ъ

Cyrillic script
Appendix:Cyrillic script#English

The forty-first letter of the Nivkh alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


щ

The fortieth letter of the Nivkh alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


й

The fourteenth letter of the Nivkh alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


ш

The thirty-ninth letter of the Nivkh alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


ы

The forty-second letter of the Nivkh alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


ь

The forty-third letter of the Nivkh alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


б

The second letter of the Nivkh alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


д

The eighth letter of the Nivkh alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


п

The twenty-fourth letter of the Nivkh alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


х

The thirty-fourth letter of the Nivkh alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


р

The twenty-sixth letter of the Nivkh alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


ф

The thirty-third letter of the Nivkh alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


т

The twenty-ninth letter of the Nivkh alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


э

The forty-fourth letter of the Nivkh alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


з

The twelfth letter of the Nivkh alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


н

The twenty-first letter of the Nivkh alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


г

The fourth letter of the Nivkh alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


к

The fifteenth letter of the Nivkh alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


ц

The thirty-seventh letter of the Nivkh alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


ч

The thirty-eighth letter of the Nivkh alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


ж

The eleventh letter of the Nivkh alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


м

The twentieth letter of the Nivkh alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


л

The nineteenth letter of the Nivkh alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


с

The twenty-eighth letter of the Nivkh alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


в

The third letter of the Nivkh alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


е

The ninth letter of the Nivkh alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


ю

The forty-fifth letter of the Nivkh alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


о

The twenty-third letter of the Nivkh alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


и

The thirteenth letter of the Nivkh alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


и

Меги ӿуктоӽ виныте, и?


а

The first letter of the Nivkh alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


у

The thirty-first letter of the Nivkh alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


я

The forty-sixth letter of the Nivkh alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


со

Ытиксо тух ӿумд.
Ətikso tux humd.
The crucian carp lives in a lake.

Lenited form of чо (ț’o). Occurs after vowels and plosives.


ё

The tenth letter of the Nivkh alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


ғ

The sixth letter of the Nivkh alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


обезьяна

Borrowed from Russian обезья́на (obezʹjána).


ў

The thirty-second letter of the Nivkh alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


мин

(Sakhalin, inclusive, in the plural) we, our


мур

See Proto-Sino-Tibetan *k-m-raŋ ~ s-raŋ.


тюс

ӿы зус

эӻа дюс


ним

(Sakhalin, cardinal numbers, dated) one (for counting boats)


нян

(Sakhalin, cardinal numbers) one (for counting animals)


ин

Proto-Nivkh *ivŋ(-kun). Related to the above sense.


-д

(North Sakhalin, East Sakhalin) indicative mood marker for verbs

(South Sakhalin) infinitive marker for verbs (see usage notes)

(North Sakhalin, East Sakhalin, South Sakhalin) nominaliser (see usage notes)


лу

лоча лу


луд

(East Sakhalin) to ski, pushing off with poles


чаӽ

Nanai: (Naykhin) сако (sako), (Kur-Urmi) саку̇ (sakü)


ват

From Persian پولاد (pōlād) via Russian булат (bulat, “Damascus steel”).


чи

Possibly akin to Mongolic *či; compare Mongolian чи (či) and Tungusic *si, compare Nanai си (si).


ту

Possibly related to Ainu ト (to, “lake”).


ыр

Either from an earlier (*ərŋ), or from Tungusic, compare Nanai эрин (erin).


чам

From earlier *camŋ. Compare Evenki шаман.


ыс

Either from an earlier (*əzŋ), or from Tungusic *əʒən, from Proto-Mongolic *ejen. The latter perhaps from Proto-Turkic *idi.
Compare Nanai эден (eʒen), Ulch эде, Mongolian эзэн (ezen), Kazakh ие (ie).


мер

(Amur, inclusive, in the plural) we, our


акан

From Tungusic. Related to Even акан (akan), Evenki акин (akin), Nanai ага (aga).


ҳ

The thirty-fifth letter of the Nivkh alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


қ

The seventeenth letter of the Nivkh alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


няӽ

head

няӽ (ņaẋ) (plural няӽкун)


пыйӈа

пыйӈа (pəjŋa)


пуйӈа

пуйӈа (pujŋa)


ң

The twenty-second letter of the Nivkh alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


ӷ

The fifth letter of the Nivkh alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


ая

turtle (land or marine reptile with a shell)


кʼузр̌

кʼузр̌ (kʼuzř)

→ Japanese: クズリ (kuzuri)


кʼыск

Likely cognate to Manchu ᡴᡝᠰᡳᡴᡝ (kesike).


нивх туғс

нивх туғс (ņivx tuγs)


лоча диф

лоча диф (loț’a d̦if)


овӻоӈ

овӻоӈ (ovġoŋ)


пʼеӄ нонӄ

пʼеӄ нонӄ (pʼeq nonq)


пʼиск

пʼиск (pʼisk)


тʼолхаскр

тʼолхаскр (tʼolxaskr)


эдр ӈа

эдр ӈа (edr ŋa)


ӈайс

ӈайс тыкнь


иғлуладь

иғлуладь (iγlulad̦)


ӄан

From Proto-Nivkh *ɢanŋ.
Similar to other Eurasian dog words such as Proto-Sino-Tibetan *d-kʷəj-n and Proto-Indo-European *ḱwṓ, but this is likely to be a coincidence or a parallel onomatopoeic derivation.


