doo

Dine bizaad bóhooshʼaah doo ńtʼééʼ.

Éí nizhóní doo ńtʼééʼ.

That would have been nice; that could have been nice.

ńtʼééʼ ńtʼééʼ#Navajo

When paired with ńtʼééʼ, forms a conditional:


nikad

second-person singular imperfective of yikad


siitin

first-person duoplural perfective of yitin


nisin

first-person singular imperfective of nízin: "I think"

first-person singular imperfective of yinízin: "I want (something)"


sido

si- (modal) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -do (neuter perfective stem of root -DOII, “to be hot”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-do</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-DOII</i>


sih

sih (imperfective singular third-person)
yísih (perfective singular third-person)
doosih
násih
wósih

∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -sih (“hope”, noun stem used as a verb stem)


nicha

second-person singular imperfective of yicha


ní

dishní (first-person singular)
diiʼní (duoplural first-person)
dadiiʼní (first-person plural)
diní (second-person singular)
dohní (duoplural second-person)
dadohní (plural second-person)
ní (duoplural singular third-person)
daaní (plural third-person)
jiní (duoplural fourth-person singular)
dajiní (fourth-person plural)
dííniid (first-person perfective singular)
diiʼniid (duoplural first-person perfective)
dadiiʼniid (first-person perfective plural)
dííníniid (perfective second-person singular)
dooniid (duoplural perfective second-person)
dadooniid (perfective plural second-person)
dííniid (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
dadííniid (perfective plural third-person)
jidííniid (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dazhdííniid (fourth-person perfective plural)
dideeshniił (first-person future singular)
didiiʼniił (duoplural first-person future)
dadidiiʼniił (first-person future plural)
didííniił (future second-person singular)
didoohniił (duoplural future second-person)
dadidoohniił (future plural second-person)
didooniił (duoplural future singular third-person)
dadidooniił (future plural third-person)
dizhdooniił (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
dazhdidooniił (fourth-person future plural)
ńdíshʼniih (first-person singular)
ńdiiʼniih (duoplural first-person)
ńdadiiʼniih (first-person plural)
ńdíʼniih (second-person singular)
ńdóhʼniih (duoplural second-person)
ńdadohʼniih (plural second-person)
ńdíʼniih (duoplural singular third-person)
ńdadiʼniih (plural third-person)
nízhdíʼniih (duoplural fourth-person singular)
ńdazhdiʼniih (fourth-person plural)
dóshneʼ (first-person singular)
dooʼneʼ (duoplural first-person)
dadooʼneʼ (first-person plural)
dóóneʼ (second-person singular)
doohneʼ (duoplural second-person)
dadoohneʼ́ (plural second-person)
dóneʼ (duoplural singular third-person)
dadóneʼ (plural third-person)
jidóneʼ (duoplural fourth-person singular)
dazhdóneʼ (fourth-person plural)

di- (“oral”) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -ní (neuter imperfective stem of root -NIID, “to say”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ní</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-NIID</i>

Dooda, dishní!


sigan

si- (modal) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -gan (neuter perfective stem of root -GAN, “to dry up, wither”).

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-gan</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-GAN</i>


naashné

first-person singular imperfective of naané


naniné

second-person singular imperfective of naané


naané

naashné (first-person imperfective singular)
neiiʼné (duoplural first-person imperfective)
nideiiʼné (first-person imperfective plural)
naniné (imperfective second-person singular)
naahné (duoplural imperfective second-person)
nidaahné (imperfective plural second-person)
naané (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
nidaané (imperfective plural third-person)
nijiné (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
nidajiné (fourth-person imperfective plural)
niséneʼ (first-person perfective singular)
nisiiʼneʼ (duoplural first-person perfective)
nidasiiʼneʼ (first-person perfective plural)
nisíníneʼ (perfective second-person singular)
nisooneʼ (duoplural perfective second-person)
nidasooneʼ (perfective plural second-person)
naazneʼ (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
nidaazneʼ (perfective plural third-person)
nijizneʼ (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
nidajizneʼ (fourth-person perfective plural)
nideeshneeł (first-person future singular)
nidiiʼneeł (duoplural first-person future)
nidadiiʼneeł (first-person future plural)
nidííneeł (future second-person singular)
nidoohneeł (duoplural future second-person)
nidadoohneeł (future plural second-person)
nidooneeł (duoplural future singular third-person)
nidadooneeł (future plural third-person)
nizhdooneeł (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
nidazhdooneeł (fourth-person future plural)
nináshʼneeh (first-person singular)
ninéiiʼneeh (duoplural first-person)
ninádeiiʼneeh (first-person plural)
nináníʼneeh (second-person singular)
nináhʼneeh (duoplural second-person)
ninádaahʼneeh (plural second-person)
nináʼneeh (duoplural singular third-person)
ninádaaʼneeh (plural third-person)
ninájíʼneeh (duoplural fourth-person singular)
ninádajiʼneeh (fourth-person plural)
naooshneʼ (first-person singular)
naooʼneʼ (duoplural first-person)
ndaooʼneʼ (first-person plural)
naóóneʼ (second-person singular)
naoohneʼ (duoplural second-person)
ndaoohneʼ (plural second-person)
naooneʼ (duoplural singular third-person)
ndaooneʼ (plural third-person)
njóneʼ (duoplural fourth-person singular)
ndajóneʼ (fourth-person plural)

na- (atelic, circuital) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -né (continuative imperfective stem of root -NEʼ, “to play”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-né</i>

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-NEʼ</i>

Amásání doo naanée da!

Bee naané.

He plays with it (a toy); he plays it (a musical instrument).

Bił naané.


neiiʼné

first-person duoplural of naané: we are playing

first-person duoplural of naaʼné: we are wild


naohné

second-person dual imperfective of naané


nideiiʼné

first-person plural imperfective of naané


nidaohné

second-person plural imperfective of naané


nidaané

third-person plural imperfective of naané


niséneʼ

first-person singular perfective of naané


nisíníneʼ

second-person singular perfective of naané


naazneʼ

third-person singular/dual perfective of naané


nidasooneʼ

second-person plural perfective of naané


yiłbéézh

yishbéézh (first-person imperfective singular)
yiilbéézh (duoplural first-person imperfective)
deiilbéézh (first-person imperfective plural)
niłbéézh (imperfective second-person singular)
wołbéézh (duoplural imperfective second-person)
daałbéézh (imperfective plural second-person)
yiłbéézh (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
deiłbéézh (imperfective plural third-person)
jiłbéézh (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dajiłbéézh (fourth-person imperfective plural)
shéłbéézh (first-person perfective singular)
shiilbéézh (duoplural first-person perfective)
dashiilbéézh (first-person perfective plural)
shíníłbéézh (perfective second-person singular)
shoołbéézh (duoplural perfective second-person)
dashoołbéézh (perfective plural second-person)
yishbéézh (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
deishbéézh (perfective plural third-person)
jishbéézh (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dajishbéézh (fourth-person perfective plural)
deeshbish (first-person future singular)
diilbish (duoplural first-person future)
dadiilbish (first-person future plural)
dííłbish (future second-person singular)
doołbish (duoplural future second-person)
dadoołbish (future plural second-person)
yidoołbish (duoplural future singular third-person)
deidoołbish (future plural third-person)
jidoołbish (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
dazhdoołbish (fourth-person future plural)

y- (3rd person object prefix) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier, causative) + -béézh (conclusive imperfective stem of root -BÉÉZH, “to boil”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-béézh</i>

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-BÉÉZH</i>


yishbéézh

first-person singular imperfective of yiłbéézh

third-person singular/dual perfective of yiłbéézh


niłbéézh

second-person singular imperfective of yiłbéézh


nidooneeł

third-person singular/dual future of naané


yiilbéézh

first-person dual imperfective of yiłbéézh


wołbéézh

second-person dual imperfective of yiłbéézh


yicha

yishcha (first-person imperfective singular)
yiicha (duoplural first-person imperfective)
deiicha (first-person imperfective plural)
nicha (imperfective second-person singular)
wohcha (duoplural imperfective second-person)
daahcha (imperfective plural second-person)
yicha (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
daacha (imperfective plural third-person)
jicha (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dajicha (fourth-person imperfective plural)
yícha (first-person perfective singular)
yiicha (duoplural first-person perfective)
deiicha (first-person perfective plural)
yínícha (perfective second-person singular)
woocha (duoplural perfective second-person)
daoocha (perfective plural second-person)
yícha (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
dáácha (perfective plural third-person)
jíícha (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dajíícha (fourth-person perfective plural)
deeshchah (first-person future singular)
diichah (duoplural first-person future)
dadiichah (first-person future plural)
dííchah (future second-person singular)
doohchah (duoplural future second-person)
dadoohchah (future plural second-person)
doochah (duoplural future singular third-person)
dadoochah (future plural third-person)
jidoochah (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
dazhdoochah (fourth-person future plural)

y- (peg element) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -cha (durative imperfective stem of root -CHA, “to cry”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-cha</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-CHA</i>


yishcha

/jɪ̀ʃt͡ʃʰɑ̀/

first-person singular imperfective of yicha


wohcha

second-person dual imperfective of yicha


naalnish

naashnish (first-person imperfective singular)
neiilnish (duoplural first-person imperfective)
nideiilnish (first-person imperfective plural)
nanilnish (imperfective second-person singular)
naołnish (duoplural imperfective second-person)
nidaałnish (imperfective plural second-person)
naalnish (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
nidaalnish (imperfective plural third-person)
nijilnish (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
nidajilnish (fourth-person imperfective plural)
nishishnish (first-person perfective singular)
nishiilnish (duoplural first-person perfective)
nidashilniish (first-person perfective plural)
nishínínish (perfective second-person singular)
nishoolnish (duoplural perfective second-person)
nidashoolnish (perfective plural second-person)
naashnish (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
nidaashnish (perfective plural third-person)
nijishnish (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
nidajishnish (fourth-person perfective plural)

na- (atelic, circuital) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -l- (classifier, thematic) + -nish (continuative imperfective stem of root -NISH, “to work”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-nish</i>

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-NISH</i>

Shizhéʼé Wááshindoon yá naalnish.

bee iigisí doo naalnish da.


naashnish

first-person singular imperfective of naalnish: I am working

third-person singular/dual perfective of naalnish: He/she worked


nanilnish

second-person singular imperfective of naalnish


neiilnish

first-person dual imperfective of naalnish


naołnish

second-person dual imperfective of naalnish


deiilbéézh

first-person plural imperfective of yiłbéézh


daołbéézh

second-person plural imperfective of yiłbéézh


deiłbéézh

third-person plural imperfective of yiłbéézh


shéłbéézh

first-person singular perfective of yiłbéézh


shíníłbéézh

second-person singular perfective of yiłbéézh


shiilbéézh

first-person dual perfective of yiłbéézh


shoołbéézh

second-person dual perfective of yiłbéézh


dashoołbéézh

second-person plural perfective of yiłbéézh


dashiilbéézh

first-person plural perfective of yiłbéézh


deishbéézh

third-person plural perfective of yiłbéézh


deiicha

first-person plural imperfective of yicha


daohcha

second-person plural imperfective of yicha


daacha

third-person plural imperfective of yicha


yícha

first-person singular perfective of yicha

third-person singular/dual perfective of yicha


yínícha

second-person singular perfective of yicha


daoocha

second-person plural perfective of yicha


nideiilnish

first-person plural imperfective of naalnish


nidaołnish

second-person plural imperfective of naalnish


nidaalnish

third-person plural imperfective of naalnish


nishishnish

first-person singular perfective of naalnish


haiłgéésh

haashgéésh (first-person imperfective singular)
haiilgéésh (duoplural first-person imperfective)
hadeiilgéésh (first-person imperfective plural)
haniłgéésh (imperfective second-person singular)
haałgéésh (duoplural imperfective second-person)
hadaałgéésh (imperfective plural second-person)
haiłgéésh (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
hadeiłgéésh (imperfective plural third-person)
hajiłgéésh (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
hadajiłgéésh (fourth-person imperfective plural)
hááłgizh (first-person perfective singular)
haiilgizh (duoplural first-person perfective)
hadeiilgizh (first-person perfective plural)
háíníłgizh (perfective second-person singular)
haoołgizh (duoplural perfective second-person)
hadaoołgizh (perfective plural second-person)
hayííłgizh (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
hadeishgizh (perfective plural third-person)
hajííłgizh (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
hadajishgizh (fourth-person perfective plural)
hadeeshgish (first-person future singular)
hadiilgish (duoplural first-person future)
hadadiilgish (first-person future plural)
hadííłgish (future second-person singular)
hadoołgish (duoplural future second-person)
hadadoołgish (future plural second-person)
haidoołgish (duoplural future singular third-person)
hadeidoołgish (future plural third-person)
hazhdoołgish (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
hadazhdoołgish (fourth-person future plural)

