craft

desctree

Middle Dutch: cracht, craft
Dutch: kracht
Afrikaans: krag
Limburgish: krach


ik

ik (nominative personal pronoun singular)
ic (nominative personal pronoun singular)
ih (nominative personal pronoun singular)
wī (nominative personal plural pronoun)
wīr (nominative personal plural pronoun)
mī (accusative personal pronoun singular)
mik (accusative personal pronoun singular)
mic (accusative personal pronoun singular)
uns (accusative personal plural pronoun)
unsig (accusative personal plural pronoun)
mīn (genitive personal pronoun singular)
unsa (genitive personal plural pronoun)
unser (genitive personal plural pronoun)
mī (dative personal pronoun singular)
uns (dative personal plural pronoun)
unsig (dative personal plural pronoun)
thu (nominative personal pronoun singular)
tu (nominative personal pronoun singular)
gī (nominative personal plural pronoun)
ir (nominative personal plural pronoun)
thī (accusative personal pronoun singular)
thik (accusative personal pronoun singular)
thic (accusative personal pronoun singular)
iu (accusative personal plural pronoun)
thīn (genitive personal pronoun singular)
iuwa (genitive personal plural pronoun)
iuwer (genitive personal plural pronoun)
thī (dative personal pronoun singular)
iu (dative personal plural pronoun)
hē (masculine nominative personal pronoun)
hie (masculine nominative personal pronoun)
sia (feminine nominative personal pronoun)
it (neuter nominative personal pronoun)
imo (accusative masculine personal pronoun)
sia (accusative feminine personal pronoun)
it (accusative neuter personal pronoun)
sīn (genitive masculine personal pronoun)
is (genitive masculine personal pronoun)
iro (feminine genitive personal pronoun)
is (genitive neuter personal pronoun)
imo (dative masculine personal pronoun)
iro (dative feminine personal pronoun)
imo (dative neuter personal pronoun)
sia (nominative personal plural pronoun)
sie (masc. plur.) (nominative personal plural pronoun)
sia (accusative personal plural pronoun)
sie (masc. plur.) (accusative personal plural pronoun)
iro (genitive personal plural pronoun)
im (dative personal plural pronoun)

Middle Dutch: ic, icke
Dutch: ik, ick, ikke
Afrikaans: ek
Berbice Creole Dutch: eke
Jersey Dutch: äk
Petjo: ik
Skepi Creole Dutch: ek


sela

Middle Dutch: siele
Dutch: ziel
Afrikaans: siel
Limburgish: zeel

Irlosin sol an frithe sela mina fan then thia ginacont mi, wanda under managon he was mit mi.

He shall deliver in peace my soul from those who attack me, for amongst many he was with me.


cunt

Middle Dutch: cont

Dutch: kond


also

Middle Dutch: also

Dutch: alzo

From Proto-West Germanic *allswā, corresponding to al + sō.


also

Middle Dutch: alse

Dutch: als


nu

Middle Dutch: nu
Dutch: nu
Limburgish: noe

wat unbidan we nu?


winter

Middle Dutch: winter
Dutch: winter
Afrikaans: winter
Negerhollands: winter
→ Sranan Tongo: wenter
Limburgish: wintjer


win

Middle Dutch: wijn
Dutch: wijn
Afrikaans: wyn
Berbice Creole Dutch: win
Negerhollands: wien, win
→ Saramaccan: wín
→? Sranan Tongo: win
→ Lokono: wing
→ Caribbean Javanese: win
Limburgish: wien

From Proto-West Germanic *wīn, from Latin vīnum.


of

Middle Dutch: of


hunt

Middle Dutch: hont

Dutch: hond


hunt

Middle Dutch: hont

Dutch: hont, hond

From Proto-Germanic *hundą. Cognate with Gothic 𐌷𐌿𐌽𐌳 (hund) and Old English hund.

around 0.14 hectare, equivalent to one hundred ruoda


thin

thīn (canonical)
thīn (masculine nominative singular)
thīn (feminine nominative singular)
thīn (neuter nominative singular)
thīnin (accusative masculine singular)
thīna (accusative feminine singular)
thīn (accusative neuter singular)
thīnis (genitive masculine singular)
thīnro (feminine genitive singular)
thīnis (genitive neuter singular)
thīnin (dative masculine singular)
thīnro (dative feminine singular)
thīnin (dative neuter singular)
thīnin (instrumental masculine singular)
thīnro (feminine instrumental singular)
thīnin (instrumental neuter singular)
thīna (masculine nominative plural)
thīna (feminine nominative plural)
thīna (neuter nominative plural)
thīna (accusative masculine plural)
thīna (accusative feminine plural)
thīna (accusative neuter plural)
thīnro (genitive masculine plural)
thīnro (feminine genitive plural)
thīnro (genitive neuter plural)
thīnon (dative masculine plural)
thīnon (dative feminine plural)
thīnon (dative neuter plural)
thīn- (instrumental masculine plural)
thīn- (feminine instrumental plural)
thīn- (instrumental neuter plural)

odt-decl-adj-table

<i class="Latn mention" lang="odt">thin</i> — Strong only

desctree

Middle Dutch: dijn
Dutch: dijn
Limburgish: dien


teman

teman (infinitive)
temo (first-person present singular)
temon (first-person present singular)
tam (first-person past singular)
timis (present second-person singular)
timist (present second-person singular)
tāmi (past second-person singular)
tāmis (past second-person singular)
timit (present singular third-person)
tam (past singular third-person)
temon (first-person plural present)
tāmun (first-person past plural)
temet (plural present second-person)
tāmut (past plural second-person)
temont (plural present third-person)
tāmun (past plural third-person)
teme (first-person present singular)
tāmi (first-person past singular)
temes (present second-person singular)
temest (present second-person singular)
teme (present singular third-person)
tāmi (past singular third-person)
temen (first-person plural present)
tāmin (first-person past plural)
tāmit (past plural second-person)
temen (plural present third-person)
tāmin (past plural third-person)
tem (present singular)
tim (present singular)
temet (plural present)
temandi (present)
tuman (past)
gituman (past)

Middle Dutch: tēmen


al

al

al (masculine nominative singular strong)
alle (masculine nominative plural strong)
al (neuter nominative singular strong)
alle (neuter nominative plural strong)
al (feminine nominative singular strong)
allu (feminine nominative plural strong)
allan (accusative masculine singular strong)
alle (accusative masculine plural strong)
al (accusative neuter singular strong)
alle (accusative neuter plural strong)
alla (accusative feminine singular strong)
allu (accusative feminine plural strong)
allis (genitive masculine singular strong)
allro (genitive masculine plural strong)
allis (genitive neuter singular strong)
allro (genitive neuter plural strong)
allro (feminine genitive singular strong)
allrō (feminine genitive plural strong)
allon (dative masculine singular strong)
allon (dative masculine plural strong)
allon (dative neuter singular strong)
allon (dative neuter plural strong)
allro (dative feminine singular strong)
allon (dative feminine plural strong)
allo (masculine nominative singular weak)
allu (masculine nominative plural weak)
alla (neuter nominative singular weak)
allu (neuter nominative plural weak)
alla (feminine nominative singular weak)
allu (feminine nominative plural weak)
allin (accusative masculine singular weak)
allin (accusative masculine plural weak)
alla (accusative neuter singular weak)
allin (accusative neuter plural weak)
allin (accusative feminine singular weak)
allin (accusative feminine plural weak)
allin (genitive masculine singular weak)
allno (genitive masculine plural weak)
allin (genitive neuter singular weak)
allno (genitive neuter plural weak)
allin (feminine genitive singular weak)
allno (feminine genitive plural weak)
allin (dative masculine singular weak)
allon (dative masculine plural weak)
allin (dative neuter singular weak)
allon (dative neuter plural weak)
allin (dative feminine singular weak)
allon (dative feminine plural weak)

From Proto-West Germanic *all. Cognates include Old High German al and Old Saxon al.

Hebban olla vogala nestas hagunnan

All birds have started to build their nests

An allero erthon fuor luit.


al

Sin buch is elphondbeinin, al underskeithet mit saphiris.

His stomach is of ivory, wholly decorated with sapphires.


al

Middle Dutch: al

Dutch: al

Afrikaans: al

Limburgish: al

Ire beider sculde waren grozlich, al newæren sie nieht gelich.

Both their debts were great, even though they weren't equal.


al

From Proto-Germanic *alhs. Cognate with Gothic 𐌰𐌻𐌷𐍃 (alhs) and Old English ealh.


man

man (nominative singular)
manna (nominative plural)
man (accusative singular)
manna (accusative plural)
mannis (genitive singular)
manno (genitive plural)
manne (dative singular)
mannon (dative plural)

Middle Dutch: man

Dutch: man

Limburgish: man

Zealandic: man

From Proto-West Germanic *mann, from Proto-Germanic *mann-.


arm

Middle Dutch: arm
Dutch: arm
Afrikaans: arm
Javindo: arrem
Negerhollands: arm, erm
Limburgish: erm

From Proto-West Germanic *arm, from Proto-Germanic *armaz.


arm

Middle Dutch: arm
Dutch: arm
Afrikaans: arm
Berbice Creole Dutch: arum
Jersey Dutch: arm
Negerhollands: aerm
Petjo: arm
Limburgish: erm


bred

Middle Dutch: brêet
Dutch: breed
Afrikaans: breed
Berbice Creole Dutch: brete
Negerhollands: breed
→ Caribbean Javanese: bradi (via Sranan Tongo)
→ West Frisian: breed
Limburgish: breid
Zealandic: breêd


ben

bēn (canonical neuter)
bēn (nominative singular)
bēn (nominative plural)
bēn (accusative singular)
bēn (accusative plural)
bēnis (genitive singular)
-es (genitive singular)
bēno (genitive plural)
bēne (dative singular)
-i (dative singular)
bēnon (dative plural)

Middle Dutch: bêen
Dutch: been
Afrikaans: been
Berbice Creole Dutch: been
Jersey Dutch: beîn
Negerhollands: been
→ Lokono: bèna
Limburgish: bein


so

Middle Dutch: sô
Dutch: zo
Limburgish: zoe, zoea

From Proto-West Germanic *swā, from Proto-Germanic *swa.


dodo

dōdo (canonical masculine)
dōdo (nominative singular)
dōdon (nominative plural)
-un (nominative plural)
dōdo (accusative singular)
dōdon (accusative plural)
-un (accusative plural)
dōdin (genitive singular)
dōdono (genitive plural)
dōdon (dative singular)
-in (dative singular)
dōdon (dative plural)

Middle Dutch: dôde

Dutch: dode


got

got (nominative singular)
goda (nominative plural)
got (accusative singular)
goda (accusative plural)
godis (genitive singular)
godô (genitive plural)
gode (dative singular)
godon (dative plural)

Middle Dutch: got
Dutch: god, God
Afrikaans: god, God
Limburgish: gód, Gód

From Proto-West Germanic *god, from Proto-Germanic *gudą.


felt

Middle Dutch: velt

Dutch: veld
Afrikaans: veld
→ English: veld
Negerhollands: veld
→ Caribbean Javanese: fèlt

From Proto-West Germanic *felþu, from Proto-Germanic *felþuz.


that

thie (masculine nominative singular)
that (neuter nominative singular)
thia (feminine nominative singular)
thie (nominative plural)
then (accusative masculine singular)
that (accusative neuter singular)
thie (accusative feminine singular)
thie (accusative plural)
thes (genitive masculine singular)
thes (genitive neuter singular)
thero (feminine genitive singular)
there (genitive plural)
themo (dative masculine singular)
themo (dative neuter singular)
thero (dative feminine singular)
then (dative plural)
thiu (instrumental masculine neuter singular)

Middle Dutch: dat
Dutch: dat, het
Afrikaans: dat
Limburgish: det


er

Middle Dutch: êer
Dutch: eer
Afrikaans: eer
Limburgish: ieër

From Proto-West Germanic *airi, from Proto-Germanic *airiz.


