أنا

Enclitic forms: ـي (-i/-y), ـني (-ni)

I (first person singular subject pronoun)


دولار

apc-noun

دولار • (dōlār) m (plural دولارات (dōlārāt))


قط

قط • (ʔaṭṭ) m (plural قَطَط (ʔaṭaṭ) or قْطَاط (ʔṭāṭ), feminine قَطَّة (qaṭṭa))

ʔaṭṭ (romanization)
قَطَط (plural)
قْطَاط (plural)
قَطَّة (feminine)

Cognate with Classical Syriac ܩܛܘ (qaṭṭu) and Arabic قِطّ (qiṭṭ)


و

Alternative spelling of ـه after a consonant


حمار

حمار • (ḥmār) m (plural حَمِير (ḥamīr), feminine حمَارَة (ḥmāra))

ḥmār (romanization)
حَمِير (plural)
حمَارَة (feminine)


حمار

apc-adjective

حمار • (ḥmār) (feminine حمَارَة (ḥmāra), masculine plural حَمِير (ḥamīr), elative أَحمَر (ʾaḥmar))

ḥmār (romanization)
حمَارَة (feminine)
حَمِير (masculine plural)
أَحمَر (elative)


عين

apc-noun

عين • (ʕayn, ʕēn) f (dual عينتين (ʕayntayn, ʕēntēn), plural عيون (ʕyūn) or عينين (ʕaynayn, ʕēnēn))

ʕayn (romanization)
ʕēn (romanization)
عينتين (dual)
عيون (plural)
عينين (plural)


بنت

a female teenager or young woman, chiefly unmarried


انت

apc-pronoun

إنت • (ʔinta, ʔinte) m (enclitic form ـك (-ak, -k))

إنت (canonical)
ʔinta (romanization)
ʔinte (romanization)
ـك (enclitic)


الله

هوه ملحد، ما بيآمن بشي اسمو الله

Huwi mulḥid, ma biʾāmin bi-ši ismu Alla.

He’s an atheist, he doesn’t believe in such a thing as God.


من

min (romanization)
mn (romanization)
mni (romanization)

From Arabic مِن (min, “from, of, than”). Possibly conflated with Arabic مُنْذُ (munḏu, “since, for”) in some senses.

تعبت من الحكي

شفتك من كم يوم

من إيام المدرسة مش حاكيين

We haven't spoken since [our] school days.


من

من أنا وصغير

من نحنا وبالمدرسة مش حاكيين

We haven't spoken since we were in school.

since ... was/were; followed by a personal pronoun + و to express a now-untrue past state


من

المحل منو مفتوح

(false verb) not to be (always followed by a personal suffix)


ا

ـا (canonical)
-a (romanization)
-wa (romanization)
-ya (romanization)

Alternative spelling of ـها when it is not pronounced as “-ha”


ولد

apc-noun

ولد • (walad) m (plural ولاد (ulād) or صِبيان (ṣibyān) or صُبيان (ṣubyān))

walad (romanization)
ولاد (plural)
صِبيان (plural)
صُبيان (plural)


ال

Reduction of the definite relative pronoun اللي (lli) or its alternative form لي (li).

يَارَا الجّدَايِلهَا شُقْر


يوم

يوم • (yōm) m or f (plural إيام (ʾiyyām))


لسان

لسان • (lsān) m (plural لسانات (lsānāt))


أب

أب • (ʔabb) m (construct state أبو (ʔabu), plural أبات (ʔabbāt) or أبهات (ʔabbahāt) or أبوات (ʔabbawāt))

ʔabb (romanization)
أبو (construct)
أبات (plural)
أبهات (plural)
أبوات (plural)

Coordinate term: إم (ʔimm, “mother”)


سيف

سيف • (sēf) m


سيف

apc-verb

سيف • (sayyav) (non-past يسيف (ysayyiv))

Alternative form: سيڤ (sayyav)

سيفي هيدي الصورة

سيفت الپورپوينت

to save something, to write a file into a storage medium


وقت

waʔt (romanization)
أوقات (plural)
وئت (alternative)
وأت (alternative)


كلمة

apc-noun

كلمة • (kilme) f (dual كلمتين (kilimtayn), plural كلمات (kilmāt))

kilme (romanization)
كلمتين (dual)
كلمات (plural)


كرسي

كرسي • (kirsi) m (dual كرسيين (kirsiyyēn) or كرسيتين (kirsiyytēn), plural كراسي (karāsi))

kirsi (romanization)
كرسيين (dual)
كرسيتين (dual)
كراسي (plural)

Inherited from Arabic كُرْسِيّ (kursiyy).

inh+

Alternative form: كرسة (kirse)


أخت

apc-noun

أخت • (ʔuḵt) f

Alternative form of إخت (ʔiḵt, “sister”)


على

head

على • (ʕala)

مسافرين ع بيروت

Used with an adjective given the definite article, marking it as an adverb


معنى

معنى • (maʿna) m (plural معاني (maʿāni))


ع

From Arabic عَلَى (ʕalā, “on, about”) by haplology before the article ال (al-).


ك

ـك or ك • (-ak after consonant or -k after vowel) m

ـك (canonical)
ك (canonical)
-ak after consonant (romanization)
-k after vowel (romanization)


ك

ـك or ك • (-ik after consonant or -ki after vowel) f

ـك (canonical)
ك (canonical)
-ik after consonant (romanization)
-ki after vowel (romanization)


ل

From Arabic لِ (li, “to, for, towards”). The initial syllable in suffixed forms (see usage notes) is likely unrelated to Arabic إِلَى (ʔilā, “to, for, towards”), whose initial glottal stop would have naturally been lost in suffixed forms as seen below; instead, compare the development of the initial syllable in إِجَا (ʔija, “to come”).


ل

ـلـ (canonical)
-l- (romanization)
-ill- (romanization)

صِرت قَايلِتلَك مِليوْن مَرَّة مَا تدَعْوِسْلِي عَالأرض وْصِبَّاطَك كِلًّو وَحْل!

ṣirt ʾāylitlak milyōn marra ma tdaʿwisli ʿal-ʾarḍ w-ṣibbatak killo waḥl!

I've told you a million times, don't step all over the floor when your shoes are all dirty!

I've said to you a million times, don't step [for] me all over the floor and your shoes are all mud[dy]!


ل

From Arabic إِلَى (ʔilā, “to, for, toward”).


ن

From the ن that was part of already-pejorative terms like the below, which produced verbs meaning "to act like a..." that naturally ended in ن:
* كسلان (kaslān, kislān, “lazy”): تكسلن (tkaslan)
* شيطان (šayṭān, “Satan”): تشيطن (tšayṭan, “to act wicked, diabolical”)
* ملعون (malʕūn, “snide, conniving, despicable”, literally “cursed”): تملعن (tmalʕan)
* بهسان (bahsān, bihsān, “layabout”): تبهسن (tbahsan)
* Possibly زعران (zuʕrān, “scoundrels”, plural of أزعر (ʔazʕar)): تزعرن (tzaʕran)
The ن that made it into verbs like these was then reanalyzed as a specifically verbal root extension and used productively on other triliteral roots.

Extension for triliteral roots that creates typically pejorative verbs and verbal nouns


ن

ـن (canonical)
-un (romanization)
-wun (romanization)
-yun (romanization)

Alternative spelling of ـهن when not pronounced as “-hun”


ه

ـه or ه • (-o/-u after consonant or -h after vowel) m

ـه (canonical)
ه (canonical)
-o (romanization)
-u after consonant (romanization)
-h after vowel (romanization)
ـو (alternative)


أخ

apc-noun

أخ • (ʔaḵḵ) m (construct state أخو (ʔaḵu), plural إخوة (ʔiḵwe) or إخوات (ʔiḵwāt) or إخوان (ʔiḵwān), feminine إخت (ʔiḵt))

ʔaḵḵ (romanization)
أخو (construct)
إخوة (plural)
إخوات (plural)
إخوان (plural)
إخت (feminine)


عالم

عالم • (ʕālam) m (plural عوالم (ʕwālim))

كان في كتير عالم هنيك.


أهلا وسهلا

From Arabic أَهْلًا وَسَهْلًا (ʔahlan wasahlan).

inh

أَهْلًا وَسَهْلًا


كس

كس اختك

كس امك


بندورة

From Italian pomodoro. Pronunciations with ū may have been transmitted through coastal dialects that had not yet developed a monophthong /oː/, while pronunciations with ō may be via coastal dialects that had already monophthongized /aw/ into an /oː/ that they could loan the Italian vowel with. Compare the North and South Levantine pronunciations of أوضة (ʔūḍa, ʔōḍa, “room”).

حبة بندورة


مو

Contraction of ما هو (ma hū, “it is not”), going back to Arabic مَا هُوَ (mā huwa, “it is not”) with the pronoun's final vowel clipped.

contraction

مو مشكلة


بد

بدي شوفك كل يوم، يا حبيبي

شو بدنا نئللو؟


تا

Probably from Arabic حَتَّى (ḥattā), but compare also the Persian below. Doublet of حتى (ḥatta, “even”).

هات تا نشوف.

اذا كنت بعذابي راضي وجاي تا ترجعني / انا يا حبيبي جرح الماضي بعدو عم يوجعني

If you’re satisfied with my pain and coming to take me back, / Baby, the wound of the past does still pain me.

iza kint b-ʕazābi rāḍi w jāy ta trajjiʕni / ana ya ḥabībi jirḥ il-māḍi baʕdu ʕam yūjiʕni

so, to, in order to; connects two verbs and gives the phrase a final or factitive sense


صبر

apc-verb

صبر • (ṣabbar) II (non-past يصبّر (yṣabber))


حق

apc-noun

حق • (ḥaʔʔ) m (plural حقوق (ḥʔūʔ))

بعرف حقوقي!

هي زعلانة وبالحق! بعد ما أخدت سكربيناتي الحلوين...

hiyye zaʕlāne, ubil-haʔʔʔ! baʕed ma ʔaḵadet skarbīnāti l-ḥelwīn...

She's upset and rightly so! After taking my good heels...

a right, something to which one is entitled (both in a legal and non-legal sense)

قديه حقها؟

معك حق

الحق عليّ


لبنان

head

لبنان • (libnēn)

Lebanon (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East)


شب

a male teenager or a young man up to the age of circa 30 years


حمام

حمام • (ḥammām)


حال

حال • (ḥāl-)

ما بفهم ناس ما هما الا حالا

I don't understand people who care only about themselves.

(with personal suffix) -self; -selves (reflexive pronoun)


عمل

apc-verb

عمل • (ʕimil) I (non-past يعمل (yiʕmil, yaʕmil, yaʕmul))

شو عم تعمل؟

كلما شوف مديري بعمل حالي كتير مشغول.

kilma šūf mudīri baʕmul ḥāli ktīr mašḡūl

Whenever I see my boss, I try to look very busy.

(reflexive) to make oneself (something); (often with the notion) to pretend to be, to give oneself the appearance of


شال

From Arabic أَشَالَ (ʔašāla, “to raise”), form IV causative of شَالَ (šāla, “to rise”), from the root ش و ل (š w l).

ar-root

ش و ل (š w l)

ما فيي شيل الغطا عن هاي القنينة.

mā fiyyi šīl il-ḡaṭa ʿan hay il-ʾannīne.

شيل عينيك عن غير نسوان.

مولعينها بطرابلس، بتشيلي ننزل؟ — ايه بشيل

mwallʿīna b-ṭrāblus, bitšīli ninzal? — ʾē bšīl

They're going wild in Tripoli, you want to head down? — Yeah, I'm down to.

(colloquial, Lebanon) to be down, to be up for (used either alone or governing a subjunctive-verb phrase)


شال

apc-noun

شال • (šāl, šēl) m (plural شيلان (šīlān))

šāl (romanization)
šēl (romanization)
شيلان (plural)


ذات

Learned borrowing from Arabic ذات (ḏāt).


لازم

head

لازم • (lāzim)

From Arabic لَازِم (lāzim, “necessary, urgent”).

inh

لأ سوري، لازم تسأل حدا تاني

(false verb, followed by subjunctive verb) must; gotta


شفة

From Arabic شَفة (šafa) with gemination of the -f- in order to create a standard triconsonantal root.


سمع

apc-verb

سمع • (simiʕ or siməʕ) I (non-past بيسمع (byismaʕ))

simiʕ (romanization)
siməʕ (romanization)
بيسمع (non-past)

to listen to, to pay attention to, to hear someone out


غير

apc-pronoun

غير • (ḡayr, ḡēr)

ما عنا غير القرايب.

ما عنا غير قرايب.

تاني

only these can be used in definite construction


هو

Enclitic form: ـه (-o/-h)


هي

Enclitic form: ـها (-(h/w/y)a)


هي

From the form هَيِّي (hayye, hayyi) attested in Damascene (compare the development of شويّ (šwayy) and ميّ (ṃayy)), which may be an irregular lenition of an earlier form *هَيْذِي (hayḏe, hayḏi). In the Lebanese form هيدي (hayde, haydi), the ذ (ḏ) of *هيذي regularly evolved into د (d) instead of leniting.


