баба

baba (romanization)
баба (nominative singular)
бабѣ (dual nominative)
бабꙑ (nominative plural)
бабꙑ (genitive singular)
бабу (dual genitive)
бабъ (genitive plural)
бабѣ (dative singular)
бабама (dative dual)
бабамъ (dative plural)
бабѫ (accusative singular)
бабѣ (accusative dual)
бабꙑ (accusative plural)
бабоѭ (instrumental singular)
бабама (dual instrumental)
бабами (instrumental plural)
бабѣ (locative singular)
бабу (dual locative)
бабахъ (locative plural)
бабо (singular vocative)
бабѣ (dual vocative)
бабꙑ (plural vocative)

Russian: ба́ба (bába)

Ukrainian: ба́ба (bába)


мати

mati (romanization)
мати (nominative singular)
матери (dual nominative)
матере (nominative plural)
матере (genitive singular)
матеру (dual genitive)
матеръ (genitive plural)
матери (dative singular)
матерьма (dative dual)
матерьмъ (dative plural)
матерь (accusative singular)
матери (accusative dual)
матери (accusative plural)
матерьѭ (instrumental singular)
матерьма (dual instrumental)
матерьми (instrumental plural)
матере (locative singular)
матеру (dual locative)
матерьхъ (locative plural)
мати (singular vocative)
матери (dual vocative)
матере (plural vocative)

Belarusian: ма́ці (máci)

Russian: мать (matʹ), ма́ти (máti) (archaic)

Carpathian Rusyn: ма́ти (máty)

Ukrainian: ма́ти (máty)


гость

gostĭ (romanization)
гость (nominative singular)
гости (dual nominative)
гостие (nominative plural)
гости (genitive singular)
гостию (dual genitive)
гостии (genitive plural)
гости (dative singular)
гостьма (dative dual)
гостьмъ (dative plural)
гость (accusative singular)
гости (accusative dual)
гости (accusative plural)
гостьмь (instrumental singular)
гостьма (dual instrumental)
гостьми (instrumental plural)
гости (locative singular)
гостию (dual locative)
гостьхъ (locative plural)
гости (singular vocative)
гости (dual vocative)
гостие (plural vocative)

Belarusian: госць (hoscʹ)

Russian: гость (gostʹ)

Carpathian Rusyn: гость (hostʹ)

Ukrainian: гість (histʹ)

From Proto-Slavic *gȍstь, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *gástis, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰóstis.


мѫжь

head

мѫжь (mǫžĭ) m

orv-noun

мѫжь (mǫžĭ) m

mǫžĭ (romanization)
мѫжь (nominative singular)
мѫжа (dual nominative)
мѫжи (nominative plural)
мѫжа (genitive singular)
мѫжу (dual genitive)
мѫжь (genitive plural)
мѫжу (dative singular)
мѫжема (dative dual)
мѫжемъ (dative plural)
мѫжь (accusative singular)
мѫжа (accusative dual)
мѫжѣ (accusative plural)
мѫжьмь (instrumental singular)
мѫжема (dual instrumental)
мѫжи (instrumental plural)
мѫжи (locative singular)
мѫжу (dual locative)
мѫжихъ (locative plural)
мѫжу (singular vocative)
мѫжа (dual vocative)
мѫжи (plural vocative)

Old Ruthenian: мужъ (muž)

Belarusian: муж (muž)

Carpathian Rusyn: муж (muž)

Ukrainian: муж (muž)

Russian: муж (muž)

From Proto-Slavic *mǫžь. Cognates include Old Church Slavonic мѫжь (mǫžĭ) and Old Polish mąż.


