Русь

desctree

Old Ruthenian: Русь f sg (Rusʹ)
Belarusian: Русь (Rusʹ)
Carpathian Rusyn: Русь (Rusʹ)
Ukrainian: Русь (Rusʹ)

Middle Russian: Русь f sg (Rusʹ)

Russian: Русь f sg (Rusʹ)

→ English: Rus

→ Arabic: رُوس (rūs)

→ Bulgar:

Chuvash: вырӑс (vyrăs)

→ Byzantine Greek: Ῥῶς m (Rhôs)

⇒ Byzantine Greek: Ῥωσία f (Rhōsía), Ῥωσσία (Rhōssía)
Greek: Ρωσία f sg (Rosía)
→ Old Church Slavonic: Роусиꙗ (Rusija)
Bulgarian: Руси́я (Rusíja)
→ Medieval Latin: Rōssia f sg
→ Middle Russian: Росі́ꙗ f sg (Rosíja), Россі́ꙗ f sg (Rossíja)
Russian: Росси́я (Rossíja) (see there for further descendants)
→ Belarusian: Расі́я f sg (Rasíja)
→ Polish: Rosja f sg
→ Carpathian Rusyn: Росі́я f sg (Rosíja)
→ Ukrainian: Росі́я f sg (Rosíja)

→ Kipchak: (/orus/)

desc

Armeno-Kipchak: Որուս sg (Orus, “Ruthenia”); որուս sg (orus, “a Ruthene; [attributively] Ruthenian”), ուրուս sg (urus)

Kazakh:

Arabic script: ورىس sg, ورىستار pl

Cyrillic script: орыс sg (orys), орыстар pl (orystar)

Kyrgyz:

Cyrillic script: орус sg (orus), орустар pl (orustar)

→ Hungarian: orosz sg, oroszok pl

→ Middle Mongol: 斡羅思 sg (/orus/), 斡魯速惕 pl (/orusud/)

Russia; a Russian, 􂀿attributively􂁀 Russian

Classical Mongolian: ᠣᠷᠤᠰ sg (orus, “Russia; a Russian, [attributively] Russian”)

Mongolian:

Cyrillic script: Орос sg (Oros, “Russia”); орос (oros, “a Russian, [attributively] Russian”), оросууд pl (orosuud, “Russians”)

Mongolian script: ᠣᠷᠤᠰ (orus, “Russia; a Russian, [attributively] Russian”), ᠣᠷᠤᠰᠤᠳ pl (orusud, “Russians”)

→ Buryat: ород sg (orod, “a Russian; [attributively] Russian”), ородууд pl (oroduud, “Russians”); Орос sg (Oros, “Russia”)

→ Khamnigan Mongol: орос sg (“a Russian; [attributively] Russian”), оросууд pl (“Russians”)

→ Dzongkha: ཨུ་རུ་སུ (u ru su)

desctree

→ Manchu: ᠣᡵᠣᠰ sg (oros)
→ Mandarin: 俄羅斯／俄罗斯 (Éluósī)
→ Japanese: 俄羅斯(オロス) (Orosu), 俄羅斯(オロシャ) (Orosha) (dated, rare)
→ Korean: 아라사(俄羅斯) (Arasa) (obsolete)
→ Vietnamese: Nga La Tư (俄羅斯) (obsolete)

→ Tibetan: ཨུ་རུ་སུ (u ru su)

⇒ Medieval Latin: Russī m pl

→ Albanian: Rusi
→ Aromanian: Rusii

⇒ Medieval Latin: Russia f sg

→ Asturian: Rusia f sg

→ English: Russia sg

→ Hindi: रशिया f sg (raśiyā)

→ Malay: Rusia sg

→ Maori: Rūhia sg

→ Russian: Ра́ша f sg (Ráša)

→ Thai: รัสเซีย sg (rát-siia)

→ Ukrainian: Ра́ша f sg (Ráša)

→ French: Russie f sg

→ Galician: Rusia f sg

→ Indonesian: Rusia sg

→ Italian: Russia f sg

→ Norman: Russie f sg

→ Romanian: Rusia f sg

→ Spanish: Rusia f sg

→ Venetan: Rusia f sg

⇒ Medieval Latin: Russiānus

→ English: Russian

→ Middle High German: Rûz, Riuz, Riuze

desc

German: Russe m sg, Russen m pl; Russin f sg, Russinnen f pl

⇒ English: Russ sg or pl, Russes pl

Yiddish: רוס m sg (rus), רוסן m pl (rusn)

→ Polish: Ruś

Borrowing from an ethnonym Proto-Finnic *roocci with the meaning (“people from the coast of Roþrin (‘administrative subdivision in coastal Eastern Sweden’)”), while its native Scandinavian equivalent is not attested. The Finnic word, which refers to the Swedes (Germanic tribe), and later the whole of Sweden, is in turn borrowed from Old East Norse *roþs- (see Finnish Ruotsi for more). Compare Old East Slavic Сумь (Sumĭ), borrowed from Proto-Finnic *soomi. The Old East Slavic proper noun Русь is first recorded in the 12th-century Primary Chronicle. Older attestations of the same name in Greek, Latin and Arabic date to the 9th and 10th centuries. More at Rus.

Hypatian Codex
Афетово же колѣно и то Варѧзи . Свеи . Оурманє . Готѣ . Русь . Аглѧнѣ . Галичанѣ . Волохове . Римлѧнѣ . Нѣмци . Корлѧзи . Венедици . Фрѧговѣ . и прочии присѣдѧть ѿ запада къ полуденью. и съсѣдѧтсѧ съ племенем̑ Хамовомъ.
Afetovo že kolěno i to Varęzi . Svei . Urmane . Gotě . Rusĭ . Aglęně . Galičaně . Voloxove . Rimlęně . Němci . Korlęzi . Venedici . Fręgově . i pročii prisědętĭ otŭ zapada kŭ poludenĭju. i sŭsědętsę sŭ plemenem̑ Xamovomŭ.
The offspring of Japheth were the Varangians, Swedes, Norsemen, Goths, Rusĭ, Angles, Galicians, Vlachs, Romans, Germans, Korlyazi ["Carolingians", i.e. Franks], Venetians, Fryazi [Italians, Genovese] and others. In the west they are ajacent to the southern countries, and neighbours with the Hamites.

