biih

shiih (first-person singular)
nihiih (duoplural first-person)
niih (second-person singular)
nihiih (duoplural second-person)
biih (third-person)
yiih (fourth-person)
hiih (fourth-person)
iih (fourth-person singular)
ádiih (reflexive singular)
ahiih (duoplural reciprocal)


yáadilá

man alive, good grief, wow, wtf, yeah, right (expresses exasperation, frustration)


Diyin God

diyin (“is sacred, is holy”) + English God


táłtłʼááh kʼaaʼ

head

táłtłʼááh kʼaaʼ

táłtłʼááh kʼaaʼ


hodíłchʼil

ho- (“space, area, things”) + -di- (adjectival) + -◌́- (ni-modal 3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier) + -chʼil (neuter perfective stem of root -CHʼIL, “plant”)

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-chʼil</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-CHʼIL</i>


nahakʼízii

nahakʼiz (“it goes about making a kʼiz-kʼiz sound”) + -ii (nominalizing suffix)

Nahakʼízii łaʼ ádaaní.

I hear crickets (a jab at getting no response; literally, crickets are chirping).


wótááhgóó ałnááʼáłtʼahí

head

wótááhgóó ałnááʼáłtʼahí

wótááhgóó ałnááʼáłtʼahí

nv:wótááhgóó ałnááʼáłtʼahí


níłtsą́goʼ

From níłtsą́ (“rain”) + -goʼ (neuter perfective stem of root -GOʼ, “to bump, hit”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-goʼ</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-GOʼ</i>


áłchínídą́ą́ʼ

head

áłchínídą́ą́ʼ


tádídíín yiyání

From tádídíín (“corn pollen”) + yiyą́ (“it is eating it”) + -í (nominalizer)


łóóʼ ńdídzihígíí

head

łóóʼ ńdídzihígíí

łóóʼ ńdídzihígíí

nv:łóóʼ ńdídzihígíí


naaʼołí yiltʼąąʼí

naaʼołí yiltʼąąʼí

naaʼołí yiltʼąąʼí


jáád neishoodí

ajáád (“leg”) + neishood (“he drags it about”) + -í (nominalizer)


tsídiidą́ą́ʼ

tsídiidą́ą́ʼ


atʼaʼ éljołí nahalinígíí

nv:Atʼaʼ éljołí nahalinígíí (táłtłʼááh chʼosh)


azaʼazis

shizaʼazis (first-person singular)
nihizaʼazis (duoplural first-person)
danihizaʼazis (first-person plural)
nizaʼazis (second-person singular)
nihizaʼazis (duoplural second-person)
danihizaʼazis (plural second-person)
bizaʼazis (third-person)
yizaʼazis (fourth-person)
hazaʼazis (fourth-person)
azaʼazis (indefinite)

aza- (combining form of azééʼ, mouth) + azis (“bag, sack, pouch”)


kʼish

From Proto-Athabaskan *qʼəš ~ *qʼəɣəšʷ (“alder”).
Perhaps this word is related to the root -KʼǪSH (“to be sour, be rancid (of color and oil)”).

inh

*qʼəš ~ *qʼəɣəšʷ


łóóʼtʼą́hí atsiniltłʼish ííłʼínígíí

head

łóóʼtʼą́hí atsiniltłʼish ííłʼínígíí

łóóʼtʼą́hí atsiniltłʼish ííłʼínígíí

nv:łóóʼtʼą́hí atsiniltłʼish ííłʼínígíí


tólchiin

From tó (“water”) + niłchin (“it has an odor”, from -CHĄ́Ą́ʼ, “to smell”) + -ii (nominalizing suffix).


Shádiʼááhdę́ę́ʼ tsétah mósí ałchinígíí

nv:Shádiʼááhdę́ę́ʼ tsétah mósí ałchinígíí


ałchin

ashchin (first-person imperfective singular)
iilchin (duoplural first-person imperfective)
daʼiilchin (first-person imperfective plural)
íłchin (imperfective second-person singular)
ołchin (duoplural imperfective second-person)
daʼołchin (imperfective plural second-person)
ałchin (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
daʼałchin (imperfective plural third-person)
ajiłchin (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
daʼjiłchin (fourth-person imperfective plural)
ashéłchą́ą́ʼ (first-person perfective singular)
ashiilchą́ą́ʼ (duoplural first-person perfective)
daʼshiilchą́ą́ʼ (first-person perfective plural)
ashíníłchą́ą́ʼ (perfective second-person singular)
ashoołchą́ą́ʼ (duoplural perfective second-person)
daʼshoołchą́ą́ʼ (perfective plural second-person)
ashchą́ą́ʼ (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
daʼashchą́ą́ʼ (perfective plural third-person)
ajishchą́ą́ʼ (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
daʼjishchą́ą́ʼ (fourth-person perfective plural)

ʼa- (unspecified person object prefix) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier) + -chin (imperfective stem of root -CHĄ́Ą́ʼ, “to smell”)

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-chin</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-CHĄ́Ą́ʼ</i>


biʼééʼ dootłʼizhgo disxǫsígíí

From ééʼ (“its clothing”) + dootłʼizh (“it blue, turqoise”) + -go (adverbial suffix) + disxǫs (“it glitters”) + -ígíí (nominalizer)


níłchʼi naalkidí

níłchʼi (“air”) + naalkid (“he sees it moving”) + -í (nominalizer)


Yootó

From yooʼ (“bead”) + tó (“water, springs”).

Santa Fe (the capital city of New Mexico, United States)


tsiiʼnteelí

Compound of atsiiʼ (“head”) + niteel (“it is wide”) + -í (nominalizer).


Tsin Bikeeʼ Dineʼé bizaad

tsin (“wood”) + bikeeʼ (“their shoes”) + dineʼé (“people”) + bizaad (“their language”)


Tsin Bikeeʼ Dineʼé

tsin (“wood”) + bikeeʼ (“their shoes”) + dineʼé (“people”)


tsiiyázhí

Grey-winged Trumpeter
Grey-winged Trumpeter

Grey-winged Trumpeter, trumpeter (Psophia)


tsísʼnádą́ą́ʼ

head

tsísʼnádą́ą́ʼ

gaillardia, blanketflower, blanket flower

nv:tsísʼnádą́ą́ʼ


biniiʼłigaii

biniiʼ (“its face”) + łigai (“is white”) + -ii (nominalizing suffix)


tsídiitsoh bikʼos dootłʼizhí

Casuarius casuarius
Casuarius casuarius#Translingual

southern cassowary (Casuarius casuarius)


niłtsínii

/nɪ̀ɬt͡sɪ́nìː/


mandagíiya

/mɑ̀ntɑ̀kîːjɑ̀/

Ayęęzhii mandagíiya beesitʼé.


tłʼiishkʼosí

Naakaii Łizhiní Bikéyahdę́ę́ʼ tłʼiishkʼosí


nahatʼeʼiitsoh łichíiʼii

/nàhàtʼɛ̀ʔìːt͡sʰòh ɬɪ̀t͡ʃʰíːʔ/


Náátsʼózídę́ę́ʼ mósíłchíiʼii ałchinígíí

Náátsʼózídę́ę́ʼ mósíłchíiʼii ałchinígíí

Náátsʼózídę́ę́ʼ mósíłchíiʼii ałchinígíí


chʼil ditsʼozíłchííʼ

chʼil (“plant”) + ditsʼoz (“hairy”) + -í (nominalizer) + łichííʼ (“red”)


tséʼédǫ́ʼii łibáhígíí

tséʼédǫ́ʼii łibáhígíí

tséʼédǫ́ʼii łibáhígíí


ałtį́į́ʼ jikʼaashí

Equisetum arvense
Equisetum arvense#Translingual

common horsetail, horsetail (Equisetum arvense)

Equisetum pratense
Equisetum pratense#Translingual

Equisetum telmateia
Equisetum telmateia#Translingual


ałtį́į́ʼ

sheʼałtį́į́ʼ (first-person singular)
niheʼałtį́į́ʼ (duoplural first-person)
daniheʼałtį́į́ʼ (first-person plural)
neʼałtį́į́ʼ (second-person singular)
niheʼałtį́į́ʼ (duoplural second-person)
daniheʼałtį́į́ʼ (plural second-person)
beʼałtį́į́ʼ (third-person)
yeʼałtį́į́ʼ (fourth-person)
hweʼałtį́į́ʼ (fourth-person)
ałtį́į́ʼ (indefinite)

sheʼałtį́į́ʼ


tsinaʼayąʼii yildeełí

Myrmecobius fasciatus
Myrmecobius fasciatus#Translingual


sǫʼ łóóʼ bigaanézí

sǫʼ łóóʼ bigaanézí

sǫʼ łóóʼ bigaanézí


chʼosh bitsʼaʼígíí

chʼosh (“insect”) + bitsʼaʼ (“its shell”) + -ígíí (nominalizer)


łóóʼ naatʼaʼí

head

łóóʼ naatʼaʼí

łóóʼ ndaatʼaʼígíí

łóóʼ naatʼaʼí (plural łóóʼ ndaatʼaʼígíí)


táłtłʼááh séigoʼ bitsʼaʼígíí

táłtłʼááh séigoʼ bitsʼaʼígíí

táłtłʼááh séigoʼ bitsʼaʼígíí


níyol yiiʼ naatʼaʼígíí

nv:náhookǫs biyaadi níyol yiiʼ naatʼaʼígíí


táłtłʼááh yilcháazhii

tá- (combining form of tó, “water”) + -ł- (ligature) + atłʼááh (“bottom”) + yilcháázh (“it is spongey in texture”) + -ii (nominalizing suffix)


Binááʼádaałtsʼózí dineʼé

binááʼ (“his eyes”) + da- (“plural marker”) + áłtsʼózí (“it is narrow”)


chʼoshtsoh bikágí diwozhí

chʼoshtsoh (“cockroach”, literally “big bug”) + bikágí (“its skin, its pelt, its shell”) + diwozh (“it is thorny”) + -í (nominalizer)


tʼiis

aspen, maple, large oak, etc., usually growing near waterways


gałbáhí

gah (“rabbit”) + łibá (“gray”) + -í (nominalizer)


łóóʼ hashkéhé bíchį́į́hnézí

łóóʼ hashkéhé bíchį́į́hnézí

łóóʼ hashkéhé bíchį́į́hnézí


bitseeʼ yee adiłhałii yázhí

From bitseeʼ yee adiłhałii (“alligator”) + yázhí (“little”)


Dibé diníí bikéyah

dibé (“sheep”) + diniih (“pain”) + bikéyah (“their country”). So named because "sheep-pain" is almost homophonous with "Spain" in Navajo phonology.

Spain (a country in Southern Europe, including most of the Iberian peninsula)


díkʼǫ́ǫ́zhí

díkʼǫ́ǫ́zh (“to be sour, salty”) + -í (nominalizer)


naʼashjéʼiitsoh

From naʼashjéʼii (“spider”) + -tsoh (“big, large”).


Chek bikéyah

Czech Republic
Czech Republic#English:_Q213

Czech Republic (a country in Central Europe)


Binááʼádaałtsʼózí dineʼé bikéyah

binááʼ (“his eyes”) + da- (“plural marker”) + áłtsʼózí (“it is narrow”) + dineʼé (“people”) + bikéyah (“their country”)


Tsin Bikeeʼ Dineʼé Bikéyah

Kingdom of the Netherlands
Kingdom of the Netherlands#English

constituent countries
constituent country

Netherlands (The main constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, located primarily in Western Europe bordering Germany and Belgium)

Netherlands, Kingdom of the Netherlands (a country in Western Europe, consisting of four constituent countries: the Netherlands per se, Aruba, Curaçao and Sint Maarten)


Dahojiyáanii Bikéyah

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English


Bwazííl

Brazil (A large Portuguese-speaking country in South America)


Kéyah Dah Ndaaʼeełí Łání

Indonesia (a country and archipelago in maritime Southeast Asia)


Tótaʼ Dineʼé Bikéyah

tó (“water”) + bitaʼ (“between them”) + dineʼé (“people”) + bikéyah (“their country”)


Bélgii bikéyah

Belgium (a country in Western Europe that has borders with the Netherlands, Germany, Luxembourg and France)


Ííjip

Egypt (a country in North Africa and Western Asia)


akágí yitsʼǫǫsii

akágí (“a pelt, a skin”) + yitsʼǫǫs (“it is sucking on”) + -ii (nominalizing suffix)


Ízrel bikéyah

Israel (a country in Western Asia, in the Middle East, at the eastern shore of the Mediterranean)


Swis bikéyah

Switzerland (a country in Western Europe and Central Europe)


tseekʼi nástánii

From bitseeʼ (“its tail, rump”) + bikʼi (“on it”), and nástą́ (“it bends back”) + -ii (nominalizing suffix).

squirrel, antelope squirrel (Ammospermophilus)


ni-

ni- + bijaaʼ (“one's ear”) → nijaaʼ (“your ear”)

Marks a noun as being have a second-person singular possessor

ni- + bikʼi (“upon him/her/it”) → nikʼi (“upon you”)

Marks a postposition as having a second-person singular object

ni- + yicha (“he/she is crying”) → nicha (“you're crying”)

Marks a verb as having a second-person singular subject


ni-

Marks a verb as belonging to the ni-imperfective paradigm, which contains verbs confined to the momentaneous aspect.


ni-

Marks a verb as belonging to the terminative subaspect.


Iiwą́ą́

Iran (a country in West Asia, in the Middle East)


hashtłʼish

Compare Chipewyan hatłʼés, Tsuut'ina gútłʼìs.