ѩзꙑкъ

językŭ (romanization)
ѩзꙑчькъ (diminutive)
ѩзꙑкъ (nominative singular)
ѩзꙑка (dual nominative)
ѩзꙑци (nominative plural)
ѩзꙑка (genitive singular)
ѩзꙑку (dual genitive)
ѩзꙑкъ (genitive plural)
ѩзꙑку (dative singular)
ѩзꙑкома (dative dual)
ѩзꙑкомъ (dative plural)
ѩзꙑкъ (accusative singular)
ѩзꙑка (accusative dual)
ѩзꙑкꙑ (accusative plural)
ѩзꙑкъмь (instrumental singular)
ѩзꙑкома (dual instrumental)
ѩзꙑкꙑ (instrumental plural)
ѩзꙑцѣ (locative singular)
ѩзꙑку (dual locative)
ѩзꙑцѣхъ (locative plural)
ѩзꙑче (singular vocative)
ѩзꙑка (dual vocative)
ѩзꙑци (plural vocative)

desctree

Old Ruthenian: ѧзы́къ (jazýk), єзы́къ (jezýk)
Belarusian: язы́к (jazýk)
Carpathian Rusyn: язы́к (jazŷ́k)
Ukrainian: язи́к (jazýk)

Russian: язы́к (jazýk)

From Proto-Slavic *(j)ęzykъ (“tongue, language”), from Proto-Indo-European *dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s (“tongue”). Cognate with Old Church Slavonic ѩзꙑкъ (językŭ). See also Lithuanian liežùvis, Old Prussian insuwis.

inh

В Афетовѣ же части сѣдить Русь . Чюдь . и вси ꙗзꙑцѣ: Мерѧ . Мурома . Всь . Мордва […]
V Afetově že časti sěditĭ Rusĭ . Čjudĭ . i vsi jazycě: Merę . Muroma . Vsĭ . Mordva […]
In the share of Japheth lies Rus, Chud, and all the tribes: Merya, Muroma, Ves, Mordva […]

circa 1420, Ипатьевская летопись (Hypatian Codex), the Primary Chronicle, introduction

И они, ѣхавше, ꙗзꙑкъ ꙗша за Холохолномъ и приведоша ко князю Олигерду; и онъ поведа силу велику Нѣмецкиꙗ рати подъ городомъ Изборскомъ […]
I oni, jěxavše, jazykŭ jaša za Xoloxolnomŭ i privedoša ko knjazju Oligerdu; i onŭ poveda silu veliku Německija rati podŭ gorodomŭ Izborskomŭ […]

1481, Псковская первая летопись (Pskov First Chronicle), s.a. 6849 (1341)

And they, while getting there, found a native by the Holoholn and brought [him] to Algirdas; and he told about a great force of the Teutons near the Izborsk town […]

a prisoner for interrogation, captive that can reveal information on the enemy

[…] а то есть не скотъ, нелзѣ рѣчи: не вѣдаю, у кого есми купилъ; по ꙗзꙑку ити до конца […]
[…] a to jestĭ ne skotŭ, nelzě rěči: ne vědaju, u kogo jesmi kupilŭ; po jazyku iti do konca […]

circa 1280, Пространная версия Русской правды (Vast Edition of the Russian Law) 33

[…] for [the servant] is not cattle, and one cannot say: I don't know who I bought him from; but [one has to] according to [the servant's] testimony search for [the real thief] […]


жена

head

жена (žena) f (diminutive женъка or жонъка)

žena (romanization)
женъка (diminutive)
жонъка (diminutive)
жена (nominative singular)
женѣ (dual nominative)
женꙑ (nominative plural)
женꙑ (genitive singular)
жену (dual genitive)
женъ (genitive plural)
женѣ (dative singular)
женама (dative dual)
женамъ (dative plural)
женѫ (accusative singular)
женѣ (accusative dual)
женꙑ (accusative plural)
женоѭ (instrumental singular)
женама (dual instrumental)
женами (instrumental plural)
женѣ (locative singular)
жену (dual locative)
женахъ (locative plural)
жено (singular vocative)
женѣ (dual vocative)
женꙑ (plural vocative)

desc

Old Ruthenian: жена (žena), жана (žana), жона (žona)

Belarusian: жана́ (žaná) (dated)