هن

hinne (romanization)
hinnen (romanization)
هنه (alternative)
هني (alternative)
هنن (alternative)

Partly a continuation of Arabic هُنَّ (hunna, “they”, feminine), but considerably influenced by a pronoun borrowed from Western Aramaic and cognate to Classical Syriac ܗܢܘܢ (hennon, “they”). The final e vowel may have also arisen in analogy to the development of the other third-person pronouns: هو (huwwe, “he”), هي (hiyye, “she”), and هم (humme, “them”, now obsolete).
هن (hinne) superficially resembles Arabic هُنَّ (hunna) enough that any other origin might appear questionable. However, some problems show up if we discard the Aramaic altogether:
Confounding data
A variant of this pronoun found widely in Syria is هنن (hinnon, hinnen). The two pronunciations are nearly identical to the surviving Western Neo-Aramaic [script needed] (hinnun, “they”, masculine) and [script needed] (hinnin, “they”, feminine), but conspicuously different from Arabic هُنَّ (hunna), which lacks a second ن (n).
Additionally, there are Syrian varieties that do gender this pronoun, but in a strikingly Aramaic-like manner. Two examples from Hama are هنن (hinnon, masculine) & هنن (hinnen, feminine) in as-Suqaylibiyyah and هنو (hinno, masculine) & هني (hinni, feminine) in Morek.
The initial u in Arabic هُنَّ (hunna) differs from the i in هن (hinne). This could be explained by North Levantine Arabic's general tendency to merge u into i in initial closed syllables, but Behnstedt observes that the pronoun has i even in dialects that keep the two vowels distinct. These dialects would be expected to have preserved the u of Arabic هُنَّ (hunna).
هن (hinne) is a gender-neutral pronoun, even though Arabic originally distinguished هُنَّ (hunna, feminine) from هُم (hum, masculine). North Levantine Arabic varieties aren't alone in having replaced both with one common pronoun, but this common pronoun typically developed from Arabic هُم (hum, masculine): see South Levantine Arabic هم (humme) and Egyptian Arabic هم (humma) for examples from closely related varieties. What would have made North Levantine speakers settle on Arabic هُنَّ (hunna) gender-neutrally instead?
Behnstedt points out that Aramaic offers an elegant solution to these problems, but notes that modern Syrian forms like هني (hunni) from the vicinity of Homs and هنن (hunnin) in nearby Manin provide reason to account for influence from the Arabic pronoun as well.
The spelling هن is in direct association with Standard Arabic هُنَّ (hunna), while the alternative spellings follow the word's pronunciation.

col

Confounding data

Enclitic form: ـهن (-(h/w/y)un)


هن

ـهن (canonical)
-un (romanization)
-hun (romanization)
-wun (romanization)
-yun (romanization)
ـن (alternative)

From Arabic ـهُنَّ (-hunna) or ـهِنَّ (-hinna).

Enclitic form of هن (hinne) or هنن (hinnen)


مست

apc-noun

مست • (mast, mest, mist) m (plural مسوت (mesut))

(obsolete) indoor shoes, slippers, chaussons


دار

دار • (dār) m

تفضل، قاعدين سوا بالدار.

Come in, we’re all sitting in the living-room.


يعني

head

يعني • (yaʿni)

عملنا اللي فينا نعملو، يعني رح نشوف شو بيصير

ʿMilna lli fīna naʿmlu, yaʿni raḥ nšūf šu biṣīr.

We’ve done what we could, so we’ll see what happens.


يعني

يعني • (yaʿni)

لازم نسألو، يعني المعلم


يعني

يعني • (yaʿni)

يعني... الموضوع أصعب من هيك

Well... the affair is more complicated than that.

كان حلو الفلم؟ — يعني، بس توقعتو أحلى

Kān ḥilu l-film? — Yaʿni, bas twaʾʾaʿtu ʾaḥla.

Was the film good? — I guess, but I’d expected it to be better.

ما في فرق كبير. هو نفس الشي تقريبا، يعني

Ma fi fariʾ kbīr. Huwi nafs iš-ši taʾrīban, yaʿni.

There’s no big difference. It’s roughly the same thing, really.

هيدا مش معقول، يعني

(postpositioned) really; seriously; man; come on; used for emphasis


مطار

مطار • (maṭār)


وردة

warde (romanization)
ورد (collective masculine)
ورودة (plural)


ابن

apc-noun

ابن • (ibin) m (plural ولاد (wlād) or صبيان (ṣibyān, ṣubyān))

ibin (romanization)
ولاد (plural)
صبيان (plural)


بعد

head

بعد • (baʕd)


بعد

بعد • (baʕd)

بعدو بيحكي هالقصة؟

(false verb, with personal suffix) still


مات

وين كنت لهلأ؟ أنا متت من الخوف!

wayn kint la-hallaʔ? ʔana mitit mn il-ḵawf!

Where have you been? I was scared to death!

(figurative) to die, to do something extremely, to death


مات

(Lebanon) math, mathematics (especially as a school subject)


طيز

apc-noun

طيز • (ṭīz) m


ضل

ضَلَّيْت بِالبَيْت

هو ضل يحكي ونحنا ضلينا ماشيين

to keep doing (construed with either a present-progressive participle, عَم (ʕam), or a subjunctive verb)


ها

ـها (canonical)
-a (romanization)
-ha (romanization)
-wa (romanization)
-ya (romanization)
ـا (alternative)


لعبة

يمكن مش ذنبك ولا ذنبي، يمكن نحنا متل اللعبة / وقصتنا على اسم الغربة كانت مكتوبة ومطوية.

1979, “لو فيي”performed by Aida Chalhoub:

Maybe it’s neither your fault nor mine, maybe we are just like dolls. / Under the title “The Estrangement” was our story written and folded up.

yimkin miš zanbak wala zanbi, yimkin niḥna mitl il-liʕbe / w-ʔuṣṣitna ʕala ʔism il-ḡirbe kānit maktūbe w-maṭwiyye


خطر

head

خطر • (ḵaṭar)


شورت

apc-noun

شورت • (šōrt) f (plural شورتات (šōrtāt))


شو

From Arabic أَيُّ شَيْءٍ هُوَ (ʔayyu šayʔin huwa, literally “what thing is it”).

inh

أَيُّ شَيْءٍ هُوَ

شو اسمك؟

šū ismak? (to a male), šū ismik? (to a female)


مين

Compare Ugaritic 𐎎𐎊 (my), Biblical Hebrew מִי (mi), Phoenician 𐤌𐤉 (my) and El-Amarna Akkadian 𒈪𒅀 (mīya, “who”).


ايه

head

اِيه • (ē, ēh)

اِيه (canonical)
ē (romanization)
ēh (romanization)
إيه (alternative)

From Arabic إي (ʔī), a particle used in affirmative oaths. Possibly influenced by Syriac forms; compare Aramaic אין (ʾēn, “yes”).

ايه, فيه أمل.


ليه

From ليش (lēš), compare with Egyptian Arabic لِيه (lēh).


تلاتة

apc-numeral

تلاتة • (tlāte) (construct state تلات (tlāt))

inh

Arabic ثَلَاثَة (ṯalāṯa)


امتى

apc-pronoun

إمتى • (ʔemta)

Alternative form of إيمتى (ʔēmta): when?


منين

From Arabic مِنْ أَيْن (min ʔayn, “from where”).


ايد

apc-noun

ايد • (ʾīd) f (dual ايدتين (ʾīdtayn), plural ايدين (ʾīdayn) or ايادي (ʾyādi))

ʾīd (romanization)
ايدتين (dual)
ايدين (plural)
ايادي (plural)

From general dialectal Arabic اِيد (īd), variant of classical يَد (yad).


انتي

إنتي (canonical)
ʔinti (romanization)
ʔinta (romanization)
ʔintu (romanization)
إنت (alternative)

Enclitic form: ـك (-ik/-ki)


انتو

ʔintu (romanization)
ʔinta (romanization)
ʔinti (romanization)
إنتوا (alternative)
إنتو (alternative)

Enclitic form: ـكن (-kun)


كمان

apc-adverb

كمان • (kamēn)


برتقان

birtʔān (romanization)
برتقانة (feminine singulative)

Inherited from Arabic بُرْتُقَان (burtuqān).


ليمون

laymūn (romanization)
ليمونة (feminine singulative)


بقدونس

apc-noun

بقدونس • (baʾdūnis) m (usually uncountable)


تعبان

apc-adj

تعبان • (tiʕbān) (feminine تعبانة (tiʕbāne), common plural تعبانين (tiʕbānīn) or تعبانة (tiʕbāne))

tiʕbān (romanization)
تعبانة (feminine)
تعبانين (common plural)
تعبانة (common plural)

قوليلي زعلانة، قوليلي تعبانة، قوليلي زهقانة، بس احكيلي شي.

2012, “كنا اتفقنا”performed by Marwan Khoury:

Tell me you’re angry, tell me you’re fed up, tell me you’re bored to death, but just talk to me.

ʔulī-li ziʕlāne, ʔulī-li tiʕbāne, ʔulī-li zihʔāne, bas iḥkī-li šī.


جمرك

apc-noun

جمرك • (gumrok) m (plural جمارك (gamārik))

From Ottoman Turkish كمرك (gümrük), possibly via Egyptian Arabic جُمْرُك (gumruk) based on both pronunciations of the word — one being derived from the spelling pronunciation, and one being taken directly from the Egyptian pronunciation.


جنينة

جنينة • (jnayne) f (plural جنينات (jnaynāt))

From Arabic جُنَيْنة (junayna, “small garden”), diminutive of جَنّة (janna, “garden”).

inh

كنا عم نشرب شاي سوا بالجنينه الكبيره تبعيت بيتهن.

kinna ʕam nišrab šāy sawa b-li-jnayne li-kbīri tabʕīt baytun.

We were having tea together in the big garden of their house.


عم

apc-noun

عم • (ʿamm) m (plural عموم (ʿmūm), feminine عمة (ʿamme))

ʿamm (romanization)
عموم (plural)
عمة (feminine)

From Arabic عَمّ (ʕamm, “paternal uncle”).

(informal, especially with vocative يا (yā)) term of address to an older person or stranger


عم

Clipping of عَمَّال (ʕammāl), an earlier form related to the verb عمل (ʕimil, “to do”). See also مّا (mma).

عَمَّ بيِتسَاءَلُوا

شو عم تعمل؟ — عم إشرب قهوة

What are you doing? — I’m drinking coffee.

Used with a following imperfect verb to mark the present progressive tense.


وش

وشّ • (wišš) m


شاف

بدكن تشوفوا دموعي؟


حد

حدّ (canonical)
ḥadd (romanization)
يحدّ (non-past)


إخت

إخت • (ʔiḵt) f (plural خيات (ḵayyāt) or إخوات (ʔiḵwāt), masculine أخ (ʔaḵḵ) or خي (ḵayy))

ʔiḵt (romanization)
خيات (plural)
إخوات (plural)
أخ (masculine)
خي (masculine)
أخت (alternative)


وصل

head

وصل • (wuṣil, wuṣul) (imperfect يوصل (yūṣal))

wuṣil (romanization)
wuṣul (romanization)
يوصل (imperfect)


حب

حبّ • (ḥabb)


حمص

حمص • (ḥummuṣ)

From Arabic حِمِّص (ḥimmiṣ), حُمُّص (ḥummuṣ).


حمص

حمص • (ḥumṣ)

Turkish: Humus

Compare Modern Standard Arabic حِمْص (ḥimṣ).


عصبية

being irritable, being touchy, being oversensitive

being aggressive (in discussing or arguing)


تبع

تبع • (tabaʿ) m or f or pl (feminine تبعيت (tabʿīt; (rare) tabʿiyyit) or تبعت (tabʿit), plural تَبعُول (tabʿūl), feminine plural (less common) تبعولات (tabʿūlāt))

tabaʿ (romanization)
tabʿiyyit (rare)
tabʿit (romanization)
tabʿūl (romanization)
tabʿūlāt (romanization)

Grammaticalized from Arabic تَبَع (tabaʕ). The feminine form is from Arabic تَبَعِيّ (tabaʕiyy).

هيدي تبعيتي

forms possessive pronouns of all persons with the respective personal suffixes

هيدي التنورة تبعيت إمي

بَدِّي إستعمل الكمبيوتر تبعكن

of; used appositively after a noun instead of an ordinary possessive iḍāfa construction


لبناني

apc-adj

لبناني • (libnāni) (feminine لبنانية (libnāniyye), common plural لبنانية (libnāniyye) or لبنانيين (libnāniyyīn))

libnāni (romanization)
لبنانية (feminine)
لبنانية (common plural)
لبنانيين (common plural)


جديد

جديد • (jdīd) (feminine جديدة (jdīde), common plural جداد (jdēd))

jdīd (romanization)
جديدة (feminine)
جداد (common plural)


قصة

apc-noun

ʔuṣṣa, ʔiṣṣa

ʔuṣaṣ, ʔiṣaṣ

قصة • (ʔuṣṣa, ʔiṣṣa) f (plural قصص (ʔuṣaṣ, ʔiṣaṣ))

ʔuṣṣa (romanization)
ʔiṣṣa (romanization)
قصص (plural)

هالقصة ما سمعتا ولا مرة بحياتي

Ha-l-ʔuṣṣa ma smiʕta wala marra b-ḥayēti.

I’ve never heard this story in all my life.


كيفك

head

كِيفَك؟ • (kīfak?)

كِيفَك؟ (canonical)
kīfak? (romanization)


كيفك

كِيفِك؟ • (kīfik?)

كِيفِك؟ (canonical)
kīfik? (romanization)


صبية

apc-noun

صبية • (ṣabiyye) f (plural صبايا (ṣabāya))

From Arabic صَبِيّة (ṣabiyya). For the euphemism compare Arabic حُبَاب (ḥubāb, “friend, beloved; snake”) and Ge'ez ዐርክት (ʿärəkt, “female friend; snake”).

cog

a female teenager or a young woman, chiefly unmarried


يا

شو بدك ياني قول؟

رح فرجيك ياهن.

ما فيني اشرحلك ياه.

accusative particle, used with pronominal suffixes to express English object pronouns, like me, him, etc.


آمن

From Arabic آمَنَ (ʔāmana). The contracted fourth stem was reinterpreted as a regular third stem.

to believe, to have faith (optionally with بِـ (b-, “in”))


صار

كنت إكره هالأكلة بس صايرة بحبها

I used to hate this dish, but I've come to like it

بدي صير إتعود عالفيقة بكير الصبح

baddi ṣīr ʾitʿawwad ʿa l-fayʾa bakkīr ṣ-ṣibḥ

I've got to start getting used to waking up early in the morning

صرت آكل شي ميت حبّة لوز

(auxiliary) Governs an active participle, indicating that the action began in the past and continues into the present


صار

head

صار • (ṣar, ṣār)

Fused from صَار (ṣār) + إِلـ (ʔil-, “belonging to”), where the latter can be used idiomatically in the meaning “(of time) passing relative to”. For the ultimate fusing-together, where the once-freestanding إلـ (ʔil-) adopted the shape of ـلـ (-l-, dative suffix), compare the development of بَعدِلّـ (baʕdill-, “(of time) remaining for”).

compound

صرلك سنين بتحبها

صرلي تلات تيام ما شفته

صرلن صحبة من الصف التاني

They’ve been friends since second grade.

