-ę́ę

deeztʼiʼę́ę

ńtʼę́ʼę́ę

at that time back then (forms ending in -ę́ę are often part of a narrative when telling a story)


ałtaaneesdiz

ʼał- (reciprocal) + -tah- (comitative) + -ni- (thematic) + -si- (modal) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier) + -diz (perfective stem of root -DIZ, “to twist”)

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-diz</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-DIZ</i>


áníldííl

áníshdííl (first-person imperfective singular)
ániildííl (duoplural first-person imperfective)
ádaniildííl (first-person imperfective plural)
áníníldííl (imperfective second-person singular)
ánółdííl (duoplural imperfective second-person)
ádanółdííl (imperfective plural second-person)
áníldííl (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
ádaníldííl (imperfective plural third-person)
ázhníldííl (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
ádazhníldííl (fourth-person imperfective plural)

ʼá- (comparative) + -ní- (comparative) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -l- (classifier) + -dííl (imperfective stem of root -DÍÍL, “to be large”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-dííl</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-DÍÍL</i>


head

Jesus Daaztsą́ą́dę́ę́ʼ Náádiidzáhígíí Bééhániih

Jesus + daaztsą́ (“he died”) + -dę́ę́ʼ (“from”) + náádiidzá (“he arose (from the dead)”) (from d- (classifier) + -yá (perfective stem meaning to go on foot)) + -ígíí (“nominalizer”) + bééhániih (“it is remembered”)


adiníłdíín

adííníshdíín (first-person imperfective singular)
adííníildíín (duoplural first-person imperfective)
daʼdííníildíín (first-person imperfective plural)
adííníłdíín (imperfective second-person singular)
adíínółdíín (duoplural imperfective second-person)
daʼdíínółdíín (imperfective plural second-person)
adiníłdíín (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
daʼdiníłdíín (imperfective plural third-person)
adizhníłdíín (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dazhdiʼníłdíín (fourth-person imperfective plural)

ʼa- (unspecified person object prefix) + -di- (“fire”) + -ní- (“directed at”, combining form of yíní- in the 3rd person) + -ł- (classifier) + -díín (imperfective stem of root -DÍÍN, “light shines”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-díín</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-DÍÍN</i>

he/she/it is directing, casting or reflecting light


bihónéedząąh

bihónéedząąh (singular third-person)
bihónéedzą́ (singular third-person)
bihónéesdząąd (singular third-person)

b- (thematic) + -ho- (“space, area, things”) + -ní- (comparative) + -ee- (ni-modal 3rd person subject prefix) + -d- (classifier) + -dząąh (imperfective stem of root -DZĄĄD, “to be possible”).
The stem may actually be -ząąh, potentially ultimately deriving from the root -YĄĄD ("to be wise", see honisą/hóyą). Compare Chipewyan hurélyą (“good weather”) and Tsuut'ina nanidhzoh (“get well”).
Other difficulties are the origin of the high tone on ho- and the pre-stem long -née- (possibly from ní- + ni- ?), only found in few other bases (see ánéeltʼeʼ).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-dząąh</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-DZĄĄD</i>


Jesus Biʼdiisyínę́ędą́ą́ʼ Bééhániih

Alternative form of Jesus Biʼdiisxínę́ędą́ą́ʼ Bééhániih


bikééʼ

bi- (3rd person object prefix) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + ∅- (classifier) + -kééʼ (noun/postposition stem used as a verb stem)

tábąąhgóó bikééʼ

tábąąhgóó akééʼ

there is a line of footprints along the shore

his/her/its tracks extend, lead somewhere


bikééʼ

shikééʼ (first-person singular)
nihikééʼ (duoplural first-person)
nikééʼ (second-person singular)
nihikééʼ (duoplural second-person)
bikééʼ (third-person)
yikééʼ (fourth-person)
hakééʼ (fourth-person)
akééʼ (fourth-person singular)
ákééʼ (reflexive singular)
ałkééʼ (duoplural reciprocal)
ahiłkééʼ (duoplural reciprocal)


náházo

náháso (first-person imperfective singular)
náhwiidzo (duoplural first-person imperfective)
nídahwiidzo (first-person imperfective plural)
náhózo (imperfective second-person singular)
náhóhso (duoplural imperfective second-person)
nídahohso (imperfective plural second-person)
náházo (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
nídahazo (imperfective plural third-person)
náhojizo (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
nídahojizo (fourth-person imperfective plural)
náhosézo (first-person perfective singular)
náhosiidzo (duoplural first-person perfective)
nídahosiidzo (first-person perfective plural)
náhosínízo (perfective second-person singular)
náhosoozo (duoplural perfective second-person)
nídahosoozo (perfective plural second-person)
náházo (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
nídahazo (perfective plural third-person)
náhojizo (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
nídahojizo (fourth-person perfective plural)

ná- (“around”) + -ho- (“space, area, things”) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -zo (continuative imperfective stem of root -ZO, “to mark”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-zo</i>

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ZO</i>

Third-person singular and dual perfective form of náházo


chʼííłʼá

chʼíníshʼá (first-person imperfective singular)
chʼíniilʼá (duoplural first-person imperfective)
chʼídaniilʼá (first-person imperfective plural)
chʼíníłʼá (imperfective second-person singular)
chʼínółʼá (duoplural imperfective second-person)
chʼídanołʼá (imperfective plural second-person)
chʼííłʼá (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
chʼídeíłʼá (imperfective plural third-person)
chʼíjíłʼá (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
chʼídajíłʼá (fourth-person imperfective plural)
chʼíníłʼaʼ (first-person perfective singular)
chʼíniilʼaʼ (duoplural first-person perfective)
chʼídaniilʼaʼ (first-person perfective plural)
chʼííníłʼaʼ (perfective second-person singular)
chʼínoołʼaʼ (duoplural perfective second-person)
chʼídanoołʼaʼ (perfective plural second-person)
chʼíiníłʼaʼ (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
chʼídeisʼaʼ (perfective plural third-person)
chʼízhníłʼaʼ (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
chʼídajisʼaʼ (fourth-person perfective plural)

he/she is sending him/her/it out, ordering him/her/it out


diigis

diisgis (first-person perfective singular)
diigis (duoplural first-person perfective)
dadiigis (first-person perfective plural)
dinigis (perfective second-person singular)
doohgis (duoplural perfective second-person)
dadoohgis (perfective plural second-person)
diigis (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
dadiigis (perfective plural third-person)
jidiigis (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dazhdiigis (fourth-person perfective plural)

di- (inceptive) + -yi- (transitional) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -d- (classifier) + -gis (neuter perfective stem of root -GIZ, “to twist”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-gis</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-GIZ</i>

first-person duoplural imperfective of diigis


deesdoi

di- (inceptive) + -si- (modal) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier) + -doi (neuter perfective stem of root -DOII, “to be hot”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-doi</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-DOII</i>

Shił deesdoi

Nihił deesdoi

Nihił dadeesdoi


diichʼééh

diishchʼééh (first-person imperfective singular)
diichʼééh (duoplural first-person imperfective)
dadiichʼééh (first-person imperfective plural)
diichʼééh (imperfective second-person singular)
doohchʼééh (duoplural imperfective second-person)
dadoohchʼééh (imperfective plural second-person)
diichʼééh (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
dadiichʼééh (imperfective plural third-person)
jidiichʼééh (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dazhdiichʼééh (fourth-person imperfective plural)
diichʼeeʼ (first-person perfective singular)
diichʼeeʼ (duoplural first-person perfective)
dadiichʼeeʼ (first-person perfective plural)
dinichʼeeʼ (perfective second-person singular)
doochʼeeʼ (duoplural perfective second-person)
dadoochʼeeʼ (perfective plural second-person)
diichʼeeʼ (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
dadiichʼeeʼ (perfective plural third-person)
jidiichʼeeʼ (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dazhdiichʼeeʼ (fourth-person perfective plural)

di- (“oral”) + -yi- (transitional) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -chʼééh (imperfective stem of root -CHʼEEʼ, “to open the mouth”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-chʼééh</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-CHʼEEʼ</i>

Second-person singular imperfective form of diichʼééh

First-person dual imperfective form of diichʼééh


kin yaaʼáanii

towering house people, towering house clan


hónágháahnii

he-walks-around-one people, one-who-walks-around clan


tó áhání

near to water people, near to water clan


Dziłghą́ʼí

From dziłghą́ą́ʼ (“mountaintop, summit”) + -í (nominalizer).

White Mountain Apache Tribe, a Western Apache tribe


nízah

haa nízah

haa nízahdę́ę́ʼ

haa nízahjįʼ


díłchʼil

di- (adjectival) + -◌́- (ni-modal 3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier) + -chʼil (neuter perfective stem of root -CHʼIL, “plant”)

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-chʼil</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-CHʼIL</i>

it (vegetation or some non-compact material) is dense, thick


doo ákótʼée da

doo bił ákótʼée da


ditłééʼ

dinishtłééʼ (first-person imperfective singular)
diniitłééʼ (duoplural first-person imperfective)
dadiniitłééʼ (first-person imperfective plural)
dinítłééʼ (imperfective second-person singular)
dinohtłééʼ (duoplural imperfective second-person)
dadinohtłééʼ (imperfective plural second-person)
ditłééʼ (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
daditłééʼ (imperfective plural third-person)
jiditłééʼ (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dazhditłééʼ (fourth-person imperfective plural)
hoditłééʼ (spatial-person)

di- (adjectival) + -∅- (ni-modal 3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -tłééʼ (neuter imperfective stem of root -TŁÉÉʼ, “to be wet”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-tłééʼ</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-TŁÉÉʼ</i>


hoditłééʼ

spatial-person imperfective of ditłééʼ (“the place is wet, damp, it is humid”)


hóółtseii

ho- (“space, area, things”) + -◌́◌́- (yi-perfective 3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier) + -tseii (neuter perfective stem of root -TSEII, “to be dry”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-tseii</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-TSEII</i>


yíłtseii

yínístseii (first-person perfective singular)
yíníiltseii (duoplural first-person perfective)
deíníiltseii (first-person perfective plural)
yíníłtseii (perfective second-person singular)
yínółtseii (duoplural perfective second-person)
deínółtseii (perfective plural second-person)
yíłtseii (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
deíłtseii (perfective plural third-person)
jíłtseii (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dajíłtseii (fourth-person perfective plural)
hóółtseii (spatial-person)

yí- (“directed at”, combining form of yíní- in the 3rd person) + -ł- (classifier) + -tseii (neuter perfective stem of root -TSEII, “to be dry”).
Ł-classifier does not have a transitive-causative meaning in this base.


sizílí

si- (modal) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -zílí (neuter perfective stem of root -ZIIL, “to be warm”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-zílí</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ZIIL</i>


honeezílí

ho- (“space, area, things”) + -ni- (adjectival) + -si- (modal) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -zílí (neuter perfective stem of root -ZIIL, “to be warm”).


díchʼííʼ

di- (“sensory”) + -◌́- (ni-modal 3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -chʼííʼ (neuter perfective stem of root -CHʼÍÍʼ, “to burn”)

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-chʼííʼ</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-CHʼÍÍʼ</i>


ínáóltąʼí

Ínáóltąʼí díí jį́ akéeʼdi nahalyééh tłʼééʼ ííłníiʼjįʼ

This is the last day, until midnight, to pay your taxes.


akéeʼdi

akéeʼdi tséʼnaa niikai


ííłnííʼ

shį́ʼííłnííʼ

tłʼééʼ ííłnííʼ

the middle of the night came; it became midnight.

tłʼééʼ ííłníiʼjįʼ

perfective of ííłniih : it became the middle of, mid-


shį́ʼííłnííʼ

head

shį́ʼííłnííʼ


nahalyé

simple passive perfective of nayiilé: to be paid


tłʼéʼííłnííʼ

tłʼéʼííłnííʼ


déesxéél

díníshhéél (first-person perfective singular)
díníilyéél (duoplural first-person perfective)
dadíníilyéél (first-person perfective plural)
díníłhéél (perfective second-person singular)
dínóołhéél (duoplural perfective second-person)
dadínóołhéél (perfective plural second-person)
déesxéél (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
dadéesxéél (perfective plural third-person)
jidéesxéél (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dazdéesxéél (fourth-person perfective plural)

di- (“oral”) + -ni- (adjectival) + -si- (modal) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier) + -yéél (neuter perfective stem of root -YÉÉL, “to be calm”).
The root onset, originally *gh (> y), devoices after ł-classifier: ł + ghéél > ł + héél.
For the high tone on the prefix complex, see also díní-.