er

Middle Dutch: êer

previously, in an earlier period, in a bygone time

earlier, before a certain time or period


hebben

hebben (infinitive)
havon (infinitive)
hebbo (first-person present singular)
hebbon (first-person present singular)
havo (first-person present singular)
havon (first-person present singular)
havda (first-person past singular)
havoda (first-person past singular)
heves (present second-person singular)
hevest (present second-person singular)
havos (present second-person singular)
havost (present second-person singular)
havdos (past second-person singular)
havodos (past second-person singular)
hevet (present singular third-person)
havot (present singular third-person)
havda (past singular third-person)
havoda (past singular third-person)
hebbon (first-person plural present)
havon (first-person plural present)
havdun (first-person past plural)
havodun (first-person past plural)
hevet (plural present second-person)
havot (plural present second-person)
havdut (past plural second-person)
havodut (past plural second-person)
hebbent (plural present third-person)
havont (plural present third-person)
havdun (past plural third-person)
havodun (past plural third-person)
hebbe (first-person present singular)
hevdi (first-person past singular)
havodi (first-person past singular)
hebbes (present second-person singular)
hebbest (present second-person singular)
hevdis (past second-person singular)
havodis (past second-person singular)
hebbe (present singular third-person)
havo (present singular third-person)
hevdi (past singular third-person)
havodi (past singular third-person)
hebben (first-person plural present)
hevdin (first-person past plural)
havodin (first-person past plural)
hebbet (plural present second-person)
hevdit (past plural second-person)
havodit (past plural second-person)
hebben (plural present third-person)
havon (plural present third-person)
hevdin (past plural third-person)
havodin (past plural third-person)
heve (present singular)
havo (present singular)
hevet (plural present)
havot (plural present)
hebbendi (present)
havondi (present)
gihaft (past)
gihavot (past)

Middle Dutch: hebben
Dutch: hebben
Afrikaans: hê
Berbice Creole Dutch: ha, habu
Javindo: geef
Jersey Dutch: hävve, häbbe
Negerhollands: ha, a, hab
Limburgish: höbbe

From Proto-West Germanic *habbjan, from Proto-Germanic *habjaną, from Proto-Indo-European *keh₂p- (“to grasp”).


hit

desctree

Middle Dutch: het
Dutch: het (only the pronoun; the definite article is a weakened form of dat)
Limburgish: hèt


era

Middle Dutch: êre
Dutch: eer
Afrikaans: eer
Negerhollands: eer
Limburgish: ieër

From Proto-West Germanic *aiʀu, from Proto-Germanic *aizō.


baron

baron (infinitive)
baro (first-person present singular)
baron (first-person present singular)
baroda (first-person past singular)
baros (present second-person singular)
barost (present second-person singular)
barodos (past second-person singular)
barot (present singular third-person)
baroda (past singular third-person)
baron (first-person plural present)
barodun (first-person past plural)
barot (plural present second-person)
barodut (past plural second-person)
baront (plural present third-person)
barodun (past plural third-person)
barodi (first-person past singular)
barodis (past second-person singular)
baro (present singular third-person)
barodi (past singular third-person)
barodin (first-person past plural)
barodit (past plural second-person)
baron (plural present third-person)
barodin (past plural third-person)
baro (present singular)
barot (plural present)
barondi (present)
barot (past)
gibarot (past)

Middle Dutch: bāren
Dutch: baren

From Proto-West Germanic *baʀōn, from Proto-Germanic *bazōną. Equivalent to bar + -on.


baron

Middle Dutch: bāren


sin

sīn (canonical)
sīn (masculine nominative singular)
sīn (feminine nominative singular)
sīn (neuter nominative singular)
sīnin (accusative masculine singular)
sīna (accusative feminine singular)
sīn (accusative neuter singular)
sīnis (genitive masculine singular)
sīnro (feminine genitive singular)
sīnis (genitive neuter singular)
sīnin (dative masculine singular)
sīnro (dative feminine singular)
sīnin (dative neuter singular)
sīnin (instrumental masculine singular)
sīnro (feminine instrumental singular)
sīnin (instrumental neuter singular)
sīna (masculine nominative plural)
sīna (feminine nominative plural)
sīna (neuter nominative plural)
sīna (accusative masculine plural)
sīna (accusative feminine plural)
sīna (accusative neuter plural)
sīnro (genitive masculine plural)
sīnro (feminine genitive plural)
sīnro (genitive neuter plural)
sīnon (dative masculine plural)
sīnon (dative feminine plural)
sīnon (dative neuter plural)
sīn- (instrumental masculine plural)
sīn- (feminine instrumental plural)
sīn- (instrumental neuter plural)

odt-decl-adj-table

<i class="Latn mention" lang="odt">sin</i> — Strong only

desctree

Middle Dutch: sijn
Dutch: zijn
Limburgish: zeen


bi

Middle Dutch: bi
Dutch: bij
Limburgish: bie


calf

Middle Dutch: calf
Dutch: kalf
Limburgish: kalf


fri

Middle Dutch: vri
Dutch: vrij
Afrikaans: vry
Negerhollands: vri, vrie, fri
→ Aukan: felei
→ Caribbean Javanese: frèi, prèi, pré
→ Indonesian: prei (“holiday, free, doing nothing”)
→ Javanese: ꦥꦿꦺꦲꦶ (prèi)
→ Peranakan Indonesian: vry
→ Sundanese: peré


salt

Middle Dutch: sout

Dutch: zout (see there for further descendants)

Limburgish: zaat


salt

Middle Dutch: sout

Dutch: zout


hem

Middle Dutch: hêem, heim
Dutch: heem, heim (possibly from German), -em, -hem, -gem (in placenames)
Afrikaans: heim
Limburgish: heim

From Proto-West Germanic *haim, from Proto-Germanic *haimaz.


han

hān (canonical)
hān (infinitive)
hā (first-person present singular)
hān (first-person present singular)
hienc (first-person past singular)
hās (present second-person singular)
hāst (present second-person singular)
hiengi (past second-person singular)
hiengis (past second-person singular)
hāt (present singular third-person)
hienc (past singular third-person)
hān (first-person plural present)
hiengun (first-person past plural)
hāt (plural present second-person)
hiengut (past plural second-person)
hānt (plural present third-person)
hiengun (past plural third-person)
hiengi (first-person past singular)
hā (present singular third-person)
hiengi (past singular third-person)
hiengin (first-person past plural)
hiengit (past plural second-person)
hān (plural present third-person)
hiengin (past plural third-person)
hā (present singular)
hāt (plural present)
hāndi (present)
gihān (past)
gihangan (past)

Middle Dutch: hâen

Dutch: hangen
Afrikaans: hang
Berbice Creole Dutch: hanggi
Negerhollands: hang, haṅ
→ Sranan Tongo: anga


hart

head

hart (comparative hardiro, superlative hardist)

hardiro (comparative)
hardist (superlative)
hart (masculine nominative singular strong)
harde (masculine nominative plural strong)
hart (neuter nominative singular strong)
harde (neuter nominative plural strong)
hart (feminine nominative singular strong)
hardu (feminine nominative plural strong)
hardan (accusative masculine singular strong)
harde (accusative masculine plural strong)
hart (accusative neuter singular strong)
harde (accusative neuter plural strong)
harda (accusative feminine singular strong)
hardu (accusative feminine plural strong)
hardis (genitive masculine singular strong)
hardro (genitive masculine plural strong)
hardis (genitive neuter singular strong)
hardro (genitive neuter plural strong)
hardro (feminine genitive singular strong)
hardrō (feminine genitive plural strong)
hardon (dative masculine singular strong)
hardon (dative masculine plural strong)
hardon (dative neuter singular strong)
hardon (dative neuter plural strong)
hardro (dative feminine singular strong)
hardon (dative feminine plural strong)
hardo (masculine nominative singular weak)
hardu (masculine nominative plural weak)
harda (neuter nominative singular weak)
hardu (neuter nominative plural weak)
harda (feminine nominative singular weak)
hardu (feminine nominative plural weak)
hardin (accusative masculine singular weak)
hardin (accusative masculine plural weak)
harda (accusative neuter singular weak)
hardin (accusative neuter plural weak)
hardin (accusative feminine singular weak)
hardin (accusative feminine plural weak)
hardin (genitive masculine singular weak)
hardno (genitive masculine plural weak)
hardin (genitive neuter singular weak)
hardno (genitive neuter plural weak)
hardin (feminine genitive singular weak)
hardno (feminine genitive plural weak)
hardin (dative masculine singular weak)
hardon (dative masculine plural weak)
hardin (dative neuter singular weak)
hardon (dative neuter plural weak)
hardin (dative feminine singular weak)
hardon (dative feminine plural weak)

hart

desctree

Middle Dutch: hart, hert
Dutch: hard
Jersey Dutch: hārd
Negerhollands: hart
Skepi Creole Dutch: hardt


rot

Middle Dutch: rôot
Dutch: rood
Afrikaans: rooi
Jersey Dutch: rôi
Negerhollands: rooi, ro, roo, rood
Skepi Creole Dutch: aro
Limburgish: roead


munt

Middle Dutch: mont
Dutch: mond, mont (obsolete)
Afrikaans: mond
Javindo: mon
Negerhollands: mond, mon, mun, mont
→ Virgin Islands Creole: mon, mout (dated)
Petjo: mon
Skepi Creole Dutch: mont
Limburgish: móndj


osso

osso (nominative singular)
osson (nominative plural)
-un (nominative plural)
osso (accusative singular)
osson (accusative plural)
-un (accusative plural)
ossin (genitive singular)
ossono (genitive plural)
osson (dative singular)
-in (dative singular)
osson (dative plural)

Middle Dutch: osse

Dutch: os
Afrikaans: os
Negerhollands: os


boron

boron (infinitive)
boro (first-person present singular)
boron (first-person present singular)
boroda (first-person past singular)
boros (present second-person singular)
borost (present second-person singular)
borodos (past second-person singular)
borot (present singular third-person)
boroda (past singular third-person)
boron (first-person plural present)
borodun (first-person past plural)
borot (plural present second-person)
borodut (past plural second-person)
boront (plural present third-person)
borodun (past plural third-person)
borodi (first-person past singular)
borodis (past second-person singular)
boro (present singular third-person)
borodi (past singular third-person)
borodin (first-person past plural)
borodit (past plural second-person)
boron (plural present third-person)
borodin (past plural third-person)
boro (present singular)
borot (plural present)
borondi (present)
borot (past)
giborot (past)

Middle Dutch: bōren

Dutch: boren

From Proto-West Germanic *borōn, from Proto-Germanic *burōną. Equivalent to *bora (“bore”) + -on.


dag

dag (nominative singular)
daga (nominative plural)
dag (accusative singular)
daga (accusative plural)
dages (genitive singular)
dago (genitive plural)
dage (dative singular)
dagon (dative plural)

Middle Dutch: dach
Dutch: dag, dagge, dagh (obsolete)
Afrikaans: dag
Berbice Creole Dutch: daka
Jersey Dutch: dâx
Negerhollands: dag, dak
→ Virgin Islands Creole: dak (archaic)
Petjo: dah
Skepi Creole Dutch: dak, dagka
→ Saramaccan: dáka
Limburgish: daag
West Flemish: dag
Zealandic: dag

From Proto-West Germanic *dag, from Proto-Germanic *dagaz, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰegʷʰ- (“to burn, to be illuminated”).

der

mānodag

piece of land with special feudal duties


argon

argon (infinitive)
argo (first-person present singular)
argon (first-person present singular)
argoda (first-person past singular)
argos (present second-person singular)
argost (present second-person singular)
argodos (past second-person singular)
argot (present singular third-person)
argoda (past singular third-person)
argon (first-person plural present)
argodun (first-person past plural)
argot (plural present second-person)
argodut (past plural second-person)
argont (plural present third-person)
argodun (past plural third-person)
argodi (first-person past singular)
argodis (past second-person singular)
argo (present singular third-person)
argodi (past singular third-person)
argodin (first-person past plural)
argodit (past plural second-person)
argon (plural present third-person)
argodin (past plural third-person)
argo (present singular)
argot (plural present)
argondi (present)
argot (past)
giargot (past)

Middle Dutch: argen, ergen

From Proto-West Germanic *argēn. Equivalent to arg (“wrong, bad”) + -on.


dal

desctree

Middle Dutch: dal
Dutch: dal
Afrikaans: dal
Limburgish: daal


meri

Middle Dutch: mēre, mare

Dutch: meer, (regional) maar


meri

Middle Dutch: meer

Dutch: (obsolete) meer


bia

Middle Dutch: bië

Dutch: bij

Afrikaans: by

West Flemish: bie

Zealandic: bie, bieë


mus

Middle Dutch: muus
Dutch: muis
Afrikaans: muis
Jersey Dutch: mäus
Negerhollands: mischi, miśi, muśi
→ Caribbean Hindustani: mus
→ Sranan Tongo: moismoisi
Limburgish: moes

From Proto-West Germanic *mūs, from Proto-Germanic *mūs.