(false verb) Used with ـلـ (-l-) and a past duration of time to refer to something that has been happening over this duration of time


كيف

كيفك؟

كيفك؟


تساءل

apc-verb

تساءل • (tsāʔal) VI (non-past يتساءل (yitsāʔal), verbal noun سآلة (saʔāle))

tsāʔal (romanization)
يتساءل (non-past)
سآلة (noun-from-verb)

Denominal verb of سئيل (saʔīl, “annoying”). Unrelated to سُؤال (suʔāl, “question”).


تساءل

تساءل • (tsāʔal) VI (non-past يتساءل (yitsāʔal))

Borrowed from Arabic تَسَاءَلَ (tasāʔala). Related to سُؤال (suʔāl, “question”).


دولاب

apc-noun

دولاب • (dūlāb) m (plural دواليب (dawālīb))

Borrowed from Classical Persian دولاب (dōlāb).


بدي

From بِوَدّي bwaddī, "it is my wish/desire"


رفيق

apc-noun

رفيق • (rfīʔ) m (plural رفقا (rifʔa), feminine رفيقة (rfīʔa))

rfīʔ (romanization)
رفقا (plural)
رفيقة (feminine)


براد

براد • (barrād) m (plural برادات (barrādāt))


تلفزيون

تلفزيون • (telfizyōn) m (plural تلفزيونات (telfizyōnāt))

telfizyōn (romanization)
تلفزيونات (plural)

Alternative form: تلڤزيون (telvizyōn)


شرج

apc-verb

شرّج • (šarraj) (non-past يشرّج (yšarrij))

شرّج (canonical)
šarraj (romanization)
يشرّج (non-past)

Denominal verb of شارج (šārj), from English charge.

بدي شرج خطي


طبنجة

apc-noun

طبنجة • (ṭabanje) f (plural طبنجات (ṭabanjāt))

From Ottoman Turkish طبانجه (tabanca, “pistol”).


هاد

head

هاد • (hād) (feminine هيّ (hayy), plural هدول (hadōl))

hād (romanization)
هيّ (feminine)
هدول (plural)


بنك

apc-verb

بنّك • (bannak) (non-past يبنك (ybannik))

بنّك (canonical)
bannak (romanization)
يبنك (non-past)

Alternative form of پنك (pannak, “to panic”)


إيه

إِيه (canonical)
ʾē (romanization)
ايه (alternative)

ايه, في أمل.


رح

رَح (canonical)
raḥ (romanization)
حـ (alternative)

Contraction of راح (rāḥ), as preserved in cognates like Gulf Arabic راح (rāḥ). This is in turn related to the verb راح (rāḥ, “to go”) and ultimately derived from Arabic رَاحَ (rāḥa, “to go”), but the precise link is uncertain:
* Possibly a contraction of the verb's active participle رايح (rāyiḥ, “going”), which is widely attested as a fully-inflected future auxiliary. This requires رايح (rāyiḥ) to have somehow developed into the راح (rāḥ) we see in other dialects, however. Usually, the sequence *-āyi- instead contracted to a diphthong -ay- in Levantine (as in حَيط (ḥayṭ, “wall”) from Arabic حَائِط (ḥāʔiṭ) and عَيلة (ʕayle, “family”) from Arabic عَائِلَة (ʕāʔila)), making it off-putting that there are no surviving traces of an intermediate form رَيح* (*rayḥ).
* Perhaps directly from the verb راح (rāḥ, “[he] went”). Many other auxiliary particles are also verbs frozen in the third-person-singular past conjugation, including ما عاد (mā ʕād, “no longer”, literally “he didn't end up”), قام (ʔām, “(loosely) up and”, literally “he got up”), قال (ʔāl, “apparently, allegedly”, literally “he said”).

ncog

Arabic حَائِط (ḥāʔiṭ)

Arabic عَائِلَة (ʕāʔila)

رح إشرب هالقهوة.

going to; used with a following verb to form a future tense


وين

From Arabic وَأَيْنَ (waʔayna, “and where”). Compare Egyptian Arabic فين (fēn), from either فَأَيْنَ (faʔayna, “so where”) or فِي أَيْنَ (fī ʔayna, “in where”). Compare also Acadian and Cajun French éyoù, yoù (“where”), from et (“and”) + où (“where”).

من وين إنت؟

min wēn ʾinta? (to a male), min wēn ʾinti? (to a female)

عم تقلي روح إحكي معها؟ هي وين وأنا وين؟

ʿam tʾilli rūḥ ʾiḥki maʿa? hiyyi wēn wʾana wēn?

You’re telling me I should go talk to her? She’s way out of my league.

You’re telling me to go talk to her? Where is she and where am I?

where (relative and interrogative adverb, also figuratively)


باي باي

خاطرك

ḵaṭrak (to a male); ḵaṭrik (to a female)


أهلين

أَهْلِين (canonical)
ʾahlēn (romanization)
ʾahlain (romanization)

Dual of أهلا (ʔahlan), from Arabic أَهْلاً (ʔahlan), so as to “double” the good wishes received; hence at first used only as a response to the singular form. Compare the same in مرحبا (marḥaba), مرحبتين (marḥabtain), and even بونجور (bōnjūr), بونجورين (bōnjūrain). However, أهلين is now also used independently, or as a response to other greetings.

!أهلا يا جوليا! — أهلين يا زينب! وين هالغيبة

ʾAhlan ya Jūlya! — ʾAhlain ya Zainab! Wain hal-ġaibi!

Hi, Julia! — Hello, Zainab! Long time no see!

hello; hi; particularly as a response to أهلا (ʔahlan)


نص

apc-noun

نص • (nuṣṣ) m


ليش

ل (li-, la-, “to, for”) + إِيش (ʔēš, “what”), although the normal word for “what” is now شو (šū) Compare a similar structure in Egyptian Arabic لِيه (lēh) and Standard Arabic لِمَاذَا (li-māḏā), as well as in other languages such as French pourquoi.


برنامج

برنامج • (birnāmej) m (plural برامج (barāmij))


زعلان

apc-adj

زعلان • (zaʕlān) (feminine زعلانة (zaʕlāne), common plural زعلانين (zaʕlānīn))

zaʕlān (romanization)
زعلانة (feminine)
زعلانين (common plural)

From Arabic زَعْلَان (zaʕlān). Intensive adjective of the stative verb زعل (ziʕil, “to get upset; to get angry”).

ajp-etym-intadj

(+ عَلَى (ʿalā)) upset on behalf of someone, sad for someone, to feel for someone

(+ عَلَى (ʿalā)) upset with someone (regional)

(Lebanon) (+ من (min)) upset with someone


يبرق

yabraʔ (romanization)
يبراق (alternative)

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish یپراق (yaprak, “leaf”).


شكل

head

شكل • (šakl, šikl) m (plural اشكال (aškāl))

šakl (romanization)
šikl (romanization)
اشكال (plural)

kind, shape, the way something is, looks, or seems

شكلك نسيت ياللي قلتلك ياه مبارح.

You seem to have forgotten what I told you yesterday.

(false verb, with pronominal suffix) expresses English to seem


مشكلة

apc-noun

مشكلة • (miškle) f (plural مَشَاكِل (mašākel))

اعمل ياللي بدك إياه، مش مشكلتي

aʕmil yalli baddak ʔiyyāh, miš miškilti.


حلو

apc-adj

حلو • (ḥilu) (feminine حلوة (ḥilwe), common plural حلوين (ḥilwīn), elative أحلى (ʔaḥla))

ḥilu (romanization)
حلوة (feminine)
حلوين (common plural)
أحلى (elative)


قعد

apc-verb

قعد • (ʔaʕad) I (non-past يقعد (yiʔʕud))

قعد يعملي محاضرة وأنا من دون شي مأخّر

ʔaʕad yaʕmalli mḥāḍara w ʔana min dūn šī mʔaxxar

He started sitting there lecturing me when I was already late

قعدت كل شوي قوم طل من الشباك لحتى شوفك

ʔaʕadt kill šwayy ʔūm ṭill mn š-šibbāk laḥatta šūfak

I started getting up every so often to check out the window to spot you

انشالله بدك تقعد تاكللي لقمة لقمة خلصني لف وخلصت السيرة

nšaḷḷa baddak tiʔʕud tākilli liʔme liʔme ḵalliṣni liff w ḵilṣit s-sīre

Don't tell me you're about to sit there eating bite by bite with flatbread, just make a sandwich [with the bread] and hurry up already

(auxiliary, sometimes derogatory) Marks progressive aspect

قعدت ساعتين عالواقف ما كان حدا يجبلي كرسي

ʔaʕadt sāʕtēn ʕal-wāʔif ma kān ḥada yjibli kirsi

I spent two hours standing, nobody would bring me a chair


قعد

قعد • (ʔaʕʕad) II (non-past بقعد (yʔaʕʕid))

Inherited from Arabic قَعَّدَ (qaʕʕada) and synchronically a causative of قَعَد (ʔaʕad).


قعد

From قَعَد (ʔaʕad) by reducing the sequence of a glottal stop and a pharyngeal in the imperfective conjugations, which also happened in the imperative عود (ʕōd, “sit!”) mentioned above. This was allowed to happen to the imperfective in dialects with imala, in which the pronunciation ē of long alif is similar or identical to an elongated lax /i/ [ɪ, e], because it made way for قعد (ʔaʕad, “to sit”) to be incorporated into the class of native hamzated verbs: ياكل (yēkul, “to eat”), ياخد (yēḵud, “to take”), and newly ياعد (yēʕud, “to sit”). Does not exist in dialects that retain ق (q).

Alternative form of قَعَد (ʔaʕad, “to sit”)


قعد

قعد • (ʔaʕʕad) I (non-past يقعد (yiʔʕud))

From قَعَد (ʔaʕad). Likely also reflects difficulty pronouncing an approximant /ʕ/ intervocalically and in close proximity to a glottal stop.


ملعقة

apc-noun

ملعقة • (malʕ(a)ʔa) f (plural ملاعق (m(a)lāʕiʔ))

معلقة (alternative)
ملقعة (alternative)
ملقة (alternative)
ملعة (alternative)


ضروري

apc-adjective

ضروري • (ḍarūri, ḍrūri) (feminine ضرورية (ḍarūriyye, ḍrūriyye), masculine plural ضروريين (ḍarūriyyīn, ḍrūriyyīn))

ḍarūri (romanization)
ḍrūri (romanization)
ضرورية (feminine)
ضروريين (masculine plural)

Inherited from Arabic ضَرُورِيّ (ḍarūriyy).


عقد

head

عقد • (ʿaʾʾad) (imperfect يعقد (yʿaʾʾid))

كتير حلوه هالصوره، والله بتعقد!

This picture is so nice, it's really stunning!

(intransitive) to be great, very good, stunning


مزح

مَزَح • (mazaḥ)


مزح

مَزَح • (mazaḥ)


كعك

kaʕk (romanization)
كعكة (feminine singulative)

(Syria) A breadstick-like soft pastry (that are also usually moulded into ring shapes) covered in seseme seeds that can be stuffed with things like cheese.

(Lebanon) A flat, soft pastry resembling a purse that can be stuffed with things like cheese or zaatar and covered in sesame seeds.


حارة

حارة • (ḥāra) f


صبيان

apc-noun

صِبيان or صُبيان • (ṣibyān or ṣubyān) m pl

صِبيان (canonical)
صُبيان (canonical)
ṣibyān (romanization)
ṣubyān (romanization)

boys; sons; guys
plural of ولد (walad, “boy”)

boys; sons; guys
plural of ابن (ibin, “son”)

plural of شب (šabb, “teenager, young man”)


دني

dini (romanization)
دنية (alternative)
دنيي (alternative)
دنيا (alternative)

الدني برد

الدني ليل

dummy subject for weather, seasons & time of day (used with a noun as opposed to an adjective)

خرّبت الدني!

You made a mess! (literally, "you destroyed the world")

الدني ميّ

This place is wet (literally, "the world is water")

الدني وقتا كانت حرب عندن.

There was war all around them at the time.

One's environment and surroundings as a whole; the extent of what one is experiencing


جير

جير • (gīr) m

gīr (romanization)
غير (alternative)
كير (alternative)
چير (alternative)
گير (alternative)

Borrowed from English gear. See also Hijazi Arabic قير (gēr).


حكي

From Arabic حَكَى (ḥakā, “to tell, narrate”).

ع شو عم تحكي؟


حكي

شو سهل الحكي، مين اللي بيعرف بقلب التاني شو في
 شو سهل الحكي، انا لولا وجودو بعمري، عمري بينطفي

2010, “شو سهل الحكي”performed by Rouwaida Attieh:

How easy it is to talk! Who can know what there is in someone else’s heart?
 How easy it is to talk! If I don’t have him in my life, my life becomes extinguished.

šu sahl il-ḥaki, mīn illi byiʕrif bi-ʔalb it-tāni šu fi
 šu sahl il-ḥaki, ana lawla wjūdu b-ʕumri, ʕumri byinṭufi.


تصبح

apc-verb

تصبح • (tṣabbaḥ) V (non-past يتصبّح (yitṣabbaḥ))

tṣabbaḥ (romanization)
يتصبّح (non-past)


تعني

Inherited from Arabic تَعَنِّي (taʕannī), informal form of تَعَنٍّ (taʕannin, “exhaustion, suffering”), verbal noun of تَعَنَّى (taʕannā, “to be exhausted, to suffer”). Has the form of a native form V verbal noun, and survived the extinction of this type of verbal noun in sedentary Levantine dialects by specializing in meaning.

inh+

صار عندي تعني مش رح نام الليلة

I just got tʕinni, I'm not going to sleep tonight


بركي

barke (romanization)
بلكن (alternative)
بلكي (alternative)

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish بلكه (belki, “maybe”), from Persian بلکه (balke, “but”).


حبلي

head

حبلي • (ḥible)


هودي

Blend of هٰذَا (hāḏā) + أُولَاءِ (ʔūlāʔi).


هني

Alternative spelling of هن (hinne, “they”)


نطر

apc-verb

نطر • (naṭar) I (non-past ينطر (yunṭur))

From Arabic نَظَرَ (naẓara). The voiceless quality of the stop is irregular. It might have been influenced by the t in related اِنْتَظَرَ (intaẓara) (through coalescence of ت and ظ, leading to it being reinterpreted as a Form I verb), or perhaps by Aramaic נְטַר (nəṭar).


