naʼídíłkid

naʼídíshkid (first-person imperfective singular)
naʼídíilkid (duoplural first-person imperfective)
naʼídadíilkid (first-person imperfective plural)
naʼídíłkid (imperfective second-person singular)
naʼídółkid (duoplural imperfective second-person)
naʼídadółkid (imperfective plural second-person)
naʼídíłkid (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
naʼídadíłkid (imperfective plural third-person)
naʼízhdíłkid (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
naʼídazhdíłkid (fourth-person imperfective plural)
naʼídééłkid (first-person perfective singular)
naʼídíilkid (duoplural first-person perfective)
naʼídadíilkid (first-person perfective plural)
naʼídííníłkid (perfective second-person singular)
naʼídóołkid (duoplural perfective second-person)
naʼídadóołkid (perfective plural second-person)
naʼídééłkid (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
naʼídadééłkid (perfective plural third-person)
naʼízhdééłkid (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
naʼídazhdééłkid (fourth-person perfective plural)

na- (“across”) + -ʼa- (unspecified person object prefix) + -í- (“against, reaching”) + -di- (“oral”) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier) + -kid (repetitive imperfective stem of root -KID, “to ask”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-kid</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-KID</i>

he/she is asking a question, making an inquiry

second-person singular imperfective of naʼídíłkid


naazką́

siką́ (perfective singular third-person)
naazką́ (perfective plural third-person)
ndaazką́ (distributive perfective plural third-person)

na- (atelic, circuital) + -z- (si-perfective 3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -ką́ (neuter perfective stem of root -KĄ́, “to handle matter in an open container”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ką́</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-KĄ́</i>

nv-link-to-root

they lie around somewhere, are located somewhere (matter in open containers as glasses of water, dishes of food)


naaztą́

sitą́ (perfective singular third-person)
naaztą́ (perfective plural third-person)
ndaaztą́ (distributive perfective plural third-person)

na- (atelic, circuital) + -z- (si-perfective 3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -tą́ (neuter perfective stem of root -TĄ́, “to handle a slender stiff object”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-tą́</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-TĄ́</i>

nv-link-to-root

they lie around somewhere, are located somewhere (slender stiff objects as sticks)


yíchííł

yíchííł (imperfective singular third-person)
ńchííl (perfective singular third-person)

y- (peg element) + -◌́- (ni-modal 3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -chííł (imperfective stem of root -CHÍÍL, “to snow”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-chííł</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-CHÍÍL</i>


yoołkááł

yi- (“night passes”) + -oo- (yi-progressive 3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier) + -kááł (progressive stem of root -KĄ́, “night passes”).
yi- (“night, dawn”) + yi- (progressive mode prefix) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier) + -kááł (progressive verb stem)

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-kááł</i>

June 25, 2025go yoołkááł

tááʼtsʼáadahgóó yoołkááł dííshjį́, Ndaʼiiníísh


yíhoołʼaah

bóhooshʼaah (first-person imperfective singular)
bíhwiilʼaah (duoplural first-person imperfective)
bídahwiilʼaah (first-person imperfective plural)
bóhoołʼaah (imperfective second-person singular)
bíhoołʼaah (duoplural imperfective second-person)
bídahoołʼaah (imperfective plural second-person)
yíhoołʼaah (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
yídahoołʼaah (imperfective plural third-person)
bíhojiiłʼaah (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
bídahojiiłʼaah (fourth-person imperfective plural)
bíhoołʼą́ą́ʼ (first-person perfective singular)
bíhwiilʼą́ą́ʼ (duoplural first-person perfective)
bídahwiilʼą́ą́ʼ (first-person perfective plural)
bíhwiiniłʼą́ą́ʼ (perfective second-person singular)
bíhoołʼą́ą́ʼ (duoplural perfective second-person)
bídahoołʼą́ą́ʼ (perfective plural second-person)
yíhoołʼą́ą́ʼ (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
yídahoołʼą́ą́ʼ (perfective plural third-person)
bíhojiiłʼą́ą́ʼ (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
bídahojiiłʼą́ą́ʼ (fourth-person perfective plural)
bíhwiideeshʼááł (first-person future singular)
bíhwiidiilʼááł (duoplural first-person future)
bídahwiidiilʼááł (first-person future plural)
bíhwiidííłʼááł (future second-person singular)
bíhwiidoołʼááł (duoplural future second-person)
bídahwiidoołʼááł (future plural second-person)
yíhwiidoołʼááł (duoplural future singular third-person)
yídahwiidoołʼááł (future plural third-person)
bíhwiizhdoołʼááł (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
bídahwiizhdoołʼááł (fourth-person future plural)
bínáhooshʼááh (first-person singular)
bínáhwiilʼááh (duoplural first-person)
bínádahwiilʼááh (first-person plural)
bínáhoołʼááh (second-person singular)
bínáhoołʼááh (duoplural second-person)
bínádahoołʼááh (plural second-person)
yínáhoołʼááh (duoplural singular third-person)
yínádahoołʼááh (plural third-person)
bínáhojiiłʼááh (duoplural fourth-person singular)
bínádahojiiłʼááh (fourth-person plural)
bíhooshʼááł (first-person singular)
bíhoolʼááł (duoplural first-person)
bídahoolʼááł (first-person plural)
bíhoółʼááł (second-person singular)
bíhoołʼááł (duoplural second-person)
bídahoołʼááł (plural second-person)
yíhoołʼááł (duoplural singular third-person)
yídahoołʼááł (plural third-person)
bíhojoołʼááł (duoplural fourth-person singular)
bídahojoołʼááł (fourth-person plural)

/jɪ́hòːɬʔɑ̀ːh/

b- (thematic) + -í- (“against, reaching”) + -ho- (“space, area, things”) + -yi- (transitional) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier) + -ʼaah (transitional imperfective stem of root -ʼĄ́Ą́ʼ, “to learn”)

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ʼaah</i>

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ʼĄ́Ą́ʼ</i>

Ayóogo Diné bizaad bóhooshʼaah.

I am really learning the Navajo language.

Bilagáana haashį́į́ néelą́ą́ʼ Diné bizaad yídahoołʼaah.

There is an undetermined number of Anglos studying Navajo.


bóhooshʼaah

/póhòːʃʔɑ̀ːh/

first-person singular imperfective of yíhoołʼaah


ííníshtaʼ

/ʔíːnɪ́ʃtʰɑ̀ʔ/

first-person singular imperfective of ółtaʼ


hainiłchaad

hanishchaad (first-person imperfective singular)
haniilchaad (duoplural first-person imperfective)
hadaniilchaad (first-person imperfective plural)
haníłchaad (imperfective second-person singular)
hanołchaad (duoplural imperfective second-person)
hadanołchaad (imperfective plural second-person)
hainiłchaad (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
hadeiniłchaad (imperfective plural third-person)
hazhniłchaad (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
hadazhniłchaad (fourth-person imperfective plural)
hanííłchaad (first-person perfective singular)
haniilchaad (duoplural first-person perfective)
hadaniilchaad (first-person perfective plural)
hanííníłchaad (perfective second-person singular)
hanoołchaad (duoplural perfective second-person)
hadanoołchaad (perfective plural second-person)
hainííłchaad (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
hadeineeshchaad (perfective plural third-person)
hazhnííłchaad (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
hadazhneeshchaad (fourth-person perfective plural)
hadínéeshchał (first-person future singular)
hadíníilchał (duoplural first-person future)
hadadíníilchał (first-person future plural)
hadínííłchał (future second-person singular)
hadínóołchał (duoplural future second-person)
hadadínóołchał (future plural second-person)
haidínóołchał (duoplural future singular third-person)
hadeidínóołchał (future plural third-person)
hazhdínóołchał (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
hadazhdínóołchał (fourth-person future plural)

/hɑ̀ɪ̀nɪ̀ɬt͡ʃʰɑ̀ːt/

ha- (“up out”) + -y- (3rd person object prefix) + -ni- (“round shape”) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier) + -chaad (imperfective stem of root -CHAAD, “to swell”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-chaad</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-CHAAD</i>

he/she is carding wool, is making it fluffy


nantłʼah

nanitłʼah (alternative)
nantłʼa (alternative)

/nɑ̀nt͡ɬʼɑ̀h/

na- (atelic, circuital) + -ni- (thematic) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -tłʼah (continuative imperfective stem of root -TŁʼAH, “to be left-handed”)

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-tłʼah</i>

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-TŁʼAH</i>

shił nantłʼah

Diné bizaad doo nantłʼah da

Díí gohwééh nił nantłʼah nidlą́


nishłį́

first-person singular imperfective of nilį́


naazyį́

siyį́ (perfective singular third-person)
naazyį́ (perfective plural third-person)
ndaazyį́ (distributive perfective plural third-person)

na- (atelic, circuital) + -z- (si-perfective 3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -yį́ (neuter perfective stem of root -YĮ́, “to handle loads, packs, burdens”).

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-yį́</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-YĮ́</i>

nv-link-to-root

they (loads or packs) lie around somewhere, are located somewhere

they (bodies of water) lie around somewhere, are located somewhere


nídízííd

Alternative spelling of ńdízííd: a month passes, is going by


naazhjaaʼ

shijaaʼ (perfective singular third-person)
naazhjaaʼ (perfective plural third-person)
ndaazhjaaʼ (distributive perfective plural third-person)

na- (atelic, circuital) + -z- (si-perfective 3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -jaaʼ (neuter perfective stem of root -JAAʼ, “to handle a profusion of objects”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-jaaʼ</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-JAAʼ</i>

nv-link-to-root

they lie around somewhere, are located somewhere (groups of profusion of small, visually difficult to count objects as sand, seeds or pebbles)


naʼałkǫ́ǫ́ʼ

nv-conj-block

<u>Paradigm</u>: Continuative (∅/si).
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naʼashkǫ́ǫ́ʼ (first-person imperfective singular)
naʼiilkǫ́ǫ́ʼ (duoplural first-person imperfective)
ndaʼiilkǫ́ǫ́ʼ (first-person imperfective plural)
naʼíłkǫ́ǫ́ʼ (imperfective second-person singular)
naʼołkǫ́ǫ́ʼ (duoplural imperfective second-person)
ndaʼołkǫ́ǫ́ʼ (imperfective plural second-person)
naʼałkǫ́ǫ́ʼ (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
ndaʼałkǫ́ǫ́ʼ (imperfective plural third-person)
nʼjiłkǫ́ǫ́ʼ (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
ndaʼjiłkǫ́ǫ́ʼ (fourth-person imperfective plural)
niʼséłkǫ́ǫ́ʼ (first-person perfective singular)
niʼsiilkǫ́ǫ́ʼ (duoplural first-person perfective)
ndaʼsiilkǫ́ǫ́ʼ (first-person perfective plural)
niʼsíníłkǫ́ǫ́ʼ (perfective second-person singular)
niʼsoołkǫ́ǫ́ʼ (duoplural perfective second-person)
ndaʼsoołkǫ́ǫ́ʼ (perfective plural second-person)
naʼaskǫ́ǫ́ʼ (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
ndaʼaskǫ́ǫ́ʼ (perfective plural third-person)
nʼjiskǫ́ǫ́ʼ (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
ndaʼjiskǫ́ǫ́ʼ (fourth-person perfective plural)
nʼdeeshkǫǫł (first-person future singular)
nʼdiilkǫǫł (duoplural first-person future)
ndaʼdiilkǫǫł (first-person future plural)
nʼdííłkǫǫł (future second-person singular)
nʼdoołkǫǫł (duoplural future second-person)
ndaʼdoołkǫǫł (future plural second-person)
nʼdoołkǫǫł (duoplural future singular third-person)
ndaʼdoołkǫǫł (future plural third-person)
nizhʼdoołkǫǫł (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
ndazhʼdoołkǫǫł (fourth-person future plural)
naʼałkǫʼ (alternative)

na- (atelic, circuital) + -ʼa- (unspecified person object prefix) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier, thematic) + -kǫ́ǫ́ʼ (continuative imperfective stem of root -KǪ́Ǫ́’, “to swim”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-kǫ́ǫ́ʼ</i>