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-yéél</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-YÉÉL</i>

it/he/she is quiet, noiseless, still, calm


amásání

shimásání (first-person singular)
nihimásání (duoplural first-person)
danihimásání (first-person plural)
nimásání (second-person singular)
nihimásání (duoplural second-person)
danihimásání (plural second-person)
bimásání (third-person)
yimásání (fourth-person)
hamásání (fourth-person)
amásání (indefinite)

maternal grandmother
maternal grandmother

maternal grandmother, as well as any of her sisters (maternal great-aunts)


diłkʼáás

diłkʼáás (imperfective singular third-person)
deeskʼaaz (perfective singular third-person)
didoołkʼas (future singular third-person)
ńdíłkʼas (iterative singular third-person)
dółkʼáás (optative singular third-person)

di- (inceptive) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier) + -kʼáás (imperfective stem of root -KʼAAZ, “to be cold”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-kʼáás</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-KʼAAZ</i>

it (weather) is turning cold, starting to be cold


diłdzííd

diłdzííd (imperfective singular third-person)
dííłdzid (perfective singular third-person)
didoołdził (future singular third-person)

di- (thematic) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier) + -dzííd (imperfective stem of root -DZID, “to rot”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-dzííd</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-DZID</i>


Nahasdzáán Baa Hą́ą́hwiindzin Bá Hazʼą́

nahasdzáán (“Earth”) + baa (“about it”) + hą́ą́hwiindzin (“we are concerned”) + bá (“for it”) + hazʼą́ (“there is room”)

Díí jį́ Nahasdzáán Baa Hą́ą́hwiindzin


akʼídádéestʼį́į́ʼ

head

akʼídádéestʼį́į́ʼ

Naabeehó tʼáá bí bibeehazʼáanii yee akʼídádéestʼį́į́ʼ

Navajos have sovereignty through tribal law.


didzééh

disdzééh (first-person imperfective singular)
diidzééh (duoplural first-person imperfective)
dadiidzééh (first-person imperfective plural)
dídzééh (imperfective second-person singular)
dohdzééh (duoplural imperfective second-person)
dadohdzééh (imperfective plural second-person)
didzééh (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
dadidzééh (imperfective plural third-person)
jididzééh (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dazhdidzééh (fourth-person imperfective plural)
deesdzaʼ (first-person perfective singular)
deedzaʼ (duoplural first-person perfective)
dadeedzaʼ (first-person perfective plural)
díínídzaʼ (perfective second-person singular)
disoohdzaʼ (duoplural perfective second-person)
dadisoohdzaʼ (perfective plural second-person)
doodzaʼ (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
dadeesdzaʼ (perfective plural third-person)
jidoodzaʼ (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dazhdeesdzaʼ (fourth-person perfective plural)
dideesdzah (first-person future singular)
didiidzah (duoplural first-person future)
dadidiidzah (first-person future plural)
didíídzah (future second-person singular)
didoohdzah (duoplural future second-person)
dadidoohdzah (future plural second-person)
didoodzah (duoplural future singular third-person)
deididoodzah (future plural third-person)
dizhdoodzah (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
dazhdidoozah (fourth-person future plural)
dószééh (first-person singular)
doozééh (duoplural first-person)
dadoozééh (first-person plural)
dóózééh (second-person singular)
doohzééh (duoplural second-person)
dadoohzééh (plural second-person)
dózééh (duoplural singular third-person)
deidózééh (plural third-person)
jidózééh (duoplural fourth-person singular)
dazhdózééh (fourth-person plural)

di- (“arms, legs”) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -d- (classifier) + -dzééh (imperfective stem of root -DZAʼ, “to stagger”).
The stem and root may actually be -zééh / -ZAʼ.

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-dzééh</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-DZAʼ</i>

he/she is staggering somewhere, stumbling somewhere


naałnish

second-person dual imperfective of naalnish


naahné

second-person dual imperfective of naané


gaʼ

Éí gaʼ shaa ninánóhʼaah


bitsóóké

shitsóóké (first-person singular)
nihitsóóké (duoplural first-person)
danihitsóóké (first-person plural)
nitsóóké (second-person singular)
nihitsóóké (duoplural second-person)
danihitsóóké (plural second-person)
bitsóóké (third-person)
yitsóóké (fourth-person)
hatsóóké (fourth-person)
atsóóké (indefinite)


atsóí

atsóóké (plural)
shitsóí (first-person singular)
nihitsóí (duoplural first-person)
danihitsóí (first-person plural)
nitsóí (second-person singular)
nihitsóí (duoplural second-person)
danihitsóí (plural second-person)
bitsóí (third-person)
yitsóí (fourth-person)
hatsóí (fourth-person)
atsóí (indefinite)

first cousin once removed
first cousin once removed


dilʼéés

disʼéés (first-person imperfective singular)
diilʼéés (duoplural first-person imperfective)
dadiilʼéés (first-person imperfective plural)
dílʼéés (imperfective second-person singular)
dołʼéés (duoplural imperfective second-person)
dadołʼéés (imperfective plural second-person)
dilʼéés (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
dadilʼéés (imperfective plural third-person)
jidilʼéés (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dazhdilʼéés (fourth-person imperfective plural)
deesʼeez (first-person perfective singular)
diilʼeez (duoplural first-person perfective)
dadiilʼeez (first-person perfective plural)
díínílʼeez (perfective second-person singular)
doołʼeez (duoplural perfective second-person)
dadoołʼeez (perfective plural second-person)
doolʼeez (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
dadoolʼeez (perfective plural third-person)
jidoolʼeez (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dazhdoolʼeez (fourth-person perfective plural)

di- (“arms, legs”) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -l- (classifier) + -ʼéés (imperfective stem of root -ʼEEZ, “to step”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ʼéés</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ʼEEZ</i>

he/she is stepping somewhere, placing his/her foot somewhere


hainitá

hanishtá (first-person imperfective singular)
haniitá (duoplural first-person imperfective)
hadaniitá (first-person imperfective plural)
hanítá (imperfective second-person singular)
hanohtá (duoplural imperfective second-person)
hadanohtá (imperfective plural second-person)
hainitá (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
hadeinitá (imperfective plural third-person)
hazhnitá (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
hadazhnitá (fourth-person imperfective plural)
hanétą́ą́ʼ (first-person perfective singular)
haneetą́ą́ʼ (duoplural first-person perfective)
hadaneetą́ą́ʼ (first-person perfective plural)
hanínítą́ą́ʼ (perfective second-person singular)
hanootą́ą́ʼ (duoplural perfective second-person)
hadanootą́ą́ʼ (perfective plural second-person)
haineeztą́ą́ʼ (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
hadeineeztą́ą́ʼ (perfective plural third-person)
hazhneeztą́ą́ʼ (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
hadazhneeztą́ą́ʼ (fourth-person perfective plural)

ha- (“searching for”) + -y- (3rd person object prefix) + -ni- (thematic) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -tá (conclusive imperfective stem of root -TĄ́Ą́ʼ, “to search”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-tá</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-TĄ́Ą́ʼ</i>

he/she is looking for it, searching for it, seeking it


haigééd

haashgééd (first-person imperfective singular)
haiigééd (duoplural first-person imperfective)
hadeiigééd (first-person imperfective plural)
hanigééd (imperfective second-person singular)
haahgééd (duoplural imperfective second-person)
hadaahgééd (imperfective plural second-person)
haigééd (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
hadeigééd (imperfective plural third-person)
hajigééd (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
hadajigééd (fourth-person imperfective plural)
háágeed (first-person perfective singular)
haiigeed (duoplural first-person perfective)
hadasiigeed (first-person perfective plural)
háínígeed (perfective second-person singular)
haoogeed (duoplural perfective second-person)
hadasoogeed (perfective plural second-person)
hayíígeed (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
hadeizgeed (perfective plural third-person)
hajíígeed (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
hadajizgeed (fourth-person perfective plural)
hadeeshgoł (first-person future singular)
hadiigoł (duoplural first-person future)
hadadiigoł (first-person future plural)
hadíígoł (future second-person singular)
hadoohgoł (duoplural future second-person)
hadadoohgoł (future plural second-person)
haidoogoł (duoplural future singular third-person)
hadeidoogoł (future plural third-person)
hazhdoogoł (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
hadazhdoogoł (fourth-person future plural)

ha- (“up out”) + -y- (3rd person object prefix) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -gééd (imperfective stem of root -GEED, “to stick, to dig”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-gééd</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-GEED</i>


hilghaał

hishghaał (first-person imperfective singular)
hiilghaał (duoplural first-person imperfective)
dahiilghaał (first-person imperfective plural)
hílghaał (imperfective second-person singular)
hołghaał (duoplural imperfective second-person)
dahołghaał (imperfective plural second-person)
hilghaał (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
dahalghaał (imperfective plural third-person)
jiilghaał (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dajiilghaał (fourth-person imperfective plural)
heeshghal (first-person perfective singular)
hiilghal (duoplural first-person perfective)
daheelghal (first-person perfective plural)
híínílghal (perfective second-person singular)
hoołghal (duoplural perfective second-person)
dahisoołghal (perfective plural second-person)
hoolghal (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
daheesghal (perfective plural third-person)
jiyooghal (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dajiisghal (fourth-person perfective plural)

hi- (seriative) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -l- (classifier) + -ghaał (imperfective stem of root -GHAL, “to wriggle”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ghaał</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-GHAL</i>


hałeeh

hashłeeh (first-person imperfective singular)
hwiidleeh (duoplural first-person imperfective)
dahwiidleeh (first-person imperfective plural)
hółeeh (imperfective second-person singular)
hohłeeh (duoplural imperfective second-person)
dahohłeeh (imperfective plural second-person)
hałeeh (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
dahałeeh (imperfective plural third-person)
hojiłeeh (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dahojiłeeh (fourth-person imperfective plural)
hoséłį́į́ʼ (first-person perfective singular)
hosiidlį́į́ʼ (duoplural first-person perfective)
dahosiidlį́į́ʼ (first-person perfective plural)
hosíníłį́į́ʼ (perfective second-person singular)
hosoołį́į́ʼ (duoplural perfective second-person)
dahosoołį́į́ʼ (perfective plural second-person)
hasłį́į́ʼ (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
dahasłį́į́ʼ (perfective plural third-person)
hojisłį́į́ʼ (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dahojisłį́į́ʼ (fourth-person perfective plural)

ho- (“space, area, things”) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier, causative) + -leeh (imperfective stem of root -LĮ́Į́ʼ, “to become”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-leeh</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-LĮ́Į́ʼ</i>


atsʼos bee alzhishí

atsʼos (“feather”) + bee (“by means of it”) + alzhish (“he dances”) + -í (nominalizer)

atsʼos bee alzhishí baa naʼaldeeh

atsʼos yee alzhishí


atsʼos

sitsʼos (first-person singular)
nihitsʼos (duoplural first-person)
danihitsʼos (first-person plural)
nitsʼos (second-person singular)
nihitsʼos (duoplural second-person)
danihitsʼos (plural second-person)
bitsʼos (third-person)
yitsʼos (fourth-person)
hatsʼos (fourth-person)
atsʼos (indefinite)


hashkeeh

hoshishkeeh (first-person imperfective singular)
hoshiikeeh (duoplural first-person imperfective)
dahoshiikeeh (first-person imperfective plural)
hoshíkeeh (imperfective second-person singular)
hoshohkeeh (duoplural imperfective second-person)
dahoshohkeeh (imperfective plural second-person)
hashkeeh (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
dahashkeeh (imperfective plural third-person)
hojishkeeh (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dahojishkeeh (fourth-person imperfective plural)
hashishkeeh (first-person imperfective singular)
hashiikeeh (duoplural first-person imperfective)
dahashiikeeh (first-person imperfective plural)
hashíkeeh (imperfective second-person singular)
hashohkeeh (duoplural imperfective second-person)
dahashohkeeh (imperfective plural second-person)
hashkeeh (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
dahashkeeh (imperfective plural third-person)
hojishkeeh (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dahojishkeeh (fourth-person imperfective plural)
hoshííshkeed (first-person perfective singular)
hoshiikeed (duoplural first-person perfective)
dahoshiikeed (first-person perfective plural)
hoshííníkeed (perfective second-person singular)
hoshoohkeed (duoplural perfective second-person)
dahoshoohkeed (perfective plural second-person)
hóóshkeed (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
dahóóshkeed (perfective plural third-person)
hojííshkeed (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dahojííshkeed (fourth-person perfective plural)

ho- (“space, area, things”) + -sh- (“angry”) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -keeh (imperfective stem of root -KEED, “to scold”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-keeh</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-KEED</i>

Nichʼa hodooshkeeł.


hoozdo

ho- (“space, area, things”) + -z- (si-perfective 3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -do (neuter perfective stem of root -DOII, “to be hot”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-do</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-DOII</i>


tʼáá ákótʼée ndi

head

tʼáá ákótʼée ndi

tʼáá ákótʼée ndi


hoozkʼaz

ho- (“space, area, things”) + -si- (modal) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -kʼaz (neuter perfective stem of root -KʼAAZ, “to be cold”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-kʼaz</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-KʼAAZ</i>


honiłné

honishné (first-person imperfective singular)
honiilné (duoplural first-person imperfective)
dahoniilné (first-person imperfective plural)
honíłné (imperfective second-person singular)
honołné (duoplural imperfective second-person)
dahonołné (imperfective plural second-person)
honiłné (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
dahoniłné (imperfective plural third-person)
hozhniłné (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dahozhniłné (fourth-person imperfective plural)
honéłná (first-person perfective singular)
honeelná (duoplural first-person perfective)
dahoneelná (first-person perfective plural)
honíníłná (perfective second-person singular)
honoołná (duoplural perfective second-person)
dahonoołná (perfective plural second-person)
honeesná (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
dahoneesná (perfective plural third-person)
hozhneesná (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dahozhneesná (fourth-person perfective plural)

ho- (“space, area, things”) + -ni- (thematic) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier) + -né (conclusive imperfective stem of root -NÁ, “to win”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-né</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-NÁ</i>

Baa honéłná.

