de

From Old Frisian thī, from Proto-Germanic *þiz.

Object case of dü: you, thee; yourself, thyself


ik

From Old Frisian ik, from Proto-West Germanic *ik, from Proto-Germanic *ek, *ik, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂.
Compare Dutch ik, German Low German ik, German ich, English I, Danish jeg.

I (first-person singular personal pronoun)

The reduced forms with an apostrophe are enclitic

conjunctions. Dü is deleted altogether in such contexts.

it can stand in any unstressed position and refers mostly to things. In reflexive use

Independent possessives are distinguished from attributive ones only with plural referents

hörens are used optionally when the possessor is a larger community

Et is not enclitic and can stand in any unstressed position

the full subject form hat is now rarely used. In reflexive use


i

you, you all (second-person plural personal pronoun)


man

head

man (feminine and neuter min, plural (Föhr-Amrum) minen|or|(Mooring) min)

min (feminine neuter)
minen|or| (Mooring) min (Föhr-Amrum plural)

From Old Frisian mīn, from Proto-West Germanic *mīn.

mine (first-person singular possessive pronoun)


at

From Old Frisian jit, from Proto-West Germanic *jit (“you two”). Regarding the Sylt Frisian forms at (“the two of you”) versus jat (“the two of them”), it is clear that jat became at some point associated with ja, jam, jaar (“they, them, their”). For a while jat must have had both senses, which was facilitated by the general overlap between second-person and third-person plural forms in North Frisian; compare jam, which means “them” on Sylt, “you [plural]” on Föhr and Amrum, and both of these in Mooring Frisian. The form at may have been originally an enclitic byform of jat, or may have been backformed later to reintroduce a distinction between second and third person.

you two, the two of you (second-person dual personal pronoun)


her

her: third-person singular, feminine, objective

her: third-person singular, feminine, possessive


hi

From Old Frisian hī, from Proto-West Germanic *hiʀ, from Proto-Germanic *hiz, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱe.

Hi wal sin frinjer üüb Feer beschük.

He wants to visit his relatives on Föhr.


we

From Old Frisian wī, from Proto-Germanic *wīz, from Proto-Indo-European *wéy.

we (first-person plural personal pronoun)


sin

(Sylt) his (third-person singular masculine possessive pronoun)

(Sylt) its (third-person singular neuterpossessive pronoun)

(Föhr-Amrum) feminine/neuter of san (“his, hers, its”)

(Mooring) feminine/neuter/plural of san (“his, its”)


et

(Mooring, Sylt) Reduced form of hat (“it”, subject)

(Mooring) Reduced form of ham (“it”, object)

(Sylt) Reduced form of höm (“it”, object)


san

san (feminine and neuter sin, plural (Föhr-Amrum) sinen|or|(Mooring) sin)

sin (feminine neuter)
sinen|or| (Mooring) sin (Föhr-Amrum plural)

(Föhr-Amrum, Mooring) his (third-person singular masculine possessive pronoun)

(Föhr-Amrum, Mooring) its (third-person singular neuter posssessive pronoun)

(Föhr-Amrum) hers (third-person singular feminine possessive pronoun)


ham

(Föhr-Amrum, Mooring) Object case of hi: him, himself

(Föhr-Amrum, Mooring) Object case of hat: it, (in practice chiefly) itself

(Föhr-Amrum) Object case of hat: her, herself


wat

From Old Frisian hwet, from Proto-West Germanic *hwat.


wat

From Old Frisian wit, from Proto-West Germanic *wit.

we two, the two of us (first-person dual personal pronoun)


dü

Inherited from Old Frisian thū, which see for more.

you, thou (first-person singular personal pronoun)


jaw

your (second personal pronoun plural possessive)


ja

third-person plural personal pronoun
(Mooring, Sylt) they (subject case)

third-person plural personal pronoun
they (subject case)

(Mooring) them, themselves (object case)

third-person plural personal pronoun
them, themselves (object case)


jam

(Föhr-Amrum, Mooring) second-person plural personal pronoun

second-person plural personal pronoun
you, you all (subject case)

second-person plural personal pronoun
you, yourselves (object case)

(Sylt, optionally also in Mooring) Object case of ja: them, themselves


dan

dan (feminine and neuter din, plural (Föhr-Amrum) dinen|or|(Mooring) din)

din (feminine neuter)
dinen|or| (Mooring) din (Föhr-Amrum plural)

yours, thine (second-person singular possessive pronoun)


junk

(Sylt, dated) Object case of at: you two, both of yourselves


junk

(Sylt, dated) yours, that of you two (second-person dual possessive pronoun)


di

Object case of dü: you, thee; yourself, thyself


hat

(Föhr-Amrum, Mooring, Sylt) it (third-person singular neuter personal pronoun)

(Föhr-Amrum) she (third-person singular feminine personal pronoun)


din

(Sylt) yours, thine (first-person singular possessive pronoun)