чо

From Proto-Nivkh *co. Possibly cognate to Ainu チェㇷ゚ (“fish”)


лаӈр̌

лаӈр̌ (laŋř)


ытка

ытк ытк#Nivkh


ымка

ымк ымк#Nivkh


ытыка

ытыка (ətəka)

ытык ытык#Nivkh


ымыка

ымыка (əməka)

ымык ымык#Nivkh


ыкына

ыкына (əkəna)

ыкын ыкын#Nivkh


асӄа

асӄ асӄ#Nivkh


атика

атика (ațika)

атик атик#Nivkh


атик

Proto-Nivkh *ac(i)k(ant), *ac(i)q(ant), probably from a Tungusic language.


нанака

нанак нанак#Nivkh


кылаӈа

кылаӈа (kəlaŋa)


курӈай

курӈай (kurŋaj)


лаӄр̌

лаӄр̌ (laqř)


ыкын

Earlier (*akan). Maybe related to *ake, compare Evenki акин (akin), Mongolic *aka, compare Mongolian ах (ax), and also Ainu アㇰ (ak, “younger brother”).


тʼаӻр

тʼаӻр (tʼaġr)

Compare Ulch, Nanai тарга (targa, “beaver”), which are sometimes compared to Proto-Mongolic *tarbagan, Mongolian тарвага (tarvaga).


ытык

ытык (ətək) (plural ытыкху)

(Amur) brother of the husband of one's aunt (specifically of one's mother's sister)

(Amur) brother-in-law (sister's husband)

(Amur) brother of the husband of the sister of one's father-in-law (specifically of one's wife's father)


кʼыскнонӄ

кʼыскнонӄ (kʼəsknonq)


пʼеӄ

From earlier *peq. Probably onomatopoeic, but compare also Manchu ᡶᡳᠣᡥᠠ (fioha, “chick”), Middle Korean 비〮육 (píyùk, “chick”) and Japanese 雛(ひよこ) (hiyoko, “chick”).


мем

Perhaps from Arabic مَيْمُون (maymūn), probably via a Turkic language.


-ф

From Proto-Nivkh *-v, with regular word-final devoicing of a voiced fricative.

едь (jed̦) + -ф (-f) → еф (jef)


мурӈ

Possibly from Tungusic, compare Nanai морин (morin). The Tungusic term is a borrowing from Proto-Mongolic *mori, compare Mongolian морь (morʹ). Probably a common Eurasian root, see Proto-Sino-Tibetan *k-m-raŋ ~ s-raŋ.


тʼуғр̌

тʼуғр̌ (tʼuγř)


манд

марнд марнд#Nivkh


тафть

тафть (tafț)

From an earlier (*davc(iŋ)), ultimately from Proto-Mongolic *dabusun, probably via Tungusic.
Compare Orok давсу (davsu), даусу (dausu), Manchu ᡩᠠᠪᠰᡠᠨ (dabsun), Mongolian давс (davs).


ӿ

The thirty-sixth letter of the Nivkh alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


алс

алс пʼедь

алс чоӽ

алс мулк


аки

Proto-Nivkh *akan, *aki.
Possibly related to Proto-Tungusic *ake; compare Evenki акин (akin), Mongolic *aka, compare Mongolian ах (ax), and also Ainu アㇰ (ak, “younger brother”).

(East Sakhalin) elder brother; big brother


ӽонь

Ultimately from Proto-Turkic *kōñ, likely through Proto-Mongolic *konïn and Tungusic.
Compare Turkish koyun, Mongolian хонь (xonʹ), Orok хонин (xonin).


ызӈ

ызӈ (əzŋ) (plural ызӈгун)

Probably from Tungusic *əʒən, from Proto-Mongolic *ejen perhaps from Proto-Turkic *idi.
Compare Nanai эден (eʒen), Ulch эде, Mongolian эзэн (ezen), Kazakh ие (ie).


арак

Borrowed from Manchu ᠠᡵᡴᡳ (arki), from Proto-Tungusic *arakïï. Ultimately from Arabic عَرَق (ʕaraq). Compare also Nanai арақи̇ (araqï), Mongolian архи (arxi) and Bashkir араҡы (araqı).

Яӈ арак рахсунт.
Jaŋ arak raxsunt.
He does not drink vodka.


хыл

(East Sakhalin) wooden utensil with a depiction of a bear hunt used during rituals


пуньдь

пуньдь (puņd̦)


ӄʼотр̌

ӄʼотр̌ (qʼotř)


иньдь

иньдь (iņd̦)


иньдь

иньдь (iņd̦)


айс

From Tungusic, compare Manchu ᠠᡳᠰᡳᠨ (aisin).