judo

Middle Dutch: jōde

Dutch: jood


mit

Middle Dutch: met
Dutch: met
Limburgish: mit

From Proto-West Germanic *midi, from Proto-Germanic *midi, from Proto-Indo-European *meth₂, from *me (“with”). Cognate with Ancient Greek μετά (metá, “among, between, with”), Sanskrit स्मत् (smat, “together, at the same time”).


wat

desctree

Middle Dutch: wat
Afrikaans: wat
Dutch: wat
Limburgish: waat


ars

Middle Dutch: āers

Dutch: aars
Afrikaans: aars

From Proto-West Germanic *ars, from Proto-Germanic *arsaz.


bar

Middle Dutch: bāer

Dutch: bar

Dutch: baar


fan

Middle Dutch: van
Dutch: van
Afrikaans: van
Berbice Creole Dutch: fan
Javindo: fan
Jersey Dutch: vān, fān, f'n
Negerhollands: van, fan, fa
→ Virgin Islands Creole: fam
Skepi Creole Dutch: fan
Limburgish: ven


fan

fān (canonical)
fān (infinitive)
fā (first-person present singular)
fān (first-person present singular)
fienc (first-person past singular)
fās (present second-person singular)
fāst (present second-person singular)
fiengi (past second-person singular)
fiengis (past second-person singular)
fāt (present singular third-person)
fienc (past singular third-person)
fān (first-person plural present)
fiengun (first-person past plural)
fāt (plural present second-person)
fiengut (past plural second-person)
fānt (plural present third-person)
fiengun (past plural third-person)
fiengi (first-person past singular)
fā (present singular third-person)
fiengi (past singular third-person)
fiengin (first-person past plural)
fiengit (past plural second-person)
fān (plural present third-person)
fiengin (past plural third-person)
fā (present singular)
fāt (plural present)
fāndi (present)
gifān (past)
gifangan (past)

Middle Dutch: vâen
Dutch: vangen
Afrikaans: vang
Berbice Creole Dutch: fanggi
Negerhollands: vang, faṅ
Skepi Creole Dutch: fank
→ Aukan: fanga
→ Sranan Tongo: fanga
→ Caribbean Javanese: fangah, mangah
Limburgish: vange


wort

wort (nominative singular)
wort (nominative plural)
wort (accusative singular)
wort (accusative plural)
wordes (genitive singular)
wordo (genitive plural)
worde (dative singular)
wordon (dative plural)

Middle Dutch: wort
Dutch: woord
Limburgish: waord, waordj


eth

ēthe (nominative singular)
-i (nominative singular)
ēthe (nominative plural)
-i (nominative plural)
ēthe (accusative singular)
-i (accusative singular)
ēthe (accusative plural)
-i (accusative plural)
ēthes (genitive singular)
-is (genitive singular)
ētho (genitive plural)
ēthe (dative singular)
-i (dative singular)
ēthon (dative plural)


smith

Middle Dutch: smit
Dutch: smid
Afrikaans: smid
Negerhollands: smid
→ Munsee: shumát
→ Papiamentu: smet, smid
→ Sranan Tongo: smeti, smitti
→ Saramaccan: simítima
→ Unami: shëmìt, shmìt
Limburgish: smeid, smieëd


berg

berg (nominative singular)
berga (nominative plural)
berg (accusative singular)
berga (accusative plural)
bergas (genitive singular)
berge (genitive plural)
-o (genitive plural)
bergo (dative singular)
bergon (dative plural)

Middle Dutch: berch
Dutch: berg
Afrikaans: berg
→ English: berg
Berbice Creole Dutch: berki
Jersey Dutch: bêrix
Negerhollands: berg, bergi
→ Virgin Islands Creole: berg, bergi
→ Aukan: beligi
→ Sranan Tongo: bergi
→ Caribbean Javanese: bérgi
Limburgish: berg


mano

māno (canonical masculine)
māno (nominative singular)
mānon (nominative plural)
-un (nominative plural)
māno (accusative singular)
mānon (accusative plural)
-un (accusative plural)
mānin (genitive singular)
mānono (genitive plural)
mānon (dative singular)
-in (dative singular)
mānon (dative plural)

Middle Dutch: mâne
Dutch: maan
Afrikaans: maan
Berbice Creole Dutch: manti
Jersey Dutch: mân, môn
Negerhollands: maand, man, maen
→ Aukan: manti
Limburgish: maon
West Flemish: moane
Zealandic: maene, maone


weg

weg (nominative singular)
wega (nominative plural)
weg (accusative singular)
wega (accusative plural)
weges (genitive singular)
wego (genitive plural)
wege (dative singular)
wegon (dative plural)

Middle Dutch: wech
Dutch: weg
Afrikaans: weg
Limburgish: waeg


heilig

Middle Dutch: heilich

Dutch: heilig


bom

Middle Dutch: bôom
Dutch: boom
Afrikaans: boom
Berbice Creole Dutch: bom
Jersey Dutch: bôm
Negerhollands: bom, boom
→ Virgin Islands Creole: bom (archaic)
Polish: bom, bum
Skepi Creole Dutch: bom, boom
Sranan Tongo: bon
Aukan: bon
→ English: boom
→ Indonesian: bom (“tree, pole”), bum
Limburgish: boum


hus

Middle Dutch: huus
Dutch: huis
Afrikaans: huis
Javindo: guis, huis, geis, heis
Jersey Dutch: häus
Negerhollands: hoes, hus, huus
→ Virgin Islands Creole: hus (dated)
Petjo: heis
Skepi Creole Dutch: huis, hoose
Limburgish: hoes


dragon

dragon (infinitive)
drago (first-person present singular)
dragon (first-person present singular)
dragoda (first-person past singular)
dragos (present second-person singular)
dragost (present second-person singular)
dragodos (past second-person singular)
dragot (present singular third-person)
dragoda (past singular third-person)
dragon (first-person plural present)
dragodun (first-person past plural)
dragot (plural present second-person)
dragodut (past plural second-person)
dragont (plural present third-person)
dragodun (past plural third-person)
dragodi (first-person past singular)
dragodis (past second-person singular)
drago (present singular third-person)
dragodi (past singular third-person)
dragodin (first-person past plural)
dragodit (past plural second-person)
dragon (plural present third-person)
dragodin (past plural third-person)
drago (present singular)
dragot (plural present)
dragondi (present)
dragot (past)
gidragot (past)

Middle Dutch: drāgen
Dutch: dragen
Limburgish: drage
Zealandic: draege


grunt

Middle Dutch: gront

Dutch: grond


dier

Middle Dutch: dier

Dutch: dier

From Proto-West Germanic *deuʀ, from Proto-Germanic *deuzą, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewsóm.


wie

Middle Dutch: wie
Dutch: wie
Limburgish: wae

From earlier wē, *hwē, from Proto-West Germanic *hwaʀ, from Proto-Germanic *hwaz.


draco

Middle Dutch: drāke
Dutch: draak
Afrikaans: draak
Limburgish: draagk, draogk
West Flemish: droake


quicken

quicken (infinitive)
quicco (first-person present singular)
quiccon (first-person present singular)
quickida (first-person past singular)
quickis (present second-person singular)
quickist (present second-person singular)
quickidos (past second-person singular)
quickit (present singular third-person)
quickida (past singular third-person)
quicken (first-person plural present)
quickidun (first-person past plural)
quickit (plural present second-person)
quickidut (past plural second-person)
quickent (plural present third-person)
quickidun (past plural third-person)
quicke (first-person present singular)
quickidi (first-person past singular)
quickes (present second-person singular)
quickest (present second-person singular)
quickidis (past second-person singular)
quicke (present singular third-person)
quickidi (past singular third-person)
quickidin (first-person past plural)
quicket (plural present second-person)
quickidit (past plural second-person)
quicken (plural present third-person)
quickidin (past plural third-person)
quicki (present singular)
quickit (plural present)
quickendi (present)
quickit (past)
giquickit (past)

Middle Dutch: quicken


gero

Middle Dutch: gēre

Dutch: geer


ut

Middle Dutch: uut, ute

Dutch: uit
Afrikaans: uit
Berbice Creole Dutch: oiti
Jersey Dutch: äut
Negerhollands: ut, it, yt


bogen

bōgen (canonical)
bōgen (infinitive)
bōgo (first-person present singular)
bōgon (first-person present singular)
bōgida (first-person past singular)
bōgis (present second-person singular)
bōgist (present second-person singular)
bōgidos (past second-person singular)
bōgit (present singular third-person)
bōgida (past singular third-person)
bōgen (first-person plural present)
bōgidun (first-person past plural)
bōgit (plural present second-person)
bōgidut (past plural second-person)
bōgent (plural present third-person)
bōgidun (past plural third-person)
bōge (first-person present singular)
bōgidi (first-person past singular)
bōges (present second-person singular)
bōgest (present second-person singular)
bōgidis (past second-person singular)
bōge (present singular third-person)
bōgidi (past singular third-person)
bōgidin (first-person past plural)
bōget (plural present second-person)
bōgidit (past plural second-person)
bōgen (plural present third-person)
bōgidin (past plural third-person)
bōgi (present singular)
bōgit (plural present)
bōgendi (present)
bōgit (past)
gibōgit (past)

Middle Dutch: bôgen


io

Duncla uuerthin ougon iro that sia ne gesian in rukgi iro io an crumbe.

1981, Arend Quak, chapter 1, in Die altmittel- und altniederfränkischen Psalmen und Glossen. Nach den Handschriften und Erstdrucken neu herausgegeben. [The Old Middle and Old Lower Franconian Psalms and Glosses. Republished after the manuscripts and original publications.] (Amsterdamer Publikationen zur Sprache und Literatur; 47), Amsterdam: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 69:

May their eyes be blinded so they (can) not see, and may their back keep getting bent!

An thi sang min io.

1981, Arend Quak, chapter 1, in Die altmittel- und altniederfränkischen Psalmen und Glossen. Nach den Handschriften und Erstdrucken neu herausgegeben. [The Old Middle and Old Lower Franconian Psalms and Glosses. Republished after the manuscripts and original publications.] (Amsterdamer Publikationen zur Sprache und Literatur; 47), Amsterdam: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 71:

So wer ouch thurgh godes willan thiro wereld arbeyde muothe, wie magh her ie ze meeron ruowan cuman, thanne thaz her uollecume 'ad fontem totius boni'?

1971, Willy Sanders, editor, (Expositio) Willerammi Eberspergensis abbatis in canticis canticorum. Die Leidener Handschrift. (Kleine deutsche Prosadenkmäler des Mittelalters; 9) (overall work in Latin and Old High German), München: Wilhelm Fink, page 52:

And whoever by God's will is tired by the burdens of the world, how can he ever attain peace better than that he reaches the source of all good?


stan

stān (canonical)
stān (infinitive)
stā (first-person present singular)
stān (first-person present singular)
stunt (first-person past singular)
stēs (present second-person singular)
stēst (present second-person singular)
stundi (past second-person singular)
stundis (past second-person singular)
stēt (present singular third-person)
stunt (past singular third-person)
stān (first-person plural present)
stundun (first-person past plural)
stāt (plural present second-person)
stundut (past plural second-person)
stānt (plural present third-person)
stundun (past plural third-person)
stundi (first-person past singular)
stās (present second-person singular)
stāst (present second-person singular)
stā (present singular third-person)
stundi (past singular third-person)
stundin (first-person past plural)
stundit (past plural second-person)
stān (plural present third-person)
stundin (past plural third-person)
stā (present singular)
stāt (plural present)
stāndi (present)
gistān (past)
gistandan (past)

Middle Dutch: stâen
Dutch: staan
Afrikaans: staan
Berbice Creole Dutch: tan
Jersey Dutch: stân
Negerhollands: staan, tan
→ Biak: vestan
Limburgish: staon

From Proto-West Germanic *stān, from Proto-Germanic *stāną.


fisc

Middle Dutch: visch, visc, vis, vesch, fisch, fisc
Dutch: vis, visch (before 1934)
Afrikaans: vis
Berbice Creole Dutch: fesi
Jersey Dutch: väśe
Negerhollands: visch, vesch, fes, fis, vis
→ Virgin Islands Creole: fis (dated)
Skepi Creole Dutch: fesi, fisse, fiche
Petjo: fis
→? Aukan: fisi
Limburgish: visj, vèsj
West Flemish: vissch

From Frankish and Proto-West Germanic *fisk, Proto-Germanic *fiskaz, from Proto-Indo-European *peysk- (“fish”).