South Africa (a country in Southern Africa)

nv:Kéyah Naakai Łizhinii Bikéyah Shádiʼááhjí Siʼánígíí


Ditsʼozí Daʼalzhishii Bikéyah

Ditsʼozí Da'alzhish ii Bikéyah (canonical)

Bulgaria (a country in Southeast Europe)


díkʼǫ́ǫ́zhí yiltʼąąʼí

díkʼǫ́ǫ́zhí yiltʼąąʼí

díkʼǫ́ǫ́zhí yiltʼąąʼí

Chenopodium album
Chenopodium album#Translingual

nv:díkʼǫ́ǫ́zhí yiltʼąąʼí


haigo ahąą honinééh

Olympic Winter Games
Olympic Winter Games


akétłʼóól łichxííʼí yázhí

akétłʼóól łichxííʼí yázhí

akétłʼóól łichxííʼí yázhí

From akétłʼóól (“root”) + łichxííʼ (“orange”) + -í (nominalizer) + yázhí (“little”)


akétłʼóól

/ʔɑ̀kʰɛ́t͡ɬʼóːl/

From ké (“foot”) + tłʼóół (“cord, string”).


wóóseekʼidii

Carolina sphinx moth
Carolina sphinx moth

Carolina sphinx moth, tobacco hawk moth, tobacco hornworm, goliath worm (Manduca sexta)


Azeedíchʼííʼ Dineʼé Bikéyah

azeedíchʼííʼ (“chile pepper”) + dineʼé (“people”) + bikéyah (“their country”)


Binááʼádaałtsʼózí Dineʼé Bikéyah Yázhí

binááʼ (“his eyes”) + da- (“plural marker”) + áłtsʼózí (“it is narrow”) + dineʼé (“people”) + bikéyah (“their country”) + yázhí (“small”)

nv:Binááʼádaałtsʼózí Dineʼé Bikéyah Yázhí


nv:Naakaii Łizhiní Bikéyahdę́ę́ʼ náshdóítsoh łikizhígíí


náshdóí łibáhígíí

náshdóí łibáhígíí

náshdóí łibáhígíí


chį́į́h yee achʼiishíhii

From áchį́į́h (“nose”) + yee (“by means of”) + achʼiish (“it cuts”), literally “it cuts with its nose”.


sęęschʼil

/sẽ̀ːst͡ʃʼɪ̀l/


chʼałdą́ą́ʼ

/t͡ʃʼɑ̀ɬtɑ̃́ːʔ/

nv:chʼałdą́ą́ʼ


Daalchííʼ Dadikʼą́ąhnii Bikéyah

Balkan Peninsula
Balkan Peninsula#English

Croatia (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


Séwib bikéyah

Serbia (a country on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe)


chʼoshtsoh

Compound of chʼosh (“bug, insect”) + -tsoh (“big”).


Tsiiʼyishbizhí Dineʼé Bikéyah

From atsiiʼ (“hair”) + yishbizh (“braided”), "land of braided-hair people".

People's Republic of China
People's Republic of China


łóóʼ bigaan tseebíí

From łóóʼ (“fish”) + bigaan (“its arm/limb”) + tseebíí (“eight”).


Béésh Łigaii Bikéyah

/péːʃ ɬɪ̀kɑ̀ìː pɪ̀kʰɛ́jàh/

From béésh łigaii (“silver”) + bikéyah (“their country”).


Dziłigaii bikéyah

From dził (“mountain”) + łigaii (“white”) + bikéyah (“their country”)


naazlá

silá (perfective singular third-person)
naazlá (perfective plural third-person)
ndaazlá (distributive perfective plural third-person)

na- (atelic, circuital) + -z- (si-perfective 3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -lá (neuter perfective stem of root -LÁ, “to handle slender flexible objects”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-lá</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-LÁ</i>

nv-link-to-root

they lie around somewhere, are located somewhere (slender flexible objects as ropes, chains, belts)

they lie around somewhere, are located somewhere (pairs of objects as shoes, socks, scissors)

they lie around somewhere, are located somewhere (conglomeration as constellations, kernels, words of a language,...)

they lie around somewhere, are located somewhere (objects of unknown shape)


naaznil

sinil (perfective singular third-person)
naaznil (perfective plural third-person)
ndaaznil (distributive perfective plural third-person)

na- (atelic, circuital) + -z- (si-perfective 3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -nil (neuter perfective stem of root -NIL, “to handle several objects”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-nil</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-NIL</i>

they lie around somewhere, are located somewhere (groups of several, separable and visually countable objects)


naaziid

siziid (perfective singular third-person)
naaziid (perfective plural third-person)
ndaaziid (distributive perfective plural third-person)

na- (atelic, circuital) + -z- (si-perfective 3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -ziid (neuter perfective stem of root -ZIID, “to pour”).

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ziid</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ZIID</i>

they (quantities of pourable material) lie around somewhere, are located somewhere


The ogonek diacritic ⠨ and the letter ⠑ (e)


naalchiʼ

naashchiʼ (first-person imperfective singular)
neiilchiʼ (duoplural first-person imperfective)
nideiilchiʼ (first-person imperfective plural)
nanilchiʼ (imperfective second-person singular)
naołchiʼ (duoplural imperfective second-person)
nidaałchiʼ (imperfective plural second-person)
naalchiʼ (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
nidaalchiʼ (imperfective plural third-person)
nijilchiʼ (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
nidajilchiʼ (fourth-person imperfective plural)
nishishchiʼ (first-person perfective singular)
nishiilchiʼ (duoplural first-person perfective)
nidashiilchiʼ (first-person perfective plural)
nishínílchiʼ (perfective second-person singular)
nishoołchiʼ (duoplural perfective second-person)
nidashoołchiʼ (perfective plural second-person)
naashchiʼ (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
nidaashchiʼ (perfective plural third-person)
nijishchiʼ (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
nidajishchiʼ (fourth-person perfective plural)
ndeeshchiił (first-person future singular)
ndiilchiił (duoplural first-person future)
ndadiilchiił (first-person future plural)
ndíílchiił (future second-person singular)
ndoołchiił (duoplural future second-person)
ndadoołchiił (future plural second-person)
ndoolchiił (duoplural future singular third-person)
ndadoolchiił (future plural third-person)
nizhdoolchiił (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
ndazhdoolchiił (fourth-person future plural)

na- (atelic, circuital) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -l- (classifier) + -chiʼ (continuative imperfective stem of root -CHIʼ, “to squat”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-chiʼ</i>

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-CHIʼ</i>


chʼał niłtólí

chʼał (“frog”) + niłtólí (“it is clear, transparent, crystalline, pure”)


łóóʼyiniʼįįhí

head

łóóʼyiniʼįįhí


Shádiʼááhdę́ę́ʼ chʼał kʼaasdáhígíí

Shádiʼááhdę́ę́ʼ chʼał kʼaasdáhígíí

Shádiʼááhdę́ę́ʼ chʼał kʼaasdáhígíí


niłtsínii bikétłʼóól dijoolí

nv:Niłtsínii bikétłʼóól dijoolí (daadánígíí)


kʼaasdá

form bikʼaasdaʼ (possessive)
sikʼaasdaʼ (first-person singular)
nihikʼaasdaʼ (duoplural first-person)
danihikʼaasdaʼ (first-person plural)
nikʼaasdaʼ (second-person singular)
nihikʼaasdaʼ (duoplural second-person)
danihikʼaasdaʼ (plural second-person)
bikʼaasdaʼ (third-person)
yikʼaasdaʼ (fourth-person)
hakʼaasdaʼ (fourth-person)
akʼaasdaʼ (indefinite)


ałtį́į́ʼ jikʼaashí áłtsʼózígíí

ałtį́į́ʼ jikʼaashí áłtsʼózígíí

ałtį́į́ʼ jikʼaashí áłtsʼózígíí

nv:ałtį́į́ʼ jikʼaashí áłtsʼózígíí (chʼil)


chį́į́h yee adilohii (“elephant”) + bideeʼ (“its tusk”) + tónteel (“sea”) + bibąąh (“its edge”)

Ivory Coast, Côte d'Ivoire (a country in West Africa)

nv:Chį́į́h Yee Adilohii Bideeʼ Tónteel Bibąąh


chį́į́h yee adilohii

chį́į́h yee adilohii (plural chį́į́h yee daʼdilohii)

áchį́į́h (“nose”) + yee (“by means of”) + adiloh (“it is a roper”, from -LOʼ) + -ii (nominalizing suffix).

Tó Dínéeshzheeʼdi chį́į́h yee adilohii łaʼ yiiłtsą́.


Aljííya

nv:Ghą́ą́ʼaskʼidii Biłikahii Bikéyah Ntsaaígíí


nilʼąąh

nishʼąąh (first-person imperfective singular)
niilʼąąh (duoplural first-person imperfective)
daniilʼąąh (first-person imperfective plural)
nílʼąąh (imperfective second-person singular)
nołʼąąh (duoplural imperfective second-person)
danołʼąąh (imperfective plural second-person)
nilʼąąh (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
danilʼąąh (imperfective plural third-person)
jinilʼąąh (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dazhnilʼąąh (fourth-person imperfective plural)
nééshʼąąd (first-person perfective singular)
niilʼąąd (duoplural first-person perfective)
daniilʼąąd (first-person perfective plural)
níínílʼąąd (perfective second-person singular)
noołʼąąd (duoplural perfective second-person)
danoołʼąąd (perfective plural second-person)
néesʼąąd (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
danéesʼąąd (perfective plural third-person)
jinéesʼąąd (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dazhnéesʼąąd (fourth-person perfective plural)

ni- (thematic) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -l- (classifier) + -ʼąąh (imperfective stem of root -ʼĄĄD, “to reach a level”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ʼąąh</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ʼĄĄD</i>

he/she is attaining some level of skill or ability


silá

si- (modal) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -lá (neuter perfective stem of root -LÁ, “to handle a slender flexible object”).

nv-link-to-root

it lies somewhere, is located somewhere (a slender flexible object as a rope, a chain, a belt)

they lie around somewhere, are located somewhere (a pair of objects as shoes, socks, scissors)

it lies somewhere, is located somewhere (object of unknown shape)


chʼééh digháhiitsoh

From chʼééh digháhii (“turtle”) + -tsoh (“big”).


ahąą honinééh

Ahąą honinééhígíí éí London hoolyéedi baa naʼaldeeh


hoolyéedi

From hoolyé (“an area is called”), from ho- (areal deictic pronoun) + wolyé (“it is called”) + -di (“at, in”).


hoolyé

spatial-person imperfective of wolyé: “area is called...”


éélkid

Naʼníʼá Hótsaa hoolyéhígíí, chidí naatʼaʼídę́ę́ʼ éélkid

The place called Page, Arizona, photographed from an airplane.


dziʼizí bee ałhaʼdikááh

Taylor Phinney éí dziʼizí bee ałhaʼdikááh yee atah

Taylor Phinney is competing in the cycling event.

Dziʼizí bee ałhadidookah

Dziʼizí bee ałhadeeskai


naʼałkǫ́ǫ́ʼ yee ałhaʼdikááh

Ryan Lochte éí naʼałkǫ́ǫ́ʼ yee ałhaʼdikááh yee atah

Ryan Lochte is competing in the swimming event.

Naʼałkǫ́ǫ́ʼ yee ałhadidookah

Naʼałkǫ́ǫ́ʼ yee ałhadeeskai


naʼachʼąąh

naʼashchʼąąh (first-person imperfective singular)
naʼiichʼąąh (duoplural first-person imperfective)
nidaʼiichʼąąh (first-person imperfective plural)
naʼíchʼąąh (imperfective second-person singular)
naʼohchʼąąh (duoplural imperfective second-person)
nidaʼohchʼąąh (imperfective plural second-person)
naʼachʼąąh (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
nidaʼachʼąąh (imperfective plural third-person)
niʼjichʼąąh (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
nidaʼjichʼąąh (fourth-person imperfective plural)
niʼshéchʼąąʼ (first-person perfective singular)
niʼshiichʼąąʼ (duoplural first-person perfective)
nidaʼshiichʼąąʼ (first-person perfective plural)
niʼshíníchʼąąʼ (perfective second-person singular)
niʼshoochʼąąʼ (duoplural perfective second-person)
nidaʼshoochʼąąʼ (perfective plural second-person)
naʼazhchʼąąʼ (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
nidaʼazhchʼąąʼ (perfective plural third-person)
niʼjizhchʼąąʼ (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
nidaʼjizhchʼąąʼ (fourth-person perfective plural)
naʼashchʼąąʼ (passive)
niʼdeeshchʼąh (first-person future singular)
niʼdiichʼąh (duoplural first-person future)
nidaʼdiichʼąh (first-person future plural)
niʼdííchʼąh (future second-person singular)
niʼdoohchʼąh (duoplural future second-person)
nidaʼdoohchʼąh (future plural second-person)
niʼdoochʼąh (duoplural future singular third-person)
nidaʼdoochʼąh (future plural third-person)
nizhʼdoochʼąh (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
nidazhʼdoochʼąh (fourth-person future plural)

na- (atelic, circuital) + -ʼa- (unspecified person object prefix) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -chʼąąh (continuative imperfective stem of root -CHʼĄĄʼ, “to decorate”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-chʼąąh</i>

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-CHʼĄĄʼ</i>


ditsxiz

dinistsxiz (first-person imperfective singular)
diniitsxiz (duoplural first-person imperfective)
dadiniitsxiz (first-person imperfective plural)
dinítsxiz (imperfective second-person singular)
dinohtsxiz (duoplural imperfective second-person)
dadinohtsxiz (imperfective plural second-person)
ditsxiz (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
daditsxiz (imperfective plural third-person)
jiditsxiz (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dazhditsxiz (fourth-person imperfective plural)

di- (adjectival) + -∅- (ni-modal 3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -tsxiz (neuter imperfective stem of root -TSIZ, “to tremble”), with emphatic infix -x-.