/hɑ̀ɪ̀ɬkéːʃ/

ha- (“up out”) + -y- (3rd person object prefix) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier) + -géésh (imperfective stem of root -GIZH, “to cut”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-géésh</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-GIZH</i>

Alkąąd łaʼ shá haniłgéésh.

he/she is cutting it out, he/she cuts out a pattern


naaʼnaʼ

naashʼnaʼ (first-person imperfective singular)
neiiʼnaʼ (duoplural first-person imperfective)
nideiiʼnaʼ (first-person imperfective plural)
naniʼnaʼ (imperfective second-person singular)
naahʼnaʼ (duoplural imperfective second-person)
nidaahʼnaʼ (imperfective plural second-person)
naaʼnaʼ (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
nidaaʼnaʼ (imperfective plural third-person)
nijiʼnaʼ (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
nidajiʼnaʼ (fourth-person imperfective plural)
nisisʼnaʼ (first-person perfective singular)
nisiiʼnaʼ (duoplural first-person perfective)
nidasiiʼnaʼ (first-person perfective plural)
nisíníʼnaʼ (perfective second-person singular)
nisoohʼnaʼ (duoplural perfective second-person)
nidasoohʼnaʼ (perfective plural second-person)
naasʼnaʼ (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
nidaasʼnaʼ (perfective plural third-person)
nijisʼnaʼ (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
nidajisʼnaʼ (fourth-person perfective plural)
ndeeshʼnah (first-person future singular)
ndiiʼnah (duoplural first-person future)
ndadiiʼnah (first-person future plural)
ndííʼnah (future second-person singular)
ndoohʼnah (duoplural future second-person)
ndadoohʼnah (future plural second-person)
ndooʼnah (duoplural future singular third-person)
ndadooʼnah (future plural third-person)
nizhdooʼnah (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
ndazhdooʼnah (fourth-person future plural)

na- (atelic, circuital) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -d- (classifier, thematic) + -naʼ (continuative imperfective stem of root -NAʼ, “to crawl”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-naʼ</i>

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-NAʼ</i>


naashʼnaʼ

first-person singular imperfective of naaʼnaʼ


naniʼnaʼ

second-person singular imperfective of naaʼnaʼ


neiiʼnaʼ

first-person dual imperfective of naaʼnaʼ


naohʼnaʼ

second-person dual imperfective of naaʼnaʼ


nideiiʼnaʼ

first-person plural imperfective of naaʼnaʼ


nidaohʼnaʼ

second-person plural imperfective of naaʼnaʼ


nidaaʼnaʼ

third-person plural imperfective of naaʼnaʼ


haashgéésh

first-person singular imperfective of haiłgéésh


haniłgéésh

second-person singular imperfective of haiłgéésh


haiilgéésh

first-person dual imperfective of haiłgéésh


haołgéésh

second-person dual imperfective of haiłgéésh


hadeiilgéésh

first-person plural imperfective of haiłgéésh


hadaołgéésh

second-person plural imperfective of haiłgéésh


hadeiłgéésh

third-person plural imperfective of haiłgéésh


yáłtiʼ

yáshtiʼ (first-person imperfective singular)
yéiiltiʼ (duoplural first-person imperfective)
yádeiiltiʼ (first-person imperfective plural)
yáníłtiʼ (imperfective second-person singular)
yáłtiʼ (duoplural imperfective second-person)
yádaałtiʼ (imperfective plural second-person)
yáłtiʼ (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
yádaałtiʼ (imperfective plural third-person)
yájíłtiʼ (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
yádajiłtiʼ (fourth-person imperfective plural)
yááłtiʼ (first-person perfective singular)
yéiiltiʼ (duoplural first-person perfective)
yádeiiltiʼ (first-person perfective plural)
yéíníłtiʼ (perfective second-person singular)
yáoołtiʼ (duoplural perfective second-person)
yádaoołtiʼ (perfective plural second-person)
yááłtiʼ (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
yádááłtiʼ (perfective plural third-person)
yájííłtiʼ (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
yádajííłtiʼ (fourth-person perfective plural)
yádeeshtih (first-person future singular)
yádiiltih (duoplural first-person future)
yádadiiltih (first-person future plural)
yádííłtih (future second-person singular)
yádoołtih (duoplural future second-person)
yádadoołtih (future plural second-person)
yádoołtih (duoplural future singular third-person)
yádadoołtih (future plural third-person)
yázhdoołtih (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
yádazhdoołtih (fourth-person future plural)

yá- (thematic) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier) + -tiʼ (durative imperfective stem of root -TIʼ, “to talk”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-tiʼ</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-TIʼ</i>

Naʼáłchíní hólǫ́ǫgo éí nizaad bee bichʼįʼ yáníłtiʼ. Nihimá dóó nihizhéʼé Bilagáana bizaad bił nantłʼah ndi Bilagáanají nihichʼįʼ yádááłtiʼ ńtʼééʼ.

If you have children, talk to them in your language. Our mothers and fathers spoke to many of us in the white man’s language even though it was difficult for them.

Daʼ Diné bizaadísh beeyáníłtiʼ?


nitsékees

nitséskees (first-person imperfective singular)
nitsíikees (duoplural first-person imperfective)
nitsídeiikees (first-person imperfective plural)
nitsíníkees (imperfective second-person singular)
nitsíóhkees (duoplural imperfective second-person)
nitsídaahkees (imperfective plural second-person)
nitsékees (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
nitsídaakees (imperfective plural third-person)
nitsíjíkees (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
nitsídajikees (fourth-person imperfective plural)
nitsísékééz (first-person perfective singular)
nitsísiikééz (duoplural first-person perfective)
nitsídasiikééz (first-person perfective plural)
nitsísíníkééz (perfective second-person singular)
nitsísookééz (duoplural perfective second-person)
nitsídasookééz (perfective plural second-person)
nitsézkééz (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
nitsídaazkééz (perfective plural third-person)
nitsíjízkééz (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
nitsídajizkééz (fourth-person perfective plural)
nitsídeeskos (first-person future singular)
nitsídiikos (duoplural first-person future)
nitsídadiikos (first-person future plural)
nitsídííkos (future second-person singular)
nitsídoohkos (duoplural future second-person)
nitsídadoohkos (future plural second-person)
nitsídookos (duoplural future singular third-person)
nitsídadookos (future plural third-person)
nitsízhdookos (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
nitsídazhdookos (fourth-person future plural)
nitsínáskos (first-person singular)
nitsínéiikos (duoplural first-person)
nitsíńdéiikos (first-person plural)
nitsínáníkos (second-person singular)
nitsínáhkos (duoplural second-person)
nitsíńdáhkos (plural second-person)
nitsínákos (duoplural singular third-person)
nitsíńdákos (plural third-person)
nitsíńjíkos (duoplural fourth-person singular)
nitsíńdajikos (fourth-person plural)
nitsóoskees (first-person singular)
nitsóokees (duoplural first-person)
nitsídaookees (first-person plural)
nitsóókees (second-person singular)
nitsóohkees (duoplural second-person)
nitsídaoohkees (plural second-person)
nitsóokees (duoplural singular third-person)
nitsídaookees (plural third-person)
nitsíjókees (duoplural fourth-person singular)
nitsídajókees (fourth-person plural)
ntsékees (alternative)

/nɪ̀t͡sʰɛ́kʰèːs/

na- (atelic, circuital) + -tsí- (“mental”) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -kees (continuative stem of root -KÉÉZ, “to think”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-kees</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-KÉÉZ</i>

Bilagáana kʼehjígo baa ntsíjíkeesgo doo nantłʼah da.

When you think about it in English, it’s not difficult.

(with baa) he/she is thinking, pondering about it


yitłʼó

yishtłʼó (first-person imperfective singular)
yiitłʼó (duoplural first-person imperfective)
deiitłʼó (first-person imperfective plural)
nitłʼó (imperfective second-person singular)
wohtłʼó (duoplural imperfective second-person)
daahtłʼó (imperfective plural second-person)
yitłʼó (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
deitłʼó (imperfective plural third-person)
jitłʼó (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dajitłʼó (fourth-person imperfective plural)
sétłʼǫ́ (first-person perfective singular)
siitłʼǫ́ (duoplural first-person perfective)
dasiitłʼǫ́ (first-person perfective plural)
sínítłʼǫ́ (perfective second-person singular)
sootłʼǫ́ (duoplural perfective second-person)
dasootłʼǫ́ (perfective plural second-person)
yiztłʼǫ́ (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
deiztłʼǫ́ (perfective plural third-person)
jiztłʼǫ́ (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dajiztłʼǫ́ (fourth-person perfective plural)

y- (3rd person object prefix) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -tłʼó (conclusive imperfective stem of root -TŁʼǪ́, “to weave”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-tłʼó</i>

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-TŁʼǪ́</i>


alzhish

ashzhish (first-person imperfective singular)
iilzhish (duoplural first-person imperfective)
daʼiilzhish (first-person imperfective plural)
ílzhish (imperfective second-person singular)
ołzhish (duoplural imperfective second-person)
daʼołzhish (imperfective plural second-person)
alzhish (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
daʼalzhish (imperfective plural third-person)
ajilzhish (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
daʼjilzhish (fourth-person imperfective plural)
eeshzhiizh (first-person perfective singular)
iilzhiizh (duoplural first-person perfective)
daʼiilzhiizh (first-person perfective plural)
íínílzhiizh (perfective second-person singular)
oołzhiizh (duoplural perfective second-person)
daʼoołzhiizh (perfective plural second-person)
oolzhiizh (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
daʼoolzhiizh (perfective plural third-person)
ajoolzhiizh (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
daʼjoolzhiizh (fourth-person perfective plural)
adeeshzhish (first-person future singular)
adiilzhish (duoplural first-person future)
daʼdiilzhish (first-person future plural)
adíílzhish (future second-person singular)
adoołzhish (duoplural future second-person)
daʼdoołzhish (future plural second-person)
adoolzhish (duoplural future singular third-person)
daʼdoolzhish (future plural third-person)
azhdoolzhish (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
dazhʼdoolzhish (fourth-person future plural)
náʼáshzhish (first-person singular)
náʼiilzhish (duoplural first-person)
nádaʼiilzhish (first-person plural)
náʼílzhish (second-person singular)
náʼołzhish (duoplural second-person)
nádaʼołzhish (plural second-person)
náʼálzhish (duoplural singular third-person)
nádaʼalzhish (plural third-person)
ńʼjílzhish (duoplural fourth-person singular)
nádaʼjilzhish (fourth-person plural)

ʼa- (unspecified person object prefix) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -l- (classifier) + -zhish (imperfective stem of root -ZHIIZH, “to poke, move rhythmically”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-zhish</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ZHIIZH</i>


nisisʼnaʼ

first-person singular perfective of naaʼnaʼ


nisíníʼnaʼ

second-person singular perfective of naaʼnaʼ


naasʼnaʼ

third-person singular/dual perfective of naaʼnaʼ


nisoohʼnaʼ

second-person dual perfective of naaʼnaʼ


nidasiiʼnaʼ

first-person plural perfective of naaʼnaʼ


nidasoohʼnaʼ

second-person plural perfective of naaʼnaʼ


nidaasʼnaʼ

third-person plural perfective of naaʼnaʼ


deistin

third-person plural perfective of yiłtin


jiní

Jiní. Jiní, jiníigo éí tʼóó ájíníi łeh jiní. Éí biniinaa doo jiní jiníi da, jiní.