brand

Middle Dutch: brant
Dutch: brand
Afrikaans: brand
Limburgish: brandj

From Proto-West Germanic *brand, from Proto-Germanic *brandaz.


lo

Middle Dutch: lôo

Dutch: loo


sniwan

snīwan (canonical)
snīwan (infinitive)
snīwo (first-person present singular)
snīwon (first-person present singular)
snēw (first-person past singular)
snīwis (present second-person singular)
snīwist (present second-person singular)
sniwi (past second-person singular)
sniwis (past second-person singular)
snīwit (present singular third-person)
snēw (past singular third-person)
snīwon (first-person plural present)
sniwun (first-person past plural)
snīwet (plural present second-person)
sniwut (past plural second-person)
snīwont (plural present third-person)
sniwun (past plural third-person)
snīwe (first-person present singular)
sniwi (first-person past singular)
snīwes (present second-person singular)
snīwest (present second-person singular)
snīwe (present singular third-person)
sniwi (past singular third-person)
snīwen (first-person plural present)
sniwin (first-person past plural)
sniwit (past plural second-person)
snīwen (plural present third-person)
sniwin (past plural third-person)
snīw (present singular)
snīwet (plural present)
snīwandi (present)
sniwan (past)
gisniwan (past)

Middle Dutch: snuwen
Dutch: snuwen
Limburgish: snieë, snieëje


dot

Middle Dutch: dôot
Dutch: dood
Afrikaans: dood
Berbice Creole Dutch: doto
Petjo: doot
Limburgish: doead


jar

Middle Dutch: jâer
Dutch: jaar
Afrikaans: jaar
Berbice Creole Dutch: jari
Jersey Dutch: jâr
Negerhollands: jaer, jaar, yer
→ Aukan: yali
→ Sranan Tongo: yari
→ Caribbean Javanese: yari
→ Saramaccan: jáa
Limburgish: jaor
West Flemish: joar
Zealandic: jaer, jaor


these

these (masculine nominative singular)
thit (neuter nominative singular)
thiusa (feminine nominative singular)
thiese (nominative plural)
thesen (accusative masculine singular)
thit (accusative neuter singular)
thesa (accusative feminine singular)
thesa (accusative plural)
theses (genitive masculine singular)
theses (genitive neuter singular)
therro (feminine genitive singular)
therre (genitive plural)
thesemo (dative masculine singular)
thesemo (dative neuter singular)
therro (dative feminine singular)
thesum (dative plural)
thise (instrumental masculine neuter singular)

Middle Dutch: dēse, deze
Dutch: deze, dit
Limburgish: deze


wif

wīf (canonical neuter)
wīf (nominative singular)
wīf (nominative plural)
wīf (accusative singular)
wīf (accusative plural)
wīvis (genitive singular)
-es (genitive singular)
wīvo (genitive plural)
wīve (dative singular)
-i (dative singular)
wīvon (dative plural)

Middle Dutch: wijf
Dutch: wijf
Afrikaans: wyf
Jersey Dutch: wāif
Negerhollands: wief, wif
Skepi Creole Dutch: weef
Sranan Tongo: wefi
Limburgish: wief
West Flemish: wuuf
Zealandic: wuuf

From Proto-West Germanic *wīb, from Proto-Germanic *wībą.
Cognate with Old Frisian wīf, Old Saxon wīf, Old English wīf, Old High German wīb, Old Norse víf.

c. 1000 CE, Leiden Willeram;
Thie thiernan sahon sie ande zaldon sie ze aller wivo saligosta

The girls saw her and counted her as the most fortunate of all women

c. 1100 CE, Rhinelandic Rhyming Bible;
Thure sinen bosen nith betroch er thaz arme wif

Because of his evil hate, he decieved that poor woman


fro

frō (canonical masculine)
frō (nominative singular)
frōn (nominative plural)
frōn (accusative singular)
frōn (accusative plural)
frōn (genitive singular)
frōno (genitive plural)
frōn (dative singular)
frōn (dative plural)

From Proto-West Germanic *frauwjō, from Proto-Germanic *frawjô. Related to Old High German frō, Old English frēa and Old Norse Freyr.


baton

baton (infinitive)
bato (first-person present singular)
baton (first-person present singular)
batoda (first-person past singular)
batos (present second-person singular)
batost (present second-person singular)
batodos (past second-person singular)
batot (present singular third-person)
batoda (past singular third-person)
baton (first-person plural present)
batodun (first-person past plural)
batot (plural present second-person)
batodut (past plural second-person)
batont (plural present third-person)
batodun (past plural third-person)
batodi (first-person past singular)
batodis (past second-person singular)
bato (present singular third-person)
batodi (past singular third-person)
batodin (first-person past plural)
batodit (past plural second-person)
baton (plural present third-person)
batodin (past plural third-person)
bato (present singular)
batot (plural present)
batondi (present)
batot (past)
gibatot (past)

Middle Dutch: bāten

Dutch: baten

Afrikaans: baat

From Proto-West Germanic *batēn. Equivalent to *bat (“good”) + -on or *bata (“boon”) + -on.


holt

Middle Dutch: hout
Dutch: hout
Afrikaans: hout
Limburgish: hówtj

From Proto-West Germanic *holt, from Proto-Germanic *hultą.


-o

Middle Dutch: -e

From Proto-West Germanic *-ō, from Proto-Germanic *-ô.


-o

From Proto-West Germanic *-jō, from Proto-Germanic *-jô.


hie

ik (nominative personal pronoun singular)
ic (nominative personal pronoun singular)
ih (nominative personal pronoun singular)
wī (nominative personal plural pronoun)
wīr (nominative personal plural pronoun)
mī (accusative personal pronoun singular)
mik (accusative personal pronoun singular)
mic (accusative personal pronoun singular)
uns (accusative personal plural pronoun)
unsig (accusative personal plural pronoun)
mīn (genitive personal pronoun singular)
unsa (genitive personal plural pronoun)
unser (genitive personal plural pronoun)
mī (dative personal pronoun singular)
uns (dative personal plural pronoun)
unsig (dative personal plural pronoun)
thu (nominative personal pronoun singular)
tu (nominative personal pronoun singular)
gī (nominative personal plural pronoun)
ir (nominative personal plural pronoun)
thī (accusative personal pronoun singular)
thik (accusative personal pronoun singular)
thic (accusative personal pronoun singular)
iu (accusative personal plural pronoun)
thīn (genitive personal pronoun singular)
iuwa (genitive personal plural pronoun)
iuwer (genitive personal plural pronoun)
thī (dative personal pronoun singular)
iu (dative personal plural pronoun)
hē (masculine nominative personal pronoun)
hie (masculine nominative personal pronoun)
sia (feminine nominative personal pronoun)
it (neuter nominative personal pronoun)
imo (accusative masculine personal pronoun)
sia (accusative feminine personal pronoun)
it (accusative neuter personal pronoun)
sīn (genitive masculine personal pronoun)
is (genitive masculine personal pronoun)
iro (feminine genitive personal pronoun)
is (genitive neuter personal pronoun)
imo (dative masculine personal pronoun)
iro (dative feminine personal pronoun)
imo (dative neuter personal pronoun)
sia (nominative personal plural pronoun)
sie (masc. plur.) (nominative personal plural pronoun)
sia (accusative personal plural pronoun)
sie (masc. plur.) (accusative personal plural pronoun)
iro (genitive personal plural pronoun)
im (dative personal plural pronoun)

Middle Dutch: hi
Dutch: hij, ie
Limburgish: hae

From earlier hē, from Proto-West Germanic *hiʀ, from Proto-Germanic *hiz.


leren

lēren (canonical)
lēren (infinitive)
lēro (first-person present singular)
lēron (first-person present singular)
lērida (first-person past singular)
lēris (present second-person singular)
lērist (present second-person singular)
lēridos (past second-person singular)
lērit (present singular third-person)
lērida (past singular third-person)
lēren (first-person plural present)
lēridun (first-person past plural)
lērit (plural present second-person)
lēridut (past plural second-person)
lērent (plural present third-person)
lēridun (past plural third-person)
lēre (first-person present singular)
lēridi (first-person past singular)
lēres (present second-person singular)
lērest (present second-person singular)
lēridis (past second-person singular)
lēre (present singular third-person)
lēridi (past singular third-person)
lēridin (first-person past plural)
lēret (plural present second-person)
lēridit (past plural second-person)
lēren (plural present third-person)
lēridin (past plural third-person)
lēri (present singular)
lērit (plural present)
lērendi (present)
lērit (past)
gilērit (past)

Middle Dutch: lêren
Dutch: leren
Limburgish: lieëre

From Proto-West Germanic *laiʀijan, from Proto-Germanic *laizijaną.


sia

Middle Dutch: si, sie

Dutch: zij

Limburgish: zie

Along with siu (“she”), from Proto-Germanic *iz and *hiz.


wi

wī (canonical)
ik (nominative personal pronoun singular)
ic (nominative personal pronoun singular)
ih (nominative personal pronoun singular)
wī (nominative personal plural pronoun)
wīr (nominative personal plural pronoun)
mī (accusative personal pronoun singular)
mik (accusative personal pronoun singular)
mic (accusative personal pronoun singular)
uns (accusative personal plural pronoun)
unsig (accusative personal plural pronoun)
mīn (genitive personal pronoun singular)
unsa (genitive personal plural pronoun)
unser (genitive personal plural pronoun)
mī (dative personal pronoun singular)
uns (dative personal plural pronoun)
unsig (dative personal plural pronoun)
thu (nominative personal pronoun singular)
tu (nominative personal pronoun singular)
gī (nominative personal plural pronoun)
ir (nominative personal plural pronoun)
thī (accusative personal pronoun singular)
thik (accusative personal pronoun singular)
thic (accusative personal pronoun singular)
iu (accusative personal plural pronoun)
thīn (genitive personal pronoun singular)
iuwa (genitive personal plural pronoun)
iuwer (genitive personal plural pronoun)
thī (dative personal pronoun singular)
iu (dative personal plural pronoun)
hē (masculine nominative personal pronoun)
hie (masculine nominative personal pronoun)
sia (feminine nominative personal pronoun)
it (neuter nominative personal pronoun)
imo (accusative masculine personal pronoun)
sia (accusative feminine personal pronoun)
it (accusative neuter personal pronoun)
sīn (genitive masculine personal pronoun)
is (genitive masculine personal pronoun)
iro (feminine genitive personal pronoun)
is (genitive neuter personal pronoun)
imo (dative masculine personal pronoun)
iro (dative feminine personal pronoun)
imo (dative neuter personal pronoun)
sia (nominative personal plural pronoun)
sie (masc. plur.) (nominative personal plural pronoun)
sia (accusative personal plural pronoun)
sie (masc. plur.) (accusative personal plural pronoun)
iro (genitive personal plural pronoun)
im (dative personal plural pronoun)

Middle Dutch: wi
Dutch: wij

From Proto-West Germanic *wiʀ, from Proto-Germanic *wīz, from Proto-Indo-European *wéy.


ora

Middle Dutch: ôre
Dutch: oor
Afrikaans: oor
Jersey Dutch: ôr
Negerhollands: oor, hoor, ho
Limburgish: oear

From Proto-West Germanic *auʀā, from the voiced Verner alternant of Proto-Germanic *ausô, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ows-.


gi

Middle Dutch: gi
Dutch: gij, jij
Afrikaans: jy
Berbice Creole Dutch: ju
Jersey Dutch: jāi
Negerhollands: joe, ju
Petjo: jij
Limburgish: geer

From Proto-West Germanic *jiʀ, from Proto-Germanic *jūz.


buc

Middle Dutch: boc, buc
Dutch: bok (see there for further descendants)
Limburgish: bók
West Flemish: buk

From Proto-West Germanic *bukk, from Proto-Germanic *bukkaz.


buc

Middle Dutch: buuc
Dutch: buik
Afrikaans: buik
Negerhollands: buk, big, bik
Skepi Creole Dutch: buk
Limburgish: boek
West Flemish: buuk
Zealandic: buuk

From Proto-West Germanic *būk, from Proto-Germanic *būkaz.


sten

Middle Dutch: stêen
Dutch: steen
Afrikaans: steen
→ Sotho: setene
→ Southern Ndebele: isitina
→ Zulu: isitini
Fanagalo: stin
Berbice Creole Dutch: ten
Negerhollands: steen, stin, sten
→ Virgin Islands Creole: sten (dated)
Skepi Creole Dutch: stene, stenna
→ Papiamentu: stenchi (from the diminutive)
Limburgish: stein

