yiyą́

yishą́ (first-person imperfective singular)
yiidą́ (duoplural first-person imperfective)
deiidą́ (first-person imperfective plural)
niyą́ (imperfective second-person singular)
wohsą́ (duoplural imperfective second-person)
daohsą́ (imperfective plural second-person)
yiyą́ (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
deiyą́ (imperfective plural third-person)
jiyą́ (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dajiyą́ (fourth-person imperfective plural)
yíyą́ą́ʼ (first-person perfective singular)
yiidą́ą́ʼ (duoplural first-person perfective)
deiidą́ą́ʼ (first-person perfective plural)
yíníyą́ą́ʼ (perfective second-person singular)
wooyą́ą́ʼ (duoplural perfective second-person)
daooyą́ą́ʼ (perfective plural second-person)
yiyííyą́ą́ʼ (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
dayííyą́ą́ʼ (perfective plural third-person)
jííyą́ą́ʼ (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dajííyą́ą́ʼ (fourth-person perfective plural)
deeshį́į́ł (first-person future singular)
diidį́į́ł (duoplural first-person future)
dadiidį́į́ł (first-person future plural)
dííyį́į́ł (future second-person singular)
doohsį́į́ł (duoplural future second-person)
dadoohsį́į́ł (future plural second-person)
yidooyį́į́ł (duoplural future singular third-person)
deidooyį́į́ł (future plural third-person)
jidooyį́į́ł (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
dazhdooyį́į́ł (fourth-person future plural)

y- (3rd person object prefix) + -∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -yą́ (durative imperfective stem of root -YĄ́Ą́ʼ, “to eat”).

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-yą́</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-YĄ́Ą́ʼ</i>


naamaas

naasmaas (first-person imperfective singular)
neiiʼmaas (duoplural first-person imperfective)
nideiiʼmaas (first-person imperfective plural)
nanimaas (imperfective second-person singular)
naahmaas (duoplural imperfective second-person)
nidaahmaas (imperfective plural second-person)
naamaas (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
nidaamaas (imperfective plural third-person)
nijimaas (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
nidajimaas (fourth-person imperfective plural)
nisémááz (first-person perfective singular)
nisiiʼmááz (duoplural first-person perfective)
nidasiiʼmááz (first-person perfective plural)
nisínímááz (perfective second-person singular)
nisoomááz (duoplural perfective second-person)
nidasoomááz (perfective plural second-person)
naazmááz (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
nidaazmááz (perfective plural third-person)
nijizmááz (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
nidajizmááz (fourth-person perfective plural)
ndeesmas (first-person future singular)
ndiiʼmas (duoplural first-person future)
ndadiiʼmas (first-person future plural)
ndíímas (future second-person singular)
ndoohmas (duoplural future second-person)
ndadoohmas (future plural second-person)
ndoomas (duoplural future singular third-person)
ndadoomas (future plural third-person)
nizhdoomas (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
ndazhdoomas (fourth-person future plural)

na- (atelic, circuital) + -∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -maas (continuative imperfective stem of root -MÁÁZ, “to roll”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-maas</i>

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-MÁÁZ</i>


neitłeeh

naashtłeeh (first-person imperfective singular)
neiitłeeh (duoplural first-person imperfective)
nideiitłeeh (first-person imperfective plural)
nanitłeeh (imperfective second-person singular)
naahtłeeh (duoplural imperfective second-person)
nidaahtłeeh (imperfective plural second-person)
neitłeeh (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
nideitłeeh (imperfective plural third-person)
nijitłeeh (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
nidajitłeeh (fourth-person imperfective plural)
nisétłééʼ (first-person perfective singular)
nisiitłééʼ (duoplural first-person perfective)
nidasiitłééʼ (first-person perfective plural)
nisínítłééʼ (perfective second-person singular)
nisootłééʼ (duoplural perfective second-person)
nidasootłééʼ (perfective plural second-person)
neiztłééʼ (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
nideiztłééʼ (perfective plural third-person)
nijiztłééʼ (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
nidajiztłééʼ (fourth-person perfective plural)
ndeeshtłoh (first-person future singular)
ndiitłoh (duoplural first-person future)
ndadiitłoh (first-person future plural)
ndíítłoh (future second-person singular)
ndoohtłoh (duoplural future second-person)
ndadoohtłoh (future plural second-person)
neidootłoh (duoplural future singular third-person)
ndeidootłoh (future plural third-person)
nizhdootłoh (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
ndazhdootłoh (fourth-person future plural)

na- (atelic, circuital) + -y- (3rd person object prefix) + -∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -tłeeh (continuative imperfective stem of root -TŁÉÉʼ, “to handle mushy matter”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-tłeeh</i>

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-TŁÉÉʼ</i>

he/she is carrying it (a mushy object) around


taaʼniil

abínídą́ą́ʼ taaʼniil shéłbéézh


abínídą́ą́ʼ

this morning (which has passed) (with a past-tense verb)

in the morning, tomorrow morning (with future tense)


ńtʼę́ę́ʼ

ńtʼééʼ ńtʼééʼ#Navajo


kǫʼ naʼałbąąsii

kǫʼ (“fire”) + naʼałbąąs (“it causes something to roll about”) + -ii (nominalizer)


ashkii

head

ashkii (plural ashkiiké, ashkiikéyóó, possessed form beʼashkii)

ashkiiké (plural)
ashkiikéyóó (plural)
beʼashkii (possessed-form)
sheʼashkii (first-person singular)
niheʼashkii (duoplural first-person)
daniheʼashkii (first-person plural)
neʼashkii (second-person singular)
niheʼashkii (duoplural second-person)
daniheʼashkii (plural second-person)
beʼashkii (third-person)
yeʼashkii (fourth-person)
hweʼashkii (fourth-person)
ashkii (indefinite)

ashkii éí nineez


abízhí

shibízhí (first-person singular)
nihibízhí (duoplural first-person)
danihibízhí (first-person plural)
nibízhí (second-person singular)
nihibízhí (duoplural second-person)
danihibízhí (plural second-person)
bibízhí (third-person)
yibízhí (fourth-person)
habízhí (fourth-person)
abízhí (indefinite)

shibízhí shichʼįʼ bił hózhǫ́


nineez

nisneez (first-person imperfective singular)
niiʼneez (duoplural first-person imperfective)
daniiʼneez (first-person imperfective plural)
níneez (imperfective second-person singular)
nohneez (duoplural imperfective second-person)
danohneez (imperfective plural second-person)
nineez (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
danineez (imperfective plural third-person)
jíneez (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dajíneez (fourth-person imperfective plural)
íneez (indefinite-person)
hóneez (spatial-person)

ni- (modal) + -∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -neez (neuter absolute stem of root -NEEZ, “to be long, tall”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-neez</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-NEEZ</i>

Kǫʼ naʼałbąąsii nineez.


naakai

third-person plural imperfect active indicative of naaghá


ákwíí

ákwíí shibaʼ

there (at a more or less definite place); thereabout


tʼáá ákwíí jį́

head

tʼáá ákwíí jį́

tʼáá ákwíí jį́


áníłnééz

díí gad yáázh shilááh áníłnééz


dzééh

Dzééh łą́ągo naakai. Łaʼ éí bideeʼ áníłnééz

A lot of elk are roaming. One had really long antlers.

Áádóó dzééh bitsįʼ yiʼkánígíí naakigo nááséłtʼé

And then I grilled a couple more elk burgers.

Cervus canadensis
Cervus canadensis#Translingual


alááh

shilááh (first-person singular)
nihilááh (duoplural first-person)
nilááh (second-person singular)
nihilááh (duoplural second-person)
bilááh (third-person)
yilááh (fourth-person)
halááh (fourth-person)
alááh (fourth-person singular)
álááh (reflexive singular)


índa

then, and then, only then, at that time, only when


Naʼałʼaashí

(obsolete) name of the 13th lunar month.


