litauisk

litauisk m (definite singular litauisken)


jordbær

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jordbær n (definite singular jordbæret, indefinite plural jordbær, definite plural jordbæra)

jordbæret (definite singular)
jordbær (indefinite plural)
jordbæra (definite plural)

From Old Norse jǫrðber, from Proto-Germanic *erþōbazją; equivalent to jord + bær; cognate with Icelandic jarðarber, Old Swedish iordhbær, Old English eorþberġe, Dutch aardbei, and German Erdbeere.


dronte

dronten (definite singular)
drontar (indefinite plural)
drontane (definite plural)

Raphus cucullatus
Raphus cucullatus#Translingual


brenne

brenn (present)
brann (past)
brunne (participle past)
brennast (infinitive passive)
brennande (participle present)
brenn (imperative)


katalog

katalogen (definite singular)
katalogar (indefinite plural)
katalogane (definite plural)

From Ancient Greek κατάλογος (katálogos).


arrivera

arriverer (present)
arriverte (past)
arrivert (participle past)
arriverast (infinitive passive)
arriverande (participle present)
arriver (imperative)


tomat

tomaten (definite singular)
tomatar (indefinite plural)
tomatane (definite plural)

From Classical Nahuatl tomatl, via Spanish tomate, French tomate and German Tomate.


ideell

ideell (neuter singular ideelt, definite singular and plural ideelle)

ideelt (neuter singular)
ideelle (definite plural singular)


monarki

monarkiet (definite singular)
monarki (indefinite plural)
monarkia (definite plural)

Ultimately from Ancient Greek μοναρχία (monarkhía), from μόνος (mónos, “only”) + ἀρχή (arkhḗ, “power, authority”). Equivalent to mono- + -arki.


kelt

kelten (definite singular)
keltar (indefinite plural)
keltane (definite plural)


aktivum

aktivumet (definite singular)
aktivum (indefinite plural)
aktivuma (definite plural)


klorid

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klorid n (definite singular kloridet, indefinite plural klorid, definite plural klorida)

kloridet (definite singular)
klorid (indefinite plural)
klorida (definite plural)


frotte

frotteen (definite singular)
frottear (indefinite plural)
frotteane (definite plural)


alternera

alternerer (present)
alternerte (past)
alternert (participle past)
alternerast (infinitive passive)
alternerande (participle present)
alterner (imperative)


visai

(non-standard since 2012) definite plural of visum


stoppe

stoppe (present tense stoppar, simple past and past participle stoppa, passive infinitive stoppast, present participle stoppande, imperative stopp)

stoppar (present)
stoppa (participle past)
stoppa (past)
stoppast (infinitive passive)
stoppande (participle present)
stopp (imperative)


søk

søket (definite singular)
søk (indefinite plural)
søka (definite plural)


semje

semja (definite singular)
semjer (indefinite plural)
semjene (definite plural)

From Old Norse semja, from Proto-Germanic *samjaną.


semje

sem (present)
samde (past)
samt (participle past)
semjast (infinitive passive)
semjande (participle present)
sem (imperative)


allergi

allergien (definite singular)
allergiar (indefinite plural)
allergiane (definite plural)


retirera

retirerer (present)
retirerte (past)
retirert (participle past)
retirerast (infinitive passive)
retirerande (participle present)
retirer (imperative)


ordning

ordninga (definite singular)
ordningar (indefinite plural)
ordningane (definite plural)


labyrint

labyrinten (definite singular)
labyrintar (indefinite plural)
labyrintane (definite plural)

From Ancient Greek λαβύρινθος (labúrinthos).


ansats

ansatsen (definite singular)
ansatsar (indefinite plural)
ansatsane (definite plural)

A calque of German Ansatz, borrowed from Norwegian Bokmål. Equivalent to an- + sats.


avfall

From Old Norse affall; compare with German Abfall.


råka

råkar (present)
råka (past)
råka (participle past)
råkast (infinitive passive)
råkande (participle present)
råka (imperative)
råk (imperative)


brønn

brønnen (definite singular)
brønnar (indefinite plural)
brønnane (definite plural)
Historical inflection of brønn

nn-noun-infl

Later removed by the spelling reform of 1938. Then added back in by a 1977 spelling decision. For the whole historicity, confer with earlier and concurrent form <i class="Latn mention" lang="nn">brunn</i>.


slott

slottet (definite singular)
slott (indefinite plural)
slotta (definite plural)

From Middle Low German slot, from Proto-Germanic *slutą.


diktatur

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diktatur n (definite singular diktaturet, indefinite plural diktatur, definite plural diktatura)

diktaturet (definite singular)
diktatur (indefinite plural)
diktatura (definite plural)


brunn

brunnen (definite singular)
brunnar (indefinite plural)
brunnane (definite plural)
Historical inflection of brunn

nn-noun-infl

Aasen also lists the form <i class="Latn mention" lang="nn">Brynn</i>.

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nn">brønn</i> was added as an official alternative form by the spelling reform 1917, removed by the spelling reform of 1938 and added back in in by a spelling decision of 1977.

Form was allowed within the Midlandsnormalen (1901) spelling standard, which fell into disuse. This form allowed for schoolchildren already as of 1910.

From Old Norse brunnr, bruðr, from Proto-Germanic *brunnaz.


gubbe

gubben (definite singular)
gubbar (indefinite plural)
gubbane (definite plural)

Ein kvithåra gubbe gjekk forbi.

Eg skal spørja gubben

Kva er det den gamle gubben vil no, då?

An old man, geezer, husband, man of the house (lovingly or derogatory)

Nokon kasta gubbar mot butikken min!

Someone threw dynamite sticks at my store!


fugleskremsel

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fugleskremsel n (definite singular fugleskremselet, indefinite plural fugleskremsel, definite plural fugleskremsla)

fugleskremselet (definite singular)
fugleskremsel (indefinite plural)
fugleskremsla (definite plural)


distré

distré (neuter singular distré, definite singular and plural distré or distrée or distree)

distré (neuter singular)
distré (definite plural singular)
distrée (definite plural singular)
distree (definite plural singular)

From French distrait, past participle of distraire ("distract"), from Latin distrahere, dis- "away" and trahere "to draw".

Distré som ho var, gløymde ho paraplyen sin.

Absent-minded as she was, she forgot her umbrella.


flokk

flokken (definite singular)
flokkar (indefinite plural)
flokkane (definite plural)

From Old Norse flokkr ("flock, "flying swarm", "poem without refrain"), related to Old English flocc and thus cognate with English flock as well as its Scandinavian counterparts. Akin to Middle Low German vlocke ("crowd", "flock"). Not found in other Germanic languages.

Store flokkar av rein vandrar over vidda

Great herds of reindeer wander over the mountain plateau.

Ein stor flokk menneske venta utolmodig på at konserten skulle byrja.

A large crowd waited impatiently for the concert to begin.

a flock, herd, crowd (can be used to refer to both people and animals)

A Norse ode or song that does not have a refrain


diskotek

diskoteket (definite singular)
diskotek (indefinite plural)
diskoteka (definite plural)


skada

skada (present tense skadar or skader, past tense skada or skadde, past participle skada or skadd, present participle skadande, imperative skad)

skadar (present)
skader (present)
skada (past)
skadde (past)
skada (participle past)
skadd (participle past)
skadande (participle present)
skad (imperative)

From Old Norse skaða, from Proto-Germanic *skaþōną.


femkant

femkanten (definite singular)
femkantar (indefinite plural)
femkantane (definite plural)


gravera

graverer (present)
graverte (past)
gravert (participle past)
graverast (infinitive passive)
graverande (participle present)
graver (imperative)


dominikan

dominikanen (definite singular)
dominikanar (indefinite plural)
dominikanane (definite plural)

(pre-2012) alternative form of dominikanar (person from the Dominican Republic)

(pre-2016) alternative form of dominikanar (a Dominican friar)


tempel

tempel n (definite singular tempelet, indefinite plural tempel, definite plural templa)

tempelet (definite singular)
tempel (indefinite plural)
templa (definite plural)


dieselmotor

dieselmotoren (definite singular)
dieselmotorar (indefinite plural)
dieselmotorane (definite plural)


adjø

adjø (indefinite neuter singular)
adjøet (definite neuter singular)
adjø (indefinite neuter plural)
adjøa (definite neuter plural)

Med eit siste adjø drog ho.

Dei utveksla eit hastig adjø.


adjø

From French adieu, from à Dieu, "to God", in the sense "may God be with you." Same origin as Swedish adjö and Danish adjø. Compare Spanish adiós.

Adjø, då!

Adjø så lenge.


konkurrent

konkurrenten (definite singular)
konkurrentar (indefinite plural)
konkurrentane (definite plural)

From Latin concurrens, via French concurrent.


kentaur

kentaur m (definite singular kentauren, indefinite plural kentaurar, definite plural kentaurane)

kentauren (definite singular)
kentaurar (indefinite plural)
kentaurane (definite plural)


isolera

isolerer (present)
isolerte (past)
isolert (participle past)
isolerast (infinitive passive)
isolerande (participle present)
isoler (imperative)

From Latin insula (“island”), via Italian isolare (from isola).

q

from <i class="Latn mention" lang="it">isola</i>


niks

From Low German niks (“nothing”) and German nichts.


aforisme

aforismen (definite singular)
aforismar (indefinite plural)
aforismane (definite plural)

Ultimately from Ancient Greek ἀφορισμός (aphorismós, “pithy phrase containing a general truth”), from ἀφορίζω (aphorízō, “I define or determine”)

der

Ein aforisme er ei stutt og presis setning som uttrykkjer ein tanke

An aphorism is a short and precise sentence expressing a thought.

an aphorism (short phrase conveying some principle or concept of thought)


valmue

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valmue m (definite singular valmuen, indefinite plural valmuar, definite plural valmuane)

valmuen (definite singular)
valmuar (indefinite plural)
valmuane (definite plural)


annullere

annullerer (present)
annullerte (past)
annullert (participle past)
annullerast (infinitive passive)
annullerande (participle present)
annuller (imperative)

to annul (formally revoke the validity of)


domedag

domedagen (definite singular)
domedagar (indefinite plural)
domedagane (definite plural)
domedag (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
domedagen (accusative definite nominative singular)
domedagar (accusative indefinite nominative plural)
domedagane (accusative definite nominative plural)
domedags- (genitive in-compounds indefinite singular)

domedag

From Old Norse dómadagr, from dómr + dagr.

(by extension) a tremendously destructive event


dille

From delirium, also under the influence of etymology 2.

Ha dilla / få dilla


dille

dillar (present)
dilla (past)
dilla (participle past)
dillast (infinitive passive)
dillande (participle present)
dille (imperative)
dill (imperative)

Related to dialectal dalle (“run, dangle, hang loosely”).

dille i knea

Lammet dillar med / på rova.

gå omkring og dille


departement

departementet (definite singular)
departement (indefinite plural)
departementa (definite plural)

a department, or ministry (e.g. UK) (government department)

a department (administrative area in France)


atombombe

atombomba (definite singular)
atombomber (indefinite plural)
atombombene (definite plural)


pengepung

pengepungen (definite singular)
pengepungar (indefinite plural)
pengepungane (definite plural)


seinast

indefinite singular superlative degree of sein


bambus

bambusen (definite singular)
bambusar (indefinite plural)
bambusane (definite plural)

Via older Dutch bamboes, compare with modern Dutch bamboe.


sleva

slevar (present)
sleva (past)
sleva (participle past)
slevast (infinitive passive)
slevande (participle present)
sleva (imperative)
slev (imperative)


sleva

sleva (definite singular)
slever (indefinite plural)
slevor (indefinite plural)
slevene (definite plural)
slevone (definite plural)


derivat

derivatet (definite singular)
derivat (indefinite plural)
derivata (definite plural)


fiske

fisker (present)
fiskte (past)
fiskt (participle past)
fiskast (infinitive passive)
fiskande (participle present)
fisk (imperative)


boru

bòru f (definite singular bòro, indefinite plural bòrur, definite plural bòrune)

bòru (canonical feminine)
bòro (definite singular)
bòrur (indefinite plural)
bòrune (definite plural)


tusen takk

many thanks (thank you (in a very polite way)). Literally a thousand (“tusen”) thanks (“takk”).


minnast

minnast (present tense minnest, past tense mintest, perfect har minst)

minnest (present)
mintest (past)
har minst (perfect)

From the mediopassive of the Old Norse verb minna, from Proto-Germanic *minþijaną.