Hypatian Codex s.a. 6370 (862)
идоша за море к Варѧгом̑ . к Руси . сіце бо звахуть . ты Варѧ̑гы Русь . ꙗко се друзии зовутсѧ Свеє . друзии же Оурмани . Аньглѧне . инѣи и Готе . тако и си ркоша.
idoša za more k Varęgom̑ . k Rusi . sice bo zvaxutĭ . ty Varę̑gy Rusĭ . jako se druzii zovutsę Sveje . druzii že Urmani . Anĭglęne . iněi i Gote . tako i si rkoša.
And they went overseas to the Varangians, to the Rusĭ. These particular Varangians were known as Rusĭ, just as some are called Swedes, and others Normans and Angles, and still others Gotlanders, for they were thus named.

(collectively) Name of a group of Varangians, the ruling class in the principalities of Rus.

(collectively) Inhabitants of Rus; East Slavic people.


Русьскаꙗ землꙗ

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Русьскаꙗ землꙗ

orv-proper noun

Русьскаꙗ землꙗ

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Ру́ская зямля́

Belarusian: Ру́ская зямля́ (Rúskaja zjamljá)

Ру́сская земля́

Russian: Ру́сская земля́ (Rússkaja zemljá)

Rusyn: Ру́ська земля́ (Rúsʹka zemljá)

Ру́ська земля́

Ukrainian: Ру́ська земля́ (Rúsʹka zemljá)

From the full form of the adjective русьскъ (rusĭskŭ, “of the Rus”) and the noun землꙗ (zemlja, “earth, land”) (modern Russian земля (zemlja)).
Firstly mentioned in the 12th-century "Primary Chronicle".

Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see русьскъ (rusĭskŭ), землꙗ (zemlja).

s.a. 6370 (862)
и ѿ тѣхъ Варѧгъ . прозвасѧ Рускаꙗ землѧ .
i otŭ těxŭ Varęgŭ . prozvasę Ruskaja zemlę .
From these Varangians (the Rus), the Rus land received its name.

1229, Смоленская торговая Правда (Smolensk Trade Law)
Роусиноу не звати ∙ латина на полѣ битъ сѧ ∙ оу роускои земли ∙:∙ А латининоу не звати роусина на полѣ бито сѧ ∙ оу ризѣ и на готскомь березѣ ∙:∙
Rusinu ne zvati ∙ latina na polě bitŭ sę ∙ u ruskoi zemli ∙:∙ A latininu ne zvati rusina na polě bito sę ∙ u rizě i na gotskomĭ berezě ∙:∙
A Russian should not call a German for a battle in the Russian land, a German should not call a Russian for a battle in Riga or in Gotland.

1607 Русский разговорник (Tonnis Fenne, Russian phrasebook)
Здѣ яз божиею помочию почину писат кую рѣце как надобъ немьчину с русиномь порускы говорит от домовьню дѣле и всяких дѣлех говоря. Б(ог)ъ даи мнѣ здараво ѣхат на рускую землю да рускому языку на учитса. Тоннис Фенне
Zdě jaz božijeju pomočiju počinu pisat kuju rěce kak nadobŭ nemĭčinu s rusinomĭ porusky govorit ot domovĭnju děle i vsjakix dělex govorja. B(og)ŭ dai mně zdaravo jěxat na ruskuju zemlju da ruskomu jazyku na učitsa. Tonnis Fenne
Here I begin with God's help to explain how a German should speak Russian with a Russian concerning house and other business. Lord, let me go to the Russian land without problems and study the Russian language.

(historical) Rus (region in Eastern Europe, land of the Rus, East Slavic lands)


Львовъ

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Львовъ (Lĭvovŭ)

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Old Ruthenian: Льво́въ (Lʹvóv), Лво́въ (Lvóv), Илво́въ (Ilvóv)
Belarusian: Львоў (Lʹvoŭ)
Carpathian Rusyn: Львів (Lʹviv), Львӱв (Lʹvüv)
Ukrainian: Львів (Lʹviv); Льво̂въ (Lʹvôv) (pre-reform)

Russian: Львов (Lʹvov)

→ Romanian: Liov

→ Crimean Tatar: İlbav

→ Latin: Leopolis (calque)

Lviv, city in present-day Western Ukraine


Москꙑ

orv-decl-noun

Москъвиѭ, Москъвьѭ

Москꙑ (nominative singular)
Москъви (dual nominative)
Москъви (nominative plural)
Москъве (genitive singular)
Москъву (dual genitive)
Москъвъ (genitive plural)
Москъви (dative singular)
Москъвама (dative dual)
Москъвамъ (dative plural)
Москъвь (accusative singular)
Москъви (accusative dual)
Москъви (accusative plural)
Москъвиѭ (instrumental singular)
Москъвьѭ (instrumental singular)
Москъвама (dual instrumental)
Москъвами (instrumental plural)
Москъве (locative singular)
Москъву (dual locative)
Москъвахъ (locative plural)
Москꙑ (singular vocative)
Москъви (dual vocative)
Москъви (plural vocative)

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⇒ Old East Slavic: Москъвь (Moskŭvĭ), Московь (Moskovĭ)

Old Ruthenian: Москва́ (Moskvá)

Belarusian: Масква́ (Maskvá)

Carpathian Rusyn: Москва́ (Moskvá)

Ukrainian: Москва́ (Moskvá)

Russian: Москва́ (Moskvá), Мо́сква (Móskva) (dialectal) (see there for further descendants)

→ Latin: Moscovia

→ English: Moscow

→ French: Moscou

→ German: Moskau

→ Dutch: Moskou

→ Tatar: Мәскәү (Mäskäw)

→ Bashkir: Мәскәү (Məskəw)

→ Kazakh: Мәскеу (Mäskeu)

From Proto-Slavic *mosky, thought to be related to the name of the Moskva River, of uncertain ultimate origin. More at Moscow.

