со

Ытиксо тух ӿумд.
Ətikso tux humd.
The crucian carp lives in a lake.

Lenited form of чо (ț’o). Occurs after vowels and plosives.


обезьяна

Borrowed from Russian обезья́на (obezʹjána).


мур

See Proto-Sino-Tibetan *k-m-raŋ ~ s-raŋ.


тюс

ӿы зус

эӻа дюс


лу

лоча лу


чаӽ

Nanai: (Naykhin) сако (sako), (Kur-Urmi) саку̇ (saku̇)


ват

From Persian پولاد (pōlād) via Russian булат (bulat, “Damascus steel”).


ту

Possibly related to Ainu ト (to, “lake”).


ыр

Either from an earlier (*ərŋ), or from Tungusic, compare Nanai эрин (erin).


чам

From earlier *camŋ. Compare Evenki шаман.


ыс

Either from an earlier (*əzŋ), or from Tungusic *əʒən, from Proto-Mongolic *ejen. The latter perhaps from Proto-Turkic *idi.
Compare Nanai эден (eʒen), Ulch эде, Mongolian эзэн (ezen), Kazakh ие (ie).


акан

From Tungusic. Related to Even акан (akan), Evenki акин (akin), Nanai ага (aga).


пуйӈа

head

пуйӈа (pujŋa)


няӽ

няӽ (ņaẋ) (plural няӽкун)


пыйӈа

пыйӈа (pəjŋa)


ая

turtle (land or marine reptile with a shell)


кʼузр̌

кʼузр̌ (kʼuzř)

→ Japanese: クズリ (kuzuri)


кʼыск

tlb

(Amur, East Sakhalin, South Sakhalin, North Sakhalin)

Likely cognate to Manchu ᡴᡝᠰᡳᡴᡝ (kesike).


лоча диф

head

лоча диф (loț’a d̦if)


овӻоӈ

овӻоӈ (ovġoŋ)


нивх туғс

нивх туғс (ņivx tuγs)


ӄан

From Proto-Nivkh *ɢanŋ.
Similar to other Eurasian dog words such as Proto-Sino-Tibetan *d-kʷəj-n and Proto-Indo-European *ḱwṓ, but this is likely to be a coincidence or a parallel onomatopoeic derivation.


пʼеӄ нонӄ

пʼеӄ нонӄ (pʼeq nonq)


лаӈр̌

лаӈр̌ (laŋř)


ӈайс

ӈайс тыкнь


пʼиск

пʼиск (pʼisk)


эдр ӈа

эдр ӈа (edr ŋa)


иғлуладь

иғлуладь (iγlulad̦)


тʼолхаскр

тʼолхаскр (tʼolxaskr)


ытыка

ытыка (ətəka)

ытык ытык#Nivkh


ымка

ымк ымк#Nivkh


ыкына

ыкына (əkəna)

ыкын ыкын#Nivkh


ытка

ытк ытк#Nivkh


асӄа

асӄ асӄ#Nivkh


атика

атика (ațika)

атик атик#Nivkh


кʼыскнонӄ

кʼыскнонӄ (kʼəsknonq)


ымыка

ымыка (əməka)

ымык ымык#Nivkh


нанака

нанак нанак#Nivkh


атик

Proto-Nivkh *ac(i)k(ant), *ac(i)q(ant), probably from a Tungusic language.


кылаӈа

кылаӈа (kəlaŋa)


курӈай

курӈай (kurŋaj)


лаӄр̌

лаӄр̌ (laqř)


чо

From Proto-Nivkh *co. Possibly cognate to Ainu チェㇷ゚ (“fish”)


ыкын

Earlier (*akan). Maybe related to *ake, compare Evenki акин (akin), Mongolic *aka, compare Mongolian ах (ax), and also Ainu アㇰ (ak, “younger brother”).


ытык

ытык (ətək) (plural ытыкху)

(Amur) brother of the husband of one's aunt (specifically of one's mother's sister)

(Amur) brother-in-law (sister's husband)

(Amur) brother of the husband of the sister of one's father-in-law (specifically of one's wife's father)


пʼеӄ

From earlier *peq. Probably onomatopoeic, but compare also Manchu ᡶᡳᠣᡥᠠ (fioha, “chick”), Middle Korean 비〮육 (píyùk, “chick”) and Japanese 雛(ひよこ) (hiyoko, “chick”).