нин

(Amur, cardinal numbers) one (for counting humans)


кый

Probably from Japanese 航海 (via Ainu), from Mandarin 航海 (hánghǎi).


ань

Either from a earlier (*an'(i)), or from Tungusic, compare Manchu ᠠᠨᡳᠶᠠ (aniya).


кер̌ӄ

кер̌ӄ (keřq)

From Proto-Nivkh *gerqŋ, possibly deriving from *ge- (“sea”) + *herqŋ (“side”), see эр̌ӄ (eřq).


-ны

иньдь (iņd̦) + -ны (-nə) → иньныдь (iņnəd̦)


чарб

чарб (ț’arb)


ӈыньк

ӈыньк (ŋəņk)


ӿағску

ӿағску (haγsku)


пʼорпʼорс

пʼорпʼорс (pʼorpʼors)


кʼмый

кʼмый (kʼməj)


ӄʼоӻӈи

ӄʼоӻӈи (qʼoġŋi)


и-

On verbs, marks an indefinite or unspecified object.


риӈго

риӈго (riŋgo)


минр̌

минр̌ (minř)


няӄр̌

няӄр̌ (ņaqř)

(Sakhalin, cardinal numbers) one (for counting objects)


ньыньбен

ньыньбен (ņəņben)


ныкр̌

ныкр̌ (nəkř)

(Sakhalin, cardinal numbers) four (for counting objects)


меӄр̌

меӄр̌ (meqř)

(Sakhalin, cardinal numbers) two (for counting objects)


мӽоӄр̌

мӽоӄр̌ (mẋoqř)

(Sakhalin, cardinal numbers) ten (for counting objects)


тяӄр̌

тяӄр̌ (țaqř)

(Sakhalin, cardinal numbers) three (for counting humans)

(Sakhalin, cardinal numbers) three (for counting objects)


тʼоӄр̌

тʼоӄр̌ (tʼoqř)

(Sakhalin, cardinal numbers) five (for counting objects)


нырӈ

(Sakhalin, cardinal numbers) four (for counting humans)


тʼорӈ

тʼорӈ (tʼorŋ)

(Sakhalin, cardinal numbers) five (for counting humans)


ненӈ

(Sakhalin, cardinal numbers) one (for counting humans)


менӈ

(Sakhalin, cardinal numbers) two (for counting humans)


тёр̌

(Sakhalin, cardinal numbers) three (for counting animals)


тʼатӈ

тʼатӈ (tʼatŋ)


нур̌

(Sakhalin, cardinal numbers) four (for counting animals)


мӽоӈ

(Sakhalin, cardinal numbers) ten (for counting humans)

(Sakhalin, cardinal numbers) ten (for counting animals)


мор̌

(Sakhalin, cardinal numbers) two (for counting animals)


тʼор̌

тʼор̌ (tʼoř)

(Sakhalin, cardinal numbers) five (for counting animals)


мар̌

From Proto-Nivkh *me-, *mi- (“two”), with the numeral classifier for animals *-r.

(East Sakhalin, South Sakhalin, cardinal numbers) two (for counting animals)


няндорӈ

няндорӈ (ņandorŋ)

(Sakhalin, cardinal numbers) nine (for counting humans)

(Sakhalin, cardinal numbers, dated) nine (for counting boats)

(Sakhalin, cardinal numbers, dated) nine (for counting sleds)

(Sakhalin, cardinal numbers, dated) nine (for counting holes/cells in a seine)

(Sakhalin, cardinal numbers, dated) nine (for counting seines and fishing nets)

(Sakhalin, cardinal numbers, dated) nine (for counting long objects)

(Sakhalin, cardinal numbers, dated) nine (for counting small, round objects)


няндор̌

няндор̌ (ņandoř)

(Sakhalin, cardinal numbers) nine (for counting animals)

(Sakhalin, cardinal numbers) nine (for counting objects)


мамӻать

мамӻать (mamġaț)


азмыть

азмыть (azməț)


р̌аӈӷ

р̌аӈӷ (řaŋğ)


нивӈ

нивӈ (ņivŋ) (plural нивӈгун)


ӿаймӈар̌

ӿаймӈар̌ (hajmŋař) (plural ӿаймӈар̌кун)

hajmŋař (romanization)
ӿаймӈар̌кун (plural)


азмытьэӻлӈ

азмытьэӻлӈ (azməțeġlŋ)


р̌аӈӷэӻлӈ

р̌аӈӷэӻлӈ (řaŋğeġlŋ)

/r̥aŋɢ‿eʁlŋ/

/r̥aŋɢ‿eʁlŋ/

[r̥aŋɢ‿ˈeːlŋ]

From р̌аӈӷ (řaŋğ) + эӻлӈ (eġlŋ).