From Proto-West Germanic *stain, from Proto-Germanic *stainaz.


bona

Middle Dutch: bône
Dutch: boon
Afrikaans: boon
→ Xhosa: imbotyi (from the diminutive)
Berbice Creole Dutch: bono
Negerhollands: bontśi, boontje, boonschi (from the diminutive)
→ Virgin Islands Creole: bontsi (archaic)
→ Caribbean Javanese: bontyis (from the diminutive plural)
→ Indonesian: buncis (from the diminutive plural)
→ Petjo: bontjies, boontjies
→ Javanese: buncis (from the diminutive plural)
→ Papiamentu: bonchi, boontsje (from the diminutive)
→ Sranan Tongo: bonki (from the diminutive)
→ Caribbean Hindustani: bongki
Limburgish: boean


alt

alt

alt (masculine nominative singular strong)
alde (masculine nominative plural strong)
alt (neuter nominative singular strong)
alde (neuter nominative plural strong)
alt (feminine nominative singular strong)
aldu (feminine nominative plural strong)
aldan (accusative masculine singular strong)
alde (accusative masculine plural strong)
alt (accusative neuter singular strong)
alde (accusative neuter plural strong)
alda (accusative feminine singular strong)
aldu (accusative feminine plural strong)
aldis (genitive masculine singular strong)
aldro (genitive masculine plural strong)
aldis (genitive neuter singular strong)
aldro (genitive neuter plural strong)
aldro (feminine genitive singular strong)
aldrō (feminine genitive plural strong)
aldon (dative masculine singular strong)
aldon (dative masculine plural strong)
aldon (dative neuter singular strong)
aldon (dative neuter plural strong)
aldro (dative feminine singular strong)
aldon (dative feminine plural strong)
aldo (masculine nominative singular weak)
aldu (masculine nominative plural weak)
alda (neuter nominative singular weak)
aldu (neuter nominative plural weak)
alda (feminine nominative singular weak)
aldu (feminine nominative plural weak)
aldin (accusative masculine singular weak)
aldin (accusative masculine plural weak)
alda (accusative neuter singular weak)
aldin (accusative neuter plural weak)
aldin (accusative feminine singular weak)
aldin (accusative feminine plural weak)
aldin (genitive masculine singular weak)
aldno (genitive masculine plural weak)
aldin (genitive neuter singular weak)
aldno (genitive neuter plural weak)
aldin (feminine genitive singular weak)
aldno (feminine genitive plural weak)
aldin (dative masculine singular weak)
aldon (dative masculine plural weak)
aldin (dative neuter singular weak)
aldon (dative neuter plural weak)
aldin (dative feminine singular weak)
aldon (dative feminine plural weak)

Middle Dutch: out
Dutch: oud, (obsolete) oudt
Afrikaans: oud
Berbice Creole Dutch: hau
Jersey Dutch: āud, āut
Negerhollands: oud, ouw, houw, hou
Skepi Creole Dutch: ou, oud
West Flemish: elde
Limburgish: aad

From Proto-Germanic *aldaz (“grown-up”), from Proto-Indo-European *altós, *h₂eltós, from *h₂el- (“grow, nourish”).


rinc

Middle Dutch: rinc
Dutch: ring
Afrikaans: ring
Negerhollands: rink, riṅ
→? Aukan: linga
→ Indonesian: ring
→ Papiamentu: renchi, ringtsje (from the diminutive)
Limburgish: rink

From Proto-West Germanic *hring, from Proto-Germanic *hringaz.


min

mīn (canonical)
mīn (masculine nominative singular)
mīn (feminine nominative singular)
mīn (neuter nominative singular)
mīnin (accusative masculine singular)
mīna (accusative feminine singular)
mīn (accusative neuter singular)
mīnis (genitive masculine singular)
mīnro (feminine genitive singular)
mīnis (genitive neuter singular)
mīnin (dative masculine singular)
mīnro (dative feminine singular)
mīnin (dative neuter singular)
mīnin (instrumental masculine singular)
mīnro (feminine instrumental singular)
mīnin (instrumental neuter singular)
mīna (masculine nominative plural)
mīna (feminine nominative plural)
mīna (neuter nominative plural)
mīna (accusative masculine plural)
mīna (accusative feminine plural)
mīna (accusative neuter plural)
mīnro (genitive masculine plural)
mīnro (feminine genitive plural)
mīnro (genitive neuter plural)
mīnon (dative masculine plural)
mīnon (dative feminine plural)
mīnon (dative neuter plural)
mīn- (instrumental masculine plural)
mīn- (feminine instrumental plural)
mīn- (instrumental neuter plural)

odt-decl-adj-table

<i class="Latn mention" lang="odt">min</i> — Strong only

desctree

Middle Dutch: mijn
Dutch: mijn
Limburgish: mien


strata

Middle Dutch: strâte
Dutch: straat (see there for further descendants)
Limburgish: sjtraot, straot

From Proto-West Germanic *strātu, from Latin strāta.


forno

forno (nominative singular)
fornon (nominative plural)
-un (nominative plural)
forno (accusative singular)
fornon (accusative plural)
-un (accusative plural)
fornin (genitive singular)
fornono (genitive plural)
fornon (dative singular)
-in (dative singular)
fornon (dative plural)

Middle Dutch: vōorne

Dutch: voorn


brado

Middle Dutch: brâde

Afrikaans: braai

→ Dutch: braai

→ English: braai


ande

Middle Dutch: ende, en, end, enn, enne; (early) inde; (very rare) unde, ande
Dutch: en, ende (archaic)
Afrikaans: en
Berbice Creole Dutch: an
Jersey Dutch: en
Negerhollands: en, an
Petjo: en
Sranan Tongo: èn
Limburgish: ènde, ènd, èn, è

From Proto-Germanic *anda, *andi, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂entí.


bidden

bidden (infinitive)
biddo (first-person present singular)
biddon (first-person present singular)
bat (first-person past singular)
bidis (present second-person singular)
bidist (present second-person singular)
bādi (past second-person singular)
bādis (past second-person singular)
bidit (present singular third-person)
bat (past singular third-person)
bidden (first-person plural present)
bādun (first-person past plural)
bidet (plural present second-person)
bādut (past plural second-person)
biddent (plural present third-person)
bādun (past plural third-person)
bidde (first-person present singular)
bādi (first-person past singular)
biddes (present second-person singular)
biddest (present second-person singular)
bidde (present singular third-person)
bādi (past singular third-person)
bādin (first-person past plural)
biddet (plural present second-person)
bādit (past plural second-person)
bidden (plural present third-person)
bādin (past plural third-person)
bidi (present singular)
bidet (plural present)
biddendi (present)
bedan (past)
gibedan (past)

Middle Dutch: bidden
Dutch: bidden
Afrikaans: bid
Negerhollands: bed, bet, bit
Limburgish: baeje


fuir

fuir (nominative singular)
fuir (nominative plural)
fuir (accusative singular)
fuir (accusative plural)
fuiris (genitive singular)
-es (genitive singular)
fuiro (genitive plural)
fuire (dative singular)
-i (dative singular)
fuiron (dative plural)

Middle Dutch: vuur
Dutch: vuur, vier (Southern)
Afrikaans: vuur
Javindo: vier
Jersey Dutch: vuer, vîr
Negerhollands: vuur, fi, vier
Skepi Creole Dutch: fir
Limburgish: vuur
West Flemish: vier
Zealandic: vier

From Proto-West Germanic *fuir, from Proto-Germanic *fōr, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *péh₂wr̥.


tunga

tunga (nominative singular)
tungon (nominative plural)
tungon (accusative singular)
tungon (accusative plural)
tungon (genitive singular)
tungno (genitive plural)
tungon (dative singular)
tungon (dative plural)

Middle Dutch: tonge, tonghe
Dutch: tong
Afrikaans: tong
Negerhollands: tong, toṅ, tung
→ Virgin Islands Creole: ton (dated)
Skepi Creole Dutch: tunk
→? Sranan Tongo: tongo
→ Aukan: tongo
→ Kwinti: tongo
→ Saramaccan: tongò
Limburgish: tóng

From Proto-West Germanic *tungā, from Proto-Germanic *tungǭ, from Proto-Indo-European *dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s.


stat

Middle Dutch: stat, stede

Dutch: stad, stede, stee


mari

Middle Dutch: mâre


wien

wīen (canonical)
wīen (infinitive)
wīo (first-person present singular)
wīon (first-person present singular)
wīda (first-person past singular)
wīs (present second-person singular)
wīst (present second-person singular)
wīdos (past second-person singular)
wīt (present singular third-person)
wīda (past singular third-person)
wīen (first-person plural present)
wīdun (first-person past plural)
wīt (plural present second-person)
wīdut (past plural second-person)
wīent (plural present third-person)
wīdun (past plural third-person)
wīe (first-person present singular)
wīdi (first-person past singular)
wīes (present second-person singular)
wīest (present second-person singular)
wīdis (past second-person singular)
wīe (present singular third-person)
wīdi (past singular third-person)
wīdin (first-person past plural)
wīet (plural present second-person)
wīdit (past plural second-person)
wīen (plural present third-person)
wīdin (past plural third-person)
wī (present singular)
wīt (plural present)
wīendi (present)
wīt (past)
giwīt (past)

Middle Dutch: wiën
Dutch: wijden
Limburgish: wieje

From Proto-West Germanic *wīhijan, from Proto-Germanic *wīhijaną.


ravan

Middle Dutch: rāven

Dutch: raaf


geit

Middle Dutch: geit

Dutch: geit
Afrikaans: geit

Limburgish: geit


leiden

leiden (infinitive)
leido (first-person present singular)
leidon (first-person present singular)
leidida (first-person past singular)
leidis (present second-person singular)
leidist (present second-person singular)
leididos (past second-person singular)
leidit (present singular third-person)
leidida (past singular third-person)
leiden (first-person plural present)
leididun (first-person past plural)
leidit (plural present second-person)
leididut (past plural second-person)
leident (plural present third-person)
leididun (past plural third-person)
leide (first-person present singular)
leididi (first-person past singular)
leides (present second-person singular)
leidest (present second-person singular)
leididis (past second-person singular)
leide (present singular third-person)
leididi (past singular third-person)
leididin (first-person past plural)
leidet (plural present second-person)
leididit (past plural second-person)
leiden (plural present third-person)
leididin (past plural third-person)
leidi (present singular)
leidit (plural present)
leidendi (present)
leidit (past)
gileidit (past)

Middle Dutch: leiden
Dutch: leiden
Afrikaans: lei
Limburgish: leide, leie, lèèje

From Proto-West Germanic *laidijan, from Proto-Germanic *laidijaną.


ne-

From Proto-Germanic *ne (“not”), from Proto-Indo-European *ne (“no, not”). Cognate with Old English ne- (“not”).

nederen

nedrādan

negeron

neduon

nequām

newitan

nēn

nio

newara


grot

Middle Dutch: grôot
Dutch: groot
Afrikaans: groot
Berbice Creole Dutch: groto
Jersey Dutch: x'rôt
Negerhollands: groot, grooto, guṅgu, gro
→ Virgin Islands Creole: gungu (dated)
Petjo: groot
Skepi Creole Dutch: groat
Limburgish: groeat
Zealandic: groôt

From Proto-West Germanic *graut, from Proto-Germanic *grautaz.


har

Middle Dutch: hâer

Dutch: haar


strecken

strecken (infinitive)
strecco (first-person present singular)
streccon (first-person present singular)
streckida (first-person past singular)
streckis (present second-person singular)
streckist (present second-person singular)
streckidos (past second-person singular)
streckit (present singular third-person)
streckida (past singular third-person)
strecken (first-person plural present)
streckidun (first-person past plural)
streckit (plural present second-person)
streckidut (past plural second-person)
streckent (plural present third-person)
streckidun (past plural third-person)
strecke (first-person present singular)
streckidi (first-person past singular)
streckes (present second-person singular)
streckest (present second-person singular)
streckidis (past second-person singular)
strecke (present singular third-person)
streckidi (past singular third-person)
streckidin (first-person past plural)
strecket (plural present second-person)
streckidit (past plural second-person)
strecken (plural present third-person)
streckidin (past plural third-person)
strecki (present singular)
streckit (plural present)
streckendi (present)
streckit (past)
gistreckit (past)