Carpathian Rusyn: жона́ (žoná), же́на (žéna) (Lemko)

Ukrainian: жона́ (žoná) (dated)

Russian: жена́ (žená)


сꙑнъ

synŭ (romanization)
сꙑнъкъ (diminutive)
сꙑнъ (nominative singular)
сꙑнꙑ (dual nominative)
сꙑнове (nominative plural)
сꙑну (genitive singular)
сꙑна (genitive singular)
сꙑнову (dual genitive)
сꙑновъ (genitive plural)
сꙑнови (dative singular)
сꙑну (dative singular)
сꙑнъма (dative dual)
сꙑнъмъ (dative plural)
сꙑнъ (accusative singular)
сꙑна (accusative singular)
сꙑнꙑ (accusative dual)
сꙑнꙑ (accusative plural)
сꙑнъмь (instrumental singular)
сꙑнъма (dual instrumental)
сꙑнъми (instrumental plural)
сꙑну (locative singular)
сꙑнову (dual locative)
сꙑнъхъ (locative plural)
сꙑну (singular vocative)
сꙑнꙑ (dual vocative)
сꙑнове (plural vocative)

orv-decl-noun

сꙑнови, сꙑну

Old Ruthenian: сынъ (syn)

Belarusian: сын (syn)

Carpathian Rusyn: сын (sŷn)

Ukrainian: син (syn)

Russian: сын (syn)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *synъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *sū́ˀnus, from Proto-Indo-European *suHnús.


отьць

head

отьць (otĭcĭ) m

otĭcĭ (romanization)
отьць (nominative singular)
отьца (dual nominative)
отьци (nominative plural)
отьца (genitive singular)
отьцу (dual genitive)
отьць (genitive plural)
отьцу (dative singular)
отьцема (dative dual)
отьцемъ (dative plural)
отьць (accusative singular)
отьца (accusative dual)
отьцѣ (accusative plural)
отьцьмь (instrumental singular)
отьцема (dual instrumental)
отьци (instrumental plural)
отьци (locative singular)
отьцу (dual locative)
отьцихъ (locative plural)
отьче (singular vocative)
отьца (dual vocative)
отьци (plural vocative)

Belarusian: аце́ц (acjéc)

Russian: оте́ц (otéc)

Carpathian Rusyn: оте́ць (otécʹ)

Ukrainian: оте́ць (otécʹ), (dialectal) оти́ць (otýcʹ), воти́ц (votýc), вуте́ц (vutéc), віте́ц (vitéc)

/ɔˈtʲɪt͡sʲɪ/

/ɔˈtʲɪt͡sʲɪ/

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *otьcь. Cognates include Old Church Slavonic отьць (otĭcĭ) and Old Polish ociec.


дѣва

děva (romanization)
дѣва (nominative singular)
дѣвѣ (dual nominative)
дѣвꙑ (nominative plural)
дѣвꙑ (genitive singular)
дѣву (dual genitive)
дѣвъ (genitive plural)
дѣвѣ (dative singular)
дѣвама (dative dual)
дѣвамъ (dative plural)
дѣвѫ (accusative singular)
дѣвѣ (accusative dual)
дѣвꙑ (accusative plural)
дѣвоѭ (instrumental singular)
дѣвама (dual instrumental)
дѣвами (instrumental plural)
дѣвѣ (locative singular)
дѣву (dual locative)
дѣвахъ (locative plural)
дѣво (singular vocative)
дѣвѣ (dual vocative)
дѣвꙑ (plural vocative)

Russian: де́ва (déva)

Ukrainian: діва (diva)

From Proto-Slavic *děva (“maiden, girl”).