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-tsxiz</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-TSIZ</i>

nv-link-to-root

(with dah) he/she/it is trembling, shaking (as with fear), quivering


nichįʼ

nishchįʼ (first-person imperfective singular)
niichįʼ (duoplural first-person imperfective)
daniichįʼ (first-person imperfective plural)
níchįʼ (imperfective second-person singular)
nohchįʼ (duoplural imperfective second-person)
danohchįʼ (imperfective plural second-person)
nichįʼ (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
danichįʼ (imperfective plural third-person)
jíchįʼ (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dajíchįʼ (fourth-person imperfective plural)

ni- (modal) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -chįʼ (imperfective stem of root -CHĮʼ, “to be stingy”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-chįʼ</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-CHĮʼ</i>

Baa nichįʼ

He doesn't want to lend it, he keeps it for himself (something of high value).


nidaah

nishdaah (first-person imperfective singular)
niikeeh (duoplural first-person imperfective)
diniibįįh (first-person imperfective plural)
nídaah (imperfective second-person singular)
nohkeeh (duoplural imperfective second-person)
dinohbįįh (imperfective plural second-person)
nidaah (imperfective singular third-person)
nikeeh (duoplural imperfective third-person)
dinibįįh (imperfective plural third-person)
jinidaah (fourth-person imperfective singular)
jinikeeh (duoplural fourth-person imperfective)
dizhnibįįh (fourth-person imperfective plural)
nédá (first-person perfective singular)
neeké (duoplural first-person perfective)
dineebin (first-person perfective plural)
nínídá (perfective second-person singular)
sinooké (duoplural perfective second-person)
disinoobin (perfective plural second-person)
neezdá (perfective singular third-person)
neezké (duoplural perfective third-person)
dineezbin (perfective plural third-person)
jineezdá (fourth-person perfective singular)
jineezké (duoplural fourth-person perfective)
dizhneezbin (fourth-person perfective plural)
dínéeshdaał (first-person future singular)
díníikeeł (duoplural first-person future)
díníibįįł (first-person future plural)
díníídaał (future second-person singular)
dínóohkeeł (duoplural future second-person)
dínóóhbįįł (future plural second-person)
dínóodaał (future singular third-person)
dínóokeeł (duoplural future third-person)
dínóobįįł (future plural third-person)
dízhnóodaał (fourth-person future singular)
dízhnóokeeł (duoplural fourth-person future)
dízhnóobįįł (fourth-person future plural)
náníshdaah (first-person singular)
nániikeeh (duoplural first-person)
ńdiniibįįh (first-person plural)
nánídaah (second-person singular)
nánóhkeeh (duoplural second-person)
ńdinohbįįh (plural second-person)
nánídaah (singular third-person)
náníkeeh (duoplural third-person)
ńdinibįįh (plural third-person)
nánízhdaah (fourth-person singular)
názhníkeeh (duoplural fourth-person)
ńdizhnibįįh (fourth-person plural)
nóshdaah (first-person singular)
nookeeh (duoplural first-person)
dinoobįįh (first-person plural)
nóódaah (second-person singular)
noohkeeh (duoplural second-person)
dinoohbįįh (plural second-person)
nódaah (singular third-person)
nókeeh (duoplural third-person)
dinóbįįh (plural third-person)
jinódaah (fourth-person singular)
jinókeeh (duoplural fourth-person)
dizhnóbįįh (fourth-person plural)

ni- (terminative) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -daah (imperfective stem of root -DÁ, “to sit — 1 actor”)
ni- (terminative) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -keeh (imperfective stem of root -KÉ, “to sit — 2 actors”)
di- (thematic) + -ni- (terminative) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -bįįh (imperfective stem of root -BIN, “to sit — 3 actors”)
Note: The 3+ actors stem takes an additional di-thematic prefix.

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-daah</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-DÁ</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-keeh</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-KÉ</i>

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-bįįh</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-BIN</i>

he/she is sitting down, he/she is moving to a sitting position


Naashgalí

/nɑ̀ːʃkɑ̀lɪ́/

From Spanish mescalero, from mezcal + -ero.


Halgai hóteel hahoodzo

halgai (“prairie”) + hóteel (“it is wide”) + bikéyah (“his country”)


halgai

From ha- (areal) + l- (classifier) + -gai (neuter imperfective stem of root -GAII, “to be white”)

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-gai</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-GAII</i>


hóteel

Atiin hóteel.

spatial-person imperfective of niteel (“an area is wide, broad”)


shichʼil

si- (modal) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -chʼil (neuter perfective stem of root -CHʼIL, “to curl”).

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-chʼil</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-CHʼIL</i>


niidóóh

niidóóh (imperfective singular third-person)
niidoii (perfective singular third-person)

ni- (thematic) + -yi- (transitional) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -dóóh (transitional stem of root -DOII, “to be hot”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-dóóh</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-DOII</i>


béésh ntłʼizígíí

béésh (“metal”) + ntłʼiz (“an object is hard”) + -ígíí (nominalizer)


sitį́

sétį́ (first-person singular)
sínítį́ (second-person singular)
sitį́ (singular third-person)
jiztį́ (fourth-person singular)

si- (modal) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -tį́ (neuter perfective stem of root -TĮ́, “to lie — 1 actor”).

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-tį́</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-TĮ́</i>


yigan

yishgan (first-person imperfective singular)
yiigan (duoplural first-person imperfective)
deiigan (first-person imperfective plural)
nigan (imperfective second-person singular)
wohgan (duoplural imperfective second-person)
daahgan (imperfective plural second-person)
yigan (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
daagan (imperfective plural third-person)
jigan (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dajigan (fourth-person imperfective plural)
ségan (first-person perfective singular)
siigan (duoplural first-person perfective)
dasiigan (first-person perfective plural)
sínígan (perfective second-person singular)
soogan (duoplural perfective second-person)
dasoogan (perfective plural second-person)
sigan (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
daazgan (perfective plural third-person)
jizgan (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dajizgan (fourth-person perfective plural)

y- (peg element) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -gan (conclusive imperfective stem of root -GAN, “to wither”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-gan</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-GAN</i>


tʼáadoo danitʼání íítiʼ

tʼáadoo (“without”) + da- (plural prefix) + nitʼą (“it is ripened”) + -í (nominalizer) + -tiʼ (stem for breaking a brittle object)

Éí atʼééd tʼáadoo danitʼání yiyíítiʼ

That girl shucked the corn before it got ripe.

don't count your chickens before they're hatched (literally, snap off ears of corn before they are ripe)


łichxííʼ

łinishchxííʼ (first-person imperfective singular)
łiniichxííʼ (duoplural first-person imperfective)
dałiniichxííʼ (first-person imperfective plural)
łiníchxííʼ (imperfective second-person singular)
łinohchxííʼ (duoplural imperfective second-person)
dałinohchxííʼ (imperfective plural second-person)
łichxííʼ (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
daalchxííʼ (imperfective plural third-person)
jilchxííʼ (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dajilchxííʼ (fourth-person imperfective plural)

/ɬɪ̀t͡ʃʰxíːʔ/

łi- (adjectival) + -∅- (ni-modal 3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -chííʼ (neuter imperfective stem of root -CHIIʼ, “to be red”), with emphatic infix -x-.
The łi- prefix appears to have originated historically from the -ł- classifier. When this prefix appears immediately in pre-stem position, it takes the shape of a l- classifier.

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-chííʼ</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-CHIIʼ</i>

nv-link-to-root

Díí chʼilátah baa hózhónii éí łichxííʼ.


tó yitsʼǫǫsí

Compound of tó (“water”) + yitsʼǫǫs (“it sucks it”) + -í (nominalizer). Literally, the one which sucks water.


tsin ííʼáhígíí

head

tsin ííʼáhígíí

tsin ííʼáhígíí

tsin (“wood”) + ííʼá (“it sticks up”) + -ígíí (nominalizer)


tó (“water”) + wónaanídę́ę́ʼ (“from the other side”) + Bitsįʼ yishtłizhii (“Indian”) + bikéyah (“their country”) (refers to the other side of the Atlantic Ocean)

nv:Tó Wónaanídę́ę́ʼ Bitsįʼ Yishtłizhii Bikéyah


yishtłizh

y- (peg element) + -s- (si-perfective 3rd person subject prefix) + -d- (classifier) + -tłizh (neuter perfective stem of root -TŁIIZH, “to be dark brown, stained”).
Compare Koyukon tłɨs (“to be crushed”), Sarcee dlish (“be spotted”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-tłizh</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-TŁIIZH</i>

nv-link-to-root

he/she/it is dark brown, dark-skinned, brown-skinned


naalʼeełí naashchʼąąʼígíí

From naalʼeełí (“duck”) + naashchʼąąʼ (“painted, decorated”) + -ígíí (nominalizer)


Naʼiiniʼ bá Hooghantsoh

From naʼiiniʼ (“trade”) + bá (“for it”) + hooghan (“house”) + -tsoh (“big”).


Náátsʼózídę́ę́ʼ naaʼahóóhaitʼą́ʼí

head

Náátsʼózídę́ę́ʼ naaʼahóóhaitʼą́ʼí

Náátsʼózídę́ę́ʼ naaʼahóóhaitʼą́ʼí

nv:Náátsʼózídę́ę́ʼ naaʼahóóhaitʼą́ʼí


chaatʼíní

Rumex acetosa
Rumex acetosa#Translingual


chʼil akʼahí

From chʼil (“vegetable”) + akʼah (“fat”) + -í (nominalizer)


bitseeʼ yee adiłhałii

Apparently from bitseeʼ (“its tail”) + by means of it + adiłhash (“it bites”) + -ii (nominalizer)


chį́į́shnézí

head

chį́į́shnézí


naayízítsʼósí

/nɑ̀ːjɪ́zɪ́t͡sʼósɪ́/


azeeʼ ndootʼeezhí łibáhígíí

azeeʼ (“medicine”) + ndootʼeezh (“strung with beads”) (from -d- (classifier) + -ʼeezh (perfective stem with the meaning of stringing beads or fish)), plus -í (nominalizer) + łibá (“gray”) + -h- (ligature) + -ígíí (nominalizer)

Marrubium vulgare
Marrubium vulgare#Translingual


dáʼákaz łikaní

Saccharum officinarum
Saccharum officinarum#Translingual


shijaaʼ

si- (modal) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -jaaʼ (neuter perfective stem of root -JAAʼ, “to handle a profusion of objects”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-jaaʼ</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-JAAʼ</i>

nv-link-to-root

they lie somewhere, are located somewhere (profusion of small, visually difficult to count objects as sand, seeds or pebbles)


shijaaʼ

shijaaʼ (first-person singular)
nihijaaʼ (duoplural first-person)
danihijaaʼ (first-person plural)
nijaaʼ (second-person singular)
nihijaaʼ (duoplural second-person)
danihijaaʼ (plural second-person)
bijaaʼ (third-person)
yijaaʼ (fourth-person)
hajaaʼ (fourth-person)
ajaaʼ (indefinite)

Shinááʼ, áchį́į́h, azééʼ, shijaaʼ.

Shinááʼ áchį́į́h azééʼ shijaaʼ.


yigháád

yishháád (first-person imperfective singular)
yiigáád (duoplural first-person imperfective)
deiigáád (first-person imperfective plural)
nigháád (imperfective second-person singular)
woháád (duoplural imperfective second-person)
daaháád (imperfective plural second-person)
yigháád (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
deigháád (imperfective plural third-person)
jigháád (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dajigháád (fourth-person imperfective plural)
yígháád (first-person perfective singular)
yiigáád (duoplural first-person perfective)
deiigáád (first-person perfective plural)
yínígháád (perfective second-person singular)
woogháád (duoplural perfective second-person)
daoogháád (perfective plural second-person)
yiyíígháád (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
dayíígháád (perfective plural third-person)
jíígháád (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dajíígháád (fourth-person perfective plural)

y- (3rd person object prefix) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -gháád (repetitive imperfective stem of root -GHÁÁD, “to shake”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-gháád</i>

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-GHÁÁD</i>


yilóós

yisłóós (first-person imperfective singular)
yiidlóós (duoplural first-person imperfective)
deiidlóós (first-person imperfective plural)
nilóós (imperfective second-person singular)
wohłóós (duoplural imperfective second-person)
daahłóós (imperfective plural second-person)
yilóós (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
deilóós (imperfective plural third-person)
jilóós (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dajilóós (fourth-person imperfective plural)
yílóóz (first-person perfective singular)
yiidlóóz (duoplural first-person perfective)
dasiidlóóz (first-person perfective plural)
yínílóóz (perfective second-person singular)
woolóóz (duoplural perfective second-person)
dasoolóóz (perfective plural second-person)
yiyíílóóz (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
deizlóóz (perfective plural third-person)
jíílóóz (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dajizlóóz (fourth-person perfective plural)

y- (3rd person object prefix) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -lóós (imperfective stem of root -LÓÓZ, “to lead — 1 object”).