тёӈр̌

тёӈр̌ (țoŋř)


ӈаӻри

ӈаӻри (ŋaġri)


ӈарғыр̌

ӈарғыр̌ (ŋarγəř)


пихти

пихти (pixți)


ӈаўр̌

ӈаўр̌ (ŋawř)


анғи

(East Sakhalin, South Sakhalin) heel (of foot)


ӈатьх

ӈатьх (ŋațx)


ытиксо

ытиксо (əțikso)

ытик (əțik) + чо (ț’o)


ытӈунивх

ытӈунивх (ətŋuņivx)


ырты-ырты

ырты-ырты (ərtə-ərtə)


ытик

Proto-Nivkh *acik "grandmother, mother-in-law," probably from a Tungusic language. Compare Amur Nivkh атьк (ațk, “mother-in-law”), атьх (ațx, “aunt”), East Sakhalin атим (ațim).

(Amur, East Sakhalin, North Sakhalin) grandmother


Ниӿоӈ

Ниӿоӈ (Ņihoŋ)


Чока

Чока (Ț’oka)


диф

тиф тиф#Nivkh

Lenited form of тиф (țif). Occurs after nasals and vowels


ниӿоӈ диф

ниӿоӈ диф (ņihoŋ d̦if)


Нуча

Нуча (Nuț’a)

Borrowed from Russian Росси́я (Rossíja) or Russian Русь (Rusʹ), possibly related to Ainu ヌチャ .


Лоча

Лоча (Loț’a)


-гун

(East Sakhalin) plural marker for nouns and verbs

-хун

optionally used after voiceless plosives


-гу

(Amur, North Sakhalin) plural marker for nouns and verbs


мырдь

мырдь (mərd̦)


чӽар̌

чӽар̌ (ț’ẋař)


ӄанӈ

From Proto-Nivkh *ɢanŋ.
Similar to other Eurasian dog words such as Proto-Sino-Tibetan *d-kʷəj-n and Proto-Indo-European *ḱwṓ, but this is likely to be a coincidence or a parallel onomatopoeic derivation.


эӻа

Either an original Nivkh word (*eχaŋ), or from Tungusic, compare Manchu ᡳᡥᠠᠨ (ihan).


моть

From earlier *məc(ɣ). Possibly related to Proto-Chukotko-Kamchatkan *macve (“chest”).


авғс

(Amur) glue, made from fish skin and bladder


авсӄ

Gymnocephalus cernua
Gymnocephalus cernua#Translingual

(Amur) ruff (Gymnocephalus cernua, syn. Acerina cernua)


авғур̌

авғур̌ (avγuř)

(East Sakhalin) glue, made from fish skin and bladder


ꜧ

Unified Northern Alphabet
w:Unified Northern Alphabet

(obsolete) A letter of the Unified Northern Alphabet.


пос

From earlier (*bos), borrowed from Manchu ᠪᠣᠰᠣ (boso, “cloth”); see there for more. Ultimate origin is Arabic بَزّ (bazz).


зом

(Amur, East Sakhalin, zoology) harlequin duck; rock duck


фурд

(East Sakhalin) to narrate, to tell a story


вызғалр̌

вызғалр̌ (vəzγalř)

(East Sakhalin) a dessert, similar to tolkusha or pemmican, traditionally made with boiled fish (chum salmon or pink salmon), berries (bog bilberry, lingonberry, and cloudberry), and seal fat.


тамх

From a Mongolic language, compare Mongolian тамхи (tamxi).


лоча

лоча (loț’a)


чафӄ

чафӄ (ț’afq)


лых

niv-regional

ных, нух, лых

(Amur, North Sakhalin, East Sakhalin) rain


лых

(Amur) floating harpoon used to catch seals


хота

From Middle Mongol [Term?]. Compare Mongolian хот (xot) and Nanai хотон (hoton).


кеӽ

(Amur, East Sakhalin, zoology) gull; seagull


питғы

head

питғы (pitγə)


олӻоӈ

олӻоӈ (olġoŋ)

Possibly from Tungusic, compare Nanai олгиан (olgian).

олӻоӈ ӈоӽ

(Amur, East Sakhalin, zoology) pig, boar


йытӈунивх

йытӈунивх (jətŋuņivx)

af

йытӈудь (jətŋud̦) + нивх (ņivx)


тʼулф

head

тʼулф (tʼulf)


чаӈдь

чаӈдь (ț’aŋd̦)


кылдь

кылдь (kəld̦)

кыла кʼе


тивдь

тивдь (țivd̦)


чуздь

чуздь (ț’uzd̦)

чуз дыф

чуз диф

Чуз ань


вердь

вердь (verd̦)


радь

чаӽ тадь

оӽт радь

нениӄ радь


пилдь

пилдь (pild̦)


ӽарпть

ӽарпть (ẋarpț)


охт

Either from an earlier (*oχt), or from Tungusic, compare Manchu ᠣᡴᡨᠣ (okto).


пʼуф

Either from an earlier (*puv-), or from Tungusic, compare Nanai попон (popon).


ыӈг

From an earlier (*amɣ). Perhaps related with Tungusic *amŋa, compare Evenki амӈа (amŋa). Latter might be related to Mongolic *aman, compare Mongolian ам (am).