правитель

pravitelĭ (romanization)
правитель (nominative singular)
правители (dual nominative)
правителие (nominative plural)
правители (genitive singular)
правителию (dual genitive)
правителии (genitive plural)
правители (dative singular)
правительма (dative dual)
правительмъ (dative plural)
правитель (accusative singular)
правители (accusative dual)
правители (accusative plural)
правительмь (instrumental singular)
правительма (dual instrumental)
правительми (instrumental plural)
правители (locative singular)
правителию (dual locative)
правительхъ (locative plural)
правители (singular vocative)
правители (dual vocative)
правителие (plural vocative)

Old Ruthenian: прави́тель (pravítelʹ)

Belarusian: праві́цель (pravícjelʹ)

desc

Carpathian Rusyn: (dated) прави́тель (pravýtelʹ)

Ukrainian: прави́тель (pravýtelʹ)

Russian: прави́тель (pravítelʹ)

пра‧ви‧те‧ль

From правити (praviti, “to lead”) + -тель (-telĭ). Akin to Old Church Slavonic правитель (pravitelĭ).

cog

рекоу же· оуꙁда коневи правитель ѥсть и въꙁдьржаниѥ·

But I say: A bridle is a leader to a horse and a restriction.

reku že· uzda konevi pravitelĭ jestĭ i vŭzdĭržanije·


ꙗзꙑкъ

jazykŭ (romanization)
ꙗзꙑчькъ (diminutive)
ꙗзꙑкъ (nominative singular)
ꙗзꙑка (dual nominative)
ꙗзꙑци (nominative plural)
ꙗзꙑка (genitive singular)
ꙗзꙑку (dual genitive)
ꙗзꙑкъ (genitive plural)
ꙗзꙑку (dative singular)
ꙗзꙑкома (dative dual)
ꙗзꙑкомъ (dative plural)
ꙗзꙑкъ (accusative singular)
ꙗзꙑка (accusative dual)
ꙗзꙑкꙑ (accusative plural)
ꙗзꙑкъмь (instrumental singular)
ꙗзꙑкома (dual instrumental)
ꙗзꙑкꙑ (instrumental plural)
ꙗзꙑцѣ (locative singular)
ꙗзꙑку (dual locative)
ꙗзꙑцѣхъ (locative plural)
ꙗзꙑче (singular vocative)
ꙗзꙑка (dual vocative)
ꙗзꙑци (plural vocative)

Alternative spelling of ѧзꙑкъ (językŭ, “tongue; language, speech”)


дѣтѧ

head

дѣтѧ (dětę) n

orv-noun

дѣтѧ (dětę) n

dětę (romanization)
дѣтѧ (nominative singular)
дѣтѧтѣ (dual nominative)
дѣтѧта (nominative plural)
дѣтѧте (genitive singular)
дѣтѧту (dual genitive)
дѣтѧтъ (genitive plural)
дѣтѧти (dative singular)
дѣтѧтьма (dative dual)
дѣтѧтьмъ (dative plural)
дѣтѧ (accusative singular)
дѣтѧтѣ (accusative dual)
дѣтѧта (accusative plural)
дѣтѧтьмь (instrumental singular)
дѣтѧтьма (dual instrumental)
дѣтѧтꙑ (instrumental plural)
дѣтѧте (locative singular)
дѣтѧту (dual locative)
дѣтѧтьхъ (locative plural)
дѣтѧ (singular vocative)
дѣтѧтѣ (dual vocative)
дѣтѧта (plural vocative)

desc

Old Ruthenian: дѣтѧ́ (dětjá), дитѧ́ (ditjá)

Belarusian: дзіця́ (dzicjá)

Carpathian Rusyn: дї́тя (djítja)

Ukrainian: дитя́ (dytjá)

Russian: дитя́ (ditjá)

From Proto-Slavic *dětę. Cognates include Old Church Slavonic дѣтѧ (dětę) and Old Polish dziecię.


