अ

The first vowel of Nepali, written in the Devanagari script. Inherent after consonants.


र

Inherited from Prakrit 𑀅𑀯𑀭 (avara) (via a truncated form *ra), from Sanskrit अपर (ápara, “other, different”).


क्ष

In Nepali an irregular ligature of क (ka) and ष (ṣa), considered its own letter.


ज्ञ

In Nepali an irregular ligature of ज (ja) and ञ (ña), considered its own letter, and hence the last letter of the Nepali alphabet.


The candrabindu nasal vowel diacritic of the Devanagari script.


त्र

In Nepali an irregular ligature of त (ta) and र (ra), considered its own letter.


व़

Used to represent the [w] sound in old Nepali texts, while the glyph व was used instead of ब to represent [b]. https://www.google.com/books/edition/Results_of_the_Nepal_German_Project_on_H/mpxjAAAAMAAJ?hl=en


य़

Used to represent the /j/ sound in Old Nepalese texts, in order to differentiate it with य, having previously merged with ज.


र्

A ligature of a vowelless र (r) used in front of glides and semi-vowels, for instance र्य (rya), र्व (rwa).