vi

Hvordan kommer vi dit?


du

From Old Norse þú (“you”), from Proto-Germanic *þū (“you”), from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂ (“you”).


jeg

From Danish jeg, from Old Norse ek (Old East Norse jek). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂.

I (first-person singular personal pronoun)


ho

(nonstandard, dialectal) she (form removed with the spelling reform of 2005; superseded by hun)


hen

head

<i class="Latn mention" lang="en">possessive</i>

hen (third person singular gender-neutral personal pronoun, possessive hens)

Hvis noen kjører over fartsgrensen, må hen betale en bot.

If someone exceeds the speed limit, they must pay a fine.

Kommer studenten for sent, må hen vente ute.

If the student comes too late, they have to wait outside.

Har du nummeret hens?


den

it; third person singular, masculine/feminine gender. Nominative, accusative or dative.


det

Er det det det er? Det er det det er.

it; third person singular, neuter gender. Nominative, accusative or dative.


å

(dialectal) what (interrogative pronoun)


alle

Dette gjelder alle.


alt

alt kan skje


ka

form removed with the spelling reform of 1959; superseded by hva


a

From Old Norse hana (“her”), accusative form of hón (“she”), from Proto-Norse [script needed] (*hān-), from a prefixed form of Proto-Germanic *ainaz (“one; some”), from Proto-Indo-European *óynos (“one; single”).

inh

jagu slår a ja. Og det så det kjens. Forleden dag ga hun meg en knallende ørefik

she can certainly punch. And so you feel it. The other day she gave me a popping slap to the ear

hu kunne ikke henge på seg så mye som et enrada perlebånd, uten at a måtte skotte opp i skyene for å høre hva den aller høyeste mente

1989, Bergljot Hobæk Haff, Den guddommelige tragedie:

she could not put on as much as a single string of pearls, without having to shoot up into the clouds to hear what the very highest one meant

(dialectal, used enclitically after a conjunction or subjunction) she

hos Hansens laa dem te klokka var ni, og 10 var a mange ganger ogsaa

at Hansen's they laid until nine o'clock, and 10 she was many times too

hvor ligger a [duskeluen] henne?

1954, Agnar Mykle, Lasso rundt fru Luna, page 476:

hvor er a katta di?

(dialectal, about grammatically feminine animals or objects) it, she

hva gjorde du med a?

jeg [skrev] klaverstykker … en lille scherzo med nordisk motiv … «gjenta» og «Jørgen Matros», som gjør kur til ’a og «Ola Spelman» som hun foretrækker

1847–1868, Halfdan Kjerulf, Av hans efterladte papirer, page 245:

I [wrote] piano pieces… a small scherzo with a Nordic motif… «gjenta» and «Jørgen Matros», which makes cure for her and «Ola Spelman» which she prefers

[klokkeren] skulle da koste paa a amen

1875, Alexander Erbe, Fra skjærgaarden, page 23:

[the clockmaker] would then cost her amen

jeg kan da gjerne skjære litt mat til a

1921, Sigrid Undset, Samlede romaner og fortællinger fra nutiden I, page 6:

han stakk henne med kniven, riktig kylt’n midt i magan på a

1931, Aksel Sandemose, En sjømann går i land, page 19:

he stabbed her with the knife, really threw in the middle of her stomach

flere enn deg i hvert fall, di lørje, svarte jeg og så a midt i aua

more than you at least, you skank, I answered and looked her in the eye

(dialectal, used enclitically) her; object form of hun (=she)

hvis katta stikker av, må du fange a!

if the cat runs away, you need to catch her!

naar kjærka ikke kan holde arbejderne i ave [age], aa faen skal vi saa me’a

1895, Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson, Over Ævne II, page 136:

when the church can not keep the workers in duty, what the hell do we do with her then

(dialectal, about grammatically feminine animals or objects) it, her

ta a Guldborg

1921, Sigrid Undset, Samlede romaner og fortællinger fra nutiden V, page 96:

har du glemt a mamma

1921, Sigrid Undset, Samlede romaner og fortællinger fra nutiden V, page 64:

a Paula kom plystrende hjem

2015, Rudolf Nilsen, Samlede dikt, page 88:

a tante Karen, mor hennes Reidun, hadde ordne med sengeplasser i stua, Booken på en divan og a Rita på flatseng på golvet

2015 December 3, Gerd Nyland, “Fire år uten radio”, in Oppland Arbeiderblad, archived from the original on 2023-01-28:

aunt Karen, her mother Reidun, had arranged beds in the living room, Booken on a daybed and Rita on a flat bed on the floor

(dialectal, used proclitically with a woman's name or female relation) she, her


I

From Danish I, from Old East Norse *īʀ, from Proto-Germanic *jūz. Cognate with Swedish ni, Norwegian Nynorsk de, Faroese tær, and Icelandic þér.