братъ

bratŭ (romanization)
братъ (nominative singular)
брата (dual nominative)
брати (nominative plural)
брата (genitive singular)
брату (dual genitive)
братъ (genitive plural)
брату (dative singular)
братома (dative dual)
братомъ (dative plural)
братъ (accusative singular)
брата (accusative dual)
братꙑ (accusative plural)
братъмь (instrumental singular)
братома (dual instrumental)
братꙑ (instrumental plural)
братѣ (locative singular)
брату (dual locative)
братѣхъ (locative plural)
брате (singular vocative)
брата (dual vocative)
брати (plural vocative)

Old Ruthenian: братъ (brat)

Belarusian: брат (brat)

Carpathian Rusyn: брат (brat)

Ukrainian: брат (brat)

Russian: брат (brat) (see there for further descendants)

From Proto-Slavic *bràtъ, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *brā́ˀtē, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰréh₂tēr.


батѧ

batę (romanization)
батѧ (nominative singular)
батѧтѣ (dual nominative)
батѧта (nominative plural)
батѧте (genitive singular)
батѧту (dual genitive)
батѧтъ (genitive plural)
батѧти (dative singular)
батѧтьма (dative dual)
батѧтьмъ (dative plural)
батѧ (accusative singular)
батѧтѣ (accusative dual)
батѧта (accusative plural)
батѧтьмь (instrumental singular)
батѧтьма (dual instrumental)
батѧтꙑ (instrumental plural)
батѧте (locative singular)
батѧту (dual locative)
батѧтьхъ (locative plural)
батѧ (singular vocative)
батѧтѣ (dual vocative)
батѧта (plural vocative)

Old Ruthenian: ба́тѧ (bátja)

Belarusian: ба́ця (bácja)

Ukrainian: ба́тя (bátja)

Russian: ба́тя (bátja)

ѿдаваєть ти батѧ черниговъ а съ мною въ любви поживи.

Father is giving you Chernihiv, but live in peace with me.

otŭdavajetĭ ti batę černigovŭ a sŭ mnoju vŭ ljubvi poživi.


нѣмьць

head

нѣмьць (němĭcĭ) m

orv-noun

нѣмьць (němĭcĭ) m

němĭcĭ (romanization)
нѣмьць (nominative singular)
нѣмьца (dual nominative)
нѣмьци (nominative plural)
нѣмьца (genitive singular)
нѣмьцу (dual genitive)
нѣмьць (genitive plural)
нѣмьцу (dative singular)
нѣмьцема (dative dual)
нѣмьцемъ (dative plural)
нѣмьць (accusative singular)
нѣмьца (accusative dual)
нѣмьцѣ (accusative plural)
нѣмьцьмь (instrumental singular)
нѣмьцема (dual instrumental)
нѣмьци (instrumental plural)
нѣмьци (locative singular)
нѣмьцу (dual locative)
нѣмьцихъ (locative plural)
нѣмьцу (singular vocative)
нѣмьца (dual vocative)
нѣмьци (plural vocative)

desc

Old Ruthenian: нѣ́мецъ (ně́mecʹ), нѣ́мець (ně́mecʹ)

Belarusian: не́мец (njémjec)

Ukrainian: ні́мець (nímecʹ)

Russian: не́мец (némec)

/ˈneːmɪˈt͡sʲɪ/

/ˈnʲeːmʲɪˈt͡sʲɪ/

/ˈnʲɛːmʲˈt͡sʲɛ/

/ˈnʲeːmʲˈt͡sʲɛ/

/ˈneːmɪˈt͡sʲɪ/

/ˈnʲeːmʲɪˈt͡sʲɪ/

/ˈnʲɛːmʲˈt͡sʲɛ/

/ˈnʲeːmʲˈt͡sʲɛ/

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *němьcь. By surface analysis, нѣмъ (němŭ) + -ьць (-ĭcĭ).

surf

German, Teuton (member of a Germanic tribe)


козакъ

head

козакъ (kozakŭ)