Moscow (the capital city of modern Russia)


Пльсковъ

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Пльсковъ (Plĭskovŭ) m

orv-proper noun

Пльсковъ (Plĭskovŭ) m

Old Ruthenian: Псковъ (Pskov)

Belarusian: Пскоў (Pskoŭ)

Ukrainian: Псков (Pskov)

desc

Russian: Псков (Pskov), Опско́в (Opskóv)

→ Middle Low German: Pleskow

German: Pleskau

→ English: Plescow, Pleskow, Pleskou

→ French: Plescou

→ Latvian: Pleskava, Pliskava

→ Estonian: Pihkva

→ Finnish: Pihkova

From the river name *Пльскова (*Plĭskova) (Russian Пскова́ (Psková)). Identical to Old Church Slavonic Пльсковъ (Plĭskovŭ, “Pliska”), also related to Polish Pszczyna. Probably related to Proto-Slavic *pleskъ (“splash”).


Галичь

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Галичь (Galičĭ) m

orv-proper noun

Галичь (Galičĭ) m

Galičĭ (romanization)
Галичь (nominative singular)
Галичи (dual nominative)
Галичие (nominative plural)
Галичи (genitive singular)
Галичию (dual genitive)
Галичии (genitive plural)
Галичи (dative singular)
Галичьма (dative dual)
Галичьмъ (dative plural)
Галичь (accusative singular)
Галичи (accusative dual)
Галичи (accusative plural)
Галичьмь (instrumental singular)
Галичьма (dual instrumental)
Галичьми (instrumental plural)
Галичи (locative singular)
Галичию (dual locative)
Галичьхъ (locative plural)
Галичи (singular vocative)
Галичи (dual vocative)
Галичие (plural vocative)

/ˈɡalʲit͡ɕɪ/

/ˈɡalʲit͡ɕɪ/

Derived from Proto-Slavic *galica (“jackdaw”).

der+

Galicia, (2) the duchy or principality that grew around this town


Мѣньскъ

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Мѣньскъ (Měnĭskŭ) m

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Old Ruthenian: Мѣнскъ (Měnsk), Мѣ́нескъ (Mě́nesk)
Belarusian: Менск (Mjensk)
Old Ukrainian:
Ukrainian: Мінськ (Minsʹk)
→ Belarusian: Мінск (Minsk)
→ Carpathian Rusyn: Мінск (Minsk)
→ Russian: Минск (Minsk)


Перъсида

Alternative spelling of Персида (Persida)


Китаи

Belarusian: Кіта́й (Kitáj)

Russian: Кита́й (Kitáj)
→ Adyghe: Китай (Kitaj)
→ Livvi: Kitai
→ Veps: Kitai
→ Yakut: Китай (Kitay)

Carpathian Rusyn: Кіта́й (Kitáj)

Ukrainian: Кита́й (Kytáj)

From a Turkic source (most likely Kipchak), ultimately from Old Turkic 𐰶𐰃𐱃𐰪 (Qïtań), from Khitan 𘱿𘲫 (*qid ún, “Khitan”), the Mongolic people who ruled Manchuria, then Northern China, then Central Asia from the 9th to 13th centuries. More at Cathay. First attested between 1402 and 1408 in a list of cities and regions conquered by Tamerlane

А се имена тѣмъ землямъ и тѣмъ цесарствомъ, еже бѣ попленилъ Темирь Аксакъ: Чагадай, Хорусании, Голустаини, Китай, Синяя Орда...
A se imena těmŭ zemljamŭ i těmŭ cesarstvomŭ, eže bě poplenilŭ Temirĭ Aksakŭ: Čagadaj, Xorusanii, Golustaini, Kitaj, Sinjaja Orda...

between 1402 and 1408, The Tale of Temir Aksak

And here are the names of the lands and kingdoms that Temir Aksak conquered: Chagatai, Khorasan, Gulustan, Khitai, Blue Horde...

А от Дабыля до Келекота 25 дни, а от Келекота до Силяна 15 дни, а от Силяна до Шаибата мѣсяць итти, а от Шаибата до Певгу 20 дни, а от Певгу до Чини да до Мачина мѣсяць итти, морем все то хожение. А от Чини до Китаа итти сухом 6 мѣсяць, а морем 4 дни итти...
A ot Dabylja do Kelekota 25 dni, a ot Kelekota do Siljana 15 dni, a ot Siljana do Šaibata měsjacĭ itti, a ot Šaibata do Pevgu 20 dni, a ot Pevgu do Čini da do Mačina měsjacĭ itti, morem vse to xoženije. A ot Čini do Kitaa itti suxom 6 měsjacĭ, a morem 4 dni itti...
A journey from Dabhol to Calicut (Kozhikode) takes 25 days, and from Calicut to Ceylon it takes 15 days, and from Ceylon to Shaibat (an unidentified location) it's a month's journey, and from Shaibat to Bago it takes 20 days, and from Bago to Chin and Machin (see چین و ماچین) it takes another month — all that way by sea. And from Chin and Machin to Cathay it takes six months to travel by land, and four days to travel by sea...

between 1468 and 1474, Afanasy Nikitin, A Journey Beyond the Three Seas

Cathay, medieval northern China as reached by the overland Silk Road to Xi'an or Beijing (a region of East Asia)


Симъ

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Симъ (Simŭ) m (possessive adjective Симовъ)

Simŭ (romanization)
Симовъ (adjective possessive)
Симъ (nominative singular)
Симу (genitive singular)
Сима (genitive singular)
Симови (dative singular)
Симу (dative singular)
Симъ (accusative singular)
Сима (accusative singular)
Симъмь (instrumental singular)
Симу (locative singular)
Симу (singular vocative)

orv-decl-noun

Симови, Симу

Learned borrowing from Old Church Slavonic Симъ (Simŭ), from Ancient Greek Σήμ (Sḗm).

lbor

по потопѣ. первиє сн҃ве ноєви раꙁдѣлиша ꙁємлю. симъ. хамъ. афєтъ.