átááʼ

shítááʼ (first-person singular)
nihítááʼ (duoplural first-person)
danihítááʼ (first-person plural)
nítááʼ (second-person singular)
nihítááʼ (duoplural second-person)
danihítááʼ (plural second-person)
bítááʼ (third-person)
yítááʼ (fourth-person)
hátááʼ (fourth-person)
átááʼ (indefinite)

shítááʼ hadzííyá


-kʼehjí

Dinékʼehjí

Bilagáanakʼehjí


ataaʼ

shitaaʼ (first-person singular)
nihitaaʼ (duoplural first-person)
danihitaaʼ (first-person plural)
nitaaʼ (second-person singular)
nihitaaʼ (duoplural second-person)
danihitaaʼ (plural second-person)
bitaaʼ (third-person)
yitaaʼ (fourth-person)
hataaʼ (fourth-person)
ataaʼ (indefinite)

Cognate with Sarcee -taa, Chipewyan -táá, Beaver -tááʼ, Carrier -baa, Sekani -taʼ, Ahtna -taʼ.

nihiTaaʼ

father (especially when referring to God)


neiłtsoos

naastsoos (first-person imperfective singular)
neiiltsoos (duoplural first-person imperfective)
nideiiltsoos (first-person imperfective plural)
naniłtsoos (imperfective second-person singular)
naołtsoos (duoplural imperfective second-person)
nidaałtsoos (imperfective plural second-person)
neiłtsoos (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
nideiłtsoos (imperfective plural third-person)
nijiłtsoos (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
nidajiłtsoos (fourth-person imperfective plural)
niséłtsooz (first-person perfective singular)
nisiiltsooz (duoplural first-person perfective)
nidasiiltsooz (first-person perfective plural)
nisíníłtsooz (perfective second-person singular)
nisoołtsooz (duoplural perfective second-person)
nidasoołtsooz (perfective plural second-person)
neistsooz (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
nideistsooz (perfective plural third-person)
nijistsooz (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
nidajistsooz (fourth-person perfective plural)
ndeestsos (first-person future singular)
ndiiltsos (duoplural first-person future)
ndadiiltsos (first-person future plural)
ndííłtsos (future second-person singular)
ndoołtsos (duoplural future second-person)
ndadoołtsos (future plural second-person)
neidoołtsos (duoplural future singular third-person)
ndeidoołtsos (future plural third-person)
nizhdoołtsos (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
ndazhdoołtsos (fourth-person future plural)

na- (atelic, circuital) + -y- (3rd person object prefix) + -∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier) + -tsoos (continuative imperfective stem of root -TSOOZ, “to handle a flat flexible object”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-tsoos</i>

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-TSOOZ</i>

nv-link-to-root

he/she is carrying it around (a flat flexible object as a sheet, paper)


neijaah

naashjaah (first-person imperfective singular)
neiijaah (duoplural first-person imperfective)
nideiijaah (first-person imperfective plural)
nanijaah (imperfective second-person singular)
naahjaah (duoplural imperfective second-person)
nidaahjaah (imperfective plural second-person)
neijaah (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
nideijaah (imperfective plural third-person)
nijijaah (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
nidajijaah (fourth-person imperfective plural)
nishéjaaʼ (first-person perfective singular)
nishiijaaʼ (duoplural first-person perfective)
nidashiijaaʼ (first-person perfective plural)
nishíníjaaʼ (perfective second-person singular)
nishoojaaʼ (duoplural perfective second-person)
nidashoojaaʼ (perfective plural second-person)
neizhjaaʼ (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
nideizhjaaʼ (perfective plural third-person)
nijizhjaaʼ (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
nidajizhjaaʼ (fourth-person perfective plural)
ndeeshjih (first-person future singular)
ndiijih (duoplural first-person future)
ndadiijih (first-person future plural)
ndííjih (future second-person singular)
ndoohjih (duoplural future second-person)
ndadoohjih (future plural second-person)
neidoojih (duoplural future singular third-person)
ndeidoojih (future plural third-person)
nizhdoojih (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
ndazhdoojih (fourth-person future plural)

na- (atelic, circuital) + -y- (3rd person object prefix) + -∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -jaah (continuative imperfective stem of root -JAAʼ, “to handle a profusion of objects”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-jaah</i>

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-JAAʼ</i>

nv-link-to-root

he/she is carrying them around (profusion of small objects as sand, seeds, pebbles)


neiʼá

naashʼá (first-person imperfective singular)
neiitʼá (duoplural first-person imperfective)
nideiitʼá (first-person imperfective plural)
naniʼá (imperfective second-person singular)
naahʼá (duoplural imperfective second-person)
nidaahʼá (imperfective plural second-person)
neiʼá (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
nideiʼá (imperfective plural third-person)
nijiʼá (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
nidajiʼá (fourth-person imperfective plural)
niséʼą́ (first-person perfective singular)
nisiitʼą́ (duoplural first-person perfective)
nidasiitʼą́ (first-person perfective plural)
nisíníʼą́ (perfective second-person singular)
nisooʼą́ (duoplural perfective second-person)
nidasooʼą́ (perfective plural second-person)
neizʼą́ (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
nideizʼą́ (perfective plural third-person)
nijizʼą́ (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
nidajizʼą́ (fourth-person perfective plural)
ndeeshʼaał (first-person future singular)
ndiitʼaał (duoplural first-person future)
ndadiitʼaał (first-person future plural)
ndííʼaał (future second-person singular)
ndoohʼaał (duoplural future second-person)
ndadoohʼaał (future plural second-person)
neidooʼaał (duoplural future singular third-person)
ndeidooʼaał (future plural third-person)
nizhdooʼaał (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
ndazhdooʼaał (fourth-person future plural)

na- (atelic, circuital) + -y- (3rd person object prefix) + -∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -ʼá (continuative imperfective stem of root -ʼĄ́, “to handle a solid roundish object”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ʼá</i>

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ʼĄ́</i>

nv-link-to-root

he/she is carrying it (a solid roundish object) around


neiyé

naashhé (first-person imperfective singular)
neiigé (duoplural first-person imperfective)
nideiigé (first-person imperfective plural)
naniyé (imperfective second-person singular)
naahhé (duoplural imperfective second-person)
nidaahhé (imperfective plural second-person)
neiyé (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
nideiyé (imperfective plural third-person)
nijiyé (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
nidajiyé (fourth-person imperfective plural)
niséyį́ (first-person perfective singular)
nisiigį́ (duoplural first-person perfective)
nidasiigį́ (first-person perfective plural)
nisíníyį́ (perfective second-person singular)
nisooyį́ (duoplural perfective second-person)
nidasooyį́ (perfective plural second-person)
neizyį́ (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
nideizyį́ (perfective plural third-person)
nijizyį́ (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
nidajizyį́ (fourth-person perfective plural)
ndeeshhééł (first-person future singular)
ndiigééł (duoplural first-person future)
ndadiigééł (first-person future plural)
ndííyééł (future second-person singular)
ndoohhééł (duoplural future second-person)
ndadoohhééł (future plural second-person)
neidooyééł (duoplural future singular third-person)
ndeidooyééł (future plural third-person)
nizhdooyééł (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
ndazhdooyééł (fourth-person future plural)

na- (atelic, circuital) + -y- (3rd person object prefix) + -∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -yé (continuative imperfective stem of root -YĮ́, “to handle a pack or a burden”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-yé</i>

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-YĮ́</i>

nv-link-to-root

he/she is carrying it around (a load or pack)


neiłjooł

naashjooł (first-person imperfective singular)
neiiljooł (duoplural first-person imperfective)
nideiiljooł (first-person imperfective plural)
naniłjooł (imperfective second-person singular)
naałjooł (duoplural imperfective second-person)
nidaałjooł (imperfective plural second-person)
neiłjooł (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
nideiłjooł (imperfective plural third-person)
nijiłjooł (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
nidajiłjooł (fourth-person imperfective plural)
nishéłjool (first-person perfective singular)
nishiiljool (duoplural first-person perfective)
nidashiiljool (first-person perfective plural)
nishíníłjool (perfective second-person singular)
nishoołjool (duoplural perfective second-person)
nidashoołjool (perfective plural second-person)
neishjool (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
nideishjool (perfective plural third-person)
nijishjool (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
nidajishjool (fourth-person perfective plural)
ndeeshjoł (first-person future singular)
ndiiljoł (duoplural first-person future)
ndadiiljoł (first-person future plural)
ndííłjoł (future second-person singular)
ndoołjoł (duoplural future second-person)
ndadoołjoł (future plural second-person)
neidoołjoł (duoplural future singular third-person)
ndeidoołjoł (future plural third-person)
nizhdoołjoł (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
ndazhdoołjoł (fourth-person future plural)

na- (atelic, circuital) + -y- (3rd person object prefix) + -∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier, causative) + -jooł (continuative imperfective stem of root -JOOL, “non-compact matter moves”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-jooł</i>