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-KǪ́Ǫ́’</i>

(in the perfective) he/she swam to a location and swam back


hodíłchʼil

ho- (“space, area, things”) + -di- (adjectival) + -◌́- (ni-modal 3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier) + -chʼil (neuter perfective stem of root -CHʼIL, “plant”)

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-chʼil</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-CHʼIL</i>


ałchin

ashchin (first-person imperfective singular)
iilchin (duoplural first-person imperfective)
daʼiilchin (first-person imperfective plural)
íłchin (imperfective second-person singular)
ołchin (duoplural imperfective second-person)
daʼołchin (imperfective plural second-person)
ałchin (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
daʼałchin (imperfective plural third-person)
ajiłchin (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
daʼjiłchin (fourth-person imperfective plural)
ashéłchą́ą́ʼ (first-person perfective singular)
ashiilchą́ą́ʼ (duoplural first-person perfective)
daʼshiilchą́ą́ʼ (first-person perfective plural)
ashíníłchą́ą́ʼ (perfective second-person singular)
ashoołchą́ą́ʼ (duoplural perfective second-person)
daʼshoołchą́ą́ʼ (perfective plural second-person)
ashchą́ą́ʼ (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
daʼashchą́ą́ʼ (perfective plural third-person)
ajishchą́ą́ʼ (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
daʼjishchą́ą́ʼ (fourth-person perfective plural)

ʼa- (unspecified person object prefix) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier) + -chin (imperfective stem of root -CHĄ́Ą́ʼ, “to smell”)

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-chin</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-CHĄ́Ą́ʼ</i>


naazlá

silá (perfective singular third-person)
naazlá (perfective plural third-person)
ndaazlá (distributive perfective plural third-person)

na- (atelic, circuital) + -z- (si-perfective 3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -lá (neuter perfective stem of root -LÁ, “to handle slender flexible objects”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-lá</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-LÁ</i>

nv-link-to-root

they lie around somewhere, are located somewhere (slender flexible objects as ropes, chains, belts)

they lie around somewhere, are located somewhere (pairs of objects as shoes, socks, scissors)

they lie around somewhere, are located somewhere (conglomeration as constellations, kernels, words of a language,...)

they lie around somewhere, are located somewhere (objects of unknown shape)


naaznil

sinil (perfective singular third-person)
naaznil (perfective plural third-person)
ndaaznil (distributive perfective plural third-person)

na- (atelic, circuital) + -z- (si-perfective 3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -nil (neuter perfective stem of root -NIL, “to handle several objects”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-nil</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-NIL</i>

they lie around somewhere, are located somewhere (groups of several, separable and visually countable objects)


naaziid

siziid (perfective singular third-person)
naaziid (perfective plural third-person)
ndaaziid (distributive perfective plural third-person)

na- (atelic, circuital) + -z- (si-perfective 3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -ziid (neuter perfective stem of root -ZIID, “to pour”).

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ziid</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ZIID</i>

they (quantities of pourable material) lie around somewhere, are located somewhere


naalchiʼ

naashchiʼ (first-person imperfective singular)
neiilchiʼ (duoplural first-person imperfective)
nideiilchiʼ (first-person imperfective plural)
nanilchiʼ (imperfective second-person singular)
naołchiʼ (duoplural imperfective second-person)
nidaałchiʼ (imperfective plural second-person)
naalchiʼ (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
nidaalchiʼ (imperfective plural third-person)
nijilchiʼ (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
nidajilchiʼ (fourth-person imperfective plural)
nishishchiʼ (first-person perfective singular)
nishiilchiʼ (duoplural first-person perfective)
nidashiilchiʼ (first-person perfective plural)
nishínílchiʼ (perfective second-person singular)
nishoołchiʼ (duoplural perfective second-person)
nidashoołchiʼ (perfective plural second-person)
naashchiʼ (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
nidaashchiʼ (perfective plural third-person)
nijishchiʼ (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
nidajishchiʼ (fourth-person perfective plural)
ndeeshchiił (first-person future singular)
ndiilchiił (duoplural first-person future)
ndadiilchiił (first-person future plural)
ndíílchiił (future second-person singular)
ndoołchiił (duoplural future second-person)
ndadoołchiił (future plural second-person)
ndoolchiił (duoplural future singular third-person)
ndadoolchiił (future plural third-person)
nizhdoolchiił (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
ndazhdoolchiił (fourth-person future plural)

na- (atelic, circuital) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -l- (classifier) + -chiʼ (continuative imperfective stem of root -CHIʼ, “to squat”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-chiʼ</i>

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-CHIʼ</i>


nilʼąąh

nishʼąąh (first-person imperfective singular)
niilʼąąh (duoplural first-person imperfective)
daniilʼąąh (first-person imperfective plural)
nílʼąąh (imperfective second-person singular)
nołʼąąh (duoplural imperfective second-person)
danołʼąąh (imperfective plural second-person)
nilʼąąh (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
danilʼąąh (imperfective plural third-person)
jinilʼąąh (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dazhnilʼąąh (fourth-person imperfective plural)
nééshʼąąd (first-person perfective singular)
niilʼąąd (duoplural first-person perfective)
daniilʼąąd (first-person perfective plural)
níínílʼąąd (perfective second-person singular)
noołʼąąd (duoplural perfective second-person)
danoołʼąąd (perfective plural second-person)
néesʼąąd (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
danéesʼąąd (perfective plural third-person)
jinéesʼąąd (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dazhnéesʼąąd (fourth-person perfective plural)

ni- (thematic) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -l- (classifier) + -ʼąąh (imperfective stem of root -ʼĄĄD, “to reach a level”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ʼąąh</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ʼĄĄD</i>

he/she is attaining some level of skill or ability


silá

si- (modal) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -lá (neuter perfective stem of root -LÁ, “to handle a slender flexible object”).

nv-link-to-root

it lies somewhere, is located somewhere (a slender flexible object as a rope, a chain, a belt)

they lie around somewhere, are located somewhere (a pair of objects as shoes, socks, scissors)

it lies somewhere, is located somewhere (object of unknown shape)


hoolyé

spatial-person imperfective of wolyé: “area is called...”


éélkid

Naʼníʼá Hótsaa hoolyéhígíí, chidí naatʼaʼídę́ę́ʼ éélkid

The place called Page, Arizona, photographed from an airplane.


naʼachʼąąh

naʼashchʼąąh (first-person imperfective singular)
naʼiichʼąąh (duoplural first-person imperfective)
nidaʼiichʼąąh (first-person imperfective plural)
naʼíchʼąąh (imperfective second-person singular)
naʼohchʼąąh (duoplural imperfective second-person)
nidaʼohchʼąąh (imperfective plural second-person)
naʼachʼąąh (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
nidaʼachʼąąh (imperfective plural third-person)
niʼjichʼąąh (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
nidaʼjichʼąąh (fourth-person imperfective plural)
niʼshéchʼąąʼ (first-person perfective singular)
niʼshiichʼąąʼ (duoplural first-person perfective)
nidaʼshiichʼąąʼ (first-person perfective plural)
niʼshíníchʼąąʼ (perfective second-person singular)
niʼshoochʼąąʼ (duoplural perfective second-person)
nidaʼshoochʼąąʼ (perfective plural second-person)
naʼazhchʼąąʼ (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
nidaʼazhchʼąąʼ (perfective plural third-person)
niʼjizhchʼąąʼ (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
nidaʼjizhchʼąąʼ (fourth-person perfective plural)
naʼashchʼąąʼ (passive)
niʼdeeshchʼąh (first-person future singular)
niʼdiichʼąh (duoplural first-person future)
nidaʼdiichʼąh (first-person future plural)
niʼdííchʼąh (future second-person singular)
niʼdoohchʼąh (duoplural future second-person)
nidaʼdoohchʼąh (future plural second-person)
niʼdoochʼąh (duoplural future singular third-person)
nidaʼdoochʼąh (future plural third-person)
nizhʼdoochʼąh (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
nidazhʼdoochʼąh (fourth-person future plural)

na- (atelic, circuital) + -ʼa- (unspecified person object prefix) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -chʼąąh (continuative imperfective stem of root -CHʼĄĄʼ, “to decorate”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-chʼąąh</i>

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-CHʼĄĄʼ</i>


ditsxiz

dinistsxiz (first-person imperfective singular)
diniitsxiz (duoplural first-person imperfective)
dadiniitsxiz (first-person imperfective plural)
dinítsxiz (imperfective second-person singular)
dinohtsxiz (duoplural imperfective second-person)
dadinohtsxiz (imperfective plural second-person)
ditsxiz (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
daditsxiz (imperfective plural third-person)
jiditsxiz (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dazhditsxiz (fourth-person imperfective plural)

di- (adjectival) + -∅- (ni-modal 3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -tsxiz (neuter imperfective stem of root -TSIZ, “to tremble”), with emphatic infix -x-.

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-tsxiz</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-TSIZ</i>

nv-link-to-root

(with dah) he/she/it is trembling, shaking (as with fear), quivering


nichįʼ

nishchįʼ (first-person imperfective singular)
niichįʼ (duoplural first-person imperfective)
daniichįʼ (first-person imperfective plural)
níchįʼ (imperfective second-person singular)
nohchįʼ (duoplural imperfective second-person)
danohchįʼ (imperfective plural second-person)
nichįʼ (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
danichįʼ (imperfective plural third-person)
jíchįʼ (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dajíchįʼ (fourth-person imperfective plural)

/nɪ̀t͡ʃʰĩ̀ʔ/

ni- (modal) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -chįʼ (imperfective stem of root -CHĮʼ, “to be stingy”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-chįʼ</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-CHĮʼ</i>

Baa nichįʼ

He doesn't want to lend it, he keeps it for himself (something of high value).


nidaah

nishdaah (first-person imperfective singular)
niikeeh (duoplural first-person imperfective)
diniibįįh (first-person imperfective plural)
nídaah (imperfective second-person singular)
nohkeeh (duoplural imperfective second-person)
dinohbįįh (imperfective plural second-person)
nidaah (imperfective singular third-person)
nikeeh (duoplural imperfective third-person)
dinibįįh (imperfective plural third-person)
jinidaah (fourth-person imperfective singular)
jinikeeh (duoplural fourth-person imperfective)
dizhnibįįh (fourth-person imperfective plural)
nédá (first-person perfective singular)
neeké (duoplural first-person perfective)
dineebin (first-person perfective plural)
nínídá (perfective second-person singular)
sinooké (duoplural perfective second-person)
disinoobin (perfective plural second-person)
neezdá (perfective singular third-person)
neezké (duoplural perfective third-person)
dineezbin (perfective plural third-person)
jineezdá (fourth-person perfective singular)
jineezké (duoplural fourth-person perfective)
dizhneezbin (fourth-person perfective plural)
dínéeshdaał (first-person future singular)
díníikeeł (duoplural first-person future)
díníibįįł (first-person future plural)
díníídaał (future second-person singular)
dínóohkeeł (duoplural future second-person)
dínóóhbįįł (future plural second-person)
dínóodaał (future singular third-person)
dínóokeeł (duoplural future third-person)
dínóobįįł (future plural third-person)
dízhnóodaał (fourth-person future singular)
dízhnóokeeł (duoplural fourth-person future)
dízhnóobįįł (fourth-person future plural)
náníshdaah (first-person singular)
nániikeeh (duoplural first-person)
ńdiniibįįh (first-person plural)
nánídaah (second-person singular)
nánóhkeeh (duoplural second-person)
ńdinohbįįh (plural second-person)
nánídaah (singular third-person)
náníkeeh (duoplural third-person)
ńdinibįįh (plural third-person)
nánízhdaah (fourth-person singular)
názhníkeeh (duoplural fourth-person)
ńdizhnibįįh (fourth-person plural)
nóshdaah (first-person singular)
nookeeh (duoplural first-person)
dinoobįįh (first-person plural)
nóódaah (second-person singular)
noohkeeh (duoplural second-person)
dinoohbįįh (plural second-person)
nódaah (singular third-person)
nókeeh (duoplural third-person)
dinóbįįh (plural third-person)
jinódaah (fourth-person singular)
jinókeeh (duoplural fourth-person)
dizhnóbįįh (fourth-person plural)

ni- (terminative) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -daah (imperfective stem of root -DÁ, “to sit — 1 actor”)
ni- (terminative) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -keeh (imperfective stem of root -KÉ, “to sit — 2 actors”)
di- (thematic) + -ni- (terminative) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -bįįh (imperfective stem of root -BIN, “to sit — 3 actors”)
Note: The 3+ actors stem takes an additional di-thematic prefix.