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-lóós</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-LÓÓZ</i>


yishóósh

yishóósh (first-person imperfective singular)
yiilzhóósh (duoplural first-person imperfective)
deiilzhóósh (first-person imperfective plural)
nishóósh (imperfective second-person singular)
wohshóósh (duoplural imperfective second-person)
daahshóósh (imperfective plural second-person)
yishóósh (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
deishóósh (imperfective plural third-person)
jishóósh (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dajishóósh (fourth-person imperfective plural)
yíshoozh (first-person perfective singular)
yiilzhoozh (duoplural first-person perfective)
deiilzhoozh (first-person perfective plural)
yíníshoozh (perfective second-person singular)
wooshoozh (duoplural perfective second-person)
daooshoozh (perfective plural second-person)
yiyííshoozh (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
dayííshoozh (perfective plural third-person)
jííshoozh (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dajííshoozh (fourth-person perfective plural)

y- (3rd person object prefix) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier, causative) + -zhóósh (imperfective stem of root ZHOOZH, “a profusion of objects streams”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-zhóósh</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">ZHOOZH</i>


yishóósh

first-person singular imperfective of yishóósh


yadiizíní

yadiizį́ (“it stands straight up”) + -n- (ligature) + -í (nominalizer)


náneeskaadítéél

náneeskaadí (“tortilla”) + -téél (imperfective verb stem, to be wide); compare niteel.


bááh nímazí

bááh ("bread") + nímaz ("it is round") + -í (nominalizer)


náneeskaadí

náneeskaad (“it was patted, slapped”) + -í (nominalizer)

slapped bread (referring to the manner in which dough is spun and tossed in the air in order to stretch and shape it)


yidlóóh

yishdlóóh (first-person imperfective singular)
yiidlóóh (duoplural first-person imperfective)
deiidlóóh (first-person imperfective plural)
nidlóóh (imperfective second-person singular)
wohdlóóh (duoplural imperfective second-person)
daahdlóóh (imperfective plural second-person)
yidlóóh (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
daadlóóh (imperfective plural third-person)
jidlóóh (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dajidlóóh (fourth-person imperfective plural)
sisdlí (first-person perfective singular)
siidlí (duoplural first-person perfective)
dasiidlí (first-person perfective plural)
sínídlí (perfective second-person singular)
soohdlí (duoplural perfective second-person)
dasoohdlí (perfective plural second-person)
yisdlí (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
daasdlí (perfective plural third-person)
jisdlí (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dajisdlí (fourth-person perfective plural)

y- (peg element) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -d- (classifier) + -dlóóh (imperfective stem of root -DLÍ, “to freeze”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-dlóóh</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-DLÍ</i>


yisééh

yisééh (first-person imperfective singular)
yiilzééh (duoplural first-person imperfective)
deiilzééh (first-person imperfective plural)
nisééh (imperfective second-person singular)
wohsééh (duoplural imperfective second-person)
daahsééh (imperfective plural second-person)
yisééh (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
deisééh (imperfective plural third-person)
jisééh (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dajisééh (fourth-person imperfective plural)
yísą́ (first-person perfective singular)
yiilzą́ (duoplural first-person perfective)
deiilzą́ (first-person perfective plural)
yínísą́ (perfective second-person singular)
woosą́ (duoplural perfective second-person)
daoosą́ (perfective plural second-person)
yiyíísą́ (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
dayíísą́ (perfective plural third-person)
jíísą́ (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dajíísą́ (fourth-person perfective plural)
deessééł (first-person future singular)
diilsééł (duoplural first-person future)
dadiilsééł (first-person future plural)
díísééł (future second-person singular)
doohsééł (duoplural future second-person)
dadoohsééł (future plural second-person)
yidoosééł (duoplural future singular third-person)
deidoosééł (future plural third-person)
jidoosééł (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
dazhdoosééł (fourth-person future plural)

y- (3rd person object prefix) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier) + -zééh (imperfective stem of root -ZĄ́, “to soften”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-zééh</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ZĄ́</i>


yisééh

first-person singular imperfective form of yisééh


naaltsoos saad bee siʼánígíí

naaltsoos ("book") + saad ("word") + bee ("with it") + siʼą́ ("it is located") + -n- (ligature) + -ígíí (nominalizer)


iijííł

iijííł (imperfective singular third-person)
ííjil (perfective singular third-person)
adoojił (future singular third-person)
anájił (iterative singular third-person)
oojííł (optative singular third-person)

ʼa- (“away”) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -jííł (imperfective stem of root -JIL, “to stick out, to pierce”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-jííł</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-JIL</i>

Baa iijííł.

Hosh shaa ííjil.

it sticks, pierces, penetrates, stabs (a sharp pointed object as a thorn, a needle, a knife, a stick)


dog

thump, dub (sound of a heartbeat; thumping sound of a person walking on the roof of a house as heard by someone in the house)


déyá

first-person singular perfective of dighááh


dighááh

dishááh (first-person imperfective singular)
diitʼaash (duoplural first-person imperfective)
diikááh (first-person imperfective plural)
dínááh (imperfective second-person singular)
dohʼaash (duoplural imperfective second-person)
dohkááh (imperfective plural second-person)
dighááh (imperfective singular third-person)
diʼaash (duoplural imperfective third-person)
dikááh (imperfective plural third-person)
jidighááh (fourth-person imperfective singular)
jidiʼaash (duoplural fourth-person imperfective)
jidikááh (fourth-person imperfective plural)
déyá (first-person perfective singular)
deetʼáázh (duoplural first-person perfective)
deekai (first-person perfective plural)
díníyá (perfective second-person singular)
dishooʼáázh (duoplural perfective second-person)
disoohkai (perfective plural second-person)
deeyá (perfective singular third-person)
deezhʼáázh (duoplural perfective third-person)
deeskai (perfective plural third-person)
jideeyá (fourth-person perfective singular)
jideezhʼáázh (duoplural fourth-person perfective)
jideeskai (fourth-person perfective plural)
dideeshááł (first-person future singular)
didiitʼash (duoplural first-person future)
didiikah (first-person future plural)
didíínááł (future second-person singular)
didoohʼash (duoplural future second-person)
didoohkah (future plural second-person)
didoogááł (future singular third-person)
didooʼash (duoplural future third-person)
didookah (future plural third-person)
jididoogááł (fourth-person future singular)
jididooʼash (duoplural fourth-person future)
jididookah (fourth-person future plural)

di- (inceptive) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) +
* ∅- (classifier) + -ááh (imperfective stem of root -YÁ, “to go, to walk — 1 actor”)
* ∅- (classifier) + -ʼaash (imperfective stem of root -ʼÁÁZH, “to go, to walk — 2 actors”)
* d- (classifier) + -kááh (imperfective stem of root -KAI, “to go, to walk — 3 actors”)

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ááh</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-YÁ</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ʼaash</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ʼÁÁZH</i>

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-kááh</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-KAI</i>

Biiʼndaʼaʼnéhégóó deetʼáázh.

Wááshindoongóó déyá

Naʼnízhoozhígóó deekai

Hoozdohgóósh dishooʼáázh?

(in all modes except in the perfective) he/she starts to go; (in the perfective) he/she has started to go, is about to go, intends to go, is on the way to.

Chʼééh deeyá.

Chʼééh dishááh.

chʼééh chʼééh

(with chʼééh) (imperf.) he/she is getting tired; (perf.) he/she is tired.

Anáhoʼniiłtį́įhgo biniinaa náháshgodę́ę bikʼinídíshdááh.

I stop hoeing again and again because it keeps starting to rain.

(with bikʼi-) he/she quits it, gives it up, discontinues it


biiʼndaʼaʼnéhé

biiʼ (“in, within”) + ndaané (“they are playing”), from naané (“he is playing”)

com

Biiʼndaʼaʼnéhégóó deetʼáázh.


yiską́ągo

Yiską́ągo Tsé Biiʼ Ndzisgaiigóó didoogááł


Tsé Biiʼ Ndzisgaii

tsé (“rocks”) + biiʼ (“in, within”) + noodǫ́ǫ́z (“it is striped”) + łigaii (“it is white”) (white streaks around in the rocks)


niséyá

first-person singular perfect active indicative of naaghá


naayá

third-person singular perfect active indicative of naaghá


tʼáá áhoonííłgóó

head

tʼáá áhoonííłgóó


jiztį́

fourth-person singular perfective of sitį́


joogááł

fourth-person singular imperfective of yigááł (one is going along)


yiniʼįįh

nishʼįįh (first-person imperfective singular)
niitʼįįh (duoplural first-person imperfective)
daniitʼįįh (first-person imperfective plural)
níʼįįh (imperfective second-person singular)
nohʼįįh (duoplural imperfective second-person)
danohʼįįh (imperfective plural second-person)
yiniʼįįh (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
deiniʼįįh (imperfective plural third-person)
jiniʼįįh (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dazhniʼįįh (fourth-person imperfective plural)
néʼį́į́ʼ (first-person perfective singular)
neetʼį́į́ʼ (duoplural first-person perfective)
daneetʼį́į́ʼ (first-person perfective plural)
níníʼį́į́ʼ (perfective second-person singular)
sinooʼį́į́ʼ (duoplural perfective second-person)
dasinooʼį́į́ʼ (perfective plural second-person)
yineezʼį́į́ʼ (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
deineezʼį́į́ʼ (perfective plural third-person)
jineezʼį́į́ʼ (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dazneezʼį́į́ʼ (fourth-person perfective plural)
nánishʼį́į́h (first-person singular)
nániitʼį́į́h (duoplural first-person)
nádaniitʼįįh (first-person plural)
náníʼį́į́h (second-person singular)
nánohʼį́į́h (duoplural second-person)
nádanohʼįįh (plural second-person)
náyiniʼį́į́h (duoplural singular third-person)
nádeiniʼįįh (plural third-person)
názhníʼį́į́h (duoplural fourth-person singular)
nádazhniʼįįh (fourth-person plural)

y- (3rd person object prefix) + -ni- (thematic) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -ʼįįh (conclusive imperfective stem of root -ʼĮ́Į́ʼ, “to steal”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ʼįįh</i>

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ʼĮ́Į́ʼ</i>


bééshbiiʼkǫǫʼítsoh

From béésh (“metal”) + biiʼ (“inside it”) + kǫʼ (“fire”) + -í (nominalizer) + -tsoh (“big”).

power plant, generating station, power station (coal-powered)


atsiniltłʼish bá hooghan

atsiniltłʼish (“electricity”) + bá (“for it”) + hooghan (“house”)

power plant, generating station, power station (general term)


dzílí bíláshgaan

dzílí (“hawk”) + bi- (“its”) + áláshgaan (“claw”)

Erodium cicutarium
Erodium cicutarium#Translingual


béégashii bichaan

béégashii (“cow”) + bi- (“its”) + chąąʼ (“feces”)


taʼagháliitsʼóóz

wooly locoweed, purple locoweed, crazyweed (Astragalus mollissimus), a milkvetch.


bíígháán dahólónígíí

bi- (“its”) + íígháán (“backbone”) + da- (plural marker) + hólǫ́ (“it exists”) + -ígíí (nominalizer)


naʼashjéʼii jáádnézí

naʼashjéʼii (“spider”) + jáád (“leg”) + -neez (“to be long, tall”) + -í (“nominalizer”)


chʼosh bíígháán ádaadinígíí

chʼosh (“bug”) + bi- (“its”) + íígháán (“backbone”) + da- (plural marker) + ádin (“it is absent”) + -ígíí (nominalizer)


tłʼoh waaʼí nahalinígíí

From tłʼoh (“grass”) + waaʼ (“beeweed, spinach”) + -í (nominalizer) + nahalin (“it looks like”) + -ígíí (nominalizer).


łóóʼ bigaan neeznání

łóóʼ (“fish”) + bi- (3rd person possessive) + agaan (“arms”) + neeznáá (“ten”) + -í (nominalizer)


wóóneeshchʼįįdii nahachaʼígíí

From wóóneeshchʼįįdii (“locust”) + nahachaʼ (“it is hopping”) + -ígíí (nominalizer)


chʼosh bijáád tseebíhígíí

chʼosh (“insect”) + bijáád (“its legs”) + tseebíí (“eight”) + -ígíí (nominalizer)


łóóʼtʼą́hí

nv:łóóʼtʼą́hí


tłʼézhii

horsefly; more specifically, members of family Tabanidae


łį́į́ʼ bitsísʼná

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łį́į́ʼ bitsísʼná

łį́į́ʼ bitsísʼná

Compound of łį́į́ʼ (“horse, livestock”) + bi- (“third-person possessive prefix”) + tsísʼná (“bee, stinging insect”).

compound

botfly, horsefly; more specifically, members of family Oestridae

nv:łį́į́ʼ bitsísʼná


chʼosh łitsxooí

chʼosh (“insect”) + łitsxooí (“orange”).


tábąąsdísí

/tʰɑ́pɑ̃̀ːstɪ́sɪ́/


łóóʼ bíchį́į́h nineezí

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łóóʼ bíchį́į́h nineezí

łóóʼ bíchį́į́h nineezí

From łóóʼ (“fish”) + bíchį́į́h (“its nose”) + nineez (“it is long”) + -í (nominalizer).


shash bizaʼazis hólóní

/ʃɑ̀ʃ pɪzɑʔɑzɪs xólónɪ́kɪ́ɪ́/


tłʼiish bikʼós niteelígíí

From tłʼiish (“snake”) + bikʼos (“neck”) + niteel (“it is broad”) + -ígíí (nominalizer)


naʼashjéʼii bijéí dah łichíiʼii

From naʼashjéʼii (“spider”) + bijéí (“its thorax”) + up, at an elevation + łichííʼ (“it is red”) + -ii (nominalizer)


kiyąąh sizíní

Literally, the one who is standing/propped against the house, from kin (“house”) + yąąh (“alongside it”) + sizį́ (“she stands”) + -í (nominalizer)

Shizhanéʼé kiyąąh sizíní shíká nóotááł

I’m in luck, she's "leaning up against the house", looking everywhere for me!