han mintest godt barndommen sin


masturbera

masturberer (present)
masturberte (past)
masturbert (participle past)
masturberast (infinitive passive)
masturberande (participle present)
masturber (imperative)

From Latin masturbārī (“masturbate”), see masturbor for more.


plissé

plisséen (definite singular)
plisseen (definite singular)
plisséar (indefinite plural)
plissear (indefinite plural)
plisséane (definite plural)
plisseane (definite plural)


plisse

plisseen (definite singular)
plissear (indefinite plural)
plisseane (definite plural)


tign

tigna (definite singular)
tigner (indefinite plural)
tignene (definite plural)


slank

slank (neuter singular slankt, definite singular and plural slanke, comparative slankare, indefinite plural slankast, definite plural slankaste)

slankt (neuter singular)
slanke (definite plural singular)
slankare (comparative)
slankast (indefinite plural)
slankaste (definite plural)


dirigent

dirigenten (definite singular)
dirigentar (indefinite plural)
dirigentane (definite plural)


farvel

farvelet (definite singular)
farvel (indefinite plural)
farvela (definite plural)

vinke farvel


valdi

(non-standard since 2012) definite plural of vald


knyta

knyter (present)
knytte (past)
knytt (participle past)
knytast (infinitive passive)
knytande (participle present)
knyt (imperative)

knyta saman


tord

tord (neuter singular tort, definite singular and plural torde)

tort (neuter singular)
torde (definite plural singular)

(non-standard since 2012) past participle of tora and tore


sprek

sprekt (neuter)
spreke (definite plural singular)
sprekare (comparative)
sprekast (indefinite superlative)
sprekaste (definite superlative)

From Old Norse sprækr. Cognates include English spry.


sprek

spreket (definite singular)
sprek (indefinite plural)
spreka (definite plural)


knut

knuten (definite singular)
knutar (indefinite plural)
knutane (definite plural)


Aude

From Old Norse Auði, a short form of compound names with the element auðr (“wealth, riches”) (such as Auðbergr). Cognate with Faroese Eyði, Swedish Öde, and Old High German Audo, Ōdo, Ōto.

a male given name from Old Norse, feminine equivalent Auda


gelé

gelé m (definite singular geléen, indefinite plural geléar, definite plural geléane)

geléen (definite singular)
geléar (indefinite plural)
geléane (definite plural)


pengelens

From penge (“singular of money”) + lens (“empty, free”).


søskenbarn

søskenbarnet (definite singular)
søskenbarn (indefinite plural)
søskenborn (indefinite plural)
søskenbarna (definite plural)
søskenborna (definite plural)

søsken + barn, from Old Norse systkinabǫrn pl


bable

bablar (present)
babla (past)
babla (participle past)
bablast (infinitive passive)
bablande (participle present)
bable (imperative)
babl (imperative)

Onomatopoeic, lydord. Compare with German babbeln


babord

From Old Norse bakborð, bakborði or from Dutch bakboord. Cognate with Danish bagbord and Swedish babord. Compare also Spanish babor, Finnish paapuuri and French bâbord.

Intervjuar: Men ka du sa som (va) muliheten før å komm’ sæ unna da?
Harald Anton Adolfsen: Vi ha’ itj fått løs tampan’, vi på babord sia, fordi der va flammen og der kom røyken ut. Vi va itj kome båtlaus fra’n, for hann hadd sætt att tampan’ sine på babord sia tå oss, hann.
Intervjuar: Og viss dere hadd kjørt bære da?
Adolfsen: Kjørt bære? Da hadd vi tatt med oss hann òg da.

The interviewer: But what you said about the escape possibility?
Harald Anton Adolfsen: We, who were on the aport side, haven’t get loose the hawser ends, because there was the flame and the smoke came therefrom. We weren’t coming away from him (the boat), ’cause he got his hawser ends on the aport side from us.
The interviewer: And what if you just took off?
Adolfsen: Took off? Then we would take him (the boat) with us (pulled behind our boat).


babord

(nautical, aviation, uncountable) port (left hand side)


supe

supe (present tense syp, past tense saup, supine sope, past participle sopen, present participle supande, imperative sup)

syp (present)
saup (past)
sope (supine)
sopen (participle past)
supande (participle present)
sup (imperative)

From Old Norse súpa, from Proto-Germanic *sūpaną.


supe

supar (present)
supa (past)
supa (participle past)
supast (infinitive passive)
supande (participle present)
supe (imperative)
sup (imperative)


supe

supeen (definite singular)
supear (indefinite plural)
supeane (definite plural)


kondolere

kondolerer (present)
kondolerte (past)
kondolert (participle past)
kondolerast (infinitive passive)
kondolerande (participle present)
kondoler (imperative)


håpe

håpar (present)
håper (present)
håpa (past)
håpte (past)
håpa (participle past)
håpt (participle past)
håpast (infinitive passive)
håpande (participle present)
håpe (imperative)
håp (imperative)


fokka

fokkar (present)
fokka (past)
fokka (participle past)
fokkast (infinitive passive)
fokkande (participle present)
fokka (imperative)
fokk (imperative)

Pronunciation spelling
pronunciation spelling


fokka

fokka (definite singular)
fokker (indefinite plural)
fokkor (indefinite plural)
fokkene (definite plural)
fokkone (definite plural)


glida

glida (present tense glid, past participle gleid, past participle glidd or glitt or glide, present participle glidande, imperative glid)

glid (present)
gleid (participle past)
glidd (participle past)
glitt (participle past)
glide (participle past)
glidande (participle present)
glid (imperative)

Han gleid på isen.

to slip (to lose one's traction on a slippery surface)

Skia glid godt.


traden

traden (neuter tradi, definite singular and plural tradne)

tradi (neuter)
tradne (definite plural singular)

(non-standard since 1959) past participle of treda


laotisk

laotisk (neuter singular laotisk, definite singular and plural laotiske)

laotisk (neuter singular)
laotiske (definite plural singular)


garasje

garasje m (definite singular garasjen, indefinite plural garasjar, definite plural garasjane)

garasjen (definite singular)
garasjar (indefinite plural)
garasjane (definite plural)


uansett

From Norwegian Bokmål, from the Bokmål verb anse.


kjøkken

kjøkkenet (definite singular)
kjøkken (indefinite plural)
kjøkkena (definite plural)

From Middle Low German kokene, from Latin coquina.


teppe

teppet (definite singular)
teppe (indefinite plural)
teppa (definite plural)

From Old Norse tapit, from Middle Low German tappet, teppet, from Latin tapete, tapetum.


krøll

krøllen (definite singular)
krøllar (indefinite plural)
krøllane (definite plural)

Derived from the verb krølla/krølle ('to curl').

Håret hennar har naturlege krøllar.

a curl (something that is curled, the act of being curled)

fuss, trouble (the word is not inflected when used in this sense)


igjen

Inherited from Old Norse í gegn ("against"), from í ("in, on") and gegn ("straight, direct"). Cognate with Danish igen, English again and Swedish igen, although is used slightly different in English and Swedish (see e.g. Swedish kvar)

Er det noko igjen i flaska?


stue

stua (definite singular)
stuer (indefinite plural)
stuene (definite plural)

From Old Norse stofa, stufa, borrowed from Middle Low German stōve, stūve, Old Saxon *stova, *stuva, from Proto-West Germanic *stobu.


stue

stuar (present)
stua (past)
stua (participle past)
stuast (infinitive passive)
stuande (participle present)
stue (imperative)
stu (imperative)


tuve

tuva (definite singular)
tuver (indefinite plural)
tuvene (definite plural)


misse

missar (present)
missa (past)
missa (participle past)
missast (infinitive passive)
missande (participle present)
misse (imperative)
miss (imperative)


oksel

oksel f (definite singular oksla, indefinite plural oksler, definite plural okslene)

oksla (definite singular)
oksler (indefinite plural)
okslene (definite plural)


dra til helvete

Similar to Swedish dra åt helvete, Danish gå ad helvede til and English.


apekatt

apekatten (definite singular)
apekattar (indefinite plural)
apekattane (definite plural)

From ape + katt, cf. Danish abekat.
Possibly connected to a Continental West Germanic word akin to German Meerkatze, Dutch meerkat.


burde

burde (present tense bør, simple past burde, past participle burt)

bør (present)
burde (past)
burt (participle past)

From Old Norse burði, preterite of byrja.

Du burde få fiksa det.


kategori

kategori m (definite singular kategorien, indefinite plural kategoriar, definite plural kategoriane)

kategorien (definite singular)
kategoriar (indefinite plural)
kategoriane (definite plural)


klarinett

klarinetten (definite singular)
klarinettar (indefinite plural)
klarinettane (definite plural)


snakke

snakkar (present)
snakka (past)
snakka (participle past)
snakkast (infinitive passive)
snakkande (participle present)
snakke (imperative)
snakk (imperative)


evigung

evigung (neuter singular evigungt, definite singular and plural evigunge)

evigungt (neuter singular)
evigunge (definite plural singular)


-vis

suffix for creating adverbs and adjectives out of adjectives and nouns


elske

elskar (present)
elska (past)
elska (participle past)
elskast (infinitive passive)
elskande (participle present)
elske (imperative)
elsk (imperative)


pusse

pussar (present)
pussa (past)
pussa (participle past)
pussast (infinitive passive)
pussande (participle present)
pusse (imperative)
puss (imperative)


tæra

tærer (present)
tærte (past)
tært (participle past)
tærast (infinitive passive)
tærande (participle present)
tær (imperative)

From Old Norse tæra, from Middle Low German teren. Compare Icelandic tæra and Swedish tära.


kjærleik

kjærleiken (definite singular)
kjærleikar (indefinite plural)
kjærleikane (definite plural)

/²ɕæːɽlɛɪːk/

[²çæːr.lɛ̝ɪ̯ˑk]

[²c͡çæːr.lɛ̝ɪ̯ˑk]

[²çæː.l̠ɛ̝ɪ̯ˑk]

From kjær (“dear”) + -leik (“-ness”), from Old Norse kærleikr (“love”).


manøver

manøveren (definite singular)
manøvrar (indefinite plural)
manøvrane (definite plural)

From French manœuvre, from Old French maneuvre, from Latin manuopera, derived from manu (ablative of manus,"hand") and opera (plural of opus, "work"). Compare with manoeuvre, manual, operation and operate in English.


definisjon

definisjonen (definite singular)
definisjonar (indefinite plural)
definisjonane (definite plural)


gyllen

gyllen (neuter singular gylle or gyllent, definite singular and plural gylne)

gylle (neuter singular)
gyllent (neuter singular)
gylne (definite plural singular)


resepsjon

resepsjonen (definite singular)
resepsjonar (indefinite plural)
resepsjonane (definite plural)

From French réception, from Latin receptio.


niding

nidingen (definite singular)
nidingar (indefinite plural)
nidingane (definite plural)

From Old Norse níðingr. Cognates include Danish nidding, Icelandic níðingur and English nithing.


limonade

limonaden (definite singular)
limonadar (indefinite plural)
limonadane (definite plural)


ordtak

ordtaket (definite singular)
ordtak (indefinite plural)
ordtaka (definite plural)


abonnement

abonnementet (definite singular)
abonnement (indefinite plural)
abonnementa (definite plural)


utforming

utforminga (definite singular)
utformingar (indefinite plural)
utformingane (definite plural)


dictai

(non-standard since 2012) definite plural of dictum


runka

runkar (present)
runka (past)
runka (participle past)
runkast (infinitive passive)
runkande (participle present)
runka (imperative)
runk (imperative)

walk heavily and slowly, typically by oneself


harr

harren (definite singular)
harrar (indefinite plural)
harrane (definite plural)

Thymallus thymallus
Thymallus thymallus#Translingual


alterring

alterringen (definite singular)
alterringar (indefinite plural)
alterringane (definite plural)


fremst

fremst (neuter singular fremst, definite singular and plural fremste)

fremst (neuter singular)
fremste (definite plural singular)


vik

vika (definite singular)
vikar (indefinite plural)
viker (indefinite plural)
vikane (definite plural)
vikene (definite plural)


vik

viket (definite singular)
vik (indefinite plural)
vika (definite plural)

how bent the sawtooth is in relation to its sawblade


vik

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

nonlemma

inflection of vika and vike (strong verbs):

imperative of vika and vikja (weak verbs)


vatna

vatnar (present)
vatna (past)
vatna (participle past)
vatnast (infinitive passive)
vatnande (participle present)
vatna (imperative)
vatn (imperative)


heiti

heitiet (definite singular)
heiti (indefinite plural)
heitia (definite plural)

Learned borrowing from Old Norse heiti. Doublet of heite.