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-JOOL</i>

he/she is carrying it around (non-compact matter as a wig, hay, wool)


neiłjid

naashjid (first-person imperfective singular)
neiiljid (duoplural first-person imperfective)
nideiiljid (first-person imperfective plural)
naniłjid (imperfective second-person singular)
naałjid (duoplural imperfective second-person)
nidaałjid (imperfective plural second-person)
neiłjid (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
nideiłjid (imperfective plural third-person)
nijiłjid (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
nidajiłjid (fourth-person imperfective plural)
nishéłjid (first-person perfective singular)
nishiiljid (duoplural first-person perfective)
nidashiiljid (first-person perfective plural)
nishíníłjid (perfective second-person singular)
nishoołjid (duoplural perfective second-person)
nidashoołjid (perfective plural second-person)
neishjid (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
nideishjid (perfective plural third-person)
nijishjid (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
nidajishjid (fourth-person perfective plural)
ndeeshjił (first-person future singular)
ndiiljił (duoplural first-person future)
ndadiiljił (first-person future plural)
ndííłjił (future second-person singular)
ndoołjił (duoplural future second-person)
ndadoołjił (future plural second-person)
neidoołjił (duoplural future singular third-person)
ndeidoołjił (future plural third-person)
nizhdoołjił (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
ndazhdoołjił (fourth-person future plural)

na- (atelic, circuital) + -y- (3rd person object prefix) + -∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier) + -jid (continuative imperfective stem of root -JID, “to carry on one's back”).

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-jid</i>

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-JID</i>

he/she is carrying it around on his/her back


neilé

naashłé (first-person imperfective singular)
neiilyé (duoplural first-person imperfective)
nideiilyé (first-person imperfective plural)
nanilé (imperfective second-person singular)
naahłé (duoplural imperfective second-person)
nidaahłé (imperfective plural second-person)
neilé (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
nideilé (imperfective plural third-person)
nijilé (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
nidajilé (fourth-person imperfective plural)
nisélá (first-person perfective singular)
nisiilyá (duoplural first-person perfective)
nidasiilyá (first-person perfective plural)
nisínílá (perfective second-person singular)
nisoolá (duoplural perfective second-person)
nidasoolá (perfective plural second-person)
neizlá (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
nideizlá (perfective plural third-person)
nijizlá (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
nidajizlá (fourth-person perfective plural)
ndeeshłeeł (first-person future singular)
ndiilyeeł (duoplural first-person future)
ndadiilyeeł (first-person future plural)
ndííleeł (future second-person singular)
ndoohłeeł (duoplural future second-person)
ndadoohłeeł (future plural second-person)
neidooleeł (duoplural future singular third-person)
ndeidooleeł (future plural third-person)
nizhdooleeł (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
ndazhdooleeł (fourth-person future plural)

na- (atelic, circuital) + -y- (3rd person object prefix) + -∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -lé (continuative imperfective stem of root -LÁ, “to handle a slender flexible object”).

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-lé</i>

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-LÁ</i>

nv-link-to-root

he/she is carrying it around (slender flexible objects as ropes, chains, belts)

he/she is carrying them around (pairs of objects as shoes, socks, scissors)


haneʼ binaaltsoos

From haneʼ (“news”) and bi- (“third-person possessive”) + naaltsoos (“pages”).


ahéheeʼ nitsaago

ahéheeʼ (“thanks”) + nitsaa (“it is big”) + -go (adverbial suffix)


gíinsi

Borrowed from Spanish quince (“fifteen”).


-x-

łitso

łitsxo


yágo dootłʼizh

yá (“sky”) + -go (adverbial suffix) + dootłʼizh (“blue”)


dibéłchíʼí

From dibé (“sheep”) + łichííʼ (“red”) + -í (nominalizer).

Ayání dibéłchíʼí

The (one / two) buffalo (is / are) brown.

Ayání daalchííʼ


yéego łitso

Díí jooł éí yéego łitso.


łichxíʼí

From łichxííʼ (“he/she/it is orange / reddish orange”) + -í (nominalizer).


łitsxo

łinistsxo (first-person imperfective singular)
łiniitsxo (duoplural first-person imperfective)
dałiniitsxo (first-person imperfective plural)
łinítsxo (imperfective second-person singular)
łinohtsxo (duoplural imperfective second-person)
dałinohtsxo (imperfective plural second-person)
łitsxo (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
daaltsxo (imperfective plural third-person)
jiltsxo (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dajiltsxo (fourth-person imperfective plural)

łi- (adjectival) + -∅- (ni-modal 3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -tso (neuter imperfective stem of root -TSOII, “to be yellow”), with emphatic infix -x-.
The łi- prefix appears to have originated historically from the -ł- classifier. When this prefix appears immediately in pre-stem position, it takes the shape of a -l- classifier.

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-tso</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-TSOII</i>

nv-link-to-root

Díí nidaashchʼąąʼígíí éí łitsxo.


yiłneʼ

yishneʼ (first-person imperfective singular)
yiilneʼ (duoplural first-person imperfective)
deiilneʼ (first-person imperfective plural)
niłneʼ (imperfective second-person singular)
wołneʼ (duoplural imperfective second-person)
daałneʼ (imperfective plural second-person)
yiłneʼ (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
deiłneʼ (imperfective plural third-person)
jiłneʼ (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dajiłneʼ (fourth-person imperfective plural)
yíłneʼ (first-person perfective singular)
yiilneʼ (duoplural first-person perfective)
dasiilneʼ (first-person perfective plural)
yíníłneʼ (perfective second-person singular)
woołneʼ (duoplural perfective second-person)
dasoołneʼ (perfective plural second-person)
yiyííłneʼ (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
deisneʼ (perfective plural third-person)
jííłneʼ (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dajisneʼ (fourth-person perfective plural)

y- (3rd person object prefix) + -∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier) + -neʼ (imperfective stem of root -NEʼ, “to propel a solid roundish object”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-neʼ</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-NEʼ</i>

nv-link-to-root

he/she is throwing it (a solid roundish object)


yiłchin

yishchin (first-person imperfective singular)
yiilchin (duoplural first-person imperfective)
deiilchin (first-person imperfective plural)
niłchin (imperfective second-person singular)
wołchin (duoplural imperfective second-person)
daałchin (imperfective plural second-person)
yiłchin (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
deiłchin (imperfective plural third-person)
jiłchin (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dajiłchin (fourth-person imperfective plural)
shéłchą́ą́ʼ (first-person perfective singular)
shiilchą́ą́ʼ (duoplural first-person perfective)
dashiilchą́ą́ʼ (first-person perfective plural)
shíníłchą́ą́ʼ (perfective second-person singular)
shoołchą́ą́ʼ (duoplural perfective second-person)
dashoołchą́ą́ʼ (perfective plural second-person)
yishchą́ą́ʼ (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
deishchą́ą́ʼ (perfective plural third-person)
jishchą́ą́ʼ (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dajishchą́ą́ʼ (fourth-person perfective plural)
deeshchį́į́ł (first-person future singular)
diilchį́į́ł (duoplural first-person future)
dadiilchį́į́ł (first-person future plural)
dííłchį́į́ł (future second-person singular)
doołchį́į́ł (duoplural future second-person)
dadoołchį́į́ł (future plural second-person)
yidoołchį́į́ł (duoplural future singular third-person)
deidoołchį́į́ł (future plural third-person)
jidoołchį́į́ł (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
dazhdoołchį́į́ł (fourth-person future plural)
náshchį́į́h (first-person singular)
néiilchį́į́h (duoplural first-person)
ńdeiilchį́į́h (first-person plural)
náníłchį́į́h (second-person singular)
náłchį́į́h (duoplural second-person)
ńdaałchį́į́h (plural second-person)
néíłchį́į́h (duoplural singular third-person)
ńdeiłchį́į́h (plural third-person)
ńjíłchį́į́h (duoplural fourth-person singular)
ńdajiłchį́į́h (fourth-person plural)
wóshchą́ą́ʼ (first-person singular)
woolchą́ą́ʼ (duoplural first-person)
daoolchą́ą́ʼ (first-person plural)
wóółchą́ą́ʼ (second-person singular)
woołchą́ą́ʼ (duoplural second-person)
daoołchą́ą́ʼ (plural second-person)
yółchą́ą́ʼ (duoplural singular third-person)
dayółchą́ą́ʼ (plural third-person)
jółchą́ą́ʼ (duoplural fourth-person singular)
dajółchą́ą́ʼ (fourth-person plural)

