собака

sobaka (romanization)
собака (nominative singular)
собацѣ (dual nominative)
собакꙑ (nominative plural)
собакꙑ (genitive singular)
собаку (dual genitive)
собакъ (genitive plural)
собацѣ (dative singular)
собакама (dative dual)
собакамъ (dative plural)
собакѫ (accusative singular)
собацѣ (accusative dual)
собакꙑ (accusative plural)
собакоѭ (instrumental singular)
собакама (dual instrumental)
собаками (instrumental plural)
собацѣ (locative singular)
собаку (dual locative)
собакахъ (locative plural)
собако (singular vocative)
собацѣ (dual vocative)
собакꙑ (plural vocative)

desctree

Old Ruthenian: соба́ка (sobáka), саба́ка (sabáka) — Middle Belarusian
Belarusian: саба́ка (sabáka)
Carpathian Rusyn: соба́ка (sobáka) (rare)
Ukrainian: соба́ка (sobáka)
→ Polish: sobaka (dialectal)
→ Kashubian: sobaka

Russian: соба́ка (sobáka)
→ Aleut: sabaakax
→ Southern Yukaghir: тоуко (towko)


о

Old Ruthenian: о (o)

Carpathian Rusyn: о (o)

Ukrainian: о (o)

Russian: о (o)

From Proto-Slavic *o. Cognates include Old Church Slavonic о (o) and Old Polish o.

[Слово] нѣкоѥг[о] [калꙋ]г[е]ра· о чь[тѥнии кн]игъ⁖

The speech of a certain monk on the reading of books.

[Slovo] někojeg[o] [kalu]g[je]ra· o čĭ[tjenii kn]igŭ⁖


о

Old Ruthenian: о (o)

Belarusian: о (o)

Carpathian Rusyn: о (o)

Ukrainian: о (o)

Russian: о (o)

From Proto-Slavic *o. Cognates include Old Church Slavonic о (o) and Old Polish o.
Originally a natural expression. Compare Ancient Greek ὦ (ô), Latin ō, Old Irish a, Gothic 𐍉 (ō), Old Armenian ով (ov), Albanian o.

Used before a noun in the vocative; O...


а

Old Ruthenian: а (a)

Belarusian: а (a)

Carpathian Rusyn: а (a)

Ukrainian: а (a)

Russian: а (a) (see there for further descendants)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *a. Cognates include Old Church Slavonic а (a) and Old Polish a.


и

Old Ruthenian: и (i)

Belarusian: і (i), й (j)

Carpathian Rusyn: й (j)

Ukrainian: і (i), й (j)

Russian: и (i) (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Slavic *i. Cognates include Old Church Slavonic и (i) and Old Polish i.


и

i (romanization)
и (masculine nominative singular)
е (neuter nominative singular)
ꙗ (feminine nominative singular)
ꙗ (dual masculine nominative)
и (dual feminine neuter nominative)
и (masculine nominative plural)
ꙗ (neuter nominative plural)
ѣ (feminine nominative plural)
его (genitive masculine neuter singular)
еѣ (feminine genitive singular)
ею (dual genitive masculine neuter)
ею (dual feminine genitive)
ихъ (genitive masculine neuter plural)
ихъ (feminine genitive plural)
ему (dative masculine neuter singular)
еи (dative feminine singular)
има (dative dual masculine neuter)
ima (dative dual masculine neuter)
има (dative dual feminine)
ima (dative dual feminine)
имъ (dative masculine neuter plural)
имъ (dative feminine plural)
и (accusative masculine singular)
е (accusative neuter singular)
ю (accusative feminine singular)
ꙗ (accusative dual masculine)
и (accusative dual feminine neuter)
ѣ (accusative masculine plural)
ꙗ (accusative neuter plural)
ѣ (accusative feminine plural)
имь (instrumental masculine neuter singular)
ею (feminine instrumental singular)
има (dual instrumental masculine neuter)
ima (dual instrumental masculine neuter)
има (dual feminine instrumental)
ima (dual feminine instrumental)
ими (instrumental masculine neuter plural)
ими (feminine instrumental plural)
емь (locative masculine neuter singular)
еи (feminine locative singular)
ею (dual locative masculine neuter)
ею (dual feminine locative)
ихъ (locative masculine neuter plural)
ихъ (feminine locative plural)

From Proto-Slavic *jь. Cognates include Old Church Slavonic и (i).


и

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

nonlemma

(+ locative) Alternative form of въ (vŭ, “inside”)

(+ accusative) Alternative form of въ (vŭ, “into”)


у

Old Ruthenian: у (u)

Belarusian: у (u)

Carpathian Rusyn: у (u)

Ukrainian: у (u)

Russian: у (u)

Old Church Slavonic language
Old Polish language
Proto-Slavic language

From Proto-Slavic *u. Cognates include Old Church Slavonic оу (u) and Old Polish u.


у

Alternative form of въ (vŭ, “inside”) [with locative]

Alternative form of въ (vŭ, “into”) [with accusative]


да

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *da. Cognates include Old Church Slavonic да (da) and Old Polish da.

рече бо въ сьрдьци моѥмь съкрꙑхъ словеса твоꙗ да не съгрѣшѫ тебѣ·

For [one] said: In my heart I hid your words so' I won't commit a sin before you

reče bo vŭ sĭrdĭci mojemĭ sŭkryxŭ slovesa tvoja da ne sŭgrěšǫ tebě·


да

Old Ruthenian: да (da)

Belarusian: ды (dy)

Ukrainian: да (da)

Russian: да (da) (see there for further descendants)

Used to mark a subjunctive aspect: may...


озеро

ozero (romanization)
озеро (nominative singular)
озерѣ (dual nominative)
озера (nominative plural)
озера (genitive singular)
озеру (dual genitive)
озеръ (genitive plural)
озеру (dative singular)
озерома (dative dual)
озеромъ (dative plural)
озеро (accusative singular)
озерѣ (accusative dual)
озера (accusative plural)
озеръмь (instrumental singular)
озерома (dual instrumental)
озерꙑ (instrumental plural)
озерѣ (locative singular)
озеру (dual locative)
озерѣхъ (locative plural)
озеро (singular vocative)
озерѣ (dual vocative)
озера (plural vocative)
озоро (alternative)

Belarusian: во́зера (vózjera)

Carpathian Rusyn: о́зеро (ózero)

Russian: о́зеро (ózero), о́зер (ózer) (dialectal)

Ukrainian: о́зеро (ózero)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ȅzero, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *éźera. Doublet of езеро (jezero), a borrowing from Old Church Slavonic.


око

desctree

Old Ruthenian: о́ко (óko), во́ко (vóko)
Belarusian: во́ка (vóka)
Carpathian Rusyn: о́ко (óko), во́ко (vóko)
Ukrainian: о́ко (óko), во́ко (vóko); го́ко (hóko) (dialectal)

Russian: о́ко (óko) (dated, archaic)


слава

slava (romanization)
слава (nominative singular)
славѣ (dual nominative)
славꙑ (nominative plural)
славꙑ (genitive singular)
славу (dual genitive)
славъ (genitive plural)
славѣ (dative singular)
славама (dative dual)
славамъ (dative plural)
славѫ (accusative singular)
славѣ (accusative dual)
славꙑ (accusative plural)
славоѭ (instrumental singular)
славама (dual instrumental)
славами (instrumental plural)
славѣ (locative singular)
славу (dual locative)
славахъ (locative plural)
славо (singular vocative)
славѣ (dual vocative)
славꙑ (plural vocative)

Belarusian: сла́ва (sláva)

Russian: сла́ва (sláva)

Carpathian Rusyn: слава (slava)

Ukrainian: сла́ва (sláva)


бес

ни правьдникъ [съставить сѧ] бес почитаниꙗ книжьнааго

nor [can] a righteous person [be built] without a reading of the books

ni pravĭdnikŭ [sŭstavitĭ sę] bes počitanija knižĭnaago


дерево

derevo (romanization)
дерево (nominative singular)
деревѣ (dual nominative)
дерева (nominative plural)
дерева (genitive singular)
дереву (dual genitive)
деревъ (genitive plural)
дереву (dative singular)
деревома (dative dual)
деревомъ (dative plural)
дерево (accusative singular)
деревѣ (accusative dual)
дерева (accusative plural)
деревъмь (instrumental singular)
деревома (dual instrumental)
деревꙑ (instrumental plural)
деревѣ (locative singular)
дереву (dual locative)
деревѣхъ (locative plural)
дерево (singular vocative)
деревѣ (dual vocative)
дерева (plural vocative)

Belarusian: дзе́рава (dzjérava)

Russian: де́рево (dérevo)

Carpathian Rusyn: де́рево (dérevo)

Ukrainian: де́рево (dérevo)


баба

baba (romanization)
баба (nominative singular)
бабѣ (dual nominative)
бабꙑ (nominative plural)
бабꙑ (genitive singular)
бабу (dual genitive)
бабъ (genitive plural)
бабѣ (dative singular)
бабама (dative dual)
бабамъ (dative plural)
бабѫ (accusative singular)
бабѣ (accusative dual)
бабꙑ (accusative plural)
бабоѭ (instrumental singular)
бабама (dual instrumental)
бабами (instrumental plural)
бабѣ (locative singular)
бабу (dual locative)
бабахъ (locative plural)
бабо (singular vocative)
бабѣ (dual vocative)
бабꙑ (plural vocative)

Russian: ба́ба (bába)

Ukrainian: ба́ба (bába)


лошадь

head

лошадь (lošadĭ) f (related adjective лошадинъ, diminutive лошадька)

lošadĭ (romanization)
лошадинъ (adjective)
лошадька (diminutive)

desc

Old Ruthenian: ло́шадь (lóšadʹ), ло́шадъ (lóšad), ло́шатъ (lóšat)

Middle Russian: ло́шадь (lóšadʹ)

Russian: ло́шадь (lóšadʹ)

→ Belarusian: лошадзь (lóšadzʹ)

From лоша (loša) + -дь (-dĭ). The suffix is the same as in Old Church Slavonic ослѣдь (oslědĭ, “onager, wild ass”).


мати

mati (romanization)
мати (nominative singular)
матери (dual nominative)
матере (nominative plural)
матере (genitive singular)
матеру (dual genitive)
матеръ (genitive plural)
матери (dative singular)
матерьма (dative dual)
матерьмъ (dative plural)
матерь (accusative singular)
матери (accusative dual)
матери (accusative plural)
матерьѭ (instrumental singular)
матерьма (dual instrumental)
матерьми (instrumental plural)
матере (locative singular)
матеру (dual locative)
матерьхъ (locative plural)
мати (singular vocative)
матери (dual vocative)
матере (plural vocative)

Belarusian: ма́ці (máci)

Russian: мать (matʹ), ма́ти (máti) (archaic)

Carpathian Rusyn: ма́ти (máty)

Ukrainian: ма́ти (máty)


книга

head

книга (kniga) f (diminutive книжька, related adjective книжьнъ)

kniga (romanization)
книжька (diminutive)
книжьнъ (adjective)
книга (nominative singular)
книзѣ (dual nominative)
книгꙑ (nominative plural)
книгꙑ (genitive singular)
книгу (dual genitive)
книгъ (genitive plural)
книзѣ (dative singular)
книгама (dative dual)
книгамъ (dative plural)
книгѫ (accusative singular)
книзѣ (accusative dual)
книгꙑ (accusative plural)
книгоѭ (instrumental singular)
книгама (dual instrumental)
книгами (instrumental plural)
книзѣ (locative singular)
книгу (dual locative)
книгахъ (locative plural)
книго (singular vocative)
книзѣ (dual vocative)
книгꙑ (plural vocative)

ѥгда чьтеши книгꙑ· не тъштисѧ бърꙁо иштисти до дроугыꙗ главиꙁнꙑ·

when you read books, don't strive to quickly read on to the following chapter.

jegda čĭteši knigy· ne tŭštisę bŭrzo ištisti do drugyja glavizny·


не

Old Ruthenian: не (ne)

Belarusian: не (nje)

Carpathian Rusyn: не (ne)

Ukrainian: не (ne)

Russian: не (ne)

From Proto-Slavic *ne. Cognates include Old Church Slavonic не (ne) and Old Polish nie.

не рече оустꙑ тъчью иꙁгл҃аахъ·

He didn't say: I just pronounced [them] with [my] mouth;


вода

вода (voda) f (related adjective водьнъ)

voda (romanization)
водьнъ (adjective)
вода (nominative singular)
водѣ (dual nominative)
водꙑ (nominative plural)
водꙑ (genitive singular)
воду (dual genitive)
водъ (genitive plural)
водѣ (dative singular)
водама (dative dual)
водамъ (dative plural)
водѫ (accusative singular)
водѣ (accusative dual)
водꙑ (accusative plural)
водоѭ (instrumental singular)
водама (dual instrumental)
водами (instrumental plural)
водѣ (locative singular)
воду (dual locative)
водахъ (locative plural)
водо (singular vocative)
водѣ (dual vocative)
водꙑ (plural vocative)

Old Ruthenian: вода́ (vodá)

Belarusian: вада́ (vadá)

Carpathian Rusyn: вода́ (vodá)

Ukrainian: вода́ (vodá)

Russian: вода́ (vodá)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *vodà. Cognates include Old Church Slavonic вода (voda) and Old Polish woda.


слово

слово (slovo) n (diminutive словесьце, related adjective словесьнꙑи)

slovo (romanization)
словесьце (diminutive)
словесьнꙑи (adjective)
слово (nominative singular)
словесѣ (dual nominative)
словеса (nominative plural)
словесе (genitive singular)
словесу (dual genitive)
словесъ (genitive plural)
словеси (dative singular)
словесьма (dative dual)
словесьмъ (dative plural)
слово (accusative singular)
словесѣ (accusative dual)
словеса (accusative plural)
словесьмь (instrumental singular)
словесьма (dual instrumental)
словесꙑ (instrumental plural)
словеси (locative singular)
словесе (locative singular)
словесу (dual locative)
словесьхъ (locative plural)
слово (singular vocative)
словесѣ (dual vocative)
словеса (plural vocative)

Old Ruthenian: слово (slovo)

Belarusian: сло́ва (slóva)

Carpathian Rusyn: сло́во (slóvo)

Ukrainian: сло́во (slóvo)

Russian: сло́во (slóvo)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *slȍvo. Cognates include Old Church Slavonic слово (slovo) and Old Polish słowo.

