"-ւ" meaning in Old Armenian

{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xcl",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*-bʰi"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-bʰi",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmy",
        "2": "-𐀠"
      },
      "expansion": "Mycenaean Greek -𐀠 (-pi)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "-φι"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek -φι (-phi)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "-भ्याम्",
        "3": "",
        "4": "dual ablative-instrumental marker",
        "tr": "-bhy-ām"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit -भ्याम् (-bhy-ām, “dual ablative-instrumental marker”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cel-gau",
        "2": "gobedbi",
        "3": "gobed-bi",
        "4": "to the smiths"
      },
      "expansion": "Gaulish gobed-bi (“to the smiths”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "feraib",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to the men"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Irish feraib (“to the men”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *-bʰi. The vowel is preserved in ի-ւի-ք (i-wi-kʻ). Cognate with Mycenaean Greek -𐀠 (-pi), Homeric Ancient Greek -φι (-phi), Sanskrit -भ्याम् (-bhy-ām, “dual ablative-instrumental marker”), भ्यस् (-bhy-as, “plural dative-ablative marker”), भिस् (-bhi-s, “plural instrumental marker”), the plural dative endings in Gaulish gobed-bi (“to the smiths”) and Old Irish feraib (“to the men”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "-w",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xcl",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
      },
      "expansion": "-ւ • (-w)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Armenian",
  "lang_code": "xcl",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "91 9",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Armenian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "roman": "-ov",
          "word": "-ով"
        },
        {
          "roman": "-ovkʻ",
          "word": "-ովք"
        },
        {
          "roman": "-aw",
          "word": "-աւ"
        },
        {
          "roman": "-ōkʻ",
          "word": "-օք"
        },
        {
          "roman": "-iw",
          "word": "-իւ"
        },
        {
          "roman": "-iwkʻ",
          "word": "-իւք"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "instrumental case marker"
      ],
      "id": "en--ւ-xcl-suffix-xcl:instrumental",
      "related": [
        {
          "roman": "-ew",
          "word": "-եւ"
        }
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "xcl:instrumental"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "roman": "-b",
          "word": "-բ"
        },
        {
          "roman": "-v",
          "word": "-վ"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ւ"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xcl",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*-to"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-to",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *-to, the third-person singular past indicative middle ending, e.g. in *bʰére-to.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "-w",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xcl",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
      },
      "expansion": "-ւ • (-w)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Armenian",
  "lang_code": "xcl",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "he sat",
          "roman": "nsta-w",
          "text": "նստա-ւ",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "he looked",
          "roman": "hayecʻa-w",
          "text": "հայեցա-ւ",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "third-person singular aorist mediopassive indicative ending of verbs"
      ],
      "id": "en--ւ-xcl-suffix-xcl:aorist",
      "related": [
        {
          "roman": "-an",
          "word": "-ան"
        }
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "xcl:aorist"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ւ"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Old Armenian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Old Armenian inflectional suffixes",
    "Old Armenian lemmas",
    "Old Armenian suffixes",
    "Old Armenian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Old Armenian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "-ov",
      "word": "-ով"
    },
    {
      "roman": "-ovkʻ",
      "word": "-ովք"
    },
    {
      "roman": "-aw",
      "word": "-աւ"
    },
    {
      "roman": "-ōkʻ",
      "word": "-օք"
    },
    {
      "roman": "-iw",
      "word": "-իւ"
    },
    {
      "roman": "-iwkʻ",
      "word": "-իւք"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xcl",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*-bʰi"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-bʰi",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmy",
        "2": "-𐀠"
      },
      "expansion": "Mycenaean Greek -𐀠 (-pi)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "-φι"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek -φι (-phi)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "-भ्याम्",
        "3": "",
        "4": "dual ablative-instrumental marker",
        "tr": "-bhy-ām"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit -भ्याम् (-bhy-ām, “dual ablative-instrumental marker”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cel-gau",
        "2": "gobedbi",
        "3": "gobed-bi",
        "4": "to the smiths"
      },
      "expansion": "Gaulish gobed-bi (“to the smiths”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "feraib",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to the men"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Irish feraib (“to the men”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *-bʰi. The vowel is preserved in ի-ւի-ք (i-wi-kʻ). Cognate with Mycenaean Greek -𐀠 (-pi), Homeric Ancient Greek -φι (-phi), Sanskrit -भ्याम् (-bhy-ām, “dual ablative-instrumental marker”), भ्यस् (-bhy-as, “plural dative-ablative marker”), भिस् (-bhi-s, “plural instrumental marker”), the plural dative endings in Gaulish gobed-bi (“to the smiths”) and Old Irish feraib (“to the men”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "-w",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xcl",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
      },
      "expansion": "-ւ • (-w)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Armenian",
  "lang_code": "xcl",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "related": [
    {
      "roman": "-ew",
      "word": "-եւ"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "instrumental case marker"
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "xcl:instrumental"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "-b",
      "word": "-բ"
    },
    {
      "roman": "-v",
      "word": "-վ"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ւ"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Old Armenian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Old Armenian inflectional suffixes",
    "Old Armenian lemmas",
    "Old Armenian suffixes",
    "Old Armenian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Old Armenian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xcl",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*-to"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-to",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *-to, the third-person singular past indicative middle ending, e.g. in *bʰére-to.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "-w",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xcl",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "inflectional suffixes"
      },
      "expansion": "-ւ • (-w)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Armenian",
  "lang_code": "xcl",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "related": [
    {
      "roman": "-an",
      "word": "-ան"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Old Armenian terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "he sat",
          "roman": "nsta-w",
          "text": "նստա-ւ",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "he looked",
          "roman": "hayecʻa-w",
          "text": "հայեցա-ւ",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "third-person singular aorist mediopassive indicative ending of verbs"
      ],
      "senseid": [
        "xcl:aorist"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ւ"
}