пʼал

Either from an earlier (*pal(ŋ)), or from Tungusic, compare Nanai палан (palan).


амра

From earlier (*amta(ŋ)), from Proto-Mongolic *amtan, compare Mongolian амт (amt).


-ла

пилдь (pild̦) + -ла (-la) → пила (pila)

Suffix attached to stative verbs to denote permanence


нымр̌

нымр̌ (nəmř)


намр̌

намр̌ (namř)


ньыӈ

(Amur, exclusively, in the plural) we, our


пазр̌

пазр̌ (pazř)


няӄр

(Amur, cardinal numbers) one (for counting objects)


ньын

(Amur, cardinal numbers) one (for counting animals)


выскф

выскф (vəskf)

place where competitive fights are carried out


еф

From едь (jed̦) + -ф (-f) or ед (jed) + -ф (-f).


выскть

выскть (vəskț)

Меги выкснытэ

(Amur) to fight (competitively); to wrestle


ӻорӄорид

ӻорӄорид (ġorqorid)

Ни чаӽ ӻорӄорид


ӻорӄорудь

ӻорӄорудь (ġorqorud̦)

Ни чаӽ ӄорӄорудь


зосӄть

зосӄть (zosqț)

Ни лур тёсӄть

мролв дор тёсӄть


роруйд

тʼуғр̌ тёзудь


ед

From Proto-Nivkh *j-(h)e-nt. The forms with h- are from Proto-Nivkh forms lacking an undergoer prefix j-, not by a regular alternation.

(East Sakhalin) to stew (over a low flame)


зозудь

зозудь (zozud̦)

тʼуғр тёзудь


вывдь

вывдь (vəvd̦)


вывдь

вывдь (vəvd̦)


вығдь

вығдь (vəγd̦)

П’лаӄр̌ хева вығдь!

2021, M. G. Temina, Je. Ju. Gruzdeva, Пособие по нивхскому языку (амурский вариант) (overall work in Russian), page 55:


вед

Proto-Nivkh *we- "to run (of an animal)".

(East Sakhalin) to go, run (of an animal)


вавд

Proto-Nivkh *av- "to marry," with reciprocal prefix в- (v-) and indicative marker *-nt. Compare also Amur Nivkh вави (vavi, “to get married”) for a similar reciprocal derivation.


вавд

Proto-Nivkh *bav- "to pound," with an indicative marker *-nt. According to Fortescue, possibly related to Proto-Nivkh *cvəvr "hammer" derived with a deverbal instrumental affix *-r, in which case a doublet of Amur Nivkh чвывс (ț’vəvs)


видь

Иф пʼрыӈан ни видь


нар̌тиӈ

нар̌тиӈ (nařțiŋ)


аӈӿагин

аӈӿагин (aŋhagin)

Ни аӈӿагин индыдоӽ ӄʼаудь.

Ни аӈдоӽӿагин иттоӽ ӄʼаудь.


ӈаўр̌к

ӈаўр̌к (ŋawřk)


пʼратудь

пʼратудь (pʼratud̦)

Equivalent to пʼ- (pʼ-) + рату (ratu) + -дь (-d̦)


пʼрыд

пʼрыд (pʼrəd)

тафтоӽ пʼрыд

чиндоӽ андӽ пʼрыд


ӿивр̌

ӿивр̌ (hivř)


антӽ

Either from an earlier (*antR), or from Tungusic, compare Manchu ᠠᠨᡨᠠᡥᠠ (antaha).


пʼрыдь

пʼрыдь (pʼrəd̦)

тыфтоӽ пʼрыдь

чыӈдоӽ антӽ пʼрыдь

ț’əŋdoẋ antẋ


чоӽ

(Amur, East Sakhalin) juice from plants and berries


тʼару

тʼару (tʼaru)


итть

ни пʼымыкроӽ итть

энагур итть


пʼ-

иф пʼӈафӄху пʼрывур итть = Heᵢ said that hisᵢ friends had come. (Amur)

яӈ пʼӈафӄхун пʼрывур итнд = Heᵢ said that hisᵢ friends had come. (Sakhalin)

(Amur, Sakhalin, possessive, reflexive) With nouns, marks reflexive possession. Can correspond to my, your, their (own), etc. depending on the antecedent.

(Amur, Sakhalin, reflexive) With verbs, marks reflexivity. Can correspond to myself, yourself, themselves, etc. depending on the antecedent.