1377, Dmitry of Suzdal, Laurentian Codex, page 1:

After the Flood, the first sons of Noah divided the earth: Shem, Ham and Japheth.

po potopě. pervije sn:ve nojevi razděliša zemlju. simŭ. xamŭ. afetŭ.


Афетъ

Afetŭ (romanization)
Афетъ (nominative singular)
Афету (genitive singular)
Афета (genitive singular)
Афетови (dative singular)
Афету (dative singular)
Афетъ (accusative singular)
Афета (accusative singular)
Афетъмь (instrumental singular)
Афету (locative singular)
Афету (singular vocative)

orv-decl-noun

Афету, Афета

Афетови, Афету

Афетъ, Афета

Learned borrowing from Old Church Slavonic Іафеѳъ (Iafeθŭ), from Ancient Greek Ἰάφεθ (Iápheth).


Кꙑевъ

Kyjevŭ (romanization)
Кꙑевъ (nominative singular)
Кꙑева (genitive singular)
Кꙑеву (dative singular)
Кꙑевъ (accusative singular)
Кꙑевъмь (instrumental singular)
Кꙑевѣ (locative singular)
Кꙑеве (singular vocative)

desctree

Old Ruthenian: Кїєвъ (Kijev), Кїѣвъ (Kijěv)
Belarusian: Кі́еў (Kíjeŭ)
Carpathian Rusyn: Ки́їв (Kýjiv)
Ukrainian: Ки́їв (Kýjiv) (see there for further descendants)

Russian: Ки́ев (Kíjev) (see there for further descendants)

→ Old Novgorodian: Кꙑѥве (Kyjeve)

→ Medieval Hebrew: קייב (Qiyyōb)

→ Old Polish: Kijów

Polish: Kijów

→⇒ Medieval Latin: Kiōvia, Kijōvia

→ Byzantine Greek: Κιωουίᾱ (Kiōouíā)

Uncertain:
* Traditionally concidered to be derived from the city's founder Кꙑи (Kyi), meaning "Kyi's [city]". This has been dismissed by Michael Hrushevsky as folk etymology.
* According to Jaroslav Rudnyckyj and the Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages, the name derives from кии (kii, “pole”), maybe referring to the fact the city was palisaded by poles.
* Alternatively, related to the modern Ukrainian куява (kujava, “steep hill”) and Ukrainian куеви (kuevy, “mountain top”).
The first time mentioned in the Hebrew Kievan Letter, spelled as קייב. In the earliest Novgorod birch bark manuscripts spelled as Кꙑѥвъ (Kyjevŭ). Also mentioned by Constantine VII, the Byzantine Emperor.

кто въ києвѣ нача первѣє кнѧжи^т и ѿкуду рускаꙗ ꙁемлѧ стала єсть⁘

Who in Kiev first started to reign and whence the Russian land has started to be.

kto vŭ kijevě nača pervěe knęžiᵗ i otŭkudu ruskaja zemlę stala estĭ⁘


Киевъ

Kijevŭ (romanization)
Киевъ (nominative singular)
Киева (genitive singular)
Киеву (dative singular)
Киевъ (accusative singular)
Киевъмь (instrumental singular)
Киевѣ (locative singular)
Киеве (singular vocative)


Хамъ

Xamŭ (romanization)
Хамъ (nominative singular)
Хаму (genitive singular)
Хама (genitive singular)
Хамови (dative singular)
Хаму (dative singular)
Хамъ (accusative singular)
Хама (accusative singular)
Хамъмь (instrumental singular)
Хаму (locative singular)
Хаму (singular vocative)

orv-decl-noun

Хамови, Хаму

Learned borrowing from Old Church Slavonic Хамъ (Xamŭ), from Ancient Greek Χάμ (Khám).


Новъгородъ

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Новъгородъ (Novŭgorodŭ) m

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Russian: Новгород (Novgorod), Новгородъ (Novgorod)

→ Swedish: Nougård

From Proto-Slavic *Novъgordъ, from *novъ (“new”) + *gordъ. Equivalent to новъ (novŭ) + городъ (gorodŭ).

А брата своего столъ порѫчи правити· близокоу своемоу остромироу новѣгородѣ·
A brata svojego stolŭ porǫči praviti· blizoku svojemu ostromiru nověgorodě·

Григории, editor (1057), “новѣгородѣ (leaf 294.5, line 7)”, in Еуглие [Ostromir Gospels] (in Old Church Slavonic), page 294.5

(please add an English translation of this quotation)


Новѣгородѣ

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Новѣгородѣ (Nověgorodě) m

locative singular of Новъгородъ (Novŭgorodŭ)