(Norse poetry) a heiti; alternative form of heite


immun

immunt (neuter)
immune (definite plural singular)


remedium

remediet (definite singular)
remedium (indefinite plural)
remedia (definite plural)


studere

studerer (present)
studerte (past)
studert (participle past)
studerast (infinitive passive)
studerande (participle present)
studer (imperative)


tyrii

(non-standard since 2012) definite plural of tyri


tusse

tussen (definite singular)
tussar (indefinite plural)
tussane (definite plural)


hoku

head

hòku f (definite singular hòko, indefinite plural hòkur, definite plural hòkune)

hòku (canonical feminine)
hòko (definite singular)
hòkur (indefinite plural)
hòkune (definite plural)


stutt

stutt (indefinite singular)
stutte (definite plural singular)
stuttare (comparative)
stuttast (indefinite superlative)
stuttaste (definite superlative)

From Old Norse stuttr, from Proto-Germanic *stuntaz.


Arnbjørn

arn (“eagle”) + bjørn (“bear”); from Old Norse Arnbjǫrn, from ǫrn + bjǫrn. Cognate with Icelandic Arnbjörn.


madrass

madrassen (definite singular)
madrassar (indefinite plural)
madrassane (definite plural)


edderkopp

edderkoppen (definite singular)
edderkoppar (indefinite plural)
edderkoppane (definite plural)

From Norwegian Bokmål edderkopp, from Danish edderkop.


skini

(non-standard since 2012) definite plural of skin


skini

(non-standard since 2012) past participle of skina


kardinal

kardinal m (definite singular kardinalen, indefinite plural kardinalar, definite plural kardinalane)

kardinalen (definite singular)
kardinalar (indefinite plural)
kardinalane (definite plural)


fakkel

fakkelen (definite singular)
faklar (indefinite plural)
faklane (definite plural)

Derived from Latin facula, via German Fackel.

flare (a signal flare, also at oil refineries, etc., including the flare tower)


kano

kanoen (definite singular)
kanoar (indefinite plural)
kanoane (definite plural)

From a Caribbean language, via Spanish canoa.


bryggeri

bryggeriet (definite singular)
bryggeri (indefinite plural)
bryggeria (definite plural)


Bjørgvin

From Old Norse Bjǫrgvin (“meadow between the mountains”), revived in the 19th century. From bjarg (“rock, boulder, cliff”) + vin (“meadow, pasture”). Compare Faroese Bjørgvin and Icelandic Björgvin.

compound

No er stutt á fortelja at sild fekk me, kom heppeleg til Bjørgvin og selde godt.

1929, Halldor O. Opedal, Ein harding på vidåtta i 60-åri, page 25:

Now it is short to say, that we got herring, and it luckily came to Bergen and sold well.

Bergen (A port city, municipality and former county in Hordaland, Norway; official name: Bergen)

Halvor Nordhaug vart biskop i Bjørgvin i 2009.

2014 March 31, “Biskop Halvor”, in Den Norske Kyrkja [The Church of Norway], retrieved 2022-12-25:

Halvor Nordhaug became bishop of [the diocese of] Bjørgvin in 2009.

Bjørgvin bispedøme
Bjørgvin bispedøme#Norwegian_Nynorsk

Clipping of Bjørgvin bispedøme (“Diocese of Bjørgvin”).


jippo

jippoet (definite singular)
jippo (indefinite plural)
jippoa (definite plural)

A PR stunt or gimmick to attract plenty of attention.


nektar

nektaren (definite singular)
nektarar (indefinite plural)
nektarane (definite plural)

From Ancient Greek νέκταρ (néktar, “nourishment of the gods”), from Proto-Indo-European *néḱtr̥h₂, derived from the roots *neḱ- (“to perish, disappear”) and *terh₂- (“to overcome”).


generisk

head

generisk (neuter singular generisk, definite singular and plural generiske)

generisk (neuter singular)
generiske (definite plural singular)


marm

Eg kjenner deg, du Havsens Marm, med Galdre-Song […]

I know you, you drone of the sea, with magic song […]

(archaic) the drone of the sea or of running water


begge

From Old Norse beggja, genitive of báðir.


lidi

(non-standard since 2012) feminine of liden

(non-standard since 2012) neuter of liden


lidi

(non-standard since 2012) supine of lida


lidi

definite singular of lid (non-standard since 1917)


skita

skita (present tense skit, past tense skeit, supine skite, past participle skiten, present participle skitande, imperative skit)

skit (present)
skeit (past)
skite (supine)
skiten (participle past)
skitande (participle present)
skit (imperative)

From Old Norse skíta, from Proto-Germanic *skītaną. Akin to English shit.


skita

(colloquial, vulgar) Used as an intensifier for drunkenness


bakteriologi

bakteriologi m (definite singular bakteriologien)

(microbiology) bacteriology (the study of bacteria)


huku

huko (definite singular)
hukur (indefinite plural)
hukune (definite plural)


stame

(non-standard since 2012) definite singular of stam

(non-standard since 2012) plural of stam


vits

vitsen (definite singular)
vitsar (indefinite plural)
vitsane (definite plural)

From German Witz (“joke”), related to vidd and vittig.


væg

vægen (definite singular)
vægar (indefinite plural)
vægane (definite plural)


testimonium

testimoniet (definite singular)
testimonium (indefinite plural)
testimonia (definite plural)


byrå

byrået (definite singular)
byrå (indefinite plural)
byråa (definite plural)


grensesnitt

grensesnittet (definite singular)
grensesnitt (indefinite plural)
grensesnitta (definite plural)


kode

koden (definite singular)
kodar (indefinite plural)
kodane (definite plural)

From Latin codex, via French code and English code.


kode

kodar (present)
koda (past)
koda (participle past)
kodast (infinitive passive)
kodande (participle present)
kode (imperative)
kod (imperative)


kode

koda (definite singular)
koder (indefinite plural)
kodene (definite plural)


neodym

From neo- + didym, from Ancient Greek δίδυμος (dídumos).


Mikronesia

From Ancient Greek μικρός (mikrós) + νῆσος (nêsos).

Micronesia (a geographical region of Oceania)

Micronesia (A country consisting of about 2000 islands in Oceania; official name: Mikronesiaføderasjonen)


sektor

sektoren (definite singular)
sektorar (indefinite plural)
sektorane (definite plural)


litin

litin (masculine litin, feminine lita, neuter lite)

litin (masculine)
lita (feminine)
lite (neuter)


teolog

teologen (definite singular)
teologar (indefinite plural)
teologane (definite plural)

From Latin theologus, from Ancient Greek θεολόγος (theológos); θεός (theós) + -log.


kalva

kalvar (present)
kalva (past)
kalva (participle past)
kalvast (infinitive passive)
kalvande (participle present)
kalva (imperative)
kalv (imperative)

From kalv (“calf”), compare Faroese kálva. Doublet of kjelva.


hevel

hevelen (definite singular)
hevlar (indefinite plural)
hevlane (definite plural)

From Old Norse hefill, from Proto-Germanic *habilaz.


kamerat

kameraten (definite singular)
kameratar (indefinite plural)
kameratane (definite plural)

From Latin camera; via Italian, and French camarade.


kriterium

kriteriet (definite singular)
kriterium (indefinite plural)
kriteria (definite plural)

From Ancient Greek κριτήριον (kritḗrion), via Latin criterion.


koscher

koscher (neuter koschert, plural koschere)

Borrowed from Hebrew כשר through German and/or Yiddish.


automatisk

automatisk (neuter singular automatisk, definite singular and plural automatiske)

automatisk (neuter singular)
automatiske (definite plural singular)


trivs

present tense of trivas (non-standard since 2012)


revu

rèvu f (definite singular rèvo, indefinite plural rèvur, definite plural rèvune)

rèvu (canonical feminine)
rèvo (definite singular)
rèvur (indefinite plural)
rèvune (definite plural)


helga

helgar (present)
helga (past)
helga (participle past)
helgast (infinitive passive)
helgande (participle present)
helga (imperative)
helg (imperative)

From Old Norse helga, from Proto-Germanic *hailagōną. Cognates include English hallow.


helga

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.


synas

synas (present tense synes, past tense syntes, supine syns)

synes (present)
syntes (past)
syns (supine)


problematisk

problematisk (neuter singular problematisk, definite singular and plural problematiske)

problematisk (neuter singular)
problematiske (definite plural singular)


sats

satsen (definite singular)
satsar (indefinite plural)
satsane (definite plural)

(music) a movement (in a musical work such as a symphony)

(athletics) run-up, i.e. the preparing movements done to be able to jump as far or high as possible; the running done before the jump (in e.g. long jump or high jump)

(printing, typography) typesetting; the way a text is typeset

(brewing) a mixture set to ferment into hard liquor


syna

inflection of syn:
definite feminine singular

inflection of syn:
definite neuter plural


syna

syner (present)
synte (past)
synt (participle past)
synast (infinitive passive)
synande (participle present)
syn (imperative)

Kjem T'ao Ch'ien på vitjing ein dag, vil eg syna han kissebærtrei og aplane mine […]

If T'ao Ch'ien comes visiting one day, I will show him my cherry trees and apples […]


handfull

handfullen (definite singular)
handfullar (indefinite plural)
handfullane (definite plural)
handfulla (definite singular)
handfuller (indefinite plural)
handfullene (definite plural)

a handful (small number, e.g. of people)


skuter

skuteren (definite singular)
skuterar (indefinite plural)
skuterane (definite plural)


bergart

bergarten (definite singular)
bergartar (indefinite plural)
bergartane (definite plural)
bergarta (definite singular)
bergarter (indefinite plural)
bergartene (definite plural)


antibiotikum

antibiotikumet (definite singular)
antibiotikum (indefinite plural)
antibiotika (indefinite plural)
antibiotikuma (definite plural)
antibiotikaa (definite plural)


tronarving

tronarvingen (definite singular)
tronarvingar (indefinite plural)
tronarvingane (definite plural)

From trone (“throne”) + arving (“heir”).


skida

skida (definite singular)
skidor (indefinite plural)
skidorna (definite plural)

(pre-1901 (Landsmål)) alternative form of skie


busur

(non-standard since 1917) indefinite plural of busu


agurk

agurk m (definite singular agurken, indefinite plural agurkar, definite plural agurkane)

agurken (definite singular)
agurkar (indefinite plural)
agurkane (definite plural)


trone

trona (definite singular)
troner (indefinite plural)
tronene (definite plural)

From Ancient Greek θρόνος (thrónos, “chair, throne”).


spagetti

spagettien (definite singular)
spagettiar (indefinite plural)
spagettiane (definite plural)


sosiologi

head

sosiologi m (definite singular sosiologien)


-ferdig

forming adjectives, as for Bokmål above.


dobbelsculler

dobbelsculleren (definite singular)
dobbelscullerar (indefinite plural)
dobbelscullerane (definite plural)

(rowing) a double scull (regatta boat for two oarsmen, without a coxswain)


slak

slakt (neuter)
slake (definite plural singular)
slakare (comparative)
slakast (indefinite superlative)
slakaste (definite superlative)


valp

valpen (definite singular)
valpar (indefinite plural)
valpane (definite plural)


ubåt

ubåten (definite singular)
ubåtar (indefinite plural)
ubåtane (definite plural)

From u- + båt, abbreviation of undervassbåt, after German U-Boot.


toti

(non-standard since 2012) feminine of toten

(non-standard since 2012) neuter of toten


toti

(non-standard since 2012) supine of tyta


toti

(non-standard since 2012) definite plural of tot


moderat

moderat (neuter singular moderat, definite singular and plural moderate)

moderat (neuter singular)
moderate (definite plural singular)


palmer

(non-standard since 1959) indefinite plural of palme


effekt

effekten (definite singular)
effektar (indefinite plural)
effektane (definite plural)


kriminologi

kriminologi m (definite singular kriminologien)


foto-

From the combining form φωτω- (phōtō-) of Ancient Greek φῶς (phôs).


fat

fatet (definite singular)
fat (indefinite plural)
fata (definite plural)

From Old Norse fat, Proto-Germanic *fatą.


fat

nonlemma

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.


nettopp

From nett + opp. Cf. Norwegian Bokmål nettopp, Danish netop and rarely used Swedish nättupp.


unngå

head

unngå (present tense unngår, past tense unngjekk, past participle unngått, present participle unngåande, imperative unngå)

unngår (present)
unngjekk (past)
unngått (participle past)
unngåande (participle present)
unngå (imperative)

Han prøver å unngå meg.


anbefalingi

(non-standard since 2012) definite singular of anbefaling


anbefaling

anbefalinga (definite singular)
anbefalingar (indefinite plural)
anbefalingane (definite plural)


noe

A g-less form of nogo (cf. noo) with a weakened end vowel. From Old Norse nǫkkut, neuter of nǫkkurr.