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-daah</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-DÁ</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-keeh</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-KÉ</i>

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-bįįh</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-BIN</i>

he/she is sitting down, he/she is moving to a sitting position


halgai

From ha- (areal) + l- (classifier) + -gai (neuter imperfective stem of root -GAII, “to be white”)

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-gai</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-GAII</i>


hóteel

Atiin hóteel.

spatial-person imperfective of niteel (“an area is wide, broad”)


shichʼil

si- (modal) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -chʼil (neuter perfective stem of root -CHʼIL, “to curl”).

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-chʼil</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-CHʼIL</i>


niidóóh

niidóóh (imperfective singular third-person)
niidoii (perfective singular third-person)

ni- (thematic) + -yi- (transitional) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -dóóh (transitional stem of root -DOII, “to be hot”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-dóóh</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-DOII</i>


sitį́

sétį́ (first-person singular)
sínítį́ (second-person singular)
sitį́ (singular third-person)
jiztį́ (fourth-person singular)

si- (modal) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -tį́ (neuter perfective stem of root -TĮ́, “to lie — 1 actor”).

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-tį́</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-TĮ́</i>


yigan

yishgan (first-person imperfective singular)
yiigan (duoplural first-person imperfective)
deiigan (first-person imperfective plural)
nigan (imperfective second-person singular)
wohgan (duoplural imperfective second-person)
daahgan (imperfective plural second-person)
yigan (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
daagan (imperfective plural third-person)
jigan (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dajigan (fourth-person imperfective plural)
ségan (first-person perfective singular)
siigan (duoplural first-person perfective)
dasiigan (first-person perfective plural)
sínígan (perfective second-person singular)
soogan (duoplural perfective second-person)
dasoogan (perfective plural second-person)
sigan (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
daazgan (perfective plural third-person)
jizgan (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dajizgan (fourth-person perfective plural)

y- (peg element) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -gan (conclusive imperfective stem of root -GAN, “to wither”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-gan</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-GAN</i>


łichxííʼ

łinishchxííʼ (first-person imperfective singular)
łiniichxííʼ (duoplural first-person imperfective)
dałiniichxííʼ (first-person imperfective plural)
łiníchxííʼ (imperfective second-person singular)
łinohchxííʼ (duoplural imperfective second-person)
dałinohchxííʼ (imperfective plural second-person)
łichxííʼ (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
daalchxííʼ (imperfective plural third-person)
jilchxííʼ (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dajilchxííʼ (fourth-person imperfective plural)

/ɬɪ̀t͡ʃʰxíːʔ/

łi- (adjectival) + -∅- (ni-modal 3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -chííʼ (neuter imperfective stem of root -CHIIʼ, “to be red”), with emphatic infix -x-.
The łi- prefix appears to have originated historically from the -ł- classifier. When this prefix appears immediately in pre-stem position, it takes the shape of a l- classifier.

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-chííʼ</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-CHIIʼ</i>

nv-link-to-root

Díí chʼilátah baa hózhónii éí łichxííʼ.


yishtłizh

y- (peg element) + -s- (si-perfective 3rd person subject prefix) + -d- (classifier) + -tłizh (neuter perfective stem of root -TŁIIZH, “to be dark brown, stained”).
Compare Koyukon tłɨs (“to be crushed”), Sarcee dlish (“be spotted”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-tłizh</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-TŁIIZH</i>

nv-link-to-root

he/she/it is dark brown, dark-skinned, brown-skinned


shijaaʼ

/ʃɪ̀t͡ʃɑ̀ːʔ/

si- (modal) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -jaaʼ (neuter perfective stem of root -JAAʼ, “to handle a profusion of objects”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-jaaʼ</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-JAAʼ</i>

nv-link-to-root

they lie somewhere, are located somewhere (profusion of small, visually difficult to count objects as sand, seeds or pebbles)


yigháád

yishháád (first-person imperfective singular)
yiigáád (duoplural first-person imperfective)
deiigáád (first-person imperfective plural)
nigháád (imperfective second-person singular)
woháád (duoplural imperfective second-person)
daaháád (imperfective plural second-person)
yigháád (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
deigháád (imperfective plural third-person)
jigháád (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dajigháád (fourth-person imperfective plural)
yígháád (first-person perfective singular)
yiigáád (duoplural first-person perfective)
deiigáád (first-person perfective plural)
yínígháád (perfective second-person singular)
woogháád (duoplural perfective second-person)
daoogháád (perfective plural second-person)
yiyíígháád (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
dayíígháád (perfective plural third-person)
jíígháád (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dajíígháád (fourth-person perfective plural)

y- (3rd person object prefix) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -gháád (repetitive imperfective stem of root -GHÁÁD, “to shake”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-gháád</i>

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-GHÁÁD</i>


yilóós

yisłóós (first-person imperfective singular)
yiidlóós (duoplural first-person imperfective)
deiidlóós (first-person imperfective plural)
nilóós (imperfective second-person singular)
wohłóós (duoplural imperfective second-person)
daahłóós (imperfective plural second-person)
yilóós (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
deilóós (imperfective plural third-person)
jilóós (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dajilóós (fourth-person imperfective plural)
yílóóz (first-person perfective singular)
yiidlóóz (duoplural first-person perfective)
dasiidlóóz (first-person perfective plural)
yínílóóz (perfective second-person singular)
woolóóz (duoplural perfective second-person)
dasoolóóz (perfective plural second-person)
yiyíílóóz (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
deizlóóz (perfective plural third-person)
jíílóóz (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dajizlóóz (fourth-person perfective plural)

y- (3rd person object prefix) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -lóós (imperfective stem of root -LÓÓZ, “to lead — 1 object”).

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-lóós</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-LÓÓZ</i>


yishóósh

yishóósh (first-person imperfective singular)
yiilzhóósh (duoplural first-person imperfective)
deiilzhóósh (first-person imperfective plural)
nishóósh (imperfective second-person singular)
wohshóósh (duoplural imperfective second-person)
daahshóósh (imperfective plural second-person)
yishóósh (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
deishóósh (imperfective plural third-person)
jishóósh (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dajishóósh (fourth-person imperfective plural)
yíshoozh (first-person perfective singular)
yiilzhoozh (duoplural first-person perfective)
deiilzhoozh (first-person perfective plural)
yíníshoozh (perfective second-person singular)
wooshoozh (duoplural perfective second-person)
daooshoozh (perfective plural second-person)
yiyííshoozh (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
dayííshoozh (perfective plural third-person)
jííshoozh (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dajííshoozh (fourth-person perfective plural)

y- (3rd person object prefix) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier, causative) + -zhóósh (imperfective stem of root -ZHOOZH, “a profusion of objects streams”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-zhóósh</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ZHOOZH</i>


yishóósh

first-person singular imperfective of yishóósh


yidlóóh

yishdlóóh (first-person imperfective singular)
yiidlóóh (duoplural first-person imperfective)
deiidlóóh (first-person imperfective plural)
nidlóóh (imperfective second-person singular)
wohdlóóh (duoplural imperfective second-person)
daahdlóóh (imperfective plural second-person)
yidlóóh (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
daadlóóh (imperfective plural third-person)
jidlóóh (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dajidlóóh (fourth-person imperfective plural)
sisdlí (first-person perfective singular)
siidlí (duoplural first-person perfective)
dasiidlí (first-person perfective plural)
sínídlí (perfective second-person singular)
soohdlí (duoplural perfective second-person)
dasoohdlí (perfective plural second-person)
yisdlí (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
daasdlí (perfective plural third-person)
jisdlí (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dajisdlí (fourth-person perfective plural)

y- (peg element) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -d- (classifier) + -dlóóh (imperfective stem of root -DLÍ, “to freeze”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-dlóóh</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-DLÍ</i>


yisééh

yisééh (first-person imperfective singular)
yiilzééh (duoplural first-person imperfective)
deiilzééh (first-person imperfective plural)
nisééh (imperfective second-person singular)
wohsééh (duoplural imperfective second-person)
daahsééh (imperfective plural second-person)
yisééh (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
deisééh (imperfective plural third-person)
jisééh (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dajisééh (fourth-person imperfective plural)
yísą́ (first-person perfective singular)
yiilzą́ (duoplural first-person perfective)
deiilzą́ (first-person perfective plural)
yínísą́ (perfective second-person singular)
woosą́ (duoplural perfective second-person)
daoosą́ (perfective plural second-person)
yiyíísą́ (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
dayíísą́ (perfective plural third-person)
jíísą́ (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dajíísą́ (fourth-person perfective plural)
deessééł (first-person future singular)
diilsééł (duoplural first-person future)
dadiilsééł (first-person future plural)
díísééł (future second-person singular)
doohsééł (duoplural future second-person)
dadoohsééł (future plural second-person)
yidoosééł (duoplural future singular third-person)
deidoosééł (future plural third-person)
jidoosééł (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
dazhdoosééł (fourth-person future plural)

y- (3rd person object prefix) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier) + -zééh (imperfective stem of root -ZĄ́, “to soften”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-zééh</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ZĄ́</i>


yisééh

first-person singular imperfective form of yisééh


iijííł

iijííł (imperfective singular third-person)
ííjil (perfective singular third-person)
adoojił
anájił
oojííł

ʼa- (“away”) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -jííł (imperfective stem of root -JIL, “to stick out, to pierce”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-jííł</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-JIL</i>

Baa iijííł.

