око

desctree

Old Ruthenian: о́ко (óko), во́ко (vóko)
Belarusian: во́ка (vóka)
Carpathian Rusyn: о́ко (óko), во́ко (vóko)
Ukrainian: о́ко (óko), во́ко (vóko); го́ко (hóko) (dialectal)

Russian: о́ко (óko) (dated, archaic)


баба

baba (romanization)
баба (nominative singular)
бабѣ (dual nominative)
бабꙑ (nominative plural)
бабꙑ (genitive singular)
бабу (dual genitive)
бабъ (genitive plural)
бабѣ (dative singular)
бабама (dative dual)
бабамъ (dative plural)
бабѫ (accusative singular)
бабѣ (accusative dual)
бабꙑ (accusative plural)
бабоѭ (instrumental singular)
бабама (dual instrumental)
бабами (instrumental plural)
бабѣ (locative singular)
бабу (dual locative)
бабахъ (locative plural)
бабо (singular vocative)
бабѣ (dual vocative)
бабꙑ (plural vocative)

Russian: ба́ба (bába)

Ukrainian: ба́ба (bába)


мати

mati (romanization)
мати (nominative singular)
матери (dual nominative)
матере (nominative plural)
матере (genitive singular)
матеру (dual genitive)
матеръ (genitive plural)
матери (dative singular)
матерьма (dative dual)
матерьмъ (dative plural)
матерь (accusative singular)
матери (accusative dual)
матери (accusative plural)
матерьѭ (instrumental singular)
матерьма (dual instrumental)
матерьми (instrumental plural)
матере (locative singular)
матеру (dual locative)
матерьхъ (locative plural)
мати (singular vocative)
матери (dual vocative)
матере (plural vocative)

Belarusian: ма́ці (máci)

Russian: мать (matʹ), ма́ти (máti) (archaic)

Carpathian Rusyn: ма́ти (máty)

Ukrainian: ма́ти (máty)


нога

noga (romanization)
нога (nominative singular)
нозѣ (dual nominative)
ногꙑ (nominative plural)
ногꙑ (genitive singular)
ногу (dual genitive)
ногъ (genitive plural)
нозѣ (dative singular)
ногама (dative dual)
ногамъ (dative plural)
ногѫ (accusative singular)
нозѣ (accusative dual)
ногꙑ (accusative plural)
ногоѭ (instrumental singular)
ногама (dual instrumental)
ногами (instrumental plural)
нозѣ (locative singular)
ногу (dual locative)
ногахъ (locative plural)
ного (singular vocative)
нозѣ (dual vocative)
ногꙑ (plural vocative)

Belarusian: нага́ (nahá)

Russian: нога́ (nogá)

Carpathian Rusyn: нога́ (nohá)

Ukrainian: нога́ (nohá)


пизда

pizda (romanization)
пизда (nominative singular)
пиздѣ (dual nominative)
пиздꙑ (nominative plural)
пиздꙑ (genitive singular)
пизду (dual genitive)
пиздъ (genitive plural)
пиздѣ (dative singular)
пиздама (dative dual)
пиздамъ (dative plural)
пиздѫ (accusative singular)
пиздѣ (accusative dual)
пиздꙑ (accusative plural)
пиздоѭ (instrumental singular)
пиздама (dual instrumental)
пиздами (instrumental plural)
пиздѣ (locative singular)
пизду (dual locative)
пиздахъ (locative plural)
пиздо (singular vocative)
пиздѣ (dual vocative)
пиздꙑ (plural vocative)

Middle Russian: пизда́ (pizdá)

Russian: пизда́ (pizdá)
→ Mongolian: пизда (pizda)
→ Ukrainian: пізда́ (pizdá)

Old Ruthenian: *пизда́ (*pizdá)
Belarusian: пізда́ (pizdá)
Carpathian Rusyn: пизда́ (pyzdá)
Ukrainian: пизда́ (pyzdá)

PIE word
 *písdeh₂
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *pīzdà (“vulva”). Cognate with Old Novgorodian пиꙁда (pizda).
First attested in the second half of the 11th century as пиꙁъда (pizŭda) in an inscription on a stone in Saint Sophia Cathedral in Polotsk, Belarus.

etydate

… дъ пиꙁдꙑ

Gippius, A. A., Sichinava, D. V. (2021) “Поправки и замечания к чтению ранее опубликованных берестяных грамот (НГБ. Т. 13)]”, in Русский язык в научном освещении [Russian Language and Linguistic Theory] (in Russian), number 2, Moscow: Russian Language Institute, →DOI, →ISSN, page 245