Володимѣръ

Володимѣръ (Volodiměrŭ) m

orv-proper noun

Володимѣръ (Volodiměrŭ) m

Volodiměrŭ (romanization)
Володимѣръ (nominative singular)
Володимѣра (dual nominative)
Володимѣри (nominative plural)
Володимѣра (genitive singular)
Володимѣру (dual genitive)
Володимѣръ (genitive plural)
Володимѣру (dative singular)
Володимѣрома (dative dual)
Володимѣромъ (dative plural)
Володимѣръ (accusative singular)
Володимѣра (accusative dual)
Володимѣрꙑ (accusative plural)
Володимѣръмь (instrumental singular)
Володимѣрома (dual instrumental)
Володимѣрꙑ (instrumental plural)
Володимѣрѣ (locative singular)
Володимѣру (dual locative)
Володимѣрѣхъ (locative plural)
Володимѣре (singular vocative)
Володимѣра (dual vocative)
Володимѣри (plural vocative)

orv-decl-noun

Володимѣръмь

Володимѣрома

Володимѣрома

Володимѣромъ

Володимѣрѣхъ

Ukrainian: Володи́мир (Volodýmyr)

⇒ Russian: Воло́дя (Volódja)

/ʋɔlɔˈdʲimʲeːrʊ/

/ʋɔlɔˈdʲimʲɛːr/

/ʋɔlɔˈdʲimʲeːrʊ/

/ʋɔlɔˈdʲimʲɛːr/

Во‧ло‧ди‧мѣ‧ръ

From Proto-Slavic *Voldiměrъ. Cognates include Old Church Slavonic Владимѣръ (Vladiměrŭ).

cog

[…] а оконьчахъ е въ лѣт [ѕ҃]·ф҃·ѯ҃·е҃ […] близокоу сѫщоу изѧславоу кънѧзоу· изѧславоу же кънѧзоу тогда прѣдрьжѧщоу обѣ власти· и оц҃а своего ꙗрослава· и брата своего володимира […]
[…] a okonĭčaxŭ e vŭ lět [dz:]500ks:·e: […] blizoku sǫšču izęslavu kŭnęzu· izęslavu že kŭnęzu togda prědrĭžęšču obě vlasti· i oc:a svojego jaroslava· i brata svojego volodimira […]

Григории, editor (1057), “володимира (leaf 294.5, line 3)”, in Еуглие [Ostromir Gospels] (in Old Church Slavonic), page 294.5

"мцсѧ декембрѧ въ д҃ сътвориша [?сътворишѧ] миръ на желѧни свѧтопълкъ володимиръ и ольгъ [?олꙋгъ]"
"mcsję dekembrę vŭ d: sŭtvoriša [?sŭtvorišę] mirŭ na želęni svętopŭlkŭ volodimirŭ i olĭgŭ [?olugŭ]"

“володимиръ (1090±10)”, in Древнерусская эпиграфика [Old East Slavic epigraphy] (in Russian), http://epigrafika.ru, 2021—2024

В лѣ ѕ· ф· ки· Роди сѧ оу ꙗрослава снъ· и наре имѧ ѥму володимеръ⁖
V lě dz· f· ki· Rodi sę u jaroslava snŭ· i nare imę jemu volodimerŭ⁖

Лаврентеи, editor (1377), “володимеръ”, in Повѣсти времѧньнꙑх лѣ т [Laurentian Codex], page (leaf) 49.5, line -10


Персида

Persida (romanization)
Персида (nominative singular)
Персидꙑ (genitive singular)
Персидѣ (dative singular)
Персидѫ (accusative singular)
Персидоѭ (instrumental singular)
Персидѣ (locative singular)
Персидо (singular vocative)

Old Ruthenian: Перси́да (Persída) (17ᵗʰ cent.)

desc

⇒ Old Ruthenian: перси́дскїй (persídskij)

Belarusian: персі́дскі (pjersídski)

перси́дський

Ukrainian: перси́дський (persýdsʹkyj)

⇒ Russian: перси́дский (persídskij)

Learned borrowing from Old Church Slavonic Перъсида (Perŭsida), from Ancient Greek Περσίς (Persís) (accusative Περσίδα (Persída)).

lbor

персида. ватрь. тожє и до индикиꙗ в долготу и в ширину

Persia. Bactria. And also up to India in the length and width.

persida. vatrĭ. tože i do indikija v dolgotu i v širinu


Припѧть

head

Припѧть (Pripętĭ) f

orv-proper noun

Припѧть (Pripętĭ) f

Old Ruthenian: При́петь (Prípetʹ)

Russian: При́пять (Prípjatʹ); При́петь (Prípetʹ) (obsolete)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *Pri-pętь (“tributary”), from *pri + *pęti.

inh+

Pripyat (a river in Ukraine and Belarus)


Ватрь

Vatrĭ (romanization)
Ватрь (nominative singular)
Ватри (genitive singular)
Ватри (dative singular)
Ватрь (accusative singular)
Ватриѭ (instrumental singular)
Ватри (locative singular)
Ватри (singular vocative)


Хърсъ

head

Хърсъ (Xŭrsŭ) n

orv-proper noun

Хърсъ (Xŭrsŭ) n

Xŭrsŭ (romanization)
Хърсъ (nominative singular)
Хърсу (genitive singular)
Хърса (genitive singular)
Хърсови (dative singular)
Хърсу (dative singular)
Хърсъ (accusative singular)
Хърса (accusative singular)
Хърсъмь (instrumental singular)
Хърсу (locative singular)
Хърсу (singular vocative)

orv-decl-noun

Хърсу, Хърса

Хърсови, Хърсу

Хърсъ, Хърса

→ Belarusian: Хорс (Xors) (learned)

→ Bulgarian: Хърс (Hǎrs) (learned)

→ Czech: Chors (learned)

→ Kashubian: Chors (learned)

→ Macedonian: Хорс (Hors) (learned)

→ Polish: Chors (learned)

→ Russian: Хорс (Xors) (learned)

→ Serbo-Croatian: (learned)

Cyrillic script: Хорс

Latin script: Hors

→ Slovak: Chors (learned)

→ Slovene: Chors (learned)

→ Ukrainian: Хорс (Xors) (learned)

Вьсеславъ кънязь судяше, кънязьмь грады ⟨городы⟩ рядяше, а самъ въ ночь вълкъмь рискаше: ис Кыева дорискаше до куръ Тъмутороканя, великому Хърсови вълкъмь путь прѣрискаше ⟨пере-⟩.

p. 1185, The Tale of Igor's Campaign, Aleksei Musin-Pushkin, published 1800:

Prince Vseslav was a judge for his subjects, he distributed cities among princes, but by night he ran like a wolf, from Kiev he ran to Tmutorokan, before the cock crowed, as a wolf he ran along the road of the great Khors.