بوز

Either inherited from Arabic بُوز (būz, “snout, muzzle”) or directly borrowed from Persian پوز (pōz, puz, “muzzle, mouth”).

bor+

سكر بوزك!

(slightly vulgar or rude) mouth of a human

بُوز سيّارة


بوز

apc-verb

بوز • (bawwaz) II (non-past يبوز (ybawwiz))

Synchronically a denominal verb of بوز (būz, “mouth”). Also perhaps directly inherited from Arabic بَوَّزَ (bawwaza, “to pout”).


بوز

Denominal verb from Ottoman Turkish بوز (buz, “ice”), also the etymon of بوظة (būẓa, “ice cream”).

.بَوّزت اليَومْ قَد مَا كَان فِيه صَقْعَة

I was so cold today because of how cold it was.


ماعاد

head

ماعاد • (māʿād)

māʿād (romanization)
ما عاد (alternative)

From Arabic ما عاد (mā ʕāda), literally: “he hasn’t returned [to doing something]”. While the construction is verbal in standard Arabic, requiring conjugation of the verb عاد (ʕāda) according to the subject of the phrase, it has become adverbial in North Levantine Arabic and is generally uninflected. Compare to this the Hebrew adverb עוד (ʿōd, “still”).

ماعاد احكي معن


شي

apc-noun

شي • (šī) m (plural إشيا (ʾišya) or أشيا (ʾašya))

šī (romanization)
إشيا (plural)
أشيا (plural)

هيدي اشيا كتير مهمة


شي

بدك شي تاني، حبيبتي؟

بدي عطيك شي.


شي

في شي مشكلة؟

رح يرجع شي يوم


شي

لازم تنطرلك شي عشرين دقيقه

You have to wait for about twenty minutes.

ما بدها هالقد شرح يعني شي إنك توصلهن الفكرة

ma badd(h)a hal-ʾadd šarḥ yaʿni šī ʾinnak twaṣṣell(h)on l-fikra

It doesn't need this much explaining, like it's enough just to get the idea across to them

لسا شي طلعت من البيت


شي

عنا حليب شي؟

Optionally marks a yes-or-no question, used with intransitive verbs or after the object of a transitive verb


عيلة

عيلة • (ʕayle) f (plural عيَل (ʕiyal) or عيلات (ʕaylāt))

ʕayle (romanization)
عيَل (plural)
عيلات (plural)

Inherited from Arabic عَائِلَة (ʕāʔila).

inh

Arabic عَائِلَة (ʕāʔila)

(extended family)

عيلة بتختارنا وعيلة نحنا منختار

2025, Bid-Dam Promotional Télévision Bumper, Lebanon: MTV Lebanon:

Family chooses us and we choose our family

العيلة منها شي مهم، العيلة هي الأهم ومش دايما بتكون... بالدم

2025, Bid-Dam Promotional Télévision Bumper, MTV Lebanon:

Family isn't something important, it's the most important thing and it isn't always... by blood.

el-ʕayle manna ši mhem, el-ʕayle hiye l-ʔaham u-miš dāyman bitkūn... bid-damm


كاسة

Most plausibly an extended form of Arabic كَأْس (kaʔs, “cup, glass, wine glass”), whence also North Levantine Arabic كاس (kās, “glass for alcoholic drinks”).


حدا

حدا (canonical)
حدًا (canonical)
ḥada (romanization)
ḥadan (romanization)

From or related to Arabic أحد (ʔaḥad, “one; someone”).

لأ سوري، لازم تسأل حدا تاني

(typically preceded by أيّ (ʾayy(a))) anybody, anyone

رح انتحر لئنو ما حدا بيحبني

I’m gonna kill myself because nobody loves me.

(preceded by a negative particle) nobody, no one


هيدا

head

هيدا • (hayda) (feminine هيدي (haydi), plural هيدول (haydōl) or هودي (hawdi))

hayda (romanization)
هيدي (feminine)
هيدول (plural)
هودي (plural)

قلتلكن من قبل إنو هيدا مش صحيح.

ʾilt-ilkun min ʾabil ʾinno hayda miš ṣaḥīḥ.

I told you in advance that this wasn’t true.


لئنو

laʔinno (romanization)
لإنو (alternative)
لأنو (alternative)


كتير

apc-adj

كتير • (ktīr) (feminine كتيرة (ktīre), common plural كتار (ktār), elative أكتر (ʔaktar))

ktīr (romanization)
كتيرة (feminine)
كتار (common plural)
أكتر (elative)

في إشيا كتيرة لازم نغيرها بهالمجتمع

fī ʾišyā ktīri lāzim-i nḡayyrā b-ha-l-mujtamaʿ.

there are a lot of things we must change in this society.


كتير

كتير حلوة هالغنية


سوا

From Arabic سواء. Compare also Arabic سويا.

ما فيكن تقعدو سوا بغرفة من دون ما تصَرّخو؟

mā fīkun ti’‘dū sawā b-ḡirfe min dūn mā tṣarrḵū?

Are you not able to be in a room together without screaming?


اللي

lli (romanization)
illi (romanization)
ياللي (alternative)

From or related to Arabic اَلَّذِي (allaḏī) and اَلَّتِي (allatī).

هيدا المستشفى اللي بتشتغل إمي فيه

Hayda l-mistašfa lli btištaḡil ʾimmi fīh.

This is the hospital in which my mother works.


هون

هَوْن (canonical)
hawn (romanization)
hōn (romanization)

From Arabic هٰهُنَا (hāhunā), emphatic form of هُنَا (hunā). Compare Maltese hawn.


هونيك

apc-adverb

هَوْنَيك or هَوْنَيك or هَوْنِيك or هَوْنِيك • (hōnēk or hawnēk or hōnīk(i) or hawnīk(i))

هَوْنَيك (canonical)
هَوْنِيك (canonical)
i (romanization)

From Arabic هٰهُنَاكَ (hāhunāka), emphatic form of هُنَاكَ (hunāka).


دايما

head

دايما • (dāyman)

Semi-learned borrowing from Arabic دائِمًا (dāʔiman).


متل

بدي تنورة متل يلي بالصورة

I want a skirt like the one in the photo.


هيك

hayk (romanization)
hēk (romanization)
هَيكِي (alternative)

From Arabic هَٰكَذَا (hākaḏā, “thus, so”), perhaps via an intermediate form like the rarer South Levantine Arabic هَيْكَا (hēka, also found in other varieties). Cognate to Egyptian Arabic كِدَه (keda), كِدَا (keda), Moroccan Arabic هَكدَا (hākda), هَكَّا (hākka), Iraqi Arabic هَيچ (hīč), and others.

cog

this way (i.e., direction), that way (i.e., direction) (e.g., to look this or that way, i.e., in this or that direction)

ليه قلت هيك؟ ليه عملت هيك؟ فكرتك أفضل من هيك

lē ʾilt hēk? lē ʿmilt hēk? fakkartak ʾafḍal min hēk

Why did you say that? Why did you do that? I thought you were better than this.

Why did you say so? Why did you do so? I thought you better than so

(by extension) this, that; used as a pronominal object of قال (ʔāl, “to say”), فكّر (fakkar, “to think”), and similar transitive verbs of expression, عِمِل (ʕimil, “to do”) and synonyms, and comparative مِن (min, “than”).


هيك

ما فيي اتحمل هيك حكي منك!

I can’t stand this kind of talk on your part.


خاشوقة

apc-noun

خاشوقة • (ḵāšūʾa) f (plural خواشيق (ḵawāšīʾ))


روشتة

روشتة • (rūšatta) f (plural روشتات (rūšattāt))

From Italian ricetta (or possibly a related Romance form). Compare Turkish reçete.


عشان

head

عشان • (ʕašān)

From Arabic عَلَى (ʕalā) + شَأْن (šaʔn), thus literally “on the issue of”.

ما فيي آكل خبز عشان مرضي

I can’t eat bread because of my sickness.

عملتي هيدا كله بس عشاني؟


عشان

عشان • (ʕašān)

لازم روح عشان مرتي رجعت عالبيت

I must go because my wife has returned home.

رح كرّر مرّة تانية عشان تفهمو منيح

Raḥ karrir marra tānyi ʕašān tifhamū mnīḥ.

I’ll repeat once more so that you understand well.


بي

From a diminutive of Arabic أَب (ʔab). Compare also North Levantine Arabic خي (ḵayy, “brother”) vis-à-vis Arabic أَخ (ʔaḵ).

cog

Coordinate term: إم (ʔimm, “mother”)


نقز

apc-verb

نَقَز • (naʔaz) I (non-past ينقز (yinʔuz))

نِقِز • (niʔiz) I (non-past ينقز (yinʔaz))

نَقَز (canonical)
naʔaz (romanization)
ينقز (non-past)
نِقِز (canonical)
niʔiz (romanization)
ينقز (non-past)

Inherited from Arabic نَقَزَ (naqaza, “to jump”).


نقز

apc-verb

نقّز • (naʔʔaz) II (non-past ينقّز (ynaʔʔiz))

نقّز (canonical)
naʔʔaz (romanization)
ينقّز (non-past)


سكربينة

apc-noun

سكربينة • (skarbīne) f (plural سكربينات (skarbīnāt))

skarbīne (romanization)
سكربينات (plural)

From Italian scarpino, diminutive of scarpa (“shoe”), probably via or at least influenced by French escarpin (“high-heeled shoe”).


راق

apc-verb

راق • (rāʔ) I (non-past يروق (yrūʔ), active participle رايق (rāyeʔ))

rāʔ (romanization)
يروق (non-past)
رايق (active participle)


كذاب

apc-noun

كذاب • (kizzāb) m (plural كذَّابين (kizzābīn), feminine كذَّابة (kizzāba))

kizzāb (romanization)
كذَّابين (plural)
كذَّابة (feminine)

Learned borrowing from Arabic كَذَّاب (kaḏḏāb).


وعى

اوعى تحكي هيك قدامي!

Don't you talk like that in front of me!

(imperative form + verb) don't you (emphatic negated imperative)


منيح

apc-adj

منيح • (mnīḥ) (feminine منيحة (mnīḥa), common plural مناح (mnāḥ))

mnīḥ (romanization)
منيحة (feminine)
مناح (common plural)

From Arabic مَلِيح (malīḥ) with assimilation of the -l- to the adjacent nasal. Compare a similar assimilation in مبارح (mbēriḥ), from Arabic اَلْبَارِحَ (al-bāriḥa).

انا منيح، وانتا كيفك؟


اولريدي

head

اولريدي • (ʾōlrēdi)

ʾōlrēdi (romanization)
اوريدي (alternative)

From English already, there being no direct equivalent to the word in Arabic.

حكيولي النكته، بس كنت بعرفا اولريدي

Ḥikyū-li n-nikti, bas kint baʿrfa ʾōlrēdi.

They told me the joke, but I already knew it.


لبك

لبك • (labbak) (present بيلبك (bilabbik))

From rarer Arabic لَبَّكَ (labbaka, “to mix, to confuse”). Probably with -l- for -r- the same root as in Arabic أَرْبَكَ (ʔarbaka, “to confuse, to embarrass”).


سئيل

apc-adjective

سئيل • (saʔīl) (feminine سئيلة (saʔīle), common plural سئيلين (saʔīlīn), elative أسئل (ʔasʔal))

saʔīl (romanization)
سئيلة (feminine)
سئيلين (common plural)
أسئل (elative)

Semi-learned borrowing from Arabic ثَقِيل (ṯaqīl, “heavy; dislikable”). Doublet of تقيل (tʔīl, “heavy”), the inherited form. Unrelated to سُؤال (suʔāl, “question”).

slbor

mean, dislikable, buzzkill, annoying (person)


هيا

hayyā (romanization)
hayyē (romanization)

وينهن الولاد؟
 .هيّاهن عم بيلعبو برا

waynhon l-wlēd?
hayyēhon ʕam byelʕabo barra

Where are the kids?
 They are outside playing.

(with a pronominal suffix) there is, there are


مذوق

apc-adjective

مذوق • (mizweʔ) (feminine مذوقة (mizwʔa, mizweʔa), common plural مذوقين (mizwʔīn, mizweʔīn), feminine plural مذوقات (mizwʔāt, mizweʔāt))

mizweʔ (romanization)
مذوقة (feminine)
مذوقين (common plural)
مذوقات (feminine plural)

Formed natively in Levantine Arabic from the non-native learned borrowing ذوق (zōʔ, “taste”).
The presence of a sibilant ذ (/z/) indicates a learned borrowing from Standard Arabic, since the native cognate of this root in Levantine has no sibilant. This is seen in words such as داق (dāʔ, “to taste”, verb), inherited from Arabic ذَاقَ (ḏāqa).
However, the form مذوق (mizwiʔ) itself does not follow Standard Arabic patterns. There is no attested form *مُذْوِق (muḏwiq), and the expected Standard Arabic form would be مُذِيق (muḏīq), based on the hollow root structure. This form is only known as the active participle of أَذَاقَ (ʔaḏāqa, “to give a taste”), and would have produced a Levantine reflex like *مذيق (muzīʔ, mzīʔ), not مذوق (mizwiʔ).
The Levantine Arabic template مِفْعِل (miCCiC) comes from the original active participle مُفْعِل (muCCiC) of form IV verbs in Standard Arabic. However, Levantine dialects eventually separated this pattern from Form IV verbs and began using it independently to form adjectives, often from nouns rather than verbs. The word مذوق (mizwiʔ) was likely created in this later stage, derived directly from the noun ذوق (zōʔ, “taste”), which by then had become fully integrated into the dialect.


هين

apc-adj

هين • (hayyin) (feminine هينة (hayyne), elative أهين (ʾahyan) or أهون (ʾahwan))

hayyin (romanization)
هينة (feminine)
أهين (elative)
أهون (elative)

الإمتحان كان كتير هين.

ما في أهون من هيك.