y- (3rd person object prefix) + -∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier) + -chin (imperfective stem of root -CHĄ́Ą́ʼ, “to smell”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-chin</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-CHĄ́Ą́ʼ</i>


yiłtin

yishtin (first-person imperfective singular)
yiiltin (duoplural first-person imperfective)
deiiltin (first-person imperfective plural)
niłtin (imperfective second-person singular)
wołtin (duoplural imperfective second-person)
daałtin (imperfective plural second-person)
yiłtin (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
deiłtin (imperfective plural third-person)
jiłtin (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dajiłtin (fourth-person imperfective plural)
séłtin (first-person perfective singular)
siiltin (duoplural first-person perfective)
dasiiltin (first-person perfective plural)
síníłtin (perfective second-person singular)
soołtin (duoplural perfective second-person)
dasoołtin (perfective plural second-person)
yistin (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
deistin (perfective plural third-person)
jistin (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dajistin (fourth-person perfective plural)

y- (3rd person object prefix) + -∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier, causative) + -tin (conclusive imperfective stem of root -TIN, “to freeze”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-tin</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-TIN</i>


yiichííh

yiishchííh (first-person imperfective singular)
yiichííh (duoplural first-person imperfective)
deiichííh (first-person imperfective plural)
yiichííh (imperfective second-person singular)
woohchííh (duoplural imperfective second-person)
daoohchííh (imperfective plural second-person)
yiichííh (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
dayiichííh (imperfective plural third-person)
jiichííh (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dajiichííh (fourth-person imperfective plural)
yiichiiʼ (first-person perfective singular)
yiichiiʼ (duoplural first-person perfective)
deiichiiʼ (first-person perfective plural)
yinichiiʼ (perfective second-person singular)
woochiiʼ (duoplural perfective second-person)
daoochiiʼ (perfective plural second-person)
yiichiiʼ (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
deichiiʼ (perfective plural third-person)
jiichiiʼ (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dajiichiiʼ (fourth-person perfective plural)

yi- (transitional) + -∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -chííh (transitional imperfective stem of root -CHIIʼ, “to be red”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-chííh</i>

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-CHIIʼ</i>

he/she (a light-skinned person) is getting sunburnt


yiichííh

second-person singular imperfective of yiichííh

first-person duoplural imperfective of yiichííh


yiichííh

first-person duoplural imperfective of yichííh


yiłhį́į́h

yishhį́į́h (first-person imperfective singular)
yiilyį́į́h (duoplural first-person imperfective)
deiilyį́į́h (first-person imperfective plural)
niłhį́į́h (imperfective second-person singular)
wołhį́į́h (duoplural imperfective second-person)
daałhį́į́h (imperfective plural second-person)
yiłhį́į́h (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
deiłhį́į́h (imperfective plural third-person)
jiłhį́į́h (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dajiłhį́į́h (fourth-person imperfective plural)
yíłhį́į́ʼ (first-person perfective singular)
yiilyį́į́ʼ (duoplural first-person perfective)
deiilyį́į́ʼ (first-person perfective plural)
yíníłhį́į́ʼ (perfective second-person singular)
woołhį́į́ʼ (duoplural perfective second-person)
daoołhį́į́ʼ (perfective plural second-person)
yiyííłhį́į́ʼ (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
dayííłhį́į́ʼ (perfective plural third-person)
jííłhį́į́ʼ (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dajííłhį́į́ʼ (fourth-person perfective plural)

y- (3rd person object prefix) + -∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier, causative) + -yį́į́h (durative imperfective stem of root -YĮ́Į́ʼ, “to melt”).

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-yį́į́h</i>

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-YĮ́Į́ʼ</i>


łeeh

Contraction of łee- (“ground, soil”, combining form of łeezh) + -iih (“into”)

łeeh biʼdilteehgo

into the ground, soil, earth, dirt or ashes


łóóʼ bigaan dahólónígíí

łóóʼ (“fish”) + bi- (“its”) + agaan (“arm”) + da- (“plural marker”) + hólǫ́ (“there are”) + -ígíí (“nominalizer”)


yiitsóóh

yiistsóóh (first-person imperfective singular)
yiitsóóh (duoplural first-person imperfective)
deiitsóóh (first-person imperfective plural)
yiitsóóh (imperfective second-person singular)
woohtsóóh (duoplural imperfective second-person)
daoohtsóóh (imperfective plural second-person)
yiitsóóh (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
dayiitsóóh (imperfective plural third-person)
jiitsóóh (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dajiitsóóh (fourth-person imperfective plural)
yiitsoii (first-person perfective singular)
yiitsoii (duoplural first-person perfective)
deiitsoii (first-person perfective plural)
yinitsoii (perfective second-person singular)
wootsoii (duoplural perfective second-person)
daootsoii (perfective plural second-person)
yiitsoii (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
deitsoii (perfective plural third-person)
jiitsoii (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dajiitsoii (fourth-person perfective plural)

yi- (transitional) + -∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -tsóóh (transitional imperfective stem of root -TSOII, “to be yellow”).

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-tsóóh</i>

nv-link-to-stem

he/she is turning yellow, tan, or light green


yiitsóóh

second-person singular imperfective form of yiitsóóh

first-person duoplural imperfective form of yiitsóóh


hágo

hágo yidííniid


diitłʼíísh

diishtłʼíísh (first-person imperfective singular)
diitłʼíísh (duoplural first-person imperfective)
dadiitłʼíísh (first-person imperfective plural)
diitłʼíísh (imperfective second-person singular)
doohtłʼíísh (duoplural imperfective second-person)
dadoohtłʼíísh (imperfective plural second-person)
diitłʼíísh (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
dadiitłʼíísh (imperfective plural third-person)
jidiitłʼíísh (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dazhdiitłʼíísh (fourth-person imperfective plural)
diitłʼiizh (first-person perfective singular)
diitłʼiizh (duoplural first-person perfective)
dadiitłʼiizh (first-person perfective plural)
dinitłʼiizh (perfective second-person singular)
dootłʼiizh (duoplural perfective second-person)
dadootłʼiizh (perfective plural second-person)
diitłʼiizh (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
dadiitłʼiizh (perfective plural third-person)
jidiitłʼiizh (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dazhdiitłʼiizh (fourth-person perfective plural)

di- (“color”) + -yi- (transitional) + -∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -tłʼíísh (imperfective stem of root -TŁʼIIZH, “to be blue, green”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-tłʼíísh</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-TŁʼIIZH</i>

second-person singular imperfective of diitłʼíísh

first-person dual imperfective of diitłʼíísh


Dinékʼehjí

From diné (“Navajo”) + -kʼehjí (“in the fashion of”).


Dinékʼehgo

From diné (“Navajo”) + kʼehgo (“in accordance with”).

after the fashion of the Navajo, in the Navajo way


Bilagáanakʼehjí

From Bilagáana (“white man”) + -kʼehjí (“in the fashion of”).


azeeʼ neiikáhí

head

azeeʼ neiikáhí (plural azeeʼ nideiikáhí)

azeeʼ (“medicine”) + neiiká (“he/she carries it about”), from -kaah (imperfective stem for handling a substance contained in an open container), plus -í (nominalizer)


kʼehgo

after the fashion of, in the way of, in the manner of


Bilagáanakʼehgo

From Bilagáana (“white man”) + kʼehgo (“in accordance with”).

after the fashion of the white man, the white man's way


Sisnaajiní

sis (“mountain”) + naajiní (“black streak”).