(vulgar) prostitute, whore, streetwalker, slut


yąąh

shąąh (first-person singular)
nihąąh (duoplural first-person)
nąąh (second-person singular)
nihąąh (duoplural second-person)
bąąh (third-person)
yąąh (fourth-person)
hąąh (fourth-person)
ąąh (fourth-person singular)
ádąąh (reflexive singular)
ahąąh (duoplural reciprocal)


atʼaʼ yiltʼąąʼí

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atʼaʼ yiltʼąąʼí

atʼaʼ yiltʼąąʼí


chʼilzooł

/t͡ʃʼɪ̀lzòːɬ/


tsídii naʼałkǫ́ʼígíí

From tsídii (“bird”) + naʼałkǫ́ǫ́ʼ (“it swims”) + -ígíí (nominalizer).


ałtaʼneetsʼéhiitsʼóóz

licorice (specifically the plant American licorice (Glycyrrhiza lepidota))


akʼah sisíʼí tsin

From akʼah (“fat”) + sisííʼ (“to be cool like mint”) + -í (nominalizer) + tsin (“wood”).


téliichoʼí

télii (“burro”) + choʼ (“testicles”) + -í (nominalizer)


táłtłʼááh chʼoshtsoh chʼééh digháhii

From táłtłʼááh (“at the bottom of the water”) + chʼoshtsoh (“cockroach”) + chʼééh digháhii (“turtle, tortoise”)


táłtłʼááh chʼééh digháhii

táłtłʼááh (“the bottom of the water”) + chʼééh digháhii (“turtle”)


tsídii bidaatsoh naashchʼąąʼí

tsídii (“bird”) + bidaaʼ (“its beak”) + tsoh (“big”) + naashchʼąąʼ (“painted”) + -í (nominalizer)


tsídii yáłtiʼí yázhí

tsídii yáłtiʼí (“parrot”) + yázhí (“little, small”)

parakeet, budgerigar, lorikeet, fig parrot (the Loriinae)


iʼiiʼnííł bijį́

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iʼiiʼnííł bijį́

iʼiiʼnííł bijį́

Yiską́o iʼiiʼnííł bijį́


iʼiiʼnííł

Dííjį́ éí iʼiiʼnííł. Adaʼdiiyohnił!

Today is election day. Go cast your ballots! (said to three or more people)

Iʼiiʼnííł! Ílį́įgo átʼé!


chąąneiłmaasii

From chąąʼ (“dung”) + neiłmaas (“it is rolling it around”) + -ii (nominalizer)


tsídii bitseeʼ naashchʼąąʼí

From tsídii (“bird”) + bitseeʼ (“its tail”) + naashchʼąąʼ (“painted”) + -í (nominalizer)


dééłtsoh

Ardeotis kori
Ardeotis kori#Translingual


naalʼeełí bidaatsʼózí

Apparently from naalʼeełí (“duck”) + bidaaʼ (“its beak”) + ditsʼoz (“it is long-haired”) + -í (nominalizer)


tó wónaanídę́ę́ʼ toohjįʼ noołnahii

tó (“water”) + wónaanídę́ę́ʼ (“from the other side”) + toohjįʼ noołnahii (“great blue heron”) (refers to the other side of the Atlantic Ocean)


biłʼéʼélʼíní

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biłʼéʼélʼíní

/pɪ̀ɬ.ʔɛ́.ʔɛ́l.ʔɪ́.nɪ́/

nv:biłʼéʼélʼíní


łóóʼ hashkéhétsoh

From łóóʼ hashkéhé (“shark”) + -tsoh (“big”)

af

łóóʼ hashkéhé


shash nátʼoh

Tribulus terrestris
Tribulus terrestris#Translingual


Béésh Bichʼahii beʼakétłʼóól dijoolí

/péːʃ pɪ̀t͡ʃʼɑ̀hìː pɛ̀ʔɑ̀kʰɛ́t͡ɬʼóːl tɪ̀t͡ʃòːlɪ́/


mágí binááʼtsohígíí

mágí (“monkey”) + binááʼ (“its eyes”) + -tsoh (“big”) + -ígíí (nominalizer)


wónikǫsí

From wó- (“insect, bug”) + ni- (modal) + -kǫs (from -KĘ́Ę́Z, “stick-like object moves”) + -í (nominalizer).


hazéí naatʼáʼii

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hazéí naatʼáʼii (plural hazéí ndaatʼáʼii)


shash naʼazísí

From shash (“bear”) + naʼazísí (“mole; gopher”).


hóółtseiigi naʼatsʼǫǫsí

hóółtsei (“dry”) + naʼatsʼǫǫsí (“mouse”).


wónitłʼizí

wó- (“insect, bug”) + ntłʼiz (“it is hard, stiff, brittle”), from ni- (prefix that forms neuter imperfectives) + -tłʼiz (verb stem, to be hard), + -í (nominalizer).


łikizh

łinishkizh (first-person imperfective singular)
łiniikizh (duoplural first-person imperfective)
dałiniikizh (first-person imperfective plural)
łiníkizh (imperfective second-person singular)
łinohkizh (duoplural imperfective second-person)
dałinohkizh (imperfective plural second-person)
łikizh (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
daalkizh (imperfective plural third-person)
jilkizh (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dajilkizh (fourth-person imperfective plural)

łi- (adjectival) + -∅- (ni-modal 3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -kizh (neuter imperfective stem of root -KIIZH, “to be spotted”).
The łi- prefix appears to have originated historically from the -ł- classifier. When this prefix appears immediately in pre-stem position, it takes the shape of a l- classifier.

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-kizh</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-KIIZH</i>


tóidoozohii bidaaʼ łigaaígíí

Fulica americana
Fulica americana#Translingual


atʼééké bijish yázhí

atʼééké (“girls”) + bijish (“their pouch”) + yázhí (“little”)


Náátsʼózídę́ę́ʼ naalʼeełí

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Náátsʼózídę́ę́ʼ naalʼeełí

Náátsʼózídę́ę́ʼ naalʼeełí


Náátsʼózí

binááʼ (“their eyes”) + -tsʼósí (“narrow”)

Asian people (especially Chinese or Japanese)


naayééʼ tsídiitsoh

From naayééʼ (“dinosaur”) + tsídiitsoh (“ostrich”)


atsáłgaii

From atsá (“eagle”) + łigai (“white”) + -ii (nominalizing suffix).

rough-legged buzzard
rough-legged buzzard


aniłtʼánii biyázhí

From aniłtʼánii (“antlion”) + biyázhí (“its offspring”)


naalʼeełítsoh bitsiiʼ halzhinígíí

From naalʼeełí (“goose”) + -tsoh (“big”) + bitsiiʼ (“its head”) + halzhin (“black”) + -ígíí (nominalizer)


tó (“water”) + wónaanídę́ę́ʼ (“from the other side”) + naalʼeełí (“goose”) + -tsoh (“big”) + łibá (“it is gray”) + -h- (ligature) + -ígíí (nominalizer) (refers to the other side of the Atlantic Ocean)

nv:tó wónaanídę́ę́ʼ naalʼeełítsoh łibáhígíí


nv:naʼashǫ́ʼii łóóʼ atsiniltłʼish ííłʼínígíí


atsiniltłʼish ííłʼínígíí

From atsiniltłʼish (“lightning, electricity”) + ííłʼíní + -ígíí (nominalizer)

nv:Atsiniltłʼish ííłʼíinii (naʼashǫ́ʼii łóóʼ)


bikʼehgo

bikʼeh (“according to it/him/her”) + -go (adverbial suffix)


bikʼeh

shikʼeh (first-person singular)
nihikʼeh (duoplural first-person)
nikʼeh (second-person singular)
nihikʼeh (duoplural second-person)
bikʼeh (third-person)
yikʼeh (fourth-person)
hakʼeh (fourth-person)
akʼeh (fourth-person singular)
ákʼeh (reflexive singular)
ałkʼeh (duoplural reciprocal)
ahiłkʼeh (duoplural reciprocal)

according to it/him/her; in accordance with it/him/her


yiyání

From yiyą́ (“he eats it”) + -í (nominalizer).


tsibąąs yee alzhishí

From tsibąąs (“hoop”) + yee (“wooden”) + alzhish (“he/she is dancing”) + -í (nominalizer)


diʼil

dinishʼil (first-person imperfective singular)
diniitʼil (duoplural first-person imperfective)
dadiniitʼil (first-person imperfective plural)
diníʼil (imperfective second-person singular)
dinohʼil (duoplural imperfective second-person)
dadinohʼil (imperfective plural second-person)
diʼil (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
dadiʼil (imperfective plural third-person)
jidiʼil (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dazhdiʼil (fourth-person imperfective plural)

di- (adjectival) + -∅- (ni-modal 3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -ʼil (neuter imperfective stem of root -ʼIL, “to be hairy”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ʼil</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ʼIL</i>


ditsʼoz

di- (adjectival) + -∅- (ni-modal 3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -tsʼoz (neuter imperfective stem of root -TSʼOZ, “to be long-haired”).

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-tsʼoz</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-TSʼOZ</i>

ééʼ daditsʼozii

it is long-haired (such as an angora goat)


Binááʼ Ádaałtsʼózí bichʼil łigaií

/pɪ̀nɑ́ːʔ ʔɑ́tɑ̀ːɬt͡sʼózɪ́ pɪ̀t͡ʃʼɪ̀l ɬɪ̀kɑ̀ǐː/

binááʼ (“his eyes”) + ádaałtsʼózí (“they are slender”) (i.e. Japan) + bi- (3rd person possessive) + chʼil (“vegetable”) + łigai (“white”) + -í (nominalizer)


naniseʼ

naniseʼ (imperfective plural singular third-person)
ndaniseʼ (distributive imperfective plural third-person)
naneeseʼ (perfective plural singular third-person)
ndaneeseʼ (distributive perfective plural third-person)
ndínóoseeł (future plural singular third-person)
ndadínóoseeł (distributive future plural third-person)

na- (atelic, circuital) + -ni- (thematic) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier) + -yeʼ (continuative imperfective stem of root -YĄ́, “to grow”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-yeʼ</i>

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-YĄ́</i>

Kwii nátʼoh ndaniseʼ.

(The distributive form ndaniseʼ refers to plants) plants grow here and there


achʼiish

ashchʼiish (first-person imperfective singular)
iichʼiish (duoplural first-person imperfective)
daʼiichʼiish (first-person imperfective plural)
íchʼiish (imperfective second-person singular)
ohchʼiish (duoplural imperfective second-person)
daʼohchʼiish (imperfective plural second-person)
achʼiish (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
daʼachʼiish (imperfective plural third-person)
ajichʼiish (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
daʼjichʼiish (fourth-person imperfective plural)
ííchʼiizh (first-person perfective singular)
iichʼiizh (duoplural first-person perfective)
daʼiichʼiizh (first-person perfective plural)
ííníchʼiizh (perfective second-person singular)
oochʼiizh (duoplural perfective second-person)
daʼoochʼiizh (perfective plural second-person)
ííchʼiizh (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
daʼííchʼiizh (perfective plural third-person)
ajííchʼiizh (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
daʼjííchʼiizh (fourth-person perfective plural)

ʼa- (unspecified person object prefix) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -chʼiish (imperfective stem of root -CHʼIIZH, “to abrade”)

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-chʼiish</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-CHʼIIZH</i>


hodíłchʼil jeeshóóʼ

Sarcoramphus papa
Sarcoramphus papa#Translingual


aheełtʼé

ahinishtʼé (first-person imperfective singular)
ahiniiltʼé (duoplural first-person imperfective)
ahidaniiltʼé (first-person imperfective plural)
ahiníłtʼé (imperfective second-person singular)
ahinołtʼé (duoplural imperfective second-person)
ahidanołtʼé (imperfective plural second-person)
aheełtʼé (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
ahidaałtʼé (imperfective plural third-person)
ahijíłtʼé (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
ahidajíłtʼé (fourth-person imperfective plural)

/ʔɑ̀hèːɬtʼɛ́/

ʼah- (reciprocal) + -ee- (ni-modal 3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier) + -tʼé (neuter imperfective stem of root -TʼEʼ, “to be”)

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-tʼé</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-TʼEʼ</i>


sháńdíín náyiiláhí

Apparently from sháńdíín (“sunlight”) + náyiilááh (“it is gathering them”) + -í (nominalizer)


naaztání

Gleditsia triacanthos
Gleditsia triacanthos#Translingual


kʼaalógii bitʼaʼ disxǫsgo łikizhígíí

From kʼaalógii (“butterfly”) + bitʼaʼ (“its wing”) + disxǫs (“it glitters”) + -go (adverbial suffix) + łikizh (“it glitters”) + -ígíí (nominalizer)


jádí bíchį́į́htsohígíí

From jádí (“pronghorn”) + bíchį́į́h (“its snout”) + -tsoh (“big”) + -ígíí (nominalizer)


hiTSʼezh

From hiiłos (“Internet”) + atsʼéézh (“pod”).


dlǫ́ʼátsoh

From dlǫ́ǫ́ʼ (“prairie dog”) + á- (echo of the preceding vowel) + -tsoh (“big”).


head

nv:Chʼah diʼilii bikéyahdę́ę́ʼ mósí ałchinígíí


táłkááʼ tsʼin bíchį́į́hnézí

táłkááʼ tsʼin bíchį́į́hnézí

táłkááʼ tsʼin bíchį́į́hnézí

táłkááʼ (“on the surface of the water”) + tsʼin (“bone”) + bíchį́į́h (“its nose”) + nineez (“it is long”) + -í (nominalizer)


kʼiishzhinii

Compound of kʼish (“alder”) + łizhin (“black”) + -ii (nominalizer).


atsiighąąʼ

atsiiʼ (“head”) + ghąąʼ (“top, summit, back”). Compare ííshgháán (“backbone”)


bíniʼ

shíniʼ (first-person singular)
nihíniʼ (duoplural first-person)
danihíniʼ (first-person plural)
níniʼ (second-person singular)
nihíniʼ (duoplural second-person)
danihíniʼ (plural second-person)
bíniʼ (third-person)
yíniʼ (fourth-person)
hániʼ (fourth-person)
ániʼ (indefinite)

Shíniʼ kintahgóó deeshááł.


atsiighaʼ

sitsiighaʼ (first-person singular)
nihitsiighaʼ (duoplural first-person)
danihitsiighaʼ (first-person plural)
nitsiighaʼ (second-person singular)
nihitsiighaʼ (duoplural second-person)
danihitsiighaʼ (plural second-person)
bitsiighaʼ (third-person)
yitsiighaʼ (fourth-person)
hatsiighaʼ (fourth-person)
atsiighaʼ (indefinite)

/ʔɑ̀t͡sʰìːɣɑ̀ʔ/

From atsiiʼ (“hair (on the head)”) + aghaaʼ (“fur”).


naatʼaʼ

naatʼaʼ (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
nidaatʼaʼ (imperfective plural third-person)
naastʼaʼ (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
nidaastʼaʼ (perfective plural third-person)
nidootʼah (duoplural future singular third-person)
nidadootʼah (future plural third-person)

na- (atelic, circuital) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -d- (classifier, thematic) + -tʼaʼ (continuative imperfective stem of root -TʼAʼ, “to fly”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-tʼaʼ</i>

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-TʼAʼ</i>

Shił naatʼaʼ.