Hosh shaa ííjil.

it sticks, pierces, penetrates, stabs (a sharp pointed object as a thorn, a needle, a knife, a stick)


déyá

first-person singular perfective of dighááh


dighááh

dishááh (first-person imperfective singular)
diitʼaash (duoplural first-person imperfective)
diikááh (first-person imperfective plural)
dínááh (imperfective second-person singular)
dohʼaash (duoplural imperfective second-person)
dohkááh (imperfective plural second-person)
dighááh (imperfective singular third-person)
diʼaash (duoplural imperfective third-person)
dikááh (imperfective plural third-person)
jidighááh (fourth-person imperfective singular)
jidiʼaash (duoplural fourth-person imperfective)
jidikááh (fourth-person imperfective plural)
déyá (first-person perfective singular)
deetʼáázh (duoplural first-person perfective)
deekai (first-person perfective plural)
díníyá (perfective second-person singular)
dishooʼáázh (duoplural perfective second-person)
disoohkai (perfective plural second-person)
deeyá (perfective singular third-person)
deezhʼáázh (duoplural perfective third-person)
deeskai (perfective plural third-person)
jideeyá (fourth-person perfective singular)
jideezhʼáázh (duoplural fourth-person perfective)
jideeskai (fourth-person perfective plural)
dideeshááł (first-person future singular)
didiitʼash (duoplural first-person future)
didiikah (first-person future plural)
didíínááł (future second-person singular)
didoohʼash (duoplural future second-person)
didoohkah (future plural second-person)
didoogááł (future singular third-person)
didooʼash (duoplural future third-person)
didookah (future plural third-person)
jididoogááł (fourth-person future singular)
jididooʼash (duoplural fourth-person future)
jididookah (fourth-person future plural)

di- (inceptive) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) +
* ∅- (classifier) + -ghááh (imperfective stem of root -YÁ, “to go, to walk — 1 actor”)
* ∅- (classifier) + -ʼaash (imperfective stem of root -ʼÁÁZH, “to go, to walk — 2 actors”)
* d- (classifier) + -kááh (imperfective stem of root -KAI, “to go, to walk — 3 actors”)

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ghááh</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-YÁ</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ʼaash</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ʼÁÁZH</i>

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-kááh</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-KAI</i>

Biiʼndaʼaʼnéhégóó deetʼáázh.

Wááshindoongóó déyá

Naʼnízhoozhígóó deekai

Hoozdohgóósh dishooʼáázh?

(in all modes except in the perfective) he/she starts to go; (in the perfective) he/she has started to go, is about to go, intends to go, is on the way to.

Chʼééh deeyá.

Chʼééh dishááh.

chʼééh chʼééh

(with chʼééh) (imperf.) he/she is getting tired; (perf.) he/she is tired.

Anáhoʼniiłtį́įhgo biniinaa náháshgodę́ę bikʼinídíshdááh.

I stop hoeing again and again because it keeps starting to rain.

(with bikʼi-) he/she quits it, gives it up, discontinues it


niséyá

first-person singular perfect active indicative of naaghá


naayá

third-person singular perfect active indicative of naaghá


jiztį́

fourth-person singular perfective of sitį́


joogááł

fourth-person singular imperfective of yigááł (one is going along)


yiniʼįįh

nishʼįįh (first-person imperfective singular)
niitʼįįh (duoplural first-person imperfective)
daniitʼįįh (first-person imperfective plural)
níʼįįh (imperfective second-person singular)
nohʼįįh (duoplural imperfective second-person)
danohʼįįh (imperfective plural second-person)
yiniʼįįh (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
deiniʼįįh (imperfective plural third-person)
jiniʼįįh (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dazhniʼįįh (fourth-person imperfective plural)
néʼį́į́ʼ (first-person perfective singular)
neetʼį́į́ʼ (duoplural first-person perfective)
daneetʼį́į́ʼ (first-person perfective plural)
níníʼį́į́ʼ (perfective second-person singular)
sinooʼį́į́ʼ (duoplural perfective second-person)
dasinooʼį́į́ʼ (perfective plural second-person)
yineezʼį́į́ʼ (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
deineezʼį́į́ʼ (perfective plural third-person)
jineezʼį́į́ʼ (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dazneezʼį́į́ʼ (fourth-person perfective plural)
nánishʼį́į́h (first-person singular)
nániitʼį́į́h (duoplural first-person)
nádaniitʼįįh (first-person plural)
náníʼį́į́h (second-person singular)
nánohʼį́į́h (duoplural second-person)
nádanohʼįįh (plural second-person)
náyiniʼį́į́h (duoplural singular third-person)
nádeiniʼįįh (plural third-person)
názhníʼį́į́h (duoplural fourth-person singular)
nádazhniʼįįh (fourth-person plural)

y- (3rd person object prefix) + -ni- (thematic) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -ʼįįh (conclusive imperfective stem of root -ʼĮ́Į́ʼ, “to steal”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ʼįįh</i>

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ʼĮ́Į́ʼ</i>


łikizh

łinishkizh (first-person imperfective singular)
łiniikizh (duoplural first-person imperfective)
dałiniikizh (first-person imperfective plural)
łiníkizh (imperfective second-person singular)
łinohkizh (duoplural imperfective second-person)
dałinohkizh (imperfective plural second-person)
łikizh (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
daalkizh (imperfective plural third-person)
jilkizh (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dajilkizh (fourth-person imperfective plural)

łi- (adjectival) + -∅- (ni-modal 3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -kizh (neuter imperfective stem of root -KIIZH, “to be spotted”).
The łi- prefix appears to have originated historically from the -ł- classifier. When this prefix appears immediately in pre-stem position, it takes the shape of a l- classifier.

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-kizh</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-KIIZH</i>


diʼil

dinishʼil (first-person imperfective singular)
diniitʼil (duoplural first-person imperfective)
dadiniitʼil (first-person imperfective plural)
diníʼil (imperfective second-person singular)
dinohʼil (duoplural imperfective second-person)
dadinohʼil (imperfective plural second-person)
diʼil (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
dadiʼil (imperfective plural third-person)
jidiʼil (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dazhdiʼil (fourth-person imperfective plural)

di- (adjectival) + -∅- (ni-modal 3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -ʼil (neuter imperfective stem of root -ʼIL, “to be hairy”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ʼil</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ʼIL</i>


ditsʼoz

di- (adjectival) + -∅- (ni-modal 3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -tsʼoz (neuter imperfective stem of root -TSʼOZ, “to be long-haired”).

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-tsʼoz</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-TSʼOZ</i>

ééʼ daditsʼozii

it is long-haired (such as an angora goat)


naniseʼ

naniseʼ (imperfective plural singular third-person)
ndaniseʼ (distributive imperfective plural third-person)
naneeseʼ (perfective plural singular third-person)
ndaneeseʼ (distributive perfective plural third-person)
ndínóoseeł (future plural singular third-person)
ndadínóoseeł (distributive future plural third-person)

/nɑ̀nɪ̀sɛ̀ʔ/

na- (atelic, circuital) + -ni- (thematic) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier) + -yeʼ (continuative imperfective stem of root -YĄ́, “to grow”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-yeʼ</i>

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-YĄ́</i>

Kwii nátʼoh ndaniseʼ.

(The distributive form ndaniseʼ refers to plants) plants grow here and there


achʼiish

ashchʼiish (first-person imperfective singular)
iichʼiish (duoplural first-person imperfective)
daʼiichʼiish (first-person imperfective plural)
íchʼiish (imperfective second-person singular)
ohchʼiish (duoplural imperfective second-person)
daʼohchʼiish (imperfective plural second-person)
achʼiish (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
daʼachʼiish (imperfective plural third-person)
ajichʼiish (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
daʼjichʼiish (fourth-person imperfective plural)
ííchʼiizh (first-person perfective singular)
iichʼiizh (duoplural first-person perfective)
daʼiichʼiizh (first-person perfective plural)
ííníchʼiizh (perfective second-person singular)
oochʼiizh (duoplural perfective second-person)
daʼoochʼiizh (perfective plural second-person)
ííchʼiizh (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
daʼííchʼiizh (perfective plural third-person)
ajííchʼiizh (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
daʼjííchʼiizh (fourth-person perfective plural)

ʼa- (unspecified person object prefix) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -chʼiish (imperfective stem of root -CHʼIIZH, “to abrade”)

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-chʼiish</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-CHʼIIZH</i>


aheełtʼé

ahinishtʼé (first-person imperfective singular)
ahiniiltʼé (duoplural first-person imperfective)
ahidaniiltʼé (first-person imperfective plural)
ahiníłtʼé (imperfective second-person singular)
ahinołtʼé (duoplural imperfective second-person)
ahidanołtʼé (imperfective plural second-person)
aheełtʼé (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
ahidaałtʼé (imperfective plural third-person)
ahijíłtʼé (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
ahidajíłtʼé (fourth-person imperfective plural)

/ʔɑ̀hèːɬtʼɛ́/

ʼah- (reciprocal) + -ee- (ni-modal 3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier) + -tʼé (neuter imperfective stem of root -TʼEʼ, “to be”)

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-tʼé</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-TʼEʼ</i>


naatʼaʼ

naatʼaʼ (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
nidaatʼaʼ (imperfective plural third-person)
naastʼaʼ (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
nidaastʼaʼ (perfective plural third-person)
nidootʼah (duoplural future singular third-person)
nidadootʼah (future plural third-person)

na- (atelic, circuital) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -d- (classifier, thematic) + -tʼaʼ (continuative imperfective stem of root -TʼAʼ, “to fly”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-tʼaʼ</i>

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-TʼAʼ</i>

Shił naatʼaʼ.

I fly around on it. (lit. It flies around with me)

to fly around (a bird or an airplane); (in the perfective) to make a round-trip flying


yiltsą́

yistsą́ (first-person perfective singular)
yiiltsą́ (duoplural first-person perfective)
deiiltsą́ (first-person perfective plural)
yíníltsą́ (perfective second-person singular)
wołtsą́ (duoplural perfective second-person)
daałtsą́ (perfective plural second-person)
yiltsą́ (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
daaltsą́ (perfective plural third-person)
jooltsą́ (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dajooltsą́ (fourth-person perfective plural)

y- (peg element) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -l- (classifier) + -tsą́ (neuter perfective stem of root -TSĄĄD, “to be pregnant”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-tsą́</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-TSĄĄD</i>


yidąąh

yidąąh (imperfective singular third-person)
yídąąd (perfective singular third-person)
doodąął

y- (peg element) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -dąąh (imperfective stem of root -DĄĄD, “spring passes”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-dąąh</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-DĄĄD</i>


yishééh

yishééh (first-person imperfective singular)
yiilzhééh (duoplural first-person imperfective)
deiilzhééh (first-person imperfective plural)
nishééh (imperfective second-person singular)
wohshééh (duoplural imperfective second-person)
daahshééh (imperfective plural second-person)
yishééh (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
deishééh (imperfective plural third-person)
jishééh (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dajishééh (fourth-person imperfective plural)
yíshaʼ (first-person perfective singular)
yiilzhaʼ (duoplural first-person perfective)
deiilzhaʼ (first-person perfective plural)
yíníshaʼ (perfective second-person singular)
wooshaʼ (duoplural perfective second-person)
daooshaʼ (perfective plural second-person)
yiyííshaʼ (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
dayííshaʼ (perfective plural third-person)
jííshaʼ (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dajííshaʼ (fourth-person perfective plural)

y- (3rd person object prefix) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier, causative) + -zhééh (imperfective stem of root -ZHAʼ, “to be curved”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-zhééh</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ZHAʼ</i>

he/she is flipping it somewhere (as with the point of a stick)


yishééh

yishééh (first-person imperfective singular)
yiilzhééh (duoplural first-person imperfective)
deiilzhééh (first-person imperfective plural)
nishééh (imperfective second-person singular)
wohshééh (duoplural imperfective second-person)
daahshééh (imperfective plural second-person)
yishééh (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
deishééh (imperfective plural third-person)
jishééh (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dajishééh (fourth-person imperfective plural)
yíshééʼ (first-person perfective singular)
yiilzhééʼ (duoplural first-person perfective)
deiilzhééʼ (first-person perfective plural)
yíníshééʼ (perfective second-person singular)
wooshééʼ (duoplural perfective second-person)
daooshééʼ (perfective plural second-person)
yiyííshééʼ (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
dayííshééʼ (perfective plural third-person)
jííshééʼ (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dajííshééʼ (fourth-person perfective plural)
deeshshih (first-person future singular)
diilzhih (duoplural first-person future)
dadiilzhih (first-person future plural)
dííshih (future second-person singular)
doohshih (duoplural future second-person)
dadoohshih (future plural second-person)
yidooshih (duoplural future singular third-person)
deidooshih (future plural third-person)
jidooshih (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
dazhdooshih (fourth-person future plural)

y- (3rd person object prefix) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier) + -zhééh (imperfective stem of root -ZHÉÉʼ, “to shave”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ZHÉÉʼ</i>

Nitsiighá ná deeshshih.

he/she is shaving it, mowing it (grass), cutting it (hair)


yishééh

first-person singular imperfective form of yishééh


yízííd

nisííd (first-person imperfective singular)
niidzííd (duoplural first-person imperfective)
daniidzííd (first-person imperfective plural)
nízííd (imperfective second-person singular)
nohsííd (duoplural imperfective second-person)
danohsííd (imperfective plural second-person)
yízííd (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
deízííd (imperfective plural third-person)
jízííd (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dajízííd (fourth-person imperfective plural)
níziid (first-person perfective singular)
niidziid (duoplural first-person perfective)
daniidziid (first-person perfective plural)
yíníziid (perfective second-person singular)
nooziid (duoplural perfective second-person)
danooziid (perfective plural second-person)
yiníziid (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
deiziid (perfective plural third-person)
jiníziid (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dajiziid (fourth-person perfective plural)

y- (3rd person object prefix) + -◌́- (ni-modal 3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -zííd (imperfective stem of root -ZIID, “to pour”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-zííd</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ZIID</i>

Gohwééh shaa nízííd yaʼ?