Dinétah

Dinétah, a large area around the Four Corners region of the Southwest


yitin

yishtin (first-person imperfective singular)
yiitin (duoplural first-person imperfective)
deiitin (first-person imperfective plural)
nitin (imperfective second-person singular)
wohtin (duoplural imperfective second-person)
daahtin (imperfective plural second-person)
yitin (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
daatin (imperfective plural third-person)
jitin (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dajitin (fourth-person imperfective plural)
sistin (first-person perfective singular)
siitin (duoplural first-person perfective)
dasiitin (first-person perfective plural)
sínítin (perfective second-person singular)
soohtin (duoplural perfective second-person)
dasoohtin (perfective plural second-person)
yistin (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
daastin (perfective plural third-person)
jistin (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dajistin (fourth-person perfective plural)

y- (peg element) + -∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -d- (classifier) + -tin (conclusive imperfective stem of root -TIN, “to freeze”).


Tsoodził

Possibly from atsooʼ (“tongue”) + dził (“mountain”). Another theory is that is comes from tsodizin (“prayer”) + dził (“mountain”).


Chʼóolʼį́ʼí

Chʼóolʼį́ʼí is thought to have meant “precious stones” or “great spruce”.


Dookʼoʼoosłííd

It means “its summit never melts”: doo (“not”) akʼi (“on top”) ʼa- (3rd-person indefinite subject pronoun) + yi- (transitional aspect denoting change in form) + -ł- (transitive classifier) + -lííd (verb stem meaning to melt off)

San Francisco Peaks
San Francisco Peaks#English

San Francisco Peaks (a mountain range in Coconino County, Arizona, United States).


Áłtsé Asdzą́ą́

head

Áłtsé Asdzą́ą́

Áłtsé Asdzą́ą́


Dził Náʼoodiłii

Travelers’ Circle Mountain, from dził (“mountain”) + náʼoodił (“people move around”) + -ii (“nominalizer”)


Dibé Nitsaa

From dibé (“sheep”) + nitsaa (“it is big”).


yiʼaał

yishʼaał (first-person imperfective singular)
yiitʼaał (duoplural first-person imperfective)
deiitʼaał (first-person imperfective plural)
niʼaał (imperfective second-person singular)
wohʼaał (duoplural imperfective second-person)
daahʼaał (imperfective plural second-person)
yiʼaał (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
deiʼaał (imperfective plural third-person)
jiʼaał (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dajiʼaał (fourth-person imperfective plural)
yíʼaal (first-person perfective singular)
yiitʼaal (duoplural first-person perfective)
deiitʼaal (first-person perfective plural)
yíníʼaal (perfective second-person singular)
wooʼaal (duoplural perfective second-person)
daooʼaal (perfective plural second-person)
yiyííʼaal (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
dayííʼaal (perfective plural third-person)
jííʼaal (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dajííʼaal (fourth-person perfective plural)
deeshʼał (first-person future singular)
diitʼał (duoplural first-person future)
dadiitʼał (first-person future plural)
dííʼał (future second-person singular)
doohʼał (duoplural future second-person)
dadoohʼał (future plural second-person)
yidooʼał (duoplural future singular third-person)
deidooʼał (future plural third-person)
jidooʼał (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
dazhdooʼał (fourth-person future plural)

y- (3rd person object prefix) + -∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -ʼaał (durative imperfective stem of root -ʼAAL, “to eat a hard object”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ʼaał</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ʼAAL</i>

he/she is chewing it (something hard or tough)

he/she is eating it (something hard or tough)


díkwíí łą́

Bįįh díkwíí łą́ yíníʼį́?

Naaki yishʼį́.


-ísh

Níísh Hashkétsʼósí yinílyé?

Diné bizaadísh dinitsʼaʼ?


ndagaʼ

Ndagaʼ, shash łigai


éísh

Tsídii éísh łichííʼ?

Nidagaʼ, tsídii dootłʼizh.

Interrogative demonstrative pronoun, used to mark and/or refer to the subject of a question.


daʼ

Daʼ díísh Tségháhoodzánígóó atiin?


yiigááh

yiishgááh (first-person imperfective singular)
yiigááh (duoplural first-person imperfective)
deiigááh (first-person imperfective plural)
yiigááh (imperfective second-person singular)
woohgááh (duoplural imperfective second-person)
daoohgááh (imperfective plural second-person)
yiigááh (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
dayiigááh (imperfective plural third-person)
jiigááh (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dajiigááh (fourth-person imperfective plural)
yiigaii (first-person perfective singular)
yiigaii (duoplural first-person perfective)
deiigaii (first-person perfective plural)
yinigaii (perfective second-person singular)
woogaii (duoplural perfective second-person)
daoogaii (perfective plural second-person)
yiigaii (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
deigaii (perfective plural third-person)
jiigaii (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dajiigaii (fourth-person perfective plural)

yi- (transitional) + -∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -gááh (transitional imperfective stem of root -GAII, “to be white”).

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-gááh</i>

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-GAII</i>


yiigááh

second-person singular imperfective form of yiigááh

first-person duoplural imperfective of yiigááh


łizhin

łinishzhin (first-person imperfective singular)
łiniijin (duoplural first-person imperfective)
dałiniijin (first-person imperfective plural)
łinízhin (imperfective second-person singular)
łinohzhin (duoplural imperfective second-person)
dałinohzhin (imperfective plural second-person)
łizhin (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
daalzhin (imperfective plural third-person)
jilzhin (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dajilzhin (fourth-person imperfective plural)

łi- (adjectival) + -∅- (ni-modal 3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -zhin (neuter imperfective stem of root -ZHĮ́Į́ʼ, “to be black”).
The łi- prefix appears to have originated historically from the -ł- classifier. When this prefix appears immediately in pre-stem position, it takes the shape of a -l- classifier.
Compare Dogrib dezǫ, Ahtna delzen (“dark colored”).

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-zhin</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ZHĮ́Į́ʼ</i>

Mósí łizhin

Mósí daalzhin


łigai

łinishgai (first-person imperfective singular)
łiniigai (duoplural first-person imperfective)
dałiniigai (first-person imperfective plural)
łinígai (imperfective second-person singular)
łinohgai (duoplural imperfective second-person)
dałinohgai (imperfective plural second-person)
łigai (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
daalgai (imperfective plural third-person)
jilgai (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dajilgai (fourth-person imperfective plural)

łi- (adjectival) + -∅- (ni-modal 3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -gai (neuter imperfective stem of root -GAII, “to be white”).
Compare Dogrib degoo, Ahtna lggeyi.
The łi- prefix appears to have originated historically from the -ł- classifier. When this prefix appears immediately in pre-stem position, it takes the shape of a -l- classifier.

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-gai</i>

Shash łigai

Shash daalgai


yiłdeeł

yishdeeł (first-person imperfective singular)
yiildeeł (duoplural first-person imperfective)
deiildeeł (first-person imperfective plural)
niłdeeł (imperfective second-person singular)
wołdeeł (duoplural imperfective second-person)
daałdeeł (imperfective plural second-person)
yiłdeeł (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
deiłdeeł (imperfective plural third-person)
jiłdeeł (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dajiłdeeł (fourth-person imperfective plural)
yíłdéél (first-person perfective singular)
yiildéél (duoplural first-person perfective)
dasiildéél (first-person perfective plural)
yíníłdéél (perfective second-person singular)
woołdéél (duoplural perfective second-person)
dasoołdéél (perfective plural second-person)
yiyííłdéél (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
deisdéél (perfective plural third-person)
jííłdéél (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dajisdéél (fourth-person perfective plural)
deeshdił (first-person future singular)
diildił (duoplural first-person future)
dadiildił (first-person future plural)
dííłdił (future second-person singular)
doołdił (duoplural future second-person)
dadoołdił (future plural second-person)
yidoołdił (duoplural future singular third-person)
deidoołdił (future plural third-person)
jidoołdił (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
dazhdoołdił (fourth-person future plural)

y- (3rd person object prefix) + -∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier, causative) + -deeł (imperfective stem of root -DÉÉL, “a slender flexible object moves”).