(dialectal or pre-2012) alternative form of noko (“something”)


stormenner

(non-standard since 2012) indefinite plural of stormann


menner

(non-standard since 2012) indefinite plural of mann


akseptere

aksepterer (present)
aksepterte (past)
akseptert (participle past)
aksepterast (infinitive passive)
aksepterande (participle present)
aksepter (imperative)

Borrowed from Latin acceptāre (“take or receive willingly”), from acceptus, perfect passive participle of accipiō (“receive, accept”), derived from ad (“to, toward”) + capiō (“take”). Compare with aksept, English accept and French accepter. Equivalent to aksept + -ere.

bor

Eg kjem ikkje til å akseptere at du farar fram slik.

Football knows it's boring and accepts it. Fortunately.

I will not tolerate you behaving like that.

Så, kva seier du, aksepterer du tilbodet mitt?

So, what do you say, do you accept my offer?

to accept, tolerate, agree to (see godta)

Han nekta å akseptere vekselen.

(banking) to accept, honour; To agree to pay a certain sum of money.


Eilif

Learned borrowing from Old Norse Eilífr where has been misinterpreted as /f/. Compare the inherited Eiliv.


lydord

lydordet (definite singular)
lydord (indefinite plural)
lydorda (definite plural)

(linguistics, grammar) an onomatopoeic word (as above)


hæla

head

hæla (present tense hæler, past tense hæla, past participle hæla)

hæler (present)
hæla (past)
hæla (participle past)

From dialectal form of herda. Compare Norwegian Bokmål hæle with same meaning.


-skap

-skapen (definite singular)
-skapar (indefinite plural)
-skapane (definite plural)

From Old Norse -skapr, from Proto-Germanic *-skapiz. Cognate with English -scape and -ship. When Norwegian borrowed words from Dutch, Middle Low German, or Middle High German or German containing the suffixes -schap or -schaft, it used this suffix to loan-translate those as well.

ven (“friend”) → venskap (“friendhood”)

lik (“equal”) → likskap (“equality”)

veik (“weak”) → veikskap (“weakness”)


-skap

bror (“brother”) → brorskap (“brotherhood”)


-skap

-skapet (definite singular)
-skap (indefinite plural)
-skapa (definite plural)

mann (“man/human”) → mannskap (“crew”)


paradoks

paradoks n (definite singular paradokset, indefinite plural paradoks, definite plural paradoksa)

paradokset (definite singular)
paradoks (indefinite plural)
paradoksa (definite plural)


reptil

reptilet (definite singular)
reptil (indefinite plural)
reptila (definite plural)


kanal

kanal m (definite singular kanalen, indefinite plural kanalar, definite plural kanalane)

kanalen (definite singular)
kanalar (indefinite plural)
kanalane (definite plural)

diplomatiske kanalar


skape

skapar (present)
skaper (present)
skapa (past)
skapte (past)
skapa (participle past)
skapt (participle past)
skapast (infinitive passive)
skapande (participle present)
skape (imperative)
skap (imperative)


firmenning

firmenningen (definite singular)
firmenningar (indefinite plural)
firmenningane (definite plural)

fire (“four”) + -menning, from Old Norse fermenningr.


hyll

hyllen (definite singular)
hyllar (indefinite plural)
hyllane (definite plural)

From a Germanic root *holana-, related to Middle Low German holder, holdern, and German Holunder.

an elder or elderberry, small tree of genus Sambucus.


rop

ropet (definite singular)
rop (indefinite plural)
ropa (definite plural)


galge

galgen (definite singular)
galgar (indefinite plural)
galgane (definite plural)

gallows (structure for hanging condemned prisoners)


drita

drita (present tense drit, past tense dreit, supine drite, past participle driten, present participle dritande, imperative drit)

drit (present)
dreit (past)
drite (supine)
driten (participle past)
dritande (participle present)
drit (imperative)

From Old Norse dríta, from Proto-Germanic *drītaną. Akin to English drite.


drita

Han var drita full.


drita

drita (plural singular)
meir drita (comparative)
mest drita (superlative)

No skal me verte drita!


drita

drita (definite singular)
driter (indefinite plural)
dritor (indefinite plural)
dritene (definite plural)
dritone (definite plural)


syndrom

syndromet (definite singular)
syndrom (indefinite plural)
syndroma (definite plural)

Learned borrowing from New Latin syndrome, from Ancient Greek συνδρομή (sundromḗ).


fjellvåk

fjellvåken (definite singular)
fjellvåkar (indefinite plural)
fjellvåkane (definite plural)

rough-legged buzzard
rough-legged buzzard

Buteo lagopus
Buteo lagopus#Translingual


aviarium

aviariet (definite singular)
aviarium (indefinite plural)
aviaria (definite plural)


panter

head

panter m (definite singular panteren, indefinite plural panterar, definite plural panterane)

panteren (definite singular)
panterar (indefinite plural)
panterane (definite plural)


undervisa

underviser (present)
underviste (past)
undervist (participle past)
undervisast (infinitive passive)
undervisande (participle present)
undervis (imperative)


ringfinger

ringfingeren (definite singular)
ringfingrar (indefinite plural)
ringfingrane (definite plural)


-isere

To produce verbs from adjectives meaning to make; -ise, -ize.


lindane

(non-standard since 1917) definite plural of lind


herse

hersen (definite singular)
hersar (indefinite plural)
hersane (definite plural)

Semi-learned borrowing from Old Norse hersir, from Proto-Germanic *harisjaz (“army’s leader”), from Proto-Germanic *harjaz (“army”).

inh

hersir (a local chief lord up until about 1050)


dessverre

Compound word, from dess (“the more, "even more"”) + verre (“worse”), literally: "even worse".

Eg har dessverre sett meg nøydd til å avslå søknaden din.

I regret to inform that your application has not been successful. (literally: I have unfortunately been forced to decline your application)

Har de sjokolade? Nei, dessverre.


kløtsj

kløtsjen (definite singular)
kløtsjar (indefinite plural)
kløtsjane (definite plural)

(automotive) a clutch (device between engine and gearbox)


adelsmerke

adelsmerket (definite singular)
adelsmerke (indefinite plural)
adelsmerka (definite plural)

From adel (“nobility”) + -s- + merke (“mark”).

af

(figuratively) mark of (spiritual) nobility

distinction; distinguishing feature in a person


kognitiv

head

kognitiv (neuter singular kognitivt, definite singular and plural kognitive)

kognitivt (neuter singular)
kognitive (definite plural singular)

From Latin cognitio, cognitus, via English cognitive, French cognitif, and German kognitiv.


medskyldig

medskyldig (neuter singular medskyldig, definite singular and plural medskyldige)

medskyldig (neuter singular)
medskyldige (definite plural singular)


barne

barnar (present)
barna (past)
barna (participle past)
barnast (infinitive passive)
barnande (participle present)
barne (imperative)
barn (imperative)


kumlokk

kumlokket (definite singular)
kumlokk (indefinite plural)
kumlokka (definite plural)


subjektiv

subjektiv (neuter singular subjektivt, definite singular and plural subjektive)

subjektivt (neuter singular)
subjektive (definite plural singular)


seld

seld (neuter singular selt, definite singular and plural selde)

selt (neuter singular)
selde (definite plural singular)


forlegge

forlegg (present)
forla (past)
forlagt (participle past)
forleggast (infinitive passive)
forleggande (participle present)
forlegg (imperative)

for- + legge; from Middle Low German vorlegen, vorleggen. Compare with the German verb verlegen (“misplace”).

to misplace, mislay (putting something somewhere, then forgetting its location)

Troppene ble forlagt til byen.

to make all arrangements for the publication of a book etc.

forlegge siktepunkt

in using a firing weapon, adjust aiming point due to conditions


relikvie

relikvien (definite singular)
relikviar (indefinite plural)
relikviane (definite plural)


tverrhalehauk

tverrhalehauken (definite singular)
tverrhalehaukar (indefinite plural)
tverrhalehaukane (definite plural)

From tverr (“across”) + hale (“tail”) + hauk (“hawk”).

af

Accipiter striatus
Accipiter striatus#Translingual


rusten

head

rusten (neuter singular ruste or rustent, definite singular and plural rustne)

ruste (neuter singular)
rustent (neuter singular)
rustne (definite plural singular)


sét

(non-standard since 1938) past participle of sjå


melisse

melissen (definite singular)
melissar (indefinite plural)
melissane (definite plural)

melissa, plant of genus Melissa, in particular lemon balm


skauen

definite singular of skau (“the forest”)


redda

reddar (present)
redda (past)
redda (participle past)
reddast (infinitive passive)
reddande (participle present)
redda (imperative)
redd (imperative)


skau

skaua (definite singular)
skauer (indefinite plural)
skauene (definite plural)

From Old Norse skauðir (“sheaths (plural)”).

(anatomy) foreskin on the member of male animals, particularly horses


skau

skau m (definite singular skaun or skauen or skævven, definite singular dative skoja, indefinite plural skoga or skogar, definite plural skogann or skogane, definite plural dative skauom)

skaun (definite singular)
skauen (definite singular)
skævven (definite singular)
skoja (dative definite singular)
skoga (indefinite plural)
skogar (indefinite plural)
skogann (definite plural)
skogane (definite plural)
skauom (dative definite plural)

(dialectal, Trøndelag dialect, Eastern Norway) alternative form of skog (“forest”)


redde

reddar (present)
redda (past)
redda (participle past)
reddast (infinitive passive)
reddande (participle present)
redde (imperative)
redd (imperative)


dunge

dungen (definite singular)
dungar (indefinite plural)
dungane (definite plural)


halvsøster

halvsøster f (definite singular halvsøstera, indefinite plural halvsøstrer, definite plural halvsøstrene)

halvsøstera (definite singular)
halvsøstrer (indefinite plural)
halvsøstrene (definite plural)


halvbror

halvbror m (definite singular halvbroren, indefinite plural halvbrør, definite plural halvbrørne)

halvbroren (definite singular)
halvbrør (indefinite plural)
halvbrørne (definite plural)


filosof

filosof m (definite singular filosofen, indefinite plural filosofar, definite plural filosofane)

filosofen (definite singular)
filosofar (indefinite plural)
filosofane (definite plural)


rett og slett

rett (“straight”) og (“and”) slett (“plain”)

(idiomatic, figuratively) plainly and simply, quite simply


partisipp

partisippet (definite singular)
partisipp (indefinite plural)
partisippa (definite plural)

From Latin participium, from particeps (“which partakes of”).


republikk

republikken (definite singular)
republikkar (indefinite plural)
republikkane (definite plural)

From French république, from Latin res publica (“the public thing”).


vandra

vandrar (present)
vandra (past)
vandra (participle past)
vandrast (infinitive passive)
vandrande (participle present)
vandra (imperative)
vandr (imperative)

From Middle Low German wanderen. Compare English wander and Swedish vandra.

Dei vandra hand i hand.

Han vandra gatelangs.

I dei dagane då Jesus vandra på Jorda.

In the days when Jesus walked the Earth.

Han vandra gjennom landet.

Ho vandra mot byen.

Han lét tankane vandra.

to roam, wander, constantly be on the move

With such high speed they can migrate over thousands of kilometers.

Med så høg fart kan dei vandra tusenvis av kilometer. (translated from Atlantic herring on Wikipedia.Wikipedia)

Han vandra bort for fem år sidan.