Belarusian: каза́к (kazák)

desctree

Russian: каза́к (kazák), коза́к (kozák), коза́къ (kozák) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
→ Aleut: Kasakax̂
→ Danish: kosak
→ Finnish: kasakka
→ Ingrian: kazakka
→ Kamassian: кхазакх (kʰazakʰ)
→ Romanian: cazac
→ Proto-Samic:
Kildin Sami: kаs (kas, “servant”)
→ Yup'ik: kass'aq

Ukrainian: коза́к (kozák)
→ Hungarian: kozák sg
→ Polish: Kozak m sg
→ Middle French: cosaque, cosache
French: cosaque m sg
→ Dutch: kozak m sg
→ English: Cossack m sg
→ Slovak: kozák m sg
→ Yiddish: קאָזאַק m sg (kozak)

From Kazakh қазақ (qazaq), from a Turkic word quzzāq meaning “free man, wanderer," from Old Turkic [script needed] (*qazǧaq, “profiteer”), from [script needed] (qazǧanmaq, “to acquire”), from [script needed] (qazmaq, “to dig out”), from Proto-Turkic *kaŕ-. Compare Ottoman Turkish قازاق (qazaq), قزّاق (qazzaq).


робѧ

robę (romanization)
робѧ (nominative singular)
робѧтѣ (dual nominative)
робѧта (nominative plural)
робѧте (genitive singular)
робѧту (dual genitive)
робѧтъ (genitive plural)
робѧти (dative singular)
робѧтьма (dative dual)
робѧтьмъ (dative plural)
робѧ (accusative singular)
робѧтѣ (accusative dual)
робѧта (accusative plural)
робѧтьмь (instrumental singular)
робѧтьма (dual instrumental)
робѧтꙑ (instrumental plural)
робѧте (locative singular)
робѧту (dual locative)
робѧтьхъ (locative plural)
робѧ (singular vocative)
робѧтѣ (dual vocative)
робѧта (plural vocative)

Russian: ребя́та (rebjáta) (from the plural)

From a metathesised form of Proto-Slavic *orbę. Cognate with Old Polish robię.

metathesis

metathesised


варѧгъ

head

варѧгъ (varęgŭ) m

orv-noun

варѧгъ (varęgŭ) m

varęgŭ (romanization)
варѧгъ (nominative singular)
варѧга (dual nominative)
варѧзи (nominative plural)
варѧга (genitive singular)
варѧгу (dual genitive)
варѧгъ (genitive plural)
варѧгу (dative singular)
варѧгома (dative dual)
варѧгомъ (dative plural)
варѧгъ (accusative singular)
варѧга (accusative dual)
варѧгꙑ (accusative plural)
варѧгъмь (instrumental singular)
варѧгома (dual instrumental)
варѧгꙑ (instrumental plural)
варѧзѣ (locative singular)
варѧгу (dual locative)
варѧзѣхъ (locative plural)
варѧже (singular vocative)
варѧга (dual vocative)
варѧзи (plural vocative)

desc

Old Ruthenian: варѧ́гъ (varjáh), вара́гъ (varáh)

Belarusian: вара́г (varáh)

Carpathian Rusyn: Варя́г (Varjáh)

Ukrainian: варя́г (varjáh)

Russian: варя́г (varjág) (see there for further descendants)

Learned borrowing from Old Church Slavonic варѧгъ (varęgŭ), from Byzantine Greek Βάραγγος (Bárangos).

lbor

по сєму жє морю сѣдѧть варѧꙁи сѣмо ко въстоку до прєдѣла симова.

1377, Dmitry of Suzdal, Laurentian Codex, page 2:

And along this sea the Varyags lived, and thence to the east up to the border of Sim.

po semu že morju sědętĭ varęzi sěmo ko vŭstoku do preděla simova.