нъ пораꙁоумѣи чьто гл҃ють книгꙑ и словеса та·

but understand what the books say and the words, too

nŭ porazuměi čĭto gl:jutĭ knigy i slovesa ta·


луна

luna (romanization)
луна (nominative singular)
лунѣ (dual nominative)
лунꙑ (nominative plural)
лунꙑ (genitive singular)
луну (dual genitive)
лунъ (genitive plural)
лунѣ (dative singular)
лунама (dative dual)
лунамъ (dative plural)
лунѫ (accusative singular)
лунѣ (accusative dual)
лунꙑ (accusative plural)
луноѭ (instrumental singular)
лунама (dual instrumental)
лунами (instrumental plural)
лунѣ (locative singular)
луну (dual locative)
лунахъ (locative plural)
луно (singular vocative)
лунѣ (dual vocative)
лунꙑ (plural vocative)

Russian: луна́ (luná)

Ukrainian: луна́ (luná, “echo”)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *lunà, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *láukšnāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *lówksneh₂.


жаба

žaba (romanization)
жаба (nominative singular)
жабѣ (dual nominative)
жабꙑ (nominative plural)
жабꙑ (genitive singular)
жабу (dual genitive)
жабъ (genitive plural)
жабѣ (dative singular)
жабама (dative dual)
жабамъ (dative plural)
жабѫ (accusative singular)
жабѣ (accusative dual)
жабꙑ (accusative plural)
жабоѭ (instrumental singular)
жабама (dual instrumental)
жабами (instrumental plural)
жабѣ (locative singular)
жабу (dual locative)
жабахъ (locative plural)
жабо (singular vocative)
жабѣ (dual vocative)
жабꙑ (plural vocative)

desctree

Old Ruthenian: жа́ба (žába)
Belarusian: жа́ба (žába)
Carpathian Rusyn: жа́ба (žába)
Ukrainian: жа́ба (žába)

Russian: жа́ба (žába)


кость

kostĭ (romanization)
кость (nominative singular)
кости (dual nominative)
кости (nominative plural)
кости (genitive singular)
костию (dual genitive)
костии (genitive plural)
кости (dative singular)
костьма (dative dual)
костьмъ (dative plural)
кость (accusative singular)
кости (accusative dual)
кости (accusative plural)
костиѭ (instrumental singular)
костьма (dual instrumental)
костьми (instrumental plural)
кости (locative singular)
костию (dual locative)
костьхъ (locative plural)
кости (singular vocative)
кости (dual vocative)
кости (plural vocative)

Belarusian: косць (koscʹ)

Russian: кость (kostʹ)

Carpathian Rusyn: кість (kistʹ)

Ukrainian: кість (kistʹ)


море

head

море (more) n (related adjective морьскъ)

more (romanization)
морьскъ (adjective)
море (nominative singular)
мори (dual nominative)
морꙗ (nominative plural)
морꙗ (genitive singular)
морю (dual genitive)
морь (genitive plural)
морю (dative singular)
морема (dative dual)
моремъ (dative plural)
море (accusative singular)
мори (accusative dual)
морꙗ (accusative plural)
морьмь (instrumental singular)
морема (dual instrumental)
мори (instrumental plural)
мори (locative singular)
морю (dual locative)
морихъ (locative plural)
море (singular vocative)
мори (dual vocative)
морꙗ (plural vocative)

desc

Old Ruthenian: мо́ре (móre), мо́рє (mórje)

Belarusian: мо́ра (móra)

Carpathian Rusyn: мо́ре (móre)

Ukrainian: мо́ре (móre)

Russian: мо́ре (móre) (see there for further descendants)

Taimyr Pidgin Russian: море (more), моря (morja)

по сєму жє морю сѣдѧть варѧзи сѣмо ко въстоку до прєдѣла симова.

1377, Dmitry of Suzdal, Laurentian Codex, page 2:

And along this sea the Varyags lived, and thence to the east up to the border of Sim.

po semu že morju sědętĭ varęzi sěmo ko vŭstoku do preděla simova.


нога

noga (romanization)
нога (nominative singular)
нозѣ (dual nominative)
ногꙑ (nominative plural)
ногꙑ (genitive singular)
ногу (dual genitive)
ногъ (genitive plural)
нозѣ (dative singular)
ногама (dative dual)
ногамъ (dative plural)
ногѫ (accusative singular)
нозѣ (accusative dual)
ногꙑ (accusative plural)
ногоѭ (instrumental singular)
ногама (dual instrumental)
ногами (instrumental plural)
нозѣ (locative singular)
ногу (dual locative)
ногахъ (locative plural)
ного (singular vocative)
нозѣ (dual vocative)
ногꙑ (plural vocative)

Belarusian: нага́ (nahá)

Russian: нога́ (nogá)

Carpathian Rusyn: нога́ (nohá)

Ukrainian: нога́ (nohá)


сука

head

су́ка (súka) f

су́ка (canonical feminine)
súka (romanization)

Old Ruthenian: *сука (*suka)

Belarusian: су́ка́ (súká)

Carpathian Rusyn: су́ка (súka)

Ukrainian: су́ка (súka); су́ля (súlja)

Russian: су́ка (súka)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sùka, further etymology unclear.


корабль

korablĭ (romanization)
корабль (nominative singular)
кораблꙗ (dual nominative)
корабли (nominative plural)
кораблꙗ (genitive singular)
кораблю (dual genitive)
корабль (genitive plural)
кораблю (dative singular)
кораблема (dative dual)
кораблемъ (dative plural)
корабль (accusative singular)
кораблꙗ (accusative dual)
кораблѣ (accusative plural)
корабльмь (instrumental singular)
кораблема (dual instrumental)
корабли (instrumental plural)
корабли (locative singular)
кораблю (dual locative)
кораблихъ (locative plural)
кораблю (singular vocative)
кораблꙗ (dual vocative)
корабли (plural vocative)

Old Ruthenian: корабль (korablʹ)

Belarusian: карабе́ль (karabjélʹ)

Carpathian Rusyn: корабе́ль (korabélʹ)

Ukrainian: корабе́ль (korabélʹ)

desc

Russian: кора́бль (koráblʹ), кора́бель (korábelʹ) (dialectal) (see there for further descendants)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *korabľь. Cognates include Old Church Slavonic корабль (korablĭ).

Не съставить бо сѧ корабль беꙁ гвоꙁдии


путь

putĭ (romanization)
путь (nominative singular)
пути (dual nominative)
путие (nominative plural)
пути (genitive singular)
путию (dual genitive)
путии (genitive plural)
пути (dative singular)
путьма (dative dual)
путьмъ (dative plural)
путь (accusative singular)
пути (accusative dual)
пути (accusative plural)
путьмь (instrumental singular)
путьма (dual instrumental)
путьми (instrumental plural)
пути (locative singular)
путию (dual locative)
путьхъ (locative plural)
пути (singular vocative)
пути (dual vocative)
путие (plural vocative)

Belarusian: пуць (pucʹ)

Russian: путь (putʹ)

Carpathian Rusyn: путь (putʹ)

Ukrainian: путь (putʹ)

From Proto-Slavic *pǫ̃tь, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *pántis, from Proto-Indo-European *póntoh₁s.


борода

boroda (romanization)
борода (nominative singular)
бородѣ (dual nominative)
бородꙑ (nominative plural)
бородꙑ (genitive singular)
бороду (dual genitive)
бородъ (genitive plural)
бородѣ (dative singular)
бородама (dative dual)
бородамъ (dative plural)
бородѫ (accusative singular)
бородѣ (accusative dual)
бородꙑ (accusative plural)
бородоѭ (instrumental singular)
бородама (dual instrumental)
бородами (instrumental plural)
бородѣ (locative singular)
бороду (dual locative)
бородахъ (locative plural)
бородо (singular vocative)
бородѣ (dual vocative)
бородꙑ (plural vocative)

Old Ruthenian: борода́ (borodá)

Middle Belarusian: борода (boroda)

Belarusian: барада́ (baradá)

Carpathian Rusyn: бо́рода (bóroda)

Ukrainian: борода́ (borodá)

Russian: борода́ (borodá)

From Proto-Slavic *bordà, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *bardā́ˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰardʰéh₂.


вино

vino (romanization)
вино (nominative singular)
винѣ (dual nominative)
вина (nominative plural)
вина (genitive singular)
вину (dual genitive)
винъ (genitive plural)
вину (dative singular)
винома (dative dual)
виномъ (dative plural)
вино (accusative singular)
винѣ (accusative dual)
вина (accusative plural)
винъмь (instrumental singular)
винома (dual instrumental)
винꙑ (instrumental plural)
винѣ (locative singular)
вину (dual locative)
винѣхъ (locative plural)
вино (singular vocative)
винѣ (dual vocative)
вина (plural vocative)

Old Ruthenian: вино́ (vinó)

Belarusian: віно́ (vinó)

Carpathian Rusyn: ви́но (výno)

Ukrainian: вино́ (vynó)

Russian: вино́ (vinó)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *vīnò (“wine”), from Latin vīnum.

inh+

новое вин добрило послалъ кнѧзю богоунка

amphora inscribed with “вин (12th c.)”, in Древнерусская эпиграфика [Old East Slavic epigraphy] (in Russian), http://epigrafika.ru, 2021—2025

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

novoje vin dobrilo poslalŭ knęzju bogunka


ночь

head

ночь (nočĭ) f

orv-noun

ночь (nočĭ) f

nočĭ (romanization)
ночь (nominative singular)
ночи (dual nominative)
ночи (nominative plural)
ночи (genitive singular)
ночию (dual genitive)
ночии (genitive plural)
ночи (dative singular)
ночьма (dative dual)
ночьмъ (dative plural)
ночь (accusative singular)
ночи (accusative dual)
ночи (accusative plural)
ночиѭ (instrumental singular)
ночьма (dual instrumental)
ночьми (instrumental plural)
ночи (locative singular)
ночию (dual locative)
ночьхъ (locative plural)
ночи (singular vocative)
ночи (dual vocative)
ночи (plural vocative)

Belarusian: ноч (noč)

Russian: ночь (nočʹ)

Carpathian Rusyn: нуч (nuč)

Ukrainian: ніч (nič)

night, nighttime (period of time from sundown to sunup)


есть

Old Ruthenian: єсть (jestʹ), *є (*je)

Ukrainian: єсть (jestʹ), є (je)

Belarusian: ёсць (joscʹ), ё (jo)

Russian: есть (jestʹ), ёсть (jostʹ)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *estь, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *esti, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti, verb form of *h₁ésti.

third-person singular present indicative of бꙑти (byti)


на

Old Ruthenian: на (na)

Belarusian: на (na)

Carpathian Rusyn: на (na)

Ukrainian: на (na)

Russian: на (na)

From Proto-Slavic *na. Cognates Ancient Greek ἀνά (aná, “on, up”).


на

ꙗзъ (first-person nominative personal pronoun singular)
ꙗ (first-person nominative personal pronoun singular)
азъ (first-person nominative personal pronoun singular)
тꙑ (nominative personal pronoun second-person singular)
мене (accusative first-person personal pronoun singular)
мѧ (accusative first-person personal pronoun singular)
тебе (accusative personal pronoun second-person singular)
тѧ (accusative personal pronoun second-person singular)
себе (accusative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
сѧ (accusative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
мене (first-person genitive personal pronoun singular)
тебе (genitive personal pronoun second-person singular)
себе (genitive personal pronoun reflexive singular)
мънѣ (first-person locative personal pronoun singular)
тобѣ (locative personal pronoun second-person singular)
собѣ (locative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
мънѣ (dative first-person personal pronoun singular)
ми (dative first-person personal pronoun singular)
тобѣ (dative personal pronoun second-person singular)
ти (dative personal pronoun second-person singular)
собѣ (dative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
си (dative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
мъноѭ (first-person instrumental personal pronoun singular)
тобоѭ (instrumental personal pronoun second-person singular)
собоѭ (instrumental personal pronoun reflexive singular)
мои (first-person personal possessive pronoun singular)
твои (personal possessive pronoun second-person singular)
свои (personal possessive pronoun reflexive singular)
вѣ (dual first-person nominative personal pronoun)
вꙑ (dual nominative personal pronoun second-person)
на (accusative dual first-person personal pronoun)
ва (accusative dual personal pronoun second-person)
себе (accusative dual personal pronoun reflexive)
сѧ (accusative dual personal pronoun reflexive)
наю (dual first-person genitive personal pronoun)
ваю (dual genitive personal pronoun second-person)
себе (dual genitive personal pronoun reflexive)
наю (dual first-person locative personal pronoun)
ваю (dual locative personal pronoun second-person)
собѣ (dual locative personal pronoun reflexive)
нама (dative dual first-person personal pronoun)
вама (dative dual personal pronoun second-person)
собѣ (dative dual personal pronoun reflexive)
си (dative dual personal pronoun reflexive)
нама (dual first-person instrumental personal pronoun)
вама (dual instrumental personal pronoun second-person)
собоѭ (dual instrumental personal pronoun reflexive)
нашь (dual first-person personal possessive pronoun)
вашь (dual personal possessive pronoun second-person)
свои (dual personal possessive pronoun reflexive)
мꙑ (first-person nominative personal plural pronoun)
вꙑ (nominative personal plural pronoun second-person)
насъ (accusative first-person personal plural pronoun)
нꙑ (accusative first-person personal plural pronoun)
васъ (accusative personal plural pronoun second-person)
вꙑ (accusative personal plural pronoun second-person)
себе (accusative personal plural pronoun reflexive)
сѧ (accusative personal plural pronoun reflexive)
насъ (first-person genitive personal plural pronoun)
васъ (genitive personal plural pronoun second-person)
себе (genitive personal plural pronoun reflexive)
насъ (first-person locative personal plural pronoun)
васъ (locative personal plural pronoun second-person)
собѣ (locative personal plural pronoun reflexive)
намъ (dative first-person personal plural pronoun)
нꙑ (dative first-person personal plural pronoun)
вамъ (dative personal plural pronoun second-person)
вꙑ (dative personal plural pronoun second-person)
собѣ (dative personal plural pronoun reflexive)
си (dative personal plural pronoun reflexive)
нами (first-person instrumental personal plural pronoun)
вами (instrumental personal plural pronoun second-person)
собоѭ (instrumental personal plural pronoun reflexive)
нашь (first-person personal plural possessive pronoun)
вашь (personal plural possessive pronoun second-person)
свои (personal plural possessive pronoun reflexive)


до

Old Ruthenian: до (do)

Belarusian: да (da)

Carpathian Rusyn: до (do)

Ukrainian: до (do)

Russian: до (do)

From Proto-Slavic *do. Cognates include Old Church Slavonic до (do) and Old Polish do.