(euphemistic, idiomatic) to die, pass away


rimi

(non-standard since 2012) definite plural of rim


giss

gissen (definite singular)
gissar (indefinite plural)
gissane (definite plural)


skorpion

skorpionen (definite singular)
skorpionar (indefinite plural)
skorpionane (definite plural)

From Ancient Greek σκορπίος (skorpíos), via Latin scorpio.


smidig

smidig (neuter singular smidig, definite singular and plural smidige, comparative smidigare, indefinite superlative smidigast, definite superlative smidigaste)

smidig (neuter singular)
smidige (definite plural singular)
smidigare (comparative)
smidigast (indefinite superlative)
smidigaste (definite superlative)

From Middle Low German smīdich (“forgeable”). Related to smed (“smith”).


platan

platanen (definite singular)
platanar (indefinite plural)
platanane (definite plural)

Ultimately from Ancient Greek πλάτανος (plátanos).

a plane (tree), plane tree (genus Platanus)


demonstrant

demonstranten (definite singular)
demonstrantar (indefinite plural)
demonstrantane (definite plural)

From Latin through the present participle of demonstrere / demonstrera (“demonstrate”).


fraseologi

fraseologien (definite singular)
fraseologiar (indefinite plural)
fraseologiane (definite plural)

From Ancient Greek φράσις (phrásis); frase (“phrase”) + -logi (“-ology”).


blyant

blyanten (definite singular)
blyantar (indefinite plural)
blyantane (definite plural)

Transformed from blyerts, influenced by bliant, a type of silk. Short form of blyantspenn.


straffe

straffar (present)
straffa (past)
straffa (participle past)
straffast (infinitive passive)
straffande (participle present)
straffe (imperative)
straff (imperative)

(transitive) to penalise (UK), or penalize (US)


straffe

straffa (definite singular)
straffer (indefinite plural)
straffene (definite plural)

(sports) a penalty
(soccer, rugby) penalty kick

(sports) a penalty
(handball, water polo) penalty throw

(sports) a penalty
(ice hockey) penalty shot


årstid

årstida (definite singular)
årstider (indefinite plural)
årstidene (definite plural)

From år + -s- + tid, from German Jahreszeit.

season (time of year; spring, summer, autumn or winter)


løve

løva (definite singular)
løver (indefinite plural)
løvene (definite plural)

From Middle Low German (compare with German Löwe (“lion”), from Old High German leo), ultimately from Latin leo, from Ancient Greek λέων (léōn). Compare with Old Norse león.

(idiomatic) A man who is the object of celebrity and attention in high society.


hamn

hamna (definite singular)
hamner (indefinite plural)
hamnene (definite plural)

From Old Norse hǫfn, from Proto-Germanic *habnō.


asiatisk

asiatisk (neuter singular asiatisk, definite singular and plural asiatiske)

asiatisk (neuter singular)
asiatiske (definite plural singular)


indiansk

indiansk (neuter singular indiansk, definite singular and plural indianske)

indiansk (neuter singular)
indianske (definite plural singular)


sommar

sommaren (definite singular)
somrar (indefinite plural)
somrane (definite plural)


trekant

trekant m (definite singular trekanten, indefinite plural trekantar, definite plural trekantane)

trekanten (definite singular)
trekantar (indefinite plural)
trekantane (definite plural)


grøn

grønt (neuter)
grøne (definite plural singular)
grønare (comparative)
grønast (indefinite superlative)
grønaste (definite superlative)

From Old Norse grœnn, from Proto-Germanic *grōniz (“green”). Cognates with English green.

Graset var grønt.

politics with focus on agriculture, rural areas, environment and resources


kostnad

kostnaden (definite singular)
kostnader (indefinite plural)
kostnadar (indefinite plural)
kostnadene (definite plural)
kostnadane (definite plural)


ljuga

lyg (present)
laug (past)
loge (participle past)
ljugast (infinitive passive)
ljugande (participle present)
ljug (imperative)
ljuga (infinitive)
ljuge (infinitive)
ljugande (participle present)
logen (participle past)
loge (supine)
lyg (present singular)
lyger (present singular)
laug (past singular)
ljuga (plural present)
lugo (past plural)
ljuge (present)
ljug (present singular)
ljuge (plural present)

nn-conj-table

Conjugation of <i class="Latn mention" lang="nn">ljuga</i> — (strong􂀽 class 2)


kje

kjeet (definite singular)
kje (indefinite plural)
kjea (definite plural)

From Old Norse kið (“goatling”), from Proto-Germanic *kidją.


kje

Det er kje der.

not (in unstressed position, primarily in poetry)


kje

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.


tår

tåra (definite singular)
tårer (indefinite plural)
tårene (definite plural)

From Old Norse tár n, from Proto-Germanic *tahrą, from Proto-Indo-European *dáḱru- (“tear”).


tår

tåren (definite singular)
tårar (indefinite plural)
tårane (definite plural)


elektrisk

head

elektrisk (neuter singular elektrisk, definite singular and plural elektriske)

elektrisk (neuter singular)
elektriske (definite plural singular)


sverd

sverdet (definite singular)
sverd (indefinite plural)
sverda (definite plural)

From Old Norse sverð, from Proto-Germanic *swerdą, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *swer- (“to cut, to fester”). Akin to English sword.

inh

I gamle dagar slost dei med sverd.

In the old days people fought using swords.


loke

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form..


fant

fanten (definite singular)
fantar (indefinite plural)
fantane (definite plural)

(ethnic slur, often offensive) the same as tater (a kind of Norwegian Gypsies)


snø

From Old Norse snær, snjór, from Proto-Germanic *snaiwaz, from Proto-Indo-European *snóygʷʰos. Cognate with English snow.


snø

snør (present)
snødde (past)
snøtt (participle past)
snødd (participle past)
snøast (infinitive passive)
snøande (participle present)
snø (imperative)

From Old Norse snjóva, from Proto-Germanic *snīwaną.

det snør


stryka

head

stryka (present tense stryk, past tense strauk, supine stroke, past participle stroken, present participle strykande, imperative stryk)

stryk (present)
strauk (past)
stroke (supine)
stroken (participle past)
strykande (participle present)
stryk (imperative)

From Old Norse strjúka, from Proto-Germanic *streukaną.

Sjaa - daa kom ein Kul, saa linn og vinleg, strauk heilt kjærleg burtigjenom Graset, lyfte liksom Blomarne i Fanget, som ein Fader stryk og lyfter Borni[…]

Lo! - then came a breeze, so soft and friendly, lovingly stroking the grass, as if lifting the flowers into its lap, like a father strokes and lifts his children […]

to stroke (To move one's hand along a surface)

Han strauk paa same Strengen.

He played on the same string. (He repeated himself.)

[…]og eit gagnlegt Verk var det, at Prentingi vardt frigjevi, so kvar fekk Løyve til aat lata prenta Meiningarne sine i Bøker og Tidendablad, utan at nokon las igjenom det fyre aat og strauk ut nokot.

1862, Eirik M. Torvaldsson Sommer, Noregs Saga i Stuttmaal:

[…] and it was a beneficial achievement that censorship was removed, so that everyone was allowed to have their opinions printed in books and journals, without anyone reading them beforehand and striking anything.

to strike (haul down, lower a flag, sail)

[…]og so sette dei upp ei Lygn aat honom, so han trudde, at da var alt gjort; og darmed strauk han av og spurde inkje meir etter nokon Ting.

1853, Ivar Aasen, Prøver af Landsmaalet i Norge:

[…] and so they told him a lie, so he thought it was already done, and so he went off without asking anymore about anything.


tomt

tomta (definite singular)
tomter (indefinite plural)
tomtene (definite plural)


mynta

(non-standard since 1959) definite singular of mynt


keisarinna

definite feminine singular of keisarinne: (empress)


måltid

måltidet (definite singular)
måltid (indefinite plural)
måltida (definite plural)


kaos

From Ancient Greek χάος (kháos, “vast chasm, void”).


affekt

affekten (definite singular)
affektar (indefinite plural)
affektane (definite plural)

(psychology) affect (strong emotional experience)


refreng

refrenget (definite singular)
refreng (indefinite plural)
refrenga (definite plural)

From French refrain, from Old French refraindre (“repeat”), from Latin re- (“back, again”) + frangō (“break”).


intrige

intrigen (definite singular)
intrigar (indefinite plural)
intrigane (definite plural)


antependium

antependiet (definite singular)
antependium (indefinite plural)
antependia (definite plural)


alkoholfri

head

alkoholfri (neuter singular alkoholfritt, definite singular and plural alkoholfrie)

alkoholfritt (neuter singular)
alkoholfrie (definite plural singular)


nattklubb

nattklubben (definite singular)
nattklubbar (indefinite plural)
nattklubbane (definite plural)


humre

humrar (present)
humra (past)
humra (participle past)
humrast (infinitive passive)
humrande (participle present)
humre (imperative)
humr (imperative)


kolla

kollar (present)
kolla (past)
kolla (participle past)
kollast (infinitive passive)
kollande (participle present)
kolla (imperative)
koll (imperative)


kolla

kolla (definite singular)
koller (indefinite plural)
kollor (indefinite plural)
kollene (definite plural)
kollone (definite plural)


skje

skje (imperative skje, present tense skjer, simple past skjedde, past participle skjedd or skjett)

skje (imperative)
skjer (present)
skjedde (past)
skjedd (participle past)
skjett (participle past)

From Middle Low German schen, geschen, cognate with Danish ske, Dutch geschieden, and Limburgish sji-jje.


ettermiddag

ettermiddagen (definite singular)
ettermiddagar (indefinite plural)
ettermiddagane (definite plural)


anarkist

anarkisten (definite singular)
anarkistar (indefinite plural)
anarkistane (definite plural)

Norway

From anarki (anarchy) and the suffix -ist.

Han er ein ivrig anarkist.


målvakt

målvakta (definite singular)
målvakter (indefinite plural)
målvaktene (definite plural)


befolkning

befolkninga (definite singular)
befolkningar (indefinite plural)
befolkningane (definite plural)


afrikansk

afrikansk (masculine)
afrikansk (feminine)
afrikansk (neuter)
afrikanske (definite plural singular)
meir afrikansk (comparative)
mest afrikansk (superlative)

Han er ekspert på afrikansk historie.


styre

styret (definite singular)
styre (indefinite plural)
styra (definite plural)

a board of directors, or board of any organisation.

handlebar(s) of a bicycle or motorcycle.


styre

styrer (present)
styrte (past)
styrt (participle past)
styrast (infinitive passive)
styrande (participle present)
styr (imperative)


blom

blomen (definite singular)
blomar (indefinite plural)
blomane (definite plural)

From Old Norse blóm, from Proto-Germanic *blōmô. Akin to English bloom.

Solsikka er ein vakker blom.

Kirsebærtrea står i blom.

bloom (the state of blossoming or of having the flowers open)


okarina

okarinaen (definite singular)
okarinaer (indefinite plural)
okarinaar (indefinite plural)
okarinaene (definite plural)
okarinaane (definite plural)


binne

binna (definite singular)
binner (indefinite plural)
binnene (definite plural)


attraktiv

attraktiv (neuter singular attraktivt, definite singular and plural attraktive)

attraktivt (neuter singular)
attraktive (definite plural singular)


behøve

Borrowed from Middle Low German behôven, from Old Saxon *bihōvōn, from Proto-West Germanic *bihōfōn.


tapet

tapeten (definite singular)
tapetet (definite singular)
tapetar (indefinite plural)
tapet (indefinite plural)
tapetane (definite plural)
tapeta (definite plural)

From Latin tapete and Italian, via German Tapete.


administrera

administrerer (present)
administrerte (past)
administrert (participle past)
administrerast (infinitive passive)
administrerande (participle present)
administrer (imperative)


saad

saadet (definite singular)
saad (indefinite plural)
saadi (definite plural)


saad

saadi (definite singular)
saader (indefinite plural)
saadir (indefinite plural)
saaderne (definite plural)
saadine (definite plural)


kaut

kautt (neuter)
kaute (definite plural singular)
kautare (comparative)
kautast (indefinite superlative)
kautaste (definite superlative)


raus

raust (neuter)
rause (definite plural singular)
rausare (comparative)
rausast (indefinite superlative)
rausaste (definite superlative)


eventuell

eventuell (neuter singular eventuelt, definite singular and plural eventuelle)

eventuelt (neuter singular)
eventuelle (definite plural singular)

/²ɛʋɛntʉˈɛlː/

From Latin eventualis via French éventuel.


gasse

gassen (definite singular)
gassar (indefinite plural)
gassane (definite plural)


gasse

gassar (present)
gassa (past)
gassa (participle past)
gassast (infinitive passive)
gassande (participle present)
gasse (imperative)
gass (imperative)

(transitive) to gas (kill or harm with gas, disinfect with gas)


substrat

substratet (definite singular)
substrat (indefinite plural)
substrata (definite plural)

From sub- + Latin stratum, from substernere.


foka

foka (definite singular)
foker (indefinite plural)
fokor (indefinite plural)
fokene (definite plural)
fokone (definite plural)


kvadratmeter

kvadratmeteren (definite singular)
kvadratmeter (indefinite plural)
kvadratmeterane (definite plural)
kvadratmetrane (definite plural)

a square metre, or square meter (US) (as above)


optimisme

From Latin optimus, probably via French optimisme.


lokomotiv

lokomotivet (definite singular)
lokomotiv (indefinite plural)
lokomotiva (definite plural)


aldehyd

aldehyd n (definite singular aldehydet, indefinite plural aldehyd, definite plural aldehyda)

aldehydet (definite singular)
aldehyd (indefinite plural)
aldehyda (definite plural)

A contraction of New Latin al(cohol) dehyd(rogenatum)


jol

jolen (definite singular)
jolar (indefinite plural)
jolane (definite plural)

From Old Norse jóll, jóli, whence also Faroese jólur and Icelandic njóli (< hvannjóli). Related to aul and aule (“hollow plant stem”).


jol

From Old West Norse jól n pl, from Proto-Germanic *jehwlą, *jeulō. Cognate with Old East Norse iūl, whence also jul. Akin to English Yule.

