Rīne (dative singular)

English: Rhine

From Proto-Germanic *Rīnaz, from Celtic. Utimately derived from Proto-Indo-European *h₃reyH- (“to flow”).


Lunden

Lunden (nominative singular)
Lundene (accusative singular)
Lundene (genitive singular)
Lundene (dative singular)

Middle English: Lunden, London

English: London

Norwegian Bokmål: London

→ Latin: Lundonia

Together with Middle Welsh Llundein cannot be directly from Latin Londinium, which would yield Old English *Lynden via i-mutation. But both may continue Vulgar Latin *Lundeinju (Late British Latin) if the medial -i- of the original word was short.

late 10th century, Ælfric, "Sermon on the Efficacy of the Holy Mass"
Sē ealdormann sealde hine sumum Frīsan of Lundene.

The aldorman sold him to a Frisian from London.


Grecland

Grēcland (canonical neuter)
Grēcland (nominative singular)
Grēcland (accusative singular)
Grēclandes (genitive singular)
Grēclande (dative singular)

desc

Middle English: Griccland, Griclond, Greclond

English: Greekland


Romana rice

Rōmāna rīċe (canonical neuter)
Rōmāna rīċe (nominative singular)
Rōmāna rīċe (accusative singular)
Rōmāna rīċes (genitive singular)
Rōmāna rīċe (dative singular)

From the genitive form of Rōmāne + rīċe. Literally "empire of the Romans."

c. 992, Ælfric, "The Deposition of St. Martin, Bishop"
Hē wæs āfēded on Rōmāna rīċe.


Portesmuða

Portesmūða (canonical masculine)
Portesmuða (nominative singular)
Portesmuðan (nominative plural)
Portesmuðan (accusative singular)
Portesmuðan (accusative plural)
Portesmuðan (genitive singular)
Portesmuðena (genitive plural)
Portesmuðan (dative singular)
Portesmuðum (dative plural)

Middle English: Portesmuða

English: Portsmouth


Penwihtsteort

Penwihtsteort (nominative singular)
Penwihtsteort (accusative singular)
Penwihtsteortes (genitive singular)
Penwihtsteorte (dative singular)


Mægelan

English: Milan


Portesmuþa

Portesmūþa (canonical masculine)
Portesmuþa (nominative singular)
Portesmuþan (accusative singular)
Portesmuþan (genitive singular)
Portesmuþan (dative singular)

Middle English: Portesmuþe, Portesmouþe, Portesmouthe, Portsmouthe

English: Portsmouth

Scots: Portsmou

Yola: *Po(r)smowth(e), *Po(r)smowdh(e)


Deorby

Dēorbȳ (canonical neuter)
Dēorbȳ (nominative singular)
Dēorbȳ (accusative singular)
Dēorbȳes (genitive singular)
Dēorbȳe (dative singular)

From dēor (“animal”) + bȳ (“dwelling, habitation”).


Deorbyscir

Dēorbȳsċīr (canonical feminine)
Dēorbȳsċīr (nominative singular)
Dēorbȳsċīre (accusative singular)
Dēorbȳsċīre (genitive singular)
Dēorbȳsċīre (dative singular)


Donua

From Proto-Celtic *Dānowyos (compare Welsh river name Donwy), an extended form of the river-name *Dānu, from Proto-Indo-European *déh₂nu (“river goddess”), akin to *dʰenh₂- (“to set in motion; to flow”).


Egypta land

Egypta land (nominative singular)
Egypta land (accusative singular)
Egypta landes (genitive singular)
Egypta lande (dative singular)

From the genitive of Egypte (“the Egyptians”) + land (“land”). Literally "land of the Egyptians."

late 10th century, Ælfric, Lives of Saints
Marcus sē godspellere be godes dihte ġefōr tō Aegipta lande and þǣr lǣrde þæt folc and to fulluhte ġebiġde frām þām fūlan hæþensċype.

Mark the Evangelist went to Egypt by God's order and there taught its people and turned its people towards baptism and away from foul heathenism.