Lą́ʼąąʼ, łaʼ naa nisííd.

Náníbaaʼ tó łaʼ shaa yízííd.


ntsaago áłah aleeh

/ǹ̩t͡sʰɑ̀ːkò ʔɑ́ɬɑ̀h ʔɑ̀lèːh/

ntsaago áłah azlį́į́ʼ

there was a conference; the convention was held


yiyiizoh

yiisoh (first-person imperfective singular)
yiidzoh (duoplural first-person imperfective)
deiidzoh (first-person imperfective plural)
yiizoh (imperfective second-person singular)
woohsoh (duoplural imperfective second-person)
daoohsoh (imperfective plural second-person)
yiyiizoh (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
dayiizoh (imperfective plural third-person)
jiizoh (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dajiizoh (fourth-person imperfective plural)
sézoh (first-person perfective singular)
siidzoh (duoplural first-person perfective)
dasiidzoh (first-person perfective plural)
sínízoh (perfective second-person singular)
soozoh (duoplural perfective second-person)
dasoozoh (perfective plural second-person)
yizoh (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
deizoh (perfective plural third-person)
jizoh (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dajizoh (fourth-person perfective plural)
yisdzoh (passive)

y- (3rd person object prefix) + -yi- (semelfactive) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -zoh (semelfactive imperfective stem of root -ZO, “to mark”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-zoh</i>

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ZO</i>


yiyiiłhash

yiishhash (first-person imperfective singular)
yiilghash (duoplural first-person imperfective)
deiilghash (first-person imperfective plural)
yiiłhash (imperfective second-person singular)
woołhash (duoplural imperfective second-person)
daoołhash (imperfective plural second-person)
yiyiiłhash (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
dayiiłhash (imperfective plural third-person)
jiiłhash (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dajiiłhash (fourth-person imperfective plural)
shéłhash (first-person perfective singular)
shiilghash (duoplural first-person perfective)
dashiilghash (first-person perfective plural)
shíníłhash (perfective second-person singular)
shoołhash (duoplural perfective second-person)
dashoołhash (perfective plural second-person)
yishhash (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
deishhash (perfective plural third-person)
jishhash (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dajishhash (fourth-person perfective plural)
deeshhash (first-person future singular)
diilghash (duoplural first-person future)
dadiilghash (first-person future plural)
dííłhash (future second-person singular)
doołhash (duoplural future second-person)
dadoołhash (future plural second-person)
yidoołhash (duoplural future singular third-person)
deidoołhash (future plural third-person)
jidoołhash (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
dazhdoołhash (fourth-person future plural)

y- (3rd person object prefix) + -yi- (semelfactive) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier) + -ghash (semelfactive imperfective stem of root -GHAZH, “to bite”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ghash</i>

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-GHAZH</i>

he/she is biting him/her/it once, giving him/her/it a bite


yiʼį́

yishʼį́ (first-person singular)
yiitʼį́ (duoplural first-person)
deiitʼį́ (first-person plural)
niʼį́ (second-person singular)
wohʼį́ (duoplural second-person)
daahʼį́ (plural second-person)
yiʼį́ (duoplural singular third-person)
deiʼį́ (plural third-person)
jiʼį́ (duoplural fourth-person singular)
dajiʼį́ (fourth-person plural)
yishʼį́į́h (first-person imperfective singular)
yiitʼį́į́h (duoplural first-person imperfective)
deiitʼį́į́h (first-person imperfective plural)
niʼį́į́h (imperfective second-person singular)
wohʼį́į́h (duoplural imperfective second-person)
daahʼį́į́h (imperfective plural second-person)
yiʼį́į́h (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
deiʼį́į́h (imperfective plural third-person)
jiʼį́į́h (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dajiʼį́į́h (fourth-person imperfective plural)
yíʼįįd (first-person perfective singular)
yiitʼįįd (duoplural first-person perfective)
deiitʼįįd (first-person perfective plural)
yíníʼįįd (perfective second-person singular)
wooʼįįd (duoplural perfective second-person)
daooʼįįd (perfective plural second-person)
yiyííʼįįd (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
dayííʼįįd (perfective plural third-person)
jííʼįįd (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dajííʼįįd (fourth-person perfective plural)
séʼįįd (first-person perfective singular)
siitʼįįd (duoplural first-person perfective)
dasiitʼįįd (first-person perfective plural)
síníʼįįd (perfective second-person singular)
sooʼįįd (duoplural perfective second-person)
dasooʼįįd (perfective plural second-person)
yizʼįįd (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
deizʼįįd (perfective plural third-person)
jizʼįįd (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dajizʼįįd (fourth-person perfective plural)

y- (3rd person object prefix) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -ʼį́ (neuter imperfective stem of root -ʼĮĮD, “to dislike”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ʼį́</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ʼĮĮD</i>

Diné ayóo dashiʼį́.

he/she dislikes it, opposes it, is unable to stand it

Shimá nátʼoh shąąh yiʼį́.

(with bąąh) he/she is against it for him/her, deprives him/her from it, keeps him/her from doing it


yiyiilįh

yiishłįh (first-person imperfective singular)
yiidlįh (duoplural first-person imperfective)
deiidlįh (first-person imperfective plural)
yiilįh (imperfective second-person singular)
woohłįh (duoplural imperfective second-person)
daoohłįh (imperfective plural second-person)
yiyiilįh (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
dayiilįh (imperfective plural third-person)
jiilįh (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dajiilįh (fourth-person imperfective plural)
sélįh (first-person perfective singular)
siidlįh (duoplural first-person perfective)
dasiidlįh (first-person perfective plural)
sínílįh (perfective second-person singular)
soolįh (duoplural perfective second-person)
dasoolįh (perfective plural second-person)
yizlįh (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
deizlįh (perfective plural third-person)
jizlįh (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dajizlįh (fourth-person perfective plural)
deeshłįh (first-person future singular)
diiłįh (duoplural first-person future)
dadiiłįh (first-person future plural)
dííłįh (future second-person singular)
doohłįh (duoplural future second-person)
dadoohłįh (future plural second-person)
yidoołįh (duoplural future singular third-person)
deidoołįh (future plural third-person)
jidoołįh (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
dazhdoołįh (fourth-person future plural)

y- (3rd person object prefix) + -yi- (semelfactive) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier) + -nih (semelfactive imperfective stem of root -NIIH, “to taste”).
Classifier and stem initial undergo special combination: -ł- + -nih = -lįh.

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-nih</i>

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-NIIH</i>


yidiséí

diséí (first-person imperfective singular)
diilzéí (duoplural first-person imperfective)
dadiilzéí (first-person imperfective plural)
díséí (imperfective second-person singular)
dohséí (duoplural imperfective second-person)
dadohséí (imperfective plural second-person)
yidiséí (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
deidiséí (imperfective plural third-person)
jidiséí (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dazhdiséí (fourth-person imperfective plural)
dííséí (first-person perfective singular)
diilzéí (duoplural first-person perfective)
dadiilzéí (first-person perfective plural)
dííníséí (perfective second-person singular)
dooséí (duoplural perfective second-person)
dadooséí (perfective plural second-person)
yidííséí (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
deidííséí (perfective plural third-person)
jidííséí (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dazhdííséí (fourth-person perfective plural)
dideesséí (first-person future singular)
didiilzéí (duoplural first-person future)
dadidiilzéí (first-person future plural)
didííséí (future second-person singular)
didoohséí (duoplural future second-person)
dadidoohséí (future plural second-person)
yididooséí (duoplural future singular third-person)
deididooséí (future plural third-person)
dizhdooséí (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
dazhdidooséí (fourth-person future plural)

y- (3rd person object prefix) + -di- (thematic) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier, causative) + -zéí (imperfective stem of root -ZÉÍ, “to crumble”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-zéí</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ZÉÍ</i>

he/she is crumbling it, breaking it into crumbs


yishǫǫh

yishǫǫh (first-person imperfective singular)
yiilzhǫǫh (duoplural first-person imperfective)
deiilzhǫǫh (first-person imperfective plural)
nishǫǫh (imperfective second-person singular)
wohshǫǫh (duoplural imperfective second-person)
daahshǫǫh (imperfective plural second-person)
yishǫǫh (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
deishǫǫh (imperfective plural third-person)
jishǫǫh (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dajishǫǫh (fourth-person imperfective plural)
yíshǫǫd (first-person perfective singular)
yiilzhǫǫd (duoplural first-person perfective)
deiilzhǫǫd (first-person perfective plural)
yíníshǫǫd (perfective second-person singular)
wooshǫǫd (duoplural perfective second-person)
daooshǫǫd (perfective plural second-person)
yiyííshǫǫd (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
dayííshǫǫd (perfective plural third-person)
jííshǫǫd (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dajííshǫǫd (fourth-person perfective plural)

y- (3rd person object prefix) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier, causative) + -zhǫǫh (imperfective stem of root -ZHǪǪD, “to be nice, peaceful”).