тʼаӻр

тʼаӻр (tʼaġr)

Compare Ulch, Nanai тарга (targa, “beaver”), which are sometimes compared to Proto-Mongolic *tarbagan, Mongolian тарвага (tarvaga).


мем

Perhaps from Arabic مَيْمُون (maymūn), probably via a Turkic language.


мурӈ

Possibly from Tungusic, compare Nanai морин (morin). The Tungusic term is a borrowing from Proto-Mongolic *mori, compare Mongolian морь (morʹ). Probably a common Eurasian root, see Proto-Sino-Tibetan *k-m-raŋ ~ s-raŋ.


тʼуғр̌

тʼуғр̌ (tʼuγř)


тафть

тафть (tafț)

From an earlier (*davc(iŋ)), ultimately from Proto-Mongolic *dabusun, probably via Tungusic.
Compare Orok давсу (davsu), даусу (dausu), Manchu ᡩᠠᠪᠰᡠᠨ (dabsun), Mongolian давс (davs).


алс

алс пʼедь

алс чоӽ

алс мулк


аки

Proto-Nivkh *akan, *aki.
Possibly related to Proto-Tungusic *ake; compare Evenki акин (akin), Mongolic *aka, compare Mongolian ах (ax), and also Ainu アㇰ (ak, “younger brother”).

(East Sakhalin) elder brother; big brother


ӽонь

Ultimately from Proto-Turkic *kōñ, likely through Proto-Mongolic *konïn and Tungusic.
Compare Turkish koyun, Mongolian хонь (xonʹ), Orok хонин (xonin).


ызӈ

ызӈ (əzŋ) (plural ызӈгун)

Probably from Tungusic *əʒən, from Proto-Mongolic *ejen perhaps from Proto-Turkic *idi.
Compare Nanai эден (eʒen), Ulch эде, Mongolian эзэн (ezen), Kazakh ие (ie).


арак

Borrowed from Manchu ᠠᡵᡴᡳ (arki), from Proto-Tungusic *arakïï. Ultimately from Arabic عَرَق (ʕaraq). Compare also Nanai арақи̇ (araqï), Mongolian архи (arxi) and Bashkir араҡы (araqı).

Яӈ арак рахсунт.
Jaŋ arak raxsunt.
He does not drink vodka.


хыл

(East Sakhalin) wooden utensil with a depiction of a bear hunt used during rituals


пуньдь

пуньдь (puņd̦)


ӄʼотр̌

ӄʼотр̌ (qʼotř)


иньдь

иньдь (iņd̦)


айс

From Tungusic, compare Manchu ᠠᡳᠰᡳᠨ (aisin).


ань

Either from a earlier (*an'(i)), or from Tungusic, compare Manchu ᠠᠨᡳᠶᠠ (aniya).


кер̌ӄ

кер̌ӄ (keřq)

From Proto-Nivkh *gerqŋ, possibly deriving from *ge- (“sea”) + *herqŋ (“side”), see эр̌ӄ (eřq).


ӿағску

ӿағску (haγsku)


чарб

чарб (ț’arb)


ӈыньк

ӈыньк (ŋəņk)


пʼорпʼорс

пʼорпʼорс (pʼorpʼors)


ӄʼоӻӈи

ӄʼоӻӈи (qʼoġŋi)


кʼмый

кʼмый (kʼməj)


риӈго

риӈго (riŋgo)


ӿосо

ja-r

放(ほう)送(そう) (hōsō)


тʼатӈ

head

тʼатӈ (tʼatŋ)


мамӻать

мамӻать (mamġaț)


нивӈ

нивӈ (ņivŋ) (plural нивӈгун)


азмыть

азмыть (azməț)


ӿаймӈар̌

ӿаймӈар̌ (hajmŋař) (plural ӿаймӈар̌кун)

hajmŋař (romanization)
ӿаймӈар̌кун (plural)


р̌аӈӷэӻлӈ

р̌аӈӷэӻлӈ (řaŋğeġlŋ)

/r̥aŋɢ‿eʁlŋ/

[r̥˔aŋɢ‿ˈeʁlŋ]

/r̥aŋɢ‿eʁlŋ/

[r̥˔aŋɢ‿ˈeʁlŋ]

[r̥˔aŋɢ‿ˈeːlŋ]

From р̌аӈӷ (řaŋğ) + эӻлӈ (eġlŋ).