Egypt (a country and ancient kingdom in North Africa and Western Asia)


Scrobbesbyrigscir

Sċrobbesbyriġsċīr (canonical feminine)
Sċrobbesbyriġsċīr (nominative singular)
Sċrobbesbyriġsċīre (accusative singular)
Sċrobbesbyriġsċīre (genitive singular)
Sċrobbesbyriġsċīre (dative singular)

Middle English:

English: Shropshire


Lundene brycg

Lundene bryċġ (canonical neuter)
Lundene bryċġ (nominative singular)
Lundene bryċġe (accusative singular)
Lundene bryċġe (genitive singular)
Lundene bryċġe (dative singular)

English: London Bridge

Literally, “London's bridge”, or more loosely translated as “the bridge of London”.


Iordan

English: Jordan

From Latin Iordanēs, from Ancient Greek Ἰορδάνης (Iordánēs), from Biblical Hebrew יַרְדֵּן (yardén, “Jordan (river)”).


Rome burg

Rōme burg (canonical feminine)
Rōme burg (nominative singular)
Rōme burg (accusative singular)
Rōme byrġ (genitive singular)
Rōme byrġ (dative singular)

ang-decl-noun

Declension of Rome burg (strong consonant stem)

c. 992, Ælfric of Eynsham, "The Nativity of St. Andrew the Apostle"
Hē ġeċēas fisċeras ǣr þon þe hē cure cāseras, for þon þe betere is þæt sē cāsere, þonne hē tō Rōme byrġ becymþ, þæt hē weorpe his cynehelm and ġecneowiġe æt þæs fisċeres ġemynde þonne sē fisċere ġecneowiġe æt þæs cāseres ġemynde.

He chose fishermen before he chose emperors, because it is better for an emperor when he comes to Rome to cast aside his crown and kneel at a memorial of a fisherman than for a fisherman to kneel at a memorial of an emperor.

c. 992, Ælfric of Eynsham, "The Universal Faith"
Swā hraðe swā hēo upp āspringþ on ǣrne morgen, hēo sċīnþ on Hierūsalem, and on Rōme byrġ, and on þissum earde, and on eallum eardum ætgædere, and hwæðere hēo is ġesċeaft, and gǣþ be Godes dihte.

As soon as it comes up in the early morning, it shines on Jerusalem, and on the city of Rome, and on this country and all countries at once, and yet it's a creation, and it's only moving where God tells it to.


Ungerland

Ungerland (nominative singular)
Ungerland (accusative singular)
Ungerlandes (genitive singular)
Ungerlande (dative singular)

Middle English: Hungerland

English: Hungarland, Hungerland

The first element is derived from Latin Ungaria (“Hungary”) or Ungarī (“Hungarians”), or else is an unattested Old English word meaning “a Hungarian,” from the same source. Other country names contain similar first elements, as in Swēoland (“Sweden”, literally “Swede land”) and Francland (“France”, literally “Frank land”); see also the prefix Angel-.
The second element is land (“land, country”).

Hungary (a historical kingdom in Central Europe, occupying a larger area than modern Hungary)