Middle Dutch: strecken
Dutch: strekken
Limburgish: strèkke


a

Middle Dutch: â

Dutch: a, Aa


mis-

Middle Dutch: mis-
Dutch: mis-
Afrikaans: mis-


tant

Middle Dutch: tant

Dutch: tand


gan

gān (canonical)
gān (infinitive)
gā (first-person present singular)
gān (first-person present singular)
gienc (first-person past singular)
gēs (present second-person singular)
gēst (present second-person singular)
giengi (past second-person singular)
giengis (past second-person singular)
gēt (present singular third-person)
gienc (past singular third-person)
gān (first-person plural present)
giengun (first-person past plural)
gāt (plural present second-person)
giengut (past plural second-person)
gānt (plural present third-person)
giengun (past plural third-person)
giengi (first-person past singular)
gās (present second-person singular)
gāst (present second-person singular)
gā (present singular third-person)
giengi (past singular third-person)
giengin (first-person past plural)
giengit (past plural second-person)
gān (plural present third-person)
giengin (past plural third-person)
gā (present singular)
gāt (plural present)
gāndi (present)
gigān (past)
gigangan (past)

Middle Dutch: gâen
Dutch: gaan
Afrikaans: gaan
Javindo: ha, haat
Jersey Dutch: xân, xâne
Petjo: gaan, haan
Limburgish: gaon


bindan

bindan (infinitive)
bindo (first-person present singular)
bindon (first-person present singular)
bant (first-person past singular)
bindis (present second-person singular)
bindist (present second-person singular)
bundi (past second-person singular)
bundis (past second-person singular)
bindit (present singular third-person)
bant (past singular third-person)
bindon (first-person plural present)
bundun (first-person past plural)
bindet (plural present second-person)
bundut (past plural second-person)
bindont (plural present third-person)
bundun (past plural third-person)
binde (first-person present singular)
bundi (first-person past singular)
bindes (present second-person singular)
bindest (present second-person singular)
binde (present singular third-person)
bundi (past singular third-person)
binden (first-person plural present)
bundin (first-person past plural)
bundit (past plural second-person)
binden (plural present third-person)
bundin (past plural third-person)
bint (present singular)
bindet (plural present)
bindandi (present)
bundan (past)
gibundan (past)

Middle Dutch: binden
Dutch: binden
Afrikaans: bind
Berbice Creole Dutch: bendi
Negerhollands: bind, bint, bin
Limburgish: binje


durran

durran (infinitive)
dar (first-person present singular)
dorsta (first-person past singular)
darst (present second-person singular)
dorstos (past second-person singular)
dar (present singular third-person)
dorsta (past singular third-person)
durrun (first-person plural present)
dorstun (first-person past plural)
durrut (plural present second-person)
dorstut (past plural second-person)
durrun (plural present third-person)
dorstun (past plural third-person)
durri (first-person present singular)
dursti (first-person past singular)
durris (present second-person singular)
durrist (present second-person singular)
durstis (past second-person singular)
durri (present singular third-person)
dursti (past singular third-person)
durrin (first-person plural present)
durstin (first-person past plural)
durrit (plural present second-person)
durstit (past plural second-person)
durrin (plural present third-person)
durstin (past plural third-person)
durrandi (present)
gidorst (past)

Middle Dutch: dorren
Dutch: durven (conflated in form with durven)
Limburgish: däöre, dörve

From Proto-West Germanic *durʀan, from Proto-Germanic *durzaną.


helpan

helpan (infinitive)
helpo (first-person present singular)
helpon (first-person present singular)
halp (first-person past singular)
hilpis (present second-person singular)
hilpist (present second-person singular)
hulpi (past second-person singular)
hulpis (past second-person singular)
hilpit (present singular third-person)
halp (past singular third-person)
helpon (first-person plural present)
hulpun (first-person past plural)
helpet (plural present second-person)
hulput (past plural second-person)
helpont (plural present third-person)
hulpun (past plural third-person)
helpe (first-person present singular)
hulpi (first-person past singular)
helpes (present second-person singular)
helpest (present second-person singular)
helpe (present singular third-person)
hulpi (past singular third-person)
helpen (first-person plural present)
hulpin (first-person past plural)
hulpit (past plural second-person)
helpen (plural present third-person)
hulpin (past plural third-person)
help (present singular)
hilp (present singular)
helpet (plural present)
helpandi (present)
holpan (past)
giholpan (past)

Middle Dutch: helpen
Dutch: helpen
Afrikaans: help
Berbice Creole Dutch: helpu
Javindo: helpen
Jersey Dutch: hälpe
Negerhollands: help
Skepi Creole Dutch: halp
→ Caribbean Javanese: hèlep, ngèlep
Limburgish: hèlpe

From Proto-West Germanic *helpan, from Proto-Germanic *helpaną.


swican

swīcan (canonical)
swīcan (infinitive)
swīco (first-person present singular)
swīcon (first-person present singular)
swēc (first-person past singular)
swīkis (present second-person singular)
swīkist (present second-person singular)
swiki (past second-person singular)
swikis (past second-person singular)
swīkit (present singular third-person)
swēc (past singular third-person)
swīcon (first-person plural present)
swicun (first-person past plural)
swīket (plural present second-person)
swicut (past plural second-person)
swīcont (plural present third-person)
swicun (past plural third-person)
swīke (first-person present singular)
swiki (first-person past singular)
swīkes (present second-person singular)
swīkest (present second-person singular)
swīke (present singular third-person)
swiki (past singular third-person)
swīken (first-person plural present)
swikin (first-person past plural)
swikit (past plural second-person)
swīken (plural present third-person)
swikin (past plural third-person)
swīc (present singular)
swīket (plural present)
swīcandi (present)
swican (past)
giswican (past)

Middle Dutch: swiken
Dutch: zwijken
Limburgish: zwieke

From Proto-West Germanic *swīkwan, from Proto-Germanic *swīkwaną.


horo

Middle Dutch: hōre

Dutch: hore


beran

beran (infinitive)
bero (first-person present singular)
beron (first-person present singular)
bar (first-person past singular)
biris (present second-person singular)
birist (present second-person singular)
bāri (past second-person singular)
bāris (past second-person singular)
birit (present singular third-person)
bar (past singular third-person)
beron (first-person plural present)
bārun (first-person past plural)
beret (plural present second-person)
bārut (past plural second-person)
beront (plural present third-person)
bārun (past plural third-person)
bere (first-person present singular)
bāri (first-person past singular)
beres (present second-person singular)
berest (present second-person singular)
bere (present singular third-person)
bāri (past singular third-person)
beren (first-person plural present)
bārin (first-person past plural)
bārit (past plural second-person)
beren (plural present third-person)
bārin (past plural third-person)
ber (present singular)
bir (present singular)
beret (plural present)
berandi (present)
boran (past)
giboran (past)

Middle Dutch: bēren

From Proto-West Germanic *beran, from Proto-Germanic *beraną.


lito

lito (nominative singular)
liton (nominative plural)
-un (nominative plural)
lito (accusative singular)
liton (accusative plural)
-un (accusative plural)
litin (genitive singular)
litono (genitive plural)
liton (dative singular)
-in (dative singular)
liton (dative plural)

early 6th c., King Clovis I, Salic law
maltho thi afrio lito


folc

folc (nominative singular)
folc (nominative plural)
folc (accusative singular)
folc (accusative plural)
folcis (genitive singular)
-es (genitive singular)
folco (genitive plural)
folce (dative singular)
-i (dative singular)
folcon (dative plural)

Middle Dutch: volc
Dutch: volk
Afrikaans: volk
Negerhollands: volk, folok, folk, fulok, fuluk, folluk
→ Sranan Tongo: folku
Limburgish: vouk

From Proto-West Germanic *folk, from Proto-Germanic *fulką.


burg

Middle Dutch: borch, burch
Dutch: burg, burcht
Afrikaans: burg
Limburgish: bórg, börch

From Proto-West Germanic *burg, from Proto-Germanic *burgz.


hardon

hardon (infinitive)
hardo (first-person present singular)
hardon (first-person present singular)
hardoda (first-person past singular)
hardos (present second-person singular)
hardost (present second-person singular)
hardodos (past second-person singular)
hardot (present singular third-person)
hardoda (past singular third-person)
hardon (first-person plural present)
hardodun (first-person past plural)
hardot (plural present second-person)
hardodut (past plural second-person)
hardont (plural present third-person)
hardodun (past plural third-person)
hardodi (first-person past singular)
hardodis (past second-person singular)
hardo (present singular third-person)
hardodi (past singular third-person)
hardodin (first-person past plural)
hardodit (past plural second-person)
hardon (plural present third-person)
hardodin (past plural third-person)
hardo (present singular)
hardot (plural present)
hardondi (present)
hardot (past)
gihardot (past)

Middle Dutch: harden, herden

Dutch: harden

From Proto-West Germanic *hardēn. Equivalent to hart (“hard”) + -on.


medu

Middle Dutch: mēde, meede, mee
Dutch: mede, mee


wulf

Middle Dutch: wolf
Dutch: wolf
Afrikaans: wolf
Jersey Dutch: wâlf
Negerhollands: wuluwuluk
→ Virgin Islands Creole: wuluwuluk (dated)
Limburgish: wólf

From Proto-West Germanic *wulf, from Proto-Germanic *wulfaz.


brecan

brecan (infinitive)
breco (first-person present singular)
brecon (first-person present singular)
brac (first-person past singular)
brikis (present second-person singular)
brikist (present second-person singular)
brāki (past second-person singular)
brākis (past second-person singular)
brikit (present singular third-person)
brac (past singular third-person)
brecon (first-person plural present)
brācun (first-person past plural)
breket (plural present second-person)
brācut (past plural second-person)
brecont (plural present third-person)
brācun (past plural third-person)
breke (first-person present singular)
brāki (first-person past singular)
brekes (present second-person singular)
brekest (present second-person singular)
breke (present singular third-person)
brāki (past singular third-person)
breken (first-person plural present)
brākin (first-person past plural)
brākit (past plural second-person)
breken (plural present third-person)
brākin (past plural third-person)
brec (present singular)
bric (present singular)
breket (plural present)
brecandi (present)
brocan (past)
gibrocan (past)

Middle Dutch: brēken
Dutch: breken
Limburgish: braeke

From Proto-West Germanic *brekan, from Proto-Germanic *brekaną, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰreg-.


bidan

bīdan (canonical)
bīdan (infinitive)
bīdo (first-person present singular)
bīdon (first-person present singular)
bēt (first-person past singular)
bīdis (present second-person singular)
bīdist (present second-person singular)
bidi (past second-person singular)
bidis (past second-person singular)
bīdit (present singular third-person)
bēt (past singular third-person)
bīdon (first-person plural present)
bidun (first-person past plural)
bīdet (plural present second-person)
bidut (past plural second-person)
bīdont (plural present third-person)
bidun (past plural third-person)
bīde (first-person present singular)
bidi (first-person past singular)
bīdes (present second-person singular)
bīdest (present second-person singular)
bīde (present singular third-person)
bidi (past singular third-person)
bīden (first-person plural present)
bidin (first-person past plural)
bidit (past plural second-person)
bīden (plural present third-person)
bidin (past plural third-person)
bīt (present singular)
bīdet (plural present)
bīdandi (present)
bidan (past)
gibidan (past)

Middle Dutch: biden
Dutch: beiden (obsolete)


hof

Middle Dutch: hof
Dutch: hof
Afrikaans: hof
Negerhollands: hofje, hofi, hoffie (from the diminutive)
→ Papiamentu: hòfi, hoffie (from the diminutive)
Limburgish: haof, hoof
→ Scots: howf, hauf, houf, houff, houffe, hooff, howff
→ English: howf

From Proto-West Germanic *hof, from Proto-Germanic *hufą. Only attested in toponymic compounds.


witan

witan (infinitive)
wēt (first-person present singular)
wista (first-person past singular)
wēst (present second-person singular)
wistos (past second-person singular)
wēt (present singular third-person)
wista (past singular third-person)
witun (first-person plural present)
wistun (first-person past plural)
witut (plural present second-person)
wistut (past plural second-person)
witun (plural present third-person)
wistun (past plural third-person)
witi (first-person present singular)
wisti (first-person past singular)
witis (present second-person singular)
witist (present second-person singular)
wistis (past second-person singular)
witi (present singular third-person)
wisti (past singular third-person)
witin (first-person plural present)
wistin (first-person past plural)
witit (plural present second-person)
wistit (past plural second-person)
witin (plural present third-person)
wistin (past plural third-person)
witandi (present)
giwist (past)
giwitan (past)