азмытьэӻлӈ

азмытьэӻлӈ (azməțeġlŋ)


тёӈр̌

тёӈр̌ (țoŋř)


ӈаӻри

ӈаӻри (ŋaġri)


пихти

пихти (pixți)


анғи

(East Sakhalin, South Sakhalin) heel (of foot)


ӈарғыр̌

ӈарғыр̌ (ŋarγəř)


ӈатьх

ӈатьх (ŋațx)


ӈаўр̌

ӈаўр̌ (ŋawř)


р̌аӈӷ

р̌аӈӷ (řaŋğ)


ытиксо

ытиксо (əțikso)

ытик (əțik) + чо (ț’o)


ытӈунивх

ытӈунивх (ətŋuņivx)


ытик

Proto-Nivkh *acik "grandmother, mother-in-law," probably from a Tungusic language. Compare Amur Nivkh атьк (ațk, “mother-in-law”), атьх (ațx, “aunt”), East Sakhalin атим (ațim).

(Amur, East Sakhalin, North Sakhalin) grandmother


диф

тиф тиф#Nivkh

Lenited form of тиф (țif). Occurs after nasals and vowels


ниӿоӈ диф

ниӿоӈ диф (ņihoŋ d̦if)


чӽар̌

чӽар̌ (ț’ẋař)


эӻа

Either an original Nivkh word (*eχaŋ), or from Tungusic, compare Manchu ᡳᡥᠠᠨ (ihan).


ӄанӈ

From Proto-Nivkh *ɢanŋ.
Similar to other Eurasian dog words such as Proto-Sino-Tibetan *d-kʷəj-n and Proto-Indo-European *ḱwṓ, but this is likely to be a coincidence or a parallel onomatopoeic derivation.


моть

From earlier *məc(ɣ). Possibly related to Proto-Chukotko-Kamchatkan *macve (“chest”).


авсӄ

Gymnocephalus cernua
Gymnocephalus cernua#Translingual

(Amur) ruff (Gymnocephalus cernua, syn. Acerina cernua)


авғс

(Amur) glue, made from fish skin and bladder


авғур̌

авғур̌ (avγuř)

(East Sakhalin) glue, made from fish skin and bladder


пос

From earlier (*bos), borrowed from Manchu ᠪᠣᠰᠣ (boso, “cloth”); see there for more. Ultimate origin is Arabic بَزّ (bazz).


зом

(Amur, East Sakhalin, zoology) harlequin duck; rock duck


вызғалр̌

вызғалр̌ (vəzγalř)

(East Sakhalin) a dessert, similar to tolkusha or pemmican, traditionally made with boiled fish (chum salmon or pink salmon), berries (bog bilberry, lingonberry, and cloudberry), and seal fat.


тамх

From a Mongolic language, compare Mongolian тамхи (tamxi).


чафӄ

чафӄ (ț’afq)


лых

niv-regional

ных, нух, лых

(Amur, North Sakhalin, East Sakhalin) rain


лых

(Amur) floating harpoon used to catch seals


хота

From Middle Mongol [Term?]. Compare Mongolian хот (xot) and Nanai хотон (hoton).


олӻоӈ

head

олӻоӈ (olġoŋ)

Possibly from Tungusic, compare Nanai олгиан (olgian).

олӻоӈ ӈоӽ

(Amur, East Sakhalin, zoology) pig, boar


кеӽ

(Amur, East Sakhalin, zoology) gull; seagull


питғы

питғы (pitγə)


йытӈунивх

йытӈунивх (jətŋuņivx)

af

йытӈудь (jətŋud̦) + нивх (ņivx)


тʼулф

head

тʼулф (tʼulf)


пʼал

Either from an earlier (*pal(ŋ)), or from Tungusic, compare Nanai палан (palan).


пʼуф

Either from an earlier (*puv-), or from Tungusic, compare Nanai попон (popon).


охт

Either from an earlier (*oχt), or from Tungusic, compare Manchu ᠣᡴᡨᠣ (okto).


ыӈг

From an earlier (*amɣ). Perhaps related with Tungusic *amŋa, compare Evenki амӈа (amŋa). Latter might be related to Mongolic *aman, compare Mongolian ам (am).


амра

From earlier (*amta(ŋ)), from Proto-Mongolic *amtan, compare Mongolian амт (amt).