I won over him, I beat him, he lost to me.


hiiłchʼįįh

hiiłchʼįįh (imperfective singular third-person)
hííłchʼįʼ (perfective singular third-person)
hidoołchʼįįł (future singular third-person)

hi- (thematic) + -yi- (“night passes”) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier) + chʼįįh (imperfective stem of root -CHʼĮʼ, “to become evening”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">chʼįįh</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-CHʼĮʼ</i>

evening is falling, twilight is falling, it is becoming late afternoon


hanidááh

haniidááh (duoplural first-person imperfective)
hadaniidááh (first-person imperfective plural)
hanohdááh (duoplural imperfective second-person)
hadanohdááh (imperfective plural second-person)
hanidááh (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
hadanidááh (imperfective plural third-person)
hazhnidááh (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
hadazhnidááh (fourth-person imperfective plural)
haniidaaʼ (duoplural first-person perfective)
hadaniidaaʼ (first-person perfective plural)
hanoohdaaʼ (duoplural perfective second-person)
hadanoohdaaʼ (perfective plural second-person)
hanoodaaʼ (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
hadaneesdaaʼ (perfective plural third-person)
hazhnoodaaʼ (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
hadazhneesdaaʼ (fourth-person perfective plural)

ha- (“up out”) + -ni- (thematic) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -d- (classifier) + -dááh (imperfective stem of root -DAAʼ, “to dance”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-dááh</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-DAAʼ</i>

they are starting to celebrate noisily, boisterously


hiná

hinishná (first-person imperfective singular)
hiniiʼná (duoplural first-person imperfective)
dahiniiʼná (first-person imperfective plural)
hiníná (imperfective second-person singular)
hinohná (duoplural imperfective second-person)
dahinohná (imperfective plural second-person)
hiná (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
dahaná (imperfective plural third-person)
jiiná (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dajiiná (fourth-person imperfective plural)

hi- (thematic) + -∅- (ni-modal 3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -ná (neuter imperfective stem of root -NAʼ, “to live”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ná</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-NAʼ</i>


haisháásh

haasháásh (first-person imperfective singular)
haiilzháásh (duoplural first-person imperfective)
hadeiilzháásh (first-person imperfective plural)
hanisháásh (imperfective second-person singular)
haahsháásh (duoplural imperfective second-person)
hadaahsháásh (imperfective plural second-person)
haisháásh (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
hadeisháásh (imperfective plural third-person)
hajisháásh (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
hadajisháásh (fourth-person imperfective plural)
hááshaazh (first-person perfective singular)
haiilzhaazh (duoplural first-person perfective)
hadashiilzhaazh (first-person perfective plural)
háíníshaazh (perfective second-person singular)
haooshaazh (duoplural perfective second-person)
hadashooshaazh (perfective plural second-person)
hayííshaazh (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
hadeishaazh (perfective plural third-person)
hajííshaazh (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
hadajishaazh (fourth-person perfective plural)

ha- (“up out”) + -y- (3rd person object prefix) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier) + -zháásh (imperfective stem of root -ZHAAH, “to erode”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-zháásh</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ZHAAH</i>

he/she is wearing part of it away, wearing it away in a spot


ííłdįįh

áshdįįh (first-person imperfective singular)
íildįįh (duoplural first-person imperfective)
ádeiildįįh (first-person imperfective plural)
áníłdįįh (imperfective second-person singular)
áłdįįh (duoplural imperfective second-person)
ádaałdįįh (imperfective plural second-person)
ííłdįįh (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
ádeiłdįįh (imperfective plural third-person)
ájíłdįįh (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
ádajiłdįįh (fourth-person imperfective plural)
áséłdįįd (first-person perfective singular)
ásiildįįd (duoplural first-person perfective)
ádasiildįįd (first-person perfective plural)
ásíníłdįįd (perfective second-person singular)
ásoołdįįd (duoplural perfective second-person)
ádasoołdįįd (perfective plural second-person)
íisdįįd (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
ádeisdįįd (perfective plural third-person)
ájísdįįd (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
ádajisdįįd (fourth-person perfective plural)
ádeeshdįįł (first-person future singular)
ádiildįįł (duoplural first-person future)
ádadiildįįł (first-person future plural)
ádííłdįįł (future second-person singular)
ádoołdįįł (duoplural future second-person)
ádadoołdįįł (future plural second-person)
íidoołdįįł (duoplural future singular third-person)
ádeidoołdįįł (future plural third-person)
ázhdoołdįįł (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
ádazhdoołdįįł (fourth-person future plural)
óoshdįįh (first-person singular)
óoldįįh (duoplural first-person)
ádaooldįįh (first-person plural)
óółdįįh (second-person singular)
óołdįįh (duoplural second-person)
ádaoołdįįh (plural second-person)
áyółdįįh (duoplural singular third-person)
ádayółdįįh (plural third-person)
ájółdįįh (duoplural fourth-person singular)
ádajółdįįh (fourth-person plural)

ʼá- (thematic) + -y- (3rd person object prefix) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier, causative) + -dįįh (imperfective stem of root -DĮĮD, “to disappear”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-dįįh</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-DĮĮD</i>

he/she/it is destroying it, getting rid of it, wiping it out, eliminating it, eradicating it


Yiską́ Damóo

/jɪ̀skʰɑ̃́ tɑ̀môː/

From yiską́ (“tomorrow”) + Spanish domingo (“Sunday”).


Damóo yázhí

/tɑ̀môː jɑ́ʒɪ́/

From Spanish domingo (“Sunday”) + Navajo yázhí (“little”).


haleeh

hashłeeh (first-person imperfective singular)
hwiidleeh (duoplural first-person imperfective)
dahwiidleeh (first-person imperfective plural)
hóleeh (imperfective second-person singular)
hohłeeh (duoplural imperfective second-person)
dahohłeeh (imperfective plural second-person)
haleeh (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
dahaleeh (imperfective plural third-person)
hojileeh (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dahojileeh (fourth-person imperfective plural)
hosélį́į́ʼ (first-person perfective singular)
hosiidlį́į́ʼ (duoplural first-person perfective)
dahosiidlį́į́ʼ (first-person perfective plural)
hosínílį́į́ʼ (perfective second-person singular)
hosoolį́į́ʼ (duoplural perfective second-person)
dahosoolį́į́ʼ (perfective plural second-person)
hazlį́į́ʼ (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
dahazlį́į́ʼ (perfective plural third-person)
hojizlį́į́ʼ (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dahojizlį́į́ʼ (fourth-person perfective plural)

ho- (“space, area, things”) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -leeh (imperfective stem of root -LĮ́Į́ʼ, “to become”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-leeh</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-LĮ́Į́ʼ</i>

he/she/it is being born, coming into being, sprouting, forming


íhoołʼaah

íhooshʼaah (first-person imperfective singular)
íhwiilʼaah (duoplural first-person imperfective)
ídahwiilʼaah (first-person imperfective plural)
íhoołʼaah (imperfective second-person singular)
íhoołʼaah (duoplural imperfective second-person)
ídahoołʼaah (imperfective plural second-person)
íhoołʼaah (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
ídahoołʼaah (imperfective plural third-person)
íhojiiłʼaah (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
ídahojiiłʼaah (fourth-person imperfective plural)
íhoołʼą́ą́ʼ (first-person perfective singular)
íhwiilʼą́ą́ʼ (duoplural first-person perfective)
ídahwiilʼą́ą́ʼ (first-person perfective plural)
íhwiiniłʼą́ą́ʼ (perfective second-person singular)
íhoołʼą́ą́ʼ (duoplural perfective second-person)
ídahoołʼą́ą́ʼ (perfective plural second-person)
íhoołʼą́ą́ʼ (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
ídahoołʼą́ą́ʼ (perfective plural third-person)
íhojiiłʼą́ą́ʼ (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
ídahojiiłʼą́ą́ʼ (fourth-person perfective plural)

ʼa- (unspecified person object prefix) + -í- (“against, reaching”) + -ho- (“space, area, things”) + -yi- (transitional) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier) + -ʼaah (transitional imperfective stem of root -ʼĄ́Ą́ʼ, “to learn”)

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ʼaah</i>

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ʼĄ́Ą́ʼ</i>

Bee íhooshʼaah.

to learn, to train, to receive education

second-person singular imperfective of íhoołʼaah

second-person duoplural imperfective of íhoołʼaah


iizą́

iisą́ (first-person imperfective singular)
ayiidzą́ (duoplural first-person imperfective)
daʼayiidzą́ (first-person imperfective plural)
iyízą́ (imperfective second-person singular)
ayohsą́ (duoplural imperfective second-person)
daʼayohsą́ (imperfective plural second-person)
iizą́ (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
daʼiizą́ (imperfective plural third-person)
ajiizą́ (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
daʼjiizą́ (fourth-person imperfective plural)
ayíízą́ą́ʼ (first-person perfective singular)
ayiidzą́ą́ʼ (duoplural first-person perfective)
daʼayiidzą́ą́ʼ (first-person perfective plural)
ayíínízą́ą́ʼ (perfective second-person singular)
ayoozą́ą́ʼ (duoplural perfective second-person)
daʼayoozą́ą́ʼ (perfective plural second-person)
ayíízą́ą́ʼ (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
daʼayíízą́ą́ʼ (perfective plural third-person)
ajiyíízą́ą́ʼ (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
daʼjiyíízą́ą́ʼ (fourth-person perfective plural)

ʼa- (unspecified person object prefix) + -hi- (seriative) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -zą́ (durative imperfective stem of root -ZĄ́Ą́ʼ, “beat oneʼs wife”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-zą́</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ZĄ́Ą́ʼ</i>


iʼniłdih

iʼnishdih (first-person imperfective singular)
iʼniildih (duoplural first-person imperfective)
idaʼniildih (first-person imperfective plural)
iʼníłdih (imperfective second-person singular)
iʼnołdih (duoplural imperfective second-person)
idaʼnołdih (imperfective plural second-person)
iʼniłdih (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
idaʼniłdih (imperfective plural third-person)
izhʼniłdih (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
idazhʼniłdih (fourth-person imperfective plural)

ʼa- (“away”) + -ʼa- (unspecified person object prefix) + -ni- (thematic) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier) + -dih (neuter repetitive stem of root -DIH, “to jolt”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-dih</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-DIH</i>


Amá Bééhániih

amá (“mother”) + bééhániih (“it is remembered”)

Amá Bééhániihígíí binahjįʼ ahéheeʼ dadiiʼní!