Lundenisc

Lundenisċ (canonical)
Lundenisċ (masculine nominative singular)
Lundenisċ (feminine nominative singular)
Lundenisċ (neuter nominative singular)
Lundenisċne (accusative masculine singular)
Lundenisċe (accusative feminine singular)
Lundenisċ (accusative neuter singular)
Lundenisċes (genitive masculine singular)
Lundenisċre (feminine genitive singular)
Lundenisċes (genitive neuter singular)
Lundenisċum (dative masculine singular)
Lundenisċre (dative feminine singular)
Lundenisċum (dative neuter singular)
Lundenisċe (instrumental masculine singular)
Lundenisċre (feminine instrumental singular)
Lundenisċe (instrumental neuter singular)
Lundenisċe (masculine nominative plural)
Lundenisċa (feminine nominative plural)
Lundenisċe (feminine nominative plural)
Lundenisċ (neuter nominative plural)
Lundenisċe (accusative masculine plural)
Lundenisċa (accusative feminine plural)
Lundenisċe (accusative feminine plural)
Lundenisċ (accusative neuter plural)
Lundenisċra (genitive masculine plural)
Lundenisċra (feminine genitive plural)
Lundenisċra (genitive neuter plural)
Lundenisċum (dative masculine plural)
Lundenisċum (dative feminine plural)
Lundenisċum (dative neuter plural)
Lundenisċum (instrumental masculine plural)
Lundenisċum (feminine instrumental plural)
Lundenisċum (instrumental neuter plural)
Lundenisċa (masculine nominative singular)
Lundenisċe (feminine nominative singular)
Lundenisċe (neuter nominative singular)
Lundenisċan (accusative masculine singular)
Lundenisċan (accusative feminine singular)
Lundenisċe (accusative neuter singular)
Lundenisċan (genitive masculine singular)
Lundenisċan (feminine genitive singular)
Lundenisċan (genitive neuter singular)
Lundenisċan (dative masculine singular)
Lundenisċan (dative feminine singular)
Lundenisċan (dative neuter singular)
Lundenisċan (instrumental masculine singular)
Lundenisċan (feminine instrumental singular)
Lundenisċan (instrumental neuter singular)
Lundenisċan (masculine nominative plural)
Lundenisċan (feminine nominative plural)
Lundenisċan (neuter nominative plural)
Lundenisċan (accusative masculine plural)
Lundenisċan (accusative feminine plural)
Lundenisċan (accusative neuter plural)
Lundenisċra (genitive masculine plural)
Lundenisċena (genitive masculine plural)
Lundenisċra (feminine genitive plural)
Lundenisċena (feminine genitive plural)
Lundenisċra (genitive neuter plural)
Lundenisċena (genitive neuter plural)
Lundenisċum (dative masculine plural)
Lundenisċum (dative feminine plural)
Lundenisċum (dative neuter plural)
Lundenisċum (instrumental masculine plural)
Lundenisċum (feminine instrumental plural)
Lundenisċum (instrumental neuter plural)

Middle English: Londenyssh

English: Londonish

þām Lundenescan folce

upp and niðer on þā Lundenescan strǣta


Galwalas

Galwalas (nominative plural)
Galwalas (accusative plural)
Galwala (genitive plural)
Galwalum (dative plural)


Lundentun

Lundentūn (canonical masculine)
Lundentūn (nominative singular)
Lundentūn (accusative singular)
Lundentūnes (genitive singular)
Lundentūne (dative singular)

English: London Town


Wintanceaster

Wintanċeaster (canonical masculine)
Wintanċeaster (nominative singular)
Wintanċeastre (accusative singular)
Wintanċeastre (genitive singular)
Wintanċeastre (dative singular)

English: Winchester

From Latin Venta Belgārum (literally “Venta of the Belgae”), possibly from Proto-Celtic *wentā (“town, place”), Proto-Indo-European *h₁wen- (“place (?)”) + ċeastre


Creca land

Crēca land (canonical neuter)
Crēca land (nominative singular)
Crēca land (accusative singular)
Crēca landes (genitive singular)
Crēca lande (dative singular)


Brycgstow

Bryċġstōw (canonical feminine)
Bryċġstōw (nominative singular)
Bryċġstōwe (accusative singular)
Bryċġstōwe (genitive singular)
Bryċġstōwe (dative singular)

English: Bristol


Lundenwaran

From Lunden (“London”) + -waran (“people of”)


Deprobane

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Ταπροβάνη (Taprobánē)


Suþrigea

Sūþrīġea (canonical masculine)
Sūþrīġea (nominative singular)
Sūþrīġean (nominative plural)
Sūþrīġean (accusative singular)
Sūþrīġean (accusative plural)
Sūþrīġean (genitive singular)
Sūþrīġena (genitive plural)
Sūþrīġean (dative singular)
Sūþrīġum (dative plural)

English: Surrey

From sūþ, sūþerne (“south, southern”) + -ġe (district, region)


Indea

From Latin India, from Ancient Greek Ἰνδία (Indía), from Ancient Greek Ἰνδός (Indós, “Indus river”), from Old Persian 𐏃𐎡𐎯𐎢𐏁 (hiⁿdūš), from Sanskrit सिन्धु (sindhu), ultimately from Proto-Indo-Iranian *síndʰuš (“river”).