Eg gler meg til jol.

Yule (Germanic celebration of the winter solstice)


jol

(eye dialect spelling, Trøndelag dialect, Eastern Norway) Alternative spelling of jord (“earth”)

eye dialect spelling; Eastern Norway; eye dialect spelling; Eastern Norway


grotesk

grotesk (neuter singular grotesk, definite singular and plural groteske)

grotesk (neuter singular)
groteske (definite plural singular)

From Italian grottesco, via French grotesque.


påske

påsken (definite singular)
påska (definite singular)
påsker (indefinite plural)
påskar (indefinite plural)
påskene (definite plural)
påskane (definite plural)

(Christianity) Easter (Christian holy day)


smed

smeden (definite singular)
smedar (indefinite plural)
smedane (definite plural)

From Old Norse smiðr, from Proto-Germanic *smiþaz. Akin to English smith.


rista

rista (present tense ristar or rister, past tense rista or riste, past participle rista or rist, present participle ristande, imperative rist)

ristar (present)
rister (present)
rista (past)
riste (past)
rista (participle past)
rist (participle past)
ristande (participle present)
rist (imperative)


diftong

diftongen (definite singular)
diftongar (indefinite plural)
diftongane (definite plural)

From Ancient Greek δίφθογγος (díphthongos, “two sounds”).


trede

head

trede (present tense tred or treder, past tense tredde or tro or trod, supine tredd or tredt or trede or tredi, past participle tredd or treden, present participle tredande, imperative tred)

tred (present)
treder (present)
tredde (past)
tro (past)
trod (past)
tredd (supine)
tredt (supine)
trede (supine)
tredi (supine)
tredd (participle past)
treden (participle past)
tredande (participle present)
tred (imperative)

(pre-2012) alternative form of tre (to tread)


trede

(non-standard since 2012) neuter of treden


polyetylen

polyetylenen (definite singular)
polyetylenet (definite singular)


forvitre

forvitrar (present)
forvitra (past)
forvitra (participle past)
forvitrast (infinitive passive)
forvitrande (participle present)
forvitre (imperative)
forvitr (imperative)


kompliment

komplimenten (definite singular)
komplimentar (indefinite plural)
komplimentane (definite plural)


iskrem

iskremen (definite singular)
iskremar (indefinite plural)
iskremane (definite plural)


tabell

tabellen (definite singular)
tabellar (indefinite plural)
tabellane (definite plural)

From Latin tabella, diminutive of tabula.


avskjed

avskjeden (definite singular)
avskjedar (indefinite plural)
avskjedane (definite plural)

From Middle Low German afschet, via Norwegian Bokmål.

få avskjed på grått papir


Ósló

(nonstandard or dialectal, Setesdal dialect) alternative form of Oslo


fok

foket (definite singular)
fok (indefinite plural)
foka (definite plural)


furu

furua (definite singular)
furuer (indefinite plural)
furuene (definite plural)
furu (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
furua (accusative definite nominative singular)
furuer (accusative indefinite nominative plural)
furuene (accusative definite nominative plural)
furu- (genitive in-compounds indefinite singular)
furu (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
furo (accusative definite nominative singular)
furur (accusative indefinite nominative plural)
furune (accusative definite nominative plural)
furu- (genitive in-compounds indefinite singular)

furu

furu

Slidre, Hallingmål, Valdres dialect, West Telemark

From an eastern dialectal form of fure, fura, from Old Norse fura. The -u stems from Old Norse accusative furu, which eastern Norwegian dialects have retained in short-syllable words.
Some dialects have metaphony in furu, although less noticeable than in some other words (e.g. vuku [²ʋʉ.kʉ] < [vi.ka]), while others have two different u-sounds. For instance North Gudbrand Valley with [²fʉ.ɾu] instead of *[²fu.ɾu] (compare turu [²tʰu.ɾu]).


pedofil

pedofil (neuter singular pedofilt, definite singular and plural pedofile)

pedofilt (neuter singular)
pedofile (definite plural singular)

From Ancient Greek παῖς (paîs, “child”) + -fil.

relating to paedophilia and paedophiles, paedophilic

ein pedofil mann


Skottland

Scotland (country in northwest Europe to the north of England)


pelikan

pelikan m (definite singular pelikanen, indefinite plural pelikanar, definite plural pelikanane)

pelikanen (definite singular)
pelikanar (indefinite plural)
pelikanane (definite plural)


alkymist

alkymisten (definite singular)
alkymistar (indefinite plural)
alkymistane (definite plural)

Throughout the Middle Ages, alchemists mainly performed experiments in an attempt to produce gold and love potions, with varying degrees of success.

Gjennom middelalderen dreiv alkymistane hovudsakleg med forsøk på framstilling av gull og kjærleiksdrykkar, med varierande hell. (From the Norwegian Nynorsk edition of Wikipedia's article on alchemy)


Halvard

a male given name from Old Norse, variant of Hallvard


vov

arf (Representing the sound of a dog's bark.)


vov

voven (definite singular)
vovar (indefinite plural)
vovane (definite plural)


vetter

vetteren (definite singular)
vetrar (indefinite plural)
vetrane (definite plural)
vetter (accusative indefinite nominative singular)
vetteren (accusative definite nominative singular)
vetrar (accusative indefinite nominative plural)
vetrane (accusative definite nominative plural)
vetters- (genitive in-compounds indefinite singular)
vetre- (genitive in-compounds indefinite singular)

vetter

From Old West Norse vetr, from Proto-Germanic *wintruz (“winter”). Akin to English winter.


Hallvard

hall + -vard; from Old Norse Hallvarðr, from hallr (“stone”) + -varðr, cf. vǫrðr (“guardian”). Cognate with Faroese and Icelandic Hallvarður. Doublet of Hallvord, Halvor.


rugur

(non-standard since 1917) indefinite plural of ruge


hæra

hærer (present)
hærte (past)
hært (participle past)
hærast (infinitive passive)
hærande (participle present)
hær (imperative)


hæra

hæra (definite singular)
hærer (indefinite plural)
hæror (indefinite plural)
hærene (definite plural)
hærone (definite plural)


lugg

luggen (definite singular)
luggar (indefinite plural)
luggane (definite plural)

(footwear, rare) a long sock with a fabric sole sewn in, used especially to walk on dry snow

an animal or human being with a sizable, burly body


lugg

lugget (definite singular)
lugg (indefinite plural)
lugga (definite plural)


kubansk

kubansk (neuter singular kubansk, definite singular and plural kubanske)

kubansk (neuter singular)
kubanske (definite plural singular)


indisk

indisk (neuter singular indisk, definite singular and plural indiske)

indisk (neuter singular)
indiske (definite plural singular)

Indian (relating to India and the Indian people)


sandstrand

sandstrand f (definite singular sandstranda, indefinite plural sandstrender, definite plural sandstrendene)

sandstranda (definite singular)
sandstrender (indefinite plural)
sandstrendene (definite plural)


colombiansk

colombiansk (neuter singular colombiansk, definite singular and plural colombianske)

colombiansk (neuter singular)
colombianske (definite plural singular)

Colombian (relating to Colombia and Colombians)


substans

substansen (definite singular)
substansar (indefinite plural)
substansane (definite plural)


slovakisk

slovakisk (neuter singular slovakisk, definite singular and plural slovakiske)

slovakisk (neuter singular)
slovakiske (definite plural singular)


kurve

kurva (definite singular)
kurver (indefinite plural)
kurvene (definite plural)


stiga

stiga (present tense stig, past tense steig, supine stige, past participle stigen, present participle stigande, imperative stig)

stig (present)
steig (past)
stige (supine)
stigen (participle past)
stigande (participle present)
stig (imperative)

Prisane stig.

Fuglen steig til vers.

Det hadde begynt å regne då eg steig av bussen med koffertane mine […]

It had started raining when I stepped off the bus with my suitcases […]

to step (take a step), get on or get off (bus, train)


gummi

gummi m (definite singular gummien, indefinite plural gummiar, definite plural gummiane)

gummien (definite singular)
gummiar (indefinite plural)
gummiane (definite plural)


reddast

nn-verb

reddast (present tense reddast, past tense reddast, past participle reddast, imperative reddast)

reddast (present)
reddast (past)
reddast (participle past)
reddast (imperative)

From Old Norse hræðast, a late reflexive of Old Norse hræða.

Reddast ikkje! Dette kjem til å gå bra.


sanda

sandar (present)
sanda (past)
sanda (participle past)
sandast (infinitive passive)
sandande (participle present)
sanda (imperative)
sand (imperative)


sanda

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.


sam-

Inherited from Old Norse sam- (“together, con-”). Related to same.


-leg

-leg (indefinite singular)
-lege (definite plural singular)
-legare (comparative)
-legast (indefinite superlative)
-legaste (definite superlative)


anga

angar (present)
anga (past)
anga (participle past)
angast (infinitive passive)
angande (participle present)
anga (imperative)
ang (imperative)


jeger

jegeren (definite singular)
jegerar (indefinite plural)
jegerane (definite plural)

From Middle Low German jeger, from jagen.


mumie

mumien (definite singular)
mumiar (indefinite plural)
mumiane (definite plural)


jage

jagar (present)
jaga (past)
jaga (participle past)
jagast (infinitive passive)
jagande (participle present)
jage (imperative)
jag (imperative)


trilling

trillingen (definite singular)
trillingar (indefinite plural)
trillingane (definite plural)

triplet (one of three siblings born at the same time of the same mother)


kontrast

kontrasten (definite singular)
kontrastar (indefinite plural)
kontrastane (definite plural)

From Latin contrastare, from contra, via Italian contrasto and French contraste.


radiolog

radiologen (definite singular)
radiologar (indefinite plural)
radiologane (definite plural)


Nanna

From Old Norse Nanna, from Proto-Germanic *nanþ- (“brave, daring”). The given name may also have other origins.

(Norse mythology) Nanna (Nepsdóttir), the wife of Balder.


modell

modellen (definite singular)
modellar (indefinite plural)
modellane (definite plural)

From Latin modulus, via Italian modello.


nót

nóta (definite singular)
nøter (indefinite plural)
nøtene (definite plural)

(pre-2012) alternative form of not (“net, seine”)


nót

nóta (definite singular)
nóter (indefinite plural)
nótene (definite plural)

(pre-2012) alternative form of not (“groove”)


karneval

karnevalet (definite singular)
karneval (indefinite plural)
karnevala (definite plural)


raute

rautar (present)
rauta (past)
rauta (participle past)
rautast (infinitive passive)
rautande (participle present)
raute (imperative)
raut (imperative)


morsarv

morsarven (definite singular)
morsarvar (indefinite plural)
morsarvane (definite plural)


moromann

moromannen (definite singular)
moromenn (indefinite plural)
moromennene (definite plural)


morsdag

morsdagen (definite singular)
morsdagar (indefinite plural)
morsdagane (definite plural)


mjau

mjauet (definite singular)
mjau (indefinite plural)
mjaua (definite plural)


amfetamin

amfetaminet (definite singular)
amfetamin (indefinite plural)
amfetamina (definite plural)

From English amphetamine, contraction of alpha-methylphenethylamine.


akilleshæl

head

akilleshæl m (definite singular akilleshælen, indefinite plural akilleshælar, definite plural akilleshælane)

akilleshælen (definite singular)
akilleshælar (indefinite plural)
akilleshælane (definite plural)


brakk

brakk (neuter singular brakt, definite singular and plural brakke)

brakt (neuter singular)
brakke (definite plural singular)


liturgi

liturgien (definite singular)
liturgiar (indefinite plural)
liturgiane (definite plural)

From Ancient Greek λειτουργία (leitourgía), via Latin liturgia.


hette

hetta (definite singular)
hetter (indefinite plural)
hettene (definite plural)


pga.

på grunn av
på grunn av#Norwegian_Nynorsk

Abbreviation of på grunn av (“because of, due to”).


e.l.