I fly around on it. (lit. It flies around with me)

to fly around (a bird or an airplane); (in the perfective) to make a round-trip flying


hosh yiyání

cactus longhorn beetle
cactus longhorn beetle


tsisteeł hashkéhé

From tsisteeł (“turtle”) + hashké (“it is angry”) + -é (nominalizer)


yiltsą́

yistsą́ (first-person perfective singular)
yiiltsą́ (duoplural first-person perfective)
deiiltsą́ (first-person perfective plural)
yíníltsą́ (perfective second-person singular)
wołtsą́ (duoplural perfective second-person)
daałtsą́ (perfective plural second-person)
yiltsą́ (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
daaltsą́ (perfective plural third-person)
jooltsą́ (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dajooltsą́ (fourth-person perfective plural)

y- (peg element) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -l- (classifier) + -tsą́ (neuter perfective stem of root -TSĄĄD, “to be pregnant”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-tsą́</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-TSĄĄD</i>


yidąąh

yidąąh (imperfective singular third-person)
yídąąd (perfective singular third-person)
doodąął (future singular third-person)

y- (peg element) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -dąąh (imperfective stem of root -DĄĄD, “spring passes”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-dąąh</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-DĄĄD</i>


yishééh

yishééh (first-person imperfective singular)
yiilzhééh (duoplural first-person imperfective)
deiilzhééh (first-person imperfective plural)
nishééh (imperfective second-person singular)
wohshééh (duoplural imperfective second-person)
daahshééh (imperfective plural second-person)
yishééh (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
deishééh (imperfective plural third-person)
jishééh (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dajishééh (fourth-person imperfective plural)
yíshaʼ (first-person perfective singular)
yiilzhaʼ (duoplural first-person perfective)
deiilzhaʼ (first-person perfective plural)
yíníshaʼ (perfective second-person singular)
wooshaʼ (duoplural perfective second-person)
daooshaʼ (perfective plural second-person)
yiyííshaʼ (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
dayííshaʼ (perfective plural third-person)
jííshaʼ (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dajííshaʼ (fourth-person perfective plural)

y- (3rd person object prefix) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier, causative) + -zhééh (imperfective stem of root -ZHAʼ, “to be curved”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-zhééh</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ZHAʼ</i>

he/she is flipping it somewhere (as with the point of a stick)


yishééh

yishééh (first-person imperfective singular)
yiilzhééh (duoplural first-person imperfective)
deiilzhééh (first-person imperfective plural)
nishééh (imperfective second-person singular)
wohshééh (duoplural imperfective second-person)
daahshééh (imperfective plural second-person)
yishééh (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
deishééh (imperfective plural third-person)
jishééh (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dajishééh (fourth-person imperfective plural)
yíshééʼ (first-person perfective singular)
yiilzhééʼ (duoplural first-person perfective)
deiilzhééʼ (first-person perfective plural)
yíníshééʼ (perfective second-person singular)
wooshééʼ (duoplural perfective second-person)
daooshééʼ (perfective plural second-person)
yiyííshééʼ (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
dayííshééʼ (perfective plural third-person)
jííshééʼ (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dajííshééʼ (fourth-person perfective plural)
deeshshih (first-person future singular)
diilzhih (duoplural first-person future)
dadiilzhih (first-person future plural)
dííshih (future second-person singular)
doohshih (duoplural future second-person)
dadoohshih (future plural second-person)
yidooshih (duoplural future singular third-person)
deidooshih (future plural third-person)
jidooshih (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
dazhdooshih (fourth-person future plural)

y- (3rd person object prefix) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier) + -zhééh (imperfective stem of root -ZHÉÉʼ, “to shave”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ZHÉÉʼ</i>

Nitsiighá ná deeshshih.

he/she is shaving it, mowing it (grass), cutting it (hair)


yishééh

first-person singular imperfective form of yishééh


yízííd

nisííd (first-person imperfective singular)
niidzííd (duoplural first-person imperfective)
daniidzííd (first-person imperfective plural)
nízííd (imperfective second-person singular)
nohsííd (duoplural imperfective second-person)
danohsííd (imperfective plural second-person)
yízííd (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
deízííd (imperfective plural third-person)
jízííd (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dajízííd (fourth-person imperfective plural)
níziid (first-person perfective singular)
niidziid (duoplural first-person perfective)
daniidziid (first-person perfective plural)
yíníziid (perfective second-person singular)
nooziid (duoplural perfective second-person)
danooziid (perfective plural second-person)
yiníziid (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
deiziid (perfective plural third-person)
jiníziid (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dajiziid (fourth-person perfective plural)

y- (3rd person object prefix) + -◌́- (ni-modal 3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -zííd (imperfective stem of root -ZIID, “to pour”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-zííd</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ZIID</i>

Gohwééh shaa nízííd yaʼ?

Lą́ʼąąʼ, łaʼ naa nisííd.

Náníbaaʼ tó łaʼ shaa yízííd.


ahééh

Baa ahééh nisin, díidí ― I am grateful for this here.

Baa ahééh níńzin.


akʼéí

akʼéíyóó (plural)
shikʼéí (first-person singular)
nihikʼéí (duoplural first-person)
danihikʼéí (first-person plural)
nikʼéí (second-person singular)
nihikʼéí (duoplural second-person)
danihikʼéí (plural second-person)
bikʼéí (third-person)
yikʼéí (fourth-person)
hakʼéí (fourth-person)
akʼéí (indefinite)

a- (indefinite possessive pronoun, someone's) + kʼé (“peace, friendship”) + -í (nominalizer)

Yáʼátʼééh shikʼéí dóó shidineʼé

Audio: (file) — Greetings to my kin and to my people. (formal but intimate expression for greeting a large group at the start of a speech)

kin, kinsman, kinfolk, relatives (by blood or by the maternal or paternal clan lines)


ntsaago áłah aleeh

ntsaago áłah azlį́į́ʼ

there was a conference; the convention was held


áłah aleeh

From áłah (“together”) and aleeh (unspecified person imperfective of yileeh, “to become”).

áłah azlį́į́ʼ

conference, convention, meeting, assembly


Dzaanééz

From the noun dzaanééz (“donkey”), after the symbol of the Democratic Party.

Dzaanééz éí Náhookǫsjí Kééláanah hahoodzodi ntsaago áłah azlį́į́ʼ.

The Democratic National Convention was held in North Carolina.


Dzaanééz Nahatʼá Bee Dah Ooldah

dzaanééz (“mule”) + nahatʼá (“plan, idea”) + bee (“by means of it”) + dah (“up”) + ooldah (“many gather together”)


yiyiizoh

yiisoh (first-person imperfective singular)
yiidzoh (duoplural first-person imperfective)
deiidzoh (first-person imperfective plural)
yiizoh (imperfective second-person singular)
woohsoh (duoplural imperfective second-person)
daoohsoh (imperfective plural second-person)
yiyiizoh (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
dayiizoh (imperfective plural third-person)
jiizoh (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dajiizoh (fourth-person imperfective plural)
sézoh (first-person perfective singular)
siidzoh (duoplural first-person perfective)
dasiidzoh (first-person perfective plural)
sínízoh (perfective second-person singular)
soozoh (duoplural perfective second-person)
dasoozoh (perfective plural second-person)
yizoh (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
deizoh (perfective plural third-person)
jizoh (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dajizoh (fourth-person perfective plural)
yisdzoh (passive)

y- (3rd person object prefix) + -yi- (semelfactive) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -zoh (semelfactive imperfective stem of root -ZO, “to mark”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-zoh</i>

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ZO</i>


yiyiiłhash

yiishhash (first-person imperfective singular)
yiilghash (duoplural first-person imperfective)
deiilghash (first-person imperfective plural)
yiiłhash (imperfective second-person singular)
woołhash (duoplural imperfective second-person)
daoołhash (imperfective plural second-person)
yiyiiłhash (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
dayiiłhash (imperfective plural third-person)
jiiłhash (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dajiiłhash (fourth-person imperfective plural)
shéłhash (first-person perfective singular)
shiilghash (duoplural first-person perfective)
dashiilghash (first-person perfective plural)
shíníłhash (perfective second-person singular)
shoołhash (duoplural perfective second-person)
dashoołhash (perfective plural second-person)
yishhash (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
deishhash (perfective plural third-person)
jishhash (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dajishhash (fourth-person perfective plural)
deeshhash (first-person future singular)
diilghash (duoplural first-person future)
dadiilghash (first-person future plural)
dííłhash (future second-person singular)
doołhash (duoplural future second-person)
dadoołhash (future plural second-person)
yidoołhash (duoplural future singular third-person)
deidoołhash (future plural third-person)
jidoołhash (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
dazhdoołhash (fourth-person future plural)

y- (3rd person object prefix) + -yi- (semelfactive) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier) + -ghash (semelfactive imperfective stem of root -GHAZH, “to bite”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ghash</i>

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-GHAZH</i>

he/she is biting him/her/it once, giving him/her/it a bite


yiʼį́

yishʼį́ (first-person singular)
yiitʼį́ (duoplural first-person)
deiitʼį́ (first-person plural)
niʼį́ (second-person singular)
wohʼį́ (duoplural second-person)
daahʼį́ (plural second-person)
yiʼį́ (duoplural singular third-person)
deiʼį́ (plural third-person)
jiʼį́ (duoplural fourth-person singular)
dajiʼį́ (fourth-person plural)
yishʼį́į́h (first-person imperfective singular)
yiitʼį́į́h (duoplural first-person imperfective)
deiitʼį́į́h (first-person imperfective plural)
niʼį́į́h (imperfective second-person singular)
wohʼį́į́h (duoplural imperfective second-person)
daahʼį́į́h (imperfective plural second-person)
yiʼį́į́h (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
deiʼį́į́h (imperfective plural third-person)
jiʼį́į́h (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dajiʼį́į́h (fourth-person imperfective plural)
yíʼįįd (first-person perfective singular)
yiitʼįįd (duoplural first-person perfective)
deiitʼįįd (first-person perfective plural)
yíníʼįįd (perfective second-person singular)
wooʼįįd (duoplural perfective second-person)
daooʼįįd (perfective plural second-person)
yiyííʼįįd (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
dayííʼįįd (perfective plural third-person)
jííʼįįd (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dajííʼįįd (fourth-person perfective plural)
séʼįįd (first-person perfective singular)
siitʼįįd (duoplural first-person perfective)
dasiitʼįįd (first-person perfective plural)
síníʼįįd (perfective second-person singular)
sooʼįįd (duoplural perfective second-person)
dasooʼįįd (perfective plural second-person)
yizʼįįd (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
deizʼįįd (perfective plural third-person)
jizʼįįd (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dajizʼįįd (fourth-person perfective plural)

y- (3rd person object prefix) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -ʼį́ (neuter imperfective stem of root -ʼĮĮD, “to dislike”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ʼį́</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ʼĮĮD</i>

Diné ayóo dashiʼį́.

he/she dislikes it, opposes it, is unable to stand it

Shimá nátʼoh shąąh yiʼį́.

(with bąąh) he/she is against it for him/her, deprives him/her from it, keeps him/her from doing it


nahatʼá

Chį́į́h Yee Adilohii Nahatʼá Bee Dah Ooldah


yiyiilįh

yiishłįh (first-person imperfective singular)
yiidlįh (duoplural first-person imperfective)
deiidlįh (first-person imperfective plural)
yiilįh (imperfective second-person singular)
woohłįh (duoplural imperfective second-person)
daoohłįh (imperfective plural second-person)
yiyiilįh (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
dayiilįh (imperfective plural third-person)
jiilįh (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dajiilįh (fourth-person imperfective plural)
sélįh (first-person perfective singular)
siidlįh (duoplural first-person perfective)
dasiidlįh (first-person perfective plural)
sínílįh (perfective second-person singular)
soolįh (duoplural perfective second-person)
dasoolįh (perfective plural second-person)
yizlįh (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
deizlįh (perfective plural third-person)
jizlįh (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dajizlįh (fourth-person perfective plural)
deeshłįh (first-person future singular)
diiłįh (duoplural first-person future)
dadiiłįh (first-person future plural)
dííłįh (future second-person singular)
doohłįh (duoplural future second-person)
dadoohłįh (future plural second-person)
yidoołįh (duoplural future singular third-person)
deidoołįh (future plural third-person)
jidoołįh (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
dazhdoołįh (fourth-person future plural)

y- (3rd person object prefix) + -yi- (semelfactive) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier) + -nih (semelfactive imperfective stem of root -NIIH, “to taste”).
Classifier and stem initial undergo special combination: -ł- + -nih = -lįh.