(Föhr-Amrum) feminine/neuter of dan (“yours, thine”)

(Mooring) feminine/neuter/plural of dan (“yours, thine”)


's

reduced third-person plural personal pronoun

(Föhr-Amrum) Reduced form of of jo (“they, them”)

(Mooring, Sylt) Reduced form of of ja (“they”, in Mooring also “them”)

(Mooring, Sylt) Reduced form of of jam (“them”)

reduced third-person singular feminine pronoun

(Mooring, Sylt) Reduced form of of jü (“she”)

(Mooring) Reduced form of of har (“her”)


'm

Reduced form of jam (“you, you all”, subject)


wi

we (first-person plural personal pronoun)


min

(Sylt) mine (first-person singular possessive pronoun)

(Föhr-Amrum) feminine/neuter of man (“mine”)

(Mooring) feminine/neuter/plural of man (“mine”)


'n

(Föhr-Amrum, Mooring) Reduced form of ham (“him”)


juu

(Sylt) Object case of i: you, you all, yourselves


juu

(Sylt) yours, all of yours (second-person plural possessive pronoun)


jaar

(Sylt) theirs (third-person plural possessive pronoun)


jat

From Old Frisian jit, from Proto-West Germanic *jit (“you two”). For the peculiar development in Sylt Frisian, see the etymology of at.

(Sylt, dated) they both, the two of them (third-person dual personal pronoun)

(Föhr-Amrum, Mooring, obsolete) you two, the two of you


jau

(Föhr-Amrum) yours, all of yours (second-person plural possessive pronoun)


hör

From Old Frisian hire, from Proto-Germanic *hezōi.


sinen

(Föhr-Amrum) plural of san (“his, hers, its”)


hoken

From Old Frisian hwelk (“which”), either with a declensional ending or combined with ēn (“one”). The use of the construct “which (one)” for “who” is widely found also in Low German. For the form compare West Frisian hok (“which”).

Hoken is diar?

Weest dü hoken dit is?

Hoken tö leet kumt, bitaalet di Reekning.

Whoever shows up too late pays the bill.

Es diar hoken?

Kenst dü ek hoken üđers fraagi?

Diar mut dach hoken di Aarber dö.


jü

Jü as min süster.

(Mooring, Sylt) she (third-person singular feminine personal pronoun)


onk

(Föhr-Amrum, obsolete) Object case of wat: us two


jä

they (Halligen, Hoorning and Wiedingharde)


dinen

(Föhr-Amrum) plural of dan (“yours, thine”)


unk

(Sylt, dated) Object case of wat: us two, both of ourselves


unk

(Sylt, dated) ours, that of us two (first-person dual possessive pronoun)


jonk

(Föhr-Amrum, obsolete) Object case of jat: you two


jare

(Mooring) theirs (third-person plural possessive pronoun)


harn

harn (feminine and neuter har, plural har)

(Mooring) hers (third-person singular feminine possessive pronoun)


üs

From Old Frisian ūs, from Proto-Germanic *uns, from Proto-Indo-European *n̥smé. Cognate with West Frisian ús, English us.

(Föhr-Amrum) Object case of wi: us, ourselves

(Mooring) Object case of we: us, ourselves


höör

From Proto-Germanic *hezōi (dative and genitive singular of *hijō). Cognate with Saterland Frisian hier, hiere (“her”), West Frisian har (“her”), Dutch haar (“her”), German Low German hör (“her”), German ihr (“her”).

inh

dative and genitive singular of <i class="Latn mention" lang="gem-pro">*hijō</i>


höör

(Sylt) hers (third-person singular feminine possessive pronoun)


üüs

(Föhr-Amrum, Sylt) ours (first-person plural possessive pronoun)

(Mooring) feminine/neuter/plural of üüsen (“ours”)


höm

From Old Frisian him. Cognate with West Frisian him.

Object case of hat: it, (in practice chiefly) itself


junken

plural of junk (“yours, that of you two”)


üüsen

head

üüsen (feminine and neuter üüs, plural (Mooring) üüs)

üüs (feminine neuter)
üüs (Mooring plural)

(Mooring) ours (first-person plural possessive pronoun)

(Föhr-Amrum, Sylt) plural of üüs (“ours”)


jarnge

(Mooring) yours, all of yours (second-person plural possessive pronoun)


üsens

From üs (“us”) + -ens (genitival suffix). Compare Danish vores.

collective form of üüs, üüsen (“ours”) as above


jamens

From jam (“you [all]”) + -ens (genitival suffix). Compare Danish jeres.

suffix

collective form of jau, jauen (“yours”) as above


hörens

From hör (“their”) + -ens (genitival suffix).
Probably formed after üsens and jamens, which are derived from object pronouns (meaning that the genitive makes more sense than in a derivation from what is already a possessive). Additionally or alternatively all of these forms may also have been influenced by Danish vores, jeres, deres.

collective form of hör, hören (“theirs”) as above