Saint Sophia Cathedral in Polotsk
be:Іна Леанідаўна Калечыц


мѫжь

head

мѫжь (mǫžĭ) m

orv-noun

мѫжь (mǫžĭ) m

mǫžĭ (romanization)
мѫжь (nominative singular)
мѫжа (dual nominative)
мѫжи (nominative plural)
мѫжа (genitive singular)
мѫжу (dual genitive)
мѫжь (genitive plural)
мѫжу (dative singular)
мѫжема (dative dual)
мѫжемъ (dative plural)
мѫжь (accusative singular)
мѫжа (accusative dual)
мѫжѣ (accusative plural)
мѫжьмь (instrumental singular)
мѫжема (dual instrumental)
мѫжи (instrumental plural)
мѫжи (locative singular)
мѫжу (dual locative)
мѫжихъ (locative plural)
мѫжу (singular vocative)
мѫжа (dual vocative)
мѫжи (plural vocative)

Old Ruthenian: мужъ (muž)

Belarusian: муж (muž)

Carpathian Rusyn: муж (muž)

Ukrainian: муж (muž)

Russian: муж (muž)

From Proto-Slavic *mǫžь. Cognates include Old Church Slavonic мѫжь (mǫžĭ) and Old Polish mąż.


ѩзꙑкъ

językŭ (romanization)
ѩзꙑчькъ (diminutive)
ѩзꙑкъ (nominative singular)
ѩзꙑка (dual nominative)
ѩзꙑци (nominative plural)
ѩзꙑка (genitive singular)
ѩзꙑку (dual genitive)
ѩзꙑкъ (genitive plural)
ѩзꙑку (dative singular)
ѩзꙑкома (dative dual)
ѩзꙑкомъ (dative plural)
ѩзꙑкъ (accusative singular)
ѩзꙑка (accusative dual)
ѩзꙑкꙑ (accusative plural)
ѩзꙑкъмь (instrumental singular)
ѩзꙑкома (dual instrumental)
ѩзꙑкꙑ (instrumental plural)
ѩзꙑцѣ (locative singular)
ѩзꙑку (dual locative)
ѩзꙑцѣхъ (locative plural)
ѩзꙑче (singular vocative)
ѩзꙑка (dual vocative)
ѩзꙑци (plural vocative)

desctree

Old Ruthenian: ѧзы́къ (jazýk), єзы́къ (jezýk)
Belarusian: язы́к (jazýk)
Carpathian Rusyn: язы́к (jazŷ́k)
Ukrainian: язи́к (jazýk)

Russian: язы́к (jazýk)

From Proto-Slavic *(j)ęzykъ (“tongue, language”), from Proto-Indo-European *dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s (“tongue”). Cognate with Old Church Slavonic ѩзꙑкъ (językŭ). See also Lithuanian liežùvis, Old Prussian insuwis.

inh

Сиѩ посъла Иісусъ, заповѣдавъ имъ глаголѩ: на пѫть ꙗзꙑкъ неидѣте, и въ градъ самареискъ не вънидѣте.

1056-1057, Остромирово евангелие (Ostromir Gospels), Matthew 10:5

These twelve Jesus sent forth, and commanded them, saying, Go not into the way of the Gentiles, and into any city of the Samaritans enter ye not.

Siję posŭla Iisusŭ, zapovědavŭ imŭ glagolję: na pǫtĭ jazykŭ neiděte, i vŭ gradŭ samareiskŭ ne vŭniděte.

(in the plural) gentiles, pagans, heathens


жена

head

жена (žena) f (diminutive женъка or жонъка)

žena (romanization)
женъка (diminutive)
жонъка (diminutive)
жена (nominative singular)
женѣ (dual nominative)
женꙑ (nominative plural)
женꙑ (genitive singular)
жену (dual genitive)
женъ (genitive plural)
женѣ (dative singular)
женама (dative dual)
женамъ (dative plural)
женѫ (accusative singular)
женѣ (accusative dual)
женꙑ (accusative plural)
женоѭ (instrumental singular)
женама (dual instrumental)
женами (instrumental plural)
женѣ (locative singular)
жену (dual locative)
женахъ (locative plural)
жено (singular vocative)
женѣ (dual vocative)
женꙑ (plural vocative)

desc

Old Ruthenian: жена (žena), жана (žana), жона (žona)

Belarusian: жана́ (žaná) (dated)

Carpathian Rusyn: жона́ (žoná), же́на (žéna) (Lemko)