معكرونة

apc-noun

معكرونة • (maʕkarōne) f


كرمال

head

كرمال • (kirmāl)

Visibly a univerbation of Arabic كُرْمًا لِ، كُرْمَى لِ (kurman li, kurmā li, “as an act of generosity toward”), attested in that meaning along with كُرْمَةً لِ (kurmatan li) in lexicons compiled as early as the 10th century. Compare عقبال.

inh

كُرْمًا لِ، كُرْمَى لِ

أنا بعِيش بس كرمال ولادي.


كرمال

head

كرمال • (kirmāl)

inh

كُرْمًا لِ، كُرْمَى لِ

راحت معي عالمحل كرمال تشتري بندورة

rāḥit maʿi ʿal-maḥall kirmāl tištiri banadūra

She went to the store with me to buy tomatoes.

She went with me to the store for that she buy tomatoes


جبس

jabas (romanization)
جبسة (feminine singulative)

Likely borrowed from Iranian, compare especially Northern Kurdish zebeş and jebeş as well as Zazaki debes. Ultimately from Middle Persian [script needed] (hlbyck' /xarbīzag/, “watermelon”); a doublet of خِرْبِز (ḵirbiz, “melon”).


وج

وجّ (canonical)
wijj (romanization)
وجوه (plural)
وش (alternative)


بشع

apc-adjective

بشع • (bišeʕ) (feminine بشعة (bišʕa), common plural بشعين (bišʕīn), feminine plural بشعات (bišʕāt))

bišeʕ (romanization)
بشعة (feminine)
بشعين (common plural)
بشعات (feminine plural)


روق

apc-verb

روق • (rawwaʔ) II (non-past يروَق (yirawwiʔ))


هلأد

halʾad (romanization)
هلقد (alternative)
هالقد (alternative)

From Arabic هٰذَا الْقَدْر (hāḏā al-qadr, “this amount”).

inh

هٰذَا الْقَدْر


هلأد

هٰذَا الْقَدْر


بلاش

apc-noun

بلاش • (balāš) m

Probably from Arabic بِلَا شَيْء (bi-lā šayʔ, “for nothing”). Eventually the b- was considered part of the word, and the preposition ب (b(i)-) is now added before it again.

der

ما في شي ببلاش غير العمى والطراش.

Ma fi ši bi-balāš ḡayr il-ʿama wi-ṭ-ṭarāš.

Nothing is for free except blindness and deafness. (A saying.)

No charge; no money; a price of zero; (in context) for free; gratis.


خاشوكة

head

ḵāšūqa, ḵāšūga

ḵawāšīq, ḵawāšīg

خَاشُوكَة • (ḵāšūqa, ḵāšūga) f (plural خَوَاشِيك (ḵawāšīq, ḵawāšīg))

خَاشُوكَة (canonical)
ḵāšūqa (romanization)
ḵāšūga (romanization)
خَوَاشِيك (plural)

alternative spelling of خاشوقة (ḵāšūqa, ḵāšūga, “spoon”)


قزمة

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish قازمه (kazma).


بقا

baʔa (romanization)
baʔ̣a (romanization)

Probably from Arabic بَقَى (baqā, “to remain, stay”, verb) crystallizing in the third-person masculine past conjugation, even though the verb itself mostly has the voweling بِقِي (biʔi) in the vernacular. For the crystallization, compare قام (ʔām, “up and”), قال (ʔāl, “apparently”), ما عاد (ma ʕād, “no longer”).

inh

يلّا انتوق بقا

هالشعب حلو يقوم بقا

This nation is long past due to rise up already

خَلّصِيني بقا موّتّيني

Hurry up already, you've kept me waiting forever

قلتلو يلاقيني بس يخلص الصف بقا التقينا

ʔiltillo ylāʔīni bas yiḵlaṣ ṣ-ṣaff baʔa ltaʔayna

I told him to meet me once his class was over, so then we met

ما عنا خضرة بقا


قراية

apc-noun

قراية • (ʔrāye) f (plural قرايات (ʔrāyāt))


خستخانة

خستخانة • (ḵastaḵāni) f (plural خستخانات (ḵastaḵanēt))

ḵastaḵāni (romanization)
خستخانات (plural)

From Ottoman Turkish خستهخانه (hastahane, “hospital”).


درابة

apc-noun

درابة • (darrābe) f (plural درابات (darrābāt))

desctree

→ Turkish: taraba
→ Albanian: tarabë
→ Bulgarian: та́раба (táraba)
→ Macedonian: та́раба (táraba)
→ Romanian: tarabă
→ Serbo-Croatian: та̀раба / tàraba

Presumably a derivation from دَرْب (darb, “pass”).

a kind shop-front shutter, store-front fence

«هيا بنا لنجلس على "الدرابة" ونتكلم». و"الدرّابة": هي مكان مرتفع في ساحة القرية مخصص للجلوس

2008 February 17, “حكايات رمضان "أيام زمان"..”, in eSyria (in Arabic):

“Come to us to sit on the darrāba and talk!” And the darrāba is an elevated place on the village square destined for sitting.

an elevated area in front of buildings to sit


شلمونة

apc-noun

شلمونة • (šalimōne) f (plural شلمونات (šalimōnāt))

šalimōne (romanization)
شلمونات (plural)

From French chalumeau (“drinking straw”).


شوربة

شوربة • (šōrba) f (plural شوربات (šōrbāt))

From Ottoman Turkish چوربا (çorba) and/or Persian شوربا (šurbâ) or شورباه (šurbâ).

bor

<i class="Latn mention" lang="tr">çorba</i>


شربان

šarbān (romanization)
širbān (romanization)

From شرب (širib, “to drink”), with the adjectival or participial measure فعلان (faʕlān, fiʕlān). Compare Maltese xurban.

active participle of شِرِب (širib, “to drink”)


شربان

apc-adj

شَرْبَان or شِرْبَان • (šarbān or širbān) (feminine شَرْبَانَة (šarbāne) or شِرْبَانَة (širbāne), masculine plural شَرْبَانِين (šarbānīn) or شَرْبَانِين (širbānīn))

شَرْبَان (canonical)
شِرْبَان (canonical)
šarbān (romanization)
širbān (romanization)
شَرْبَانَة (feminine)
شِرْبَانَة (feminine)
شَرْبَانِين (masculine plural)
شَرْبَانِين (masculine plural)


خي

apc-noun

خي • (ḵayy) m (plural إخوة (ʔiḵwe) or إخوات (ʔiḵwāt), feminine إخت (ʔiḵt))

ḵayy (romanization)
إخوة (plural)
إخوات (plural)
إخت (feminine)

From a diminutive of Arabic أَخ (ʔaḵ). Compare also بي (bayy, “father”) vis-à-vis Arabic أَب (ʔab).


خي

Possibly from Arabic خَيْر (ḵayr, “good, goodness”, noun), making it a doublet of North Levantine Arabic خير (ḵayr /ḵayr, ḵēr/). The ر (r) would have been sporadically deleted before monophthongization became widespread.
Comparable South Levantine Arabic خوي (ḵoy, same meaning) is harder to explain in this manner, but if not a sporadic vowel shift from خَيّ (ḵayy) it could be a reduction of a diminutive *خويّ (ḵwayy). This would in turn be either derived directly from خَيّ (ḵayy) or descended from *خوير (ḵwayr), itself a diminutive of خير (ḵayr).

cog

خَيّْ... خلصنا من أَول جنرال...

2005, Stavro Jabra, التمثيل الناقص [The missing representative], Lebanon, archived from the original on 2019-11-11:

Thank goodness... we've gotten rid of the first general...

relief! (expressing pleasure with a sudden absence of stress or noise)


ولاد

children; boys; sons
plural of ولد (walad, “boy”)

children; boys; sons
plural of ابن (ibin, “son”)


كلسات

head

كَلْسَات • (kalsāt) f pl

كَلْسَات (canonical)
kalsāt (romanization)


كلسة

كلسة • (kalse) f (plural كَلْسَات (kalsāt))

From Italian calza and Italian calzetta, ultimately from Early Medieval Latin calcea, like Greek κάλτσα (káltsa), Western Neo-Aramaic ܟܠܫܢܘ (kalšinō), and Tunisian Arabic قلسيطة (qalsīta).


دينة

apc-noun

دينة • (dayne) f (plural دينين (dīnayn))

From a diminutive of Arabic أُذُن (ʔuḏun). The plural (or original dual) may be in part directly from Arabic أُذُنَيْن (ʔuḏunayn).


كلينكس

head

كلينكس • (klēnaks)

kleenex; paper tissue; napkin; a soft, disposable piece of cloth


إجا

apc-verb

إجا • (ʾija) I (non-past يجي (yiji), active participle جاي (jāy))

ʾija (romanization)
يجي (non-past)
جاي (active participle)


دغري

apc-adverb

دغري • (diḡri)


كلة

apc-noun

كلة • (gille) f (plural كلل (gulal) or كلول (glūl) or كلال (glāl))

gille (romanization)
كلل (plural)
كلول (plural)
كلال (plural)
غلة (alternative)
جلة (alternative)
چلة (alternative)
گلة (alternative)
گل (alternative)


يوسف أفندي

يوسف أفندي • (yūsef afandī) ?


ضهر

From Arabic ظَهَرَ (ẓahara, “to appear, become visible”).

inh

رح اضهر اتمشى شوي بالشارع.

I’m going out to take a walk in the street.


يا دلي

From Arabic ذُلّ (ḏull, “humiliation, abasement”), thus roughly “oh my shame!”.

der

يا دلي! شو صايرلك حبيبي؟


نبش

apc-verb

نبش • (nabbaš) II (non-past ينبش (ynabbiš))

نبشت عليه/عنو، بس ما لقيت شي.

I’ve looked for it, but I didn’t find anything.

عم بينبش ع شغل.


جدولة

apc-noun

جدولة • (jaddūle) f (plural جداديل (jdedīl) or جدايل (jadēyil))

jaddūle (romanization)
جداديل (plural)
جدايل (plural)


لإنو

laʔinno (romanization)
لئنو (alternative)
لأنو (alternative)

ل (la-, “to, for”) + إنو (ʔinno, “that”), formally corresponding to Arabic لِأَنَّهُ (liʔannahu) — that is, لِأَنَّ (liʔanna) + cataphorical pronominal suffix.

رح إنتحر لإنو ما حدا بيحبني

I’m gonna kill myself because nobody loves me.


لأنو

liʔanno (romanization)
لإنو (alternative)
لئنو (alternative)

Ultimately identical to لإنو, but fashioned on or borrowed directly from Modern Standard Arabic لِأَنَّهُ (liʔannahu) instead of composing it from each part's synchronic equivalent.


فريز

head

فريز • (frēz) m


كلب البحر

Iḍāfah construction from Arabic كَلْب (kalb) and Arabic الْبَحْر (al-baḥr), literally "dog of the sea". Compare Maltese kelb il-baħar.


ضو

apc-noun

ضو • (ḍaww) m (plural إضوية (ʔiḍwye) or أضوية (ʔuḍwye) or ضواوي (ḍwāwi))

ḍaww (romanization)
إضوية (plural)
أضوية (plural)
ضواوي (plural)


جحش

جحش • (jaḥš) m (plural جحاش (jḥāš), feminine جحشة (jaḥše))

jaḥš (romanization)
جحاش (plural)
جحشة (feminine)

From Arabic جَحْش (jaḥš, “young donkey”).


تقيل

apc-adj

تقيل • (tʔīl) (feminine تقيلة (tʔīle), common plural تقال (tʔāl), elative أتقل (ʔatʔal))

tʔīl (romanization)
تقيلة (feminine)
تقال (common plural)
أتقل (elative)

From Arabic ثَقِيل (ṯaqīl). Doublet of سئيل (saʔīl).


ورق عنب

ورق (waraq, “leaf”) + عنب (ʕinab, “vine, grape”)


يالانجي

apc-noun

يالانجي • (yālanji) m

From Ottoman Turkish یالانجی (yalancı, “liar”), in reference to its appearance being the same as a regular meat-filled dolma.


عيط

apc-verb

عيط • (ʕayyaṭ) II (non-past يعيط (yʕayyeṭ))


شقل

head

شقل • (šaʾal) (non-past يشقل (yišʾil, yišʾul))


دراع

apc-noun

دراع • (drāʕ, drēʕ) m

Inherited from Arabic ذِرَاع (ḏirāʕ, “forearm, cubit”).

inh+

cubit (distance from the middle finger to the elbow, or a standard measurement approximating this distance)

arm's length (informal measurement of distance from the wrist to the shoulder)


قشع

head

ʔišiʕ, ʔašaʕ

قشع • (ʔišiʕ, ʔašaʕ) (non-past يقشع (yiʔšaʕ))

ʔišiʕ (romanization)
ʔašaʕ (romanization)
يقشع (non-past)

From Arabic قَشَعَ (qašaʕa, “to disperse”), implying "to disperse the fog", and thus "to see clearly". Compare اِنْقَشَعَ (inqašaʕa).


هادا

هادا • (hāda) (feminine هيّ (hayy), plural هدول (hadōl))

hāda (romanization)
هيّ (feminine)
هدول (plural)


بلوزة

apc-noun

بلوزة • (blūze) f (plural بلوزات (blūzāt) or بلايز (balāyiz) or بلوَز (bluwaz))

blūze (romanization)
بلوزات (plural)
بلايز (plural)
بلوَز (plural)

top (any type of garment covering the torso worn by someone of either gender), shirt


پنك

apc-verb

پنّك • (pannak) (non-past يپنك (ypannik))

پنّك (canonical)
pannak (romanization)
يپنك (non-past)

Borrowed from English panic / French panique.

ضيعت ابني بالمول وپنكت كتير

I lost my son in the mall and panicked a lot.

المفروض إنه يتصرف زي العالم والناس بلا ما يپنك عالسوشال ميديا

al-mafrūḍ inno yitṣarraf zayy el-ʕālam wan-nās bala ma ypannik ʕas-sōšāl mīdya

What he's supposed to do is behave like a functioning member of society instead of flipping on social media.


قرقع

قرقع • (qarqeʕ) Iq (non-past بيِقَرْقِع (biqarqiʕ))

qarqeʕ (romanization)
بيِقَرْقِع (non-past)


أشطمان

apc-noun

أشطمان • (ʔašṭmān) m

ʔašṭmān (romanization)
أشكمان (alternative)
أشكمون (alternative)

Borrowed from French échappement (“exhaust pipe”, literally “escapement”), clipped from pot d’échappement.


