море

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море (more) n (related adjective морьскъ)

more (romanization)
морьскъ (adjective)
море (nominative singular)
мори (dual nominative)
морꙗ (nominative plural)
морꙗ (genitive singular)
морю (dual genitive)
морь (genitive plural)
морю (dative singular)
морема (dative dual)
моремъ (dative plural)
море (accusative singular)
мори (accusative dual)
морꙗ (accusative plural)
морьмь (instrumental singular)
морема (dual instrumental)
мори (instrumental plural)
мори (locative singular)
морю (dual locative)
морихъ (locative plural)
море (singular vocative)
мори (dual vocative)
морꙗ (plural vocative)

desc

Old Ruthenian: мо́ре (móre), мо́рє (mórje)

Belarusian: мо́ра (móra)

Carpathian Rusyn: мо́ре (móre)

Ukrainian: мо́ре (móre)

Russian: мо́ре (móre) (see there for further descendants)

Taimyr Pidgin Russian: море (more), моря (morja)

по сєму жє морю сѣдѧть варѧзи сѣмо ко въстоку до прєдѣла симова.

1377, Dmitry of Suzdal, Laurentian Codex, page 2:

And along this sea the Varyags lived, and thence to the east up to the border of Sim.


гора

gora (romanization)
гора (nominative singular)
горѣ (dual nominative)
горꙑ (nominative plural)
горꙑ (genitive singular)
гору (dual genitive)
горъ (genitive plural)
горѣ (dative singular)
горама (dative dual)
горамъ (dative plural)
горѫ (accusative singular)
горѣ (accusative dual)
горꙑ (accusative plural)
гороѭ (instrumental singular)
горама (dual instrumental)
горами (instrumental plural)
горѣ (locative singular)
гору (dual locative)
горахъ (locative plural)
горо (singular vocative)
горѣ (dual vocative)
горꙑ (plural vocative)

From Proto-Slavic *gora, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *garā́ˀ.


островъ

ostrovŭ (romanization)
островъ (nominative singular)
острова (dual nominative)
острови (nominative plural)
острова (genitive singular)
острову (dual genitive)
островъ (genitive plural)
острову (dative singular)
островома (dative dual)
островомъ (dative plural)
островъ (accusative singular)
острова (accusative dual)
островꙑ (accusative plural)
островъмь (instrumental singular)
островома (dual instrumental)
островꙑ (instrumental plural)
островѣ (locative singular)
острову (dual locative)
островѣхъ (locative plural)
острове (singular vocative)
острова (dual vocative)
острови (plural vocative)

Old Ruthenian: о́стровъ (óstrov)

Belarusian: во́страў (vóstraŭ)

Carpathian Rusyn: о́стров (óstrov)

Ukrainian: о́стрів (óstriv)

Russian: о́стров (óstrov)

имать же и ѡстр^овꙑ


Русьскаꙗ землꙗ

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Русьскаꙗ землꙗ

orv-proper noun

Русьскаꙗ землꙗ

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Ру́ская зямля́

Belarusian: Ру́ская зямля́ (Rúskaja zjamljá)

Ру́сская земля́

Russian: Ру́сская земля́ (Rússkaja zemljá)

Rusyn: Ру́ська земля́ (Rúsʹka zemljá)

Ру́ська земля́

Ukrainian: Ру́ська земля́ (Rúsʹka zemljá)

From the full form of the adjective русьскъ (rusĭskŭ, “of the Rus”) and the noun землꙗ (zemlja, “earth, land”) (modern Russian земля (zemlja)).
Firstly mentioned in the 12th-century "Primary Chronicle".

s.a. 6370 (862)
и ѿ тѣхъ Варѧгъ . прозвасѧ Рускаꙗ землѧ .
From these Varangians (the Rus), the Rus land received its name.

1229, Смоленская торговая Правда (Smolensk Trade Law)
Роусиноу не звати ∙ латина на полѣ битъ сѧ ∙ оу роускои земли ∙:∙ А латининоу не звати роусина на полѣ бито сѧ ∙ оу ризѣ и на готскомь березѣ ∙:∙
A Russian should not call a German for a battle in the Russian land, a German should not call a Russian for a battle in Riga or in Gotland.