They say. When you say they say, you are just making it up, they say. So that's why you do not say they say, they say.

fourth-person singular imperfective of ní


hózhǫ́

hoozhǫǫh (imperfective singular third-person)
hóózhǫǫd (perfective singular third-person)
hodoozhǫǫł
náhoojǫh
hózhǫh

ho- (“space, area, things”) + -◌́- (ni-modal 3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier)
+ -zhǫ́ (neuter imperfective stem of root -ZHǪǪD, “to be nice, peaceful, beautiful”).
The high-tone comes from the ni- deletion characteristic of the ni-imperfective. See niteel, nineez for similar examples.

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-zhǫ́</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ZHǪǪD</i>

nv-link-to-root

Bił hózhǫ́.

With him, things are beautiful. → He is happy.

Baa shił hózhǫ́.

About it, with me, things are beautiful. → I am happy about it (that it is done well in terms of quality).

(impersonal) it is beautiful, peaceful, harmonious, nice


ndikʼąʼ

di- (thematic) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -kʼą́ (neuter imperfective stem of root -KʼĄĄD, “to tilt, slant”)

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-kʼą́</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-KʼĄĄD</i>

to rock from side to side (as a boat on water)


hahoodzo

/hɑ̀hòːt͡sò/

ha- (thematic) + -ho- (“space, area, things”) + -oo- (yi-perfective 3rd person subject prefix) + -d- (classifier) + -zo (perfective stem of root -ZO, “to mark”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-zo</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ZO</i>

it (area) is marked out (with a line around it)


yishchin

first-person singular imperfective of yiłchin


nitsaa

ni- (modal) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -tsaa (neuter imperfective stem of root -TSAA, “to be big”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-tsaa</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-TSAA</i>

it (inanimate object) is big, large, huge


nitsxaaz

nistsxaaz (first-person imperfective singular)
niitsxaaz (duoplural first-person imperfective)
daniitsxaaz (first-person imperfective plural)
nítsxaaz (imperfective second-person singular)
nohtsxaaz (duoplural imperfective second-person)
danohtsxaaz (imperfective plural second-person)
nitsxaaz (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
danitsxaaz (imperfective plural third-person)
jítsxaaz (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dajítsxaaz (fourth-person imperfective plural)

ni- (modal) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -tsxaaz (neuter absolute stem of root -TSXAAZ, “to be big”), with emphatic infix -x-.

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-tsxaaz</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-TSXAAZ</i>

nv-link-to-root

(absolute) he/she/it (animate object) is big, strong, thick, large, corpulent


iichʼąh

iishchʼąh (first-person imperfective singular)
iichʼąh (duoplural first-person imperfective)
daʼiichʼąh (first-person imperfective plural)
iichʼąh (imperfective second-person singular)
oohchʼąh (duoplural imperfective second-person)
daʼoohchʼąh (imperfective plural second-person)
iichʼąh (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
daʼiichʼąh (imperfective plural third-person)
ajiichʼąh (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
daʼjiichʼąh (fourth-person imperfective plural)
ashéchʼąh (first-person perfective singular)
ashiichʼąh (duoplural first-person perfective)
daʼshiichʼąh (first-person perfective plural)
ashíníchʼąh (perfective second-person singular)
ashoochʼąh (duoplural perfective second-person)
daʼshoochʼąh (perfective plural second-person)
azhchʼąh (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
daʼazhchʼąh (perfective plural third-person)
ajizhchʼąh (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
daʼjizhchʼąh (fourth-person perfective plural)

/ʔìːt͡ʃʼɑ̀h/

ʼa- (unspecified person object prefix) + -yi- (semelfactive) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -chʼąh (semelfactive stem of root -CHʼĄH, “to have seizure”).
From the metaphorical meaning of fall-into-fire.

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-chʼąh</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-CHʼĄH</i>


dootłʼizh

dinishtłʼizh (first-person perfective singular)
diniitłʼizh (duoplural first-person perfective)
dadiniitłʼizh (first-person perfective plural)
dinítłʼizh (perfective second-person singular)
dinohtłʼizh (duoplural perfective second-person)
dadinohtłʼizh (perfective plural second-person)
dootłʼizh (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
dadootłʼizh (perfective plural third-person)
jidootłʼizh (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dazhdootłʼizh (fourth-person perfective plural)
hodootłʼizh (spatial-person)

di- (“color”) + -oo- (yi-perfective 3rd person subject prefix) + -d- (classifier) + -tłʼizh (neuter perfective stem of root -TŁʼIIZH, “to be blue, green”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-tłʼizh</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-TŁʼIIZH</i>

/tòːt͡ɬʼɪ̀ʒ/

Łóóʼ dootłʼizh

Łóóʼ dadootłʼizh


níbaal

ní- (ni-perfective 3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -baal (neuter perfective stem of root -BAAL, “to hang curtainlike”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-baal</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-BAAL</i>

it (flat, flexible object) extends curtainlike, hangs curtainlike


atłʼó

ashtłʼó (first-person imperfective singular)
iitłʼó (duoplural first-person imperfective)
daʼiitłʼó (first-person imperfective plural)
ítłʼó (imperfective second-person singular)
ohtłʼó (duoplural imperfective second-person)
daʼohtłʼó (imperfective plural second-person)
atłʼó (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
daʼatłʼó (imperfective plural third-person)
ajitłʼó (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
daʼjitłʼó (fourth-person imperfective plural)
asétłʼǫ́ (first-person perfective singular)
asiitłʼǫ́ (duoplural first-person perfective)
daʼsiitłʼǫ́ (first-person perfective plural)
asínítłʼǫ́ (perfective second-person singular)
asootłʼǫ́ (duoplural perfective second-person)
daʼsootłʼǫ́ (perfective plural second-person)
aztłʼǫ́ (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
daʼaztłʼǫ́ (perfective plural third-person)
ajiztłʼǫ́ (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
daʼjiztłʼǫ́ (fourth-person perfective plural)
adeeshtłʼóół (first-person future singular)
adiitłʼóół (duoplural first-person future)
daʼdiitłʼóół (first-person future plural)
adíítłʼóół (future second-person singular)
adoohtłʼóół (duoplural future second-person)
daʼdoohtłʼóół (future plural second-person)
adootłʼóół (duoplural future singular third-person)
daʼdootłʼóół (future plural third-person)
azhdootłʼóół (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
dazhʼdootłʼóół (fourth-person future plural)

ʼa- (unspecified person object prefix) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -tłʼó (imperfective stem of root -TŁʼǪ́, “to weave”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-tłʼó</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-TŁʼǪ́</i>

Dííshjį́ adeeshtłʼóół biyah shił hóyééʼ.


názbąs

názbąs (perfective singular third-person)
názbąs (perfective plural third-person)
ńdaazbąs (distributive perfective plural third-person)

ná- (“around”) + -z- (si-perfective 3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -bąs (neuter perfective stem of root -BĄ́Ą́Z, “to roll”)

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-bąs</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-BĄ́Ą́Z</i>


doolghas

di- (adjectival) + -oo- (yi-perfective 3rd person subject prefix) + -l- (classifier) + -ghas (neuter perfective stem of root -GHAZ, “to scratch”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ghas</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-GHAZ</i>


heeneez

hi- (thematic) + -ee- (ni-modal 3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -neez (neuter imperfective stem of root -NEEZ, “to be long”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-neez</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-NEEZ</i>


naaltsoos

/nɑ̀ːlt͡sʰòːs/

na- (“around, about”) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + l- (classifier) + -tsoos (“carry a flat flexible object”, imperfective verb stem)

Simple passive form of neiłtsoos (“a flat flexible object is being carried around”)


łitso

łinistso (first-person imperfective singular)
łiniitso (duoplural first-person imperfective)
dałiniitso (first-person imperfective plural)
łinítso (imperfective second-person singular)
łinohtso (duoplural imperfective second-person)
dałinohtso (imperfective plural second-person)
łitso (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
daaltso (imperfective plural third-person)
jiltso (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dajiltso (fourth-person imperfective plural)

łi- (adjectival) + -∅- (ni-modal 3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -tso (neuter imperfective stem of root -TSOII, “to be yellow”).
The łi- prefix appears to have originated historically from the ł- classifier. When this prefix appears immediately in pre-stem position, it takes the shape of a l- classifier.

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-tso</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-TSOII</i>

Tsídii łitso

Tsídii daaltso


łibá

łinishbá (first-person imperfective singular)
łiniibá (duoplural first-person imperfective)
dałiniibá (first-person imperfective plural)
łiníbá (imperfective second-person singular)
łinohbá (duoplural imperfective second-person)
dałinohbá (imperfective plural second-person)
łibá (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
daalbá (imperfective plural third-person)
dałibá (imperfective plural third-person)
jilbá (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dajilbá (fourth-person imperfective plural)

łi- (adjectival) + -∅- (ni-modal 3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -bá (neuter imperfective stem of root -BAʼ, “to be gray”).
The łi- prefix appears to have originated historically from the -ł- classifier. When this prefix appears immediately in pre-stem position, it takes the shape of a l- classifier.

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-bá</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-BAʼ</i>

Biyázhí neiyéhé łibá

Biyázhí neiyéhé daalbá


neestʼą́

third-person singular perfective of nitʼą́


nizhóní

nishzhóní (first-person imperfective singular)
niijóní (duoplural first-person imperfective)
niilzhóní (duoplural first-person imperfective)
daniijóní (first-person imperfective plural)
nízhóní (imperfective second-person singular)
nohzhóní (duoplural imperfective second-person)
danohzhóní (imperfective plural second-person)
nizhóní (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
danizhóní (imperfective plural third-person)
jízhóní (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dajízhóní (fourth-person imperfective plural)
ízhóní (indefinite-person)
hózhóní (spatial-person)

ni- (modal) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -zhǫ́ (neuter absolute stem of root -ZHǪǪD, “to be nice, beautiful”) + -í (nominalizing suffix), resulting noun later repurposed as a verb.