няр

(Sakhalin, cardinal numbers, dated) one (for counting bunches of yukola)


нир̌

(Sakhalin, cardinal numbers, dated) one (for counting sleds)


ньғуви

ньғуви (ņγuvi)

(Sakhalin, cardinal numbers, dated) one (for counting bunches of dog food)


тьӈаӄ

тьӈаӄ (țŋaq)

(Sakhalin, cardinal numbers, dated) three (for counting rods strung with smelt)


мӈаӄ

(Sakhalin, cardinal numbers, dated) two (for counting rods strung with smelt)


ньӈаӄ

ньӈаӄ (ņŋaq)

(Sakhalin, cardinal numbers, dated) one (for counting rods strung with smelt)


мевор

(Sakhalin, cardinal numbers, dated) two (for counting seines)


нӈыӄ

(Sakhalin, cardinal numbers, dated) four (for counting rods strung with smelt)


нео

(Sakhalin, cardinal numbers, dated) one (for counting seines and fishing nets)


мӽоу

(Sakhalin, cardinal numbers) ten (for counting holes/cells in a seine)

(Sakhalin, cardinal numbers) ten (for counting seines and fishing nets)


мефат

(Sakhalin, cardinal numbers, dated) two (for counting seal and kaluga tackle)


ньлай

ньлай (ņlaj)

(Sakhalin, cardinal numbers, dated) one (for counting strands of rope)


ниу

(Sakhalin, cardinal numbers, dated) one (for counting holes/cells in a seine)


низчу

низчу (ņizț’u)

(Sakhalin, cardinal numbers, dated) one (for counting nets)


ньфат

ньфат (ņfat)

(Sakhalin, cardinal numbers, dated) one (for counting seal and kaluga tackle)


ньвор

ньвор (ņvor)

(Sakhalin, cardinal numbers, dated) one (for counting seines)


мылосиф

мылосиф (məlosif)

From мыло (məlo) + сидь (sid̦) + -ф (-f) or мыло (məlo) + сид (sid) + -ф (-f).


сидь

питғы тыр тʼхы сидь

ваӄи сидь

кʼу сидь


сидух

Loanword shared with Tungusic. Possibly related to Ainu シントコ.


тʼхырпть

тʼхырпть (tʼxərpț)


тʼӽар̌пт

тʼӽар̌пт (tʼẋařpt)


тʼхар̌пт

тʼхар̌пт (tʼxařpt)


-ык

From earlier *-ak. Perhaps from Russian аки (aki).


тяӄо

(Amur, North Sakhalin, East Sakhalin) knife


ӄʼа

Probably from Mandarin 鋼／钢 via Tungusic.


ӽотаӈ

ӽотаӈ (ẋotaŋ)

From Middle Mongol [Term?]. Compare Mongolian хот (xot) and Nanai хотон (hoton).


тʼурс

тʼурс (tʼurs)


тʼу

(Amur, East Sakhalin, South Sakhalin) dogsled


ӄʼатьӈ

ӄʼатьӈ (qʼațŋ)

(East Sakhalin) specimen; sort; kind; variety


марр̌

марр̌ (marř)


таӈваӈ

таӈваӈ (taŋvaŋ)

Allium ursinum
Allium ursinum#Translingual

(East Sakhalin) ramson, bear garlic (Allium ursinum)


тʼад

Ни ӈаӽ тʼад.

р̌ад р̌ад#Nivkh

Lenited form of р̌ад (řad). Occurs after fricatives and sometimes sonorants.


кʼуквур̌

кʼуквур̌ (kʼukvuř)


кʼилӈ

кʼилӈ (kʼilŋ)


кʼилӈ

кʼилӈ (kʼilŋ)


кʼу

кʼу сидь


кʼувань

кʼувань (kʼuvaņ)

af

кʼу (kʼu) + вань (vaņ)


кʼыстилығыдь

head

кʼыстилығыдь (kʼəsțiləγəd̦)

кʼыстилығы ӈаӈыӈнивх


кʼуғи

кʼуғи (kʼuγi)


кʼуғи

кʼуғи (kʼuγi)


лепр̌анивӈ

лепр̌анивӈ (lepřaņivŋ)

From леп (lep) + р̌ад (řad) + нивӈ (ņivŋ).


ӿелудь

ӿелудь (helud̦)

(Amur) to blush (from shame, embarrassment, or happiness)


кыкык

кыкык (kəkək)


ӄʼавӈи

ӄʼавӈи (qʼavŋi)


тутут

(zoology, East Sakhalin) turtle dove; collared dove


тупр̌

тупр̌ (tupř)


кʼр̌уӈи

кʼр̌уӈи (kʼřuŋi)

(zoology, East Sakhalin) sandpiper; snipe


тʼар̌ӄраӽ

тʼар̌ӄраӽ (tʼařqraẋ)


тʼлеўла ӈа

тʼлеўла ӈа (tʼlewla ŋa)


кʼызд

кʼызд (kʼəzd)


уӈа

(zoology, East Sakhalin) glowworm; firefly; lightning bug


ӿарӈи

ӿарӈи (harŋi)


ӿискр̌

ӿискр̌ (hiskř)


тʼр̌ат

тʼр̌ат (tʼřat)


ӽойр̌

ӽойр̌ (ẋojř)


тятьр̌

тятьр̌ (țațř)


йыскымдь

йыскымдь (jəskəmd̦)


йытӈудь

йытӈудь (jətŋud̦)


гылмр

гылмр (gəlmr)

кылмр кылмр#Nivkh

Lenited form of кылмр (kəlmr). Occurs after nasals and vowels


тоӄть

тоӄть (toqț)

ваӄи гылмр тоӄть

роӄть роӄть#Nivkh

Lenited form of роӄть (roqț). Occurs after fricatives and sometimes sonorants.