Ukrainian: жона́ (žoná) (dated)

Russian: жена́ (žená)


отьць

head

отьць (otĭcĭ) m

otĭcĭ (romanization)
отьць (nominative singular)
отьца (dual nominative)
отьци (nominative plural)
отьца (genitive singular)
отьцу (dual genitive)
отьць (genitive plural)
отьцу (dative singular)
отьцема (dative dual)
отьцемъ (dative plural)
отьць (accusative singular)
отьца (accusative dual)
отьцѣ (accusative plural)
отьцьмь (instrumental singular)
отьцема (dual instrumental)
отьци (instrumental plural)
отьци (locative singular)
отьцу (dual locative)
отьцихъ (locative plural)
отьче (singular vocative)
отьца (dual vocative)
отьци (plural vocative)

Belarusian: аце́ц (acjéc)

Russian: оте́ц (otéc)

Carpathian Rusyn: оте́ць (otécʹ)

Ukrainian: оте́ць (otécʹ), (dialectal) оти́ць (otýcʹ), воти́ц (votýc), вуте́ц (vutéc), віте́ц (vitéc)

/ɔˈtʲɪt͡sʲɪ/

/ɔˈtʲɪt͡sʲɪ/

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *otьcь. Cognates include Old Church Slavonic отьць (otĭcĭ) and Old Polish ociec.


сꙑнъ

synŭ (romanization)
сꙑнъкъ (diminutive)
сꙑнъ (nominative singular)
сꙑнꙑ (dual nominative)
сꙑнове (nominative plural)
сꙑну (genitive singular)
сꙑна (genitive singular)
сꙑнову (dual genitive)
сꙑновъ (genitive plural)
сꙑнови (dative singular)
сꙑну (dative singular)
сꙑнъма (dative dual)
сꙑнъмъ (dative plural)
сꙑнъ (accusative singular)
сꙑна (accusative singular)
сꙑнꙑ (accusative dual)
сꙑнꙑ (accusative plural)
сꙑнъмь (instrumental singular)
сꙑнъма (dual instrumental)
сꙑнъми (instrumental plural)
сꙑну (locative singular)
сꙑнову (dual locative)
сꙑнъхъ (locative plural)
сꙑну (singular vocative)
сꙑнꙑ (dual vocative)
сꙑнове (plural vocative)

orv-decl-noun

сꙑнови, сꙑну

Old Ruthenian: сынъ (syn)

Belarusian: сын (syn)

Carpathian Rusyn: сын (sŷn)

Ukrainian: син (syn)

Russian: сын (syn)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *synъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *sū́ˀnus, from Proto-Indo-European *suHnús.


дѣва

děva (romanization)
дѣва (nominative singular)
дѣвѣ (dual nominative)
дѣвꙑ (nominative plural)
дѣвꙑ (genitive singular)
дѣву (dual genitive)
дѣвъ (genitive plural)
дѣвѣ (dative singular)
дѣвама (dative dual)
дѣвамъ (dative plural)
дѣвѫ (accusative singular)
дѣвѣ (accusative dual)
дѣвꙑ (accusative plural)
дѣвоѭ (instrumental singular)
дѣвама (dual instrumental)
дѣвами (instrumental plural)
дѣвѣ (locative singular)
дѣву (dual locative)
дѣвахъ (locative plural)
дѣво (singular vocative)
дѣвѣ (dual vocative)
дѣвꙑ (plural vocative)

Russian: де́ва (déva)

Ukrainian: діва (diva)

From Proto-Slavic *děva (“maiden, girl”).


крꙑ

kry (romanization)
крꙑ (nominative singular)
кръви (dual nominative)
кръви (nominative plural)
кръве (genitive singular)
кръву (dual genitive)
кръвъ (genitive plural)
кръви (dative singular)
кръвама (dative dual)
кръвамъ (dative plural)
кръвь (accusative singular)
кръви (accusative dual)
кръви (accusative plural)
кръвиѭ (instrumental singular)
кръвьѭ (instrumental singular)
кръвама (dual instrumental)
кръвами (instrumental plural)
кръве (locative singular)
кръву (dual locative)
кръвахъ (locative plural)
крꙑ (singular vocative)
кръви (dual vocative)
кръви (plural vocative)

кръвиѭ, кръвьѭ

Old Ruthenian: кровь (krovʹ)

Belarusian: кроў (kroŭ)

Ukrainian: кров (krov), крів (kriv) (dialectal)

Russian: кровь (krovʹ)


носъ

Belarusian: нос (nos)

Russian: нос (nos)