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-zhǫǫh</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ZHǪǪD</i>

he/she is taming it, pacifying him/her/it


yishǫǫh

first-person singular imperfective form of yishǫǫh


yoołbįįh

wooshbįįh (first-person imperfective singular)
yiilbįįh (duoplural first-person imperfective)
deiilbįįh (first-person imperfective plural)
yiniłbįįh (imperfective second-person singular)
woołbįįh (duoplural imperfective second-person)
daoołbįįh (imperfective plural second-person)
yoołbįįh (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
dayoołbįįh (imperfective plural third-person)
joołbįįh (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dajoołbįįh (fourth-person imperfective plural)
yiséłbą́ (first-person perfective singular)
yisiilbą́ (duoplural first-person perfective)
deisiilbą́ (first-person perfective plural)
yisíníłbą́ (perfective second-person singular)
yisoołbą́ (duoplural perfective second-person)
deisoołbą́ (perfective plural second-person)
yoosbą́ (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
dayoosbą́ (perfective plural third-person)
joosbą́ (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dajoosbą́ (fourth-person perfective plural)

y- (3rd person object prefix) + -oo- (meaning unclear, combining form of yini- in the 3rd person) + -ł- (classifier) + -bįįh (imperfective stem of root -BĄ́, “to win”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-bįįh</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-BĄ́</i>


yinóʼááh

nóshʼááh (first-person imperfective singular)
niitʼááh (duoplural first-person imperfective)
daniitʼááh (first-person imperfective plural)
níníʼááh (imperfective second-person singular)
nohʼááh (duoplural imperfective second-person)
danohʼááh (imperfective plural second-person)
yinóʼááh (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
deinóʼááh (imperfective plural third-person)
jinóʼááh (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dajinóʼááh (fourth-person imperfective plural)
nííʼaaʼ (first-person perfective singular)
niitʼaaʼ (duoplural first-person perfective)
daniitʼaaʼ (first-person perfective plural)
nííníʼaaʼ (perfective second-person singular)
nooʼaaʼ (duoplural perfective second-person)
danooʼaaʼ (perfective plural second-person)
yinííʼaaʼ (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
deineezʼaaʼ (perfective plural third-person)
jinííʼaaʼ (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dazhneezʼaaʼ (fourth-person perfective plural)

y- (3rd person object prefix) + -nó- (thematic) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -ʼááh (imperfective stem of root -ʼAAʼ, “to trick”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ʼááh</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ʼAAʼ</i>

he/she is luring him/her/it somewhere, tricking him/her/it into going somewhere


yiyiiłgąsh

yiishgąsh (first-person imperfective singular)
yiilgąsh (duoplural first-person imperfective)
deiilgąsh (first-person imperfective plural)
yiiłgąsh (imperfective second-person singular)
woołgąsh (duoplural imperfective second-person)
daoołgąsh (imperfective plural second-person)
yiyiiłgąsh (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
dayiiłgąsh (imperfective plural third-person)
jiiłgąsh (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dajiiłgąsh (fourth-person imperfective plural)
shéłgąsh (first-person perfective singular)
shiilgąsh (duoplural first-person perfective)
dashiilgąsh (first-person perfective plural)
shíníłgąsh (perfective second-person singular)
shoołgąsh (duoplural perfective second-person)
dashoołgąsh (perfective plural second-person)
yishgąsh (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
deishgąsh (perfective plural third-person)
jishgąsh (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dajishgąsh (fourth-person perfective plural)
deeshgąsh (first-person future singular)
diilgąsh (duoplural first-person future)
dadiilgąsh (first-person future plural)
dííłgąsh (future second-person singular)
doołgąsh (duoplural future second-person)
dadoołgąsh (future plural second-person)
yidoołgąsh (duoplural future singular third-person)
deidoołgąsh (future plural third-person)
jidoołgąsh (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
dazhdoołgąsh (fourth-person future plural)

y- (3rd person object prefix) + -yi- (semelfactive) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier) + -gąsh (semelfactive imperfective stem of root -GĄĄZH, “to bewitch”).

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-gąsh</i>

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-GĄĄZH</i>

he/she is casting a spell on him/her/it, bewitching him/her/it


yiyiiłchxosh

yiishchxosh (first-person imperfective singular)
yiilchxosh (duoplural first-person imperfective)
deiilchxosh (first-person imperfective plural)
yiiłchxosh (imperfective second-person singular)
woołchxosh (duoplural imperfective second-person)
daoołchxosh (imperfective plural second-person)
yiyiiłchxosh (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
dayiiłchxosh (imperfective plural third-person)
jiiłchxosh (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dajiiłchxosh (fourth-person imperfective plural)
shéłchxosh (first-person perfective singular)
shiilchxosh (duoplural first-person perfective)
dashiilchxosh (first-person perfective plural)
shíníłchxosh (perfective second-person singular)
shoołchxosh (duoplural perfective second-person)
dashoołchxosh (perfective plural second-person)
yishchxosh (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
deishchxosh (perfective plural third-person)
jishchxosh (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dajishchxosh (fourth-person perfective plural)

y- (3rd person object prefix) + -yi- (semelfactive) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier) + -chxosh (semelfactive imperfective stem of root -CHXOZH, “to pop”).

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-chxosh</i>

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-CHXOZH</i>


yiniisííł

niisííł (first-person imperfective singular)
niilzííł (duoplural first-person imperfective)
daniilzííł (first-person imperfective plural)
niisííł (imperfective second-person singular)
noohsííł (duoplural imperfective second-person)
danoohsííł (imperfective plural second-person)
yiniisííł (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
deiniisííł (imperfective plural third-person)
jiniisííł (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dazhniisííł (fourth-person imperfective plural)
niisiil (first-person perfective singular)
niilziil (duoplural first-person perfective)
daniilziil (first-person perfective plural)
ninisiil (perfective second-person singular)
noosiil (duoplural perfective second-person)
danoosiil (perfective plural second-person)
yiniisiil (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
deiniisiil (perfective plural third-person)
jiniisiil (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dazhniisiil (fourth-person perfective plural)

y- (3rd person object prefix) + -ni- (thematic) + -yi- (transitional) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier) + -zííł (transitional imperfective stem of root -ZIIL, “to be warm”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-zííł</i>

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ZIIL</i>


ditłʼo

di- (adjectival) + -∅- (ni-modal 3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -tłʼo (neuter imperfective stem of root -TŁʼO, “to be hairy”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-tłʼo</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-TŁʼO</i>

it is hairy (as a dog, sheep, etc.), hirsute


deezʼá

di- (inceptive) + -si- (modal) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -ʼá (neuter perfective stem of root -ʼÁ, “to extend”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ʼá</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ʼÁ</i>

Táaʼgo deezʼá.

it extends, it lies, it sticks (such as an elongated ridge, bluff, a mountain, a pole, the lines of a polygon, or other slender stiff objects [SFO]) .


yiyiigis

yiisgis (first-person imperfective singular)
yiigis (duoplural first-person imperfective)
deiigis (first-person imperfective plural)
yiigis (imperfective second-person singular)
woohgis (duoplural imperfective second-person)
daoohgis (imperfective plural second-person)
yiyiigis (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
dayiigis (imperfective plural third-person)
jiigis (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dajiigis (fourth-person imperfective plural)
ségis (first-person perfective singular)
siigis (duoplural first-person perfective)
dasiigis (first-person perfective plural)
sínígis (perfective second-person singular)
soogis (duoplural perfective second-person)
dasoogis (perfective plural second-person)
yizgis (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
deizgis (perfective plural third-person)
jizgis (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dajizgis (fourth-person perfective plural)

y- (3rd person object prefix) + -yi- (semelfactive) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -gis (semelfactive imperfective stem of root -GIZ, “to wash”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-gis</i>

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-GIZ</i>

he/she is washing it (something permeable)


yólgę́ę́zh

yíníshgę́ę́zh (first-person imperfective singular)
yíníilgę́ę́zh (duoplural first-person imperfective)
deíníilgę́ę́zh (first-person imperfective plural)
yínílgę́ę́zh (imperfective second-person singular)
yínółgę́ę́zh (duoplural imperfective second-person)
deínółgę́ę́zh (imperfective plural second-person)
yólgę́ę́zh (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
dayólgę́ę́zh (imperfective plural third-person)
jólgę́ę́zh (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dajólgę́ę́zh (fourth-person imperfective plural)

y- (3rd person object prefix) + -ó- (“directed at”, combining form of yíní- in the 3rd person) + -l- (classifier) + -gę́ę́zh (neuter imperfective stem of root -GĘ́Ę́ZH, “to stare”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-gę́ę́zh</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-GĘ́Ę́ZH</i>


yiyiiłhał

yiishhał (first-person imperfective singular)
yiilghał (duoplural first-person imperfective)
deiilghał (first-person imperfective plural)
yiiłhał (imperfective second-person singular)
woołhał (duoplural imperfective second-person)
daoołhał (imperfective plural second-person)
yiyiiłhał (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
dayiiłhał (imperfective plural third-person)
jiiłhał (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dajiiłhał (fourth-person imperfective plural)
séłhał (first-person perfective singular)
siilghał (duoplural first-person perfective)
dasiilghał (first-person perfective plural)
síníłhał (perfective second-person singular)
soołhał (duoplural perfective second-person)
dasoołhał (perfective plural second-person)
yisxał (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
deisxał (perfective plural third-person)
jisxał (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dajisxał (fourth-person perfective plural)


sodilzin

sodiszin (first-person imperfective singular)
sodiilzin (duoplural first-person imperfective)
sodadiilzin (first-person imperfective plural)
sodílzin (imperfective second-person singular)
sodołzin (duoplural imperfective second-person)
sodadołzin (imperfective plural second-person)
sodilzin (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
sodadilzin (imperfective plural third-person)
sozhdilzin (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
sodazhdilzin (fourth-person imperfective plural)
sodeeszin (first-person perfective singular)
sodiilzin (duoplural first-person perfective)
sodadiilzin (first-person perfective plural)
sodíínílzin (perfective second-person singular)
sodoołzin (duoplural perfective second-person)
sodadoołzin (perfective plural second-person)
sodoolzin (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
sodadoolzin (perfective plural third-person)
sozhdoolzin (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
sodazhdoolzin (fourth-person perfective plural)
sodeeszįįd (first-person perfective singular)
sodiilzįįd (duoplural first-person perfective)
sodadiilzįįd (first-person perfective plural)
sodíínílzįįd (perfective second-person singular)
sodoołzįįd (duoplural perfective second-person)
sodadoołzįįd (perfective plural second-person)
sodoolzįįd (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
sodadoolzįįd (perfective plural third-person)
sozhdoolzįįd (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
sodazhdoolzįįd (fourth-person perfective plural)
sodideeszįįł (first-person future singular)
sodidiilzįįł (duoplural first-person future)
sodadidiilzįįł (first-person future plural)
sodidíílzįįł (future second-person singular)
sodidoołzįįł (duoplural future second-person)
sodadidoołzįįł (future plural second-person)
sodidoolzįįł (duoplural future singular third-person)
sodadidoolzįįł (future plural third-person)
sozhdidoolzįįł (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
sodazhdidoolzįįł (fourth-person future plural)

so- (thematic) + -di- (thematic) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -l- (classifier) + -yin (durative imperfective stem of root -YĮĮD, “to be holy”).
Classifier and stem initial undergo special combination: -l- + -yį́į́h = -zį́į́h

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-yin</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-YĮĮD</i>


áhátʼį́

áhátʼį́ (imperfective singular third-person)
áhátʼįįh (imperfective singular third-person)
mom áhátʼįįh (imperfective singular third-person)
áhóótʼįįd (perfective singular third-person)
áhodoonííł
ánáhootʼįįh
áhóneʼ

ʼá- (“thus”) + -ho- (“space, area, things”) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -d- (classifier) + -į́ (durative imperfective stem of root -ʼĮĮD, “to make, to act”)

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-į́</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ʼĮĮD</i>


ntsáhákees

ntsáhákees (imperfective singular third-person)
ntsáháskééz (perfective singular third-person)
ntsíhodookos
ntsínáhákos
ntsóhókees

na- (atelic, circuital) + -tsí- (“mental”) + -ho- (“space, area, things”) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -d- (classifier, passive) + -kees (continuative stem of root -KÉÉZ, “to think”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-kees</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-KÉÉZ</i>