роӄть

роӄть (roqț)

ӿонтӄ роӄть

ваӄи гылмр тоӄть


ӄадь

чаӽ тёух ӄадь

(Amur) to flow down a river; to float downstream

(Amur) to move from the back wall of a house toward the door


кылмр

кылмр (kəlmr)

танс кылмр


лоти

Borrowed from Russian Росси́я (Rossíja) or Russian Русь (Rusʹ), possibly related to Ainu ヌチャ .

Наквур белорусскунғе, лотиғунғе, украинцкунғе, якутғунғе, тьый эна-эна Россияух ӿум нивхкун пʼрор̌кунты, пʼзифкунты, пʼи культурағе тʼхырпта ӄʼаутғун.

2020, Н. Г. Бессонова, “Нивх тивух нен-нен ыу мыкыркут гузт фурть [Proper Articulation of Certain Phonemes of the Nivkh Language]”, in II Международный симпозиум на языках коренных малочисленных народов Дальнего Востока Российской Федерации [Second International Symposium in the Languages of the Indigenous Small-Numbered Peoples of the Far East of the Russian Federation]:

Still, Belarusians, Russians, Ukrainians, Yakuts, and other peoples living in Russia haven't forgotten their traditions, their languages, their culture.


ань ырӈ

ань ырӈ (aņ ərŋ)


чалу

чалу (ț’alu)


чарӈи

чарӈи (ț’arŋi)


ӄʼави

ӄʼави (qʼavi)


уньғыр̌

уньғыр̌ (uņγəř)


аӻаӄм

аӻаӄм (aġaqm)


ыр̌кыр̌

ыр̌кыр̌ (əřkəř)


чатьф

чатьф (ț’ațf)


кʼ

The sixteenth letter of the Nivkh alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


пʼ

The twenty-fifth letter of the Nivkh alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


тʼ

The thirtieth letter of the Nivkh alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


дыф

тыф тыф#Nivkh

Lenited form of тыф (təf). Occurs after nasals and vowels


ӈалдь

ӈалдь (ŋald̦)


пʼова

пʼова (pʼova)


иғӈа

(Amur, East Sakhalin, zoology) merganser; goosander


ӄойла

(East Sakhalin, zoology) large gull; seagull


кыхкых

кыхкых (kəxkəx)

кыхкых ӈырғр


ар̌ пʼеӄ

ар̌ пʼеӄ (ař pʼeq)

af

ар̌ (ař) + пʼеӄ (pʼeq)


нёни

нёни ӈойеӄ


ун ун

Representing the sound of a puppy or kitten's squeak.


ухта

expressing delight after catching a bear


ӿа ӿа

Representing the sound of a person blowing on something.


ӿурр̌

head

ӿурр̌ (hurř)

Representing the sound of a moving crowd.


чхуйғур̌

чхуйғур̌ (ț’xujγuř)

(East Sakhalin, zoology) horned owl; eagle-owl


ӿы

uh-huh; mhm (when expressing agreement or conjecture)


тʼы тʼы

тʼы тʼы (tʼə tʼə)


тюй

Leftǃ (when commanding a dog team to turn)


ӿомӄ ӿомӄ

Representing the sound of touching or feeling a soft object.


ӿево ӿево

Representing the sound of heavy breathing while walking.


ӿу ӿу

phew (when expressing weariness or exhaustion)


порр̌

порр̌ (porř)

Stop (when commanding a dog team); calm down; slow down.


пʼуӈ пʼуӈ

пʼуӈ пʼуӈ (pʼuŋ pʼuŋ)

[pʰuŋ‿ˈbʰuŋ]

Representing the sound of stirred up foam on a water surface.


ӿана

Come on; well (used to encourage somebody to do something or to act)


ыпып

brr (Used to express being cold, to show shivering.)


амӈирӈ

амӈирӈ (amŋirŋ)

(East Sakhalin) round wooden bowl with a saucer, used during bear festivals


пы пы

пы пы (pə pə)

hushaby (used when putting a baby to sleep.)


кеоз

(East Sakhalin) string (of an implement)


ыныя

ыныя (ənəja)

Yayǃ; Hurrayǃ (when expressing joy, admiration, or surprise)


кехӈ

(East Sakhalin) spirit (assisting a shaman)


кулудь

кулудь (kulud̦)

(Amur) to open one's eyes widely out of surprise or fright


айфтиӈ

айфтиӈ (ajfțiŋ)


кинр̌

кинр̌ (kinř)

(East Sakhalin) evil spirit; devil; demon


алхтур̌

алхтур̌ (alxtuř)


-ӿагин

(Amur) no- (A suffix used to derive negative forms of interrogative adverbs, determiners, and pronouns.)


кикун

(Amur, East Sakhalin, zoology) horned owl; eagle-owl


р̌атӽӿагин

р̌атӽӿагин (řatẋhagin)


хей хей

Expressing regret, pity, or disappointment.