Middle Dutch: wēten
Dutch: weten
Afrikaans: weet
Limburgish: weite, wiete

From Proto-West Germanic *witan, from Proto-Germanic *witaną, from Proto-Indo-European *wóyde, originally a perfect form of *weyd- (“see”).


witan

wītan (canonical)
wītan (infinitive)
wīto (first-person present singular)
wīton (first-person present singular)
wēt (first-person past singular)
wītis (present second-person singular)
wītist (present second-person singular)
witi (past second-person singular)
witis (past second-person singular)
wītit (present singular third-person)
wēt (past singular third-person)
wīton (first-person plural present)
witun (first-person past plural)
wītet (plural present second-person)
witut (past plural second-person)
wītont (plural present third-person)
witun (past plural third-person)
wīte (first-person present singular)
witi (first-person past singular)
wītes (present second-person singular)
wītest (present second-person singular)
wīte (present singular third-person)
witi (past singular third-person)
wīten (first-person plural present)
witin (first-person past plural)
witit (past plural second-person)
wīten (plural present third-person)
witin (past plural third-person)
wīt (present singular)
wītet (plural present)
wītandi (present)
witan (past)
giwitan (past)

Middle Dutch: witen
Dutch: wijten
Afrikaans: wyt
Limburgish: wiete


faran

faran (infinitive)
faro (first-person present singular)
faron (first-person present singular)
fuor (first-person past singular)
feris (present second-person singular)
ferist (present second-person singular)
fuori (past second-person singular)
fuoris (past second-person singular)
ferit (present singular third-person)
fuor (past singular third-person)
faron (first-person plural present)
fuorun (first-person past plural)
faret (plural present second-person)
fuorut (past plural second-person)
faront (plural present third-person)
fuorun (past plural third-person)
fare (first-person present singular)
fuori (first-person past singular)
fares (present second-person singular)
farest (present second-person singular)
fare (present singular third-person)
fuori (past singular third-person)
faren (first-person plural present)
fuorin (first-person past plural)
fuorit (past plural second-person)
faren (plural present third-person)
fuorin (past plural third-person)
far (present singular)
faret (plural present)
farandi (present)
faran (past)
gifaran (past)

Middle Dutch: vāren
Dutch: varen
Limburgish: vare

From Proto-West Germanic *faran, from Proto-Germanic *faraną.


seo

Middle Dutch: sêe f or m
Dutch: zee f
Afrikaans: see
Berbice Creole Dutch: sei
Javindo: see
Negerhollands: see
→ Saramaccan: zé
→ Sranan Tongo: se
Limburgish: zieë f
West Flemish: zji m or f, zêe


ger

Middle Dutch: gêer
Dutch: geer

From Proto-West Germanic *gaiʀ, from Proto-Germanic *gaizaz (“spear, pike, javelin”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰoys-ós (“pointed stick, spear”), from *ǵʰey- (“to drive, move, fling”).


cunnan

cunnan (infinitive)
can (first-person present singular)
cunda (first-person past singular)
cant (present second-person singular)
cundos (past second-person singular)
can (present singular third-person)
cunda (past singular third-person)
cunnun (first-person plural present)
cundun (first-person past plural)
cunnut (plural present second-person)
cundut (past plural second-person)
cunnun (plural present third-person)
cundun (past plural third-person)
cunni (first-person present singular)
cundi (first-person past singular)
cunnis (present second-person singular)
cunnist (present second-person singular)
cundis (past second-person singular)
cunni (present singular third-person)
cundi (past singular third-person)
cunnin (first-person plural present)
cundin (first-person past plural)
cunnit (plural present second-person)
cundit (past plural second-person)
cunnin (plural present third-person)
cundin (past plural third-person)
cunnandi (present)
gicunt (past)
gicunnan (past)

desctree

Middle Dutch: connen
Dutch: kunnen, (dialectal) kennen, konnen
Afrikaans: kan (from inflected form kan)
Berbice Creole Dutch: kan (from inflected form kan)
Javindo: ken
Negerhollands: kan, ka (from inflected form kan)
Petjo: kan, ken
Skepi Creole Dutch: can (from inflected form kan)
Limburgish: kónne
West Flemish: keunn

From Proto-West Germanic *kunnan, from Proto-Germanic *kunnaną.


dugan

dugan (infinitive)
dōh (first-person present singular)
dohta (first-person past singular)
dōht (present second-person singular)
dohtos (past second-person singular)
dōh (present singular third-person)
dohta (past singular third-person)
dugun (first-person plural present)
dohtun (first-person past plural)
dugut (plural present second-person)
dohtut (past plural second-person)
dugun (plural present third-person)
dohtun (past plural third-person)
dugi (first-person present singular)
duhti (first-person past singular)
dugis (present second-person singular)
dugist (present second-person singular)
duhtis (past second-person singular)
dugi (present singular third-person)
duhti (past singular third-person)
dugin (first-person plural present)
duhtin (first-person past plural)
dugit (plural present second-person)
duhtit (past plural second-person)
dugin (plural present third-person)
duhtin (past plural third-person)
dugandi (present)
gidoht (past)

Middle Dutch: dōgen
Dutch: deugen
Afrikaans: deug


endi

ende (nominative singular)
-i (nominative singular)
ende (nominative plural)
-i (nominative plural)
ende (accusative singular)
-i (accusative singular)
ende (accusative plural)
-i (accusative plural)
endes (genitive singular)
-is (genitive singular)
endo (genitive plural)
ende (dative singular)
-i (dative singular)
endon (dative plural)

Middle Dutch: ende

Dutch: einde

Limburgish: ènj

From Proto-West Germanic *andī, from Proto-Germanic *andijaz.


drincan

drincan (infinitive)
drinco (first-person present singular)
drincon (first-person present singular)
dranc (first-person past singular)
drinkis (present second-person singular)
drinkist (present second-person singular)
drunki (past second-person singular)
drunkis (past second-person singular)
drinkit (present singular third-person)
dranc (past singular third-person)
drincon (first-person plural present)
druncun (first-person past plural)
drinket (plural present second-person)
druncut (past plural second-person)
drincont (plural present third-person)
druncun (past plural third-person)
drinke (first-person present singular)
drunki (first-person past singular)
drinkes (present second-person singular)
drinkest (present second-person singular)
drinke (present singular third-person)
drunki (past singular third-person)
drinken (first-person plural present)
drunkin (first-person past plural)
drunkit (past plural second-person)
drinken (plural present third-person)
drunkin (past plural third-person)
drinc (present singular)
drinket (plural present)
drincandi (present)
druncan (past)
gidruncan (past)

Middle Dutch: drinken
Dutch: drinken
Afrikaans: drink
Berbice Creole Dutch: dronggi
Negerhollands: drink, dring, drin
→ Aukan: dingii
Limburgish: drinke


mago

mago (nominative singular)
magon (nominative plural)
-un (nominative plural)
mago (accusative singular)
magon (accusative plural)
-un (accusative plural)
magin (genitive singular)
magono (genitive plural)
magon (dative singular)
-in (dative singular)
magon (dative plural)

Middle Dutch: māge
Dutch: maag
Afrikaans: maag
Negerhollands: maag
→ Indonesian: mag
Limburgish: maag


cuman

cuman (infinitive)
cumo (first-person present singular)
cumon (first-person present singular)
quam (first-person past singular)
cumis (present second-person singular)
cumist (present second-person singular)
quāmi (past second-person singular)
quāmis (past second-person singular)
cumit (present singular third-person)
quam (past singular third-person)
cumon (first-person plural present)
quāmun (first-person past plural)
cumet (plural present second-person)
quāmut (past plural second-person)
cumont (plural present third-person)
quāmun (past plural third-person)
cume (first-person present singular)
quāmi (first-person past singular)
cumes (present second-person singular)
cumest (present second-person singular)
cume (present singular third-person)
quāmi (past singular third-person)
cumen (first-person plural present)
quāmin (first-person past plural)
quāmit (past plural second-person)
cumen (plural present third-person)
quāmin (past plural third-person)
cum (present singular)
cumet (plural present)
cumandi (present)
cuman (past)
gicuman (past)

Middle Dutch: cōmen
Dutch: komen, kommen
Afrikaans: kom
Berbice Creole Dutch: kumu
Javindo: kom
Jersey Dutch: kôme
Negerhollands: kom
Skepi Creole Dutch: kum, com, come
Limburgish: kómme

From Proto-West Germanic *kweman, from Proto-Germanic *kwemaną.

c. 900 CE, Die altmittel- und altniederfränkischen Psalmen und Glossen [The Old Middle and Old Low Franconian psalms and glosses]

Hear my prayer, every mortal shall come to you.

Gehōri gebet mīn, te thī alla fleisc cuman sal.

c. 1100 CE, Rhinelandic Rhyming Bible

Thereafter they both came to Rome, where they were tortured by Nero.

Sint quāmen se beithe zo Rōme, thār se gemartholot wurthen van Nerōne.


etan

etan (infinitive)
eto (first-person present singular)
eton (first-person present singular)
at (first-person past singular)
itis (present second-person singular)
itist (present second-person singular)
āti (past second-person singular)
ātis (past second-person singular)
itit (present singular third-person)
at (past singular third-person)
eton (first-person plural present)
ātun (first-person past plural)
etet (plural present second-person)
ātut (past plural second-person)
etont (plural present third-person)
ātun (past plural third-person)
ete (first-person present singular)
āti (first-person past singular)
etes (present second-person singular)
etest (present second-person singular)
ete (present singular third-person)
āti (past singular third-person)
eten (first-person plural present)
ātin (first-person past plural)
ātit (past plural second-person)
eten (plural present third-person)
ātin (past plural third-person)
et (present singular)
it (present singular)
etet (plural present)
etandi (present)
etan (past)
gietan (past)

Middle Dutch: ēten
Dutch: eten
Afrikaans: eet
Limburgish: aete

From Proto-West Germanic *etan, from Proto-Germanic *etaną, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ed-.


lenen

lēnen (canonical)
lēnen (infinitive)
lēno (first-person present singular)
lēnon (first-person present singular)
lēnida (first-person past singular)
lēnis (present second-person singular)
lēnist (present second-person singular)
lēnidos (past second-person singular)
lēnit (present singular third-person)
lēnida (past singular third-person)
lēnen (first-person plural present)
lēnidun (first-person past plural)
lēnit (plural present second-person)
lēnidut (past plural second-person)
lēnent (plural present third-person)
lēnidun (past plural third-person)
lēne (first-person present singular)
lēnidi (first-person past singular)
lēnes (present second-person singular)
lēnest (present second-person singular)
lēnidis (past second-person singular)
lēne (present singular third-person)
lēnidi (past singular third-person)
lēnidin (first-person past plural)
lēnet (plural present second-person)
lēnidit (past plural second-person)
lēnen (plural present third-person)
lēnidin (past plural third-person)
lēni (present singular)
lēnit (plural present)
lēnendi (present)
lēnit (past)
gilēnit (past)

Middle Dutch: lênen, leinen

Dutch: leunen


willen

willen (infinitive)
wil (first-person present singular)
willo (first-person present singular)
willon (first-person present singular)
wolda (first-person past singular)
wilt (present second-person singular)
willis (present second-person singular)
willist (present second-person singular)
woldos (past second-person singular)
wil (present singular third-person)
wilt (present singular third-person)
wolda (past singular third-person)
willon (first-person plural present)
woldun (first-person past plural)
willet (plural present second-person)
woldut (past plural second-person)
willent (plural present third-person)
woldun (past plural third-person)
wille (first-person present singular)
wuldi (first-person past singular)
willes (present second-person singular)
willest (present second-person singular)
wuldis (past second-person singular)
wille (present singular third-person)
wuldi (past singular third-person)
willen (first-person plural present)
wuldin (first-person past plural)
wuldit (past plural second-person)
willen (plural present third-person)
wuldin (past plural third-person)
willendi (present)
giwilt (past)
giwolt (past)

Middle Dutch: willen
Dutch: willen
Afrikaans: wil
Negerhollands: wil, wel
Skepi Creole Dutch: wel, well, will
Limburgish: wille

From Proto-West Germanic *willjan, from Proto-Germanic *wiljaną.