мама

mama (romanization)
мама (nominative singular)
мамѣ (dual nominative)
мамꙑ (nominative plural)
мамꙑ (genitive singular)
маму (dual genitive)
мамъ (genitive plural)
мамѣ (dative singular)
мамама (dative dual)
мамамъ (dative plural)
мамѫ (accusative singular)
мамѣ (accusative dual)
мамꙑ (accusative plural)
мамоѭ (instrumental singular)
мамама (dual instrumental)
мамами (instrumental plural)
мамѣ (locative singular)
маму (dual locative)
мамахъ (locative plural)
мамо (singular vocative)
мамѣ (dual vocative)
мамꙑ (plural vocative)

desctree

Old Ruthenian: ма́ма (máma)
Belarusian: ма́ма (máma)
Carpathian Rusyn: ма́ма (máma)
Ukrainian: ма́ма (máma)

Middle Russian: ма́ма (máma)

Russian: ма́ма (máma)
→ Ingrian: mama

From Proto-Slavic *màma. First attested in the 17th century in Middle Russian.


же

Old Ruthenian: же (že)

Belarusian: жа (ža)

Carpathian Rusyn: же (že)

Ukrainian: же (že), ж (ž)

Russian: же (že), ж (ž)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *že. Cognates include Old Church Slavonic же (že) and Old Polish że.

рекоу же· оуꙁда коневи правитель ѥсть и въꙁдьржаниѥ·

But I say: A bridle is a leader to a horse and a restriction.

reku že· uzda konevi pravitelĭ jestĭ i vŭzdĭržanije·


правити

praviti (romanization)
правлѭ (first-person present singular)
правивѣ (dual first-person present)
правимъ (first-person plural present)
правиши (present second-person singular)
правита (dual present second-person)
правите (plural present second-person)
править (present singular third-person)
правита (dual present third-person)
правѧть (plural present third-person)
правихъ (aorist first-person singular)
правиховѣ (aorist dual first-person)
правихомъ (aorist first-person plural)
прави (aorist second-person singular)
прависта (aorist dual second-person)
прависте (aorist plural second-person)
прави (aorist singular third-person)
прависта (aorist dual third-person)
правиша (aorist plural third-person)
правихъ (first-person imperfect singular)
правиховѣ (dual first-person imperfect)
правихомъ (first-person imperfect plural)
правише (imperfect second-person singular)
прависта (dual imperfect second-person)
прависте (imperfect plural second-person)
правише (imperfect singular third-person)
прависта (dual imperfect third-person)
правихѫ (imperfect plural third-person)
правихѫть (imperfect plural third-person)
прави (imperative singular)
правита (dual imperative)
правите (imperative plural)
правивѣ (dual)
правимъ (plural)
правѧ
правимъ
правивъ
правленъ
L-Participle
правилъ
правити (infinitive)
правитъ (supine)

orv-conj

правихѫ, правихѫть

Old Ruthenian: пра́вити (práviti)

Belarusian: пра́віць (právicʹ)

Carpathian Rusyn: пра́вити (právyty)

Ukrainian: пра́вити (právyty)

Russian: пра́вить (právitʹ)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *praviti. By surface analysis, правъ (pravŭ, “right”) + -ити (-iti). Cognates include Old Church Slavonic правити (praviti) and Old Polish prawić.

surf

и пораꙁоумѣваꙗ оубо истиньнѣ писаниꙗ правимъ ѥсть ими·

And so understanding the writings to [their] truth he is governed by them;

i porazuměvaja ubo istinĭně pisanija pravimŭ jestĭ imi·


золото

zoloto (romanization)
золото (nominative singular)
золотѣ (dual nominative)
золота (nominative plural)
золота (genitive singular)
золоту (dual genitive)
золотъ (genitive plural)
золоту (dative singular)
золотома (dative dual)
золотомъ (dative plural)
золото (accusative singular)
золотѣ (accusative dual)
золота (accusative plural)
золотъмь (instrumental singular)
золотома (dual instrumental)
золотꙑ (instrumental plural)
золотѣ (locative singular)
золоту (dual locative)
золотѣхъ (locative plural)
золото (singular vocative)
золотѣ (dual vocative)
золота (plural vocative)

Belarusian: зо́лата (zólata)

Russian: зо́лото (zóloto)

Ukrainian: зо́лото (zóloto)

[…] и придосте къ стоборию золотьмь покръвеноу· и полаты зѣло славьны и красьны· и зьрѧштю созоменоу тамо·
[…] i pridoste kŭ stoboriju zolotĭmĭ pokrŭvenu· i polaty zělo slavĭny i krasĭny· i zĭręštju sozomenu tamo·

Иоанъ, editor (1076), “золотьмь”, in Изборник 1076 года [Izbornik of 1076], page 541 (271), line 1


зима

zima (romanization)
зима (nominative singular)
зимѣ (dual nominative)
зимꙑ (nominative plural)
зимꙑ (genitive singular)
зиму (dual genitive)
зимъ (genitive plural)
зимѣ (dative singular)
зимама (dative dual)
зимамъ (dative plural)
зимѫ (accusative singular)
зимѣ (accusative dual)
зимꙑ (accusative plural)
зимоѭ (instrumental singular)
зимама (dual instrumental)
зимами (instrumental plural)
зимѣ (locative singular)
зиму (dual locative)
зимахъ (locative plural)
зимо (singular vocative)
зимѣ (dual vocative)
зимꙑ (plural vocative)

Old Ruthenian: зима (zima)

Belarusian: зіма́ (zimá)

Carpathian Rusyn: зи́ма (zýma)

Ukrainian: зима́ (zymá)

Russian: зима́ (zimá)

From Proto-Slavic *zimà, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *źeimā́ˀ.


камень

kamenĭ (romanization)
камень (nominative singular)
камени (dual nominative)
камение (nominative plural)
камени (genitive singular)
камению (dual genitive)
камении (genitive plural)
камени (dative singular)
каменьма (dative dual)
каменьмъ (dative plural)
камень (accusative singular)
камени (accusative dual)
камени (accusative plural)
каменьмь (instrumental singular)
каменьма (dual instrumental)
каменьми (instrumental plural)
камени (locative singular)
камению (dual locative)
каменьхъ (locative plural)
камени (singular vocative)
камени (dual vocative)
камение (plural vocative)

Originally the accusative of камꙑ (kamy), reanalysed as a nominative in later texts.


камень

head

камень (kamenĭ)


осень

osenĭ (romanization)
осень (nominative singular)
осени (dual nominative)
осени (nominative plural)
осени (genitive singular)
осению (dual genitive)
осении (genitive plural)
осени (dative singular)
осеньма (dative dual)
осеньмъ (dative plural)
осень (accusative singular)
осени (accusative dual)
осени (accusative plural)
осениѭ (instrumental singular)
осеньма (dual instrumental)
осеньми (instrumental plural)
осени (locative singular)
осению (dual locative)
осеньхъ (locative plural)
осени (singular vocative)
осени (dual vocative)
осени (plural vocative)

Belarusian: во́сень (vósjenʹ)

Russian: о́сень (ósenʹ)

Carpathian Rusyn: осї́нь (osjínʹ)

Ukrainian: о́сінь (ósinʹ)

From Proto-Slavic *esenь. Doublet of есень (jesenĭ), a borrowing from Old Church Slavonic.


король

korolĭ (romanization)
король (nominative singular)
королꙗ (dual nominative)
короли (nominative plural)
королꙗ (genitive singular)
королю (dual genitive)
король (genitive plural)
королю (dative singular)
королема (dative dual)
королемъ (dative plural)
король (accusative singular)
королꙗ (accusative dual)
королѣ (accusative plural)
корольмь (instrumental singular)
королема (dual instrumental)
короли (instrumental plural)
короли (locative singular)
королю (dual locative)
королихъ (locative plural)
королю (singular vocative)
королꙗ (dual vocative)
короли (plural vocative)

desctree

Old Ruthenian: коро́ль (korólʹ)
Belarusian: каро́ль (karólʹ)
Carpathian Rusyn: коро́ль (korólʹ)
Ukrainian: коро́ль (korólʹ)
→ Old Lithuanian: karãlius
Lithuanian: karãlius
→ Latvian: karalis

Russian: коро́ль (korólʹ)
→ Kazakh: король (korol)
→ Kyrgyz: король (korol)
→ Tatar: король (qorol’)
→ Turkmen: korol
→ Uzbek: korol


чаша

head

чаша (čaša) f

orv-noun

чаша (čaša) f

Belarusian: ча́ша (čáša)

Russian: ча́ша (čáša)

Ukrainian: чаша (čaša)


корова

korova (romanization)
корова (nominative singular)
коровѣ (dual nominative)
коровꙑ (nominative plural)
коровꙑ (genitive singular)
корову (dual genitive)
коровъ (genitive plural)
коровѣ (dative singular)
коровама (dative dual)
коровамъ (dative plural)
коровѫ (accusative singular)
коровѣ (accusative dual)
коровꙑ (accusative plural)
коровоѭ (instrumental singular)
коровама (dual instrumental)
коровами (instrumental plural)
коровѣ (locative singular)
корову (dual locative)
коровахъ (locative plural)
корово (singular vocative)
коровѣ (dual vocative)
коровꙑ (plural vocative)

Old Ruthenian: коро́ва (koróva)

Belarusian: каро́ва (karóva)

Carpathian Rusyn: коро́ва (koróva)

Ukrainian: коро́ва (koróva)

desctree

Russian: коро́ва (koróva)
→ Southern Yukaghir: хоробо (qorobo)
→ Yup'ik: kuluvaaq

From Proto-Slavic *korva, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂- (“horn”).


пизда

pizda (romanization)
пизда (nominative singular)
пиздѣ (dual nominative)
пиздꙑ (nominative plural)
пиздꙑ (genitive singular)
пизду (dual genitive)
пиздъ (genitive plural)
пиздѣ (dative singular)
пиздама (dative dual)
пиздамъ (dative plural)
пиздѫ (accusative singular)
пиздѣ (accusative dual)
пиздꙑ (accusative plural)
пиздоѭ (instrumental singular)
пиздама (dual instrumental)
пиздами (instrumental plural)
пиздѣ (locative singular)
пизду (dual locative)
пиздахъ (locative plural)
пиздо (singular vocative)
пиздѣ (dual vocative)
пиздꙑ (plural vocative)

Middle Russian: пизда́ (pizdá)

Russian: пизда́ (pizdá), 3.14зда (3.14zda)
→ Mongolian: пизда (pizda)
→ Ukrainian: пізда́ (pizdá)

Old Ruthenian: *пизда́ (*pizdá)
Belarusian: пізда́ (pizdá)
Carpathian Rusyn: пизда́ (pyzdá)
Ukrainian: пизда́ (pyzdá)

PIE word
 *písdeh₂
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *pīzdà (“vulva”). Cognate with Old Novgorodian пиꙁда (pizda).
First attested in the second half of the 11th century as пиꙁъда (pizŭda) in an inscription on a stone in Saint Sophia Cathedral in Polotsk, Belarus.

etydate

… дъ пиꙁдꙑ

Gippius, A. A., Sichinava, D. V. (2021) “Поправки и замечания к чтению ранее опубликованных берестяных грамот (НГБ. Т. 13)]”, in Русский язык в научном освещении [Russian Language and Linguistic Theory] (in Russian), number 2, Moscow: Russian Language Institute, →DOI, →ISSN, page 245

Saint Sophia Cathedral in Polotsk
be:Іна Леанідаўна Калечыц


тьма

tĭma (romanization)
тьма (nominative singular)
тьмѣ (dual nominative)
тьмꙑ (nominative plural)
тьмꙑ (genitive singular)
тьму (dual genitive)
тьмъ (genitive plural)
тьмѣ (dative singular)
тьмама (dative dual)
тьмамъ (dative plural)
тьмѫ (accusative singular)
тьмѣ (accusative dual)
тьмꙑ (accusative plural)
тьмоѭ (instrumental singular)
тьмама (dual instrumental)
тьмами (instrumental plural)
тьмѣ (locative singular)
тьму (dual locative)
тьмахъ (locative plural)
тьмо (singular vocative)
тьмѣ (dual vocative)
тьмꙑ (plural vocative)
тма (alternative)
тъма (alternative)

Old Ruthenian: тьма (tʹma)

Belarusian: цьма (cʹma)

Ukrainian: тьма (tʹma)

Russian: тьма (tʹma)

From Proto-Slavic *tьma. Cognates include Old Church Slavonic тьма (tĭma) and Old Polish ćma.


тьма

Old Ruthenian: тьма (tʹma)

Ukrainian: тьма (tʹma)

Russian: тьма (tʹma)

Borrowed from a Mongolic language (compare Mongolian түм (tüm)). Cognate with Old Church Slavonic тьма (tĭma).


страна

strana (romanization)
страна (nominative singular)
странѣ (dual nominative)
странꙑ (nominative plural)
странꙑ (genitive singular)
страну (dual genitive)
странъ (genitive plural)
странѣ (dative singular)
странама (dative dual)
странамъ (dative plural)
странѫ (accusative singular)
странѣ (accusative dual)
странꙑ (accusative plural)
страноѭ (instrumental singular)
странама (dual instrumental)
странами (instrumental plural)
странѣ (locative singular)
страну (dual locative)
странахъ (locative plural)
страно (singular vocative)
странѣ (dual vocative)
странꙑ (plural vocative)

Russian: страна́ (straná)

Learned borrowing from Old Church Slavonic страна (strana), from Proto-Slavic *storna.

lbor

Афету же ꙗша^с полунощнꙑꙗ странꙑ и ꙁападнꙑꙗ.

And Japheth was given the northern lands and the western.

Afetu že jašaˢ polunoščnyja strany i zapadnyja.