In honor of Mother’s Day, we say thanks.


binahjįʼ

shinahjįʼ (first-person singular)
nihinahjįʼ (duoplural first-person)
ninahjįʼ (second-person singular)
nihinahjįʼ (duoplural second-person)
binahjįʼ (third-person)
yinahjįʼ (fourth-person)
hanahjįʼ (fourth-person)
anahjįʼ (fourth-person singular)
ánahjįʼ (reflexive singular)


yáadilá óolyé

oh dear, oh my goodness, oh my god (expresses disgust or disapproval)


kʼédǫǫh

kʼéshdǫǫh (first-person imperfective singular)
kʼíidǫǫh (duoplural first-person imperfective)
kʼídeiidǫǫh (first-person imperfective plural)
kʼínídǫǫh (imperfective second-person singular)
kʼéhdǫǫh (duoplural imperfective second-person)
kʼídaahdǫǫh (imperfective plural second-person)
kʼédǫǫh (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
kʼídadǫǫh (imperfective plural third-person)
kʼíjídǫǫh (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
kʼídajidǫǫh (fourth-person imperfective plural)
kʼísédǫǫd (first-person perfective singular)
kʼísiidǫǫd (duoplural first-person perfective)
kʼídasiidǫǫd (first-person perfective plural)
kʼísínídǫǫd (perfective second-person singular)
kʼísoodǫǫd (duoplural perfective second-person)
kʼídasoodǫǫd (perfective plural second-person)
kʼézdǫǫd (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
kʼídaazdǫǫd (perfective plural third-person)
kʼíjízdǫǫd (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
kʼídajizdǫǫd (fourth-person perfective plural)

kʼí- (“straight”) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -dǫǫh (imperfective stem of root -DǪǪD, “to straighten up”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-dǫǫh</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-DǪǪD</i>

he/she is standing up, moving to a standing position

he/she is straightening up his/her posture


tó háálį́įgo bá hazʼą́

head

tó háálį́įgo bá hazʼą́

tó háálį́įgo bá hazʼą́

tó (“water”) + háálį́ (“it flows up and out”) + -go (adverbial suffix) + bá (“for it”) + hazʼą́ (“there is space”)


háálį́

ha- (“up out”) + -◌́◌́- (yi-perfective 3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -lį́ (neuter perfective stem of root -LĮ́, “to flow”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-lį́</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-LĮ́</i>

Dił shąąh háálį́.


hazʼą́

ho- (“space, area, things”) + -si- (modal) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -ʼą́ (neuter perfective stem of root -ʼĄ́, “to handle SRO”).

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ʼą́</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ʼĄ́</i>

Shá hazʼą́.

Doo ná hazʼą́ą da.

Bee shá hazʼą́.

It is permissible for me to do it, I'm allowed to do it.

Doo bee ná hazʼą́ą da.

Bee shąąh dah hazʼą́.

can do, can be, could, been able, being able


tó háálínígi

tó (“water”) + háálį́ (“it flows up and out”) + -í (nominalizer) + -gi (“at”)


sóól dichʼíizhii

maple (Acer glabrum, the Rocky Mountain maple and others)


łíícháázh

łíshcháázh (first-person imperfective singular)
łíicháázh (duoplural first-person imperfective)
łídeiicháázh (first-person imperfective plural)
łínícháázh (imperfective second-person singular)
łóhcháázh (duoplural imperfective second-person)
łídaahcháázh (imperfective plural second-person)
łíícháázh (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
łídeicháázh (imperfective plural third-person)
łíjícháázh (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
łídajicháázh (fourth-person imperfective plural)
łíshécháázh (first-person perfective singular)
łíshiicháázh (duoplural first-person perfective)
łídashiicháázh (first-person perfective plural)
łíshínícháázh (perfective second-person singular)
łíshoocháázh (duoplural perfective second-person)
łídashoocháázh (perfective plural second-person)
łííshcháázh (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
łídeishcháázh (perfective plural third-person)
łíjíshcháázh (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
łídajishcháázh (fourth-person perfective plural)

łí- (“extort”) + -y- (3rd person object prefix) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -cháázh (imperfective stem of root -CHÁÁZH, “to defraud”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-cháázh</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-CHÁÁZH</i>

he/she is cheating him/her, defrauding him/her, exploiting him/her


chʼilátah hózhóón

chʼil (“plant”) + álátah (“tips”) + hózhóón (“it is beautiful”)

Chʼilátah hózhóón nizhóní dahałchin


náátsʼǫ́ʼoołdísii

/nɑ́ːt͡sʼṍʔòːɬtɪ́sìː/

Níléíjí náátsʼǫ́ʼoołdísii yigááł.

There’s a dust devil traveling over there.


níléíjí

/nɪ́lɛ́ɪ́t͡ʃɪ́/


Yéʼiitsoh

/jɛ́ʔìːt͡sʰox/

From the common noun yéʼiitsoh (“giant”).


jóhonaaʼéí daaztsą́

jóhonaaʼéí (“sun”) + daaztsą́ (“he died”)

Jóhonaaʼéí daatsaah

Jóhonaaʼéí dadootsaał


béésh hataałí

béésh (“metal”) + hataał (“it sings”) + -í (nominalizer)


béésh náʼiiláhí

béésh (“metal”) + náʼiiláhí (“the one that collects things”)


shilááh

shilááh (first-person singular)
nihilááh (duoplural first-person)
nilááh (second-person singular)
nihilááh (duoplural second-person)
bilááh (third-person)
yilááh (fourth-person)
halááh (fourth-person)
alááh (fourth-person singular)
álááh (reflexive singular)

Shilááh áníłnééz.
He’s taller than me.


Dah Naatʼaʼí Sǫʼ bił Sinil

From dah naatʼaʼí (“flag”) + sǫʼ (“star”) + bił (“with it”) + sinil (“they lie somewhere”).

The Star-Spangled Banner
The Star-Spangled Banner


dilzhę́ʼii

Cyanocitta stelleri: the Steller's jay, a type of jaybird


tsʼání

Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus: the pinyon jay, a type of jaybird


tsʼánídílzhiʼí

com

tsʼání (“pinyon jay”) + Dilzhíʼí (“Yavapai”)

Aphelocoma californica: the western scrub jay, a type of jaybird


head

Siláołtsooí Bigáál Dah Nídahidiitʼįʼígíí Béédahaniih

siláołtsooí (“soldier”) + bigáál (“his life”) + dah (“up”) + ńdahidiitʼįʼ (“they ended”) + -ígíí (nominalizer) + béédahaniih (“they are remembered”)

Siláołtsooí Bigáál Dah Ńdahidiitʼįʼígíí Béédahaniih

Siláołtsooí Bee Iinaʼ Nidahaztʼįʼígíí Béédahaniih


tsétah tłʼízí

tsé (“rocks”) + -tah (“among”) + tłʼízí (“goat”)


Naaltsoos Sání

Díí jį́ Naaltsoos Sání hadilyaa hą́ądą́ą́ʼ bééhániih

Today we commemorate the signing of the Navajo Treaty


bééhániih

bééhániih (imperfective singular third-person)
bééhóóniiʼ (perfective singular third-person)
bééhodoonih (future singular third-person)
béénáhánih (iterative singular third-person)
bééhónííh (optative singular third-person)

b- (thematic) + -é- (“about”) + -ná- (“back”, reversionary) + -ho- (“space, area, things”) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -niih (imperfective stem of root -NIIʼ, “to know about”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-niih</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-NIIʼ</i>


jóhonaaʼéí yináádáłígíí

head

jóhonaaʼéí yináádáłígíí

jóhonaaʼéí yináádáłígíí

jóhonaaʼéí (“sun”) + yináádááł (“he is walking around it”) + -ígíí (nominalizer)

Jóhonaaʼéí yináádáłígíí Biinis wolyéhígíí éí jóhonaaʼéí yichʼą́ą́h ííyáago yichʼą́ą́h siʼą́ą́ ńtʼééʼ

The planet called Venus crossed the sun and blocked it. (transit of Venus)


Biinis

Jóhonaaʼéí yináádáłígíí Biinis wolyéhígíí éí jóhonaaʼéí yichʼą́ą́h ííyáago yichʼą́ą́h siʼą́ą́ ńtʼééʼ.


Jíbitoo

/d͡ʒɪ́pɪ̀tòː/

From English Jupiter, from Latin Iuppiter.


Séetin

From English Saturn, from Latin Saturnus.


Yoowéinis

/jòːwɛ́ɪ̀nɪ̀s/

From English Uranus, from Latin Ūranus, from Ancient Greek Οὐρανός (Ouranós).


Néʼtoon

From English Neptune, from Latin Neptūnus.


Tłóotoo

/t͡ɬʰôːtʰòː/

From English Pluto, from Ancient Greek Πλούτων (Ploútōn).


Haʼooméya

/hɑ̀ʔòːmɛ́jɑ̀/

From English Haumea, from Hawaiian Haumea (literally “red ruler”).


Maakiimaakii

/mɑ̀ːkìːmɑ̀ːkìː/

From English Makemake, from Rapa Nui Makemake.


kéyah yádiłhił biiʼ hólónígíí

kéyah yádiłhił biiʼ hólónígíí (plural kéyah yádiłhił biiʼ dahólónígíí)

kéyah yádiłhił biiʼ dahólónígíí (plural)

kéyah (“land”) + yádiłhił (“heavens”) + biiʼ (“in it”) + hólǫ́ (“it exists”) + -ígíí (nominalizer)


yádiłhił

Compound of yá (“sky”) + diłhił (“it is jet black”)


tsé dizéígíí

tsé (“stone”) + dizéí (“to be crumbly”) + -ígíí (nominalizer)


ooljééʼ daaztsą́

Ooljééʼ daatsaah

Ooljééʼ dadootsaał

It will be a lunar eclipse (future tense)


ń

The letter n with a tone mark. It is exactly equivalent to the high-tone syllable [ní], and may be pronounced either as a high-tone syllabic [n] or as [ní]; it may be written either as [ń] or as [ní]. It is probably more common to see the spelling with [ní] because it is easier to enter, but more often than not the pronunciation will be the high-tone syllabic [n]. It is a separate morpheme in Navajo but it does not have a separate place in the Navajo alphabet. Syllabic ń may appear before these consonants: d, j, ʼd, ʼdz, ʼj, l, t, tʼ, tł, tłʼ, ts, tsx.


jiłtʼoʼí

/t͡ʃɪ̀ɬtʼòʔɪ́/


nidaaz

nisdaaz (first-person imperfective singular)
niidaaz (duoplural first-person imperfective)
daniidaaz (first-person imperfective plural)
nídaaz (imperfective second-person singular)
nohdaaz (duoplural imperfective second-person)
danohdaaz (imperfective plural second-person)
nidaaz (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
danidaaz (imperfective plural third-person)
jídaaz (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dajídaaz (fourth-person imperfective plural)

ni- (modal) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier)
+ -daaz (neuter absolute stem of root -DÁÁZ, “to be heavy”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-daaz</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-DÁÁZ</i>


azází

shizází (first-person singular)
nihizází (duoplural first-person)
danihizází (first-person plural)
nizází (second-person singular)
nihizází (duoplural second-person)
danihizází (plural second-person)
bizází (third-person)
yizází (fourth-person)
hazází (fourth-person)
azází (indefinite)


anaaʼí

From anaaʼ (“enmity”) + -í (nominalizer).


anaasází

From anaaʼí (“enemy”) + bizází (“their ancestors”).


tsédaashjééʼ

grinding stone, millstone (lower part, the bedstone), metate, corn grinding stones


kitsʼiilí

kitsʼiil (“potsherd”) + -í (nominalizer)

archeological cliff dwellings, Anasazi ruins


heechééh

hinishchééh (first-person imperfective singular)
hiniichééh (duoplural first-person imperfective)
dahiniichééh (first-person imperfective plural)
hiníchééh (imperfective second-person singular)
hinohchééh (duoplural imperfective second-person)
dahinohchééh (imperfective plural second-person)
heechééh (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
daheechééh (imperfective plural third-person)
jiyeechééh (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dajiyeechééh (fourth-person imperfective plural)
hinishchaʼ (first-person perfective singular)
hiniichaʼ (duoplural first-person perfective)
dahiniichaʼ (first-person perfective plural)
hííníchaʼ (perfective second-person singular)
hinoohchaʼ (duoplural perfective second-person)
dahinoohchaʼ (perfective plural second-person)
heechaʼ (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
daheechaʼ (perfective plural third-person)
jiyeechaʼ (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dajiyeechaʼ (fourth-person perfective plural)
heeshchah (first-person progressive singular)
hiichah (duoplural first-person progressive)
dahííníichééh (first-person plural progressive)
hííchah (progressive second-person singular)
hoohchah (duoplural progressive second-person)
dahíínóhchééh (plural progressive second-person)
hoochah (duoplural progressive singular third-person)
dahéechééh (plural progressive third-person)
jiyoochah (duoplural fourth-person progressive singular)
dajiyéechééh (fourth-person plural progressive)

hi- (seriative) + -ee- (ni-modal 3rd person subject prefix) + -d- (classifier) + -chééh (imperfective stem of root -CHAʼ, “to hop”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-chééh</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-CHAʼ</i>

he/she goes, arrives hopping or hobbling


adlą́

ashdlą́ (first-person imperfective singular)
iidlą́ (duoplural first-person imperfective)
daʼiidlą́ (first-person imperfective plural)
ídlą́ (imperfective second-person singular)
ohdlą́ (duoplural imperfective second-person)
daʼohdlą́ (imperfective plural second-person)
adlą́ (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
daʼadlą́ (imperfective plural third-person)
ajidlą́ (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
daʼjidlą́ (fourth-person imperfective plural)
eeshdlą́ą́ʼ (first-person perfective singular)
iidlą́ą́ʼ (duoplural first-person perfective)
daʼiidlą́ą́ʼ (first-person perfective plural)
íínídlą́ą́ʼ (perfective second-person singular)
oohdlą́ą́ʼ (duoplural perfective second-person)
daʼoohdlą́ą́ʼ (perfective plural second-person)
oodlą́ą́ʼ (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
daʼoodlą́ą́ʼ (perfective plural third-person)
ajoodlą́ą́ʼ (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
daʼjoodlą́ą́ʼ (fourth-person perfective plural)
adeeshdlį́į́ł (first-person future singular)
adiidlį́į́ł (duoplural first-person future)
daʼdiidlį́į́ł (first-person future plural)
adíídlį́į́ł (future second-person singular)
adoohdlį́į́ł (duoplural future second-person)
daʼdoohdlį́į́ł (future plural second-person)
adoodlį́į́ł (duoplural future singular third-person)
daʼdoodlį́į́ł (future plural third-person)
azhdoodlį́į́ł (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
dazhʼdoodlį́į́ł (fourth-person future plural)