1607 Русский разговорник (Tonnis Fenne, Russian phrasebook)
Здѣ яз божиею помочию почину писат кую рѣце как надобъ немьчину с русиномь порускы говорит от домовьню дѣле и всяких дѣлех говоря. Б(ог)ъ даи мнѣ здараво ѣхат на рускую землю да рускому языку на учитса. Тоннис Фенне
Zdě jaz božieju pomočiju počinu pisat kuju rěce kak nadobŭ nemĭčinu s rusinomĭ porusky govorit ot domovĭnju děle i vsjakix dělex govorja. B(og)ŭ dai mně zdaravo jěxat na ruskuju zemlju da ruskomu jazyku na učitsa. Tonnis Fenne
Here I begin with God's help to explain how a German should speak Russian with a Russian concerning house and other business. Lord, let me go to the Russian land without problems and study the Russian language.

(historical) Rus (region in Eastern Europe, land of the Rus, East Slavic lands)


Москꙑ

orv-decl-noun

Москъвиѭ, Москъвьѭ

Москꙑ (nominative singular)
Москъви (dual nominative)
Москъви (nominative plural)
Москъве (genitive singular)
Москъву (dual genitive)
Москъвъ (genitive plural)
Москъви (dative singular)
Москъвама (dative dual)
Москъвамъ (dative plural)
Москъвь (accusative singular)
Москъви (accusative dual)
Москъви (accusative plural)
Москъвиѭ (instrumental singular)
Москъвьѭ (instrumental singular)
Москъвама (dual instrumental)
Москъвами (instrumental plural)
Москъве (locative singular)
Москъву (dual locative)
Москъвахъ (locative plural)
Москꙑ (singular vocative)
Москъви (dual vocative)
Москъви (plural vocative)

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⇒ Old East Slavic: Москъвь (Moskŭvĭ), Московь (Moskovĭ)

Old Ruthenian: Москва́ (Moskvá)

Belarusian: Масква́ (Maskvá)

Carpathian Rusyn: Москва́ (Moskvá)

Ukrainian: Москва́ (Moskvá)

desctree

Russian: Москва́ (Moskvá)
→ Armenian: Մոսկվա (Moskva)
→ Belarusian: Масква (Maskva)
→ Czech: Moskva
Czech: moskva (“rye bread”) (uncommon)
→ Dungan: Москва (Moskva)
→ Greek: Μόσχα (Móscha)
→ Hebrew: מוסקבה (moskvá)
→ Hungarian: Moszkva
→ Ingrian: Moskova
→ Italian: Mosca
→ Japanese: モスクワ (Mosukuwa)
→ Karaim: Москва (Moskva)
→ Korean: 모스크바 (moseukeuba)
→ Kyrgyz: Москва (Moskva)
→ Latvian: Maskava
→ Norwegian Bokmål: Moskva
→ Polish: Moskwa
→ Romanian: Moscova
→ Slovak: Moskva
→ Vietnamese: Mát-xcơ-va
→ Yiddish: מאָסקווע (moskve)

→ Latin: Moscovia

→ English: Moscow

→ French: Moscou

→ German: Moskau

→ Dutch: Moskou

→ Tatar: Мәскәү (Mäskäw)

→ Bashkir: Мәскәү (Məskəw)

→ Kazakh: Мәскеу (Mäskeu)

From Proto-Slavic *mosky, thought to be related to the name of the Moskva River, of uncertain ultimate origin. More at Moscow.

Moscow (the capital city of modern Russia)


Китаи

Belarusian: Кіта́й (Kitáj)

Russian: Кита́й (Kitáj)
→ Adyghe: Китай (Kitaj)
→ Livvi: Kitai
→ Veps: Kitai
→ Yakut: Китай (Kitay)

Carpathian Rusyn: Кіта́й (Kitáj)

Ukrainian: Кита́й (Kytáj)

From a Turkic source (most likely Kipchak), ultimately from Old Turkic 𐰶𐰃𐱃𐰪 (Qïtań), from Khitan 𘱿𘲫 (*qid ún, “Khitan”), the Mongolic people who ruled Manchuria, then Northern China, then Central Asia from the 9th to 13th centuries. More at Cathay. First attested between 1402 and 1408 in a list of cities and regions conquered by Tamerlane