(spatial passive) to receive thought, be thought about, be considered, be given thought


naʼatłʼoʼ

naʼashtłʼoʼ (first-person imperfective singular)
naʼiitłʼoʼ (duoplural first-person imperfective)
ndaʼiitłʼoʼ (first-person imperfective plural)
naʼítłʼoʼ (imperfective second-person singular)
naʼohtłʼoʼ (duoplural imperfective second-person)
ndaʼohtłʼoʼ (imperfective plural second-person)
naʼatłʼoʼ (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
ndaʼatłʼoʼ (imperfective plural third-person)
nʼjitłʼoʼ (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
ndaʼjitłʼoʼ (fourth-person imperfective plural)
niʼsétłʼǫ́ (first-person perfective singular)
niʼsiitłʼǫ́ (duoplural first-person perfective)
ndaʼsiitłʼǫ́ (first-person perfective plural)
niʼsínítłʼǫ́ (perfective second-person singular)
niʼsootłʼǫ́ (duoplural perfective second-person)
ndaʼsootłʼǫ́ (perfective plural second-person)
naʼaztłʼǫ́ (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
ndaʼaztłʼǫ́ (perfective plural third-person)
nʼjiztłʼǫ́ (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
ndaʼjiztłʼǫ́ (fourth-person perfective plural)
nʼdeeshtłʼooł (first-person future singular)
nʼdiitłʼooł (duoplural first-person future)
ndaʼdiitłʼooł (first-person future plural)
nʼdíítłʼooł (future second-person singular)
nʼdoohtłʼooł (duoplural future second-person)
ndaʼdoohtłʼooł (future plural second-person)
nʼdootłʼooł (duoplural future singular third-person)
ndaʼdootłʼooł (future plural third-person)
nizhʼdootłʼooł (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
ndazhʼdootłʼooł (fourth-person future plural)

na- (atelic, circuital) + -ʼa- (unspecified person object prefix) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -tłʼoʼ (continuative imperfective stem of root -TŁʼǪ́, “to weave”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-tłʼoʼ</i>

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-TŁʼǪ́</i>


íinínízin

second-person singular imperfective of íinízin: "you have in mind"


íinisin

first-person singular imperfective of íinízin: "I have in mind"


íinízin

íinisin (first-person imperfective singular)
íiniidzin (duoplural first-person imperfective)
ádeiniidzin (first-person imperfective plural)
íinínízin (imperfective second-person singular)
íinohsin (duoplural imperfective second-person)
ádeinohsin (imperfective plural second-person)
íinízin (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
ádeinízin (imperfective plural third-person)
ázhnízin (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
ádazhnízin (fourth-person imperfective plural)

ʼá- (“thus”) + -yini- (meaning unclear) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -zin (neuter imperfective stem of root -ZĮĮD, “to think, to know”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-zin</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ZĮĮD</i>

he/she thinks so, has in mind, holds an opinion


yiiltééh

yiishtééh (first-person imperfective singular)
yiiltééh (duoplural first-person imperfective)
deiiltééh (first-person imperfective plural)
yiiltééh (imperfective second-person singular)
woołtééh (duoplural imperfective second-person)
daoołtééh (imperfective plural second-person)
yiiltééh (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
dayiiltééh (imperfective plural third-person)
jiiltééh (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dajiiltééh (fourth-person imperfective plural)
yiishteeʼ (first-person perfective singular)
yiilteeʼ (duoplural first-person perfective)
deiilteeʼ (first-person perfective plural)
yinilteeʼ (perfective second-person singular)
woołteeʼ (duoplural perfective second-person)
daoołteeʼ (perfective plural second-person)
yiilteeʼ (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
deilteeʼ (perfective plural third-person)
jiilteeʼ (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dajiilteeʼ (fourth-person perfective plural)

yi- (transitional) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -l- (classifier) + -tééh (transitional stem of root -TEEʼ, “to race”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-tééh</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-TEEʼ</i>

Abínídą́ą́ʼ índa táadi yiishteeʼ.

This morning was the third time I have gone for a run.

he/she/it runs, takes a run, goes for a run


yoołmas

yismas (first-person progressive singular)
yiilmas (duoplural first-person progressive)
deíníilmáás (first-person plural progressive)
yíłmas (progressive second-person singular)
wołmas (duoplural progressive second-person)
deínółmáás (plural progressive second-person)
yoołmas (duoplural progressive singular third-person)
deíłmáás (plural progressive third-person)
joołmas (duoplural fourth-person progressive singular)
dajíłmáás (fourth-person plural progressive)

yi- (progressive) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -mas (imperfective stem of root -MÁÁZ, “to roll”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-mas</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-MÁÁZ</i>


yíłmáás

nismáás (first-person imperfective singular)
niilmáás (duoplural first-person imperfective)
daniilmáás (first-person imperfective plural)
níłmáás (imperfective second-person singular)
nołmáás (duoplural imperfective second-person)
danołmáás (imperfective plural second-person)
yíłmáás (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
deíłmáás (imperfective plural third-person)
jíłmáás (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dajíłmáás (fourth-person imperfective plural)
níłmááz (first-person perfective singular)
niilmááz (duoplural first-person perfective)
daniilmááz (first-person perfective plural)
yíníłmááz (perfective second-person singular)
noołmááz (duoplural perfective second-person)
danoołmááz (perfective plural second-person)
yiníłmááz (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
deismááz (perfective plural third-person)
jiníłmááz (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dajismááz (fourth-person perfective plural)
deesmas (first-person future singular)
diilmas (duoplural first-person future)
dadiilmas (first-person future plural)
dííłmas (future second-person singular)
doołmas (duoplural future second-person)
dadoołmas (future plural second-person)
yidoołmas (duoplural future singular third-person)
deidoołmas (future plural third-person)
jidoołmas (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
dazhdoołmas (fourth-person future plural)

y- (3rd person object prefix) + -◌́- (ni-modal 3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier, causative) + -máás (imperfective stem of root -MÁÁZ, “to roll”).
The stem -máás (“globular, spherical, ball-like shape”) is cognate with -bą́ą́z (“hooplike, ringlike shape”), possibly from Proto-Athabaskan *wątsʼ (“roll”)

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-máás</i>

Jooł hashtłʼish biih níłmááz

sitsiitsʼiin nismáás


halneʼ

hashneʼ (first-person imperfective singular)
hwiilneʼ (duoplural first-person imperfective)
dahwiilneʼ (first-person imperfective plural)
hólneʼ (imperfective second-person singular)
hołneʼ (duoplural imperfective second-person)
dahołneʼ (imperfective plural second-person)
halneʼ (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
dahalneʼ (imperfective plural third-person)
hojilneʼ (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dahojilneʼ (fourth-person imperfective plural)
hweeshneʼ (first-person perfective singular)
hwiilneʼ (duoplural first-person perfective)
dahwiilneʼ (first-person perfective plural)
hwíínílneʼ (perfective second-person singular)
hoołneʼ (duoplural perfective second-person)
dahoołneʼ (perfective plural second-person)
hoolneʼ (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
dahoolneʼ (perfective plural third-person)
hojoolneʼ (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dahojoolneʼ (fourth-person perfective plural)
hodeeshnih (first-person future singular)
hodiilnih (duoplural first-person future)
dahodiilnih (first-person future plural)
hodíílnih (future second-person singular)
hodoołnih (duoplural future second-person)
dahodoołnih (future plural second-person)
hodoolnih (duoplural future singular third-person)
dahodoolnih (future plural third-person)
hozhdoolnih (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
dahozhdoolnih (fourth-person future plural)
náháshnih (first-person singular)
náhwiilnih (duoplural first-person)
nídahwiilnih (first-person plural)
náhólnih (second-person singular)
náhółnih (duoplural second-person)
nídahołnih (plural second-person)
náhálnih (duoplural singular third-person)
nídahalnih (plural third-person)
náhojilnih (duoplural fourth-person singular)
nídahojilnih (fourth-person plural)
hóshneʼ (first-person singular)
hoolneʼ (duoplural first-person)
dahoolneʼ (first-person plural)
hóólneʼ (second-person singular)
hoolneʼ (duoplural second-person)
dahoolneʼ (plural second-person)
hólneʼ (duoplural singular third-person)
dahólneʼ (plural third-person)
hojólneʼ (duoplural fourth-person singular)
dahojólneʼ (fourth-person plural)

ho- (“space, area, things”) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -l- (classifier) + -neʼ (durative imperfective stem of root -NEʼ, “to tell”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-neʼ</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-NEʼ</i>

Bee nił hodeeshnih.

Shee yił halneʼ.

he/she is talking about, recounting, telling about (is used with bee “about” and bił “to whom”)

Hazhóʼó baa hweeshneʼ.

(with hazhóʼó) he/she explains it (the object is referred by baa)


digeeh

dishgeeh (first-person imperfective singular)
diigeeh (duoplural first-person imperfective)
dadiigeeh (first-person imperfective plural)
dígeeh (imperfective second-person singular)
dohgeeh (duoplural imperfective second-person)
dadohgeeh (imperfective plural second-person)
digeeh (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
dadigeeh (imperfective plural third-person)
jidigeeh (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dazhdigeeh (fourth-person imperfective plural)
dégoʼ (first-person perfective singular)
deegoʼ (duoplural first-person perfective)
dadeegoʼ (first-person perfective plural)
dínígoʼ (perfective second-person singular)
disoogoʼ (duoplural perfective second-person)
dadisoogoʼ (perfective plural second-person)
deezgoʼ (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
dadeezgoʼ (perfective plural third-person)
jideezgoʼ (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dazhdeezgoʼ (fourth-person perfective plural)
dideeshgoh (first-person future singular)
didiigoh (duoplural first-person future)
dadidiigoh (first-person future plural)
didíígoh (future second-person singular)
didoohgoh (duoplural future second-person)
dadidoohgoh (future plural second-person)
didoogoh (duoplural future singular third-person)
dadidoogoh (future plural third-person)
dizhdoogoh (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
dazhdidoogoh (fourth-person future plural)

di- (inceptive) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -geeh (imperfective stem of root -GOʼ, “to fall”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-geeh</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-GOʼ</i>

he/she is falling (from a standing position), tripping


diidiłjeeh

didishjeeh (first-person imperfective singular)
didiiljeeh (duoplural first-person imperfective)
didadiiljeeh (first-person imperfective plural)
didíłjeeh (imperfective second-person singular)
didołjeeh (duoplural imperfective second-person)
didadołjeeh (imperfective plural second-person)
diidiłjeeh (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
dideidiłjeeh (imperfective plural third-person)
dizhdiłjeeh (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
didazhdiłjeeh (fourth-person imperfective plural)
didííłjééʼ (first-person perfective singular)
didiiljééʼ (duoplural first-person perfective)
didadiiljééʼ (first-person perfective plural)
didííníłjééʼ (perfective second-person singular)
didoołjééʼ (duoplural perfective second-person)
didadoołjééʼ (perfective plural second-person)
diidííłjééʼ (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
dideidííłjééʼ (perfective plural third-person)
dizhdííłjééʼ (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
didazhdííłjééʼ (fourth-person perfective plural)
didideeshjah (first-person future singular)
dididiiljah (duoplural first-person future)
didadidiiljah (first-person future plural)
dididííłjah (future second-person singular)
dididoołjah (duoplural future second-person)
didadidoołjah (future plural second-person)
diididoołjah (duoplural future singular third-person)
dideididoołjah (future plural third-person)
dizhdidoołjah (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
didazhdidoołjah (fourth-person future plural)

he/she is making it, starting it, building it (a fire)


yinaalnish

binaashnish (first-person imperfective singular)
bineiilnish (duoplural first-person imperfective)
bindeiilnish (first-person imperfective plural)
binanilnish (imperfective second-person singular)
binaołnish (duoplural imperfective second-person)
bindaołnish (imperfective plural second-person)
yinaalnish (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
yindaalnish (imperfective plural third-person)
binjilnish (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
bindajilnish (fourth-person imperfective plural)
binishishnish (first-person perfective singular)
binishiilnish (duoplural first-person perfective)
bindashiilnish (first-person perfective plural)
binishínílnish (perfective second-person singular)
binishoołnish (duoplural perfective second-person)
bindashoołnish (perfective plural second-person)
yinaashnish (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
yindaashnish (perfective plural third-person)
binjishnish (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
bindajishnish (fourth-person perfective plural)
bindeeshnish (first-person future singular)
bindiilnish (duoplural first-person future)
bindadiilnish (first-person future plural)
bindíílnish (future second-person singular)
bindoołnish (duoplural future second-person)
bindadoołnish (future plural second-person)
yindoolnish (duoplural future singular third-person)
yindadoolnish (future plural third-person)
binizhdoolnish (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
bindazhdoolnish (fourth-person future plural)

bi- (3rd person indirect object prefix) + -na- (atelic, circuital) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -l- (classifier, thematic) + -nish (continuative imperfective stem of root -NISH, “to work”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-nish</i>