ʼa- (unspecified person object prefix) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -d- (classifier) + -dlą́ (imperfective stem of root -DLĄ́Ą́ʼ, “to drink”)

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-dlą́</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-DLĄ́Ą́ʼ</i>

he/she/it drinks something, gets a drink, gets drunk, takes a drink


ayą́

ashą́ (first-person imperfective singular)
iidą́ (duoplural first-person imperfective)
daʼiidą́ (first-person imperfective plural)
íyą́ (imperfective second-person singular)
ohsą́ (duoplural imperfective second-person)
daʼohsą́ (imperfective plural second-person)
ayą́ (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
daʼayą́ (imperfective plural third-person)
ajiyą́ (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
daʼjiyą́ (fourth-person imperfective plural)
ííyą́ą́ʼ (first-person perfective singular)
iidą́ą́ʼ (duoplural first-person perfective)
daʼiidą́ą́ʼ (first-person perfective plural)
ííníyą́ą́ʼ (perfective second-person singular)
ooyą́ą́ʼ (duoplural perfective second-person)
daʼooyą́ą́ʼ (perfective plural second-person)
ííyą́ą́ʼ (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
daʼííyą́ą́ʼ (perfective plural third-person)
ajííyą́ą́ʼ (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
daʼjííyą́ą́ʼ (fourth-person perfective plural)
adeeshį́į́ł (first-person future singular)
adiidį́į́ł (duoplural first-person future)
daʼdiidį́į́ł (first-person future plural)
adííyį́į́ł (future second-person singular)
adoohsį́į́ł (duoplural future second-person)
daʼdoohsį́į́ł (future plural second-person)
adooyį́į́ł (duoplural future singular third-person)
daʼdooyį́į́ł (future plural third-person)
azhdooyį́į́ł (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
dazhʼdooyį́į́ł (fourth-person future plural)

ʼa- (unspecified person object prefix) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -yą́ (durative imperfective stem of root -YĄ́Ą́ʼ, “to eat”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-yą́</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-YĄ́Ą́ʼ</i>

Shí dóó Jáan baʼáłchíní éí Mary bighandi daʼiidą́

John’s children and I are eating at Mary’s house.


adiłhash

adishhash (first-person imperfective singular)
adiilghash (duoplural first-person imperfective)
daʼdiilghash (first-person imperfective plural)
adíłhash (imperfective second-person singular)
adołhash (duoplural imperfective second-person)
daʼdołhash (imperfective plural second-person)
adiłhash (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
daʼdiłhash (imperfective plural third-person)
azhdiłhash (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dazhʼdiłhash (fourth-person imperfective plural)

ʼa- (unspecified person object prefix) + -di- (“oral”) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier) + -ghash (imperfective stem of root -GHAZH, “to bite”)

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ghash</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-GHAZH</i>

(repetitive) it bites, it is a biter; it is given to biting


jidizhah

fourth-person imperfective of dizhah (“to spit” )


nákwi

náshkwi (first-person imperfective singular)
néiikwi (duoplural first-person imperfective)
nídeiikwi (first-person imperfective plural)
náníkwi (imperfective second-person singular)
náhkwi (duoplural imperfective second-person)
nídaahkwi (imperfective plural second-person)
nákwi (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
nídaakwi (imperfective plural third-person)
níjíkwi (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
nídajikwi (fourth-person imperfective plural)
nísékwi (first-person perfective singular)
nísiikwi (duoplural first-person perfective)
nídasiikwi (first-person perfective plural)
nísíníkwi (perfective second-person singular)
nísookwi (duoplural perfective second-person)
nídasookwi (perfective plural second-person)
názkwi (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
nídaazkwi (perfective plural third-person)
níjízkwi (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
nídajizkwi (fourth-person perfective plural)

ná- (“back”, reversionary) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -kwi (conclusive imperfective stem of root -KWI, “to vomit”)

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-kwi</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-KWI</i>


deeyol

third-person singular perfective of diyóół: the wind began to blow


yidloh

yishdloh (first-person progressive singular)
yiidloh (duoplural first-person progressive)
deíníidlóóh (first-person plural progressive)
yídloh (progressive second-person singular)
wohdloh (duoplural progressive second-person)
deínóhdlóóh (plural progressive second-person)
yidloh (duoplural progressive singular third-person)
deídlóóh (plural progressive third-person)
joodloh (duoplural fourth-person progressive singular)
dajídlóóh (fourth-person plural progressive)

yi- (progressive) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -d- (classifier) + -dloh (progressive stem of root -DLOʼ, “to laugh”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-dloh</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-DLOʼ</i>

áko nizhónígo yídloh doo


nílʼį́

Shá nílʼį́.

I display it, I have it checked (lit. it is looked at for me).


hashniih

first-person singular imperfective of haniih: I know it, I know all about it


neeshtʼááʼ

first-person singular perfective of nitʼááh: think (that such and such was the case, only to find out otherwise)


Azhéʼé Bééhániih

azhéʼé (“father”) + bééhániih (“it is remembered”)

Azhéʼé Bééhániihígíí binahjįʼ ahéheeʼ dadiiʼní!

In honor of Father’s Day, we say thanks.


diichiłí

From dichił (“it glitters”, from -CHIŁ, “to glitter”) + -í (nominalizer).


iiniłchééh

anishchééh (first-person imperfective singular)
aniilchééh (duoplural first-person imperfective)
adaniilchééh (first-person imperfective plural)
aníłchééh (imperfective second-person singular)
anołchééh (duoplural imperfective second-person)
adanołchééh (imperfective plural second-person)
iiniłchééh (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
adeiniłchééh (imperfective plural third-person)
azhniłchééh (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
adazhniłchééh (fourth-person imperfective plural)
anííłchą́ą́ʼ (first-person perfective singular)
aniilchą́ą́ʼ (duoplural first-person perfective)
adaniilchą́ą́ʼ (first-person perfective plural)
anííníłchą́ą́ʼ (perfective second-person singular)
anoołchą́ą́ʼ (duoplural perfective second-person)
adanoołchą́ą́ʼ (perfective plural second-person)
iinííłchą́ą́ʼ (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
adeineeshchą́ą́ʼ (perfective plural third-person)
azhnííłchą́ą́ʼ (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
adazhneeshchą́ą́ʼ (fourth-person perfective plural)

ʼa- (“away”) + -y- (3rd person object prefix) + -ni- (thematic) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier, causative) + -chééh (imperfective stem of root -CHĄ́Ą́ʼ, “to flee”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-CHĄ́Ą́ʼ</i>


jóhonaaʼéí tʼą́ą́ʼ ńdeesdzą́

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jóhonaaʼéí tʼą́ą́ʼ ńdeesdzą́

jóhonaaʼéí tʼą́ą́ʼ ńdeesdzą́

jóhonaaʼéí (“sun”) + tʼą́ą́ʼ (“back”) + ńdeesdzą́ (“it is traveling”)

Kʼad jóhonaaʼéí tʼą́ą́ʼ ńdeesdzą́


shį́įgo shá ninádááh

shį́įgo (“during summer”) + shá (“sun”) + ninádááh (“it travels back”)

Shį́įgo shá ninádááhgo nízaad níʼdítʼááh

During the summer solstice the day is long.


nízaad

ní- (comparative) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -zaad (neuter comparative stem of root -ZAAD, “to be far”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-zaad</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ZAAD</i>

it is far, distant (in space or in time)


łíidilchí

łídíshchí (first-person imperfective singular)
łídiilchí (duoplural first-person imperfective)
łídadiilchí (first-person imperfective plural)
łídílchí (imperfective second-person singular)
łídółchí (duoplural imperfective second-person)
łídadołchí (imperfective plural second-person)
łíidilchí (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
łídeidilchí (imperfective plural third-person)
łízhdílchí (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
łídazhdilchí (fourth-person imperfective plural)
łídéshchį́ (first-person perfective singular)
łídeelchį́ (duoplural first-person perfective)
łídadeelchį́ (first-person perfective plural)
łídínílchį́ (perfective second-person singular)
łídishoołchį́ (duoplural perfective second-person)
łídadishoołchį́ (perfective plural second-person)
łíideeshchį́ (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
łídeideeshchį́ (perfective plural third-person)
łízhdeeshchį́ (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
łídazhdeeshchį́ (fourth-person perfective plural)

łí- (“extort”) + -y- (3rd person object prefix) + -di- (thematic) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -l- (classifier) + -chí (conclusive imperfective stem of root -CHĮ́, “to come into being”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-chí</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-CHĮ́</i>

he/she is flattering him/her up as a prelude to a request or favor


neiłdo

naashdo (first-person imperfective singular)
neiildo (duoplural first-person imperfective)
nideiildo (first-person imperfective plural)
naniłdo (imperfective second-person singular)
naałdo (duoplural imperfective second-person)
nidaałdo (imperfective plural second-person)
neiłdo (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
nideiłdo (imperfective plural third-person)
nijiłdo (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
nidajiłdo (fourth-person imperfective plural)
niséłdo (first-person perfective singular)
nisiildo (duoplural first-person perfective)
nidasiildo (first-person perfective plural)
nisíníłdo (perfective second-person singular)
nisoołdo (duoplural perfective second-person)
nidasoołdo (perfective plural second-person)
neisdo (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
nideisdo (perfective plural third-person)
nijisdo (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
nidajisdo (fourth-person perfective plural)
ndeeshdoh (first-person future singular)
ndiildoh (duoplural first-person future)
ndadiildoh (first-person future plural)
ndííłdoh (future second-person singular)
ndoołdoh (duoplural future second-person)
ndadoołdoh (future plural second-person)
neidoołdoh (duoplural future singular third-person)
ndeidoołdoh (future plural third-person)
nizhdoołdoh (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
ndazhdoołdoh (fourth-person future plural)

na- (atelic, circuital) + -y- (3rd person object prefix) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier, causative) + -do (continuative imperfective stem of root -DO, “gas floats”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-do</i>

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-DO</i>


neichʼid

naashchʼid (first-person imperfective singular)
neiichʼid (duoplural first-person imperfective)
nideiichʼid (first-person imperfective plural)
nanichʼid (imperfective second-person singular)
naahchʼid (duoplural imperfective second-person)
nidaahchʼid (imperfective plural second-person)
neichʼid (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
nideichʼid (imperfective plural third-person)
nijichʼid (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
nidajichʼid (fourth-person imperfective plural)
nishéchʼid (first-person perfective singular)
nishiichʼid (duoplural first-person perfective)
nidashiichʼid (first-person perfective plural)
nishíníchʼid (perfective second-person singular)
nishoochʼid (duoplural perfective second-person)
nidashoochʼid (perfective plural second-person)
neizhchʼid (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
nideizhchʼid (perfective plural third-person)
nijizhchʼid (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
nidajizhchʼid (fourth-person perfective plural)
ndeeshchʼił (first-person future singular)
ndiichʼił (duoplural first-person future)
ndadiichʼił (first-person future plural)
ndííchʼił (future second-person singular)
ndoohchʼił (duoplural future second-person)
ndadoohchʼił (future plural second-person)
neidoochʼił (duoplural future singular third-person)
ndeidoochʼił (future plural third-person)
nizhdoochʼił (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
ndazhdoochʼił (fourth-person future plural)

na- (atelic, circuital) + -y- (3rd person object prefix) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -chʼid (continuative imperfective stem of root -CHʼID, “to scratch”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-chʼid</i>