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-zhǫ́</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ZHǪǪD</i>

it/he/she is clean, good, nice, fine, neat


diyin

dinishyin (first-person imperfective singular)
diniigin (duoplural first-person imperfective)
dadiniigin (first-person imperfective plural)
diníyin (imperfective second-person singular)
dinohyin (duoplural imperfective second-person)
dadinohyin (imperfective plural second-person)
diyin (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
dadiyin (imperfective plural third-person)
jidiyin (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dazhdiyin (fourth-person imperfective plural)

di- (“sanctity”) + -∅- (ni-modal 3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -yin (neuter imperfective stem of root -YĮĮD, “to be holy”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-yin</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-YĮĮD</i>


naashchʼąąʼ

Simple passive perfective of neichʼąąh : decorated, painted, colored


óltaʼ

ʼa- (unspecified person object prefix) + -ó- (“directed at”, combining form of yíní- in the 3rd person) + -l- (classifier, passive) + -taʼ (imperfective stem of root -TAʼ, “to read, to count”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-taʼ</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-TAʼ</i>

simple passive form of ółtaʼ: reading or counting (of something unspecified) is happening


łichííʼ

łinishchííʼ (first-person imperfective singular)
łiniichííʼ (duoplural first-person imperfective)
dałiniichííʼ (first-person imperfective plural)
łiníchííʼ (imperfective second-person singular)
łinohchííʼ (duoplural imperfective second-person)
dałinohchííʼ (imperfective plural second-person)
łichííʼ (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
daalchííʼ (imperfective plural third-person)
dałichííʼ (imperfective plural third-person)
jilchííʼ (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dajilchííʼ (fourth-person imperfective plural)

/ɬɪ̀t͡ʃʰíːʔ/

łi- (adjectival) + -∅- (ni-modal 3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -chííʼ (neuter imperfective stem of root -CHIIʼ, “to be red”).
Compare Dogrib dekʼo, Ahtna ltʼeli.
The łi- prefix appears to have originated historically from the -ł- classifier. When this prefix appears immediately in pre-stem position, it takes the shape of a l- classifier.

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-chííʼ</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-CHIIʼ</i>

Tsídii łichííʼ

Tsídii daalchííʼ


ászólí

áníszólí (first-person imperfective singular)
ániilzólí (duoplural first-person imperfective)
ádaniilzólí (first-person imperfective plural)
áníníłzólí (imperfective second-person singular)
ánółzólí (duoplural imperfective second-person)
ádanołzólí (imperfective plural second-person)
ászólí (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
ádaaszólí (imperfective plural third-person)
ájíszólí (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
ádajíszólí (fourth-person imperfective plural)

ʼá- (comparative) + -ní- (comparative) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier) + zólí (imperfective stem of root -ZÓLĺ, “to be light”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">zólí</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ZÓLĺ</i>


yáʼátʼééh

yáʼáníshtʼééh (first-person imperfective singular)
yáʼániitʼééh (duoplural first-person imperfective)
yáʼádaniitʼééh (first-person imperfective plural)
yáʼánítʼééh (imperfective second-person singular)
yáʼánóhtʼééh (duoplural imperfective second-person)
yáʼádanohtʼééh (imperfective plural second-person)
yáʼátʼééh (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
yáʼádaatʼééh (imperfective plural third-person)
yáʼájítʼééh (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
yáʼádajitʼééh (fourth-person imperfective plural)
yáʼáhootʼééh (spatial-person)

/jɑ́ʔɑ́tʼéːh/

yá- (thematic) + -ʼá- (comparative) + -∅- (ni-modal 3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -tʼééh (neuter imperfective stem of root -TʼÉÉH, “to be good”).
Often anglicized as "yatahey" or "yah-ta-hey".

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-tʼééh</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-TʼÉÉH</i>

yáʼátʼééh náshdleeł

doo yáʼátʼéeh da

yáʼáníshtʼééh

yáʼánítʼééhísh

shił yáʼátʼééh

I like it (reflects a personal preference).

doo shił yáʼátʼéeh da

I don’t like it (reflects a personal preference).

Díí naaltsoos shił yáʼátʼééh

Éí movie nił yáʼátʼééh yaʼ

Aooʼ, áh yáʼátʼééh


naʼanish

naʼanish (imperfective singular third-person)
naʼazhnish (perfective singular third-person)
nʼdoonish

na- (atelic, circuital) + -ʼa- (unspecified person subject prefix) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -nish (continuative imperfective stem of root -NISH, “to work”).
Replacing the unspecified subject prefix -ʼa- with the null third-person prefix ∅- and the null classifier with l- produces the related verb naalnish.

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-nish</i>

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-NISH</i>


bééhózin

b- (thematic) + -é- (“about”) + -ná- (“around”) + -ho- (“space, area, things”) + -◌́- (ni-modal 3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -zin (neuter imperfective stem of root -ZĮĮD, “to know”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-zin</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ZĮĮD</i>

Shił bééhózin

Doo bił bééhózin da

She/he/it doesn't know it, doesn't know about it

Tʼáadoo bił bééhóziní da

Doo bééhózin da

it is lost, it has vanished (as a pet or a child)

it is known about, there is knowledge about it, to know about something


hólǫ́

honishłǫ́ (first-person imperfective singular)
honiidlǫ́ (duoplural first-person imperfective)
dahoniidlǫ́ (first-person imperfective plural)
honílǫ́ (imperfective second-person singular)
honohłǫ́ (duoplural imperfective second-person)
dahonohłǫ́ (imperfective plural second-person)
hólǫ́ (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
dahólǫ́ (imperfective plural third-person)
hojílǫ́ (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dahojílǫ́ (fourth-person imperfective plural)

ho- (“space, area, things”) + -◌́- (ni-modal 3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -lǫ́ (neuter imperfective stem of root -LĮĮD, “to exist”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-lǫ́</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-LĮĮD</i>

tó hólǫ́

Kii bimá dóó bizhéʼé hólǫ́.

Kii bimá dóó bizhéʼé bighan hólǫ́.


ahaʼdeetʼaah

ahadiʼnishtʼaah (first-person imperfective singular)
ahadiʼniitʼaah (duoplural first-person imperfective)
ahadadiʼniitʼaah (first-person imperfective plural)
ahadiʼnítʼaah (imperfective second-person singular)
ahadiʼnohtʼaah (duoplural imperfective second-person)
ahadadiʼnohtʼaah (imperfective plural second-person)
ahaʼdeetʼaah (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
ahadaʼdeetʼaah (imperfective plural third-person)
ahazhʼdeetʼaah (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
ahadazhʼdeetʼaah (fourth-person imperfective plural)
ahadiʼnishtʼą́ (first-person perfective singular)
ahadiʼniitʼą́ (duoplural first-person perfective)
ahadadiʼniitʼą́ (first-person perfective plural)
ahadííńʼnítʼą́ (perfective second-person singular)
ahadiʼnoohtʼą́ (duoplural perfective second-person)
ahadadiʼnoohtʼą́ (perfective plural second-person)
ahaʼdeetʼą́ (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
ahadaʼdeestʼą́ (perfective plural third-person)
ahazhʼdeetʼą́ (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
ahadazhʼdeestʼą́ (fourth-person perfective plural)
ahadiʼdeeshtʼááł (first-person future singular)
ahadiʼdiitʼááł (duoplural first-person future)
ahadadiʼdiitʼááł (first-person future plural)
ahadiʼdíítʼááł (future second-person singular)
ahadiʼdoohtʼááł (duoplural future second-person)
ahadadiʼdoohtʼááł (future plural second-person)
ahadiʼdootʼááł (duoplural future singular third-person)
ahadadiʼdootʼááł (future plural third-person)
ahadizhʼdootʼááł (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
ahadadizhʼdootʼááł (fourth-person future plural)

ʼah- (reciprocal) + -aʼ- (“lending to”) + -di- (thematic) + -ee- (ni-modal 3rd person subject prefix) + -d- (classifier) + -ʼaah (imperfective stem of root -ʼĄ́, “to handle SRO”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ʼaah</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ʼĄ́</i>

to make a treaty with them, to enter into an agreement with them, to enter into a contract with him/them


níyol

ní- (ni-perfective 3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -yol (neuter perfective stem of root -YOL, “to blow”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-yol</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-YOL</i>

it is windy (literally, "the wind arrived blowing")


ályaa

íílééh íílééh

it was made; simple passive perfective form of íílééh


dahsitą́

a single stiff, slender object lies at an elevation, it lies up there


eʼelyaa

Simple-passive perfective form with unspecified-person indirect-object of yeʼelééh (“to copy it, to duplicate it”, literally “to make something unspecified at it”).
Literal approximation: “the making of something unspecified was done at something unspecified”, “something unspecified was copied”.

Simple-passive perfective form with unspecified-person indirect-object of yeʼelééh (“to copy it, to duplicate it”).


hataał

hashtaał (first-person imperfective singular)
hwiitaał (duoplural first-person imperfective)
dahwiitaał (first-person imperfective plural)
hótaał (imperfective second-person singular)
hohtaał (duoplural imperfective second-person)
dahohtaał (imperfective plural second-person)
hataał (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
dahataał (imperfective plural third-person)
hojitaał (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dahojitaał (fourth-person imperfective plural)
hóótáál (first-person perfective singular)
hwiitáál (duoplural first-person perfective)
dahwiitáál (first-person perfective plural)
hwíínítáál (perfective second-person singular)
hootáál (duoplural perfective second-person)
dahootáál (perfective plural second-person)
hóótáál (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
dahóótáál (perfective plural third-person)
hojíítáál (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dahojíítáál (fourth-person perfective plural)
hodeeshtał (first-person future singular)
hodiitał (duoplural first-person future)
dahodiitał (first-person future plural)
hodíítał (future second-person singular)
hodoohtał (duoplural future second-person)
dahodoohtał (future plural second-person)
hodootał (duoplural future singular third-person)
dahodootał (future plural third-person)
hozhdootał (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
dahozhdootał (fourth-person future plural)

ho- (“space, area, things”) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -taał (durative imperfective stem of root -TÁÁL, “to sing”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-taał</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-TÁÁL</i>

Sin bee hataał


naasas

I am broadcasting seeds, sprinkling a mass of fine particles, letting such a mass spill


sisas

Denominal, based on zas (“snow”), so originally "it lies like snow on the ground".
si- (modal) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier) + -zas (neuter stem of root -ZAS, “to sprinkle”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-zas</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ZAS</i>

(obsolete) it (a mass of fine particles, such as slat or seeds)) lies somewhere, is located somewhere.


ádin

áníshdin (first-person singular)
ániidin (duoplural first-person)
ádaniidin (first-person plural)
ánídin (second-person singular)
ánóhdin (duoplural second-person)
ádanohdin (plural second-person)
ádin (duoplural singular third-person)
ádaadin (plural third-person)
ájídin (duoplural fourth-person singular)
ádajídin (fourth-person plural)

ʼá- (thematic) + -∅- (ni-modal 3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier)
+ -din (neuter imperfective stem of root -DĮĮD, “to disappear”)

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-din</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-DĮĮD</i>

dibé nihee ádin

shee ádin

I have none; I have none of it; I don’t have it

Hastiin R. C. Gorman yę́ę ádin.


diní

second-person singular imperfective of ní


hoolʼá

ho- (“space, area, things”) + -oo- (yi-perfective 3rd person subject prefix) + -l- (classifier) + -ʼá (neuter perfective stem of root -ʼÁ, “to extend”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ʼá</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ʼÁ</i>


ałtso

tʼáá áníiltso (duoplural first-person imperfective)
tʼáá ánółtso (duoplural imperfective second-person)
tʼáá ałtso (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
tʼáá ájíłtso (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)

ʼá- (comparative) + -∅- (ni-modal 3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier) + -tso (imperfective stem of root -TSOH, “to be big”)

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-tso</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-TSOH</i>

Ałtso yishdlą́ą́ʼ

all completed, finished, all of it, entirely

Tʼáá ánółtso nihighan hólǫ́.

(with plural meaning) all of us / you / them (3+), everyone, everybody.