А от Дабыля до Келекота 25 дни, а от Келекота до Силяна 15 дни, а от Силяна до Шаибата мѣсяць итти, а от Шаибата до Певгу 20 дни, а от Певгу до Чини да до Мачина мѣсяць итти, морем все то хожение. А от Чини до Китаа итти сухом 6 мѣсяць, а морем 4 дни итти...
A ot Dabylja do Kelekota 25 dni, a ot Kelekota do Siljana 15 dni, a ot Siljana do Šaibata měsjacĭ itti, a ot Šaibata do Pevgu 20 dni, a ot Pevgu do Čini da do Mačina měsjacĭ itti, morem vse to xoženie. A ot Čini do Kitaa itti suxom 6 měsjacĭ, a morem 4 dni itti...
A journey from Dabhol to Calicut (Kozhikode) takes 25 days, and from Calicut to Ceylon it takes 15 days, and from Ceylon to Shaibat (an unidentified location) it's a month's journey, and from Shaibat to Bago it takes 20 days, and from Bago to Chin and Machin (see چین و ماچین) it takes another month — all that way by sea. And from Chin and Machin to Cathay it takes six months to travel by land, and four days to travel by sea...

between 1468 and 1474, Afanasy Nikitin, A Journey Beyond the Three Seas

Cathay, medieval northern China as reached by the overland Silk Road to Xi'an or Beijing (a region of East Asia)


Кꙑевъ

Kyevŭ (romanization)
Кꙑевъ (nominative singular)
Кꙑева (genitive singular)
Кꙑеву (dative singular)
Кꙑевъ (accusative singular)
Кꙑевъмь (instrumental singular)
Кꙑевѣ (locative singular)
Кꙑеве (singular vocative)

Old Ruthenian: Кїєвъ (Kijev)
Belarusian: Кі́еў (Kíjeŭ)
Carpathian Rusyn: Ки́їв (Kýjiv)
Ukrainian: Ки́їв (Kýjiv) (see there for further descendants)

Russian: Ки́ев (Kíjev) (see there for further descendants)

→ Old Novgorodian: Кꙑѥве (Kyjeve)

→ Medieval Hebrew: קייב (Qiyyōb)

→ Old Polish: Kijów

Polish: Kijów

→⇒ Medieval Latin: Kiōvia, Kijōvia

→ Byzantine Greek: Κιωουίᾱ (Kiōouíā)

Uncertain:
* Traditionally concidered to be derived from the city's founder Кꙑи (Kyi), meaning "Kyi's [city]". This has been dismissed by Michael Hrushevsky as folk etymology.
* According to Jaroslav Rudnyckyj and the Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages, the name derives from кии (kii, “pole”), maybe referring to the fact the city was palisaded by poles.
* Alternatively, related to the modern Ukrainian куява (kujava, “steep hill”) and Ukrainian куеви (kuevy, “mountain top”).
The first time mentioned in the Hebrew Kievan Letter, spelled as קייב. In the earliest Novgorod birch bark manuscripts spelled as Кꙑѥвъ (Kyjevŭ). Also mentioned by Constantine VII, the Byzantine Emperor.

кто въ києвѣ нача первѣє кнѧжи^т и ѿкуду рускаꙗ ꙁемлѧ стала єсть⁘

1377, Dmitry of Suzdal, Laurentian Codex, page 1:

Who in Kiev first started to reign and whence the Russian land has started to be.


Припѧть

Old Ruthenian: При́петь (Prípetʹ)

Russian: При́пять (Prípjatʹ); При́петь (Prípetʹ) (obsolete)

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *Pri-pętь (“tributary”), from *pri + *pęti.

inh+

Pripyat (a river in Ukraine and Belarus)


Римъ

Rimŭ (romanization)
Римъ (nominative singular)
Рима (genitive singular)
Риму (dative singular)
Римъ (accusative singular)
Римъмь (instrumental singular)
Римѣ (locative singular)
Риме (singular vocative)

desctree

Old Ruthenian: Римъ (Rim)
Belarusian: Рым (Rym)
Carpathian Rusyn: Рим (Rym)
Ukrainian: Рим (Rym)

Russian: Рим (Rim)

Learned borrowing from Old Church Slavonic Римъ (Rimŭ).