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-CHʼID</i>

he/she is directing it, managing it (a business), handling it (a tractor)


nayiiłniih

nahashniih (first-person imperfective singular)
nahiilniih (duoplural first-person imperfective)
nidahiilniih (first-person imperfective plural)
nahíłniih (imperfective second-person singular)
nahołniih (duoplural imperfective second-person)
nidahołniih (imperfective plural second-person)
nayiiłniih (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
nidayiiłniih (imperfective plural third-person)
nijiiłniih (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
nidajiiłniih (fourth-person imperfective plural)
naháłniiʼ (first-person perfective singular)
naheelniiʼ (duoplural first-person perfective)
nidaheelniiʼ (first-person perfective plural)
nahíníłniiʼ (perfective second-person singular)
nahisoołniiʼ (duoplural perfective second-person)
nidahisoołniiʼ (perfective plural second-person)
nayiisniiʼ (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
nidayiisniiʼ (perfective plural third-person)
nijiisniiʼ (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
nidajiisniiʼ (fourth-person perfective plural)
nahideeshnih (first-person future singular)
nahidiilnih (duoplural first-person future)
ndahidiilnih (first-person future plural)
nahidííłnih (future second-person singular)
nahidoołnih (duoplural future second-person)
ndahidoołnih (future plural second-person)
neidiyoołnih (duoplural future singular third-person)
ndeidiyoołnih (future plural third-person)
nizhdiyoołnih (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
ndazhdiyoołnih (fourth-person future plural)

na- (atelic, circuital) + -y- (3rd person object prefix) + -hi- (seriative) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier) + -niih (imperfective stem of root -NIIʼ, “to act with the hand”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-niih</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-NIIʼ</i>

Baa nayiiłniih

Bichʼįʼ nayiiłniih

Baa nahaniih (passive)

he sells it (lit. it is bought from him)

he/she is buying it, selling it, bartering it


náyiilááh

náháshłááh (first-person imperfective singular)
náhiidlááh (duoplural first-person imperfective)
nídahiidlááh (first-person imperfective plural)
náhílááh (imperfective second-person singular)
náhóhłááh (duoplural imperfective second-person)
nídahohłááh (imperfective plural second-person)
náyiilááh (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
nídayiilááh (imperfective plural third-person)
níjiilááh (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
nídajiilááh (fourth-person imperfective plural)
náhálááʼ (first-person perfective singular)
náhaadlááʼ (duoplural first-person perfective)
nídahaadlááʼ (first-person perfective plural)
náhínílááʼ (perfective second-person singular)
náhisoolááʼ (duoplural perfective second-person)
nídahisoolááʼ (perfective plural second-person)
náyiizlááʼ (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
nídayiizlááʼ (perfective plural third-person)
níjiizlááʼ (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
nídajiizlááʼ (fourth-person perfective plural)

ná- (“upward”) + -y- (3rd person object prefix) + -hi- (seriative) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -lááh (imperfective stem of root -LÁÁʼ, “to gather”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-lááh</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-LÁÁʼ</i>

he/she is picking them up, choosing them, gathering them


niłchon

nishchon (first-person imperfective singular)
niilchon (duoplural first-person imperfective)
daniilchon (first-person imperfective plural)
níłchon (imperfective second-person singular)
nołchon (duoplural imperfective second-person)
danołchon (imperfective plural second-person)
niłchon (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
daniłchon (imperfective plural third-person)
jíłchon (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dajíłchon (fourth-person imperfective plural)

ni- (modal) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier) + -chon (imperfective stem of root -CHĄ́Ą́ʼ, “to smell”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-chon</i>


dzidzétsoh díkʼǫ́ǫzhii

From dzidzé (“berry”) + -tsoh (“big”) + díkʼǫ́ǫ́zh (“sour”) + -ii (nominalizing suffix).


Téʼsiz hahoodzo

/tʰɛ́ʔsɪ̀z hɑ̀hòːt͡sò/

From English Texas (from Spanish Texas, from Caddo táyshaʔ (“friend, ally”)) + hahoodzo (“state”).


dóola bił naalgeedígíí

dóola (“bull”) + bił (“with it”) + naalgeed (“it bucks”) + -ígíí (nominalizer)


naaʼahóóhaiłbáhí

naaʼahóóhai (“chicken”) + łibá (“gray”) + -í (nominalizer)

Perdicinae (pheasants, partridges, francolins)


hastiin łą́ átʼínígíí

hastiin (“Mr.”) + łą́ (“much”) + átʼį́ (“he does”) + -ígíí (nominalizer)


ahóóhai

Shortening of naaʼahóóhai (“rodeo”), which referred to the popular chicken-pull, a Native-American contest in horsemanship in which the rider tries at full gallop to snatch up a half-buried chicken.

agricultural show (at a tribal, county, or state fair)


bił ńdaʼalgeedgo náyiiláhígíí

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bił ńdaʼalgeedgo náyiiláhígíí (plural bił ńdaʼalgeedgo ńdayiiláhígíí)

bił (“with him”) + naalgeed (“it bucks”) + da- (“plural marker”) + -go (“adverbial marker”) + náyiizlááʼ (“he gathered them”) + -ígíí (nominalizer)


neichʼąąh

naashchʼąąh (first-person imperfective singular)
neiichʼąąh (duoplural first-person imperfective)
nideiichʼąąh (first-person imperfective plural)
nanichʼąąh (imperfective second-person singular)
naahchʼąąh (duoplural imperfective second-person)
nidaahchʼąąh (imperfective plural second-person)
neichʼąąh (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
nideichʼąąh (imperfective plural third-person)
nijichʼąąh (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
nidajichʼąąh (fourth-person imperfective plural)
nishéchʼąąʼ (first-person perfective singular)
nishiichʼąąʼ (duoplural first-person perfective)
nidashiichʼąąʼ (first-person perfective plural)
nishíníchʼąąʼ (perfective second-person singular)
nishoochʼąąʼ (duoplural perfective second-person)
nidashoochʼąąʼ (perfective plural second-person)
neizhchʼąąʼ (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
nideizhchʼąąʼ (perfective plural third-person)
nijizhchʼąąʼ (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
nidajizhchʼąąʼ (fourth-person perfective plural)
naashchʼąąʼ (passive)
nabiʼdishchʼąąʼ (agentive passive)
nideeshchʼąh (first-person future singular)
nidiichʼąh (duoplural first-person future)
nidadiichʼąh (first-person future plural)
nidííchʼąh (future second-person singular)
nidoohchʼąh (duoplural future second-person)
nidadoohchʼąh (future plural second-person)
neidoochʼąh (duoplural future singular third-person)
nideidoochʼąh (future plural third-person)
nizhdoochʼąh (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
nidazhdoochʼąh (fourth-person future plural)

na- (atelic, circuital) + -y- (3rd person object prefix) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -chʼąąh (continuative imperfective stem of root -CHʼĄĄʼ, “to decorate”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-chʼąąh</i>

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-CHʼĄĄʼ</i>

he/she is decorating it, illustrating it (a book)

he/she is making it (a drawing or painting)

he/she is drawing or painting it (the subject matter), depicting it by drawing or painting


neezkʼaz

ni- (thematic) + -eez- (si-perfective 3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -kʼaz (neuter perfective stem of root -KʼAAZ, “to be cold ”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-kʼaz</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-KʼAAZ</i>


łį́į́ʼ tʼáá dilkǫǫhgo naalgeedígíí

łį́į́ʼ (“horse”) + tʼáá (“just”) + dilkǫǫh (“smooth”, in reference to saddle-less) + -go (adverbial marker) + naalgeed (“it bucks”) + -ígíí (nominalizer)


łį́į́ʼ bikʼídahaznilgo naalgeedígíí

łį́į́ʼ (“horse”) + bikʼídahaznil (“things are set on it”) (bikʼí (“on it”) + da- (“plural marker”) + ha- (“up”) + -z- (“deictic pronoun”) + -nil (“several objects are handled, perfective stem”)) + -go (adverbial marker) + naalgeed (“it bucks”) + -ígíí (nominalizer)


béégashii ałtsʼą́ą́ʼ wódleehígíí

béégashii (“cow”) + ałtsʼą́ą́ʼ (“in opposite directions”) + wódleeh (“it is roped”) + -ígíí (nominalizer)


ałtsʼą́ą́ʼ

sitsʼą́ą́ʼ (first-person singular)
nihitsʼą́ą́ʼ (duoplural first-person)
nitsʼą́ą́ʼ (second-person singular)
nihitsʼą́ą́ʼ (duoplural second-person)
bitsʼą́ą́ʼ (third-person)
yitsʼą́ą́ʼ (fourth-person)
hatsʼą́ą́ʼ (fourth-person)
atsʼą́ą́ʼ (fourth-person singular)
átsʼą́ą́ʼ (reflexive singular)
ałtsʼą́ą́ʼ (duoplural reciprocal)
ahiłtsʼą́ą́ʼ (duoplural reciprocal)

away from each other, in opposite directions


béégashii yáázh wódleehígíí

béégashii (“cow”) + yáázh (“little”) + wódleeh (“it is roped”) + -ígíí (nominalizer)


dóola naalgeedígíí

dóola (“bull”) + naalgeed (“it bucks”) + -ígíí (nominalizer)


head

tóshjeeh binaago łį́į́ʼ náádadiilwoʼígíí

tóshjeeh (“water barrel”) + binaa (“around it”) + -go (adverbial marker) + łį́į́ʼ (“horse”) + náádadiilwoʼ (“they run around”) + -ígíí (nominalizer)


binaa

shinaa (first-person singular)
nihinaa (duoplural first-person)
ninaa (second-person singular)
nihinaa (duoplural second-person)
binaa (third-person)
yinaa (fourth-person)
hanaa (fourth-person)
anaa (fourth-person singular)
ánaa (reflexive singular)
ałnaa (duoplural reciprocal)
ahiłnaa (duoplural reciprocal)


tóshjeeh

tó (“water”) + -sh- (ligature) + jeeh (“resin”)

water barrel (with staves and hoops), keg


yiyiiłhé

sisxé (first-person imperfective singular)
siilyé (duoplural first-person imperfective)
dasiilyé (first-person imperfective plural)
síłhé (imperfective second-person singular)
sołhé (duoplural imperfective second-person)
dasołhé (imperfective plural second-person)
yiyiiłhé (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
dayiiłhé (imperfective plural third-person)
jiiłhé (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dajiiłhé (fourth-person imperfective plural)
séłhį́ (first-person perfective singular)
siilyį́ (duoplural first-person perfective)
dasiilyį́ (first-person perfective plural)
síníłhį́ (perfective second-person singular)
soołhį́ (duoplural perfective second-person)
dasoołhį́ (perfective plural second-person)
yiyiisxį́ (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
dayiisxį́ (perfective plural third-person)
jiisxį́ (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dajiisxį́ (fourth-person perfective plural)
diyeeshhééł (first-person future singular)
diyiilyééł (duoplural first-person future)
dadiyiilyééł (first-person future plural)
diyííłhééł (future second-person singular)
diyoołhééł (duoplural future second-person)
dadiyoołhééł (future plural second-person)
yidiyoołhééł (duoplural future singular third-person)
deidiyoołhééł (future plural third-person)
jidiyoołhééł (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
dazhdiyoołhééł (fourth-person future plural)

y- (3rd person object prefix) + -si- (“death”) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier) + -yé (conclusive imperfective stem of root -YĮ́, “to kill — 1 object”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-yé</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-YĮ́</i>


béégashii bikʼos náágisgo neheʼníłígíí

béégashii (“cow”) + bikʼos (“its neck”) + náágisgo (“it is turned”) + neheʼníł (“it is taken down”) + -ígíí (nominalizer)


béégashii yáázh tʼóó yisdlohígíí

béégashii (“cow”) + yáázh (“little”) + tʼóó (“merely, just”) + yisdloh (“it is roped”) + -ígíí (nominalizer)


bílaʼ

shílaʼ (first-person singular)
nihílaʼ (duoplural first-person)
danihílaʼ (first-person plural)
nílaʼ (second-person singular)
nihílaʼ (duoplural second-person)
danihílaʼ (plural second-person)
bílaʼ (third-person)
yílaʼ (fourth-person)
hálaʼ (fourth-person)
álaʼ (indefinite)

Atʼééyázhí bimá yílaʼ yótąʼ.