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-nih</i>

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-NIIH</i>


yidiséí

diséí (first-person imperfective singular)
diilzéí (duoplural first-person imperfective)
dadiilzéí (first-person imperfective plural)
díséí (imperfective second-person singular)
dohséí (duoplural imperfective second-person)
dadohséí (imperfective plural second-person)
yidiséí (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
deidiséí (imperfective plural third-person)
jidiséí (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dazhdiséí (fourth-person imperfective plural)
dííséí (first-person perfective singular)
diilzéí (duoplural first-person perfective)
dadiilzéí (first-person perfective plural)
dííníséí (perfective second-person singular)
dooséí (duoplural perfective second-person)
dadooséí (perfective plural second-person)
yidííséí (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
deidííséí (perfective plural third-person)
jidííséí (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dazhdííséí (fourth-person perfective plural)
dideesséí (first-person future singular)
didiilzéí (duoplural first-person future)
dadidiilzéí (first-person future plural)
didííséí (future second-person singular)
didoohséí (duoplural future second-person)
dadidoohséí (future plural second-person)
yididooséí (duoplural future singular third-person)
deididooséí (future plural third-person)
dizhdooséí (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
dazhdidooséí (fourth-person future plural)

y- (3rd person object prefix) + -di- (thematic) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier, causative) + -zéí (imperfective stem of root -ZÉÍ, “to crumble”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-zéí</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ZÉÍ</i>

he/she is crumbling it, breaking it into crumbs


yishǫǫh

yishǫǫh (first-person imperfective singular)
yiilzhǫǫh (duoplural first-person imperfective)
deiilzhǫǫh (first-person imperfective plural)
nishǫǫh (imperfective second-person singular)
wohshǫǫh (duoplural imperfective second-person)
daahshǫǫh (imperfective plural second-person)
yishǫǫh (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
deishǫǫh (imperfective plural third-person)
jishǫǫh (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dajishǫǫh (fourth-person imperfective plural)
yíshǫǫd (first-person perfective singular)
yiilzhǫǫd (duoplural first-person perfective)
deiilzhǫǫd (first-person perfective plural)
yíníshǫǫd (perfective second-person singular)
wooshǫǫd (duoplural perfective second-person)
daooshǫǫd (perfective plural second-person)
yiyííshǫǫd (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
dayííshǫǫd (perfective plural third-person)
jííshǫǫd (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dajííshǫǫd (fourth-person perfective plural)

y- (3rd person object prefix) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier, causative) + -zhǫǫh (imperfective stem of root -ZHǪǪD, “to be nice, peaceful”).

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-zhǫǫh</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ZHǪǪD</i>

he/she is taming it, pacifying him/her/it


yishǫǫh

first-person singular imperfective form of yishǫǫh


alą́ąjįʼ dahsidáhígíí

alą́ąjįʼ (“ahead, in front”) + dah (“elevated”) + sidá (“he is sitting”) + -ígíí (nominalizer).

Wááshindoon Alą́ąjįʼ Dahsidáhígíí


gohwééh hashtłʼishí

Gohwééh hashtłʼishí ayóo shił łikan


chʼosh chʼééh digháhii

chʼosh (“bug”) + chʼééh digháhii (“turtle”)

nv:Chʼosh chʼééh digháhii dóó Chʼoshłóóʼ


yoołbįįh

wooshbįįh (first-person imperfective singular)
yiilbįįh (duoplural first-person imperfective)
deiilbįįh (first-person imperfective plural)
yiniłbįįh (imperfective second-person singular)
woołbįįh (duoplural imperfective second-person)
daoołbįįh (imperfective plural second-person)
yoołbįįh (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
dayoołbįįh (imperfective plural third-person)
joołbįįh (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dajoołbįįh (fourth-person imperfective plural)
yiséłbą́ (first-person perfective singular)
yisiilbą́ (duoplural first-person perfective)
deisiilbą́ (first-person perfective plural)
yisíníłbą́ (perfective second-person singular)
yisoołbą́ (duoplural perfective second-person)
deisoołbą́ (perfective plural second-person)
yoosbą́ (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
dayoosbą́ (perfective plural third-person)
joosbą́ (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dajoosbą́ (fourth-person perfective plural)

y- (3rd person object prefix) + -oo- (meaning unclear, combining form of yini- in the 3rd person) + -ł- (classifier) + -bįįh (imperfective stem of root -BĄ́, “to win”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-bįįh</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-BĄ́</i>


yinóʼááh

nóshʼááh (first-person imperfective singular)
niitʼááh (duoplural first-person imperfective)
daniitʼááh (first-person imperfective plural)
níníʼááh (imperfective second-person singular)
nohʼááh (duoplural imperfective second-person)
danohʼááh (imperfective plural second-person)
yinóʼááh (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
deinóʼááh (imperfective plural third-person)
jinóʼááh (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dajinóʼááh (fourth-person imperfective plural)
nííʼaaʼ (first-person perfective singular)
niitʼaaʼ (duoplural first-person perfective)
daniitʼaaʼ (first-person perfective plural)
nííníʼaaʼ (perfective second-person singular)
nooʼaaʼ (duoplural perfective second-person)
danooʼaaʼ (perfective plural second-person)
yinííʼaaʼ (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
deineezʼaaʼ (perfective plural third-person)
jinííʼaaʼ (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dazhneezʼaaʼ (fourth-person perfective plural)

y- (3rd person object prefix) + -nó- (thematic) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -ʼááh (imperfective stem of root -ʼAAʼ, “to trick”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ʼááh</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ʼAAʼ</i>

he/she is luring him/her/it somewhere, tricking him/her/it into going somewhere


Ashdlaʼajį́ Ndaʼanish

ashdlaʼa jį́ (“for five days”) + ndaʼanish (“they work”), from naanish (“work”) + da- (“plural marker”)


yiyiiłgąsh

yiishgąsh (first-person imperfective singular)
yiilgąsh (duoplural first-person imperfective)
deiilgąsh (first-person imperfective plural)
yiiłgąsh (imperfective second-person singular)
woołgąsh (duoplural imperfective second-person)
daoołgąsh (imperfective plural second-person)
yiyiiłgąsh (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
dayiiłgąsh (imperfective plural third-person)
jiiłgąsh (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dajiiłgąsh (fourth-person imperfective plural)
shéłgąsh (first-person perfective singular)
shiilgąsh (duoplural first-person perfective)
dashiilgąsh (first-person perfective plural)
shíníłgąsh (perfective second-person singular)
shoołgąsh (duoplural perfective second-person)
dashoołgąsh (perfective plural second-person)
yishgąsh (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
deishgąsh (perfective plural third-person)
jishgąsh (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dajishgąsh (fourth-person perfective plural)
deeshgąsh (first-person future singular)
diilgąsh (duoplural first-person future)
dadiilgąsh (first-person future plural)
dííłgąsh (future second-person singular)
doołgąsh (duoplural future second-person)
dadoołgąsh (future plural second-person)
yidoołgąsh (duoplural future singular third-person)
deidoołgąsh (future plural third-person)
jidoołgąsh (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
dazhdoołgąsh (fourth-person future plural)

y- (3rd person object prefix) + -yi- (semelfactive) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier) + -gąsh (semelfactive imperfective stem of root -GĄĄZH, “to bewitch”).

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-gąsh</i>

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-GĄĄZH</i>

he/she is casting a spell on him/her/it, bewitching him/her/it


yiyiiłchxosh

yiishchxosh (first-person imperfective singular)
yiilchxosh (duoplural first-person imperfective)
deiilchxosh (first-person imperfective plural)
yiiłchxosh (imperfective second-person singular)
woołchxosh (duoplural imperfective second-person)
daoołchxosh (imperfective plural second-person)
yiyiiłchxosh (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
dayiiłchxosh (imperfective plural third-person)
jiiłchxosh (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dajiiłchxosh (fourth-person imperfective plural)
shéłchxosh (first-person perfective singular)
shiilchxosh (duoplural first-person perfective)
dashiilchxosh (first-person perfective plural)
shíníłchxosh (perfective second-person singular)
shoołchxosh (duoplural perfective second-person)
dashoołchxosh (perfective plural second-person)
yishchxosh (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
deishchxosh (perfective plural third-person)
jishchxosh (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dajishchxosh (fourth-person perfective plural)

y- (3rd person object prefix) + -yi- (semelfactive) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier) + -chosh (semelfactive imperfective stem of root -CHOZH, “to pop”), with emphatic infix -x-.

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-chosh</i>

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-CHOZH</i>


yiniisííł

niisííł (first-person imperfective singular)
niilzííł (duoplural first-person imperfective)
daniilzííł (first-person imperfective plural)
niisííł (imperfective second-person singular)
noohsííł (duoplural imperfective second-person)
danoohsííł (imperfective plural second-person)
yiniisííł (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
deiniisííł (imperfective plural third-person)
jiniisííł (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dazhniisííł (fourth-person imperfective plural)
niisiil (first-person perfective singular)
niilziil (duoplural first-person perfective)
daniilziil (first-person perfective plural)
ninisiil (perfective second-person singular)
noosiil (duoplural perfective second-person)
danoosiil (perfective plural second-person)
yiniisiil (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
deiniisiil (perfective plural third-person)
jiniisiil (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dazhniisiil (fourth-person perfective plural)

y- (3rd person object prefix) + -ni- (thematic) + -yi- (transitional) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier) + -zííł (transitional imperfective stem of root -ZIIL, “to be warm”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-zííł</i>

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ZIIL</i>


ké deigo nineezí

head

ké deigo nineezí (plural ké deigo danineezí)

From ké (“shoe”) + deigo (“upwards”) + nineez (“it is long”) + -í (nominalizer)


deigo

dei (“up, upward”) + -go (adverbial suffix)


ké ndootsʼosii bikétal nineezí

head

ké ndootsʼosii bikétal nineezí (plural ké ndootsʼosii bikétal danineezí)

ké ndootsʼosii bikétal danineezí (plural)


ké bikétal nineezígíí

ké bikétal nineezígíí (plural ké bikétal danineezígíí)

From ké (“shoe”) + bikétal (“its heel”) + nineez (“it is tall/long”) + -ígíí (nominalizer)


chidí bikéeʼjįʼ adeezʼáhí

chidí (“automobile”) + bikééʼ (“behind it”) + -jįʼ (“against it”) + adeezʼá (“something extends”) + -h- (ligature) + -í (nominalizer)


ntsaago

From nitsaa (“it is large”) + -go (adverbial suffix).


Náhookǫsjí Kééláanah hahoodzo

/nɑ́hòːkʰõ̀st͡ʃɪ́ kʰéːlɑ̂ːnɑ̀h hɑ̀hòːt͡sò/

From náhookǫs (“north”) + -jí (on the side of) + English Carolina + hahoodzo (“state”).


head

Chį́į́h Yee Adilohii Nahatʼá Bee Dah Ooldah

chį́į́h yee adilohii (“elephant”) + nahatʼá (“plan, idea”) + bee (“by means of it”) + dah (“up”) + ooldah (“many gather together”)


náshdóí bizaʼazis hólóní

/nɑ́ʃtóɪ́ pɪzɑʔɑzɪs xólónɪ́kɪ́ɪ́/

From náshdóí (“lynx”) + bizaʼazis hólónígíí (“marsupial”).


ditłʼo

di- (adjectival) + -∅- (ni-modal 3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -tłʼo (neuter imperfective stem of root -TŁʼO, “to be hairy”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-tłʼo</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-TŁʼO</i>

it is hairy (as a dog, sheep, etc.), hirsute


Élábéemah hahoodzo

/ʔɛ́lɑ́pêːmɑ̀h hɑ̀hòːt͡sò/

From English Alabama (from Alabama Albaamaha) + hahoodzo (“state”).


Hakʼaz Dineʼé Bikéyah

Hakʼaz Dineʼé (“Eskimo”) + bikéyah (“their country”)


Áákinsoo hahoodzo

/ɑ́ːkʰɪ̀nsòː hɑ̀hòːt͡sò/

From English Arkansas (from French Arcansas, probably from Siouan) + hahoodzo (“state”).


Kanédikiʼ hahoodzo

/kʰɑ̀nɛ́tɪ̀kʰɪ̀ʔ hɑ̀hòːt͡sò/

From English Connecticut (from Mahican quinnitukqut (“at the long tidal river”)) + hahoodzo (“state”).


Déláwee hahoodzo

/tɛ́lɑ́wèː hɑ̀hòːt͡sò/

From English Delaware + hahoodzo (“state”).


Gah Bikeeʼ Taah Yíʼáhí

From gah (“rabbit”) + bi- (3rd person possessive) + ké (“foot”) + taah (“into water”) + yíʼá (“it extends”) + -h- (ligature) + -í (nominalizer).


Jóojah

/t͡ʃôːt͡ʃɑ̀h/

Georgia (A transcontinental country in the Caucasus region of Europe and Asia, on the coast of the Black Sea, often considered to belong politically to Europe)


Jóojah hahoodzo

/t͡ʃôːt͡ʃɑ̀h hɑ̀hòːt͡sò/

From English Georgia + hahoodzo (“state”).

Georgia (a state in the Southern United States)


Hawáai hahoodzo

/hɑ̀wɑ̂ːɪ̀ hɑ̀hòːt͡sò/

From English Hawaii + hahoodzo (“state”).