пазр̌

пазр̌ (pazř)


еф

From едь (jed̦) + -ф (-f) or ед (jed) + -ф (-f).


выскф

выскф (vəskf)

place where competitive fights are carried out


ӈаўр̌к

ӈаўр̌к (ŋawřk)


тʼару

тʼару (tʼaru)


ӿивр̌

ӿивр̌ (hivř)


антӽ

Either from an earlier (*antR), or from Tungusic, compare Manchu ᠠᠨᡨᠠᡥᠠ (antaha).


чоӽ

(Amur, East Sakhalin) juice from plants and berries


мылосиф

мылосиф (məlosif)

From мыло (məlo) + сидь (sid̦) + -ф (-f) or мыло (məlo) + сид (sid) + -ф (-f).


сидух

Loanword shared with Tungusic. Possibly related to Ainu シントコ.


тяӄо

(Amur, North Sakhalin, East Sakhalin) knife


ӄʼа

Probably from Mandarin 鋼／钢 via Tungusic.


ӽотаӈ

ӽотаӈ (ẋotaŋ)


тʼурс

тʼурс (tʼurs)


тʼу

(Amur, East Sakhalin, South Sakhalin) dogsled


кʼуквур̌

кʼуквур̌ (kʼukvuř)


тʼад

Ни ӈаӽ тʼад.

р̌ад р̌ад#Nivkh

Lenited form of р̌ад (řad). Occurs after fricatives and sometimes sonorants.


ӄʼатьӈ

ӄʼатьӈ (qʼațŋ)

(East Sakhalin) specimen; sort; kind; variety


марр̌

марр̌ (marř)


таӈваӈ

таӈваӈ (taŋvaŋ)

Allium ursinum
Allium ursinum#Translingual

(East Sakhalin) ramson, bear garlic (Allium ursinum)


лепр̌анивӈ

лепр̌анивӈ (lepřaņivŋ)

From леп (lep) + р̌ад (řad) + нивӈ (ņivŋ).


кʼу

кʼу сидь


кʼувань

кʼувань (kʼuvaņ)

af

кʼу (kʼu) + вань (vaņ)


тутут

(zoology, East Sakhalin) turtle dove; collared dove


кыкык

head

кыкык (kəkək)


кʼр̌уӈи

кʼр̌уӈи (kʼřuŋi)

(zoology, East Sakhalin) sandpiper; snipe


тятьр̌

тятьр̌ (țațř)


тʼар̌ӄраӽ

тʼар̌ӄраӽ (tʼařqraẋ)


тʼлеўла ӈа

тʼлеўла ӈа (tʼlewla ŋa)


ӿарӈи

ӿарӈи (harŋi)


уӈа

(zoology, East Sakhalin) glowworm; firefly; lightning bug


тупр̌

тупр̌ (tupř)


ӿискр̌

ӿискр̌ (hiskř)


тʼр̌ат

тʼр̌ат (tʼřat)


ӽойр̌

ӽойр̌ (ẋojř)


ӄʼавӈи

ӄʼавӈи (qʼavŋi)


тоӄть

тоӄть (toqț)

ваӄи гылмр тоӄть

роӄть роӄть#Nivkh

Lenited form of роӄть (roqț). Occurs after fricatives and sometimes sonorants.


кылмр

кылмр (kəlmr)

танс кылмр


гылмр

гылмр (gəlmr)

кылмр кылмр#Nivkh

Lenited form of кылмр (kəlmr). Occurs after nasals and vowels


чарӈи

чарӈи (ț’arŋi)


чалу

чалу (ț’alu)


уньғыр̌

уньғыр̌ (uņγəř)


чатьф

чатьф (ț’ațf)


аӻаӄм

аӻаӄм (aġaqm)


ӄʼави

ӄʼави (qʼavi)


ань ырӈ

ань ырӈ (aņ ərŋ)


ыр̌кыр̌

ыр̌кыр̌ (əřkəř)

[ˈɤr̥˔kɤr̥˔]


дыф

тыф тыф#Nivkh

Lenited form of тыф (təf). Occurs after nasals and vowels


ар̌ пʼеӄ

ар̌ пʼеӄ (ař pʼeq)

af

ар̌ (ař) + пʼеӄ (pʼeq)