Vĭseslavŭ kŭnjazĭ sudjaše, kŭnjazĭmĭ grady ⟨gorody⟩ rjadjaše, a samŭ vŭ nočĭ vŭlkŭmĭ riskaše: is Kyjeva doriskaše do kurŭ Tŭmutorokanja, velikomu Xŭrsovi vŭlkŭmĭ putĭ prěriskaše ⟨pere-⟩.

то сетьнѣѥ и члв҃чьска ^імена та оутриꙗ Троꙗна Хърса Велеса Пероуна

a. 1200, Descent of the Virgin into Hell, quoted in Древніе Памятники Русскаго Письма и Языка, I. I. Sreznevsky, published 1863, page 205:

And having done that [they gave them] human names the next day - Troyan, Khors, Veles, Perun

to setĭněje i člv:čĭska ⁱmena ta utrija Trojana Xŭrsa Velesa Peruna

и постави кумирꙑ на холму. внѣ двора теремнаго. перуна древѧна. а главу его сребрену. а оусъ ꙁлатъ. и хърса дажьб҃а. и стриб҃а. и симарьгла. и мокошь

1377, Dmitry of Suzdal, Laurentian Codex, page 48:

and he put idols on the hill, outside the palace, a wooden Perun and his silver head and a golden head. and Khors, Dazhbog and Stribog and Simargl and Mokosh

i postavi kumiry na xolmu. vně dvora teremnago. peruna drevęna. a glavu ego srebrenu. a usŭ zlatŭ. i xŭrsa dažĭb:a. i strib:a. i simarĭgla. i mokošĭ

(Slavic mythology) Khors (Slavic god of the Moon)

Khors (Slavic god of the Moon)
→ a male given name


Полотьскъ

head

Поло́тьскъ (Polótĭskŭ) m

orv-proper noun

Поло́тьскъ (Polótĭskŭ) m

head

По̀лотьскъ (Pòlotĭskŭ) m

orv-proper noun

По̀лотьскъ (Pòlotĭskŭ) m

Поло́тьскъ (canonical masculine)
Polótĭskŭ (romanization)
По̀лотьскъ (canonical masculine)
Pòlotĭskŭ (romanization)
Полотьскъ (nominative singular)
Полотьска (genitive singular)
Полотьску (dative singular)
Полотьскъ (accusative singular)
Полотьскъмь (instrumental singular)
Полотьскѣ (locative singular)
Полотьске (singular vocative)

→ Old Norse: Palteskia, Pallteskia (from variant Полтескъ)

Middle Russian: Поло́тескъ (Polótesk)

Russian: Поло́цк (Polóck) (dialectal)

Belarusian: По́лацк (Pólack)

Russian: По́лоцк (Pólock)

Ukrainian: По́лоцьк (Pólocʹk)

* From Поло́та (Polóta, “Polota River”).
* From Полота́ (Polotá, “id.”).

Прѣ́дивьно бы́сть чу́до
Поло́тьскѣ.
Въ мьчьтѣ́ ны
Быва́ше во̀ ночи:
Ту́тънъ стона́ше
Полу́ ночи,
Я̀ко человѣ́ци
Ри́щуче бѣси
По у́лици.
Prě́divĭno býstĭ čúdo
Polótĭskě.
Vŭ mĭčĭtě́ ny
Byváše vò noči:
Tútŭnŭ stonáše
Polú noči,
Jàko čelově́ci
Ríščuče běsi
Po úlici.

Principality of Polotsk
w:Principality of Polotsk

Polotsk (a city in Kievan Rus, Principality of Polotsk)


Стрибогъ

head

Стрибогъ (Stribogŭ) m (possessive adjective Стрибожь)

Stribogŭ (romanization)
Стрибожь (adjective possessive)
Стрибогъ (nominative singular)
Стрибога (genitive singular)
Стрибогу (dative singular)
Стрибогъ (accusative singular)
Стрибогъмь (instrumental singular)
Стрибозѣ (locative singular)
Стрибоже (singular vocative)

desc

→ Belarusian: Стрыбо́г (Strybóh) (learned)

→ Bulgarian: Стрибог (Stribog) (learned)

→ Czech: Stribog (learned)

→ English: Stribog (learned)

→ German: Stribog (learned)

→ French: Stribog (learned)

→ Macedonian: Стрибог (Stribog) (learned)

→ Polish: Strzybóg (learned)

→ Russian: Стрибо́г (Stribóg) (learned)

→ Serbo-Croatian: (learned)

Cyrillic script: Стрибог

Latin script: Stribog

→ Slovak: Stribog (learned)

→ Slovene: Stribog (learned)

→ Ukrainian: Стрибо́г (Strybóh) (learned)

Probably from earlier **Стрыбогъ (**Strybogŭ), from Proto-Slavic *Strybogъ. For alternation between ы : и cf. Ukrainian Стрий (Stryj) : Стрый (Stryj), Стрына (Stryna) : Стрина (Stryna).