lbor

а по двинѣ въ варѧги· иꙁъ варѧгъ до рима· ѿ рима до племени хамова

1377, Dmitry of Suzdal, Laurentian Codex, page 4:

along Dvina to the land of the Varyags, from the land of the Varyags to Rome, from Rome to the tribe of Ham


лѧхъ

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лѧхъ (transliteration needed) m (related adjective лѧдьскъ)

лѧдьскъ (adjective)
лѧхъ (nominative singular)
лѧхꙑ (dual nominative)
лѧхове (nominative plural)
лѧху (genitive singular)
лѧхову (dual genitive)
лѧховъ (genitive plural)
лѧхови (dative singular)
лѧху (dative singular)
лѧхъма (dative dual)
лѧхъмъ (dative plural)
лѧхъ (accusative singular)
лѧхꙑ (accusative dual)
лѧхꙑ (accusative plural)
лѧхъмь (instrumental singular)
лѧхъма (dual instrumental)
лѧхъми (instrumental plural)
лѧху (locative singular)
лѧхову (dual locative)
лѧхъхъ (locative plural)
лѧхъ (singular vocative)
лѧхꙑ (dual vocative)
лѧхове (plural vocative)

orv-decl-noun

лѧхови, лѧху

desctree

Old Ruthenian: лѧхъ (ljax)
Belarusian: лях (ljax)
Carpathian Rusyn: Лях (Ljax)
Ukrainian: лях (ljax)
→ Czech: Ľach (dialectal)
→ Polish: Lach
→ Romanian: leah
→ Ottoman Turkish: له (leh)
Turkish: Leh
→ Middle Armenian: լեհ (leh)
Armenian: լեհ (leh)

Russian: лях (ljax) (see there for further descendants)

→ Old Lithuanian:

Lithuanian: lénkas

ѿтуда пакꙑ на лѣто володимерю ѡпѧть· та посла мѧ с҃тославъ в лѧхꙑ

1377, Dmitry of Suzdal, Laurentian Codex, page 160:

thence again to Volodimir for the summer; and Svyatoslav sent me to Poland

(in the plural) Poland (a country in Europe)


Дънѣпръ

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Дънѣпръ (Dŭněprŭ) m

Dŭněprŭ (romanization)
Дънѣпръ (nominative singular)
Дънѣпра (genitive singular)
Дънѣпру (dative singular)
Дънѣпръ (accusative singular)
Дънѣпръмь (instrumental singular)
Дънѣпрѣ (locative singular)
Дънѣпре (singular vocative)

desctree

Old Ruthenian: Днѣпръ (Dněpr)
Belarusian: Дняпро́ (Dnjapró), Днепр (Dnjepr)
Carpathian Rusyn: Днїпр (Dnjipr)
Ukrainian: Дніпро́ (Dnipró); Дніпр (Dnipr) (archaic); Дні́пер (Dníper) (dialectal)

Russian: Днепр (Dnepr)

From Proto-Slavic *Dъněprъ. Cognate with Ancient Greek Δάναπρις (Dánapris).

Dnieper (a river in Russia, Belarus and Ukraine)


Бѣло Езеро

Russian: Белоо́зеро (Beloózero)

/bʲeːlɔ ˈɛzʲɛrɔ/

/bʲeːlɔ ˈɛzʲɛrɔ/

/bʲeːlɔ ˈɛzʲɛrɔ/

/bʲeːlɔ ˈɛzʲɛrɔ/


Дънѣстръ

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Дънѣстръ (Dŭněstrŭ) m

Dŭněstrŭ (romanization)
Дънѣстръ (nominative singular)
Дънѣстра (genitive singular)
Дънѣстру (dative singular)
Дънѣстръ (accusative singular)
Дънѣстръмь (instrumental singular)
Дънѣстрѣ (locative singular)
Дънѣстре (singular vocative)

Russian: Днестр (Dnestr)

From Old Ossetic (Sarmatian) *dānu nazdya "the close river" (the Dnieper being the far one). The first element is from Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰánwati << *dʰénh₂- ~ dʰn̥h₂-u- << Proto-Indo-European *dʰenh₂- (“to flow”).

der

A river in Eastern Europe, flowing through Ukraine and Moldova to the Black Sea.