деревнꙗ

desctree

Old Ruthenian: дере́внꙗ (derévnja, “village; lumber, timber”)
Belarusian: дзярэ́ўня (dzjaréŭnja, “village”)
Ukrainian: дере́вня (derévnja, “forest used for construction”)

Russian: дере́вня (derévnja, “village”), дерёвня (derjóvnja) — dialectal or slang
→ Kazakh: деревня (derevnä)
→ Komi-Yazva: диревня (ďirevńa)
→ Kyrgyz: деревня (derevnya)
→ Southern Altai: деремне (deremne)
→ Yakut: дэриэбинэ (deriebine)

→ Polish: derewnia (“village”)

/dɛˈrɛʋɪnʲɑ/

/dʲɛˈrʲɛʋʲɪnʲa/

/dʲɛˈrʲɛːʋʲnʲa/

/dɛˈrɛʋɪnʲɑ/

/dʲɛˈrʲɛʋʲɪnʲa/

/dʲɛˈrʲɛːʋʲnʲa/

Alternative form of деревьнꙗ (derevĭnja)


кто

кто въ києвѣ нача первѣє кнѧжит и ѿкуду рускаꙗ ꙁемлѧ стала єсть⁘

1377, Dmitry of Suzdal, Laurentian Codex, page 1:

Who in Kiev first started to reign and whence the Russian land has started to be.

kto vŭ kijevě nača pervěje knęžit i otŭkudu ruskaja zemlę stala jestĭ⁘


гость

gostĭ (romanization)
гость (nominative singular)
гости (dual nominative)
гостие (nominative plural)
гости (genitive singular)
гостию (dual genitive)
гостии (genitive plural)
гости (dative singular)
гостьма (dative dual)
гостьмъ (dative plural)
гость (accusative singular)
гости (accusative dual)
гости (accusative plural)
гостьмь (instrumental singular)
гостьма (dual instrumental)
гостьми (instrumental plural)
гости (locative singular)
гостию (dual locative)
гостьхъ (locative plural)
гости (singular vocative)
гости (dual vocative)
гостие (plural vocative)

Belarusian: госць (hoscʹ)

Russian: гость (gostʹ)

Carpathian Rusyn: гость (hostʹ)

Ukrainian: гість (histʹ)

From Proto-Slavic *gȍstь, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *gástis, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰóstis.


олово

olovo (romanization)
олово (nominative singular)
оловѣ (dual nominative)
олова (nominative plural)
олова (genitive singular)
олову (dual genitive)
оловъ (genitive plural)
олову (dative singular)
оловома (dative dual)
оловомъ (dative plural)
олово (accusative singular)
оловѣ (accusative dual)
олова (accusative plural)
оловъмь (instrumental singular)
оловома (dual instrumental)
оловꙑ (instrumental plural)
оловѣ (locative singular)
олову (dual locative)
оловѣхъ (locative plural)
олово (singular vocative)
оловѣ (dual vocative)
олова (plural vocative)

Middle Belarusian: о́лово (ólovo), о́лов (ólov)

Belarusian: во́лава (vólava); во́лаво (vólavo), го́лово (hólovo) (dialectal)

Russian: о́лово (ólovo, “tin”); ловь (lovʹ) (dialectal)

Ukrainian: о́лово (ólovo, “tin”); го́луво (hóluvo) (obsolete)

either of the metals lead (black lead) or tin (white lead)


коса

kosa (romanization)
коса (nominative singular)
косѣ (dual nominative)
косꙑ (nominative plural)
косꙑ (genitive singular)
косу (dual genitive)
косъ (genitive plural)
косѣ (dative singular)
косама (dative dual)
косамъ (dative plural)
косѫ (accusative singular)
косѣ (accusative dual)
косꙑ (accusative plural)
косоѭ (instrumental singular)
косама (dual instrumental)
косами (instrumental plural)
косѣ (locative singular)
косу (dual locative)
косахъ (locative plural)
косо (singular vocative)
косѣ (dual vocative)
косꙑ (plural vocative)

Belarusian: каса́ (kasá)

Russian: коса́ (kosá)

→ Kildin Sami: коассь (kåss’)

Ukrainian: коса́ (kosá)


гора

gora (romanization)
гора (nominative singular)
горѣ (dual nominative)
горꙑ (nominative plural)
горꙑ (genitive singular)
гору (dual genitive)
горъ (genitive plural)
горѣ (dative singular)
горама (dative dual)
горамъ (dative plural)
горѫ (accusative singular)
горѣ (accusative dual)
горꙑ (accusative plural)
гороѭ (instrumental singular)
горама (dual instrumental)
горами (instrumental plural)
горѣ (locative singular)
гору (dual locative)
горахъ (locative plural)
горо (singular vocative)
горѣ (dual vocative)
горꙑ (plural vocative)

From Proto-Slavic *gora, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *garā́ˀ.


та

From Proto-Slavic *ta. Cognates include Old Church Slavonic та (ta).

нъ пораꙁоумѣи чьто гл҃ють книгꙑ и словеса та·


та

Old Ruthenian: та (ta)

Belarusian: та (ta)

Carpathian Rusyn: та (ta)

Ukrainian: та (ta)

→ Polish: ta (dialectal)

→ Slovak: ta (dialectal)

Russian: та (ta) (dialectal)


та

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

nonlemma

inflection of тъ (tŭ):
nominative singular feminine

inflection of тъ (tŭ):
nominative/accusative dual masculine

inflection of тъ (tŭ):
nominative/accusative plural neuter


ни

Old Ruthenian: ни (ni)

Belarusian: ні (ni)

Carpathian Rusyn: ни (ny)

Ukrainian: ні (ni)

Russian: ни (ni)

From Proto-Slavic *ni. Cognates include Old Church Slavonic ни (ni).

ни правьдникъ [съставить сѧ] бес почитаниꙗ книжьнааго


уста

usta (romanization)
уста (nominative plural)
устъ (genitive plural)
устомъ (dative plural)
уста (accusative plural)
устꙑ (instrumental plural)
устѣхъ (locative plural)
уста (plural vocative)

Old Ruthenian: уста (usta)

Carpathian Rusyn: уста́ (ustá)

Ukrainian: вуста́ (vustá), уста́ (ustá)

Russian: уста́ (ustá)

From Proto-Slavic *usta. Cognates include Old Church Slavonic оуста (usta) and Old Polish usta.

не рече оустꙑ тъчью иꙁгл҃аахъ·


бꙑти

byti (romanization)
есмь (first-person present singular)
есвѣ (dual first-person present)
есмъ (first-person plural present)
еси (present second-person singular)
еста (dual present second-person)
есте (plural present second-person)
есть (present singular third-person)
еста (dual present third-person)
сѫть (plural present third-person)
бꙑхъ (aorist first-person singular)
бѣхъ (aorist first-person singular)
бꙑховѣ (aorist dual first-person)
бѣховѣ (aorist dual first-person)
бꙑхомъ (aorist first-person plural)
бѣхомъ (aorist first-person plural)
бꙑ (aorist second-person singular)
бꙑсть (aorist second-person singular)
бѣ (aorist second-person singular)
бꙑста (aorist dual second-person)
бѣста (aorist dual second-person)
бꙑсте (aorist plural second-person)
бѣсте (aorist plural second-person)
бꙑ (aorist singular third-person)
бꙑсть (aorist singular third-person)
бѣ (aorist singular third-person)
бꙑста (aorist dual third-person)
бѣста (aorist dual third-person)
бꙑша (aorist plural third-person)
бѣша (aorist plural third-person)
бѣахъ (first-person imperfect singular)
бꙗхъ (first-person imperfect singular)
бѣаховѣ (dual first-person imperfect)
бꙗховѣ (dual first-person imperfect)
бѣахомъ (first-person imperfect plural)
бꙗхомъ (first-person imperfect plural)
бѣаше (imperfect second-person singular)
бꙗше (imperfect second-person singular)
бѣаста (dual imperfect second-person)
бꙗста (dual imperfect second-person)
бѣасте (imperfect plural second-person)
бꙗсте (imperfect plural second-person)
бѣаше (imperfect singular third-person)
бꙗше (imperfect singular third-person)
бѣаста (dual imperfect third-person)
бꙗста (dual imperfect third-person)
бѣаша (imperfect plural third-person)
бꙗша (imperfect plural third-person)
бꙗхѫ (imperfect plural third-person)
бѫди (imperative singular)
бѫдѣта (dual imperative)
бѫдѣте (imperative plural)
бѫдѣвѣ (dual)
бѫдѣмъ (plural)
сꙑ
бꙑвъ
L-Participle
бꙑлъ
бꙑти (infinitive)
бꙑтъ (supine)
бѫдѫ (first-person singular)
бѫдевѣ (dual first-person)
бѫдемъ (first-person plural)
бѫдеши (second-person singular)
бѫдета (dual second-person)
бѫдете (plural second-person)
бѫдеть (singular third-person)
бѫдета (dual third-person)
бѫдѫть (plural third-person)
бѫда

orv-conj

бꙑ, бꙑсть, бѣ

бꙑховѣ, бѣховѣ

бꙑста, бѣста

бꙑхомъ, бѣхомъ

бꙑсте, бѣсте

бѣаховѣ, бꙗховѣ

бѣаста, бꙗста

бѣахомъ, бꙗхомъ

бѣасте, бꙗсте

бѣаша, бꙗша, бꙗхѫ

Old Ruthenian: бы́ти (býti)

Belarusian: быць (bycʹ)

Carpathian Rusyn: бы́ти (bŷ́ty)

Ukrainian: бу́ти (búty)

Russian: быть (bytʹ)

From Proto-Slavic *byti. Cognates include Old Church Slavonic бꙑти (byti) and Old Polish być.

Добро есть, братиѥ, почѥтаньѥ книжьноѥ։ паче вьсѧкомоу хрьстьꙗноу·

The reading of books is good, brothers: more so for any Christian.

Dobro jestĭ, bratije, počjetanĭje knižĭnoje։ pače vĭsękomu xrĭstĭjanu·

ѿкуду єсть пошла рускаꙗ ꙁемѧ.

(auxiliary) With the l-participle, used to form the past tense.

(auxiliary, verb in the 3rd person singular, subject in the dative) to have to


поле

pole (romanization)
поле (nominative singular)
поли (dual nominative)
полꙗ (nominative plural)
полꙗ (genitive singular)
полю (dual genitive)
поль (genitive plural)
полю (dative singular)
полема (dative dual)
полемъ (dative plural)
поле (accusative singular)
поли (accusative dual)
полꙗ (accusative plural)
польмь (instrumental singular)
полема (dual instrumental)
поли (instrumental plural)
поли (locative singular)
полю (dual locative)
полихъ (locative plural)
поле (singular vocative)
поли (dual vocative)
полꙗ (plural vocative)

Belarusian: по́ле (pólje)

desctree

Russian: по́ле (póle)
→ Bezhta: полъе (polˢe)
→ Kildin Sami: поля (polja), поаля (pålja)
→ Komi-Zyrian: поле (poľe)
→ Ter Sami: пыэлле (pïellʼe)

Carpathian Rusyn: по́ле (póle)

Ukrainian: по́ле (póle)


рука

head

рука́ (ruká) f

orv-noun

рука́ (ruká) f

рука́ (canonical feminine)
ruká (romanization)

Belarusian: рука́ (ruká)

Russian: рука́ (ruká)

Carpathian Rusyn: рука (ruka)

Ukrainian: рука́ (ruká)

From Proto-Slavic *rǫkà, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ránkāˀ.


ми

mi (romanization)
ꙗзъ (first-person nominative personal pronoun singular)
ꙗ (first-person nominative personal pronoun singular)
азъ (first-person nominative personal pronoun singular)
тꙑ (nominative personal pronoun second-person singular)
мене (accusative first-person personal pronoun singular)
мѧ (accusative first-person personal pronoun singular)
тебе (accusative personal pronoun second-person singular)
тѧ (accusative personal pronoun second-person singular)
себе (accusative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
сѧ (accusative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
мене (first-person genitive personal pronoun singular)
тебе (genitive personal pronoun second-person singular)
себе (genitive personal pronoun reflexive singular)
мънѣ (first-person locative personal pronoun singular)
тобѣ (locative personal pronoun second-person singular)
собѣ (locative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
мънѣ (dative first-person personal pronoun singular)
ми (dative first-person personal pronoun singular)
тобѣ (dative personal pronoun second-person singular)
ти (dative personal pronoun second-person singular)
собѣ (dative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
си (dative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
мъноѭ (first-person instrumental personal pronoun singular)
тобоѭ (instrumental personal pronoun second-person singular)
собоѭ (instrumental personal pronoun reflexive singular)
мои (first-person personal possessive pronoun singular)
твои (personal possessive pronoun second-person singular)
свои (personal possessive pronoun reflexive singular)
вѣ (dual first-person nominative personal pronoun)
вꙑ (dual nominative personal pronoun second-person)
на (accusative dual first-person personal pronoun)
ва (accusative dual personal pronoun second-person)
себе (accusative dual personal pronoun reflexive)
сѧ (accusative dual personal pronoun reflexive)
наю (dual first-person genitive personal pronoun)
ваю (dual genitive personal pronoun second-person)
себе (dual genitive personal pronoun reflexive)
наю (dual first-person locative personal pronoun)
ваю (dual locative personal pronoun second-person)
собѣ (dual locative personal pronoun reflexive)
нама (dative dual first-person personal pronoun)
вама (dative dual personal pronoun second-person)
собѣ (dative dual personal pronoun reflexive)
си (dative dual personal pronoun reflexive)
нама (dual first-person instrumental personal pronoun)
вама (dual instrumental personal pronoun second-person)
собоѭ (dual instrumental personal pronoun reflexive)
нашь (dual first-person personal possessive pronoun)
вашь (dual personal possessive pronoun second-person)
свои (dual personal possessive pronoun reflexive)
мꙑ (first-person nominative personal plural pronoun)
вꙑ (nominative personal plural pronoun second-person)
насъ (accusative first-person personal plural pronoun)
нꙑ (accusative first-person personal plural pronoun)
васъ (accusative personal plural pronoun second-person)
вꙑ (accusative personal plural pronoun second-person)
себе (accusative personal plural pronoun reflexive)
сѧ (accusative personal plural pronoun reflexive)
насъ (first-person genitive personal plural pronoun)
васъ (genitive personal plural pronoun second-person)
себе (genitive personal plural pronoun reflexive)
насъ (first-person locative personal plural pronoun)
васъ (locative personal plural pronoun second-person)
собѣ (locative personal plural pronoun reflexive)
намъ (dative first-person personal plural pronoun)
нꙑ (dative first-person personal plural pronoun)
вамъ (dative personal plural pronoun second-person)
вꙑ (dative personal plural pronoun second-person)
собѣ (dative personal plural pronoun reflexive)
си (dative personal plural pronoun reflexive)
нами (first-person instrumental personal plural pronoun)
вами (instrumental personal plural pronoun second-person)
собоѭ (instrumental personal plural pronoun reflexive)
нашь (first-person personal plural possessive pronoun)
вашь (personal plural possessive pronoun second-person)
свои (personal plural possessive pronoun reflexive)
мънѣ (alternative)