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-deeł</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-DÉÉL</i>

nv-link-to-root

he/she is throwing it (a slender flexible object as a rope, a chain, a belt)

he/she is throwing them (a pair of objects as shoes, socks, scissors)


nahateeł

Atiin ayóo nahateeł

Díí óolyé nahateeł

to be slippery, slick (an area) (spatial form of naateeł)


hózhǫ́ǫgo

laanaa yáʼátʼéehgo Késhmish, nił hózhǫ́ǫgo chʼídoohah

baa hózhǫ́ǫgo

being happy about it (common formula for congratulating someone on some occasion)

Baa Hózhǫ́ǫgo Nee Nínáádoohah


óolyé

íinishyé (first-person imperfective singular)
íiniilyé (duoplural first-person imperfective)
ádeiniilyé (first-person imperfective plural)
íinílyé (imperfective second-person singular)
íinołyé (duoplural imperfective second-person)
ádeinołyé (imperfective plural second-person)
óolyé (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
ádaolyé (imperfective plural third-person)
ájoolyé (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
ádajoolyé (fourth-person imperfective plural)
íisisyeʼ (first-person perfective singular)
íisiilyeʼ (duoplural first-person perfective)
ádeisiilyeʼ (first-person perfective plural)
íisínílyeʼ (perfective second-person singular)
íisoołyeʼ (duoplural perfective second-person)
ádeisoołyeʼ (perfective plural second-person)
óosyeʼ (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
ádaosyeʼ (perfective plural third-person)
ájoosyeʼ (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
ádajoosyeʼ (fourth-person perfective plural)

ʼá- (“thus”) + -oo- (meaning unclear, combining form of yini- in the 3rd person) + -l- (classifier) + -yé (imperfective stem of root -YEʼ, “to be called”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-yé</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-YEʼ</i>

Haʼátʼíí óolyé?

it is meant, it is the meaning in reference, it is the name in reference


yidiłhį́į́h

dishhį́į́h (first-person imperfective singular)
diilyį́į́h (duoplural first-person imperfective)
dadiilyį́į́h (first-person imperfective plural)
díłhį́į́h (imperfective second-person singular)
dołhį́į́h (duoplural imperfective second-person)
dadołhį́į́h (imperfective plural second-person)
yidiłhį́į́h (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
deidiłhį́į́h (imperfective plural third-person)
jidiłhį́į́h (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dazhdiłhį́į́h (fourth-person imperfective plural)
dííłhį́į́ʼ (first-person perfective singular)
diilyį́į́ʼ (duoplural first-person perfective)
dadiilyį́į́ʼ (first-person perfective plural)
dííníłhį́į́ʼ (perfective second-person singular)
doołhį́į́ʼ (duoplural perfective second-person)
dadoołhį́į́ʼ (perfective plural second-person)
yidííłhį́į́ʼ (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
deidííłhį́į́ʼ (perfective plural third-person)
jidííłhį́į́ʼ (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dazhdííłhį́į́ʼ (fourth-person perfective plural)

y- (3rd person object prefix) + -di- (“fire”) + -∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier, causative) + -yį́į́h (imperfective stem of root -YĮ́Į́ʼ, “to melt”).

nv-prefixes

he/she is melting it, using a high level of heat


yiłchozh

yishchozh (first-person imperfective singular)
yiilchozh (duoplural first-person imperfective)
deiilchozh (first-person imperfective plural)
niłchozh (imperfective second-person singular)
wołchozh (duoplural imperfective second-person)
daałchozh (imperfective plural second-person)
yiłchozh (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
deiłchozh (imperfective plural third-person)
jiłchozh (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dajiłchozh (fourth-person imperfective plural)
yíłchozh (first-person perfective singular)
yiilchozh (duoplural first-person perfective)
deiilchozh (first-person perfective plural)
yíníłchozh (perfective second-person singular)
woołchozh (duoplural perfective second-person)
daoołchozh (perfective plural second-person)
yiyííłchozh (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
dayííłchozh (perfective plural third-person)
jííłchozh (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dajííłchozh (fourth-person perfective plural)
deeshchosh (first-person future singular)
diilchosh (duoplural first-person future)
dadiilchosh (first-person future plural)
dííłchosh (future second-person singular)
doołchosh (duoplural future second-person)
dadoołchosh (future plural second-person)
yidoołchosh (duoplural future singular third-person)
deidoołchosh (future plural third-person)
jidoołchosh (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
dazhdoołchosh (fourth-person future plural)

y- (3rd person object prefix) + -∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier) + -chozh (durative imperfective stem of root -CHOZH, “to eat a leafy object”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-chozh</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-CHOZH</i>

he/she is chewing it (something flat or leafy)

he/she is eating it (something flat or leafy)


Tóbájíshchíní

tó (“water”) + bá (“for it”) + jízhchį́ (“He was born”) + -í (“nominalizer”). Compare Chiricahua Tóbájiishchinéń (“Child of the Water”).

cog

Asdzą́ą́ Nádleehé
Asdzą́ą́ Nádleehé#Navajo

“Born of Water”, “Child of the Water” (the younger of the Hero Twins, sons of Asdzą́ą́ Nádleehé)


Naayééʼ Neizghání

/nɑ̀ːjéːʔ nɛ̀ɪ̀zɣɑ́nɪ́/

Compare Chiricahua Naaghééʼneesgháné (“Killer of Enemies”).

“Monster Slayer” (the elder of the Hero Twins, sons of Asdzą́ą́ Nádleehé)


yimal

yishmal (first-person imperfective singular)
yiiʼmal (duoplural first-person imperfective)
deiiʼmal (first-person imperfective plural)
nimal (imperfective second-person singular)
wohmal (duoplural imperfective second-person)
daahmal (imperfective plural second-person)
yimal (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
deimal (imperfective plural third-person)
jimal (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dajimal (fourth-person imperfective plural)
yímal (first-person perfective singular)
yiiʼmal (duoplural first-person perfective)
deiiʼmal (first-person perfective plural)
yínímal (perfective second-person singular)
woomal (duoplural perfective second-person)
daoomal (perfective plural second-person)
yiyíímal (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
dayíímal (perfective plural third-person)
jíímal (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dajíímal (fourth-person perfective plural)

y- (3rd person object prefix) + -∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -mal (durative imperfective stem of root -MAL, “to gobble”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-mal</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-MAL</i>

he/she is gobbling it, eating it quickly


yiijį́į́h

yiishjį́į́h (first-person imperfective singular)
yiijį́į́h (duoplural first-person imperfective)
deiijį́į́h (first-person imperfective plural)
yiijį́į́h (imperfective second-person singular)
woohjį́į́h (duoplural imperfective second-person)
daoohjį́į́h (imperfective plural second-person)
yiijį́į́h (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
dayiijį́į́h (imperfective plural third-person)
jiijį́į́h (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dajiijį́į́h (fourth-person imperfective plural)
yiishjį́į́ʼ (first-person perfective singular)
yiijį́į́ʼ (duoplural first-person perfective)
deiijį́į́ʼ (first-person perfective plural)
yinijį́į́ʼ (perfective second-person singular)
woohjį́į́ʼ (duoplural perfective second-person)
daoohjį́į́ʼ (perfective plural second-person)
yiijį́į́ʼ (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
deijį́į́ʼ (perfective plural third-person)
jiijį́į́ʼ (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dajiijį́į́ʼ (fourth-person perfective plural)

yi- (transitional) + -∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -d- (classifier) + -zhį́į́h (transitional imperfective stem of root -ZHĮ́Į́ʼ, “to be black”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-zhį́į́h</i>

nv-link-to-stem

he/she (a dark-skinned person) is getting sunburnt


yiijį́į́h

second-person singular imperfective form of yiijį́į́h

first-person duoplural imperfective form of yiijį́į́h


yiibááh

yiishbááh (first-person imperfective singular)
yiibááh (duoplural first-person imperfective)
deiibááh (first-person imperfective plural)
yiibááh (imperfective second-person singular)
woohbááh (duoplural imperfective second-person)
daoohbááh (imperfective plural second-person)
yiibááh (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
dayiibááh (imperfective plural third-person)
jiibááh (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dajiibááh (fourth-person imperfective plural)
yiibaʼ (first-person perfective singular)
yiibaʼ (duoplural first-person perfective)
deiibaʼ (first-person perfective plural)
yinibaʼ (perfective second-person singular)
woobaʼ (duoplural perfective second-person)
daoobaʼ (perfective plural second-person)
yiibaʼ (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
deibaʼ (perfective plural third-person)
jiibaʼ (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dajiibaʼ (fourth-person perfective plural)

yi- (transitional) + -∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -bááh (transitional imperfective stem of root -BAʼ, “to be gray”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-bááh</i>