Nímasii Kʼidadilyéhé Hahoodzo

From nímasii (“potatoes”) + kʼidadilyé (“they are planted”) + -h- (ligature) + -é (nominalizer) + hahoodzo (“state”).


Ílínóo hahoodzo

/ʔɪ́lɪ́nôː hɑ̀hòːt͡sò/

From English Illinois (from a French adaptation of an Algonquian (perhaps Ojibwe) name derived from Miami irenwe·wa (“he speaks the regular way”)) + hahoodzo (“state”).


Índíʼyéenah hahoodzo

/ʔɪ́ntɪ́ʔjêːnɑ̀h hɑ̀hòːt͡sò/

From English Indiana + hahoodzo (“state”).


Áawah hahoodzo

/ʔɑ̂ːwɑ̀h hɑ̀hòːt͡sò/

From English Iowa (from French Aiouez, from Dakota ayúxba (“sleepy ones”)) + hahoodzo (“state”).


Kénsis hahoodzo

/kʰɛ́nsɪ̀s hɑ̀hòːt͡sò/

From English Kansas + hahoodzo (“state”).


Kentákii hahoodzo

/kʰɛ̀ntɑ́kʰìː hɑ̀hòːt͡sò/

From English Kentucky (possibly from an Iroquoian word) + hahoodzo (“state”).


Liwíízíʼéenah Hahoodzo

/lɪ̀wíːzɪ́ʔêːnɑ̀h hɑ̀hòːt͡sò/

From English Louisiana (from French Louisiane) + hahoodzo (“state”).


Wóód Áalin hahoodzo

/wôːt ɑ̂ːlɪ̀n hɑ̀hòːt͡sò/

From English Rhode Island (from Dutch Roode Eylandt (literally “red island”) + hahoodzo (“state”).


Oohááyoo hahoodzo

/òːhɑ́ːjòː hɑ̀hòːt͡sò/

From English Ohio (from Seneca ohi:yo:h (“good river”)) + hahoodzo (“state”).


Óogin hahoodzo

/ôːkɪ̀n hɑ̀hòːt͡sò/

From English Oregon + hahoodzo (“state”).


Pénsówéíniyah hahoodzo

/pʰɛ́nsówɛ́ɪ́nɪ̀jɑ̀h hɑ̀hòːt͡sò/

From English Pennsylvania + hahoodzo (“state”).


Áshįįh biiʼtó hahoodzo

áshįįh (“salt”) + biiʼ (“in it”) + tó (“water”) + hahoodzo (“state”)


Bimááʼ hahoodzo

From English Vermont + hahoodzo (“state”).


Bijíniyah Hahoodzo

From English Virginia + hahoodzo (“state”).


Ténésii hahoodzo

/tʰɛ́nɛ́sìː hɑ̀hòːt͡sò/

From English Tennessee (from Cherokee ᏔᎾᏏ (tanasi)) + hahoodzo (“state”).


Wááshindoon hahoodzo

/wɑ́ːʃɪ̀ntòːn hɑ̀hòːt͡sò/

From English Washington + hahoodzo (“state”).


Eʼeʼaahjí Bijíniyah Hahoodzo

/ʔɛ̀ʔɛ̀ʔɑ̀ːht͡ʃɪ́ pɪ̀t͡ʃɪ́nɪ̀jɑ̀h hɑ̀hòːt͡sò/

From eʼeʼaahjí (“western”) + English Virginia + hahoodzo (“state”).


Wiskaansin hahoodzo

/wɪ̀skʰɑ̀ːnsɪ̀n hɑ̀hòːt͡sò/

From English Wisconsin (from Miami meskonsing (“it lies red”)) + hahoodzo (“state”).


Shádiʼááhjí Kééláanah hahoodzo

/ʃɑ́tɪ̀ʔɑ́ːht͡ʃɪ́ kéːlɑ̂ːnɑ̀h hɑ̀hòːt͡sò/

From shádiʼááhjí (“southern”) + English Carolina + hahoodzo (“state”).


deezʼá

di- (inceptive) + -si- (modal) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -ʼá (neuter perfective stem of root -ʼÁ, “to extend”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ʼá</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ʼÁ</i>

Táaʼgo deezʼá.

it extends, it lies, it sticks (such as an elongated ridge, bluff, a mountain, a pole, the lines of a polygon, or other slender stiff objects [SFO]) .


Niijéízii hahoodzo

/nìːt͡ʃɛ́ɪ́zìː hɑ̀hòːt͡sò/

From English New Jersey + hahoodzo (“state”).


Niihémpshoo hahoodzo

/nìːhɛ́mpʰʃòː hɑ̀hòːt͡sò/

From English New Hampshire + hahoodzo (“state”).


Nabeeskah hahoodzo

/nɑ̀pèːskʰɑ̀h hɑ̀hòːt͡sò/

From English Nebraska (from Chiwere Ñí Bráhge or Omaha-Ponca Ní Btháska (literally “flat water”)) + hahoodzo (“state”).


Máánteenah hahoodzo

/mɑ́ːntʰèːnɑ̀h hɑ̀hòːt͡sò/

From English Montana (from Spanish montaña (“mountain”)) + hahoodzo (“state”).


Mísísípii hahoodzo

/mɪ́sɪ́sɪ́pʰìː hɑ̀hòːt͡sò/

From English Mississippi (from Ojibwe misi-ziibi (“great river”)) + hahoodzo (“state”).


Mínisóodah hahoodzo

/mɪ́nɪ̀sôːtɑ̀h hɑ̀hòːt͡sò/

From English Minnesota (from Lakota mní sóta (literally “cloudy water”)) + hahoodzo (“state”).


Míshigin hahoodzo

/mɪ́ʃɪ̀kɪ̀n hɑ̀hòːt͡sò/

From English Michigan (from Ojibwe mishigami (“great lake”)) + hahoodzo (“state”).


Méésíchóoshish hahoodzo

/méːsɪ́t͡ʃôːʃɪ̀ʃ hɑ̀hòːt͡sò/

From English Massachusetts (from Massachusett mishe, missi, mass- (“great”), wadchu, -adchu (“mountain”), -et (“place”)) + hahoodzo (“state”).


Méelin hahoodzo

/mêːlɪ̀n hɑ̀hòːt͡sò/

From English Maryland + hahoodzo (“state”).


Méíin hahoodzo

/mɛ́îːn hɑ̀hòːt͡sò/

From English Maine (from French Maine, from Gaulish) + hahoodzo (“state”).


yiyiigis

yiisgis (first-person imperfective singular)
yiigis (duoplural first-person imperfective)
deiigis (first-person imperfective plural)
yiigis (imperfective second-person singular)
woohgis (duoplural imperfective second-person)
daoohgis (imperfective plural second-person)
yiyiigis (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
dayiigis (imperfective plural third-person)
jiigis (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dajiigis (fourth-person imperfective plural)
ségis (first-person perfective singular)
siigis (duoplural first-person perfective)
dasiigis (first-person perfective plural)
sínígis (perfective second-person singular)
soogis (duoplural perfective second-person)
dasoogis (perfective plural second-person)
yizgis (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
deizgis (perfective plural third-person)
jizgis (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dajizgis (fourth-person perfective plural)

y- (3rd person object prefix) + -yi- (semelfactive) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -gis (semelfactive imperfective stem of root -GIZ, “to wash”).

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<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-gis</i>

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-GIZ</i>

he/she is washing it (something permeable)


yólgę́ę́zh

yíníshgę́ę́zh (first-person imperfective singular)
yíníilgę́ę́zh (duoplural first-person imperfective)
deíníilgę́ę́zh (first-person imperfective plural)
yínílgę́ę́zh (imperfective second-person singular)
yínółgę́ę́zh (duoplural imperfective second-person)
deínółgę́ę́zh (imperfective plural second-person)
yólgę́ę́zh (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
dayólgę́ę́zh (imperfective plural third-person)
jólgę́ę́zh (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dajólgę́ę́zh (fourth-person imperfective plural)

y- (3rd person object prefix) + -ó- (“directed at”, combining form of yíní- in the 3rd person) + -l- (classifier) + -gę́ę́zh (neuter imperfective stem of root -GĘ́Ę́ZH, “to stare”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-gę́ę́zh</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-GĘ́Ę́ZH</i>


yiyiiłhał

yiishhał (first-person imperfective singular)
yiilghał (duoplural first-person imperfective)
deiilghał (first-person imperfective plural)
yiiłhał (imperfective second-person singular)
woołhał (duoplural imperfective second-person)
daoołhał (imperfective plural second-person)
yiyiiłhał (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
dayiiłhał (imperfective plural third-person)
jiiłhał (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dajiiłhał (fourth-person imperfective plural)
séłhał (first-person perfective singular)
siilghał (duoplural first-person perfective)
dasiilghał (first-person perfective plural)
síníłhał (perfective second-person singular)
soołhał (duoplural perfective second-person)
dasoołhał (perfective plural second-person)
yisxał (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
deisxał (perfective plural third-person)
jisxał (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dajisxał (fourth-person perfective plural)


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nv:naadoobooʼíinii bíchį́į́h sǫʼ nahalinígíí


ba-

Postpositional prefix occurring in conjunction with di- in themes related to exhaustion, completion
► Navajo terms prefixed with ba- (postpositional)


sodilzin

sodiszin (first-person imperfective singular)
sodiilzin (duoplural first-person imperfective)
sodadiilzin (first-person imperfective plural)
sodílzin (imperfective second-person singular)
sodołzin (duoplural imperfective second-person)
sodadołzin (imperfective plural second-person)
sodilzin (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
sodadilzin (imperfective plural third-person)
sozhdilzin (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
sodazhdilzin (fourth-person imperfective plural)
sodeeszin (first-person perfective singular)
sodiilzin (duoplural first-person perfective)
sodadiilzin (first-person perfective plural)
sodíínílzin (perfective second-person singular)
sodoołzin (duoplural perfective second-person)
sodadoołzin (perfective plural second-person)
sodoolzin (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
sodadoolzin (perfective plural third-person)
sozhdoolzin (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
sodazhdoolzin (fourth-person perfective plural)
sodeeszįįd (first-person perfective singular)
sodiilzįįd (duoplural first-person perfective)
sodadiilzįįd (first-person perfective plural)
sodíínílzįįd (perfective second-person singular)
sodoołzįįd (duoplural perfective second-person)
sodadoołzįįd (perfective plural second-person)
sodoolzįįd (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
sodadoolzįįd (perfective plural third-person)
sozhdoolzįįd (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
sodazhdoolzįįd (fourth-person perfective plural)
sodideeszįįł (first-person future singular)
sodidiilzįįł (duoplural first-person future)
sodadidiilzįįł (first-person future plural)
sodidíílzįįł (future second-person singular)
sodidoołzįįł (duoplural future second-person)
sodadidoołzįįł (future plural second-person)
sodidoolzįįł (duoplural future singular third-person)
sodadidoolzįįł (future plural third-person)
sozhdidoolzįįł (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
sodazhdidoolzįįł (fourth-person future plural)

so- (thematic) + -di- (thematic) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -l- (classifier) + -yin (durative imperfective stem of root -YĮĮD, “to be holy”).
Classifier and stem initial undergo special combination: -l- + -yį́į́h = -zį́į́h

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<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-yin</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-YĮĮD</i>


bąąhági átʼéii

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bąąhági átʼéii (plural bąąhági ádaatʼéii)


bąąhági áhátʼį́

bąąhági áhátʼį́

bąąhági áhátʼį́


áhátʼį́

áhátʼį́ (imperfective singular third-person)
áhátʼįįh (imperfective singular third-person)
mom áhátʼįįh (imperfective singular third-person)
áhóótʼįįd (perfective singular third-person)
áhodoonííł (future singular third-person)
ánáhootʼįįh (iterative singular third-person)
áhóneʼ (optative singular third-person)

ʼá- (“thus”) + -ho- (“space, area, things”) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -d- (classifier) + -į́ (durative imperfective stem of root -ʼĮĮD, “to make, to act”)

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-į́</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ʼĮĮD</i>


Bóhólníihii

bóhólnííh (“he is in authority”) + -ii (nominalizing suffix)


átʼéego

ayóó átʼéego


ayóó átʼéego

ayóo (“exceedingly”) + átʼé (“it is”) + -go (adverbial suffix)


yi-

amá (“one's mother”) + yi- → yimá (“his/her/its/their mother”)


yi-

sh- + -cha + yi- → yishcha (“I'm crying”)

A peg element added to 1st person singular and third person ∅-imperfective verbs to fit syllable shape restraints


yi-

yish- (first-person progressive singular)
yii- (duoplural first-person progressive)
deíníi- (first-person plural progressive)
yí- (progressive second-person singular)
woh- (duoplural progressive second-person)
deínoh- (plural progressive second-person)
yi- (duoplural progressive singular third-person)
deí- (plural progressive third-person)
joo- (duoplural fourth-person progressive singular)
dají- (fourth-person plural progressive)
deesh- (first-person future singular)
dii- (duoplural first-person future)
dadii- (first-person future plural)
yí- (future second-person singular)
díí- (duoplural future second-person)
dadoo- (future plural second-person)
doo- (duoplural future singular third-person)
dadoo- (future plural third-person)
jidoo- (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
dazhdoo- (fourth-person future plural)

-DLOʼ (“to laugh”) + yi- → yidloh (“he/she/it is smiling”)


yi-

Alternative form of hi-, used after dzi-, position IV prefixes, and V prefixes


náátsʼíílid

Derivation unknown. Possibly related with the root -LID (“to burn”).

Náátsʼíílid haʼnaa ninítʼiʼ


Damóo dóó Naakijį́

Damóo (“Sunday”) + dóó (“and”) + naaki (“two”) + jį́ (“day”)