си

si (romanization)
ꙗзъ (first-person nominative personal pronoun singular)
ꙗ (first-person nominative personal pronoun singular)
азъ (first-person nominative personal pronoun singular)
тꙑ (nominative personal pronoun second-person singular)
мене (accusative first-person personal pronoun singular)
мѧ (accusative first-person personal pronoun singular)
тебе (accusative personal pronoun second-person singular)
тѧ (accusative personal pronoun second-person singular)
себе (accusative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
сѧ (accusative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
мене (first-person genitive personal pronoun singular)
тебе (genitive personal pronoun second-person singular)
себе (genitive personal pronoun reflexive singular)
мънѣ (first-person locative personal pronoun singular)
тобѣ (locative personal pronoun second-person singular)
собѣ (locative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
мънѣ (dative first-person personal pronoun singular)
ми (dative first-person personal pronoun singular)
тобѣ (dative personal pronoun second-person singular)
ти (dative personal pronoun second-person singular)
собѣ (dative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
си (dative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
мъноѭ (first-person instrumental personal pronoun singular)
тобоѭ (instrumental personal pronoun second-person singular)
собоѭ (instrumental personal pronoun reflexive singular)
мои (first-person personal possessive pronoun singular)
твои (personal possessive pronoun second-person singular)
свои (personal possessive pronoun reflexive singular)
вѣ (dual first-person nominative personal pronoun)
вꙑ (dual nominative personal pronoun second-person)
на (accusative dual first-person personal pronoun)
ва (accusative dual personal pronoun second-person)
себе (accusative dual personal pronoun reflexive)
сѧ (accusative dual personal pronoun reflexive)
наю (dual first-person genitive personal pronoun)
ваю (dual genitive personal pronoun second-person)
себе (dual genitive personal pronoun reflexive)
наю (dual first-person locative personal pronoun)
ваю (dual locative personal pronoun second-person)
собѣ (dual locative personal pronoun reflexive)
нама (dative dual first-person personal pronoun)
вама (dative dual personal pronoun second-person)
собѣ (dative dual personal pronoun reflexive)
си (dative dual personal pronoun reflexive)
нама (dual first-person instrumental personal pronoun)
вама (dual instrumental personal pronoun second-person)
собоѭ (dual instrumental personal pronoun reflexive)
нашь (dual first-person personal possessive pronoun)
вашь (dual personal possessive pronoun second-person)
свои (dual personal possessive pronoun reflexive)
мꙑ (first-person nominative personal plural pronoun)
вꙑ (nominative personal plural pronoun second-person)
насъ (accusative first-person personal plural pronoun)
нꙑ (accusative first-person personal plural pronoun)
васъ (accusative personal plural pronoun second-person)
вꙑ (accusative personal plural pronoun second-person)
себе (accusative personal plural pronoun reflexive)
сѧ (accusative personal plural pronoun reflexive)
насъ (first-person genitive personal plural pronoun)
васъ (genitive personal plural pronoun second-person)
себе (genitive personal plural pronoun reflexive)
насъ (first-person locative personal plural pronoun)
васъ (locative personal plural pronoun second-person)
собѣ (locative personal plural pronoun reflexive)
намъ (dative first-person personal plural pronoun)
нꙑ (dative first-person personal plural pronoun)
вамъ (dative personal plural pronoun second-person)
вꙑ (dative personal plural pronoun second-person)
собѣ (dative personal plural pronoun reflexive)
си (dative personal plural pronoun reflexive)
нами (first-person instrumental personal plural pronoun)
вами (instrumental personal plural pronoun second-person)
собоѭ (instrumental personal plural pronoun reflexive)
нашь (first-person personal plural possessive pronoun)
вашь (personal plural possessive pronoun second-person)
свои (personal plural possessive pronoun reflexive)
собѣ (alternative)


туча

tuča (romanization)
туча (nominative singular)
тучи (dual nominative)
тучѣ (nominative plural)
тучѣ (genitive singular)
тучу (dual genitive)
тучь (genitive plural)
тучи (dative singular)
тучама (dative dual)
тучамъ (dative plural)
тучѫ (accusative singular)
тучи (accusative dual)
тучѣ (accusative plural)
тучеѭ (instrumental singular)
тучама (dual instrumental)
тучами (instrumental plural)
тучи (locative singular)
тучу (dual locative)
тучахъ (locative plural)
туче (singular vocative)
тучи (dual vocative)
тучѣ (plural vocative)

Ukrainian: ту́ча (túča)

Russian: ту́ча (túča)


оружие

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *orǫžьje, from *orǫga / *orǫžь.


печь

head

печь (pečĭ) f

orv-noun

печь (pečĭ) f

pečĭ (romanization)
печь (nominative singular)
печи (dual nominative)
печи (nominative plural)
печи (genitive singular)
печию (dual genitive)
печии (genitive plural)
печи (dative singular)
печьма (dative dual)
печьмъ (dative plural)
печь (accusative singular)
печи (accusative dual)
печи (accusative plural)
печиѭ (instrumental singular)
печьма (dual instrumental)
печьми (instrumental plural)
печи (locative singular)
печию (dual locative)
печьхъ (locative plural)
печи (singular vocative)
печи (dual vocative)
печи (plural vocative)

Belarusian: печ (pječ)

Russian: печь (pečʹ) (see there for further descendants)

Carpathian Rusyn: піч (pič)

Ukrainian: піч (pič)

From Proto-Slavic *pȅťь, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *péktis, from Proto-Indo-European *pékʷtis, from *pekʷ-. Cognates include Old Church Slavonic пещь (peštĭ) and Old Polish piec.


часть

head

часть (častĭ) f

orv-noun

часть (častĭ) f

častĭ (romanization)
часть (nominative singular)
части (dual nominative)
части (nominative plural)
части (genitive singular)
частию (dual genitive)
частии (genitive plural)
части (dative singular)
частьма (dative dual)
частьмъ (dative plural)
часть (accusative singular)
части (accusative dual)
части (accusative plural)
частиѭ (instrumental singular)
частьма (dual instrumental)
частьми (instrumental plural)
части (locative singular)
частию (dual locative)
частьхъ (locative plural)
части (singular vocative)
части (dual vocative)
части (plural vocative)


конь

head

конь (konĭ) m (related adjective коньнъ or коньскъ)

konĭ (romanization)
коньнъ (adjective)
коньскъ (adjective)
конь (nominative singular)
конꙗ (dual nominative)
кони (nominative plural)
конꙗ (genitive singular)
коню (dual genitive)
конь (genitive plural)
коню (dative singular)
конема (dative dual)
конемъ (dative plural)
конь (accusative singular)
конꙗ (accusative dual)
конѣ (accusative plural)
коньмь (instrumental singular)
конема (dual instrumental)
кони (instrumental plural)
кони (locative singular)
коню (dual locative)
конихъ (locative plural)
коню (singular vocative)
конꙗ (dual vocative)
кони (plural vocative)

desctree

Old Ruthenian: конь (konʹ)
Belarusian: конь (konʹ)
Middle Ukrainian: кѡнь (kônʹ), кунь (kunʹ), кюнь (kjunʹ), кѣнь (kinʹ)
Carpathian Rusyn: кӱнь (künʹ); кінь (kinʹ) (Lemko, Prešov)
Ukrainian: кінь (kinʹ); кунь (kunʹ) (dialectal)

Russian: конь (konʹ)
→ Yup'ik: kuuniq

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kòňь. Cognates include Old Church Slavonic конь (konĭ) and Old Polish kóń.

рекоу же· оуꙁда коневи правитель ѥсть и въꙁдьржаниѥ·


слуга

head

слуга́ (slugá) m

orv-noun

слуга́ (slugá) m

слуга́ (canonical masculine)
slugá (romanization)

Belarusian: слуга́ (sluhá)

Russian: слуга́ (slugá)

Ukrainian: слуга́ (sluhá)


домъ

domŭ (romanization)
домъ (nominative singular)
домꙑ (dual nominative)
домове (nominative plural)
дому (genitive singular)
домову (dual genitive)
домовъ (genitive plural)
домови (dative singular)
дому (dative singular)
домъма (dative dual)
домъмъ (dative plural)
домъ (accusative singular)
домꙑ (accusative dual)
домꙑ (accusative plural)
домъмь (instrumental singular)
домъма (dual instrumental)
домъми (instrumental plural)
дому (locative singular)
домову (dual locative)
домъхъ (locative plural)
домъ (singular vocative)
домꙑ (dual vocative)
домове (plural vocative)

desc

Old Ruthenian: домъ (dom), дѡмъ (dôm), думъ (dum)

Belarusian: дом (dom)

Carpathian Rusyn: дӱм (düm); дом (dom)

Ukrainian: дім (dim)

Middle Russian: домъ (dom)

Russian: дом (dom)

домъ къ дому́.


одинъ

head

одинъ (odinŭ)

desctree

Old Ruthenian: оди́нъ (odín), ади́нъ (adín) — Middle Belarusian
Belarusian: адзі́н (adzín)
Ukrainian: оди́н (odýn); оде́н (odén), йоде́н (jodén), їде́н (jidén) (dialectal)

Russian: оди́н (odín)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *edìnъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *edīˀnas, from *aiˀnas, from Proto-Indo-European *óy(H)nos. Cognate with Old Church Slavonic единъ (edinŭ).


гроза

groza (romanization)
гроза (nominative singular)
грозѣ (dual nominative)
грозꙑ (nominative plural)
грозꙑ (genitive singular)
грозу (dual genitive)
грозъ (genitive plural)
грозѣ (dative singular)
грозама (dative dual)
грозамъ (dative plural)
грозѫ (accusative singular)
грозѣ (accusative dual)
грозꙑ (accusative plural)
грозоѭ (instrumental singular)
грозама (dual instrumental)
грозами (instrumental plural)
грозѣ (locative singular)
грозу (dual locative)
грозахъ (locative plural)
грозо (singular vocative)
грозѣ (dual vocative)
грозꙑ (plural vocative)

Belarusian: граза́ (hrazá)

Russian: гроза́ (grozá)

Ukrainian: гроза́ (hrozá)


бити

biti (romanization)
бьѭ (first-person present singular)
бьевѣ (dual first-person present)
бьемъ (first-person plural present)
бьеши (present second-person singular)
бьета (dual present second-person)
бьете (plural present second-person)
бьеть (present singular third-person)
бьета (dual present third-person)
бьѭть (plural present third-person)
бихъ (aorist first-person singular)
биховѣ (aorist dual first-person)
бихомъ (aorist first-person plural)
би (aorist second-person singular)
биста (aorist dual second-person)
бисте (aorist plural second-person)
би (aorist singular third-person)
биста (aorist dual third-person)
биша (aorist plural third-person)
бихъ (first-person imperfect singular)
биховѣ (dual first-person imperfect)
бихомъ (first-person imperfect plural)
бише (imperfect second-person singular)
биста (dual imperfect second-person)
бисте (imperfect plural second-person)
бише (imperfect singular third-person)
биста (dual imperfect third-person)
бихѫ (imperfect plural third-person)
бихѫть (imperfect plural third-person)
бьи (imperative singular)
бьита (dual imperative)
бьите (imperative plural)
бьивѣ (dual)
бьимъ (plural)
бьѧ
бьемъ
бивъ
битъ
L-Participle
билъ
бити (infinitive)
битъ (supine)

orv-conj

бихѫ, бихѫть

Old Ruthenian: бити (biti)

Belarusian: біць (bicʹ)

Carpathian Rusyn: би́ти (býty)

Ukrainian: би́ти (býty)

Russian: бить (bitʹ)

From Proto-Slavic *biti, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *bī́ˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeyh₂-. Cognates include Old Church Slavonic бити (biti) and Old Polish bić.


лопата

Belarusian: лапа́та (lapáta)

Russian: лопа́та (lopáta)

Ukrainian: лопа́та (lopáta)


боль

bolĭ (romanization)
боль (nominative singular)
боли (dual nominative)
боли (nominative plural)
боли (genitive singular)
болию (dual genitive)
болии (genitive plural)
боли (dative singular)
больма (dative dual)
больмъ (dative plural)
боль (accusative singular)
боли (accusative dual)
боли (accusative plural)
болиѭ (instrumental singular)
больма (dual instrumental)
больми (instrumental plural)
боли (locative singular)
болию (dual locative)
больхъ (locative plural)
боли (singular vocative)
боли (dual vocative)
боли (plural vocative)

Belarusian: боль (bolʹ)

Russian: боль (bolʹ)

Ukrainian: біль (bilʹ)


бо

Old Ruthenian: бо (bo)

Belarusian: бо (bo)

Carpathian Rusyn: бо (bo)

Ukrainian: бо (bo)

From Proto-Slavic *bo. Cognates include Old Church Slavonic бо (bo) and Old Polish bo.