(Slavic mythology) Stribog (Slavic god of the sea or wind)


Симарьглъ

head

Симарьглъ (Simarĭglŭ) m

orv-proper noun

Симарьглъ (Simarĭglŭ) m

Simarĭglŭ (romanization)
Симарьглъ (nominative singular)
Симарьгла (dual nominative)
Симарьгли (nominative plural)
Симарьгла (genitive singular)
Симарьглу (dual genitive)
Симарьглъ (genitive plural)
Симарьглу (dative singular)
Симарьглома (dative dual)
Симарьгломъ (dative plural)
Симарьглъ (accusative singular)
Симарьгла (accusative dual)
Симарьглꙑ (accusative plural)
Симарьглъмь (instrumental singular)
Симарьглома (dual instrumental)
Симарьглꙑ (instrumental plural)
Симарьглѣ (locative singular)
Симарьглу (dual locative)
Симарьглѣхъ (locative plural)
Симарьгле (singular vocative)
Симарьгла (dual vocative)
Симарьгли (plural vocative)

Си‧ма‧рь‧глъ

(Slavic mythology) Simargl (a Slavic god)


Сварогъ

head

Сварогъ (Svarogŭ) m (possessive adjective Сварожь)

Svarogŭ (romanization)
Сварожь (adjective possessive)
Сварогъ (nominative singular)
Сварога (genitive singular)
Сварогу (dative singular)
Сварогъ (accusative singular)
Сварогъмь (instrumental singular)
Сварозѣ (locative singular)
Свароже (singular vocative)

Russian: сва́рог (svárog) (dialectal)

desc

→ Belarusian: Сваро́г (Svaróh) (learned)

→ Bulgarian: Сварог (Svarog) (learned)

→ Czech: Svarog (learned)

→ Kashubian: Swarog (learned)

→ Macedonian: Сварог (Svarog) (learned)

→ Polish: Swaróg (learned)

→ Russian: Сваро́г (Svaróg) (learned)

→ Serbo-Croatian: (learned)

Cyrillic script: Сва̀рог

Latin script: Svàrog

→ Slovak: Svarog (learned)

→ Slovene: Svarog (learned)

→ Ukrainian: Сваро́г (Svaróh) (learned)

Probably a Late East Slavic spelling of *Съварогъ (*Sŭvarogŭ), a learned borrowing from Old Church Slavonic *Съварогъ (*Sŭvarogŭ), from Proto-Slavic *Sъvarogъ.

lbor

[…] сего ради прозваше и б҃ъ Сварогъ

[…] for this reason he was called the god Svarog

(Slavic mythology) Svarog (Slavic god of fire)


Римъ

Rimŭ (romanization)
Римъ (nominative singular)
Рима (genitive singular)
Риму (dative singular)
Римъ (accusative singular)
Римъмь (instrumental singular)
Римѣ (locative singular)
Риме (singular vocative)

desctree

Old Ruthenian: Римъ (Rim)
Belarusian: Рым (Rym)
Carpathian Rusyn: Рим (Rym)
Ukrainian: Рим (Rym)

Russian: Рим (Rim)

Learned borrowing from Old Church Slavonic Римъ (Rimŭ).

lbor

а по двинѣ въ варѧги· иꙁъ варѧгъ до рима· ѿ рима до племени хамова

1377, Dmitry of Suzdal, Laurentian Codex, page 4:

along Dvina to the land of the Varyags, from the land of the Varyags to Rome, from Rome to the tribe of Ham

a po dvině vŭ varęgi· izŭ varęgŭ do rima· otŭ rima do plemeni xamova


Перунъ

Perunŭ (romanization)
Перунъ (nominative singular)
Перуна (dual nominative)
Перуни (nominative plural)
Перуна (genitive singular)
Перуну (dual genitive)
Перунъ (genitive plural)
Перуну (dative singular)
Перунома (dative dual)
Перуномъ (dative plural)
Перунъ (accusative singular)
Перуна (accusative dual)
Перунꙑ (accusative plural)
Перунъмь (instrumental singular)
Перунома (dual instrumental)
Перунꙑ (instrumental plural)
Перунѣ (locative singular)
Перуну (dual locative)
Перунѣхъ (locative plural)
Перуне (singular vocative)
Перуна (dual vocative)
Перуни (plural vocative)

Old Ruthenian: Перунъ (Perun)

Belarusian: Пяру́н (Pjarún)

Carpathian Rusyn: Перу́н (Perún)

Ukrainian: Перу́н (Perún)

Russian: Перу́н (Perún)


Велесъ

Velesŭ (romanization)
Велесъ (nominative singular)
Велеса (genitive singular)
Велесу (dative singular)
Велесъ (accusative singular)
Велесъмь (instrumental singular)
Велесѣ (locative singular)
Велесе (singular vocative)

(Slavic mythology) Veles (Slavic chthonic deity)


Дънѣпръ

head

Дънѣпръ (Dŭněprŭ) m

Dŭněprŭ (romanization)
Дънѣпръ (nominative singular)
Дънѣпра (genitive singular)
Дънѣпру (dative singular)
Дънѣпръ (accusative singular)
Дънѣпръмь (instrumental singular)
Дънѣпрѣ (locative singular)
Дънѣпре (singular vocative)

desctree

Old Ruthenian: Днѣпръ (Dněpr), Днѣпро́ (Dněpró)
Belarusian: Дняпро́ (Dnjapró), Днепр (Dnjepr)
Carpathian Rusyn: Днїпр (Dnjipr)
Ukrainian: Дніпро́ (Dnipró); Дніпр (Dnipr) (archaic); Дні́пер (Dníper) (dialectal)

Russian: Днепр (Dnepr)

From Proto-Slavic *Dъněprъ. Cognate with Ancient Greek Δάναπρις (Dánapris).