Expressing joy, surprise, or dissatisfaction.


вайд

(East Sakhalin) to howl loudly (of dogs)


аньӽ

(East Sakhalin, zoology) female, bitch, doe, hen, she, jenny (an individual belonging to the sex that can give birth)


чид

лаӈр̌ чид.

сид сид#Nivkh

Lenited form of сид (sid). Occurs after fricatives and sometimes sonorants.


мурӈ нонӄ

мурӈ нонӄ (murŋ nonq)


тавух

таф таф#Nivkh


ӄанд

(East Sakhalin, zoology) adult spotted seal


кʼыск нонӄ

кʼыск нонӄ (kʼəsk nonq)


лавӄор̌

лавӄор̌ (lavqoř)


кʼвыр̌

кʼвыр̌ (kʼvəř)

(East Sakhalin) gut, intestine, bowel (of an animal)


тавух яйву ӈа

From таф (taf, “house”) and яйву ӈа (jajvu ŋa, “livestock”).


олӻоӈ нонӄ

олӻоӈ нонӄ (olġoŋ nonq)


вазаӽ

вазаӽ (vazaẋ)


нивғӈ

нивғӈ (ņivγŋ) (plural нивғӈгун)


ниғвӈ

ниғвӈ (ņiγvŋ) (plural ниғвӈгун)


кывғыв

кывғыв (kəvγəv)


кывғыв

кывғыв (kəvγəv)


ꞓ

(obsolete) A letter of the Unified Northern Alphabet.


вукр̌

вукр̌ (vukř)


ирмыд

ирмыд (irməd)

(East Sakhalin) to cross a river or mountain ridge


илғд

(East Sakhalin) to slice the flesh from a hide


иғрӈамх

иғрӈамх (iγrŋamx)


айм

(Amur, avoidance) dog (used during hunting season)


чухчуғд

чухчуғд (ț’uxț’uγd)

(East Sakhalin) to perform a ritual with an offering or sacrifice


элӈф

(East Sakhalin) place where offerings were made to the sea after catching a seal


чхыф

чхыф (ț’xəf)


пʼр̌оӄ

пʼр̌оӄ (pʼřoq)


чамӈ

чамӈ (ț’amŋ)


утӻаврр̌

утӻаврр̌ (utġavrř)


чхыф лислизнд

чхыф лислизнд (ț’xəf lisliznd)


лезӈ

(East Sakhalin) small shed on piles for storing bear bones and ritual objects for the bear festival


ӿаӈр̌

ӿаӈр̌ (haŋř)

(East Sakhalin) a birchbark box with carved decorations used during sacrifice rituals


розудь

розудь (rozud̦)

эри розудь

чатьф тозудь


ӄʼоӻл

ӄʼоӻл (qʼoġl)

(East Sakhalin) reason; intellect; sense


лураюниғвӈ

лураюниғвӈ (lurajuņiγvŋ)

From лу (lu) + раюд (rajud) + ниғвӈ (ņiγvŋ).

(East Sakhalin) song collector; musicologist


рыуумгу

рыуумгу (rəuumgu)


рыудь

рыудь (rəud̦)

оӻлагу рыудь

урокху рыудь

рыу ань


лудь

кʼе лудь


ӄʼастяр̌

ӄʼастяр̌ (qʼasțař)

(East Sakhalin) mallet or stick for tambourine


тʼуғр

тʼуғр (tʼuγr)


чӽодид

чӽодид (ț’ẋod̦id)


тур̌

эӻаӈ дур̌


чухт

чухт (ț’uxt)


чӽевр

чӽевр (ț’ẋevr)


чуралс

чуралс (ț’urals)

чуралс чоӽ


чуғных

чуғных (ț’uγnəx)

чуғных чоӻ


ығых

Compare possibly Alutiiq augyaq (“crowberry”).


чузлоӈ

чузлоӈ (ț’uzloŋ)

af

чуздь (ț’uzd̦) + лоӈ (loŋ)


-тоӽ

(Amur, East Sakhalin) Dative case suffix


чирлоӈ

head

чирлоӈ (ț’irloŋ)

af

чирд (ț’ird) + лоӈ (loŋ)


чӽасиф

head

чӽасиф (ț’ẋasif)


ӄʼордь

ӄʼордь (qʼord̦)

ӄʼорла нивх

Ни ӄʼорлаумгумуныдяғньдьра.


ығрӿагин

ығрӿагин (əγrhagin)


мыкс

мыкс нивх

мыкс тʼылгу


яғньдь

яғньдь (jaγņd̦)


қʼ

The eighteenth letter of the Nivkh alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.


маревд

мард мард#Nivkh


марнд

From Proto-Nivkh *mar(ev)-nt (“to go up”).


маӻнд

маӻнд (maġnd)

From Proto-Nivkh *mar(ev)-nt (“to go up”), probably by conflation with *maʀ- (“to go up (a shore)”).


рш

(Amur dialect) Alternative form of р̆ (r̆)


Р̆

The twenty-seventh letter of the Nivkh alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.