рече бо въ сьрдьци моѥмь съкрꙑхъ словеса твоꙗ да не съгрѣшѫ тебѣ·

For [one] said: In my heart I hid your words so I won't commit a sin before you


ва

va (romanization)
ꙗзъ (first-person nominative personal pronoun singular)
ꙗ (first-person nominative personal pronoun singular)
азъ (first-person nominative personal pronoun singular)
тꙑ (nominative personal pronoun second-person singular)
мене (accusative first-person personal pronoun singular)
мѧ (accusative first-person personal pronoun singular)
тебе (accusative personal pronoun second-person singular)
тѧ (accusative personal pronoun second-person singular)
себе (accusative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
сѧ (accusative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
мене (first-person genitive personal pronoun singular)
тебе (genitive personal pronoun second-person singular)
себе (genitive personal pronoun reflexive singular)
мънѣ (first-person locative personal pronoun singular)
тобѣ (locative personal pronoun second-person singular)
собѣ (locative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
мънѣ (dative first-person personal pronoun singular)
ми (dative first-person personal pronoun singular)
тобѣ (dative personal pronoun second-person singular)
ти (dative personal pronoun second-person singular)
собѣ (dative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
си (dative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
мъноѭ (first-person instrumental personal pronoun singular)
тобоѭ (instrumental personal pronoun second-person singular)
собоѭ (instrumental personal pronoun reflexive singular)
мои (first-person personal possessive pronoun singular)
твои (personal possessive pronoun second-person singular)
свои (personal possessive pronoun reflexive singular)
вѣ (dual first-person nominative personal pronoun)
вꙑ (dual nominative personal pronoun second-person)
на (accusative dual first-person personal pronoun)
ва (accusative dual personal pronoun second-person)
себе (accusative dual personal pronoun reflexive)
сѧ (accusative dual personal pronoun reflexive)
наю (dual first-person genitive personal pronoun)
ваю (dual genitive personal pronoun second-person)
себе (dual genitive personal pronoun reflexive)
наю (dual first-person locative personal pronoun)
ваю (dual locative personal pronoun second-person)
собѣ (dual locative personal pronoun reflexive)
нама (dative dual first-person personal pronoun)
вама (dative dual personal pronoun second-person)
собѣ (dative dual personal pronoun reflexive)
си (dative dual personal pronoun reflexive)
нама (dual first-person instrumental personal pronoun)
вама (dual instrumental personal pronoun second-person)
собоѭ (dual instrumental personal pronoun reflexive)
нашь (dual first-person personal possessive pronoun)
вашь (dual personal possessive pronoun second-person)
свои (dual personal possessive pronoun reflexive)
мꙑ (first-person nominative personal plural pronoun)
вꙑ (nominative personal plural pronoun second-person)
насъ (accusative first-person personal plural pronoun)
нꙑ (accusative first-person personal plural pronoun)
васъ (accusative personal plural pronoun second-person)
вꙑ (accusative personal plural pronoun second-person)
себе (accusative personal plural pronoun reflexive)
сѧ (accusative personal plural pronoun reflexive)
насъ (first-person genitive personal plural pronoun)
васъ (genitive personal plural pronoun second-person)
себе (genitive personal plural pronoun reflexive)
насъ (first-person locative personal plural pronoun)
васъ (locative personal plural pronoun second-person)
собѣ (locative personal plural pronoun reflexive)
намъ (dative first-person personal plural pronoun)
нꙑ (dative first-person personal plural pronoun)
вамъ (dative personal plural pronoun second-person)
вꙑ (dative personal plural pronoun second-person)
собѣ (dative personal plural pronoun reflexive)
си (dative personal plural pronoun reflexive)
нами (first-person instrumental personal plural pronoun)
вами (instrumental personal plural pronoun second-person)
собоѭ (instrumental personal plural pronoun reflexive)
нашь (first-person personal plural possessive pronoun)
вашь (personal plural possessive pronoun second-person)
свои (personal plural possessive pronoun reflexive)


нами

nami (romanization)
ꙗзъ (first-person nominative personal pronoun singular)
ꙗ (first-person nominative personal pronoun singular)
азъ (first-person nominative personal pronoun singular)
тꙑ (nominative personal pronoun second-person singular)
мене (accusative first-person personal pronoun singular)
мѧ (accusative first-person personal pronoun singular)
тебе (accusative personal pronoun second-person singular)
тѧ (accusative personal pronoun second-person singular)
себе (accusative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
сѧ (accusative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
мене (first-person genitive personal pronoun singular)
тебе (genitive personal pronoun second-person singular)
себе (genitive personal pronoun reflexive singular)
мънѣ (first-person locative personal pronoun singular)
тобѣ (locative personal pronoun second-person singular)
собѣ (locative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
мънѣ (dative first-person personal pronoun singular)
ми (dative first-person personal pronoun singular)
тобѣ (dative personal pronoun second-person singular)
ти (dative personal pronoun second-person singular)
собѣ (dative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
си (dative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
мъноѭ (first-person instrumental personal pronoun singular)
тобоѭ (instrumental personal pronoun second-person singular)
собоѭ (instrumental personal pronoun reflexive singular)
мои (first-person personal possessive pronoun singular)
твои (personal possessive pronoun second-person singular)
свои (personal possessive pronoun reflexive singular)
вѣ (dual first-person nominative personal pronoun)
вꙑ (dual nominative personal pronoun second-person)
на (accusative dual first-person personal pronoun)
ва (accusative dual personal pronoun second-person)
себе (accusative dual personal pronoun reflexive)
сѧ (accusative dual personal pronoun reflexive)
наю (dual first-person genitive personal pronoun)
ваю (dual genitive personal pronoun second-person)
себе (dual genitive personal pronoun reflexive)
наю (dual first-person locative personal pronoun)
ваю (dual locative personal pronoun second-person)
собѣ (dual locative personal pronoun reflexive)
нама (dative dual first-person personal pronoun)
вама (dative dual personal pronoun second-person)
собѣ (dative dual personal pronoun reflexive)
си (dative dual personal pronoun reflexive)
нама (dual first-person instrumental personal pronoun)
вама (dual instrumental personal pronoun second-person)
собоѭ (dual instrumental personal pronoun reflexive)
нашь (dual first-person personal possessive pronoun)
вашь (dual personal possessive pronoun second-person)
свои (dual personal possessive pronoun reflexive)
мꙑ (first-person nominative personal plural pronoun)
вꙑ (nominative personal plural pronoun second-person)
насъ (accusative first-person personal plural pronoun)
нꙑ (accusative first-person personal plural pronoun)
васъ (accusative personal plural pronoun second-person)
вꙑ (accusative personal plural pronoun second-person)
себе (accusative personal plural pronoun reflexive)
сѧ (accusative personal plural pronoun reflexive)
насъ (first-person genitive personal plural pronoun)
васъ (genitive personal plural pronoun second-person)
себе (genitive personal plural pronoun reflexive)
насъ (first-person locative personal plural pronoun)
васъ (locative personal plural pronoun second-person)
собѣ (locative personal plural pronoun reflexive)
намъ (dative first-person personal plural pronoun)
нꙑ (dative first-person personal plural pronoun)
вамъ (dative personal plural pronoun second-person)
вꙑ (dative personal plural pronoun second-person)
собѣ (dative personal plural pronoun reflexive)
си (dative personal plural pronoun reflexive)
нами (first-person instrumental personal plural pronoun)
вами (instrumental personal plural pronoun second-person)
собоѭ (instrumental personal plural pronoun reflexive)
нашь (first-person personal plural possessive pronoun)
вашь (personal plural possessive pronoun second-person)
свои (personal plural possessive pronoun reflexive)

Belarusian: намі (nami)

Russian: нами (nami)

Ukrainian: нами (namy)


вами

vami (romanization)
ꙗзъ (first-person nominative personal pronoun singular)
ꙗ (first-person nominative personal pronoun singular)
азъ (first-person nominative personal pronoun singular)
тꙑ (nominative personal pronoun second-person singular)
мене (accusative first-person personal pronoun singular)
мѧ (accusative first-person personal pronoun singular)
тебе (accusative personal pronoun second-person singular)
тѧ (accusative personal pronoun second-person singular)
себе (accusative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
сѧ (accusative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
мене (first-person genitive personal pronoun singular)
тебе (genitive personal pronoun second-person singular)
себе (genitive personal pronoun reflexive singular)
мънѣ (first-person locative personal pronoun singular)
тобѣ (locative personal pronoun second-person singular)
собѣ (locative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
мънѣ (dative first-person personal pronoun singular)
ми (dative first-person personal pronoun singular)
тобѣ (dative personal pronoun second-person singular)
ти (dative personal pronoun second-person singular)
собѣ (dative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
си (dative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
мъноѭ (first-person instrumental personal pronoun singular)
тобоѭ (instrumental personal pronoun second-person singular)
собоѭ (instrumental personal pronoun reflexive singular)
мои (first-person personal possessive pronoun singular)
твои (personal possessive pronoun second-person singular)
свои (personal possessive pronoun reflexive singular)
вѣ (dual first-person nominative personal pronoun)
вꙑ (dual nominative personal pronoun second-person)
на (accusative dual first-person personal pronoun)
ва (accusative dual personal pronoun second-person)
себе (accusative dual personal pronoun reflexive)
сѧ (accusative dual personal pronoun reflexive)
наю (dual first-person genitive personal pronoun)
ваю (dual genitive personal pronoun second-person)
себе (dual genitive personal pronoun reflexive)
наю (dual first-person locative personal pronoun)
ваю (dual locative personal pronoun second-person)
собѣ (dual locative personal pronoun reflexive)
нама (dative dual first-person personal pronoun)
вама (dative dual personal pronoun second-person)
собѣ (dative dual personal pronoun reflexive)
си (dative dual personal pronoun reflexive)
нама (dual first-person instrumental personal pronoun)
вама (dual instrumental personal pronoun second-person)
собоѭ (dual instrumental personal pronoun reflexive)
нашь (dual first-person personal possessive pronoun)
вашь (dual personal possessive pronoun second-person)
свои (dual personal possessive pronoun reflexive)
мꙑ (first-person nominative personal plural pronoun)
вꙑ (nominative personal plural pronoun second-person)
насъ (accusative first-person personal plural pronoun)
нꙑ (accusative first-person personal plural pronoun)
васъ (accusative personal plural pronoun second-person)
вꙑ (accusative personal plural pronoun second-person)
себе (accusative personal plural pronoun reflexive)
сѧ (accusative personal plural pronoun reflexive)
насъ (first-person genitive personal plural pronoun)
васъ (genitive personal plural pronoun second-person)
себе (genitive personal plural pronoun reflexive)
насъ (first-person locative personal plural pronoun)
васъ (locative personal plural pronoun second-person)
собѣ (locative personal plural pronoun reflexive)
намъ (dative first-person personal plural pronoun)
нꙑ (dative first-person personal plural pronoun)
вамъ (dative personal plural pronoun second-person)
вꙑ (dative personal plural pronoun second-person)
собѣ (dative personal plural pronoun reflexive)
си (dative personal plural pronoun reflexive)
нами (first-person instrumental personal plural pronoun)
вами (instrumental personal plural pronoun second-person)
собоѭ (instrumental personal plural pronoun reflexive)
нашь (first-person personal plural possessive pronoun)
вашь (personal plural possessive pronoun second-person)
свои (personal plural possessive pronoun reflexive)

Belarusian: вамі (vami)

Russian: вами (vami)

Ukrainian: вами (vamy)

instrumental of вꙑ (vy): with you (plural)


тебе

tebe (romanization)
ꙗзъ (first-person nominative personal pronoun singular)
ꙗ (first-person nominative personal pronoun singular)
азъ (first-person nominative personal pronoun singular)
тꙑ (nominative personal pronoun second-person singular)
мене (accusative first-person personal pronoun singular)
мѧ (accusative first-person personal pronoun singular)
тебе (accusative personal pronoun second-person singular)
тѧ (accusative personal pronoun second-person singular)
себе (accusative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
сѧ (accusative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
мене (first-person genitive personal pronoun singular)
тебе (genitive personal pronoun second-person singular)
себе (genitive personal pronoun reflexive singular)
мънѣ (first-person locative personal pronoun singular)
тобѣ (locative personal pronoun second-person singular)
собѣ (locative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
мънѣ (dative first-person personal pronoun singular)
ми (dative first-person personal pronoun singular)
тобѣ (dative personal pronoun second-person singular)
ти (dative personal pronoun second-person singular)
собѣ (dative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
си (dative personal pronoun reflexive singular)
мъноѭ (first-person instrumental personal pronoun singular)
тобоѭ (instrumental personal pronoun second-person singular)
собоѭ (instrumental personal pronoun reflexive singular)
мои (first-person personal possessive pronoun singular)
твои (personal possessive pronoun second-person singular)
свои (personal possessive pronoun reflexive singular)
вѣ (dual first-person nominative personal pronoun)
вꙑ (dual nominative personal pronoun second-person)
на (accusative dual first-person personal pronoun)
ва (accusative dual personal pronoun second-person)
себе (accusative dual personal pronoun reflexive)
сѧ (accusative dual personal pronoun reflexive)
наю (dual first-person genitive personal pronoun)
ваю (dual genitive personal pronoun second-person)
себе (dual genitive personal pronoun reflexive)
наю (dual first-person locative personal pronoun)
ваю (dual locative personal pronoun second-person)
собѣ (dual locative personal pronoun reflexive)
нама (dative dual first-person personal pronoun)
вама (dative dual personal pronoun second-person)
собѣ (dative dual personal pronoun reflexive)
си (dative dual personal pronoun reflexive)
нама (dual first-person instrumental personal pronoun)
вама (dual instrumental personal pronoun second-person)
собоѭ (dual instrumental personal pronoun reflexive)
нашь (dual first-person personal possessive pronoun)
вашь (dual personal possessive pronoun second-person)
свои (dual personal possessive pronoun reflexive)
мꙑ (first-person nominative personal plural pronoun)
вꙑ (nominative personal plural pronoun second-person)
насъ (accusative first-person personal plural pronoun)
нꙑ (accusative first-person personal plural pronoun)
васъ (accusative personal plural pronoun second-person)
вꙑ (accusative personal plural pronoun second-person)
себе (accusative personal plural pronoun reflexive)
сѧ (accusative personal plural pronoun reflexive)
насъ (first-person genitive personal plural pronoun)
васъ (genitive personal plural pronoun second-person)
себе (genitive personal plural pronoun reflexive)
насъ (first-person locative personal plural pronoun)
васъ (locative personal plural pronoun second-person)
собѣ (locative personal plural pronoun reflexive)
намъ (dative first-person personal plural pronoun)
нꙑ (dative first-person personal plural pronoun)
вамъ (dative personal plural pronoun second-person)
вꙑ (dative personal plural pronoun second-person)
собѣ (dative personal plural pronoun reflexive)
си (dative personal plural pronoun reflexive)
нами (first-person instrumental personal plural pronoun)
вами (instrumental personal plural pronoun second-person)
собоѭ (instrumental personal plural pronoun reflexive)
нашь (first-person personal plural possessive pronoun)
вашь (personal plural possessive pronoun second-person)
свои (personal plural possessive pronoun reflexive)
тѧ (alternative accusative)