жьньць

head

жьньць (žĭnĭcĭ)

žĭnĭcĭ (romanization)
жьньць (nominative singular)
жьньца (dual nominative)
жьньци (nominative plural)
жьньца (genitive singular)
жьньцу (dual genitive)
жьньць (genitive plural)
жьньцу (dative singular)
жьньцема (dative dual)
жьньцемъ (dative plural)
жьньць (accusative singular)
жьньца (accusative dual)
жьньцѣ (accusative plural)
жьньцьмь (instrumental singular)
жьньцема (dual instrumental)
жьньци (instrumental plural)
жьньци (locative singular)
жьньцу (dual locative)
жьньцихъ (locative plural)
жьньче (singular vocative)
жьньца (dual vocative)
жьньци (plural vocative)

Old Ruthenian: жнецъ (žnecʹ) (genitive женца (ženca))

Belarusian: жнец (žnjec) (genitive жняца́ (žnjacá))

Carpathian Rusyn: жнець (žnecʹ) (genitive женця́ (žencjá))

Ukrainian: жнець (žnecʹ) (genitive женця́ (žencjá))

Russian: жнец (žnec) (genitive жнеца́ (žnecá))

/ʑɪˈnɪt͡sʲɪ/

/ʑɪˈnʲɪt͡sʲɪ/

/ʑɪˈnɪt͡sʲɪ/

/ʑɪˈnʲɪt͡sʲɪ/


лѧхъ

лѧхъ (lęxŭ) m (related adjective лѧдьскъ)

lęxŭ (romanization)
лѧдьскъ (adjective)
лѧхъ (nominative singular)
лѧхꙑ (dual nominative)
лѧхове (nominative plural)
лѧху (genitive singular)
лѧхову (dual genitive)
лѧховъ (genitive plural)
лѧхови (dative singular)
лѧху (dative singular)
лѧхъма (dative dual)
лѧхъмъ (dative plural)
лѧхъ (accusative singular)
лѧхꙑ (accusative dual)
лѧхꙑ (accusative plural)
лѧхъмь (instrumental singular)
лѧхъма (dual instrumental)
лѧхъми (instrumental plural)
лѧху (locative singular)
лѧхову (dual locative)
лѧхъхъ (locative plural)
лѧхъ (singular vocative)
лѧхꙑ (dual vocative)
лѧхове (plural vocative)

orv-decl-noun

лѧхови, лѧху

desctree

Old Ruthenian: лѧхъ (ljax), лєхъ (ljex)
Belarusian: лях (ljax)
Carpathian Rusyn: Лях (Ljax)
Ukrainian: лях (ljax)
→ Czech: Ľach (dialectal)
→ Polish: Lach
→ Romanian: leah
→ Ottoman Turkish: له (leh)
Turkish: Leh
→ Middle Armenian: լեհ (leh)
Armenian: լեհ (leh)

Russian: лях (ljax) (see there for further descendants)

→ Old Lithuanian:

Lithuanian: lénkas


калугеръ

kalugerŭ (romanization)
калугеръ (nominative singular)
калугера (dual nominative)
калугери (nominative plural)
калугера (genitive singular)
калугеру (dual genitive)
калугеръ (genitive plural)
калугеру (dative singular)
калугерома (dative dual)
калугеромъ (dative plural)
калугеръ (accusative singular)
калугера (accusative dual)
калугерꙑ (accusative plural)
калугеръмь (instrumental singular)
калугерома (dual instrumental)
калугерꙑ (instrumental plural)
калугерѣ (locative singular)
калугеру (dual locative)
калугерѣхъ (locative plural)
калугере (singular vocative)
калугера (dual vocative)
калугери (plural vocative)

Learned borrowing from Old Church Slavonic калугеръ (kalugerŭ), from Ancient Greek καλόγηρος (kalógēros).

lbor

[Слово] нѣкоѥг[о] [калꙋ]г[е]ра· о чь[тѥнии кн]игъ⁖

The speech of a certain monk on the reading of books.