átʼé

áníshtʼé (first-person imperfective singular)
ániitʼé (duoplural first-person imperfective)
ádaniitʼé (first-person imperfective plural)
áńtʼé (imperfective second-person singular)
ánóhtʼé (duoplural imperfective second-person)
ádanohtʼé (imperfective plural second-person)
átʼé (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
ádaatʼé (imperfective plural third-person)
ájítʼé (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
ádajítʼé (fourth-person imperfective plural)
áníshtʼéé nítʼééʼ (first-person perfective singular)
ániitʼéé nítʼééʼ (duoplural first-person perfective)
ádaniitʼéé nítʼééʼ (first-person perfective plural)
áńtʼéé nítʼééʼ (perfective second-person singular)
ánóhtʼéé nítʼééʼ (duoplural perfective second-person)
ádanohtʼéé nítʼééʼ (perfective plural second-person)
átʼéé nítʼééʼ (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
ádaatʼéé nítʼééʼ (perfective plural third-person)
ájítʼéé nítʼééʼ (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
ádajítʼéé nítʼééʼ (fourth-person perfective plural)
áníshtʼée doo (first-person future singular)
ániitʼée doo (duoplural first-person future)
ádaniitʼée doo (first-person future plural)
áńtʼée doo (future second-person singular)
ánóhtʼée doo (duoplural future second-person)
ádanohtʼée doo (future plural second-person)
átʼée doo (duoplural future singular third-person)
ádaatʼée doo (future plural third-person)
ájítʼée doo (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
ádajítʼée doo (fourth-person future plural)

ʼá- (comparative) + -∅- (ni-modal 3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -tʼé (imperfective stem of root -TʼEʼ, “to be”)

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-tʼé</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-TʼEʼ</i>

Díí tó átʼé.

Ałʼąą átʼé.


atłʼóóh

The iterative form of verb atłʼó (“he / she weaves”).


náhásdzo

(imperfective simple passive form of náházo) to be marked off


jishgish

third-person singular perfective of jiilgéésh


łeʼdoolchʼil

third-person singular perfective of łeʼdilchʼííł


sizį́

sézį́ (first-person perfective singular)
siidzį́ (duoplural first-person perfective)
dasiidzį́ (first-person perfective plural)
sínízį́ (perfective second-person singular)
soozį́ (duoplural perfective second-person)
dasoozį́ (perfective plural second-person)
sizį́ (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
daazį́ (perfective plural third-person)
jizį́ (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dajizį́ (fourth-person perfective plural)

si- (modal) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -zį́ (neuter perfective stem of root -ZĮʼ, “to stand”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-zį́</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ZĮʼ</i>

Tsé Ííʼáhí bikéyah bił sézį́


tʼáá ałtso

tʼáá (particularizing particle) + ʼá- (“relatively, comparatively”) + ni- (prefix that forms neuter imperfectives) + -ł- (classifier) + -łtso (“all”), a neuter form of -tsoh (“become big”)


asdzoh

ʼa- (unspecified person object prefix) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -s- (stative perfective marker) + d- (classifier) + zoh (perfective verb stem), from -zóóh (“make a mark, draw a line”)
The noun sense is a direct nominalization of the verb, and likely derives from the way that inches would be marked out, either on a ruler or on the item being measured.


iʼííʼą́

third-person singular perfective of eʼeʼaah


náhookǫs

/nɑ́hòːkʰõ̀s/

ná- (“around”) + -hi- (seriative) + -oo- (yi-progressive 3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -kǫs (progressive stem of root -KĘ́Ę́Z, “a slender stiff object moves”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-kǫs</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-KĘ́Ę́Z</i>

nv-link-to-root

to turn over and over, turn around and around, revolve (of a slender stiff object)


shádiʼááh

/ʃɑ́tɪ̀ʔɑ́ːh/

a solid roundish object (SRO) starts to be carried


haʼaʼaah

haʼaʼaah (imperfective singular third-person)
haʼííʼą́ (perfective singular third-person)
haʼdooʼááł

/hɑ̀ʔɑ̀ʔɑ̀ːh/

ha- (“up out”) + -ʼa- (unspecified person object prefix) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -ʼaah (imperfective stem of root -ʼĄ́, “to handle SRO”)

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ʼaah</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ʼĄ́</i>

(transitive) to take something unspecified out, to remove something

(intransitive) a solid roundish object (= the sun) moves up, rises


eʼeʼaah

eʼeʼaah (imperfective singular third-person)
iʼííʼą́ (perfective singular third-person)
iʼdooʼááł

/ʔɛ̀ʔɛ̀ʔɑ̀ːh/

ʼa- (“away”) + -ʼa- (unspecified person object prefix) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -ʼaah (imperfective stem of root -ʼĄ́, “to handle SRO”)

nv-prefixes

a solid roundish object (SRO) moves down


dooleeł

Future tense 3rd person singular of nilį́ (“be”)

naashá

naasháa dooleeł

he/she/it will be, will become (third-person singular and duoplural future form of yileeh)


naaghá

naashá (first-person imperfective singular)
neiitʼaash (duoplural first-person imperfective)
neiikai (first-person imperfective plural)
naniná (imperfective second-person singular)
naahʼaash (duoplural imperfective second-person)
naahkai (imperfective plural second-person)
naaghá (imperfective singular third-person)
naaʼaash (duoplural imperfective third-person)
naakai (imperfective plural third-person)
nijighá (fourth-person imperfective singular)
nijiʼaash (duoplural fourth-person imperfective)
nidajikai (fourth-person imperfective plural)
niséyá (first-person perfective singular)
nishiitʼáázh (duoplural first-person perfective)
nisiikai (first-person perfective plural)
nisíníyá (perfective second-person singular)
nishooʼáázh (duoplural perfective second-person)
nisoohkai (perfective plural second-person)
naayá (perfective singular third-person)
naazhʼáázh (duoplural perfective third-person)
naaskai (perfective plural third-person)
nijiyá (fourth-person perfective singular)
nijizhʼáázh (duoplural fourth-person perfective)
nijiskai (fourth-person perfective plural)
nideeshaał (first-person future singular)
nidiitʼash (duoplural first-person future)
niikah (first-person future plural)
nidíínaał (future second-person singular)
nidoohʼash (duoplural future second-person)
nidoohkah (future plural second-person)
nidoogaał (future singular third-person)
nidooʼash (duoplural future third-person)
nidookah (future plural third-person)
nizhdoogaał (fourth-person future singular)
nizhdooʼash (duoplural fourth-person future)
nizhdookah (fourth-person future plural)
nináshdaah (first-person singular)
ninéiitʼash (duoplural first-person)
ninéiikah (first-person plural)
ninánídaah (second-person singular)
nináhʼash (duoplural second-person)
nináhkah (plural second-person)
ninádaah (singular third-person)
nináʼash (duoplural third-person)
ninákah (plural third-person)
ninájídaah (fourth-person singular)
ninájíʼash (duoplural fourth-person)
ninájíkah (fourth-person plural)
naoshaʼ (first-person singular)
naootʼaash (duoplural first-person)
naookááh (first-person plural)
naóóyaʼ (second-person singular)
naoohʼaash (duoplural second-person)
naoohkááh (plural second-person)
naoyaʼ (singular third-person)
naooʼaash (duoplural third-person)
naookááh (plural third-person)
njóyaʼ (fourth-person singular)
njóʼaash (duoplural fourth-person)
njókááh (fourth-person plural)

na- (atelic, circuital) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) +
* ∅- (classifier) + -á (continuative imperfective stem of root -YÁ, “to go, to walk — 1 actor”)
* ∅- (classifier) + -ʼaash (continuative imperfective stem of root -ʼÁÁZH, “to go, to walk — 2 actors”)
* d- (classifier) + -kai (continuative imperfective stem of root -KAI, “to go, to walk — 3 actors”)

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-á</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-YÁ</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ʼaash</i>

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ʼÁÁZH</i>

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-kai</i>

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-KAI</i>

Marianne hádą́ą́ʼ Ahééhéshį́į́hgóó naayá?

Áłchíní daʼółtaʼígíí naaki nídeezidídą́ą́ʼ Wááshindoongóó naaskai.

The school children went to Washington two months ago.

Mary dóó Kii bimá sání yighandi naaʼaash.

Mary and Kee are at their grandmother’s house.

Ashiiké ółtaʼígíí kǫ́ǫ́ naaʼaash.

The two boys who are students, are around here.

(with -di or an adverb of place) he/she is at/in

Hastiin Hall Ohio hoolyéédę́ę́ʼ naaghá.

Mr. Hall hails from a place called Ohio.

Díí kweʼé atah daʼółtaʼígíí háádę́ę́ʼ ndaakai?

Diné bizaad bóhooshʼaahgo baa naashá.

Áłchíní haʼátʼíí yaa naakai?

(with baa) he/she is busy with; he/she is doing it

Chʼaa naashá ńtʼééʼ.

Yínííł naaghá.

(with yínííł “with mind”) he/she is sad/blue/worried

Ká naashá.

shił naaʼaash

my clan brother; my buddy; my cousin ("father’s sister’s son" or "mother’s brother’s son")

buddy, friend (used by males, the 3rd-person dual can be used in this way to refer to male cousins)


naalzheeh

naashzheeh (first-person imperfective singular)
neiilzheeh (duoplural first-person imperfective)
nideiilzheeh (first-person imperfective plural)
nanilzheeh (imperfective second-person singular)
naałzheeh (duoplural imperfective second-person)
nidaałzheeh (imperfective plural second-person)
naalzheeh (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
nidaalzheeh (imperfective plural third-person)
nijilzheeh (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
nidajilzheeh (fourth-person imperfective plural)
nishishzheeʼ (first-person perfective singular)
nishiilzheeʼ (duoplural first-person perfective)
nidashiilzheeʼ (first-person perfective plural)
nishínílzheeʼ (perfective second-person singular)
nishoołzheeʼ (duoplural perfective second-person)
nidashoołzheeʼ (perfective plural second-person)
naashzheeʼ (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
nidaashzheeʼ (perfective plural third-person)
nijishzheeʼ (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
nidajishzheeʼ (fourth-person perfective plural)
ndeeshzhah (first-person future singular)
ndiilzhah (duoplural first-person future)
ndadiilzhah (first-person future plural)
ndíílzhah (future second-person singular)
ndoołzhah (duoplural future second-person)
ndadoołzhah (future plural second-person)
ndoolzhah (duoplural future singular third-person)
ndadoolzhah (future plural third-person)
nizhdoolzhah (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
ndazhdoolzhah (fourth-person future plural)

na- (atelic, circuital) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -l- (classifier, thematic) + -zheeh (continuative imperfective stem of root -ZHEEʼ, “to hunt”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-zheeh</i>

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ZHEEʼ</i>


naabé

naashbé (first-person imperfective singular)
neiibé (duoplural first-person imperfective)
nideiibé (first-person imperfective plural)
nanibé (imperfective second-person singular)
naahbé (duoplural imperfective second-person)
nidaahbé (imperfective plural second-person)
naabé (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
nidaabé (imperfective plural third-person)
nijibé (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
nidajibé (fourth-person imperfective plural)
nisébį́į́ʼ (first-person perfective singular)
nisiibį́į́ʼ (duoplural first-person perfective)
nidasiibį́į́ʼ (first-person perfective plural)
nisíníbį́į́ʼ (perfective second-person singular)
nisoobį́į́ʼ (duoplural perfective second-person)
nidasoobį́į́ʼ (perfective plural second-person)
naazbį́į́ʼ (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
nidaazbį́į́ʼ (perfective plural third-person)
nijizbį́į́ʼ (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
nidajizbį́į́ʼ (fourth-person perfective plural)
ndeeshbeeł (first-person future singular)
ndiibeeł (duoplural first-person future)
ndadiibeeł (first-person future plural)
ndííbeeł (future second-person singular)
ndoohbeeł (duoplural future second-person)
ndadoohbeeł (future plural second-person)
ndoobeeł (duoplural future singular third-person)
ndadoobeeł (future plural third-person)
nizhdoobeeł (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
ndazhdoobeeł (fourth-person future plural)

na- (atelic, circuital) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -bé (continuative imperfective stem of root -BĮ́Į́ʼ, “to swim”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-bé</i>