Belarusian: цябе́ (cjabjé) (Possibly through blending with тѧ (tę))

Russian: тебя́ (tebjá) (Possibly through blending with тѧ (tę))

Ukrainian: тебе (tebe)

accusative of тꙑ (ty): you (singular), thee

genitive of тꙑ (ty): of you (singular), of thee


есте

Russian: е́сте (jéste) (obsolete)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *este, verb form of *byti. Akin to Old Church Slavonic есте (este).

second-person plural present indicative of бꙑти (byti); (you) are


Русь

desctree

Old Ruthenian: Русь f sg (Rusʹ)
Belarusian: Русь (Rusʹ)
Carpathian Rusyn: Русь (Rusʹ)
Ukrainian: Русь (Rusʹ)

Middle Russian: Русь f sg (Rusʹ)

Russian: Русь f sg (Rusʹ)

→ English: Rus

→ Arabic: رُوس (rūs)

→ Bulgar:

Chuvash: вырӑс (vyrăs)

→ Byzantine Greek: Ῥῶς m (Rhôs)

⇒ Byzantine Greek: Ῥωσία f (Rhōsía), Ῥωσσία (Rhōssía)
Greek: Ρωσία (Rosía)
→ Church Slavonic: Роусиꙗ (Rusija)
Bulgarian: Руси́я (Rusíja)
→ Medieval Latin: Rōssia
→ Russian: Росси́я (Rossíja) (see there for further descendants)
→ Old Ruthenian: Росїꙗ (Rosija), Россїꙗ (Rossija)
Belarusian: Расі́я (Rasíja); Расе́я (Rasjéja)
Carpathian Rusyn: Ро́сія (Rósija)
Ukrainian: Росі́я (Rosíja)

→ Kipchak: (/orus/)

desc

Armeno-Kipchak: Որուս sg (Orus, “Ruthenia”); որուս sg (orus, “a Ruthene; [attributively] Ruthenian”), ուրուս sg (urus)

Kazakh:

Arabic script: ورىس sg, ورىستار pl

Cyrillic script: орыс sg (orys), орыстар pl (orystar)

Kyrgyz:

Cyrillic script: орус sg (orus), орустар pl (orustar)

→ Hungarian: orosz sg, oroszok pl

→ Middle Mongol: 斡羅思 sg (/orus/), 斡魯速惕 pl (/orusud/)

Russia; a Russian, 􂀿attributively􂁀 Russian

Classical Mongolian: ᠣᠷᠤᠰ sg (orus, “Russia; a Russian, [attributively] Russian”)

Mongolian:

Cyrillic script: Орос sg (Oros, “Russia”); орос (oros, “a Russian, [attributively] Russian”), оросууд pl (orosuud, “Russians”)

Mongolian script: ᠣᠷᠤᠰ (orus, “Russia; a Russian, [attributively] Russian”), ᠣᠷᠤᠰᠤᠳ pl (orusud, “Russians”)

→ Buryat: ород sg (orod, “a Russian; [attributively] Russian”), ородууд pl (oroduud, “Russians”); Орос sg (Oros, “Russia”)

→ Khamnigan Mongol: орос sg (“a Russian; [attributively] Russian”), оросууд pl (“Russians”)

→ Dzongkha: ཨུ་རུ་སུ (u ru su)

desctree

→ Manchu: ᠣᡵᠣᠰ sg (oros)
→ Mandarin: 俄羅斯 /俄罗斯 (Éluósī)
→ Japanese: 俄羅斯(オロス) (Orosu), 俄羅斯(オロシャ) (Orosha) (dated, rare)
→ Korean: 아라사(俄羅斯) (Arasa) (obsolete)
→ Vietnamese: Nga La Tư (俄羅斯) (obsolete)

→ Tibetan: ཨུ་རུ་སུ (u ru su)

⇒ Medieval Latin: Russī m pl

→ Albanian: Rusi
→ Aromanian: Rusii

⇒ Medieval Latin: Russia f sg

→ Asturian: Rusia f sg

→ English: Russia sg

→ Hindi: रशिया f sg (raśiyā)

→ Malay: Rusia sg

→ Maori: Rūhia sg

→ Russian: Ра́ша f sg (Ráša)

→ Thai: รัสเซีย sg (rát-siia)

→ Ukrainian: Ра́ша f sg (Ráša)

→ French: Russie f sg

→ Galician: Rusia f sg

→ Indonesian: Rusia sg

→ Italian: Russia f sg

→ Norman: Russie f sg

→ Romanian: Rusia f sg

→ Spanish: Rusia f sg

→ Venetan: Rusia f sg

⇒ Medieval Latin: Russiānus

→ English: Russian

→ Middle High German: Rûz, Riuz, Riuze

desc

German: Russe m sg, Russen m pl; Russin f sg, Russinnen f pl

⇒ English: Russ sg or pl, Russes pl

Yiddish: רוס m sg (rus), רוסן m pl (rusn)

→ Polish: Ruś

Borrowed from Proto-Finnic *Rōtsi (“Swedes”), probably from Old Swedish Roþrin, the name of a region of Sweden lying opposite Finland (see Roden). Cognate with Finnish Ruotsi, Estonian Rootsi.

Hypatian Codex
Афетово же колѣно и то Варѧзи . Свеи . Оурманє . Готѣ . Русь . Аглѧнѣ . Галичанѣ . Волохове . Римлѧнѣ . Нѣмци . Корлѧзи . Венедици . Фрѧговѣ . и прочии присѣдѧть ѿ запада къ полуденью. и съсѣдѧтсѧ съ племенем̑ Хамовомъ.
Afetovo že kolěno i to Varęzi . Svei . Urmane . Gotě . Rusĭ . Aglęně . Galičaně . Voloxove . Rimlęně . Němci . Korlęzi . Venedici . Fręgově . i pročii prisědętĭ otŭ zapada kŭ poludenĭju. i sŭsědętsę sŭ plemenem̑ Xamovomŭ.
The offspring of Japheth were the Varangians, Swedes, Norsemen, Goths, Rusĭ, Angles, Galicians, Vlachs, Romans, Germans, Korlyazi ["Carolingians", i.e. Franks], Venetians, Fryazi [Italians, Genovese] and others. In the west they are ajacent to the southern countries, and neighbours with the Hamites.

Hypatian Codex s.a. 6370 (862)
идоша за море к Варѧгом̑ . к Руси . сіце бо звахуть . ты Варѧ̑гы Русь . ꙗко се друзии зовутсѧ Свеє . друзии же Оурмани . Аньглѧне . инѣи и Готе . тако и си ркоша.
idoša za more k Varęgom̑ . k Rusi . sice bo zvaxutĭ . ty Varę̑gy Rusĭ . jako se druzii zovutsę Sveje . druzii že Urmani . Anĭglęne . iněi i Gote . tako i si rkoša.
And they went overseas to the Varangians, to the Rusĭ. These particular Varangians were known as Rusĭ, just as some are called Swedes, and others Normans and Angles, and still others Gotlanders, for they were thus named.

(collectively) Name of a group of Varangians, the ruling class in the principalities of Rus.

(collectively) Inhabitants of Rus; East Slavic people.


береза

bereza (romanization)
береза (nominative singular)
березѣ (dual nominative)
березꙑ (nominative plural)
березꙑ (genitive singular)
березу (dual genitive)
березъ (genitive plural)
березѣ (dative singular)
березама (dative dual)
березамъ (dative plural)
березѫ (accusative singular)
березѣ (accusative dual)
березꙑ (accusative plural)
березоѭ (instrumental singular)
березама (dual instrumental)
березами (instrumental plural)
березѣ (locative singular)
березу (dual locative)
березахъ (locative plural)
березо (singular vocative)
березѣ (dual vocative)
березꙑ (plural vocative)

desctree

Old Ruthenian: бере́за (beréza), беро́за (beróza) — Middle Belarusian
Belarusian: бяро́за (bjaróza)
Carpathian Rusyn: бере́за (beréza)
Ukrainian: бере́за (beréza)
→ Yiddish: בערעזע (bereze)

Russian: берёза (berjóza)

→ Yiddish: בעריאָזע (beryoze)

From Proto-Slavic *bèrza. Cognates include Old Church Slavonic брѣза (brěza) and Old Polish brzoza.
Doublet of брѣза (brěza), a borrowing from Old Church Slavonic.


лѣто

lěto (romanization)
лѣто (nominative singular)
лѣтѣ (dual nominative)
лѣта (nominative plural)
лѣта (genitive singular)
лѣту (dual genitive)
лѣтъ (genitive plural)
лѣту (dative singular)
лѣтома (dative dual)
лѣтомъ (dative plural)
лѣто (accusative singular)
лѣтѣ (accusative dual)
лѣта (accusative plural)
лѣтъмь (instrumental singular)
лѣтома (dual instrumental)
лѣтꙑ (instrumental plural)
лѣтѣ (locative singular)
лѣту (dual locative)
лѣтѣхъ (locative plural)
лѣто (singular vocative)
лѣтѣ (dual vocative)
лѣта (plural vocative)

Old Ruthenian: лѣ́то (lě́to)

Belarusian: ле́та (ljéta)

Carpathian Rusyn: лї́то (ljíto)

Ukrainian: лі́то (líto)

Russian: ле́то (léto)

Се повѣсти времѧньнꙑ^х лѣ^т.


врагъ

vragŭ (romanization)
врагъ (nominative singular)
врага (dual nominative)
врази (nominative plural)
врага (genitive singular)
врагу (dual genitive)
врагъ (genitive plural)
врагу (dative singular)
врагома (dative dual)
врагомъ (dative plural)
врагъ (accusative singular)
врага (accusative dual)
врагꙑ (accusative plural)
врагъмь (instrumental singular)
врагома (dual instrumental)
врагꙑ (instrumental plural)
вразѣ (locative singular)
врагу (dual locative)
вразѣхъ (locative plural)
враже (singular vocative)
врага (dual vocative)
врази (plural vocative)

Russian: враг (vrag)

Carpathian Rusyn: враг (vrah)

Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic врагъ (vragŭ), from Proto-Slavic *vorgъ (“enemy, foe”). Doublet of ворогъ (vorogŭ).

[…] благодать Божия просвѣщаше сердце его и рука Господня помогаше ему, и побѣжаше всꙗ врагы своꙗ, и боꙗхутсѧ его вси.
[…] blagodatĭ Božija prosvěščaše serdce jego i ruka Gospodnja pomogaše jemu, i poběžaše vsja vragy svoja, i bojaxutsę jego vsi.

XI century, Память и Похвала князю русскому Владимиру (Memorial and Panegyric to Prince Vladimir of Rus)

[…] God's grace illuminated his heart and God's hand helped him, and [he] defeated all his foes, and was feared among all.

Радовашесѧ Ꙗрославъ вида множьство цьрквии . и люди хрестꙑанꙑ зѣло . а врагъ сѣтовашетьсѧ побѣжаемъ . новыми людьми хрестꙑанскꙑми.

Лаврентеи, editor (1377), “врагъ”, in Повѣсти времѧньнꙑх лѣ т [Laurentian Codex], 11th century, page (leaf) 52, line -12, s.a. 6545 (1037)

And Yaroslav was glad, seeing many churches and many Christians [among his] people, while the devil wailed, being defeated by the newly-baptized.

Radovašesę Jaroslavŭ vida množĭstvo cĭrkvii . i ljudi xrestyany zělo . a vragŭ sětovašetĭsę poběžajemŭ . novymi ljudĭmi xrestyanskymi.


вѣра

věra (romanization)
вѣра (nominative singular)
вѣрѣ (dual nominative)
вѣрꙑ (nominative plural)
вѣрꙑ (genitive singular)
вѣру (dual genitive)
вѣръ (genitive plural)
вѣрѣ (dative singular)
вѣрама (dative dual)
вѣрамъ (dative plural)
вѣрѫ (accusative singular)
вѣрѣ (accusative dual)
вѣрꙑ (accusative plural)
вѣроѭ (instrumental singular)
вѣрама (dual instrumental)
вѣрами (instrumental plural)
вѣрѣ (locative singular)
вѣру (dual locative)
вѣрахъ (locative plural)
вѣро (singular vocative)
вѣрѣ (dual vocative)
вѣрꙑ (plural vocative)

Old Ruthenian: вѣра (věra)

Belarusian: ве́ра (vjéra)

Carpathian Rusyn: ві́ра (víra)

Ukrainian: ві́ра (víra)

Russian: ве́ра (véra)

From Proto-Slavic *věra. Cognates include Old Church Slavonic вѣра (věra) and Old Polish wiera.


глава

glava (romanization)
глава (nominative singular)
главѣ (dual nominative)
главꙑ (nominative plural)
главꙑ (genitive singular)
главу (dual genitive)
главъ (genitive plural)
главѣ (dative singular)
главама (dative dual)
главамъ (dative plural)
главѫ (accusative singular)
главѣ (accusative dual)
главꙑ (accusative plural)
главоѭ (instrumental singular)
главама (dual instrumental)
главами (instrumental plural)
главѣ (locative singular)
главу (dual locative)
главахъ (locative plural)
главо (singular vocative)
главѣ (dual vocative)
главꙑ (plural vocative)

Old Ruthenian: глава (hlava)

Carpathian Rusyn: глава́ (hlavá)

Ukrainian: глава́ (hlavá)

Russian: глава́ (glavá)

Learned borrowing from Old Church Slavonic глава (glava). Doublet of голова (golova).


дѣвица

děvica (romanization)
дѣвица (nominative singular)
дѣвици (dual nominative)
дѣвицѣ (nominative plural)
дѣвицѣ (genitive singular)
дѣвицу (dual genitive)
дѣвиць (genitive plural)
дѣвици (dative singular)
дѣвицама (dative dual)
дѣвицамъ (dative plural)
дѣвицѫ (accusative singular)
дѣвици (accusative dual)
дѣвицѣ (accusative plural)
дѣвицеѭ (instrumental singular)
дѣвицама (dual instrumental)
дѣвицами (instrumental plural)
дѣвици (locative singular)
дѣвицу (dual locative)
дѣвицахъ (locative plural)
дѣвице (singular vocative)
дѣвици (dual vocative)
дѣвицѣ (plural vocative)
дивица (alternative)

Belarusian: дзяві́ца (dzjavíca)

desc

Russian: деви́ца (devíca), де́вица (dévica)

Ukrainian: діви́ця (divýcja)

From Proto-Slavic *děvica (“girl, maiden”).