иғӈа

(Amur, East Sakhalin, zoology) merganser; goosander


кикун

(Amur, East Sakhalin, zoology) horned owl; eagle-owl


кыхкых

head

кыхкых (kəxkəx)

кыхкых ӈырғр


ӄойла

(East Sakhalin, zoology) large gull; seagull


нёни

нёни ӈойеӄ


чхуйғур̌

чхуйғур̌ (ț’xujγuř)

(East Sakhalin, zoology) horned owl; eagle-owl


кеоз

(East Sakhalin) string (of an implement)


амӈирӈ

амӈирӈ (amŋirŋ)

(East Sakhalin) round wooden bowl with a saucer, used during bear festivals


айфтиӈ

айфтиӈ (ajfțiŋ)


кехӈ

(East Sakhalin) spirit (assisting a shaman)


алхтур̌

алхтур̌ (alxtuř)


кинр̌

кинр̌ (kinř)

(East Sakhalin) evil spirit; devil; demon


аньӽ

(East Sakhalin, zoology) female, bitch, doe, hen, she, jenny (an individual belonging to the sex that can give birth)


тавух

таф таф#Nivkh


ӄанд

(East Sakhalin, zoology) adult spotted seal


чид

лаӈр̌ чид.

сид сид#Nivkh

Lenited form of сид (sid). Occurs after fricatives and sometimes sonorants.


кʼыск нонӄ

кʼыск нонӄ (kʼəsk nonq)


мурӈ нонӄ

мурӈ нонӄ (murŋ nonq)


лавӄор̌

лавӄор̌ (lavqoř)


кʼвыр̌

кʼвыр̌ (kʼvəř)

(East Sakhalin) gut, intestine, bowel (of an animal)


олӻоӈ нонӄ

олӻоӈ нонӄ (olġoŋ nonq)


тавух яйву ӈа

From таф (taf, “house”) and яйву ӈа (jajvu ŋa, “livestock”).


вазаӽ

вазаӽ (vazaẋ)


нивғӈ

нивғӈ (ņivγŋ) (plural нивғӈгун)


ниғвӈ

ниғвӈ (ņiγvŋ) (plural ниғвӈгун)


кывғыв

кывғыв (kəvγəv)


вукр̌

вукр̌ (vukř)


иғрӈамх

иғрӈамх (iγrŋamx)


айм

(Amur, avoidance) dog (used during hunting season)


чхыф

чхыф (ț’xəf)


ӿаӈр̌

ӿаӈр̌ (haŋř)

(East Sakhalin) a birchbark box with carved decorations used during sacrifice rituals


пʼр̌оӄ

пʼр̌оӄ (pʼřoq)


утӻаврр̌

утӻаврр̌ (utġavrř)


ӄʼастяр̌

ӄʼастяр̌ (qʼasțař)

(East Sakhalin) mallet or stick for tambourine


лезӈ

(East Sakhalin) small shed on piles for storing bear bones and ritual objects for the bear festival


чхыф лислизнд

чхыф лислизнд (ț’xəf lisliznd)


ӄʼоӻл

ӄʼоӻл (qʼoġl)

(East Sakhalin) reason; intellect; sense


рыуумгу

рыуумгу (rəuumgu)


лураюниғвӈ

лураюниғвӈ (lurajuņiγvŋ)

From лу (lu) + раюд (rajud) + ниғвӈ (ņiγvŋ).

(East Sakhalin) song collector; musicologist


чамӈ

чамӈ (ț’amŋ)


элӈф

(East Sakhalin) place where offerings were made to the sea after catching a seal


тʼуғр

тʼуғр (tʼuγr)


тур̌

эӻаӈ дур̌


чӽевр

чӽевр (ț’ẋevr)


чухт

чухт (ț’uxt)


чуралс

чуралс (ț’urals)

чуралс чоӽ


чӽасиф

чӽасиф (ț’ẋasif)


ығых

Compare possibly Alutiiq augyaq (“crowberry”).


чуғных

чуғных (ț’uγnəx)

чуғных чоӻ


чузлоӈ

чузлоӈ (ț’uzloŋ)

af

чуздь (ț’uzd̦) + лоӈ (loŋ)


чирлоӈ

head

чирлоӈ (ț’irloŋ)

af

чирд (ț’ird) + лоӈ (loŋ)


мыкс

мыкс нивх

мыкс тʼылгу