(rare, archaic) ye: a second-person plural nominative pronoun


hu

henne (accusative)
hennes (genitive)
hun (alternative)

(Non-standard since 1959) she, (third person singular, feminine)


ingen

head

ingen (feminine inga, masculine ingen, neuter intet, plural ingen)

inga (feminine)
ingen (masculine)
intet (neuter)
ingen (plural)


andre

alle andre (with object): all other; (without object): everybody else, everyone else


jer

From Danish jer, from older eder, from Old Danish idher, from Old East Norse iðʀ, from Proto-Germanic *izwiz. Cognate with Swedish eder, er, Norwegian Nynorsk øder, ør, and Icelandic yður.

(rare or archaic) second person plural objective case – you, yourselves


kem

form removed with the spelling reform of 1959; superseded by hvem


dere

From Norwegian dialectal dere, a variant of der, from Middle Norwegian *þiðr. Borrowed from Old East Norse iðʀ with added þ- from the verb ending in second person plural. Replaced older I (nominative) and eder (accusative).

(personal) you (2nd person plural subject pronoun)


mang

mang f or m (neuter mangt, plural mange)

From Danish mang, mangen, from Old Danish mang.

In theory the base form of mange (“many”). Only used in the phrases mang ei f, mang en m, and mangt et.


seg

seg sjøl

Den greia klarer seg sjøl.

Han trur på seg sjøl.

Hun trur på seg sjøl.

(with verb) oneself; itself; himself/herself

De trur på seg sjøl.


hva

From Danish hvad, from Old Norse hvat, from Proto-Germanic *hwat, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷód, *kʷod.


niks

From Low German niks (“nothing”) and German nichts.


hvem

From Danish hvem, from Old Norse hveim. Known in a runic spelling as huem (with a bind rune) in a magical manuscript from around 1650.

Hvem gjorde det?

Hvem er du?

Hvem spurte du?

Av hvem?

(dated, relative after a preposition) who, whom


noe

From Norwegian dialectal noe, a g-less form of nogo (cf. noo), from Old Norse nǫkkut n. Replaced older nogen, from Danish nogen. Cognate with Swedish något, Norwegian Nynorsk noko, nokot, and Icelandic nokkuð.

Hun var ikke redd for noe.


selv

From Danish selv, from Old Norse sjalfr, from Proto-Germanic *selbaz, from Proto-Indo-European *selbʰ- (“one's own”), from *s(w)e- (“separate, apart”).

inh

also as, for example: ham selv (himself)

(in the singular) myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself

(in the plural) ourselves, yourselves, themselves


hvis

From Old Norse hvess (genitive of hvat).


hvilken

head

hvilken (neuter singular hvilket, plural hvilke)

hvilket (neuter singular)
hvilke (plural)

From Old Norse hvílíkr, from Proto-Germanic *hwilīkaz.


intet

nothing (not any thing)


eder

From Danish eder, from Old Danish idher, from Old East Norse iðʀ, from Proto-Germanic *izwiz. Cognate with Swedish eder, er, Norwegian Nynorsk øder, ør, and Icelandic yður.

Sannelig, sannelig sier jeg eder: Den som tror, har evig liv.

Verily, verily, I say unto you, He that believe, hath everlasting life.

(rare or archaic) accusative second-person pronoun, plural or in deferent speech (accusative of I)


hverandre

each other, one another (reciprocal pronoun)


meg selv

myself (first-person reflexive singular personal pronoun)


vedkommende

Hvis noen kjører over fartsgrensen, må vedkommende betale en bot.

If someone speeds, they must pay a fine.

A gender-neutral third-person singular personal pronoun

the subject (the person, whom the conversation is about)


hvems

whose (form removed with the spelling reform of 2005; superseded by hvis)


den og den

various determined but not specified people; a placeholder or generic person; a so-and-so