The little girl is holding her mother’s hand.


tséʼástʼéí

piki, Indian paper cornbread, a paper-thin, dry, rolled bread made with nixtamalized blue corn meal, adopted from the Hopi.


halchin

honishchin (first-person imperfective singular)
honiilchin (duoplural first-person imperfective)
dahoniilchin (first-person imperfective plural)
honílchin (imperfective second-person singular)
honołchin (duoplural imperfective second-person)
dahonołchin (imperfective plural second-person)
halchin (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
dahalchin (imperfective plural third-person)
hojílchin (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dahojílchin (fourth-person imperfective plural)

ho- (“space, area, things”) + -∅- (ni-modal 3rd person subject prefix) + -l- (classifier) + -chin (neuter imperfective stem of root -CHĄ́Ą́ʼ, “to smell”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-chin</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-CHĄ́Ą́ʼ</i>

he/she/it smells like it, has the odor of it


naazhjool

shijool (perfective singular third-person)
naazhjool (perfective plural third-person)
ndaazhjool (distributive perfective plural third-person)

na- (atelic, circuital) + -z- (si-perfective 3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -jool (neuter perfective stem of root -JOOL, “non-compact matter moves or lies”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-jool</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-JOOL</i>

nv-link-to-root

they lie around somewhere, are located somewhere (non-compact matter as a wig, hay, wool)


naazʼą́

siʼą́ (perfective singular third-person)
naazʼą́ (perfective plural third-person)
ndaazʼą́ (distributive perfective plural third-person)

na- (atelic, circuital) + -z- (si-perfective 3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -ʼą́ (neuter perfective stem of root -ʼĄ́, “to handle a solid roundish object”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ʼą́</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ʼĄ́</i>

nv-link-to-root

they (solid roundish objects) lie around somewhere, are located somewhere


áłchíní ółtaʼígíí

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áłchíní ółtaʼígíí

áłchíní daʼółtaʼígíí

áłchíní ółtaʼígíí (plural áłchíní daʼółtaʼígíí)

áłchíní (“child”) + ółtaʼ (“he/she is studying”) + -ígíí (nominalizer)


hadibin

hadiibin (duoplural first-person imperfective)
hadibin (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
hadiibįįd (duoplural first-person perfective)
hadéébįįd (duoplural perfective singular third-person)

ha- (“completeness”) + -di- (thematic) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -bin (imperfective stem of root -BĮĮD, “to fill”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-bin</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-BĮĮD</i>

Shikeeʼ tó biiʼ hadéébįįd.

(literally, “Water filled in my shoes.”)

Hooghan góneʼ hadiibin.

The house is full of us, we fill the house.

it fills something up, something gets full of it


naałchid

naashchid (first-person imperfective singular)
neiilchid (duoplural first-person imperfective)
nideiilchid (first-person imperfective plural)
naniłchid (imperfective second-person singular)
naałchid (duoplural imperfective second-person)
nidaałchid (imperfective plural second-person)
naałchid (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
nidaałchid (imperfective plural third-person)
nijiłchid (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
nidajiłchid (fourth-person imperfective plural)
nishéłchid (first-person perfective singular)
nishiilchid (duoplural first-person perfective)
nidashiilchid (first-person perfective plural)
nishíníłchid (perfective second-person singular)
nishoołchid (duoplural perfective second-person)
nidashoołchid (perfective plural second-person)
naashchid (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
nidaashchid (perfective plural third-person)
nijishchid (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
nidajishchid (fourth-person perfective plural)
ndeeshchił (first-person future singular)
ndiilchił (duoplural first-person future)
ndadiilchił (first-person future plural)
ndííłchił (future second-person singular)
ndoołchił (duoplural future second-person)
ndadoołchił (future plural second-person)
ndoołchił (duoplural future singular third-person)
ndadoołchił (future plural third-person)
nizhdoołchił (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
ndazhdoołchił (fourth-person future plural)

na- (atelic, circuital) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier, thematic) + -chid (continuative imperfective stem of root -CHID, “to move hand”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-chid</i>

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-CHID</i>

he/she is gesturing, signaling with his/her hands

second-person duoplural imperfective of naałchid


náldzid

násdzid (first-person imperfective singular)
néiildzid (duoplural first-person imperfective)
nídeiildzid (first-person imperfective plural)
náníldzid (imperfective second-person singular)
náłdzid (duoplural imperfective second-person)
nídaałdzid (imperfective plural second-person)
náldzid (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
nídaaldzid (imperfective plural third-person)
níjíldzid (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
nídajildzid (fourth-person imperfective plural)
nísísdzííd (first-person perfective singular)
nísiildzííd (duoplural first-person perfective)
nídasiildzííd (first-person perfective plural)
nísíníldzííd (perfective second-person singular)
nísoołdzííd (duoplural perfective second-person)
nídasoołdzííd (perfective plural second-person)
násdzííd (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
nídaasdzííd (perfective plural third-person)
níjísdzííd (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
nídajisdzííd (fourth-person perfective plural)

ná- (thematic) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -l- (classifier) + -dzid (imperfective stem of root -DZÍÍD, “to be afraid”)

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-dzid</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-DZÍÍD</i>


naaztłééʼ

sitłééʼ (perfective singular third-person)
naaztłééʼ (perfective plural third-person)
ndaaztłééʼ (distributive perfective plural third-person)

na- (atelic, circuital) + -z- (si-perfective 3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -tłééʼ (neuter perfective stem of root -TŁÉÉʼ, “to handle mushy matter”).

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-tłééʼ</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-TŁÉÉʼ</i>

they (mushy matter as mud, butter) lie around somewhere, are located somewhere


nídon

ní- (ni-perfective 3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -don (neuter perfective stem of root -DǪǪD, “to straighten up”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-don</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-DǪǪD</i>


naastsooz

siłtsooz (perfective singular third-person)
naastsooz (perfective plural third-person)
ndaastsooz (distributive perfective plural third-person)

na- (atelic, circuital) + -s- (si-perfective 3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier) + -tsooz (neuter perfective stem of root -TSOOZ, “to handle a flat flexible object”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-tsooz</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-TSOOZ</i>

nv-link-to-root

they lie around somewhere, are located somewhere (flat flexible objects as sheets, paper)


naʼídíłkid

naʼídíshkid (first-person imperfective singular)
naʼídíilkid (duoplural first-person imperfective)
naʼídadíilkid (first-person imperfective plural)
naʼídíłkid (imperfective second-person singular)
naʼídółkid (duoplural imperfective second-person)
naʼídadółkid (imperfective plural second-person)
naʼídíłkid (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
naʼídadíłkid (imperfective plural third-person)
naʼízhdíłkid (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
naʼídazhdíłkid (fourth-person imperfective plural)
naʼídééłkid (first-person perfective singular)
naʼídíilkid (duoplural first-person perfective)
naʼídadíilkid (first-person perfective plural)
naʼídííníłkid (perfective second-person singular)
naʼídóołkid (duoplural perfective second-person)
naʼídadóołkid (perfective plural second-person)
naʼídééłkid (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
naʼídadééłkid (perfective plural third-person)
naʼízhdééłkid (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
naʼídazhdééłkid (fourth-person perfective plural)

na- (“across”) + -ʼa- (unspecified person object prefix) + -í- (“against, reaching”) + -di- (“oral”) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier) + -kid (repetitive imperfective stem of root -KID, “to ask”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-kid</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-KID</i>

he/she is asking a question, making an inquiry

second-person singular imperfective of naʼídíłkid


naazką́

siką́ (perfective singular third-person)
naazką́ (perfective plural third-person)
ndaazką́ (distributive perfective plural third-person)

na- (atelic, circuital) + -z- (si-perfective 3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -ką́ (neuter perfective stem of root -KĄ́, “to handle matter in an open container”).

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ką́</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-KĄ́</i>

nv-link-to-root

they lie around somewhere, are located somewhere (matter in open containers as glasses of water, dishes of food)


naaztą́

sitą́ (perfective singular third-person)
naaztą́ (perfective plural third-person)
ndaaztą́ (distributive perfective plural third-person)

na- (atelic, circuital) + -z- (si-perfective 3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -tą́ (neuter perfective stem of root -TĄ́, “to handle a slender stiff object”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-tą́</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-TĄ́</i>

nv-link-to-root

they lie around somewhere, are located somewhere (slender stiff objects as sticks)


yíchííł

yíchííł (imperfective singular third-person)
ńchííl (perfective singular third-person)

y- (peg element) + -◌́- (ni-modal 3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -chííł (imperfective stem of root -CHÍÍL, “to snow”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-chííł</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-CHÍÍL</i>


Bádikin Sídii

Vatican City (a city-state in Southern Europe, an enclave within the city of Rome, Italy)


head

Kéyah Dańlíinii bikáaʼgi kéédahatʼínígíí bizaad


kééhatʼínígíí

kééhatʼį́ (“he lives”) + -ígíí (nominalizer)


naaltsoos dildoní

naaltsoos (“paper”) + dildǫǫh (“it explodes”) + -í (nominalizer)

Yaʼiishjáástsoh yiziłígíí biyiʼ dį́į́ʼgóó yoołkááłgóó naaltsoos dildoní daʼdiłdon łeh

On the 4th of July, people usually pop fireworks.


yiziłígíí

yiził (“to be passing, said of a month”) + -ígíí (nominalizer)


yoołkááł

yi- (“night passes”) + -oo- (yi-progressive 3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier) + -kááł (progressive stem of root -KĄ́, “night passes”).
yi- (“night, dawn”) + yi- (progressive mode prefix) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier) + -kááł (progressive verb stem)

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-kááł</i>

January 24, 2025go yoołkááł

tááʼtsʼáadahgóó yoołkááł dííshjį́, Ndaʼiiníísh


chʼah digizii

chʼah (“hat”) + digiz (“it is crooked”) + -ii (nominalizing suffix)


tłʼaajįʼééʼ ndaazí

tłʼaajįʼééʼ (“trousers”) + ndaaz (“it is heavy”) + -í (nominalizer), a reference to sagging.


awáalya

Awáalyadi doo shił yáʼáhootʼéeh da


azeeʼííłʼíní

head

azeeʼííłʼíní

azeeʼ (“medicine”) + ííłʼį́ (“he makes it”) + -í (“nominalizer”)


tʼóó ahayóí

Tłʼoh waaʼí tʼóó ahayóí


tłʼoh waaʼí

From tłʼoh (“grass”) + waaʼí (“spinach”).


yíhoołʼaah

bóhooshʼaah (first-person imperfective singular)
bíhwiilʼaah (duoplural first-person imperfective)
bídahwiilʼaah (first-person imperfective plural)
bóhoołʼaah (imperfective second-person singular)
bíhoołʼaah (duoplural imperfective second-person)
bídahoołʼaah (imperfective plural second-person)
yíhoołʼaah (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
yídahoołʼaah (imperfective plural third-person)
bíhojiiłʼaah (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
bídahojiiłʼaah (fourth-person imperfective plural)
bíhoołʼą́ą́ʼ (first-person perfective singular)
bíhwiilʼą́ą́ʼ (duoplural first-person perfective)
bídahwiilʼą́ą́ʼ (first-person perfective plural)
bíhwiiniłʼą́ą́ʼ (perfective second-person singular)
bíhoołʼą́ą́ʼ (duoplural perfective second-person)
bídahoołʼą́ą́ʼ (perfective plural second-person)
yíhoołʼą́ą́ʼ (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
yídahoołʼą́ą́ʼ (perfective plural third-person)
bíhojiiłʼą́ą́ʼ (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
bídahojiiłʼą́ą́ʼ (fourth-person perfective plural)
bíhwiideeshʼááł (first-person future singular)
bíhwiidiilʼááł (duoplural first-person future)
bídahwiidiilʼááł (first-person future plural)
bíhwiidííłʼááł (future second-person singular)
bíhwiidoołʼááł (duoplural future second-person)
bídahwiidoołʼááł (future plural second-person)
yíhwiidoołʼááł (duoplural future singular third-person)
yídahwiidoołʼááł (future plural third-person)
bíhwiizhdoołʼááł (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
bídahwiizhdoołʼááł (fourth-person future plural)
bínáhooshʼááh (first-person singular)
bínáhwiilʼááh (duoplural first-person)
bínádahwiilʼááh (first-person plural)
bínáhoołʼááh (second-person singular)
bínáhoołʼááh (duoplural second-person)
bínádahoołʼááh (plural second-person)
yínáhoołʼááh (duoplural singular third-person)
yínádahoołʼááh (plural third-person)
bínáhojiiłʼááh (duoplural fourth-person singular)
bínádahojiiłʼááh (fourth-person plural)
bíhooshʼááł (first-person singular)
bíhoolʼááł (duoplural first-person)
bídahoolʼááł (first-person plural)
bíhoółʼááł (second-person singular)
bíhoołʼááł (duoplural second-person)
bídahoołʼááł (plural second-person)
yíhoołʼááł (duoplural singular third-person)
yídahoołʼááł (plural third-person)
bíhojoołʼááł (duoplural fourth-person singular)
bídahojoołʼááł (fourth-person plural)

b- (thematic) + -í- (“against, reaching”) + -ho- (“space, area, things”) + -yi- (transitional) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier) + -ʼaah (transitional imperfective stem of root -ʼĄ́Ą́ʼ, “to learn”)

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ʼaah</i>

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ʼĄ́Ą́ʼ</i>

Ayóogo Diné bizaad bóhooshʼaah.