kennen

kennen (infinitive)
kenno (first-person present singular)
kennon (first-person present singular)
canda (first-person past singular)
kennis (present second-person singular)
kennist (present second-person singular)
candos (past second-person singular)
kennit (present singular third-person)
canda (past singular third-person)
kennen (first-person plural present)
candun (first-person past plural)
kennit (plural present second-person)
candut (past plural second-person)
kennent (plural present third-person)
candun (past plural third-person)
kenne (first-person present singular)
kendi (first-person past singular)
kennes (present second-person singular)
kennest (present second-person singular)
kendis (past second-person singular)
kenne (present singular third-person)
kendi (past singular third-person)
kendin (first-person past plural)
kennet (plural present second-person)
kendit (past plural second-person)
kennen (plural present third-person)
kendin (past plural third-person)
kenni (present singular)
kennit (plural present)
kennendi (present)
cant (past)
gicant (past)

Middle Dutch: kennen
Dutch: kennen
Afrikaans: ken
Negerhollands: ken
Limburgish: kènne, kinne

From Proto-West Germanic *kannijan, from Proto-Germanic *kannijaną.


liggen

liggen (infinitive)
liggo (first-person present singular)
liggon (first-person present singular)
lah (first-person past singular)
ligis (present second-person singular)
ligist (present second-person singular)
lāgi (past second-person singular)
lāgis (past second-person singular)
ligit (present singular third-person)
lah (past singular third-person)
liggen (first-person plural present)
lāgun (first-person past plural)
liget (plural present second-person)
lāgut (past plural second-person)
liggent (plural present third-person)
lāgun (past plural third-person)
ligge (first-person present singular)
lāgi (first-person past singular)
ligges (present second-person singular)
liggest (present second-person singular)
ligge (present singular third-person)
lāgi (past singular third-person)
lāgin (first-person past plural)
ligget (plural present second-person)
lāgit (past plural second-person)
liggen (plural present third-person)
lāgin (past plural third-person)
ligi (present singular)
liget (plural present)
liggendi (present)
legan (past)
gilegan (past)

Middle Dutch: liggen
Dutch: liggen
Afrikaans: lê (merger with leggen)
Jersey Dutch: lixxe
Negerhollands: lee, lei, lej
→ Papiamentu: lèg
Limburgish: ligke

From Proto-West Germanic *liggjan, from Proto-Germanic *ligjaną.


smal

Middle Dutch: smal


tellen

tellen (infinitive)
tello (first-person present singular)
tellon (first-person present singular)
talda (first-person past singular)
tellis (present second-person singular)
tellist (present second-person singular)
taldos (past second-person singular)
tellit (present singular third-person)
talda (past singular third-person)
tellen (first-person plural present)
taldun (first-person past plural)
tellit (plural present second-person)
taldut (past plural second-person)
tellent (plural present third-person)
taldun (past plural third-person)
telle (first-person present singular)
teldi (first-person past singular)
telles (present second-person singular)
tellest (present second-person singular)
teldis (past second-person singular)
telle (present singular third-person)
teldi (past singular third-person)
teldin (first-person past plural)
tellet (plural present second-person)
teldit (past plural second-person)
tellen (plural present third-person)
teldin (past plural third-person)
telli (present singular)
tellit (plural present)
tellendi (present)
talt (past)
gitalt (past)

Middle Dutch: tellen
Dutch: tellen
Limburgish: tèlle


naken

nāken (canonical)
nāken (infinitive)
nāco (first-person present singular)
nācon (first-person present singular)
nākida (first-person past singular)
nākis (present second-person singular)
nākist (present second-person singular)
nākidos (past second-person singular)
nākit (present singular third-person)
nākida (past singular third-person)
nāken (first-person plural present)
nākidun (first-person past plural)
nākit (plural present second-person)
nākidut (past plural second-person)
nākent (plural present third-person)
nākidun (past plural third-person)
nāke (first-person present singular)
nākidi (first-person past singular)
nākes (present second-person singular)
nākest (present second-person singular)
nākidis (past second-person singular)
nāke (present singular third-person)
nākidi (past singular third-person)
nākidin (first-person past plural)
nāket (plural present second-person)
nākidit (past plural second-person)
nāken (plural present third-person)
nākidin (past plural third-person)
nāki (present singular)
nākit (plural present)
nākendi (present)
nākit (past)
ginākit (past)

Middle Dutch: nâken
Dutch: naken


walt

walt (nominative singular)
walt (nominative plural)
walt (accusative singular)
walt (accusative plural)
waldes (genitive singular)
-is (genitive singular)
waldo (genitive plural)
walde (dative singular)
-i (dative singular)
waldon (dative plural)

Middle Dutch: wout
Dutch: woud
Limburgish: waadj


wegen

wēgen (canonical)
wēgen (infinitive)
wēgo (first-person present singular)
wēgon (first-person present singular)
wēgida (first-person past singular)
wēgis (present second-person singular)
wēgist (present second-person singular)
wēgidos (past second-person singular)
wēgit (present singular third-person)
wēgida (past singular third-person)
wēgen (first-person plural present)
wēgidun (first-person past plural)
wēgit (plural present second-person)
wēgidut (past plural second-person)
wēgent (plural present third-person)
wēgidun (past plural third-person)
wēge (first-person present singular)
wēgidi (first-person past singular)
wēges (present second-person singular)
wēgest (present second-person singular)
wēgidis (past second-person singular)
wēge (present singular third-person)
wēgidi (past singular third-person)
wēgidin (first-person past plural)
wēget (plural present second-person)
wēgidit (past plural second-person)
wēgen (plural present third-person)
wēgidin (past plural third-person)
wēgi (present singular)
wēgit (plural present)
wēgendi (present)
wēgit (past)
giwēgit (past)


reiken

reiken (infinitive)
reico (first-person present singular)
reicon (first-person present singular)
reikida (first-person past singular)
reikis (present second-person singular)
reikist (present second-person singular)
reikidos (past second-person singular)
reikit (present singular third-person)
reikida (past singular third-person)
reiken (first-person plural present)
reikidun (first-person past plural)
reikit (plural present second-person)
reikidut (past plural second-person)
reikent (plural present third-person)
reikidun (past plural third-person)
reike (first-person present singular)
reikidi (first-person past singular)
reikes (present second-person singular)
reikest (present second-person singular)
reikidis (past second-person singular)
reike (present singular third-person)
reikidi (past singular third-person)
reikidin (first-person past plural)
reiket (plural present second-person)
reikidit (past plural second-person)
reiken (plural present third-person)
reikidin (past plural third-person)
reiki (present singular)
reikit (plural present)
reikendi (present)
reikit (past)
gireikit (past)

Middle Dutch: reiken
Dutch: reiken
Afrikaans: reik

From Proto-West Germanic *raikijan, from Proto-Germanic *raikijaną.


heil

From Proto-West Germanic *hail, from Proto-Germanic *hailaz.


hara

Possibly related to Proto-Germanic *harugaz (“pile of stones”).

cog

Asperen
Dulder
Eenrum
Enter, Netherlands
Gaanderen
Heeswijk-Dinther
Lonneker
Losser
Macharen
Mander, Overijssel
Oorderen
Steenderen
Varsenare
Walcheren
Wassenaar
Wetteren
Zevenaar


thu

thū (canonical)
ik (nominative personal pronoun singular)
ic (nominative personal pronoun singular)
ih (nominative personal pronoun singular)
wī (nominative personal plural pronoun)
wīr (nominative personal plural pronoun)
mī (accusative personal pronoun singular)
mik (accusative personal pronoun singular)
mic (accusative personal pronoun singular)
uns (accusative personal plural pronoun)
unsig (accusative personal plural pronoun)
mīn (genitive personal pronoun singular)
unsa (genitive personal plural pronoun)
unser (genitive personal plural pronoun)
mī (dative personal pronoun singular)
uns (dative personal plural pronoun)
unsig (dative personal plural pronoun)
thu (nominative personal pronoun singular)
tu (nominative personal pronoun singular)
gī (nominative personal plural pronoun)
ir (nominative personal plural pronoun)
thī (accusative personal pronoun singular)
thik (accusative personal pronoun singular)
thic (accusative personal pronoun singular)
iu (accusative personal plural pronoun)
thīn (genitive personal pronoun singular)
iuwa (genitive personal plural pronoun)
iuwer (genitive personal plural pronoun)
thī (dative personal pronoun singular)
iu (dative personal plural pronoun)
hē (masculine nominative personal pronoun)
hie (masculine nominative personal pronoun)
sia (feminine nominative personal pronoun)
it (neuter nominative personal pronoun)
imo (accusative masculine personal pronoun)
sia (accusative feminine personal pronoun)
it (accusative neuter personal pronoun)
sīn (genitive masculine personal pronoun)
is (genitive masculine personal pronoun)
iro (feminine genitive personal pronoun)
is (genitive neuter personal pronoun)
imo (dative masculine personal pronoun)
iro (dative feminine personal pronoun)
imo (dative neuter personal pronoun)
sia (nominative personal plural pronoun)
sie (masc. plur.) (nominative personal plural pronoun)
sia (accusative personal plural pronoun)
sie (masc. plur.) (accusative personal plural pronoun)
iro (genitive personal plural pronoun)
im (dative personal plural pronoun)

desctree

Middle Dutch: du
Dutch: (obsolete) du, dou, douw
Limburgish: doe

From Proto-West Germanic *þū, from Proto-Germanic *þū.


capon

capon (infinitive)
capo (first-person present singular)
capon (first-person present singular)
capoda (first-person past singular)
capos (present second-person singular)
capost (present second-person singular)
capodos (past second-person singular)
capot (present singular third-person)
capoda (past singular third-person)
capon (first-person plural present)
capodun (first-person past plural)
capot (plural present second-person)
capodut (past plural second-person)
capont (plural present third-person)
capodun (past plural third-person)
capodi (first-person past singular)
capodis (past second-person singular)
capo (present singular third-person)
capodi (past singular third-person)
capodin (first-person past plural)
capodit (past plural second-person)
capon (plural present third-person)
capodin (past plural third-person)
capo (present singular)
capot (plural present)
capondi (present)
capot (past)
gicapot (past)

Middle Dutch: cāpen

desc

⇒? Middle Dutch: cape (“lookout tower, beacon, lighthouse”)

Dutch: kaap

→ West Frisian: kaap


smelten

smelten (infinitive)
smelto (first-person present singular)
smelton (first-person present singular)
smeltida (first-person past singular)
smeltis (present second-person singular)
smeltist (present second-person singular)
smeltidos (past second-person singular)
smeltit (present singular third-person)
smeltida (past singular third-person)
smelten (first-person plural present)
smeltidun (first-person past plural)
smeltit (plural present second-person)
smeltidut (past plural second-person)
smeltent (plural present third-person)
smeltidun (past plural third-person)
smelte (first-person present singular)
smeltidi (first-person past singular)
smeltes (present second-person singular)
smeltest (present second-person singular)
smeltidis (past second-person singular)
smelte (present singular third-person)
smeltidi (past singular third-person)
smeltidin (first-person past plural)
smeltet (plural present second-person)
smeltidit (past plural second-person)
smelten (plural present third-person)
smeltidin (past plural third-person)
smelti (present singular)
smeltit (plural present)
smeltendi (present)
smeltit (past)
gismeltit (past)

desctree

Middle Dutch: smelten
Dutch: smelten
Afrikaans: smelt
Berbice Creole Dutch: smelti
Negerhollands: smelt
→ English: smelt
Limburgish: smöltje

From Proto-Germanic *smaltijaną, causative of *smeltaną, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)meld-.


dopen

dōpen (canonical)
dōpen (infinitive)
dōpo (first-person present singular)
dōpon (first-person present singular)
dōpida (first-person past singular)
dōpis (present second-person singular)
dōpist (present second-person singular)
dōpidos (past second-person singular)
dōpit (present singular third-person)
dōpida (past singular third-person)
dōpen (first-person plural present)
dōpidun (first-person past plural)
dōpit (plural present second-person)
dōpidut (past plural second-person)
dōpent (plural present third-person)
dōpidun (past plural third-person)
dōpe (first-person present singular)
dōpidi (first-person past singular)
dōpes (present second-person singular)
dōpest (present second-person singular)
dōpidis (past second-person singular)
dōpe (present singular third-person)
dōpidi (past singular third-person)
dōpidin (first-person past plural)
dōpet (plural present second-person)
dōpidit (past plural second-person)
dōpen (plural present third-person)
dōpidin (past plural third-person)
dōpi (present singular)
dōpit (plural present)
dōpendi (present)
dōpit (past)
gidōpit (past)

Middle Dutch: dôpen

Dutch: dopen

Afrikaans: doop

Limburgish: duipe, deupe