دبش

apc-adj

دبش • (dibiš) (feminine دبشة (dibše), common plural دبشين (dibšīn))

dibiš (romanization)
دبشة (feminine)
دبشين (common plural)

Unknown. Compare Gulf Arabic دَبْش (dabš, “idiot”), Najdi Arabic دِبْشَة (dibša, “stupid”).


صرماية

apc-noun

صُرْمَايَة • (ṣurmāyi) f (plural صَرَامِي (ṣarāmi))

صُرْمَايَة (canonical)
ṣurmāyi (romanization)
صَرَامِي (plural)

Repatterned from Persian چرم (čarm, “leather”).


شغلة

شغلة • (šaḡle) f (plural شغلات (šaḡlāt))


إنته

inte (romanization)
inti (romanization)
intu (romanization)


مرضان

apc-adjective

مرضان • (marḍān) (feminine مرضانة (marḍāne), common plural مرضانين (marḍānīn), feminine plural مرضانات (marḍānāt))

marḍān (romanization)
مرضانة (feminine)
مرضانين (common plural)
مرضانات (feminine plural)


خوفان

خوفان • (ḵawfān) (feminine خوفانة (ḵawfāne), common plural خوفانين (ḵawfānīn), feminine plural خوفانات (ḵawfānāt))

ḵawfān (romanization)
خوفانة (feminine)
خوفانين (common plural)
خوفانات (feminine plural)

From خوف (ḵawf, “fear”) + ـَان (-ān), a suffix used to form intensive adjectives.

Alternative form: خيفان (ḵayfān)


خويف

خويف • (ḵawwīf) (feminine خويفة (ḵawwīfe), common plural خويفين (ḵawwīfīn), feminine plural خويفات (ḵawwīfāt))

ḵawwīf (romanization)
خويفة (feminine)
خويفين (common plural)
خويفات (feminine plural)


مرق

apc-verb

مَرَق or مِرِق • (maraʔ or miriʔ) I (non-past يمرق (yumruʔ))

مَرَق (canonical)
مِرِق (canonical)
maraʔ (romanization)
miriʔ (romanization)
يمرق (non-past)

+obj

to pass or pass by, to go past [with من (min) ‘from someone or something’]

to pay a visit briefly, to stop by to see, to drop by to see [with على (ʕala) ‘on someone’]

to come to (someone's) attention, to cross (someone's) path, to be come upon or encountered [with على (ʕala) ‘on someone’]


مرق

apc-verb

مرّق • (marraʔ) II (non-past يمرّق (ymarriʔ))

مرّق (canonical)
marraʔ (romanization)
يمرّق (non-past)

مرّقيه هيدا هيئتو بدو يطحش

Let this guy pass, he looks like he wants to tailgate

to let slide (tolerate a violation of norms) [(optional) with dative ل ‘from someone’]


محبوس

apc-adj

محبوس • (maḥbūs) (feminine محبوسة (maḥbūse), common plural محبوسين (maḥbūsīn))

maḥbūs (romanization)
محبوسة (feminine)
محبوسين (common plural)

ar-root

ح ب س (ḥ b s)

stuck (not able to leave a particular place)


ستايل

apc-noun

ستايل • (stāyl) m

Borrowed from English style. Doublet of ستيل (stīl, “type (in a person)”).

doublet

ستايل الشعر


تروق

apc-verb

تروق • (trawwaʔ) V (non-past يتروق (yitrawwaʔ))

Compare Gulf Arabic تريق (trayyag) and Maltese trejjaq.


تاري

head

تاري • (tāri)

tāri (romanization)
تاريها (alternative)
تابي (alternative)

Uncertain. An earlier form *أَثَارِي (*ʔaṯārī) can be reconstructed from cognates, but further etymology requires speculation. Cognates include South Levantine Arabic أتاري (ʔatāri), Egyptian Arabic اتارى (ʔatāri) and اتابى (ʔatābi), Libyan Arabic تاريتا (tārīta), Najdi Arabic أثاري (ʔaṯāri), Hijazi Arabic أثاري (ʔatāri) and أثري (ʔatri), Gulf Arabic أثاري (ʔaṯāri) and أذاري (ʔaḏāri), Iraqi Arabic ثاري (ṯāri), and a form أفابي (ʔafābi) found in North Africa. In particular, Najdi Arabic أثِر (ʔaṯir) resembles Standard Arabic إِثْرَ (ʔiṯra, “as a result of”).
Building from that resemblance, the reconstructed *أَثَارِي (*ʔaṯārī) may reflect an Arabic *آثارِي (*ʔāṯār-ī), which would have been composed of آثار (ʔāṯār, “effects, impressions”) + ـِي (-ī, “my”) and undergone a similar semantic development to English “my impressions” before univerbating. Accordingly, cognate forms like Najdi Arabic إثري (ʔiṯri) and أثِر (ʔaṯir) would instead reflect the singular أَثَر (ʔaṯar, “effect, impression”).
This derivation from آثار (ʔāṯār, “effects, impressions”) would make for a rare example of a possessive pronoun, here ـِي (-ī, “my”), fusing into its stem and ceasing to function as a productive clitic. Indeed, تَارِي (tāri) behaves today as a single morpheme, able to take both further possessive pronouns as in تَارِيهَا (tārīha, “she seems to...”) and Lebanese imala as in تِارِي (tēri); contrast Lebanese تَارِي (tār-i, “my revenge”, never *tēr-i).
Alternatively, Anis Frayha records تَارِي (tāri) under the root ر ء ي (r ʔ y) in his dictionary of Lebanese Arabic, which invites a connection to e.g. Arabic تُرَى (turā, “I wonder..., say...”, interjection) and implies that تَارِي (tāri)’s ت (t) is a prefix, but this becomes untenable in light of its cognates in ث (ṯ).

ar-root

ر ء ي (r ʔ y)

noncog

يارا رسبت بالإمتحان
أتاري رجعت من المدرسة عم تبكي هديك اليوم؟

—yāra rasabit bi l-ʔimtiḥān
—ʔatāri rijʕit mnel-madrase ʕam tibki hadīk el-yōm?

—Yara failed the exam.
—So that's why she came home from school crying that day?

تاريك فهيم

تاري انت فهيم


اجرمن عن

ijramen ʕan (romanization)
اجرمنعن (alternative)

اجرمن عنّك خبيرة بكل شي

As expected from you, you're an expert in everything!

it seems, it should be, as one would expect


ترويقة

apc-noun

ترويقة • (tirwīʔa, tarwīʔa) f (plural ترويقات (tirwīʔāt, tarwīʔāt))

tirwīʔa (romanization)
tarwīʔa (romanization)
ترويقات (plural)

Derived from the instance noun of ترويق (tirwīʔ, tarwīʔ, “the act of having breakfast”), a verbal noun of تروق (trawwaʔ, “to have breakfast”) or روق (rawwaʔ, “to serve breakfast”). Cognate to Cypriot Arabic tirvike.


زقط

apc-verb

زقط • (zakaṭ) I (non-past يزقُط (yizkuṭ))

zakaṭ (romanization)
يزقُط (non-past)
زكط (alternative)


شلف

head

يشلُف ,يشلِف

شَلَف • (šalaf) (non-past يشلُف ,يشلِف (yišlof, yišlef), verbal noun شلف, šaləf)

شَلَف (canonical)
šalaf (romanization)
يشلُف (non-past)
شلف (noun-from-verb)
šaləf (noun-from-verb)

Probably related with Maltese xlief (“fishing line”) and xellef (“to chip”).


شلف

(by extension) to leave one's home, to move (from عن)


لعبج

لعبج • (laʕbaž) (non-past يلعبج (ylaʕbež))


لحجي

a poorly dressed person, a man with no taste in clothes


فزلكة

sophisticating, talking in too complex terms


خاوة

خاوة • (ḵāwe)

Ultimately from Arabic إِخَاوَةً (ʔiḵāwatan, “by brotherhood”), denoting getting things through nepotism and personal relations, then a euphemism for any forceful extortion, such as an illegal tax or toll.


صبينجي

apc-noun

صبينجي • (ṣibyanži) m

From صِبيان (“boys”), with shortening of ā (unshortened version also exists, but is rare), with جِي (jī), an occupational suffix of Turkish origin.


ناصح

apc-adj

ناصح • (nāṣiḥ)


تبسية

apc-noun

تبسية • (təbsiyye) f (plural تباسي (tbāsi))

təbsiyye (romanization)
تباسي (plural)
تبسة (alternative)

From Ottoman Turkish تپسی (tepsi, “tray”).


نحنا

From Arabic نَحْنُ (naḥnu), cognate with South Levantine Arabic احنا (ʔiḥna).

Enclitic form: ـنا (-na)


هدول

Blend of هٰذَا (hāḏā) + أُولَاءِ (ʔūlāʔi).


ايمتى

إيمتى (canonical)
ʔēmta (romanization)
ʔaymata (romanization)
امتى (alternative)


إدن

apc-noun

إدن • (ʾidn) f (dual أدنتين (ʾadntēn), plural أدنان (ʾadnān) or أدنين (ʾadnēn))

ʾidn (romanization)
أدنتين (dual)
أدنان (plural)
أدنين (plural)


شوي شوي

apc-adverb

شويّ شويّ • (šwayy šwayy)

شويّ شويّ (canonical)
šwayy šwayy (romanization)


هلق

hallaʔ (romanization)
هلأ (alternative alternative)

Contraction of هالوقت (ha-l-waʔt, “This time”).

شو منعمل هلق؟


تمانة

apc-numeral

تمانة • (tmāne)


إم

apc-noun

إم • (ʔimm) f (plural إمات (ʔimmāt) or إمهات (ʔimmahāt))

ʔimm (romanization)
إمات (plural)
إمهات (plural)


فوداس

head

فوداس • (fôdās)

fôdās (romanization)
فايدوس (alternative)


تلاجة

apc-noun

تلاجة • (tallāje) f (plural تلاجات (tallājāt))

From Arabic ثَلَّاجَة (ṯallāja, “refrigerator”).


أجدب

apc-adj

أجدب • (ʔajdab) (feminine جدبا (jadba) or جدبة (jadbe))

ʔajdab (romanization)
جدبا (feminine)
جدبة (feminine)

العمى شو أجدب


هنن

Borrowed directly from an Aramaic pronoun cognate to Classical Syriac ܗܢܘܢ (hennon), likely facilitated by its similarity to Arabic هُنَّ (hunna, “they”, feminine plural).


إسا

Contraction of الساعة (is-sāʔa, “the hour”). Compare Maltese issa, Iraqi Arabic هسا (hassa, “now”) and Egyptian Arabic لسا (lissa, “still”).


هيدي

feminine of هيدا (hayda): (Lebanon) this


شلون

apc-adverb

شلون • (šlōn)

Univerbation of شو (šū) + لون (lōn), literally “what color”.

univerbation

شلونك؟

شلونك؟


دانة

apc-noun

دانة • (dāne) f (dual دانتين (dāntēn), plural دانين (dānēn) or دنين (dinēn))

dāne (romanization)
دانتين (dual)
دانين (plural)
دنين (plural)


إخوات

head

إخوات • (ʔiḵwāt)


أركيلة

apc-noun

أركيلة • (ʔargīle) f (plural أراكيل (ʔarāgīl))

ʔargīle (romanization)
أراكيل (plural)
أرجيلة (alternative)
أرغيلة (alternative)
أرچيلة (alternative)
أرگيلة (alternative)

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish نارگیله (nargile).


كزدر

apc-verb

كزدر • (kazdar) Iq (non-past يكزدر (ykazdir))

kazdar (romanization)
يكزدر (non-past)
كذدر (alternative alternative)

Adapted borrowing of Ottoman Turkish كزدرمك (gezdirmek).

abor

to wander or go out without a destination in mind, to walk or drive around simply because one feels like it


طلعة

apc-noun

طلعة • (ṭalʕa) f (plural طلعات (ṭalʕāt))

outing with family or friends, get-together or hangout at someone's home


أركل

apc-verb

أركل • (ʔargal) (non-past يأركل (yʔargil))

ʔargal (romanization)
يأركل (non-past)
أرجل (alternative)
أرغل (alternative)
أرچل (alternative)
أرگل (alternative)


بروفا

apc-noun

بروفا • (prōva) f (plural بروفات (prōvāt))

prōva (romanization)
بروفات (plural)
بروڤا (alternative)
پروڤا (alternative)
بروفه (alternative)
بروڤه (alternative)
پروڤه (alternative)


ڤيزا

ڤيزا • (vīza) f (plural ڤيزات (vīzāt) or ڤيزَيَات (vīzayāt) or ڤيَز (viyaz))

vīza (romanization)
ڤيزات (plural)
ڤيزَيَات (plural)
ڤيَز (plural)


سحسوح

head

سحسوح • (saḥsūḥ) m


مايع

Inherited from Arabic مَائِع (māʔiʕ, “fluid, melty”, adjective).

inh+

coarse, crude, boorish, spoiled, ill-mannered


علقان

apc-adj

علقان • (ʕalʔān) (feminine علقانة (ʕalʔāne), common plural علقانين (ʕalʔānīn))

ʕalʔān (romanization)
علقانة (feminine)
علقانين (common plural)

stuck (in a situation without a clear solution)


عاطل

apc-adjective

عاطل • (ʕāṭil) (feminine عاطلة (ʕāṭla), common plural عاطلين (ʕāṭlīn) or عطل (ʕuṭṭal))

ʕāṭil (romanization)
عاطلة (feminine)
عاطلين (common plural)
عطل (common plural)


جازون

apc-noun

جازون • (gazōn) m (plural جازونات (gazōnat))

gazōn (romanization)
جازونات (plural)
جزون (alternative)
گازون (alternative)
چازون (alternative)
كازون (alternative)
غازون (alternative)


متة

Derived from Spanish mate m, derived from Quechua mati, with gender from the Arabic + ـة (-e).