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-BAʼ</i>


yiibááh

inflection of yiibááh:
second-person singular imperfective

inflection of yiibááh:
first-person duoplural imperfective


yiibááh

first-person duoplural imperfective of yibááh


yildeeł

yishdeeł (first-person imperfective singular)
yiildeeł (duoplural first-person imperfective)
deiildeeł (first-person imperfective plural)
nildeeł (imperfective second-person singular)
wołdeeł (duoplural imperfective second-person)
daałdeeł (imperfective plural second-person)
yildeeł (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
deildeeł (imperfective plural third-person)
jildeeł (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dajildeeł (fourth-person imperfective plural)
yishdéél (first-person perfective singular)
yiildéél (duoplural first-person perfective)
deiildéél (first-person perfective plural)
yíníldéél (perfective second-person singular)
woołdéél (duoplural perfective second-person)
daoołdéél (perfective plural second-person)
yooldéél (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
dayooldéél (perfective plural third-person)
jooldéél (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dajooldéél (fourth-person perfective plural)
deeshdił (first-person future singular)
diildił (duoplural first-person future)
dadiildił (first-person future plural)
dííldił (future second-person singular)
doołdił (duoplural future second-person)
dadoołdił (future plural second-person)
yidooldił (duoplural future singular third-person)
deidooldił (future plural third-person)
jidooldił (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
dazhdooldił (fourth-person future plural)

y- (3rd person object prefix) + -∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -l- (classifier) + -deeł (durative imperfective stem of root -DÉÉL, “to eat plural objects”).


ákweʼé

ákweʼé tóháálį́

there, right there (at a closely circumscribed point)


biniinaa

Díí biniinaa dooda nihiłní lą́

on account of it, because of it, because of, for the reason that, since


yéʼiitsoh

/jɛ́ʔìːt͡sʰox/

From yéʼii (“god”) + -tsoh (“big”).
Compare Chiricahua Ghééʼyeń (“the Giant”), from ghééʼye (“giant”).


biyaa

shiyaa (first-person singular)
nihiyaa (duoplural first-person)
niyaa (second-person singular)
nihiyaa (duoplural second-person)
biyaa (third-person)
yiyaa (fourth-person)
hayaa (fourth-person)
ayaa (fourth-person singular)
áyaa (reflexive singular)
ałyaa (duoplural reciprocal)
ahiłyaa (duoplural reciprocal)


doo ákweʼé

Yéʼiitsoh doo ákweʼé naagháagóó shį́į́, Asdzą́ą́ Nádleehé beʼawééʼ yishchį́

When Giant was nowhere nearby, Changing Woman gave birth to her children.


góyaa

gó- (prefix that forms adverbs) + -yaa (stem that means under, below)

tséyiʼ góyaa adzííłneʼ

he threw it (a solid roundish object) into the canyon.


yéʼii

From yééʼ (“fear, terror”) + -ii (nominalizer).


yilghał

yishghał (first-person imperfective singular)
yiilghał (duoplural first-person imperfective)
deiilghał (first-person imperfective plural)
nilghał (imperfective second-person singular)
wołghał (duoplural imperfective second-person)
daałghał (imperfective plural second-person)
yilghał (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
deilghał (imperfective plural third-person)
jilghał (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dajilghał (fourth-person imperfective plural)
yishghal (first-person perfective singular)
yiilghal (duoplural first-person perfective)
deiilghal (first-person perfective plural)
yínílghal (perfective second-person singular)
woołghal (duoplural perfective second-person)
daoołghal (perfective plural second-person)
yoolghal (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
dayoolghal (perfective plural third-person)
joolghal (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dajoolghal (fourth-person perfective plural)
deeshghał (first-person future singular)
diilghał (duoplural first-person future)
dadiilghał (first-person future plural)
díílghał (future second-person singular)
doołghał (duoplural future second-person)
dadoołghał (future plural second-person)
yidoolghał (duoplural future singular third-person)
deidoolghał (future plural third-person)
jidoolghał (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
dazhdoolghał (fourth-person future plural)

y- (3rd person object prefix) + -∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -l- (classifier) + -ghał (durative imperfective stem of root -GHAL, “to eat meat”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ghał</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-GHAL</i>


wónáásdóó

Wónáásdóó, tłʼóóʼgóó chʼínáhiʼnilchééh jiní

Eventually they were running outside, it’s said.


ákótʼéego

Ákótʼéego shį́į́ Yéʼiitsoh áłchíní nabikéeʼgo yíyííłtsą́

This is how Giant saw the children’s footprints.

Ákótʼéego diné asdzáán nishłį́

In this way I am a Navajo woman. (following a standard Navajo introduction with clan relationships)


Hoozdo

From hoozdo (“warm area”), from ho- (indefinite 3rd-person pronoun of area) + sido (“it is hot”).

af

Phoenix (the capital and largest city of Arizona, United States)


nabikééʼ

na- (atelic, circuital) + -b- (3rd person indirect object prefix) + -∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) +
-kééʼ (“tracks”, noun/postposition stem used as a verb stem)


yidlą́

yishdlą́ (first-person imperfective singular)
yiidlą́ (duoplural first-person imperfective)
deiidlą́ (first-person imperfective plural)
nidlą́ (imperfective second-person singular)
wohdlą́ (duoplural imperfective second-person)
daahdlą́ (imperfective plural second-person)
yidlą́ (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
deidlą́ (imperfective plural third-person)
jidlą́ (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dajidlą́ (fourth-person imperfective plural)
yishdlą́ą́ʼ (first-person perfective singular)
yiidlą́ą́ʼ (duoplural first-person perfective)
deiidlą́ą́ʼ (first-person perfective plural)
yínídlą́ą́ʼ (perfective second-person singular)
woohdlą́ą́ʼ (duoplural perfective second-person)
daoohdlą́ą́ʼ (perfective plural second-person)
yoodlą́ą́ʼ (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
dayoodlą́ą́ʼ (perfective plural third-person)
joodlą́ą́ʼ (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dajoodlą́ą́ʼ (fourth-person perfective plural)
deeshdlį́į́ł (first-person future singular)
diidlį́į́ł (duoplural first-person future)
dadiidlį́į́ł (first-person future plural)
díídlį́į́ł (future second-person singular)
doohdlį́į́ł (duoplural future second-person)
dadoohdlį́į́ł (future plural second-person)
yidoodlį́į́ł (duoplural future singular third-person)
deidoodlį́į́ł (future plural third-person)
jidoodlį́į́ł (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
dazhdoodlį́į́ł (fourth-person future plural)

y- (3rd person object prefix) + -∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -d- (classifier) + -dlą́ (durative imperfective stem of root -DLĄ́Ą́ʼ, “to drink”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-dlą́</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-DLĄ́Ą́ʼ</i>


ńchííl

Bíniʼ ńchííl, bíniʼ ńchííl, bíniʼ ńchííl!