I am really learning the Navajo language.

Bilagáana haashį́į́ néelą́ą́ʼ Diné bizaad yídahoołʼaah.

There is an undetermined number of Anglos studying Navajo.


bóhooshʼaah

first-person singular imperfective of yíhoołʼaah


ííníshtaʼ

first-person singular imperfective of ółtaʼ


hainiłchaad

hanishchaad (first-person imperfective singular)
haniilchaad (duoplural first-person imperfective)
hadaniilchaad (first-person imperfective plural)
haníłchaad (imperfective second-person singular)
hanołchaad (duoplural imperfective second-person)
hadanołchaad (imperfective plural second-person)
hainiłchaad (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
hadeiniłchaad (imperfective plural third-person)
hazhniłchaad (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
hadazhniłchaad (fourth-person imperfective plural)
hanííłchaad (first-person perfective singular)
haniilchaad (duoplural first-person perfective)
hadaniilchaad (first-person perfective plural)
hanííníłchaad (perfective second-person singular)
hanoołchaad (duoplural perfective second-person)
hadanoołchaad (perfective plural second-person)
hainííłchaad (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
hadeineeshchaad (perfective plural third-person)
hazhnííłchaad (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
hadazhneeshchaad (fourth-person perfective plural)
hadínéeshchał (first-person future singular)
hadíníilchał (duoplural first-person future)
hadadíníilchał (first-person future plural)
hadínííłchał (future second-person singular)
hadínóołchał (duoplural future second-person)
hadadínóołchał (future plural second-person)
haidínóołchał (duoplural future singular third-person)
hadeidínóołchał (future plural third-person)
hazhdínóołchał (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
hadazhdínóołchał (fourth-person future plural)

/hɑ̀ɪ̀nɪ̀ɬt͡ʃʰɑ̀ːt/

ha- (“up out”) + -y- (3rd person object prefix) + -ni- (“round shape”) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier) + -chaad (imperfective stem of root -CHAAD, “to swell”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-chaad</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-CHAAD</i>

he/she is carding wool, is making it fluffy


naʼiidzeeł

dream (a dream during slumber, whether good or bad)


nantłʼah

na- (atelic, circuital) + -ni- (thematic) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -tłʼah (continuative imperfective stem of root -TŁʼAH, “to be left-handed”)

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-tłʼah</i>

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-TŁʼAH</i>

shił nantłʼah

Diné bizaad doo nantłʼah da

Díí gohwééh nił nantłʼah nidlą́


daanéʼé

chidí daanéʼé

hooghan daanéʼé

mósí bidaanéʼé


Táłkááʼ Bighan Dineʼé bikéyah

táłkááʼ (“on the surface of the water”) + bighan (“their houses”) + dineʼé (“people”) + bikéyah (“their country”)


nishłį́

first-person singular imperfective of nilį́


naazyį́

siyį́ (perfective singular third-person)
naazyį́ (perfective plural third-person)
ndaazyį́ (distributive perfective plural third-person)

na- (atelic, circuital) + -z- (si-perfective 3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -yį́ (neuter perfective stem of root -YĮ́, “to handle loads, packs, burdens”).

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-yį́</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-YĮ́</i>

nv-link-to-root

they (loads or packs) lie around somewhere, are located somewhere

they (bodies of water) lie around somewhere, are located somewhere


nídízííd

Alternative spelling of ńdízííd: a month passes, is going by


naazhjaaʼ

shijaaʼ (perfective singular third-person)
naazhjaaʼ (perfective plural third-person)
ndaazhjaaʼ (distributive perfective plural third-person)

na- (atelic, circuital) + -z- (si-perfective 3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -jaaʼ (neuter perfective stem of root -JAAʼ, “to handle a profusion of objects”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-jaaʼ</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-JAAʼ</i>

nv-link-to-root

they lie around somewhere, are located somewhere (groups of profusion of small, visually difficult to count objects as sand, seeds or pebbles)


áshįįh łikan bee bídaʼneelʼąąhígíí

áshįįh łikan (“sugar”) + bee (“by means of it”) + bíneelʼąą (“it measures it”) + -ígíí (nominalizer)


hózhǫ́ǫ́jí naatʼááh

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hózhǫ́ǫ́jí naatʼááh

hózhǫ́ǫ́jí naatʼááh

hózhǫ́ (“peace and harmony”) + -jí (on the side of) + naatʼááh (“he orates”)


azeeʼ ndootʼeezhí

azeeʼ (“medicine”) + ndootʼeezh (“strung with beads”) (from d- (classifier) + -ʼeezh (perfective stem with the meaning of stringing beads or fish)), plus -í (nominalizer)

bee balm, wild bergamot, horsemint (Monarda punctata, Monarda pectinata, Monarda fistulosa subsp. menthifolia


bikágí

bi- (3rd person possessive) + akágí (“hide, pelt, skin”)


jádítsoh bideeʼ shiyishígíí

From jádítsoh (“kudu”) + bideeʼ (“its horn”) + shiyish (“it is curved”) + -ígíí (nominalizer).


dáánézí

nv:Dáánézí (łóóʼ)


tłʼiishtsiiʼí

northern snakehead (Channa argus, in family Channidae)


jádí binááʼ dį́įʼii

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jádí binááʼ dį́įʼii

jádí binááʼ dį́įʼii


Diné bizaad yee nidaazbaaʼígíí

Diné bizaad yee naazbaaʼígíí
Diné bizaad yee naazbaaʼígíí#Navajo


chʼįdą́ą́ʼ

nv:chʼįdą́ą́ʼ


yáhashjool

/jɑ́hɑ̀ʃt͡ʃòːl/


haashchʼéʼédą́ą́ʼ

haashchʼéʼédą́ą́ʼ


chéłchaaʼtsoh

From chéłchaaʼ (“beetle”) + -tsoh (“big”)


atʼaʼ yiltʼąąʼí yąąh dah sidáhígíí

nv:atʼaʼ yiltʼąąʼí yąąh dah sidáhígíí (chʼosh ntsxaaígíí)


tábąąsdísíłbáí

tábąąsdísíłbáí


zahalchíʼii

Compound of azééʼ (“mouth”) + halchííʼ (“the area is red”) + -ii (nominalizer).


head

Federated States of Micronesia#English:_Q702

Federated States of Micronesia (The official name of Micronesia, a country consisting of about 600 islands in Oceania)

nv:Eʼeʼaahjí Tónteel bikáaʼgi Kéyah Yázhí dah Ndaaʼeełgo Ałhidadiidzooígíí


táłtłʼááh naatʼáʼii

táłtłʼááh naatʼáʼii

táłtłʼááh naatʼáʼii


tʼáá ádzaagóó

tʼáá ádzaagóó

tʼáá ádzaagóó

Tʼáá ádzaagóó shikʼihodiiʼą́.

Tʼáá ádzaagóó shaa nahasneʼ.

Tʼáá ádzaagóó ádee hadoodzííʼ.

spreading rumors or lies, (to accuse) falsely


tʼáá ádzaagóó

tʼáá ádzaagóó

tʼáá ádzaagóó


tiníléítsoh naʼałkǫ́ʼígíí

tiníléí (“Gila monster”) + -tsoh (big) + naʼałkǫ́ǫ́ʼ (“it swims”) + -ígíí (nominalizer)


chéchʼil ntłʼizí yiltʼąąʼí

Berberis aquifolium
Berberis aquifolium#Translingual

Mahonia aquifolium
Mahonia aquifolium#Translingual

Oregon grape (Berberis aquifolium, syn. Mahonia aquifolium)


níyol yiiʼ naʼałkǫ́ʼígíí

nv:níyol yiiʼ naʼałkǫ́ʼígíí (tónteel tsídii)


naʼałkǫ́ǫ́ʼ

naʼashkǫ́ǫ́ʼ (first-person imperfective singular)
naʼiilkǫ́ǫ́ʼ (duoplural first-person imperfective)
ndaʼiilkǫ́ǫ́ʼ (first-person imperfective plural)
naʼíłkǫ́ǫ́ʼ (imperfective second-person singular)
naʼołkǫ́ǫ́ʼ (duoplural imperfective second-person)
ndaʼołkǫ́ǫ́ʼ (imperfective plural second-person)
naʼałkǫ́ǫ́ʼ (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
ndaʼałkǫ́ǫ́ʼ (imperfective plural third-person)
nʼjiłkǫ́ǫ́ʼ (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
ndaʼjiłkǫ́ǫ́ʼ (fourth-person imperfective plural)
niʼséłkǫ́ǫ́ʼ (first-person perfective singular)
niʼsiilkǫ́ǫ́ʼ (duoplural first-person perfective)
ndaʼsiilkǫ́ǫ́ʼ (first-person perfective plural)
niʼsíníłkǫ́ǫ́ʼ (perfective second-person singular)
niʼsoołkǫ́ǫ́ʼ (duoplural perfective second-person)
ndaʼsoołkǫ́ǫ́ʼ (perfective plural second-person)
naʼaskǫ́ǫ́ʼ (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
ndaʼaskǫ́ǫ́ʼ (perfective plural third-person)
nʼjiskǫ́ǫ́ʼ (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
ndaʼjiskǫ́ǫ́ʼ (fourth-person perfective plural)
nʼdeeshkǫǫł (first-person future singular)
nʼdiilkǫǫł (duoplural first-person future)
ndaʼdiilkǫǫł (first-person future plural)
nʼdííłkǫǫł (future second-person singular)
nʼdoołkǫǫł (duoplural future second-person)
ndaʼdoołkǫǫł (future plural second-person)
nʼdoołkǫǫł (duoplural future singular third-person)
ndaʼdoołkǫǫł (future plural third-person)
nizhʼdoołkǫǫł (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
ndazhʼdoołkǫǫł (fourth-person future plural)

na- (atelic, circuital) + -ʼa- (unspecified person object prefix) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier, thematic) + -kǫ́ǫ́ʼ (continuative imperfective stem of root -KǪ́Ǫ́’, “to swim”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-kǫ́ǫ́ʼ</i>

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-KǪ́Ǫ́’</i>

(in the perfective) he/she swam to a location and swam back


tłʼohtah díłdánii yił aheełtʼéhii

From tłʼohtah (“in the grass”) + díłdánii (“quail”) + yił (“like it”) + aheełtʼé (“it resembles”) + -ii (nominalizer)


tsétah dibé

/ˈt͡sʰɛ́tʰàx tɪpé/


tsétah

/ˈt͡sʰɛ́tʰàx/


tsįdláád

From tsin (“wood, tree”) + dláád (“lichen, moss”).


tó wónaanídę́ę́ʼ náshdóí

head

tó wónaanídę́ę́ʼ náshdóí

tó wónaanídę́ę́ʼ náshdóí

tó (“water”) + wónaanídę́ę́ʼ (“from the other side”) + náshdóí (“wildcat”) (refers to the other side of the Atlantic Ocean)


mósí bizaʼazis hólóní

/mósɪ́ pɪzɑʔɑzɪs xólónɪ́kɪ́ɪ́/


tábąąhgi łeeyiʼ chʼosh

From tábąąh (“shore”) + -gi (“at”) + łeeyiʼ (“in the ground”) + chʼosh (“bug, insect”)


Diné bizaad yee naazbaaʼígíí

Diné bizaad (“Navajo language”) + yee (“by means of it”) + naazbaaʼ (“he went to war”) + -ígíí (nominalizer)

With the Navajo language they helped defeat the enemy

Diné Bizaad yee atah naayééʼ yikʼehdeesdlį́į́ʼ