Carpathian Rusyn: нос (nos)

Ukrainian: ніс (nis)


грива

griva (romanization)
грива (nominative singular)
гривѣ (dual nominative)
гривꙑ (nominative plural)
гривꙑ (genitive singular)
гриву (dual genitive)
гривъ (genitive plural)
гривѣ (dative singular)
гривама (dative dual)
гривамъ (dative plural)
гривѫ (accusative singular)
гривѣ (accusative dual)
гривꙑ (accusative plural)
гривоѭ (instrumental singular)
гривама (dual instrumental)
гривами (instrumental plural)
гривѣ (locative singular)
гриву (dual locative)
гривахъ (locative plural)
гриво (singular vocative)
гривѣ (dual vocative)
гривꙑ (plural vocative)


волосъ

volosŭ (romanization)
волосъ (nominative singular)
волоса (dual nominative)
волоси (nominative plural)
волоса (genitive singular)
волосу (dual genitive)
волосъ (genitive plural)
волосу (dative singular)
волосома (dative dual)
волосомъ (dative plural)
волосъ (accusative singular)
волоса (accusative dual)
волосꙑ (accusative plural)
волосъмь (instrumental singular)
волосома (dual instrumental)
волосꙑ (instrumental plural)
волосѣ (locative singular)
волосу (dual locative)
волосѣхъ (locative plural)
волосе (singular vocative)
волоса (dual vocative)
волоси (plural vocative)

Old Ruthenian: во́лосъ (vólos)

Belarusian: во́лас (vólas)

Carpathian Rusyn: во́лос (vólos)

Ukrainian: во́лос (vólos)

Russian: во́лос (vólos)


бръвь

head

бръвь (brŭvĭ) f

orv-noun

бръвь (brŭvĭ) f

Belarusian: брыво́ (bryvó)

Russian: бровь (brovʹ)

Ukrainian: брова́ (brová)

From Proto-Slavic *bry, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *brū́ˀs, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃bʰrúHs.


ꙗзꙑкъ

jazykŭ (romanization)
ꙗзꙑчькъ (diminutive)
ꙗзꙑкъ (nominative singular)
ꙗзꙑка (dual nominative)
ꙗзꙑци (nominative plural)
ꙗзꙑка (genitive singular)
ꙗзꙑку (dual genitive)
ꙗзꙑкъ (genitive plural)
ꙗзꙑку (dative singular)
ꙗзꙑкома (dative dual)
ꙗзꙑкомъ (dative plural)
ꙗзꙑкъ (accusative singular)
ꙗзꙑка (accusative dual)
ꙗзꙑкꙑ (accusative plural)
ꙗзꙑкъмь (instrumental singular)
ꙗзꙑкома (dual instrumental)
ꙗзꙑкꙑ (instrumental plural)
ꙗзꙑцѣ (locative singular)
ꙗзꙑку (dual locative)
ꙗзꙑцѣхъ (locative plural)
ꙗзꙑче (singular vocative)
ꙗзꙑка (dual vocative)
ꙗзꙑци (plural vocative)

Alternative spelling of ѧзꙑкъ (językŭ, “tongue; language, speech”)


зѣница

zěnica (romanization)
зѣница (nominative singular)
зѣници (dual nominative)
зѣницѣ (nominative plural)
зѣницѣ (genitive singular)
зѣницу (dual genitive)
зѣниць (genitive plural)
зѣници (dative singular)
зѣницама (dative dual)
зѣницамъ (dative plural)
зѣницѫ (accusative singular)
зѣници (accusative dual)
зѣницѣ (accusative plural)
зѣницеѭ (instrumental singular)
зѣницама (dual instrumental)
зѣницами (instrumental plural)
зѣници (locative singular)
зѣницу (dual locative)
зѣницахъ (locative plural)
зѣнице (singular vocative)
зѣници (dual vocative)
зѣницѣ (plural vocative)


братъ

bratŭ (romanization)
братъ (nominative singular)
брата (dual nominative)
брати (nominative plural)
брата (genitive singular)
брату (dual genitive)
братъ (genitive plural)
брату (dative singular)
братома (dative dual)
братомъ (dative plural)
братъ (accusative singular)
брата (accusative dual)
братꙑ (accusative plural)
братъмь (instrumental singular)
братома (dual instrumental)
братꙑ (instrumental plural)
братѣ (locative singular)
брату (dual locative)
братѣхъ (locative plural)
брате (singular vocative)
брата (dual vocative)
брати (plural vocative)

Old Ruthenian: братъ (brat)

Belarusian: брат (brat)

Carpathian Rusyn: брат (brat)

Ukrainian: брат (brat)

Russian: брат (brat) (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Slavic *bràtъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *brā́ˀtē, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰréh₂tēr.