Abbreviation of eller liknande (“or similar; or the like”).


gadd

gadden (definite singular)
gaddar (indefinite plural)
gaddane (definite plural)

Inherited from Old Norse gaddr, from Proto-Germanic *gazdaz, probably from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰazdʰ-, *ǵʰast-.


d.e.

Abbreviation of det er (“that is”): i.e.


d.e.

Abbreviation of den eldre: senior, the elder


bl.a.

blant andre
blant andre#Norwegian_Nynorsk


sårbar

sårbar (neuter singular sårbart, definite singular and plural sårbare)

sårbart (neuter singular)
sårbare (definite plural singular)


klyva

klyva (present tense klyv, past tense klauv, supine klove, past participle kloven, present participle klyvande, imperative klyv)

klyv (present)
klauv (past)
klove (supine)
kloven (participle past)
klyvande (participle present)
klyv (imperative)


kvass

kvassen (definite singular)
kvassar (indefinite plural)
kvassane (definite plural)


kvass

kvass (neuter singular kvast, definite singular and plural kvasse, comparative kvassare, indefinite superlative kvassast, definite superlative kvassaste)

kvast (neuter singular)
kvasse (definite plural singular)
kvassare (comparative)
kvassast (indefinite superlative)
kvassaste (definite superlative)

Sæl er den Rike her i Verdi, som gjever den Fatike Korn: han tarv ikki ræddast paa Ødrum-Ferdi for kvasse Stutehorn.

1861, Aasmund Olavsson Vinje, Ferdaminni fraa Sumaren 1860 (quote from the Draumkvedet):

Happy is the rich one here in the world, who gives grain to the poor one: he shall not be afraid of the sharp ox horns on the Second Travel (after death)


blei

bleien (definite singular)
bleiar (indefinite plural)
bleiane (definite plural)


relativ

relativ (neuter singular relativt, definite singular and plural relative)

relativt (neuter singular)
relative (definite plural singular)


naboland

nabolandet (definite singular)
naboland (indefinite plural)
nabolanda (definite plural)

neighbouring country (UK), or neighboring country (US)


såre

sårar (present)
såra (past)
såra (participle past)
sårast (infinitive passive)
sårande (participle present)
såre (imperative)
sår (imperative)


idédugnad

idédugnaden (definite singular)
idédugnader (indefinite plural)
idédugnadar (indefinite plural)
idédugnadene (definite plural)
idédugnadane (definite plural)


idémyldring

idémyldringa (definite singular)
idémyldringar (indefinite plural)
idémyldringane (definite plural)


nasjonaldag

nasjonaldag m (definite singular nasjonaldagen, indefinite plural nasjonaldagar, definite plural nasjonaldagane)

nasjonaldagen (definite singular)
nasjonaldagar (indefinite plural)
nasjonaldagane (definite plural)


dadda

daddaa (definite singular)
daddaer (indefinite plural)
daddaene (definite plural)


hjelpe

hjelper (present)
hjelpte (past)
hjelpt (participle past)
hjelpast (infinitive passive)
hjelpande (participle present)
hjelp (imperative)


nasjonal

nasjonal (neuter singular nasjonalt, definite singular and plural nasjonale)

nasjonalt (neuter singular)
nasjonale (definite plural singular)


hjell

hjellen (definite singular)
hjellar (indefinite plural)
hjellane (definite plural)

From Old Norse hjallr m, from Proto-Germanic *helþaz.


vable

vabla (definite singular)
vabler (indefinite plural)
vablene (definite plural)


verdig

verdig (neuter singular verdig, definite singular and plural verdige, comparative verdigare, indefinite superlative verdigast, definite superlative verdigaste)

verdig (neuter singular)
verdige (definite plural singular)
verdigare (comparative)
verdigast (indefinite superlative)
verdigaste (definite superlative)

From Old Norse verðugr. Compare Danish værdig and Swedish värdig


amin

aminet (definite singular)
amin (indefinite plural)
amina (definite plural)


bety

betyr (present)
betydde (past)
betytt (participle past)
betydd (participle past)
bety (imperative)

From Norwegian Bokmål bety, from Middle Low German beduden.

Det er neppe det det betyr.

Dette betyr mykje for meg.


EDB

(computing) EDP; Initialism of elektronisk databehandling.


bryte

bryte (present tense bryt, past tense braut, supine brote, past participle broten, present participle brytande, imperative bryt)

bryt (present)
braut (past)
brote (supine)
broten (participle past)
brytande (participle present)
bryt (imperative)


teksteditor

teksteditoren (definite singular)
teksteditorar (indefinite plural)
teksteditorane (definite plural)


tekste

tekstar (present)
teksta (past)
teksta (participle past)
tekstast (infinitive passive)
tekstande (participle present)
tekste (imperative)
tekst (imperative)


dabbe

dabbar (present)
dabba (past)
dabba (participle past)
dabbast (infinitive passive)
dabbande (participle present)
dabbe (imperative)
dabb (imperative)


amøbe

amøben (definite singular)
amøbar (indefinite plural)
amøbane (definite plural)

amoeba; ameba (US) (genus of unicellular protozoa)


daddel

daddelen (definite singular)
dadlar (indefinite plural)
dadlane (definite plural)

From Ancient Greek δάκτυλος (dáktulos, “finger”), via Middle Low German dadele.


hjelm

hjelmen (definite singular)
hjelmar (indefinite plural)
hjelmane (definite plural)

From Old Norse hjalmr (“helmet”), from Proto-Germanic *helmaz. Akin to English helm.


elektronisk

head

elektronisk (neuter singular elektronisk, definite singular and plural elektroniske)

elektronisk (neuter singular)
elektroniske (definite plural singular)


jøtul

jøtulen (definite singular)
jøtlar (indefinite plural)
jøtlane (definite plural)

From Old Norse jǫtunn, from Proto-Germanic *etunaz. Doublet of jette and jotun.

jotun

Old Norse semi-learned an learned borrowings

(folklore) mountain-dwelling giant; giant living inside a mountain


anomi

From French anomie, from Ancient Greek ἀνομία (anomía).


flyge

flyge (present tense flyg, past tense flaug, supine floge, past participle flogen, present participle flygande, imperative flyg)

flyg (present)
flaug (past)
floge (supine)
flogen (participle past)
flygande (participle present)
flyg (imperative)


flyge

flyget (definite singular)
flyge (indefinite plural)
flyga (definite plural)


nabolag

nabolaget (definite singular)
nabolag (indefinite plural)
nabolaga (definite plural)


anoksisk

anoksisk (neuter singular anoksisk, definite singular and plural anoksiske)

anoksisk (neuter singular)
anoksiske (definite plural singular)

From Latin an and oksygen, equivalent to an- + oksygen + -isk.


flyte

flyte (present tense flyt, past tense flaut, supine flote, past participle floten, present participle flytande, imperative flyt)

flyt (present)
flaut (past)
flote (supine)
floten (participle past)
flytande (participle present)
flyt (imperative)

From Old Norse fljóta, from Proto-Germanic *fleutaną. Cognates include English fleet, Dutch vlieten, German fließen, Icelandic fljóta, Faroese flóta, and Danish flyde. Ultimately from the Proto-Indo-European root *plewd- (“to flow, run”).


flyte

flyter (present)
flytte (past)
flytt (participle past)
flytast (infinitive passive)
flytande (participle present)
flyt (imperative)

From Old Norse flýta, a factitive of the adjective fljótr (Modern Norwegian Nynorsk fljot and fløt).


byde

byde (present tense byd or byder, past tense baud or bydde, past participle bode or bydd or bydt, present participle bydande, imperative byd)

byd (present)
byder (present)
baud (past)
bydde (past)
bode (participle past)
bydd (participle past)
bydt (participle past)
bydande (participle present)
byd (imperative)


iver

From Middle Low German îver, via Danish iver.


ansvar

ansvaret (definite singular)
ansvar (indefinite plural)
ansvara (definite plural)

From Old Norse andsvar, from and- (“against, opposing”) and svar (“answer, reply”) (Proto-Germanic *andaswarō). Compare with English answer.


akvarium

akvariet (definite singular)
akvarium (indefinite plural)
akvaria (definite plural)

From Latin aquarium, neuter of aquarius.


kandidat

kandidaten (definite singular)
kandidatar (indefinite plural)
kandidatane (definite plural)

Learned borrowing from Latin candidatus.

(hospitals) house officer; house surgeon


korsett

korsett n (definite singular korsettet, indefinite plural korsett, definite plural korsetta)

korsettet (definite singular)
korsett (indefinite plural)
korsetta (definite plural)


telje

tel (present)
talde (past)
talt (participle past)
teljast (infinitive passive)
teljande (participle present)
tel (imperative)


mektig

mektig (indefinite singular)
mektige (definite plural singular)
mektigare (comparative)
mektigast (indefinite superlative)
mektigaste (definite superlative)

From a late Old Norse mektugr, borrowed from Middle Low German mechtich, from Old Saxon mahtig, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *mahtīgaz. Compare Swedish mäktig and Danish mægtig.


provisorium

provisoriet (definite singular)
provisorium (indefinite plural)
provisoria (definite plural)


forresten

From for + resten (“definite singular of rest”).

af

definite singular of <i class="Latn mention" lang="nn">rest</i>

by the way; however; moreover; besides; as a matter of fact; otherwise


forretning

forretninga (definite singular)
forretningar (indefinite plural)
forretningane (definite plural)


lippa

lippa (definite singular)
lipper (indefinite plural)
lippor (indefinite plural)
lippene (definite plural)
lippone (definite plural)

definite singular of lippe (non-standard since 2012)


vandre

vandrar (present)
vandra (past)
vandra (participle past)
vandrast (infinitive passive)
vandrande (participle present)
vandre (imperative)
vandr (imperative)

e-infinitive form of vandra (in dialects with e-infinitive or split infinitive)


olabil

olabilen (definite singular)
olabilar (indefinite plural)
olabilane (definite plural)


låve

låven (definite singular)
låvar (indefinite plural)
låvane (definite plural)


oldfrue

oldfrua (definite singular)
oldfruer (indefinite plural)
oldfruene (definite plural)


jødisk

jødisk (indefinite singular)
jødiske (definite plural singular)
meir jødisk (comparative)
mest jødisk (superlative)


Hjørdis

hjør (“sword”) + dis (“goddess”); from Old Norse Hjǫrdís. Cognate with Icelandic Hjördís and Swedish Hjördis.


plebei

plebeien (definite singular)
plebeiar (indefinite plural)
plebeiane (definite plural)


moden

mode (neuter)
modent (neuter)
modne (definite plural singular)
modnare (comparative)
modnast (indefinite superlative)
modnaste (definite superlative)


oldemor

oldemora (definite singular)
oldemødrer (indefinite plural)
oldemødrene (definite plural)

From Middle Low German. Equivalent to olde- + mor.


taus

taust (neuter)
tause (definite plural singular)
tausare (comparative)
tausast (indefinite superlative)
tausaste (definite superlative)


taus

tausa (definite singular)
tauser (indefinite plural)
tausene (definite plural)


turkis

turkist (neuter)
turkise (definite plural singular)


turkis

turkisen (definite singular)
turkisar (indefinite plural)
turkisane (definite plural)


orientering

orienteringa (definite singular)
orienteringar (indefinite plural)
orienteringane (definite plural)


når

Når kjem du heim frå jobb?


når

From Old Norse nær, hvé nær, through når som.

Når det regnar, blir eg våt.

when, whenever, every time (of regular occurrences)


lande

landar (present)
landa (past)
landa (participle past)
landast (infinitive passive)
landande (participle present)
lande (imperative)
land (imperative)

Det landar eit fly her kvar time

(intransitive) to land, to arrive at a surface, either from air or water

Land helikopteret før du havnar i dødslysingane!

Land the helicopter before you end up in the obituaries!

Vi landa kontrakten!

(transitive) to land, bring to land
(by extension) to get


gaule

head

gaule (imperative gaul, present tense gaular, simple past gaula, past participle gaula)

gaul (imperative)
gaular (present)
gaula (past)
gaula (participle past)


ollo

From Old Norse ǫllu, neuter dative singular of allr (“all”).