[Slovo] někojeg[o] [kalu]g[je]ra· o čĭ[tjenii kn]igŭ⁖


хрьстиꙗнъ

head

хрьстиꙗнъ (xrĭstijanŭ) m

orv-noun

хрьстиꙗнъ (xrĭstijanŭ) m

xrĭstijanŭ (romanization)
хрьстиꙗнъ (nominative singular)
хрьстиꙗна (dual nominative)
хрьстиꙗни (nominative plural)
хрьстиꙗна (genitive singular)
хрьстиꙗну (dual genitive)
хрьстиꙗнъ (genitive plural)
хрьстиꙗну (dative singular)
хрьстиꙗнома (dative dual)
хрьстиꙗномъ (dative plural)
хрьстиꙗнъ (accusative singular)
хрьстиꙗна (accusative dual)
хрьстиꙗнꙑ (accusative plural)
хрьстиꙗнъмь (instrumental singular)
хрьстиꙗнома (dual instrumental)
хрьстиꙗнꙑ (instrumental plural)
хрьстиꙗнѣ (locative singular)
хрьстиꙗну (dual locative)
хрьстиꙗнѣхъ (locative plural)
хрьстиꙗне (singular vocative)
хрьстиꙗна (dual vocative)
хрьстиꙗни (plural vocative)

хрь‧сти‧ꙗ‧нъ

Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic *хрьстиꙗнъ (*xrĭstijanŭ), from Ancient Greek Χριστιανός (Khristianós).


ѧзꙑкъ

językŭ (romanization)
ѧзꙑчькъ (diminutive)
ѧзꙑкъ (nominative singular)
ѧзꙑка (dual nominative)
ѧзꙑци (nominative plural)
ѧзꙑка (genitive singular)
ѧзꙑку (dual genitive)
ѧзꙑкъ (genitive plural)
ѧзꙑку (dative singular)
ѧзꙑкома (dative dual)
ѧзꙑкомъ (dative plural)
ѧзꙑкъ (accusative singular)
ѧзꙑка (accusative dual)
ѧзꙑкꙑ (accusative plural)
ѧзꙑкъмь (instrumental singular)
ѧзꙑкома (dual instrumental)
ѧзꙑкꙑ (instrumental plural)
ѧзꙑцѣ (locative singular)
ѧзꙑку (dual locative)
ѧзꙑцѣхъ (locative plural)
ѧзꙑче (singular vocative)
ѧзꙑка (dual vocative)
ѧзꙑци (plural vocative)

desctree

Old Ruthenian: ѧзы́къ (jazýk), єзы́къ (jezýk)
Belarusian: язы́к (jazýk)
Carpathian Rusyn: язы́к (jazŷ́k)
Ukrainian: язи́к (jazýk)

Russian: язы́к (jazýk)

From Proto-Slavic *ęzykъ (“tongue, language”), from Proto-Indo-European *dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s (“tongue”). Cognate with Old Church Slavonic ѩзꙑкъ (językŭ). See also Lithuanian liežùvis, Old Prussian insuwis.

inh

В Афетовѣ же части сѣдить Русь . Чюдь . и вси ꙗзꙑцѣ: Мерѧ . Мурома . Всь . Мордва […]
V Afetově že časti sěditĭ Rusĭ . Čjudĭ . i vsi jazycě: Merę . Muroma . Vsĭ . Mordva […]
In the share of Japheth lies Rus, Chud, and all the tribes: Merya, Muroma, Ves, Mordva […]

И они, ѣхавше, ꙗзꙑкъ ꙗша за Холохолномъ и приведоша ко князю Олигерду; и онъ поведа силу велику Нѣмецкиꙗ рати подъ городомъ Изборскомъ […]
I oni, jěxavše, jazykŭ jaša za Xoloxolnomŭ i privedoša ko knjazju Oligerdu; i onŭ poveda silu veliku Německija rati podŭ gorodomŭ Izborskomŭ […]

[…] а то есть не скотъ, нелзѣ рѣчи: не вѣдаю, у кого есми купилъ; по ꙗзꙑку ити до конца […]
[…] a to jestĭ ne skotŭ, nelzě rěči: ne vědaju, u kogo jesmi kupilŭ; po jazyku iti do konca […]