батѧ

batę (romanization)
батѧ (nominative singular)
батѧтѣ (dual nominative)
батѧта (nominative plural)
батѧте (genitive singular)
батѧту (dual genitive)
батѧтъ (genitive plural)
батѧти (dative singular)
батѧтьма (dative dual)
батѧтьмъ (dative plural)
батѧ (accusative singular)
батѧтѣ (accusative dual)
батѧта (accusative plural)
батѧтьмь (instrumental singular)
батѧтьма (dual instrumental)
батѧтꙑ (instrumental plural)
батѧте (locative singular)
батѧту (dual locative)
батѧтьхъ (locative plural)
батѧ (singular vocative)
батѧтѣ (dual vocative)
батѧта (plural vocative)

Old Ruthenian: ба́тѧ (bátja)

Belarusian: ба́ця (bácja)

Ukrainian: ба́тя (bátja)

Russian: ба́тя (bátja)

ѿдаваєть ти батѧ черниговъ а съ мною въ любви поживи.

Father is giving you Chernihiv, but live in peace with me.

otŭdavajetĭ ti batę černigovŭ a sŭ mnoju vŭ ljubvi poživi.


нѣмьць

head

нѣмьць (němĭcĭ) m

orv-noun

нѣмьць (němĭcĭ) m

němĭcĭ (romanization)
нѣмьць (nominative singular)
нѣмьца (dual nominative)
нѣмьци (nominative plural)
нѣмьца (genitive singular)
нѣмьцу (dual genitive)
нѣмьць (genitive plural)
нѣмьцу (dative singular)
нѣмьцема (dative dual)
нѣмьцемъ (dative plural)
нѣмьць (accusative singular)
нѣмьца (accusative dual)
нѣмьцѣ (accusative plural)
нѣмьцьмь (instrumental singular)
нѣмьцема (dual instrumental)
нѣмьци (instrumental plural)
нѣмьци (locative singular)
нѣмьцу (dual locative)
нѣмьцихъ (locative plural)
нѣмьцу (singular vocative)
нѣмьца (dual vocative)
нѣмьци (plural vocative)

desc

Old Ruthenian: нѣмецъ (němecʹ), нѣмець (němecʹ)

Belarusian: не́мец (njémjec)

Ukrainian: ні́мець (nímecʹ)

Russian: не́мец (némec)

/ˈneːmɪˈt͡sʲɪ/

/ˈnʲeːmʲɪˈt͡sʲɪ/

/ˈnʲɛːmʲˈt͡sʲɛ/

/ˈnʲeːmʲˈt͡sʲɛ/

/ˈneːmɪˈt͡sʲɪ/

/ˈnʲeːmʲɪˈt͡sʲɪ/

/ˈnʲɛːmʲˈt͡sʲɛ/

/ˈnʲeːmʲˈt͡sʲɛ/

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *němьcь. By surface analysis, нѣмъ (němŭ) + -ьць (-ĭcĭ).

surf

German, Teuton (member of a Germanic tribe)


ѧзꙑкъ

językŭ (romanization)
ѧзꙑчькъ (diminutive)
ѧзꙑкъ (nominative singular)
ѧзꙑка (dual nominative)
ѧзꙑци (nominative plural)
ѧзꙑка (genitive singular)
ѧзꙑку (dual genitive)
ѧзꙑкъ (genitive plural)
ѧзꙑку (dative singular)
ѧзꙑкома (dative dual)
ѧзꙑкомъ (dative plural)
ѧзꙑкъ (accusative singular)
ѧзꙑка (accusative dual)
ѧзꙑкꙑ (accusative plural)
ѧзꙑкъмь (instrumental singular)
ѧзꙑкома (dual instrumental)
ѧзꙑкꙑ (instrumental plural)
ѧзꙑцѣ (locative singular)
ѧзꙑку (dual locative)
ѧзꙑцѣхъ (locative plural)
ѧзꙑче (singular vocative)
ѧзꙑка (dual vocative)
ѧзꙑци (plural vocative)

Russian: язы́к (jazýk)

From Proto-Slavic *ęzykъ (“tongue, language”), from Proto-Indo-European *dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s (“tongue”). Cognate with Old Church Slavonic ѩзꙑкъ (językŭ). See also Lithuanian liežùvis, Old Prussian insuwis.