мѣсѧць

head

мѣсѧць (měsęcĭ) m

orv-noun

мѣсѧць (měsęcĭ) m

měsęcĭ (romanization)
мѣсѧць (nominative singular)
мѣсѧца (dual nominative)
мѣсѧци (nominative plural)
мѣсѧца (genitive singular)
мѣсѧцу (dual genitive)
мѣсѧць (genitive plural)
мѣсѧцу (dative singular)
мѣсѧцема (dative dual)
мѣсѧцемъ (dative plural)
мѣсѧць (accusative singular)
мѣсѧца (accusative dual)
мѣсѧцѣ (accusative plural)
мѣсѧцьмь (instrumental singular)
мѣсѧцема (dual instrumental)
мѣсѧци (instrumental plural)
мѣсѧци (locative singular)
мѣсѧцу (dual locative)
мѣсѧцихъ (locative plural)
мѣсѧче (singular vocative)
мѣсѧца (dual vocative)
мѣсѧци (plural vocative)

desc

Old Ruthenian: мѣсѧць (měsjacʹ), мѣсѧцъ (měsjacʹ), мѣсєцъ (měsjecʹ)

Belarusian: ме́сяц (mjésjac)

Carpathian Rusyn: мі́сяць (mísjacʹ)

Ukrainian: мі́сяць (mísjacʹ)

Russian: ме́сяц (mésjac)

/ˈmeːsɛ̃t͡sʲɪ/

/ˈmeːsɛ̃t͡sʲɪ/

From Proto-Slavic *měsęcь, from Proto-Indo-European *mḗh₁n̥s.


мѫжь

head

мѫжь (mǫžĭ) m

orv-noun

мѫжь (mǫžĭ) m

mǫžĭ (romanization)
мѫжь (nominative singular)
мѫжа (dual nominative)
мѫжи (nominative plural)
мѫжа (genitive singular)
мѫжу (dual genitive)
мѫжь (genitive plural)
мѫжу (dative singular)
мѫжема (dative dual)
мѫжемъ (dative plural)
мѫжь (accusative singular)
мѫжа (accusative dual)
мѫжѣ (accusative plural)
мѫжьмь (instrumental singular)
мѫжема (dual instrumental)
мѫжи (instrumental plural)
мѫжи (locative singular)
мѫжу (dual locative)
мѫжихъ (locative plural)
мѫжу (singular vocative)
мѫжа (dual vocative)
мѫжи (plural vocative)
мужь (alternative)

Old Ruthenian: мужъ (muž)

Belarusian: муж (muž)

Carpathian Rusyn: муж (muž)

Ukrainian: муж (muž)

Russian: муж (muž)

From Proto-Slavic *mǫžь. Cognates include Old Church Slavonic мѫжь (mǫžĭ) and Old Polish mąż.


ѩзꙑкъ

językŭ (romanization)
ѩзꙑчькъ (diminutive)


жена

head

жена (žena) f (diminutive женъка or жонъка)

žena (romanization)
женъка (diminutive)
жонъка (diminutive)
жена (nominative singular)
женѣ (dual nominative)
женꙑ (nominative plural)
женꙑ (genitive singular)
жену (dual genitive)
женъ (genitive plural)
женѣ (dative singular)
женама (dative dual)
женамъ (dative plural)
женѫ (accusative singular)
женѣ (accusative dual)
женꙑ (accusative plural)
женоѭ (instrumental singular)
женама (dual instrumental)
женами (instrumental plural)
женѣ (locative singular)
жену (dual locative)
женахъ (locative plural)
жено (singular vocative)
женѣ (dual vocative)
женꙑ (plural vocative)

desc

Old Ruthenian: жона (žona), жена (žena), жана (žana)

Belarusian: жана́ (žaná) (dated)

Carpathian Rusyn: жона́ (žoná), же́на (žéna) (Lemko)

Ukrainian: жона́ (žoná) (dated)

Russian: жена́ (žená)


дьнь

head

дьнь (dĭnĭ) m

orv-noun

дьнь (dĭnĭ) m

dĭnĭ (romanization)
дьнь (nominative singular)
дьни (dual nominative)
дьние (nominative plural)
дьни (genitive singular)
дьнию (dual genitive)
дьнии (genitive plural)
дьни (dative singular)
дьньма (dative dual)
дьньмъ (dative plural)
дьнь (accusative singular)
дьни (accusative dual)
дьни (accusative plural)
дьньмь (instrumental singular)
дьньма (dual instrumental)
дьньми (instrumental plural)
дьни (locative singular)
дьнию (dual locative)
дьньхъ (locative plural)
дьни (singular vocative)
дьни (dual vocative)
дьние (plural vocative)

Old Ruthenian: день (denʹ)

Belarusian: дзень (dzjenʹ)

desc

Carpathian Rusyn: день (denʹ), динь (dynʹ) (Lemko), ден (den)

Ukrainian: день (denʹ)

Russian: день (denʹ)


богъ

head

богъ (bogŭ) m (related adjective божь or божьскъ)

bogŭ (romanization)
божь (adjective)
божьскъ (adjective)
богъ (nominative singular)
бога (dual nominative)
бози (nominative plural)
бога (genitive singular)
богу (dual genitive)
богъ (genitive plural)
богу (dative singular)
богома (dative dual)
богомъ (dative plural)
богъ (accusative singular)
бога (accusative dual)
богꙑ (accusative plural)
богъмь (instrumental singular)
богома (dual instrumental)
богꙑ (instrumental plural)
бозѣ (locative singular)
богу (dual locative)
бозѣхъ (locative plural)
боже (singular vocative)
бога (dual vocative)
бози (plural vocative)
б҃ъ (alternative abbreviation)

desctree

Old Ruthenian: богъ (boh), бѡгъ (bôh), бугъ (buh) — Middle Ukrainian
Belarusian: бог (boh)
Carpathian Rusyn: бог (boh), буг (buh)
Ukrainian: бог (boh), біг (bih), бі (bi)

Russian: бог (bog)

First attested in c. 1056‒1057. Inherited from Proto-Slavic *bȍgъ. Cognates include Old Church Slavonic богъ (bogŭ) and Polish bóg.


рѣка

Belarusian: рака́ (raká)

Russian: река́ (reká)

Carpathian Rusyn: ріка́ (riká)

Ukrainian: ріка́ (riká)


сꙑнъ

synŭ (romanization)
сꙑнъкъ (diminutive)
сꙑнъ (nominative singular)
сꙑнꙑ (dual nominative)
сꙑнове (nominative plural)
сꙑну (genitive singular)
сꙑна (genitive singular)
сꙑнову (dual genitive)
сꙑновъ (genitive plural)
сꙑнови (dative singular)
сꙑну (dative singular)
сꙑнъма (dative dual)
сꙑнъмъ (dative plural)
сꙑнъ (accusative singular)
сꙑна (accusative singular)
сꙑнꙑ (accusative dual)
сꙑнꙑ (accusative plural)
сꙑнъмь (instrumental singular)
сꙑнъма (dual instrumental)
сꙑнъми (instrumental plural)
сꙑну (locative singular)
сꙑнову (dual locative)
сꙑнъхъ (locative plural)
сꙑну (singular vocative)
сꙑнꙑ (dual vocative)
сꙑнове (plural vocative)

Old Ruthenian: сынъ (syn)

Belarusian: сын (syn)

Carpathian Rusyn: сын (sŷn)

Ukrainian: син (syn)

Russian: сын (syn)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *synъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *sū́ˀnus, from Proto-Indo-European *suHnús.


сꙑнъ

synŭ (romanization)
сꙑнъ (nominative singular)
сꙑнꙑ (dual nominative)
сꙑнове (nominative plural)
сꙑну (genitive singular)
сꙑнову (dual genitive)
сꙑновъ (genitive plural)
сꙑнови (dative singular)
сꙑну (dative singular)
сꙑнъма (dative dual)
сꙑнъмъ (dative plural)
сꙑнъ (accusative singular)
сꙑнꙑ (accusative dual)
сꙑнꙑ (accusative plural)
сꙑнъмь (instrumental singular)
сꙑнъма (dual instrumental)
сꙑнъми (instrumental plural)
сꙑну (locative singular)
сꙑнову (dual locative)
сꙑнъхъ (locative plural)
сꙑнъ (singular vocative)
сꙑнꙑ (dual vocative)
сꙑнове (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Old Church Slavonic сꙑнъ (synŭ, “tower”) or borrowing from the same source.


чловѣкъ

head

чловѣкъ (člověkŭ) m (related adjective чловѣчии)

člověkŭ (romanization)
чловѣчии (adjective)
чловѣкъ (nominative singular)
чловѣка (dual nominative)
чловѣци (nominative plural)
чловѣка (genitive singular)
чловѣку (dual genitive)
чловѣкъ (genitive plural)
чловѣку (dative singular)
чловѣкома (dative dual)
чловѣкомъ (dative plural)
чловѣкъ (accusative singular)
чловѣка (accusative dual)
чловѣкꙑ (accusative plural)
чловѣкъмь (instrumental singular)
чловѣкома (dual instrumental)
чловѣкꙑ (instrumental plural)
чловѣцѣ (locative singular)
чловѣку (dual locative)
чловѣцѣхъ (locative plural)
чловѣче (singular vocative)
чловѣка (dual vocative)
чловѣци (plural vocative)

/t͡ɕlɔˈʋeːkʊ/

/t͡ɕlɔˈʋʲeːkʊ/

/t͡ɕlɔˈʋʲɛːk/

/t͡ɕlɔˈʋʲeːk/

/t͡ɕlɔˈʋeːkʊ/

/t͡ɕlɔˈʋʲeːkʊ/

/t͡ɕlɔˈʋʲɛːk/

/t͡ɕlɔˈʋʲeːk/


цѣсарь

цѣсарь (cěsarĭ) m

orv-noun

цѣсарь (cěsarĭ) m

From Proto-Slavic *cěsařь, from a Germanic language, from Proto-Germanic *kaisaraz, from Latin Caesar.


кънига

head

кънига (kŭniga) f (diminutive кънижька, related adjective кънижьнъ)

kŭniga (romanization)
кънижька (diminutive)
кънижьнъ (adjective)
кънига (nominative singular)
кънизѣ (dual nominative)
кънигꙑ (nominative plural)
кънигꙑ (genitive singular)
кънигу (dual genitive)
кънигъ (genitive plural)
кънизѣ (dative singular)
кънигама (dative dual)
кънигамъ (dative plural)
кънигѫ (accusative singular)
кънизѣ (accusative dual)
кънигꙑ (accusative plural)
кънигоѭ (instrumental singular)
кънигама (dual instrumental)
кънигами (instrumental plural)
кънизѣ (locative singular)
кънигу (dual locative)
кънигахъ (locative plural)
къниго (singular vocative)
кънизѣ (dual vocative)
кънигꙑ (plural vocative)
книга (alternative)

Old Ruthenian: кни́га (kníha)

Belarusian: кні́га (kníha)

Carpathian Rusyn: кни́га (knýha)

Ukrainian: кни́га (knýha)

→ Lithuanian: knygà

Russian: кни́га (kníga) (see there for further descendants)

→ Ossetian: (Iron) чиныг (ḱinyg), (Digor) киунугӕ (kiwnugæ), кинугӕ (kinugæ)

→ Erzya: кинига (kiniga)


небо

nebo (romanization)
небо (nominative singular)
небесѣ (dual nominative)
небеса (nominative plural)
небесе (genitive singular)
небесу (dual genitive)
небесъ (genitive plural)
небеси (dative singular)
небесьма (dative dual)
небесьмъ (dative plural)
небо (accusative singular)
небесѣ (accusative dual)
небеса (accusative plural)
небесьмь (instrumental singular)
небесьма (dual instrumental)
небесꙑ (instrumental plural)
небеси (locative singular)
небесе (locative singular)
небесу (dual locative)
небесьхъ (locative plural)
небо (singular vocative)
небесѣ (dual vocative)
небеса (plural vocative)

Belarusian: нёба (njóba, “palate”)

Russian: нёбо (njóbo, “palate”)

desc

Carpathian Rusyn: не́бо (nébo, “sky, heaven”)

Ukrainian: не́бо (nébo, “sky, heaven”)

From Proto-Slavic *nȅbo, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *néba, from Proto-Indo-European *nébʰos.


сестра

sestra (romanization)
сестра (nominative singular)
сестрѣ (dual nominative)
сестрꙑ (nominative plural)
сестрꙑ (genitive singular)
сестру (dual genitive)
сестръ (genitive plural)
сестрѣ (dative singular)
сестрама (dative dual)
сестрамъ (dative plural)
сестрѫ (accusative singular)
сестрѣ (accusative dual)
сестрꙑ (accusative plural)
сестроѭ (instrumental singular)
сестрама (dual instrumental)
сестрами (instrumental plural)
сестрѣ (locative singular)
сестру (dual locative)
сестрахъ (locative plural)
сестро (singular vocative)
сестрѣ (dual vocative)
сестрꙑ (plural vocative)

Belarusian: сястра́ (sjastrá)

Russian: сестра́ (sestrá)

Carpathian Rusyn: сестра́ (sestrá)

Ukrainian: сестра́ (sestrá)

From Proto-Slavic *sestra, from Proto-Indo-European *swésōr.


гласъ

glasŭ (romanization)
гласъ (nominative singular)
гласꙑ (dual nominative)
гласове (nominative plural)
гласу (genitive singular)
гласову (dual genitive)
гласовъ (genitive plural)
гласови (dative singular)
гласу (dative singular)
гласъма (dative dual)
гласъмъ (dative plural)
гласъ (accusative singular)
гласꙑ (accusative dual)
гласꙑ (accusative plural)
гласъмь (instrumental singular)
гласъма (dual instrumental)
гласъми (instrumental plural)
гласу (locative singular)
гласову (dual locative)
гласъхъ (locative plural)
гласъ (singular vocative)
гласꙑ (dual vocative)
гласове (plural vocative)

Russian: глас (glas)

Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic гласъ (glasŭ). Doublet of голосъ (golosŭ).