(with comparative or superlative) very, most of all


veke

veka (definite singular)
veker (indefinite plural)
vekene (definite plural)

Inherited from Old Norse vika (“week”), from Proto-Germanic *wikǭ (“turn, succession”), from Proto-Indo-European *weyg- (“to bend, wind”). Related to Proto-Germanic *wīkaną (“to bend, yield”).


vatteppe

vatteppet (definite singular)
vatteppe (indefinite plural)
vatteppa (definite plural)


wattsekund

wattsekundet (definite singular)
wattsekund (indefinite plural)
wattsekunda (definite plural)


ugge

uggen (definite singular)
uggar (indefinite plural)
uggane (definite plural)

Related to ugg (“spike”) and egg (“edge of a sword; mountain arête”).


karakteristika

(non-standard since 2012) indefinite plural of karakteristikon

(non-standard since 2012) indefinite plural of karakteristikum

(non-standard since 2012) definite plural of karakteristikon

(non-standard since 2012) definite plural of karakteristikum


organisk

head

organisk (neuter singular organisk, definite singular and plural organiske)

organisk (neuter singular)
organiske (definite plural singular)


mytologi

mytologien (definite singular)
mytologiar (indefinite plural)
mytologiane (definite plural)

From Ancient Greek μυθολογία (muthología, “legend”), μῦθος (mûthos, “story”) + -logi.


vaksi

(non-standard since 2012) feminine singular of vaksen

(non-standard since 2012) neuter singular of vaksen


vaksi

(non-standard since 2012) past participle of veksa


orkester

orkesteret (definite singular)
orkester (indefinite plural)
orkestera (definite plural)

From Ancient Greek ὀρχήστρα (orkhḗstra).


bygg

bygget (definite singular)
byggen (definite singular)


bygg

bygget (definite singular)
bygg (indefinite plural)
bygga (definite plural)


epletre

epletreet (definite singular)
epletre (indefinite plural)
epletrea (definite plural)


åtsel

åtselet (definite singular)
åtsel (indefinite plural)
åtsla (definite plural)


butikk

butikken (definite singular)
butikkar (indefinite plural)
butikkane (definite plural)

From French boutique. Doublet of apotek.


åker

åkeren (definite singular)
åkrar (indefinite plural)
åkrane (definite plural)

From Old Norse akr, ákr, from Proto-Germanic *akraz (“field”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éǵros (“field”). Akin to English acre.

Me pløgde åkeren i går, so no er me klare til å så.

We ploughed the field yesterday, so now we are ready to sow.

(agriculture) a field (wide, open space that is usually used to grow crops)


makro

makroen (definite singular)
makroar (indefinite plural)
makroane (definite plural)

From English macro, short for macroinstruction.


jorde

jordet (definite singular)
jorde (indefinite plural)
jorda (definite plural)

From eastern Middle Norwegian gjorde, from Old Norse gerði.


jorde

jordar (present)
jorda (past)
jorda (participle past)
jordast (infinitive passive)
jordande (participle present)
jorde (imperative)
jord (imperative)

From Old Norse jarða, with its vowel probably influenced by jord from Old Norse jǫrð.

(transitive, electricity) to connect electrically to the earth; to earth (UK); to ground (US)


åk

åket (definite singular)
åk (indefinite plural)
åka (definite plural)

From Old Norse ok, from Proto-Germanic *juką, from Proto-Indo-European *yugóm. Cognate with English yoke, Latin iugum (English jugular), Sanskrit युग (yugá, “yoke, team”), Old Church Slavonic иго (igo) (whence Russian иго (igo)), Persian یوق (yowq). Compare English yoga. Doublet of yoga.


apal

apalen (definite singular)
aplar (indefinite plural)
aplane (definite plural)

From a common dialectal form of apald (see that).


reise

reisa (definite singular)
reiser (indefinite plural)
reisene (definite plural)

From Middle Low German reise (“travel”).


reise

reiser (present)
reiste (past)
reist (participle past)
reisast (infinitive passive)
reisande (participle present)
reis (imperative)


impulsiv

impulsivt (neuter)
impulsive (definite plural singular)


fysiologi

fysiologien (definite singular)
fysiologiar (indefinite plural)
fysiologiane (definite plural)

From Ancient Greek φύσις (phúsis, “nature”) + -logi.


smør

From Old Norse smjǫr, smør, from Proto-Germanic *smerwą.


svømme

head

svømme (present tense svømmer, past tense svømde or svømte, past participle svømt, present participle svømmande, imperative svøm)

svømmer (present)
svømde (past)
svømte (past)
svømt (participle past)
svømmande (participle present)
svøm (imperative)


epitafium

epitafiet (definite singular)
epitafium (indefinite plural)
epitafia (definite plural)


åkle

åkleet (definite singular)
åkle (indefinite plural)
åklea (definite plural)

From Old Norse áklæði, Middle Norwegian áklædi.

Aaklæde

Glossarium Norvagicum of E. Pontoppidan, 1749


åsyn

åsynet (definite singular)
åsyn (indefinite plural)
åsyna (definite plural)


kaldera

kalderaen (definite singular)
kalderaer (indefinite plural)
kalderaar (indefinite plural)
kalderaene (definite plural)
kalderaane (definite plural)


sagde

(non-standard since 2012) past tense of seia


seie

nn-verb

seie (present tense seier, past tense sa, past participle sagt, passive infinitive seiast, present participle seiande, imperative sei)

seier (present)
sa (past)
sagt (participle past)
seiast (infinitive passive)
seiande (participle present)
sei (imperative)

From Old Norse segja, from Proto-Germanic *sagjaną, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ-. Akin to English say.

Kva skal du seie dei?


intim

head

intim (neuter singular intimt, definite singular and plural intime)

intimt (neuter singular)
intime (definite plural singular)


maskara

maskara m (definite singular maskaraen, indefinite plural maskaraer, definite plural maskaraene)

maskaraen (definite singular)
maskaraer (indefinite plural)
maskaraene (definite plural)


autolyse

autolysen (definite singular)
autolysar (indefinite plural)
autolysane (definite plural)


rosévin

rosévinen (definite singular)
rosevinen (definite singular)
rosévinar (indefinite plural)
rosevinar (indefinite plural)
rosévinane (definite plural)
rosevinane (definite plural)


synkrongir

synkrongiret (definite singular)
synkrongir (indefinite plural)
synkrongira (definite plural)

synkron (“synchronous”) + gir (“transmission”)


annektere

annekterer (present)
annekterte (past)
annektert (participle past)
annekterast (infinitive passive)
annekterande (participle present)
annekter (imperative)


Asgeir

From Old Norse Ásgeirr with a shortened /a/ due to the following consonant cluster. See Åsgeir.

a male given name from Old Norse, variant of Åsgeir


demografi

From Ancient Greek δῆμος (dêmos, “people”) + -grafi.


filologi

head

filologi m (definite singular filologien)

From Ancient Greek φιλολογία (philología).


Senja

From Old Norse Senja f, of uncertain origin.

An island in Troms, the second-largest island in Norway (not including Svalbard)


allegorisk

allegorisk (neuter singular allegorisk, definite singular and plural allegoriske)

allegorisk (neuter singular)
allegoriske (definite plural singular)


anglofile

inflection of anglofil:
definite singular


rikaste

inflection of rik:
definite singular superlative degree

inflection of rik:
plural superlative degree


sminke

From German Schminke, with the verb from the noun.


sminke

sminkar (present)
sminka (past)
sminka (participle past)
sminkast (infinitive passive)
sminkande (participle present)
sminke (imperative)
smink (imperative)

(also reflexive) to make up (one's face; apply make-up)


oftalmologi

From Ancient Greek ὀφθαλμός (ophthalmós) + -logi.


spikka

spikka (present tense spikkar, past tense spikka, past participle spikka)

spikkar (present)
spikka (past)
spikka (participle past)

Han spikkar feler, sleiver og tregubbar

He makes fiddles, wood laddles and wood statuettes of old men


uheldig

uheldig (neuter singular uheldig, definite singular and plural uheldige)

uheldig (neuter singular)
uheldige (definite plural singular)


aure

auren (definite singular)
aurar (indefinite plural)
aurane (definite plural)

Inherited from Old Norse aurriði. Compare Danish ørred, Swedish öring and Norwegian Bokmål ørret.


barnemat

(figuratively) child's play, piece of cake


morsmjølk

From mor (“mother”) + -s- + mjølk (“milk”).


drammensar

drammensaren (definite singular)
drammensarar (indefinite plural)
drammensarane (definite plural)


mjølkesjokolade

mjølkesjokoladen (definite singular)
mjølkesjokoladar (indefinite plural)
mjølkesjokoladane (definite plural)

From mjølk (“milk”) + -e- + sjokolade (“chocolate”).


mjølke

mjølkar (present)
mjølka (past)
mjølka (participle past)
mjølkast (infinitive passive)
mjølkande (participle present)
mjølke (imperative)
mjølk (imperative)

e-infinitive form of mjølka (in dialects with e-infinitive or split infinitive)


mjølke

mjølken (definite singular)
mjølkar (indefinite plural)
mjølkane (definite plural)

From the noun mjølk (“milk”). The first sense is due to its whitish colour. The botanical senses have to do with an old belief that ingestion in cows was good for milk production.

(botany) willowherb (plant of the genus Epilobium)

Chamaenerion angustifolium
Chamaenerion angustifolium#Translingual

(botany) fireweed (Chamaenerion angustifolium)


høgnorsk

head

høgnorsk m (definite singular høgnorsken)

[²høʷːɡ.nɞ̞r̥sk]

[²høːɡ.nɞ̞ʃk]

[²høːɡ.nɞ̞ʂk]

From høg + norsk, meaning High Norwegian.

Høgnorsk (unofficial and little-used form of Nynorsk)


spesiell

spesiell (neuter singular spesielt, definite singular and plural spesielle, comparative meir spesiell, superlative mest spesiell)

spesielt (neuter singular)
spesielle (definite plural singular)
meir spesiell (comparative)
mest spesiell (superlative)

From French spécial, via German spezial (old form) or speziell.


fantasi

fantasien (definite singular)
fantasiar (indefinite plural)
fantasiane (definite plural)

Ultimately from Ancient Greek φαντασία (phantasía)


mengde

mengda (definite singular)
mengder (indefinite plural)
mengdene (definite plural)


slik

slik m or f (neuter slikt, plural slike)

Slikt har me ikkje.


slik

Me ser det ikkje slik.


gjerning

gjerninga (definite singular)
gjerningar (indefinite plural)
gjerningane (definite plural)


t.o.m.

Abbreviation of til og med (“up to and including”).


klase

klasen (definite singular)
klasar (indefinite plural)
klasane (definite plural)


dumheit

dumheita (definite singular)
dumheiter (indefinite plural)
dumheitene (definite plural)


israelar

israelaren (definite singular)
israelarar (indefinite plural)
israelarane (definite plural)


tadsjikar

tadsjikaren (definite singular)
tadsjikarar (indefinite plural)
tadsjikarane (definite plural)


tanzaniar

tanzaniaren (definite singular)
tanzaniarar (indefinite plural)
tanzaniarane (definite plural)


taiwanar

taiwanaren (definite singular)
taiwanarar (indefinite plural)
taiwanarane (definite plural)


affeksjon

affeksjonen (definite singular)
affeksjonar (indefinite plural)
affeksjonane (definite plural)


advis

advisen (definite singular)
advisar (indefinite plural)
advisane (definite plural)

From French avis and Middle French advis.


afasi

From Ancient Greek ἀφασία (aphasía), from ἄφατος (áphatos, “speechless”), from ἀ- (a-, “not”) + φάσις (phásis, “speech”).


mjølk

mjølka (definite singular)
mjølker (indefinite plural)
mjølkene (definite plural)

Inherited from Old Norse mjolk, mjǫlk, from Proto-Germanic *meluks, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂melǵ-. Cognate with Danish mælk, Faroese mjólk, Icelandic mjólk, Swedish mjölk, Dutch melk, English milk, German Milch, German Low German Melk, West Frisian molke, Yiddish מילך (milkh).

(botany) juice (from plants that look like milk)


rikssynsar

rikssynsaren (definite singular)
rikssynsarar (indefinite plural)
rikssynsarane (definite plural)

First used in Norwegian in 1984, from Swedish rikstyckare, from riks- (“pertaining to rike (“kingdom, realm, empire”)”) + synsar, from synast.

prefix

pertaining to <i class="Latn mention" lang="sv">rike</i> (“kingdom, realm, empire”)

(colloquial, derogatory) One who regularly engages in synsing in the national (Norwegian) media.


synsar

synsaren (definite singular)
synsarar (indefinite plural)
synsarane (definite plural)

One who regularly engages in synsing in the media.


teofani

teofanien (definite singular)
teofaniar (indefinite plural)
teofaniane (definite plural)

From Ancient Greek θεός (theós) + φαίνω (phaínō, “I shine, appear”).