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-NISH</i>


yikʼíididis

bikʼídísdis (first-person imperfective singular)
bikʼídiidis (duoplural first-person imperfective)
bikʼídadiidis (first-person imperfective plural)
bikʼídídis (imperfective second-person singular)
bikʼídóhdis (duoplural imperfective second-person)
bikʼídadohdis (imperfective plural second-person)
yikʼíididis (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
yikʼídeididis (imperfective plural third-person)
bikʼízhdídis (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
bikʼídazhdidis (fourth-person imperfective plural)
bikʼídédiz (first-person perfective singular)
bikʼídeediz (duoplural first-person perfective)
bikʼídadeediz (first-person perfective plural)
bikʼídínídiz (perfective second-person singular)
bikʼídisoodiz (duoplural perfective second-person)
bikʼídadisoodiz (perfective plural second-person)
yikʼíideezdiz (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
yikʼídeideezdiz (perfective plural third-person)
bikʼízhdeezdiz (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
bikʼídazhdeezdiz (fourth-person perfective plural)
bikʼídideesdis (first-person future singular)
bikʼídidiidis (duoplural first-person future)
bikʼídadidiidis (first-person future plural)
bikʼídidíídis (future second-person singular)
bikʼídidoohdis (duoplural future second-person)
bikʼídadidoohdis (future plural second-person)
yikʼíididoodis (duoplural future singular third-person)
yikʼídeididoodis (future plural third-person)
bikʼízhdidoodis (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
bikʼídazhdidoodis (fourth-person future plural)

b- (thematic) + -kʼí- (“onto”) + -y- (3rd person object prefix) + -di- (thematic) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -dis (imperfective stem of root -DIZ, “to twist”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-dis</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-DIZ</i>

he/she is wrapping it (direct object) around it (indirect object) in a spiral fashion

he/she is bandaging it (indirect object) with it (direct object)


yą́ą́ʼdíłgééd

head

yą́ą́ʼdíłgééd

bą́ą́ʼdíshgééd (first-person imperfective singular)
bą́ą́ʼdiilgééd (duoplural first-person imperfective)
bą́ą́daʼdiilgééd (first-person imperfective plural)
bą́ą́ʼdíłgééd (imperfective second-person singular)
bą́ą́ʼdółgééd (duoplural imperfective second-person)
bą́ą́daʼdołgééd (imperfective plural second-person)
yą́ą́ʼdíłgééd (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
yą́ą́daʼdiłgééd (imperfective plural third-person)
bą́ą́zhʼdíłgééd (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
bą́ą́dazhʼdiłgééd (fourth-person imperfective plural)
bą́ą́ʼdííłgeed (first-person perfective singular)
bą́ą́ʼdiilgeed (duoplural first-person perfective)
bą́ą́daʼdiilgeed (first-person perfective plural)
bą́ą́ʼdííníłgeed (perfective second-person singular)
bą́ą́ʼdoołgeed (duoplural perfective second-person)
bą́ą́daʼdoołgeed (perfective plural second-person)
yą́ą́ʼdííłgeed (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
yą́ą́daʼdííłgeed (perfective plural third-person)
bą́ą́zhʼdííłgeed (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
bą́ą́dazhʼdííłgeed (fourth-person perfective plural)
bą́ą́diʼdeeshgoł (first-person future singular)
bą́ą́diʼdiilgoł (duoplural first-person future)
bą́ą́dadiʼdiilgoł (first-person future plural)
bą́ą́diʼdííłgoł (future second-person singular)
bą́ą́diʼdoołgoł (duoplural future second-person)
bą́ą́dadiʼdoołgoł (future plural second-person)
yą́ą́diʼdoołgoł (duoplural future singular third-person)
yą́ą́dadiʼdoołgoł (future plural third-person)
bą́ą́zhdiʼdoołgoł (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
bą́ą́dazhdiʼdoołgoł (fourth-person future plural)

bi- (3rd person indirect object prefix) + -ą́- (“passing by, alongside”) + -ná- (“back”, reversionary) + -ʼa- (unspecified person object prefix) + -di- (“relinquish”) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix)+ -ł- (classifier) + -gééd (imperfective stem of root -GEED, “to stick”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-gééd</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-GEED</i>


ánítʼé

second-person singular imperfective of átʼé


háígeed

first-person singular perfective of haigééd


háíshaazh

first-person singular perfective of haisháásh


íishłaa

first-person singular perfective of íílééh


naałchiʼ

second-person dual imperfective of naalchiʼ


naałtsoos

second-person dual imperfective of neiłtsoos


íidazhnízin

fourth-person plural imperfective of íinízin


dazhnízin

fourth-person plural imperfective of nízin

fourth-person plural imperfective of yinízin


nítʼééʼ

ńtʼééʼ ńtʼééʼ#Navajo


jílį́

fourth-person singular/duoplural imperfective of nilį́


ídlį́

being, there is being, there is existence


sitʼé

si- (modal) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -tʼé (neuter perfective stem of root -TʼÉ, “to cook — intransitive”)

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-tʼé</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-TʼÉ</i>

Naalʼeełí sitʼéego shił ayóó ʼátʼé.


tsédídéehgo dootłʼizh

From tsédédééh (“Colorado four o'clock”, the flower (Mirabilis multiflora)) + -go (adverbial suffix) + dootłʼizh (“blue”).


nigan

second-person singular imperfective of yigan


ájiiłʼįįh

usitative fourth-person singular of íílééh


nináháłtį́į́h

head

nináháłtį́į́h

/nɪ̀nɑ́hɑ́ɬtʰĩ́ːh/


nahóółtą́

/nɑ̀hóːɬtʰɑ̃́/


nahodoołtį́į́ł

/nɑ̀hòtòːɬtʰĩ́ːɬ/


yáníłtiʼ

/jɑ́nɪ́ɬtʰɪ̀ʔ/

second-person singular imperfective of yáłtiʼ


yéiiltiʼ

/jɛ́ìːltʰɪ̀ʔ/

first-person duoplural imperfective of yáłtiʼ

first-person duoplural perfective of yáłtiʼ


yádeiiltiʼ

/jɑ́tɛ̀ìːltʰɪ̀ʔ/

first-person plural imperfective of yáłtiʼ

first-person plural perfective of yáłtiʼ


yádaałtiʼ

/jɑ́tɑ̀ːɬtɪ̀ʔ/

second-person plural imperfective of yáłtiʼ

third-person plural imperfective of yáłtiʼ


ííníłtaʼ

/ʔíːnɪ́ɬtʰɑ̀ʔ/

second-person singular imperfective of ółtaʼ

second-person singular perfective of ółtaʼ


ííníiltaʼ

/ʔíːnîːltʰɑ̀ʔ/

first-person duoplural imperfective of ółtaʼ


íínółtaʼ

/ʔíːnóɬtʰɑ̀ʔ/

second-person duoplural imperfective of ółtaʼ


daʼííníiltaʼ

/tɑ̀ʔíːnîːltʰɑ̀ʔ/

first-person plural imperfective of ółtaʼ


daʼíínółtaʼ

/tɑ̀ʔíːnóɬtʰɑ̀ʔ/

second-person plural imperfective of ółtaʼ


daʼółtaʼ

/tɑ̀ʔóɬtʰɑ̀ʔ/

third-person plural imperfective of ółtaʼ


bóhoołʼaah

/póhòːɬʔɑ̀ːh/

second-person singular imperfective of yíhoołʼaah


bíhwiilʼaah

/pɪ́hʷìːlʔɑ̀ːh/

first-person duoplural imperfective of yíhoołʼaah


bíhoołʼaah

/pɪ́hòːɬʔɑ̀ːh/

second-person duoplural imperfective of yíhoołʼaah


bídahwiilʼaah

/pɪ́tɑ̀hʷìːlʼɑ̀ːh/

first-person plural imperfective of yíhoołʼaah


bídahoołʼaah

/pɪ́dɑ̀hòːɬʔɑ̀ːh/

second-person plural imperfective of yíhoołʼaah


yídahoołʼaah

/jɪ́tɑ̀hòːɬʔɑ̀ːh/

third-person plural imperfective of yíhoołʼaah


deetʼáázh

first-person duoplural perfective of dighááh


deekai

first-person plural perfective of dighááh


díníyá

second-person singular perfective of dighááh


dishooʼáázh

/tɪ̀ʃòːʔɑ́ːʒ/

second-person duoplural perfective of dighááh


disoohkai

/tɪ̀sòːhkʰɑ̀ɪ̀/

second-person plural perfective of dighááh


deezhʼáázh

third-person duoplural perfective of dighááh


deeskai

/tèːskʰɑ̀ɪ̀/

third-person plural perfective of dighááh


dishní

first-person singular imperfective of ní


diiʼní

first-person duoplural imperfective of ní


dadiiʼní

/tɑ̀tìːʔnɪ́/


dohní

second-person duoplural imperfective of ní


niidzin

first-person duoplural imperfective of nízin

first-person duoplural imperfective of yinízin


daniidzin

/tɑ̀nìːt͡sɪ̀n/

first-person plural imperfective of nízin

first-person plural imperfective of yinízin


nínízin

/nɪ́nɪ́zɪ̀n/

second-person singular imperfective of nízin

second-person singular imperfective of yinízin


nohsin

second-person duoplural imperfective of nízin

second-person duoplural imperfective of yinízin


danohsin

second-person plural imperfective of nízin

second-person plural imperfective of yinízin


danízin

/tɑ̀nɪ́zɪ̀n/

third-person plural imperfective of nízin


daʼiidą́

/tɑ̀ʔìːtɑ̃́/


ohsą́

second-person duoplural durative of ayą́


daʼohsą́

/tɑ̀ʔòhsɑ̃́/


daʼayą́

/tɑ̀ʔɑ̀jɑ̃́/


adinídíín

/ʔɑ̀tɪ̀nɪ́tíːn/

ʼa- (unspecified person subject prefix) + -di- (“fire”) + -ní- (ni-perfective 3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -díín (neuter perfective stem of root -DÍÍN, “to reflect light”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-díín</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-DÍÍN</i>


bééhasin

/péːhɑ̀sɪ̀n/

first-person singular imperfective of yééhósin


yééhósin

bééhonisin (first-person imperfective singular)
bééhoniilzin (duoplural first-person imperfective)
béédahoniilzin (first-person imperfective plural)
bééhonísin (imperfective second-person singular)
bééhonohsin (duoplural imperfective second-person)
béédahonohsin (imperfective plural second-person)
yééhósin (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
yéédahósin (imperfective plural third-person)
bééhojísin (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
béédahojísin (fourth-person imperfective plural)

b- (thematic) + -é- (“about”) + -ná- (“around”) + -ho- (“space, area, things”) + -◌́- (ni-modal 3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier) + -zin (neuter imperfective stem of root -ZĮĮD, “to know”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-zin</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ZĮĮD</i>

Eii dinéésh bééhonísin?

Kii Ben Shelly yééhósin

to know (a person), know it, know something, get acquainted with


bééhonísin

/péːhònɪ́sɪ̀n/

second-person singular imperfective of yééhósin


bééhoniilzin

first-person duoplural imperfective of yééhósin


bééhonohsin

second-person duoplural imperfective of yééhósin


béédahoniilzin

/péːtɑ̀hònìːlzɪ̀n/

first-person plural imperfective of yééhósin


béédahonohsin

second-person plural imperfective of yééhósin