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-BĮ́Į́ʼ</i>


yidleesh

yishdleesh (first-person imperfective singular)
yiidleesh (duoplural first-person imperfective)
deiidleesh (first-person imperfective plural)
nidleesh (imperfective second-person singular)
wohdleesh (duoplural imperfective second-person)
daahdleesh (imperfective plural second-person)
yidleesh (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
deidleesh (imperfective plural third-person)
jidleesh (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dajidleesh (fourth-person imperfective plural)
shédléézh (first-person perfective singular)
shiidléézh (duoplural first-person perfective)
dashiidléézh (first-person perfective plural)
shínídléézh (perfective second-person singular)
shoodléézh (duoplural perfective second-person)
dashoodléézh (perfective plural second-person)
yizhdléézh (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
deizhdléézh (perfective plural third-person)
jizhdléézh (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dajizhdléézh (fourth-person perfective plural)
deeshdlish (first-person future singular)
diidlish (duoplural first-person future)
dadiidlish (first-person future plural)
díídlish (future second-person singular)
doohdlish (duoplural future second-person)
dadoohdlish (future plural second-person)
yidoodlish (duoplural future singular third-person)
deidoodlish (future plural third-person)
jidoodlish (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
dazhdoodlish (fourth-person future plural)

y- (3rd person object prefix) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -dleesh (conclusive imperfective stem of root -DLÉÉZH, “to paint”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-dleesh</i>

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-DLÉÉZH</i>

he/she is spreading it (butter or jelly)


ánéeltʼeʼ

Term? (perfective plural second-person)
áníiltʼeʼ (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
ánóołtʼeʼ (perfective plural third-person)
ánéeltʼeʼ (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
ázhnéeltʼeʼ (fourth-person perfective plural)

/ʔɑ́nêːltʼɛ̀ʔ/

ʼá- (comparative) + -ní- (comparative) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -l- (classifier) + -tʼé (perfective stem of root -TʼEʼ, “to be”)

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-tʼé</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-TʼEʼ</i>

Aghá ánéeltʼeʼ.

Aʼoh ánéeltʼeʼ.


naaʼeeł

naashʼeeł (first-person imperfective singular)
neiiʼeeł (duoplural first-person imperfective)
nideiiʼeeł (first-person imperfective plural)
naniʼeeł (imperfective second-person singular)
naahʼeeł (duoplural imperfective second-person)
nidaahʼeeł (imperfective plural second-person)
naaʼeeł (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
nidaaʼeeł (imperfective plural third-person)
nijiʼeeł (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
nidajiʼeeł (fourth-person imperfective plural)
niséʼéél (first-person perfective singular)
nisiiʼéél (duoplural first-person perfective)
nidasiiʼéél (first-person perfective plural)
nisíníʼéél (perfective second-person singular)
nisooʼéél (duoplural perfective second-person)
nidasooʼéél (perfective plural second-person)
naazʼéél (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
nidaazʼéél (perfective plural third-person)
nijizʼéél (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
nidajizʼéél (fourth-person perfective plural)
ndeeshʼoł (first-person future singular)
ndiiʼoł (duoplural first-person future)
ndadiiʼoł (first-person future plural)
ndííʼoł (future second-person singular)
ndoohʼoł (duoplural future second-person)
ndadoohʼoł (future plural second-person)
ndooʼoł (duoplural future singular third-person)
ndadooʼoł (future plural third-person)
nizhdooʼoł (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
ndazhdooʼoł (fourth-person future plural)

na- (atelic, circuital) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -ʼeeł (imperfective stem of root -ʼÉÉL, “to float”).

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ʼeeł</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ʼÉÉL</i>

Dah naaʼeeł


-bąs

imperfective verb stem: to go by rolling on wheels (automobile, wagon, etc.)


naamaas

naasmaas (first-person imperfective singular)
neiiʼmaas (duoplural first-person imperfective)
nideiiʼmaas (first-person imperfective plural)
nanimaas (imperfective second-person singular)
naahmaas (duoplural imperfective second-person)
nidaahmaas (imperfective plural second-person)
naamaas (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
nidaamaas (imperfective plural third-person)
nijimaas (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
nidajimaas (fourth-person imperfective plural)
nisémááz (first-person perfective singular)
nisiiʼmááz (duoplural first-person perfective)
nidasiiʼmááz (first-person perfective plural)
nisínímááz (perfective second-person singular)
nisoomááz (duoplural perfective second-person)
nidasoomááz (perfective plural second-person)
naazmááz (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
nidaazmááz (perfective plural third-person)
nijizmááz (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
nidajizmááz (fourth-person perfective plural)
ndeesmas (first-person future singular)
ndiiʼmas (duoplural first-person future)
ndadiiʼmas (first-person future plural)
ndíímas (future second-person singular)
ndoohmas (duoplural future second-person)
ndadoohmas (future plural second-person)
ndoomas (duoplural future singular third-person)
ndadoomas (future plural third-person)
nizhdoomas (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
ndazhdoomas (fourth-person future plural)

na- (atelic, circuital) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -maas (continuative imperfective stem of root -MÁÁZ, “to roll”).

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-maas</i>

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-MÁÁZ</i>


yiyą́

yishą́ (first-person imperfective singular)
yiidą́ (duoplural first-person imperfective)
deiidą́ (first-person imperfective plural)
niyą́ (imperfective second-person singular)
wohsą́ (duoplural imperfective second-person)
daahsą́ (imperfective plural second-person)
yiyą́ (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
deiyą́ (imperfective plural third-person)
jiyą́ (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dajiyą́ (fourth-person imperfective plural)
yíyą́ą́ʼ (first-person perfective singular)
yiidą́ą́ʼ (duoplural first-person perfective)
deiidą́ą́ʼ (first-person perfective plural)
yíníyą́ą́ʼ (perfective second-person singular)
wooyą́ą́ʼ (duoplural perfective second-person)
daooyą́ą́ʼ (perfective plural second-person)
yiyííyą́ą́ʼ (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
dayííyą́ą́ʼ (perfective plural third-person)
jííyą́ą́ʼ (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dajííyą́ą́ʼ (fourth-person perfective plural)
deeshį́į́ł (first-person future singular)
diidį́į́ł (duoplural first-person future)
dadiidį́į́ł (first-person future plural)
dííyį́į́ł (future second-person singular)
doohsį́į́ł (duoplural future second-person)
dadoohsį́į́ł (future plural second-person)
yidooyį́į́ł (duoplural future singular third-person)
deidooyį́į́ł (future plural third-person)
jidooyį́į́ł (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
dazhdooyį́į́ł (fourth-person future plural)

y- (3rd person object prefix) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -yą́ (durative imperfective stem of root -YĄ́Ą́ʼ, “to eat”).

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-yą́</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-YĄ́Ą́ʼ</i>


neitłeeh

naashtłeeh (first-person imperfective singular)
neiitłeeh (duoplural first-person imperfective)
nideiitłeeh (first-person imperfective plural)
nanitłeeh (imperfective second-person singular)
naahtłeeh (duoplural imperfective second-person)
nidaahtłeeh (imperfective plural second-person)
neitłeeh (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
nideitłeeh (imperfective plural third-person)
nijitłeeh (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
nidajitłeeh (fourth-person imperfective plural)
nisétłééʼ (first-person perfective singular)
nisiitłééʼ (duoplural first-person perfective)
nidasiitłééʼ (first-person perfective plural)
nisínítłééʼ (perfective second-person singular)
nisootłééʼ (duoplural perfective second-person)
nidasootłééʼ (perfective plural second-person)
neiztłééʼ (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
nideiztłééʼ (perfective plural third-person)
nijiztłééʼ (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
nidajiztłééʼ (fourth-person perfective plural)
ndeeshtłoh (first-person future singular)
ndiitłoh (duoplural first-person future)
ndadiitłoh (first-person future plural)
ndíítłoh (future second-person singular)
ndoohtłoh (duoplural future second-person)
ndadoohtłoh (future plural second-person)
neidootłoh (duoplural future singular third-person)
ndeidootłoh (future plural third-person)
nizhdootłoh (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
ndazhdootłoh (fourth-person future plural)

na- (atelic, circuital) + -y- (3rd person object prefix) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -tłeeh (continuative imperfective stem of root -TŁÉÉʼ, “to handle mushy matter”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-tłeeh</i>

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-TŁÉÉʼ</i>

he/she is carrying it (a mushy object) around


nineez

nisneez (first-person imperfective singular)
niiʼneez (duoplural first-person imperfective)
daniiʼneez (first-person imperfective plural)
níneez (imperfective second-person singular)
nohneez (duoplural imperfective second-person)
danohneez (imperfective plural second-person)
nineez (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
danineez (imperfective plural third-person)
jíneez (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dajíneez (fourth-person imperfective plural)
íneez (indefinite-person)
hóneez (spatial-person)

ni- (modal) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -neez (neuter absolute stem of root -NEEZ, “to be long, tall”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-neez</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-NEEZ</i>

Kǫʼ naʼałbąąsii nineez.


naakai

third-person plural imperfect active indicative of naaghá


áníłnééz

/ʔɑ́nɪ́ɬnéːz/

díí gad yáázh shilááh áníłnééz


neiʼá

naashʼá (first-person imperfective singular)
neiitʼá (duoplural first-person imperfective)
nideiitʼá (first-person imperfective plural)
naniʼá (imperfective second-person singular)
naahʼá (duoplural imperfective second-person)
nidaahʼá (imperfective plural second-person)
neiʼá (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
nideiʼá (imperfective plural third-person)
nijiʼá (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
nidajiʼá (fourth-person imperfective plural)
niséʼą́ (first-person perfective singular)
nisiitʼą́ (duoplural first-person perfective)
nidasiitʼą́ (first-person perfective plural)
nisíníʼą́ (perfective second-person singular)
nisooʼą́ (duoplural perfective second-person)
nidasooʼą́ (perfective plural second-person)
neizʼą́ (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
nideizʼą́ (perfective plural third-person)
nijizʼą́ (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
nidajizʼą́ (fourth-person perfective plural)
ndeeshʼaał (first-person future singular)
ndiitʼaał (duoplural first-person future)
ndadiitʼaał (first-person future plural)
ndííʼaał (future second-person singular)
ndoohʼaał (duoplural future second-person)
ndadoohʼaał (future plural second-person)
neidooʼaał (duoplural future singular third-person)
ndeidooʼaał (future plural third-person)
nizhdooʼaał (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
ndazhdooʼaał (fourth-person future plural)

na- (atelic, circuital) + -y- (3rd person object prefix) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -ʼá (continuative imperfective stem of root -ʼĄ́, “to handle a solid roundish object”).