Dnieper (a river in Russia, Belarus and Ukraine)


Мьстиславъ

head

Мьстиславъ (Mĭstislavŭ) m

orv-proper noun

Мьстиславъ (Mĭstislavŭ) m

Mĭstislavŭ (romanization)
Мьстиславъ (nominative singular)
Мьстислава (dual nominative)
Мьстислави (nominative plural)
Мьстислава (genitive singular)
Мьстиславу (dual genitive)
Мьстиславъ (genitive plural)
Мьстиславу (dative singular)
Мьстиславома (dative dual)
Мьстиславомъ (dative plural)
Мьстиславъ (accusative singular)
Мьстислава (accusative dual)
Мьстиславꙑ (accusative plural)
Мьстиславъмь (instrumental singular)
Мьстиславома (dual instrumental)
Мьстиславꙑ (instrumental plural)
Мьстиславѣ (locative singular)
Мьстиславу (dual locative)
Мьстиславѣхъ (locative plural)
Мьстиславе (singular vocative)
Мьстислава (dual vocative)
Мьстислави (plural vocative)

orv-decl-noun

Мьстиславъмь

Мьстиславома

Мьстиславома

Мьстиславомъ

Мьстиславѣхъ

Russian: Мстислав (Mstislav)


Бѣло Ѥзеро

/bʲeːlɔ ˈɛzʲɛrɔ/

/bʲeːlɔ ˈɛzʲɛrɔ/

/bʲeːlɔ ˈɛzʲɛrɔ/

/bʲeːlɔ ˈɛzʲɛrɔ/

Бѣло Езеро
Бѣло Езеро#Old_East_Slavic

Alternative form of Бѣло Езеро (Bělo Ezero)


Ростовъ

Russian: Ростов (Rostov)

→ Old Norse: Ráðstofa, Rofstofa

Most probably related to Proto-Slavic *orstъ or a male name derived from it.


Суждаль

head

Суждаль (Suždalĭ) m

orv-proper noun

Суждаль (Suždalĭ) m

Russian: Суздаль (Suzdalʹ)

→ Old Norse: Súrdalir (plural)

→ Old Norse: Syrgisdalir (plural)

→ Old Norse: Súrsdal


Бѣло Езеро

Russian: Белоо́зеро (Beloózero)

/bʲeːlɔ ˈɛzʲɛrɔ/

/bʲeːlɔ ˈɛzʲɛrɔ/

/bʲeːlɔ ˈɛzʲɛrɔ/

/bʲeːlɔ ˈɛzʲɛrɔ/


Вѧчеславъ

head

Вѧчеславъ (Vęčeslavŭ) m

desc

Middle Russian: Вѧчеславъ (Vjačeslav), Вечеславъ (Večeslav)

Russian: Вячесла́в (Vjačesláv) (see there for further descendants)

desctree

Old Ruthenian: Вѧчеславъ (Vjačeslav)
Belarusian: Вячасла́ў (Vjačasláŭ), Вацлаў (Vaclaŭ)
Carpathian Rusyn: Вячесла́в (Vjačesláv)
Ukrainian: В'ячесла́в (Vʺjačesláv), Вячесла́в (Vjačesláv)

/ʋɛ̃t͡ɕɛˈslɑʋʊ/

/ʋʲat͡ɕɛˈslaʋʊ/

/ʋʲat͡ɕɛˈslaʋ/

/ʋɛ̃t͡ɕɛˈslɑʋʊ/

/ʋʲat͡ɕɛˈslaʋʊ/

/ʋʲat͡ɕɛˈslaʋ/

Вѧ‧че‧сла‧въ

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *Vęťeslàvъ. Cognate with Old Novgorodian Вѧцьславе (Vęćĭslave).


Дънѣстръ

head

Дънѣстръ (Dŭněstrŭ) m

Dŭněstrŭ (romanization)
Дънѣстръ (nominative singular)
Дънѣстра (genitive singular)
Дънѣстру (dative singular)
Дънѣстръ (accusative singular)
Дънѣстръмь (instrumental singular)
Дънѣстрѣ (locative singular)
Дънѣстре (singular vocative)

Russian: Днестр (Dnestr)

From Old Ossetic (Sarmatian) *dānu nazdya "the close river" (the Dnieper being the far one). The first element is from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰánwati << *dʰénh₂- ~ dʰn̥h₂-u- << Proto-Indo-European *dʰenh₂- (“to flow”).

der

A river in Eastern Europe, flowing through Ukraine and Moldova to the Black Sea.


стръи

Alternative form of стрꙑи (stryi, “paternal uncle”)


Мокошь

head

Мокошь (Mokošĭ) f

orv-proper noun

Мокошь (Mokošĭ) f

Mokošĭ (romanization)
Мокошь (nominative singular)
Мокоши (genitive singular)
Мокоши (dative singular)
Мокошь (accusative singular)
Мокошиѭ (instrumental singular)
Мокоши (locative singular)
Мокоши (singular vocative)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *Mokošь. By surface analysis, *мокꙑ (*moky) + -ошь (-ošĭ).

surf

и постави кумирꙑ на холму · внѣ двора теремнаго · перуна древѧна · а главу его сребрену · а оусъ ꙁлатъ · и хърса дажьб҃а · и стриб҃а · и симарьгла · и мокошь

And he placed idols on the hill outside the palace: a Perun in wood with a silver head and a gold moustache, and Khors Dazhbog and Stribog and Simargl and Mokosh.

i postavi kumiry na xolmu · vně dvora teremnago · peruna drevęna · a glavu ego srebrenu · a usŭ zlatŭ · i xŭrsa dažĭb:a · i strib:a · i simarĭgla · i mokošĭ


Мокошиѭ

head

Мокошиѭ (Mokošijǫ)

instrumental singular of Мокошь (Mokošĭ)


Мокоши

Мокоши (Mokoši)

genitive/dative/locative/vocative singular of Мокошь (Mokošĭ)