Ilex paraguariensis
Ilex paraguariensis#Translingual

maté, chimarrão (Ilex paraguariensis plant and drink)


شحاد

شحاد • (šaḥḥād) m (plural شحَادين (šaḥḥādīn), feminine شحَادة (šaḥḥāde))

šaḥḥād (romanization)
شحَادين (plural)
شحَادة (feminine)

inh

Arabic شَحَّاذ (šaḥḥāḏ)

شحَاد ومشارط

šaḥḥād we mšāriṭ


ونص

head

ونص • (w-nuṣṣ)

Literally: “and a half”. See نص (“half”).

يعني، مانا مشكلة كبيرة. — هي مشكلة كبيرة ونص!

yaʕni, manna miškle kbīre. — hiye miškle kbīre w-nuṣṣ!

Well, it's not such a big problem. — It's very much a big problem!

Well, it's not such a big problem. — It's a big problem and a half!

very much, indeed; used for emphasis, especially to express a contradiction


قيقباج

From Arabic قَيْقَب (qayqab, “maple; nettle tree; hackberry; saddle-wood”).


وادي بعنقودين

head

وادي بعنقودين

وادي بعنقودين • (wādi bʕanqūdīn) f

From وادي (wādi) + Aramaic בי (bē, “house”) + Aramaic ܥܢܩܘܕܝܢ (ʿanqūḏīn, literally “clusters”).

af

Jezzine District
Jezzine District#English

South Governorate
South Governorate#English

Wadi B'Anqudin (a village in the Jezzine District, South Governorate, Lebanon)


نتش

Probably from a Western Aramaic word cognate to Classical Syriac ܢܬܰܫ (ntaš, “to tear, to pluck out, to extract, to bite, to reduce”).

cog

هو نتش التفاحة


تلاجات

head

تلاجات • (tallājāt)


فنتر

apc-verb

فنتر • (fantar) Iq (non-past يفنتر (yfantir))


أح

ما عم بلاقي الورود. شفتيهن شي؟
 .أحهن هونيك

mā ʕam blēʔe l-wrūd. šiftiyon ši?
ʔaḥinne hōnīke

I can't find the flowers. Have you seen them?
They are there.


لو بدها تشتي، كانت غيمت

head

لو بدها تشتي، كانت غيمت

لو بدها تشتي، كانت غيمت • (law badda tšatti, kānet ḡayyamit)

law badda tšatti (romanization)
kānet ḡayyamit (romanization)

/law bad.da tʃat.te keːn(ə)t ˈɣaj.ja.mɪt/

Literally: “if it were to rain, it would have become cloudy.”

If something were to happen, the signs would show.

en-لو_بدها_تشتي،_كانت_غيمت-apc-phrase-zMD~ZJF~


عايش بالخسة

عايش بالخسة • (ʿāyeš bil-ḵasse)

Used to address someone who is unrealistic or is not aware of their surroundings. Similar use to the English expression “La-La Land.”


ياترى

yatara (romanization)
يا ترى (alternative)

From يا (ya) + ترى (tara). See Arabic تُرَى (turā).

يا ترى طلعوا ولا لسّى


شوفاج

apc-noun

شوفاج • (šūfāj) ?


كزدورة

kazdura (romanization)
كذدورة (alternative)

Possibly from Ottoman Turkish كزمك; compare Turkish gezmek.

يسرد هشام كراجي بحسرة كيف اختفت كل مظاهر "الكزدورة" (المشوار) والسهر والاستمتاع بعطلة نهاية الأسبوع، ويقول لـ"العربي الجديد": "بالكاد نستطيع اليوم تأمين الطعام والشراب وأقساط المدارس. أركن سيارتي منذ فترة طويلة ولا أستخدمها إطلاقاً بسبب غلاء سعر الوقود".

2022-03-29, Sarah Matar, “Lebanon's "Kazdora"...a heavy burden on the pockets”, in Al-Araby Al-Jadeed:

Hisham Karaji recounts with regret how all aspects of the "kazdoura" (the walk), staying up late and enjoying the weekend have disappeared. He told Al-Araby Al-Jadeed: "Today we can hardly secure food, drink and school fees. I've been parking my car for a long time and I don't use it at all because of the high price of fuel." .

a trip with no planned destination, a stroll or drive because one feels like it


سوبرماركت

سوبرماركت • (supermārkit) m (plural سوبرمركات (sūpirmirkāt))

supermārkit (romanization)
سوبرمركات (plural)


يبراق

head

يبراق • (yabrāʔ)


بيك

→ Turkish: bik — Gaziantep

pick, a stonemason’s tool for cutting blocks of stone


مهضوم

apc-adj

مهضوم • (mahḍūm) (feminine مهضومة (mahḍūme))

From Arabic مَهْضُوم (mahḍūm, literally “digested, well digestible”).

inh

ياي شو مهضومة كلماتو
 دبت بكلمة كيف لو كانو تنين

Wow, how sweet his words were!
 I melted away from one word, what if there had been two!

yāy šu mahḍūme kilmātu!
 dibt b-kilme, kīf law kānu tnayn!


أسانسير

head

أسانسير • (āsānsīr)


تشايدان

apc-noun

تشايدان • (tšāydān) m

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish [script needed] (çaydan), from Classical Persian چَایْدَان (čāydān).


بسينة

apc-noun

بسينة • (bsayne) f (plural بسينات (bsaynāt), masculine بسين (bsayn))

bsayne (romanization)
بسينات (plural)
بسين (masculine)

Diminutive of Arabic بَسَّة (bassa, “female cat”).


جرسون

جرسون • (garsōn) m (plural جراسين (garāsīn), feminine جرسونة (garsōne))

garsōn (romanization)
جراسين (plural)
جرسونة (feminine)
كرسون (alternative alternative)
گرسون (alternative alternative)
چرسون (alternative alternative)
غرسون (alternative alternative)


جرسونة

جرسونة • (garsōne) f (plural جرسونات (garsōnāt), masculine جرسون)

garsōne (romanization)
جرسونات (plural)
جرسون (masculine)


ڤرندة

ڤرندة • (varanda) f (plural ڤرندات (varandāt))

varanda (romanization)
ڤرندات (plural)
برندة (alternative)

Borrowed from Italian veranda and/or French véranda.


برندة

برندة • (baranda) f (plural برندات (barandāt))


گرب

apc-verb

گرّب • (garrab) (non-past يگرّب (ygarrib))

گرّب (canonical)
garrab (romanization)
يگرّب (non-past)

Denominal verb of گريب (grīb), from French grippe.

أنا مگرَّب اليوم.

شو صارلك؟ گربتي؟


باسبور

apc-noun

باسبور • (paspōr) m (plural باسبورات (paspōrāt))

paspōr (romanization)
باسبورات (plural)
پاسپور (alternative)


عجقة

عجقة • (ʕajʔa) f (plural عجقات (ʕajʔāt))

ʕajʔa (romanization)
عجقات (plural)
عجئة (alternative)

Instance noun of the verb عَجَق (ʕajaʔ), which see.
Early dictionaries only attest the emotional sense, which may indicate that the crowd sense developed in parallel with the same sense of أزمة (ʔazme), originally "crisis".

(possibly obsolete) emotional distress, worry, uncertainty


عجقة

apc-adj

عجقة • (ʕajʔa)

هون عجقة.


صباط

apc-noun

صبّاط • (ṣubbāṭ) m (plural صبابيط (ṣabābīṭ))

Alternative form: سباط (subbāt)


بنوب

apc-adverb

بنوب • (bnōb)

From بـ (bi-, “in, with”) + a component related to Arabic نَوْبَة (nawba), maybe specifically the sense "time, instance, occurrence". If so, then probably formed in a similar way to North Levantine Arabic بالمرة (bi-l-marra), which contains مرة (marra, “(a) time, instance”).

noncog

مَا عَم كَذِّب بنوب.


گراڤات

apc-noun

گراڤات • (grāvāt) f (plural گراڤاتات (grāvātāt))

grāvāt (romanization)
گراڤاتات (plural)
كراڤات (alternative)
غراڤات (alternative)
جراڤات (alternative)
چراڤات (alternative)
غرافات (alternative)


طابة

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish طوپ (top). Compare Iraqi Arabic طوبة (ṭōbe).


سپور

سپور • (spōr) m

spōr (romanization)
سبور (alternative alternative)


سپور

apc-adj

سپور • (spōr)

كون سپور!


جغل

jagal (romanization)
ججل (alternative)
جگل (alternative)
جچل (alternative)

شوفوا هالجگل هونيك.

(Lebanon) a good-looking man, a womaniser, stud, hot-stuff


تونت

apc-noun

تونت • (tōnt) f (plural نونتات (tōntāt))

تونت فاتن عالتلفون


كلك ذوق

كلّ (kill, “all”) + ـك (-ak, -ek, “you”) + ذوق (zо̄ʔ, “taste”)

af

you're too kind (oftentimes in response to a compliment)


جاتوه

apc-noun

جاتوه • (gātō) m (plural جاتوهات (gātōhāt) or جاتويات (gātōyāt))

جاتّوه • (gattō) m (plural جاتّوهات (gattōhāt) or جاتّويات (gattōyāt))

gātō (romanization)
جاتوهات (plural)
جاتويات (plural)
جاتّوه (canonical)
gattō (romanization)
جاتّوهات (plural)
جاتّويات (plural)
جتوه (alternative)
جاتو (alternative)
گاتوه (alternative)
چاتوه (alternative)
كاتو (alternative)
كاتوه (alternative)
غاتوه (alternative)


سنغري

سنغري • (sangari) m (plural سنغرية (sangariyye), feminine سنغرية (sangariyye))

sangari (romanization)
سنغرية (plural)
سنغرية (feminine)
سنكري (alternative alternative)
سنچري (alternative alternative)
سنگري (alternative alternative)
سمغري (alternative)
سنغرجي (alternative)
سمغرجي (alternative)

Originally referred to a tinker (“tinsmith”) in Arabic, and was perhaps borrowed from Italian zingaro (“Gypsy, Roma, tinker”). The m of some alternative forms would then be from sporadic dissimilation.

bor+

مين؟ جهاد المقاول؟ ولا سمير الحلاق؟ ولا توني السنغري؟ ولا شفيق اللي عم يدرس بالجامعة؟

2017, chapter 1 (8:49 from the start), in كراميل [Caramel], season 1, spoken by Maya (Maguy Bou Ghosn), Lebanon:

Who? Jihad the contractor? Or was it Sameer the barber? Or was it Tony the plumber? Or was it Shafiq who's studying at university?


مأنغر

apc-adj

مأنغر • (mʔangar) (feminine مأنغرة (mʔangara), masculine plural مأنغرين (mʔangarīn))

mʔangar (romanization)
مأنغرة (feminine)
مأنغرين (masculine plural)

From English anger, then transformed into the active form.


ليك

ليك يا حبوب، أنا متلك منشتغل نفس الشغلة وبعرف البير وغطاه

2017, chapter 9 (18:07 from the start), in كراميل [Caramel], season 1, spoken by Maya (Maguy Bou Ghosn), Lebanon, via MBC 4:

Look, darling, I'm like you in that we do the same thing, and I know what you're not telling me

(imperative) listen, pay attention (used to draw attention to the speaker themself)


سپدرين

apc-noun

سپدرين • (spadrīn) m (plural سپدرينات (spadrīnēt))

spadrīn (romanization)
سپدرينات (plural)
سبدرين (alternative alternative)

Borrowed from French espadrille. Compare Moroccan Arabic سبرديلة (sbardīla).

(Lebanon) sneaker, trainer, running shoe


إنجنار

ʔenginār (romanization)
إنغنار (alternative)
إنكنار (alternative)
إنچنار (alternative)
إنگنار (alternative)

[ʔenɡɪˈnaːɾ]

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish انكنار (enginar).


پرفان

apc-noun

پرفان • (parfān) m (plural پرفانات (parfānāt))

parfān (romanization)
پرفانات (plural)
برفان (alternative alternative)


سندويشة

سندويشة • (sandwīše) f (plural سندويشات (sandwīšāt))

sandwīše (romanization)
سندويشات (plural)


گراماتيك

گراماتيك • (grāmātīk) m


شكلاة

شكلاة • (šukulā) f (plural شكلاتات (šukulātāt))


سيڤ

apc-verb

سيڤ • (sayyav) II (non-past يسيڤ (ysayyiv))

Alternative spelling of سيف (sayyav, “to save”)


زت

زتّيته؟

زتِّيها برا


لوتو

apc-noun

لوتو • (lōtō) m

لوتو اللبناني


بوتجاز

بوتجاز • (būtagāz) m (plural بوتجازات (būtagāzāt))

būtagāz (romanization)
بوتجازات (plural)
بوتاجاز (alternative)
بوتگاز (alternative)
بوتغاز (alternative)
بوتچاز (alternative)

Genericized trademark of Butagaz. Compare Hijazi Arabic بوتوقاز (butugāz).


بوتاجاز

بوتاجاز • (būtagāz) m (plural بوتاجازات (būtagāzāt))

būtagāz (romanization)
بوتاجازات (plural)


ستيل

Borrowed from French style. Doublet of ستايل (stāyl, “style”).

لأ، ما صار شي. أصلًا منه ستيلي

2017, chapter 17 (11:15 from the start), in كراميل [Caramel], season 1, spoken by Dalia (Carine Salameh), Lebanon:

No, nothing happened. Besides, he's not my type.


صوبيا

صوبيا • (ṣōbya) f (plural صوبيات (ṣōbyāt))

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish صوبا (soba).

bor+

stove, heating stove (for warming a room)


عبوطة

apc-noun

عبوطة • (ʕabbūṭa) f (plural عبوطات (ʕabbūṭāt))


زاروبة

زاروبة • (zārūbe) f (plural زاروبات (zārūbāt))

ولشو بتفوتِ بزاروبة؟ ليش ما بتظليش حدنا من الأساس؟

2024, chapter 4 (23:42 from the start), in ع أمل:

And what are you entering an alleyway for? Why didn't you stay next to us to begin with?

walašū bitfūti bzārūbe? lēš mā bitḍallīš ħaddna min alʔasās?

a long, narrow lane, path or alleyway in-between buildings


غواد

غواد • (guwwād) m (plural غوادين (guwwādīn), feminine غوادة (guwwāde))

guwwād (romanization)
غوادين (plural)
غوادة (feminine)
جواد (alternative)
چواد (alternative)
كواد (alternative)
گواد (alternative)

بتشغل بنات؟... غوادة يعني؟

2025, chapter 13 (16:19 from the start), in بالدم [Bid-damm], season 1, spoken by Ghaliyah (Maguy Bou Ghosn), Lebanon, via MTV Lebanon, Shahid:

She has girls working for her?... So she's a pimp then?