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ʼá</i>

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ʼĄ́</i>

nv-link-to-root

he/she is carrying it (a solid roundish object) around


neiłtsoos

naastsoos (first-person imperfective singular)
neiiltsoos (duoplural first-person imperfective)
nideiiltsoos (first-person imperfective plural)
naniłtsoos (imperfective second-person singular)
naołtsoos (duoplural imperfective second-person)
nidaałtsoos (imperfective plural second-person)
neiłtsoos (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
nideiłtsoos (imperfective plural third-person)
nijiłtsoos (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
nidajiłtsoos (fourth-person imperfective plural)
niséłtsooz (first-person perfective singular)
nisiiltsooz (duoplural first-person perfective)
nidasiiltsooz (first-person perfective plural)
nisíníłtsooz (perfective second-person singular)
nisoołtsooz (duoplural perfective second-person)
nidasoołtsooz (perfective plural second-person)
neistsooz (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
nideistsooz (perfective plural third-person)
nijistsooz (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
nidajistsooz (fourth-person perfective plural)
ndeestsos (first-person future singular)
ndiiltsos (duoplural first-person future)
ndadiiltsos (first-person future plural)
ndííłtsos (future second-person singular)
ndoołtsos (duoplural future second-person)
ndadoołtsos (future plural second-person)
neidoołtsos (duoplural future singular third-person)
ndeidoołtsos (future plural third-person)
nizhdoołtsos (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
ndazhdoołtsos (fourth-person future plural)

na- (atelic, circuital) + -y- (3rd person object prefix) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier) + -tsoos (continuative imperfective stem of root -TSOOZ, “to handle a flat flexible object”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-tsoos</i>

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-TSOOZ</i>

nv-link-to-root

he/she is carrying it around (a flat flexible object as a sheet, paper)


neijaah

naashjaah (first-person imperfective singular)
neiijaah (duoplural first-person imperfective)
nideiijaah (first-person imperfective plural)
nanijaah (imperfective second-person singular)
naahjaah (duoplural imperfective second-person)
nidaahjaah (imperfective plural second-person)
neijaah (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
nideijaah (imperfective plural third-person)
nijijaah (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
nidajijaah (fourth-person imperfective plural)
nishéjaaʼ (first-person perfective singular)
nishiijaaʼ (duoplural first-person perfective)
nidashiijaaʼ (first-person perfective plural)
nishíníjaaʼ (perfective second-person singular)
nishoojaaʼ (duoplural perfective second-person)
nidashoojaaʼ (perfective plural second-person)
neizhjaaʼ (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
nideizhjaaʼ (perfective plural third-person)
nijizhjaaʼ (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
nidajizhjaaʼ (fourth-person perfective plural)
ndeeshjih (first-person future singular)
ndiijih (duoplural first-person future)
ndadiijih (first-person future plural)
ndííjih (future second-person singular)
ndoohjih (duoplural future second-person)
ndadoohjih (future plural second-person)
neidoojih (duoplural future singular third-person)
ndeidoojih (future plural third-person)
nizhdoojih (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
ndazhdoojih (fourth-person future plural)

na- (atelic, circuital) + -y- (3rd person object prefix) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -jaah (continuative imperfective stem of root -JAAʼ, “to handle a profusion of objects”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-jaah</i>

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-JAAʼ</i>

nv-link-to-root

he/she is carrying them around (profusion of small objects as sand, seeds, pebbles)


neilé

naashłé (first-person imperfective singular)
neiilyé (duoplural first-person imperfective)
nideiilyé (first-person imperfective plural)
nanilé (imperfective second-person singular)
naahłé (duoplural imperfective second-person)
nidaahłé (imperfective plural second-person)
neilé (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
nideilé (imperfective plural third-person)
nijilé (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
nidajilé (fourth-person imperfective plural)
nisélá (first-person perfective singular)
nisiilyá (duoplural first-person perfective)
nidasiilyá (first-person perfective plural)
nisínílá (perfective second-person singular)
nisoolá (duoplural perfective second-person)
nidasoolá (perfective plural second-person)
neizlá (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
nideizlá (perfective plural third-person)
nijizlá (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
nidajizlá (fourth-person perfective plural)
ndeeshłeeł (first-person future singular)
ndiilyeeł (duoplural first-person future)
ndadiilyeeł (first-person future plural)
ndííleeł (future second-person singular)
ndoohłeeł (duoplural future second-person)
ndadoohłeeł (future plural second-person)
neidooleeł (duoplural future singular third-person)
ndeidooleeł (future plural third-person)
nizhdooleeł (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
ndazhdooleeł (fourth-person future plural)

na- (atelic, circuital) + -y- (3rd person object prefix) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -lé (continuative imperfective stem of root -LÁ, “to handle a slender flexible object”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-lé</i>

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-LÁ</i>

nv-link-to-root

he/she is carrying it around (slender flexible objects as ropes, chains, belts)

he/she is carrying them around (pairs of objects as shoes, socks, scissors)


neiyé

naashhé (first-person imperfective singular)
neiigé (duoplural first-person imperfective)
nideiigé (first-person imperfective plural)
naniyé (imperfective second-person singular)
naahhé (duoplural imperfective second-person)
nidaahhé (imperfective plural second-person)
neiyé (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
nideiyé (imperfective plural third-person)
nijiyé (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
nidajiyé (fourth-person imperfective plural)
niséyį́ (first-person perfective singular)
nisiigį́ (duoplural first-person perfective)
nidasiigį́ (first-person perfective plural)
nisíníyį́ (perfective second-person singular)
nisooyį́ (duoplural perfective second-person)
nidasooyį́ (perfective plural second-person)
neizyį́ (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
nideizyį́ (perfective plural third-person)
nijizyį́ (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
nidajizyį́ (fourth-person perfective plural)
ndeeshhééł (first-person future singular)
ndiigééł (duoplural first-person future)
ndadiigééł (first-person future plural)
ndííyééł (future second-person singular)
ndoohhééł (duoplural future second-person)
ndadoohhééł (future plural second-person)
neidooyééł (duoplural future singular third-person)
ndeidooyééł (future plural third-person)
nizhdooyééł (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
ndazhdooyééł (fourth-person future plural)

na- (atelic, circuital) + -y- (3rd person object prefix) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -yé (continuative imperfective stem of root -YĮ́, “to handle a pack or a burden”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-yé</i>

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-YĮ́</i>

nv-link-to-root

he/she is carrying it around (a load or pack)


neiłjid

naashjid (first-person imperfective singular)
neiiljid (duoplural first-person imperfective)
nideiiljid (first-person imperfective plural)
naniłjid (imperfective second-person singular)
naałjid (duoplural imperfective second-person)
nidaałjid (imperfective plural second-person)
neiłjid (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
nideiłjid (imperfective plural third-person)
nijiłjid (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
nidajiłjid (fourth-person imperfective plural)
nishéłjid (first-person perfective singular)
nishiiljid (duoplural first-person perfective)
nidashiiljid (first-person perfective plural)
nishíníłjid (perfective second-person singular)
nishoołjid (duoplural perfective second-person)
nidashoołjid (perfective plural second-person)
neishjid (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
nideishjid (perfective plural third-person)
nijishjid (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
nidajishjid (fourth-person perfective plural)
ndeeshjił (first-person future singular)
ndiiljił (duoplural first-person future)
ndadiiljił (first-person future plural)
ndííłjił (future second-person singular)
ndoołjił (duoplural future second-person)
ndadoołjił (future plural second-person)
neidoołjił (duoplural future singular third-person)
ndeidoołjił (future plural third-person)
nizhdoołjił (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
ndazhdoołjił (fourth-person future plural)

na- (atelic, circuital) + -y- (3rd person object prefix) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier) + -jid (continuative imperfective stem of root -JID, “to carry on one's back”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-jid</i>

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-JID</i>

he/she is carrying it around on his/her back


neiłjooł

naashjooł (first-person imperfective singular)
neiiljooł (duoplural first-person imperfective)
nideiiljooł (first-person imperfective plural)
naniłjooł (imperfective second-person singular)
naałjooł (duoplural imperfective second-person)
nidaałjooł (imperfective plural second-person)
neiłjooł (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
nideiłjooł (imperfective plural third-person)
nijiłjooł (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
nidajiłjooł (fourth-person imperfective plural)
nishéłjool (first-person perfective singular)
nishiiljool (duoplural first-person perfective)
nidashiiljool (first-person perfective plural)
nishíníłjool (perfective second-person singular)
nishoołjool (duoplural perfective second-person)
nidashoołjool (perfective plural second-person)
neishjool (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
nideishjool (perfective plural third-person)
nijishjool (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
nidajishjool (fourth-person perfective plural)
ndeeshjoł (first-person future singular)
ndiiljoł (duoplural first-person future)
ndadiiljoł (first-person future plural)
ndííłjoł (future second-person singular)
ndoołjoł (duoplural future second-person)
ndadoołjoł (future plural second-person)
neidoołjoł (duoplural future singular third-person)
ndeidoołjoł (future plural third-person)
nizhdoołjoł (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
ndazhdoołjoł (fourth-person future plural)

na- (atelic, circuital) + -y- (3rd person object prefix) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier, causative) + -jooł (continuative imperfective stem of root -JOOL, “non-compact matter moves”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-jooł</i>

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-JOOL</i>

he/she is carrying it around (non-compact matter as a wig, hay, wool)


dibéłchíʼí

/tɪ̀pɛ́ɬt͡ʃʰɪ́ʔɪ́/

From dibé (“sheep”) + łichííʼ (“red”) + -í (nominalizer).

Ayání dibéłchíʼí

The (one / two) buffalo (is / are) brown.

Ayání daalchííʼ


yéego łitso

/jêːkò ɬɪ̀t͡sʰò/

yéego (“really, very”) + łitso (“it is yellow”)

Díí jooł éí yéego łitso.


łitsxo

łinistsxo (first-person imperfective singular)
łiniitsxo (duoplural first-person imperfective)
dałiniitsxo (first-person imperfective plural)
łinítsxo (imperfective second-person singular)
łinohtsxo (duoplural imperfective second-person)
dałinohtsxo (imperfective plural second-person)
łitsxo (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
daaltsxo (imperfective plural third-person)
jiltsxo (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dajiltsxo (fourth-person imperfective plural)

łi- (adjectival) + -∅- (ni-modal 3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -tso (neuter imperfective stem of root -TSOII, “to be yellow”), with emphatic infix -x-.
The łi- prefix appears to have originated historically from the -ł- classifier. When this prefix appears immediately in pre-stem position, it takes the shape of a -l- classifier.