Lundenceaster

Lundenċeaster (canonical feminine)
Lundenċeaster (nominative singular)
Lundenċeastre (accusative singular)
Lundenċeastre (genitive singular)
Lundenċeastre (dative singular)


Buccingahamscir

Buccingahāmsċīr (canonical feminine)
Buccingahāmsċīr (nominative singular)
Buccingahāmsċīre (accusative singular)
Buccingahāmsċīre (genitive singular)
Buccingahāmsċīre (dative singular)


Persisc

Persisċ (canonical)
Persisċ (masculine nominative singular)
Persisċ (feminine nominative singular)
Persisċ (neuter nominative singular)
Persisċne (accusative masculine singular)
Persisċe (accusative feminine singular)
Persisċ (accusative neuter singular)
Persisċes (genitive masculine singular)
Persisċre (feminine genitive singular)
Persisċes (genitive neuter singular)
Persisċum (dative masculine singular)
Persisċre (dative feminine singular)
Persisċum (dative neuter singular)
Persisċe (instrumental masculine singular)
Persisċre (feminine instrumental singular)
Persisċe (instrumental neuter singular)
Persisċe (masculine nominative plural)
Persisċa (feminine nominative plural)
Persisċe (feminine nominative plural)
Persisċ (neuter nominative plural)
Persisċe (accusative masculine plural)
Persisċa (accusative feminine plural)
Persisċe (accusative feminine plural)
Persisċ (accusative neuter plural)
Persisċra (genitive masculine plural)
Persisċra (feminine genitive plural)
Persisċra (genitive neuter plural)
Persisċum (dative masculine plural)
Persisċum (dative feminine plural)
Persisċum (dative neuter plural)
Persisċum (instrumental masculine plural)
Persisċum (feminine instrumental plural)
Persisċum (instrumental neuter plural)
Persisċa (masculine nominative singular)
Persisċe (feminine nominative singular)
Persisċe (neuter nominative singular)
Persisċan (accusative masculine singular)
Persisċan (accusative feminine singular)
Persisċe (accusative neuter singular)
Persisċan (genitive masculine singular)
Persisċan (feminine genitive singular)
Persisċan (genitive neuter singular)
Persisċan (dative masculine singular)
Persisċan (dative feminine singular)
Persisċan (dative neuter singular)
Persisċan (instrumental masculine singular)
Persisċan (feminine instrumental singular)
Persisċan (instrumental neuter singular)
Persisċan (masculine nominative plural)
Persisċan (feminine nominative plural)
Persisċan (neuter nominative plural)
Persisċan (accusative masculine plural)
Persisċan (accusative feminine plural)
Persisċan (accusative neuter plural)
Persisċra (genitive masculine plural)
Persisċena (genitive masculine plural)
Persisċra (feminine genitive plural)
Persisċena (feminine genitive plural)
Persisċra (genitive neuter plural)
Persisċena (genitive neuter plural)
Persisċum (dative masculine plural)
Persisċum (dative feminine plural)
Persisċum (dative neuter plural)
Persisċum (instrumental masculine plural)
Persisċum (feminine instrumental plural)
Persisċum (instrumental neuter plural)


Sciþþia

Sciþþia (nominative singular)
Sciþþian (accusative singular)
Sciþþian (genitive singular)
Sciþþian (dative singular)

From Latin Scythia, from Ancient Greek Σκυθία (Skuthía).


Pulgara land

Equivalent to Pulgare (“the Bulgarians”) + land (“land”).


Persea rice

By surface analysis, Persēa (“of the Persians”) + rīċe (“empire”)

surf

late 9th century, translation of Orosius’ History Against the Pagans
Æfter him feng his sunu tō Persēa rīċe Xersis.

After him his son Xerxes took over the Persian Empire.


Persibulis

late 9th century, translation of Orosius’ History Against the Pagans
⁊ siþþan fōr on Perse ⁊ ġeēode Persibulis þā burg heora cynestōl, sēo is ġiet welegast ealra burg.

And subsequently he marched on the Persians and conquered the city of Persepolis, their capital, which is still the wealthiest of all cities.

Persepolis, capital of the Persian Empire