(vulgar) prostitute ringleader, someone that pimps out girls (usually for sex), pimp


رجلج

apc-verb

رجلج • (raglaj) (non-past يرجلج (yraglij))

raglaj (romanization)
يرجلج (non-past)
رغلج (alternative)
ركلج (alternative)
رگلج (alternative)
رچلج (alternative)

Denominal verb of رجلاج (riglāj), from French réglage.

to make something how it was before, to reregulate


إدعش

apc-numeral

إدعش • (idaʕš)

idaʕš (romanization)
ايدعش (alternative alternative)

From Arabic أَحَدَ عَشَرَ (ʔaḥada ʕašara).

inh

أَحَدَ عَشَرَ

Arabic أَحَدَ عَشَرَ (ʔaḥada ʕašara)

Coordinate term: (attributive form) ادعشر (idaʕšar)


تيارة

apc-noun

تيارة • (tayyāra) f (plural تيارات (tayyārāt))

Inherited from Arabic طَيَّارَة (ṭayyāra) with the first consonant unpharyngealised.

inh+

female equivalent of تيار (tayyār, “pilot”)


تابلوه

apc-noun

تابلوه • (tablō) m (plural تابلويات (tablōyāt))


طنعش

apc-numeral

طنعش • (tˤnaʕš)

inh

Arabic ثاني عَشَرَ

Coordinate term: (attributive form) طنعشر (tˤnaʕšar)


تلتطعش

apc-numeral

تلتطعش • (t͡ɬɐtɑʕʃ)

From Arabic ثلاثة عَشَرَ.

inh

ثلاثة عَشَرَ

Arabic ثلاثة عَشَرَ

Coordinate term: (attributive form) تلتطعشر (t͡ɬɐtɑʕʃar)


دنجورة

apc-noun

دنجورة • (dangūra) f (plural دنجورات (dangūrāt))

dangūra (romanization)
دنجورات (plural)
دنغورة (alternative)
دنچورة (alternative)
دنكورة (alternative)
دنگورة (alternative)


بارافان

بارافان • (paravān) m (plural بارافانات (paravānāt))

paravān (romanization)
بارافانات (plural)
پاراڤان (alternative)
پَرَڤان (alternative)


ڤازة

Alternative form: ڤاز (vāz)


قلبوظ

apc-adjective

قلبوظ • (qalbuẓ) (feminine قلبوظة (qalbuẓa), masculine plural قلبوظين (qalbuẓīn))

qalbuẓ (romanization)
قلبوظة (feminine)
قلبوظين (masculine plural)

Possibly from Ottoman Turkish قارپوز (karpuz, “watermelon”).

bor

كنت قلبوظ وإنت صغير


سورپريز

apc-noun

سورپريز • (surprīz) m (plural سورپريزات (surprīzāt))

surprīz (romanization)
سورپريزات (plural)

في عندي لإلك... سورپريز

2024, chapter 16 (13:49 from the start), in ع أمل [ʕa ʔamal], season 1, spoken by Jalal (Badih Abou Chakra), Lebanon, via MTV Lebanon, Shahid:


دقر

ما تدقرني!


ڤودكا

ڤودكا • (vōdka) f (plural ڤودكات (vōdkāt))


جردون

جردون • (jardōn) m (plural جرادين (jarādīn), feminine جردونة (jardōne))

jardōn (romanization)
جرادين (plural)
جردونة (feminine)

Inherited from Arabic جِرْذَوْن (jirḏawn, “rat”). Further reading at Arabic جُرَذ (juraḏ).


لاقونة

apc-noun

لَاقُونَة • (lāqūne) f

لَاقُونَة (canonical)
lāqūne (romanization)
لَاقُومَة (alternative)
لُقُونَة (alternative)

Found in alike meaning as Ottoman Turkish لوكون (lükün, lökün), Armenian լոկոն (lokon). Maybe from an unattested diminutive of the Aramaic etymon of Arabic لَكَن (lakan), لَقَن (laqan, “basin”), developed to the meaning “mixing tub, mortar box, bin where plaster is compounded”, as جُرْن (jurn) has.

(obsolete) A kind of putty of lime that has not been wholly slaked and mixed with resin, olive oil, cotton


مكينة

مكينة • (makīna) f (plural مكينات (makīnāt))


ڤيتاس

ڤيتاس • (vītās) m (plural ڤيتاسات (vītāsāt))


خيفان

apc-adjective

خيفان • (ḵayfān) (feminine خيفانة (ḵayfāne), common plural خيفانين (ḵayfānīn), feminine plural خيفانات (ḵayfānāt))

ḵayfān (romanization)
خيفانة (feminine)
خيفانين (common plural)
خيفانات (feminine plural)

Alternative form of خوفان (ḵawfān, “scared, afraid”)


پپيه

apc-noun

پپّيه • (pippī) m

بدك تعمل پپيه؟

Do you want to pee? (literally, "Do you want to make pee?")


ككاه

ككّاه • (kakkā) m

بدك تعمل ككاه؟

Do you want to poop? (literally, "Do you want to make poop?")


غراض

غراض • (ḡrāḍ) pl

From Arabic أَغْرَاض (ʔaḡrāḍ), plural of غَرَض (ḡaraḍ, “object of interest, intent, desire”). Only the plural survived natively in Levantine Arabic.

inh

Arabic أَغْرَاض (ʔaḡrāḍ)

غراضك ليه بعدهن عالأرض صرلك ساعة واصل

ḡrāḍak lē baʕdon ʕal-ʔarḍ ṣarlak sāʕa wāṣil

Why's your stuff still sitting on the floor, you got here an hour ago

بدك تأمّن غراض السفر قبل ما تجي تزورني

baddak tʔammin ḡrāḍ s-safar ʔabl ma tiji tzūrni

You have to make sure you have travel necessities before you come visit me

الطريق عنا سكروها وفي غراض كتيرة بعد ما اشتريتها هاي الجمعة

ṭ-ṭarīʔ ʕinna sakkaruwa w fī ḡrāḍ ktīre baʕd mā štarayta hē l-jumʕa

They closed the road to our place and there are so many essentials I haven't bought yet this week...


طبوناية

apc-noun

طبّوناية • (ṭabbunāye) f

طبّوناية (canonical)
ṭabbunāye (romanization)

der

Arabic طَابُون (ṭābūn)


عجق

apc-verb

عجق • (ʕajaʔ) I (non-past يعجق (yiʕjuʔ))

Uncertain. The Arabic radicals ج (j) and ق (q) were originally not allowed to share a root, a phonetic constraint that developed at least as early as Central Semitic when the former was still *[ɡ]. Arabic presumably retained this constraint until ج (*g) had palatalized and distanced itself from ق (q), so عجق (ʕajaʔ < ʕajaq) must either reflect (1) an Arabic word that originally obeyed the constraint, but then underwent a sporadic sound change in Levantine Arabic to produce the ج–ق (j–q) sequence, or (2) a non-Semitic loan.
# If native, then potential relatives are Arabic عَشِقَ (ʕašiqa), its variant عَسِقَ (ʕasiqa), and especially the latter's variant عَزِقَ (ʕaziqa), all of which are defined in passing by Classical dictionaries as لَصِقَ (laṣiqa, “to stick (to)”) and لَزِمَ (lazima, “to cling to”).
# On the other hand, if borrowed, a possible candidate is Ottoman Turkish آجیقمق (acıkmak, “to be hungry”), where the low back آ (a) could have been approximated by Arabic ع (ʕ) and the back ق (k) by Arabic ق (q).
An Arabic source is semantically more likely, in particular because early dictionaries of vernacular Arabic only record senses related to overwhelming and encroaching on someone, which are reasonably similar to the Classical verbs' senses. A related Hijazi Arabic مَعْزُوق (maʕzūg, “cramped, stuck”) also exists. If a similar form yielded North Levantine Arabic عجق (ʕajaʔ), then see جَقَر (jaʔar, “to stare down”) for more on the phonetic development.


عجق

apc-verb

عجق • (ʕajjaʔ) II (non-past يعجق (yʕajjiʔ))

Intensive of the above's "to clutter" sense.


عجق

apc-adj

عجق • (ʕijiʔ) (feminine عجقة (ʕijʔa), common plural عجقين (ʕijʔīn))

ʕijiʔ (romanization)
عجقة (feminine)
عجقين (common plural)


جقر

apc-verb

جقر • (jaʔar) I (non-past يجقر (yijʔur))

jaʔar (romanization)
يجقر (non-past)
زَقَر (alternative)

Originally زَقَر (zaʔar), and borrowed in that form from Aramaic סקך (săqar, “to stare, to stare with envy, malice”), which has seen variants with initial ז (z). However, knowledge of the Aramaic verb's initial radical is not required in order to assert that جقر (jaʔar, jaqar) is a development of زَقَر (zaʔar, zaqar) and not the other way around, as Arabic historically forbade the radicals ج (j < *g) and ق (q) from co-occurring in a root. This constraint was presumably productive until after ج (*g) had begun to palatalize, so only recently could a term like جقر (jaʔar, jaqar) have been incorporated into an Arabic variety's vocabulary.
The proposed shift of زقر (zaʔar, zaqar) to جقر (jaʔar, jaqar) is unusual because none of ق (q)'s features would seem to condition a shift ز (z) > ج (j) and because the former is a fricative while the latter was historically affricate, but the shift is nonetheless possibly corroborated by عجق (ʕajaʔ, “to clutter, overwhelm”) and باجوق (bājūʔ, “mouth, loud mouth, loud noise”).


جقر

apc-adj

جقر • (jiʔir) (feminine جقرة (jiʔra, jiʔre), common plural جقرين (jiʔrīn))

jiʔir (romanization)
جقرة (feminine)
جقرين (common plural)

abrasive, annoying, aggressive (of a human)


انجقر

apc-verb

انجقر • (njaʔar) VII (non-past ينجقر (yinjíʔir))

Derived from the passive of جَقَر (jaʔar, “to stare down”) via an intermediate sense like "to be intimidated into backing off".


تنقوز

تنقوز • (tnaʔwaz) I (non-past يتنقوز (yitnaʔwaz), verbal noun نقوزة (naʔwaze) or تنقوز (tniʔwuz))

tnaʔwaz (romanization)
يتنقوز (non-past)
نقوزة (noun-from-verb)
تنقوز (noun-from-verb)

Diminutive of نقز (naʔaz, “to flinch, be startled”), with the "to peek" sense likely formed when its meaning was still closer to the original Arabic نَقَزَ (naqaza, “to jump”).

to be startled (especially continually or in little frights)

to peek over the top of something [with على (ʕala) ‘at’]


باجوق

apc-noun

باجوق • (bājūʔ) m

Uncertain. Arabic historically forbade the radicals ج (j < *g) and ق (q) from co-occurring in a root, a phonetic constraint that developed at least as early as Central Semitic when the former was still *[ɡ], so باجوق (bājūʔ) is similar to عَجَق (ʕajaʔ, “to clutter, overwhelm”) in that it must either be a non-Semitic borrowing or else be a native word that originally had different sounds before undergoing a sporadic sound change.
There are no plausible source words in nearby non-Semitic languages such as Ottoman Turkish and Persian, making a borrowing unlikely. On the other hand, observing that the word جَقَر (jaʔar, jaqar, “to stare down”) was likely originally زَقَر (zaʔar, zaqar), we can propose that باجوق (bājūʔ, bājūq) is a native term that was similarly originally *بازوق (*bāzūq), relating it to spit (compare بزاق (bzāʔ, “spit”)). The only difference is that the original زَقَر (zaʔar, “to stare down”) is still in use while the proposed original *بازوق (*bāzūq) is not.


شرتيتون

šartitōn (romanization)
شرتيتونة (feminine singulative)

Borrowed from French chatterton (“insulating tape”), from the name of John Chatterton, inventor of Chatterton's compound. Compare Hijazi Arabic شطرطون (šaṭarṭōn, “duct tape, adhesive tape”).


زقر

apc-verb

زقر • (zaʔar) I (non-past يزقر (yizʔur))

From Aramaic סקך (săqar, “to stare, to stare with envy, malice”), which has sometimes seen variants with initial ז (z).

Alternative form of جَقَر (jaʔar, “to glower at”)


كرسة

apc-noun

كرسة • (kirse) f (dual كرستين (kirstēn), plural كراسي (karāsi))

kirse (romanization)
كرستين (dual)
كراسي (plural)

Reanalysis of كرسي (kirsi) in some dialects that have merged the pronunciations of final ـي (-i) and ـِة (-e).

حطّلّي كرستي إقعد

Alternative form of كرسي (kirsi, “chair”)


فواكي

fwāke (romanization)
فواكه (alternative)

Inherited from Arabic فَوَاكِه (fawākih, “fruits”), plural of فَاكِهَة (fākiha). Only the plural was inherited natively into the vernacular.

inh+

بدك تصير تاكل فواكي كتير بتغزي

You need to start eating fruit, it's really healthy for you


صيبان

ṣībān (romanization)
صِيبانة (feminine singulative)
سِيبان (alternative)

Inherited from Arabic صِئْبَان (ṣiʔbān), plural of صُؤَاب (ṣuʔāb, “nit”). Became collective and lost its original singular in the same way as دبّان (dibbān, “flies”).

inh

Arabic صِئْبَان (ṣiʔbān)


دج

apc-adj

دج • (dijj) (feminine دِجِّة (dijje), common plural دِجِّين (dijjīn))

dijj (romanization)
دِجِّة (feminine)
دِجِّين (common plural)


دج

وحملت هالمكنسة وقعّدت دِجّ دِجّ دِجّ ع هالسقف حاجة الفوقنا يدبّك

w ḥmilt hal-miknse w ʔaʕʕadt dijj dijj dijj ʕa has-saʔf ḥāje l-fawʔna ydabbik

And I picked up the broom and I sat there thump-thump-thump[-ing] on the ceiling so that the person above us would quit stomping