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-tso</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-TSOII</i>

nv-link-to-root

Díí nidaashchʼąąʼígíí éí łitsxo.


yiłneʼ

yishneʼ (first-person imperfective singular)
yiilneʼ (duoplural first-person imperfective)
deiilneʼ (first-person imperfective plural)
niłneʼ (imperfective second-person singular)
wołneʼ (duoplural imperfective second-person)
daałneʼ (imperfective plural second-person)
yiłneʼ (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
deiłneʼ (imperfective plural third-person)
jiłneʼ (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dajiłneʼ (fourth-person imperfective plural)
yíłneʼ (first-person perfective singular)
yiilneʼ (duoplural first-person perfective)
dasiilneʼ (first-person perfective plural)
yíníłneʼ (perfective second-person singular)
woołneʼ (duoplural perfective second-person)
dasoołneʼ (perfective plural second-person)
yiyííłneʼ (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
deisneʼ (perfective plural third-person)
jííłneʼ (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dajisneʼ (fourth-person perfective plural)

y- (3rd person object prefix) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier) + -neʼ (imperfective stem of root -NEʼ, “to propel a solid roundish object”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-neʼ</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-NEʼ</i>

nv-link-to-root

he/she is throwing it (a solid roundish object)


yiłchin

yishchin (first-person imperfective singular)
yiilchin (duoplural first-person imperfective)
deiilchin (first-person imperfective plural)
niłchin (imperfective second-person singular)
wołchin (duoplural imperfective second-person)
daałchin (imperfective plural second-person)
yiłchin (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
deiłchin (imperfective plural third-person)
jiłchin (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dajiłchin (fourth-person imperfective plural)
shéłchą́ą́ʼ (first-person perfective singular)
shiilchą́ą́ʼ (duoplural first-person perfective)
dashiilchą́ą́ʼ (first-person perfective plural)
shíníłchą́ą́ʼ (perfective second-person singular)
shoołchą́ą́ʼ (duoplural perfective second-person)
dashoołchą́ą́ʼ (perfective plural second-person)
yishchą́ą́ʼ (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
deishchą́ą́ʼ (perfective plural third-person)
jishchą́ą́ʼ (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dajishchą́ą́ʼ (fourth-person perfective plural)
deeshchį́į́ł (first-person future singular)
diilchį́į́ł (duoplural first-person future)
dadiilchį́į́ł (first-person future plural)
dííłchį́į́ł (future second-person singular)
doołchį́į́ł (duoplural future second-person)
dadoołchį́į́ł (future plural second-person)
yidoołchį́į́ł (duoplural future singular third-person)
deidoołchį́į́ł (future plural third-person)
jidoołchį́į́ł (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
dazhdoołchį́į́ł (fourth-person future plural)
náshchį́į́h (first-person singular)
néiilchį́į́h (duoplural first-person)
ńdeiilchį́į́h (first-person plural)
náníłchį́į́h (second-person singular)
náłchį́į́h (duoplural second-person)
ńdaałchį́į́h (plural second-person)
néíłchį́į́h (duoplural singular third-person)
ńdeiłchį́į́h (plural third-person)
ńjíłchį́į́h (duoplural fourth-person singular)
ńdajiłchį́į́h (fourth-person plural)
wóshchą́ą́ʼ (first-person singular)
woolchą́ą́ʼ (duoplural first-person)
daoolchą́ą́ʼ (first-person plural)
wóółchą́ą́ʼ (second-person singular)
woołchą́ą́ʼ (duoplural second-person)
daoołchą́ą́ʼ (plural second-person)
yółchą́ą́ʼ (duoplural singular third-person)
dayółchą́ą́ʼ (plural third-person)
jółchą́ą́ʼ (duoplural fourth-person singular)
dajółchą́ą́ʼ (fourth-person plural)

y- (3rd person object prefix) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier) + -chin (imperfective stem of root -CHĄ́Ą́ʼ, “to smell”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-chin</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-CHĄ́Ą́ʼ</i>


yiłtin

yishtin (first-person imperfective singular)
yiiltin (duoplural first-person imperfective)
deiiltin (first-person imperfective plural)
niłtin (imperfective second-person singular)
wołtin (duoplural imperfective second-person)
daałtin (imperfective plural second-person)
yiłtin (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
deiłtin (imperfective plural third-person)
jiłtin (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dajiłtin (fourth-person imperfective plural)
séłtin (first-person perfective singular)
siiltin (duoplural first-person perfective)
dasiiltin (first-person perfective plural)
síníłtin (perfective second-person singular)
soołtin (duoplural perfective second-person)
dasoołtin (perfective plural second-person)
yistin (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
deistin (perfective plural third-person)
jistin (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dajistin (fourth-person perfective plural)

y- (3rd person object prefix) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier, causative) + -tin (conclusive imperfective stem of root -TIN, “to freeze”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-tin</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-TIN</i>


yiichííh

yiishchííh (first-person imperfective singular)
yiichííh (duoplural first-person imperfective)
deiichííh (first-person imperfective plural)
yiichííh (imperfective second-person singular)
woohchííh (duoplural imperfective second-person)
daoohchííh (imperfective plural second-person)
yiichííh (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
dayiichííh (imperfective plural third-person)
jiichííh (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dajiichííh (fourth-person imperfective plural)
yiichiiʼ (first-person perfective singular)
yiichiiʼ (duoplural first-person perfective)
deiichiiʼ (first-person perfective plural)
yinichiiʼ (perfective second-person singular)
woochiiʼ (duoplural perfective second-person)
daoochiiʼ (perfective plural second-person)
yiichiiʼ (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
deichiiʼ (perfective plural third-person)
jiichiiʼ (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dajiichiiʼ (fourth-person perfective plural)

yi- (transitional) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -chííh (transitional imperfective stem of root -CHIIʼ, “to be red”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-chííh</i>

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-CHIIʼ</i>

he/she (a light-skinned person) is getting sunburnt


yiichííh

second-person singular imperfective of yiichííh

first-person duoplural imperfective of yiichííh


yiichííh

first-person duoplural imperfective of yichííh


yiłhį́į́h

yishhį́į́h (first-person imperfective singular)
yiilyį́į́h (duoplural first-person imperfective)
deiilyį́į́h (first-person imperfective plural)
niłhį́į́h (imperfective second-person singular)
wołhį́į́h (duoplural imperfective second-person)
daałhį́į́h (imperfective plural second-person)
yiłhį́į́h (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
deiłhį́į́h (imperfective plural third-person)
jiłhį́į́h (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dajiłhį́į́h (fourth-person imperfective plural)
yíłhį́į́ʼ (first-person perfective singular)
yiilyį́į́ʼ (duoplural first-person perfective)
deiilyį́į́ʼ (first-person perfective plural)
yíníłhį́į́ʼ (perfective second-person singular)
woołhį́į́ʼ (duoplural perfective second-person)
daoołhį́į́ʼ (perfective plural second-person)
yiyííłhį́į́ʼ (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
dayííłhį́į́ʼ (perfective plural third-person)
jííłhį́į́ʼ (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dajííłhį́į́ʼ (fourth-person perfective plural)

y- (3rd person object prefix) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier, causative) + -yį́į́h (durative imperfective stem of root -YĮ́Į́ʼ, “to melt”).

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-yį́į́h</i>

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-YĮ́Į́ʼ</i>


yiitsóóh

yiistsóóh (first-person imperfective singular)
yiitsóóh (duoplural first-person imperfective)
deiitsóóh (first-person imperfective plural)
yiitsóóh (imperfective second-person singular)
woohtsóóh (duoplural imperfective second-person)
daoohtsóóh (imperfective plural second-person)
yiitsóóh (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
dayiitsóóh (imperfective plural third-person)
jiitsóóh (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dajiitsóóh (fourth-person imperfective plural)
yiitsoii (first-person perfective singular)
yiitsoii (duoplural first-person perfective)
deiitsoii (first-person perfective plural)
yinitsoii (perfective second-person singular)
wootsoii (duoplural perfective second-person)
daootsoii (perfective plural second-person)
yiitsoii (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
deitsoii (perfective plural third-person)
jiitsoii (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dajiitsoii (fourth-person perfective plural)

yi- (transitional) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -tsóóh (transitional imperfective stem of root -TSOII, “to be yellow”).

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-tsóóh</i>

nv-link-to-stem

he/she is turning yellow, tan, or light green


yiitsóóh

second-person singular imperfective form of yiitsóóh

first-person duoplural imperfective form of yiitsóóh


diitłʼíísh

diishtłʼíísh (first-person imperfective singular)
diitłʼíísh (duoplural first-person imperfective)
dadiitłʼíísh (first-person imperfective plural)
diitłʼíísh (imperfective second-person singular)
doohtłʼíísh (duoplural imperfective second-person)
dadoohtłʼíísh (imperfective plural second-person)
diitłʼíísh (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
dadiitłʼíísh (imperfective plural third-person)
jidiitłʼíísh (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dazhdiitłʼíísh (fourth-person imperfective plural)
diitłʼiizh (first-person perfective singular)
diitłʼiizh (duoplural first-person perfective)
dadiitłʼiizh (first-person perfective plural)
dinitłʼiizh (perfective second-person singular)
dootłʼiizh (duoplural perfective second-person)
dadootłʼiizh (perfective plural second-person)
diitłʼiizh (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
dadiitłʼiizh (perfective plural third-person)
jidiitłʼiizh (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dazhdiitłʼiizh (fourth-person perfective plural)

di- (“color”) + -yi- (transitional) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -tłʼíísh (imperfective stem of root -TŁʼIIZH, “to be blue, green”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-tłʼíísh</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-TŁʼIIZH</i>

second-person singular imperfective of diitłʼíísh

first-person dual imperfective of diitłʼíísh


hágo

hágo yidííniid


yitin

yishtin (first-person imperfective singular)
yiitin (duoplural first-person imperfective)
deiitin (first-person imperfective plural)
nitin (imperfective second-person singular)
wohtin (duoplural imperfective second-person)
daahtin (imperfective plural second-person)
yitin (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
daatin (imperfective plural third-person)
jitin (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dajitin (fourth-person imperfective plural)
sistin (first-person perfective singular)
siitin (duoplural first-person perfective)
dasiitin (first-person perfective plural)
sínítin (perfective second-person singular)
soohtin (duoplural perfective second-person)
dasoohtin (perfective plural second-person)
yistin (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
daastin (perfective plural third-person)
jistin (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dajistin (fourth-person perfective plural)

y- (peg element) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -d- (classifier) + -tin (conclusive imperfective stem of root -TIN, “to freeze”).


yiʼaał

yishʼaał (first-person imperfective singular)
yiitʼaał (duoplural first-person imperfective)
deiitʼaał (first-person imperfective plural)
niʼaał (imperfective second-person singular)
wohʼaał (duoplural imperfective second-person)
daahʼaał (imperfective plural second-person)
yiʼaał (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
deiʼaał (imperfective plural third-person)
jiʼaał (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dajiʼaał (fourth-person imperfective plural)
yíʼaal (first-person perfective singular)
yiitʼaal (duoplural first-person perfective)
deiitʼaal (first-person perfective plural)
yíníʼaal (perfective second-person singular)
wooʼaal (duoplural perfective second-person)
daooʼaal (perfective plural second-person)
yiyííʼaal (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
dayííʼaal (perfective plural third-person)
jííʼaal (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dajííʼaal (fourth-person perfective plural)
deeshʼał (first-person future singular)
diitʼał (duoplural first-person future)
dadiitʼał (first-person future plural)
dííʼał (future second-person singular)
doohʼał (duoplural future second-person)
dadoohʼał (future plural second-person)
yidooʼał (duoplural future singular third-person)
deidooʼał (future plural third-person)
jidooʼał (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
dazhdooʼał (fourth-person future plural)

y- (3rd person object prefix) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -ʼaał (durative imperfective stem of root -ʼAAL, “to eat a hard object”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ʼaał</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ʼAAL</i>

he/she is chewing it (something hard or tough)

he/she is eating it (something hard or tough)


łigai

łinishgai (first-person imperfective singular)
łiniigai (duoplural first-person imperfective)
dałiniigai (first-person imperfective plural)
łinígai (imperfective second-person singular)
łinohgai (duoplural imperfective second-person)
dałinohgai (imperfective plural second-person)
łigai (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
daalgai (imperfective plural third-person)
jilgai (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dajilgai (fourth-person imperfective plural)
halgai (spatial-person)

łi- (adjectival) + -∅- (ni-modal 3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -gai (neuter imperfective stem of root -GAII, “to be white”).
Compare Dogrib degoo, Ahtna lggeyi.
The łi- prefix appears to have originated historically from the -ł- classifier. When this prefix appears immediately in pre-stem position, it takes the shape of a l- classifier.

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-gai</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-GAII</i>

Shash łigai

Shash daalgai