áłchíní

shaʼáłchíní (first-person singular)
nihaʼáłchíní (duoplural first-person)
danihaʼáłchíní (first-person plural)
naʼáłchíní (second-person singular)
nihaʼáłchíní (duoplural second-person)
danihaʼáłchíní (plural second-person)
baʼáłchíní (third-person)
yaʼáłchíní (fourth-person)
hwaʼáłchíní (fourth-person)

baʼáłchíní

naʼáłchíní

nihaʼáłchíní

Náníbaaʼ baʼáłchíní dóó Hashké Naabaah baʼáłchíní óltaʼgóó deeskai.
Nanibaa’s children and Hashke Naabaah’s children are going to school.

shaʼáłchíní

(spoken by a male) my family; my wife and kids; (spoken by a female) my children


álaʼ

shílaʼ (first-person singular)
nihílaʼ (duoplural first-person)
danihílaʼ (first-person plural)
nílaʼ (second-person singular)
nihílaʼ (duoplural second-person)
danihílaʼ (plural second-person)
bílaʼ (third-person)
yílaʼ (fourth-person)
hálaʼ (fourth-person)
álaʼ (indefinite)

bílaʼashdlaʼii

human being (literally, “the five-fingered one”)


yiłjįzh

yishjįzh (first-person imperfective singular)
yiiljįzh (duoplural first-person imperfective)
deiiljįzh (first-person imperfective plural)
niłjįzh (imperfective second-person singular)
wołjįzh (duoplural imperfective second-person)
daałjįzh (imperfective plural second-person)
yiłjįzh (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
deiłjįzh (imperfective plural third-person)
jiłjįzh (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dajiłjįzh (fourth-person imperfective plural)
shéłjįzh (first-person perfective singular)
shiiljįzh (duoplural first-person perfective)
dashiiljįzh (first-person perfective plural)
shíníłjįzh (perfective second-person singular)
shoołjįzh (duoplural perfective second-person)
dashoołjįzh (perfective plural second-person)
yishjįzh (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
deishjįzh (perfective plural third-person)
jishjįzh (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dajishjįzh (fourth-person perfective plural)
deeshjįsh (first-person future singular)
diiljįsh (duoplural first-person future)
dadiiljįsh (first-person future plural)
dííłjįsh (future second-person singular)
doołjįsh (duoplural future second-person)
dadoołjįsh (future plural second-person)
yidoołjįsh (duoplural future singular third-person)
deidoołjįsh (future plural third-person)
jidoołjįsh (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
dazhdoołjįsh (fourth-person future plural)

y- (3rd person object prefix) + -∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier, causative) + -jįzh (imperfective stem of root -JĮZH, “to crush”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-jįzh</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-JĮZH</i>

he/she is crushing, crumpling, or flattening it


yiłtʼeʼ

yishtʼeʼ (first-person imperfective singular)
yiiltʼeʼ (duoplural first-person imperfective)
deiiltʼeʼ (first-person imperfective plural)
niłtʼeʼ (imperfective second-person singular)
wołtʼeʼ (duoplural imperfective second-person)
daałtʼeʼ (imperfective plural second-person)
yiłtʼeʼ (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
deiłtʼeʼ (imperfective plural third-person)
jiłtʼeʼ (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dajiłtʼeʼ (fourth-person imperfective plural)
yíłtʼeʼ (first-person perfective singular)
yiiltʼeʼ (duoplural first-person perfective)
dasiiltʼeʼ (first-person perfective plural)
yíníłtʼeʼ (perfective second-person singular)
woołtʼeʼ (duoplural perfective second-person)
dasoołtʼeʼ (perfective plural second-person)
yiyííłtʼeʼ (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
deistʼeʼ (perfective plural third-person)
jííłtʼeʼ (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dajistʼeʼ (fourth-person perfective plural)

y- (3rd person object prefix) + -∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier) + -tʼeʼ (imperfective stem of root -TʼEʼ, “to propel a slender stiff object or an animate object ”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-tʼeʼ</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-TʼEʼ</i>

nv-link-to-root

he/she is throwing it (a stick-like object)

he/she is throwing it (something living or life-like)

he/she is throwing it (a rigid, flat object)


áádóó bikʼijįʼ

head

áádóó bikʼijįʼ

áádóó bikʼijįʼ

thereafter, and after that, and then, and then afterward


yikʼijįʼ

shikʼijįʼ (first-person singular)
nihikʼijįʼ (duoplural first-person)
nikʼijįʼ (second-person singular)
nihikʼijįʼ (duoplural second-person)
bikʼijįʼ (third-person)
yikʼijįʼ (fourth-person)
hakʼijįʼ (fourth-person)
akʼijįʼ (fourth-person singular)
ákʼijįʼ (reflexive singular)
ałkʼijįʼ (duoplural reciprocal)
ahiłkʼijįʼ (duoplural reciprocal)


jooł yitalí

jooł (“ball”) + yital (“it is kicked”) + -í (nominalizer)

Jooł yitalí yee nidaané

Dallas éí Giants yikʼijįʼ nidaanéego jooł yitalí yee nidaanéé ńtʼééʼ

Dallas played football against the Giants.


nihí

first-person duoplural possessive pronoun ours, belonging to us

second-person duoplural pronoun you (two or more)

second-person duoplural possessive pronoun yours, belonging to you (two or more)


binantʼaʼí

binantʼaʼí (possessed form of naatʼáanii)


bikʼaʼ

third-person singular possessive of kʼaaʼ


bitahgi

From bi- (“them”) + -tah (“among”) + -gi (“at”).


bitsʼą́ą́dę́ę́ʼ

bitsʼą́ą́dę́ę́ʼ


bitsiighąąʼ

/pɪ̀t͡sʰìːɣɑ̃̀ːʔ/


anádiz

shinádiz (first-person singular)
nihinádiz (duoplural first-person)
danihinádiz (first-person plural)
ninádiz (second-person singular)
nihinádiz (duoplural second-person)
danihinádiz (plural second-person)
binádiz (third-person)
yinádiz (fourth-person)
hanádiz (fourth-person)
anádiz (indefinite)

From anááʼ (“eye”) + -diz (neuter perfective stem of root -DIZ, “to twist”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-diz</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-DIZ</i>


bighaaʼ

shighaaʼ (first-person singular)
nihighaaʼ (duoplural first-person)
danihighaaʼ (first-person plural)
nighaaʼ (second-person singular)
nihighaaʼ (duoplural second-person)
danihighaaʼ (plural second-person)
bighaaʼ (third-person)
yighaaʼ (fourth-person)
haghaaʼ (fourth-person)
aghaaʼ (indefinite)


bitah

shitah (first-person singular)
nihitah (duoplural first-person)
nitah (second-person singular)
nihitah (duoplural second-person)
bitah (third-person)
yitah (fourth-person)
hatah (fourth-person)
atah (fourth-person singular)
átah (reflexive singular)
ałtah (duoplural reciprocal)
ahiłtah (duoplural reciprocal)


bichʼą́ą́h

shichʼą́ą́h (first-person singular)
nihichʼą́ą́h (duoplural first-person)
nichʼą́ą́h (second-person singular)
nihichʼą́ą́h (duoplural second-person)
bichʼą́ą́h (third-person)
yichʼą́ą́h (fourth-person)
hachʼą́ą́h (fourth-person)
achʼą́ą́h (fourth-person singular)
áchʼą́ą́h (reflexive singular)
ałchʼą́ą́h (duoplural reciprocal)
ahiłchʼą́ą́h (duoplural reciprocal)

in his/her way; in front of it/him/her/them


bitsiiʼ

sitsiiʼ (first-person singular)
nihitsiiʼ (duoplural first-person)
danihitsiiʼ (first-person plural)
nitsiiʼ (second-person singular)
nihitsiiʼ (duoplural second-person)
danihitsiiʼ (plural second-person)
bitsiiʼ (third-person)
yitsiiʼ (fourth-person)
hatsiiʼ (fourth-person)
atsiiʼ (indefinite)

Sitsiiʼ łizhin.


biyáázh

shiyáázh (first-person singular)
nihiyáázh (duoplural first-person)
danihiyáázh (first-person plural)
niyáázh (second-person singular)
nihiyáázh (duoplural second-person)
danihiyáázh (plural second-person)
biyáázh (third-person)
yiyáázh (fourth-person)
hayáázh (fourth-person)
ayáázh (indefinite)

her mother's brother, her paternal uncle

first cousin once removed
first cousin once removed

her father's brother's son's son, her first cousin once removed


bitseeʼ

sitseeʼ (first-person singular)
nihitseeʼ (duoplural first-person)
danihitseeʼ (first-person plural)
nitseeʼ (second-person singular)
nihitseeʼ (duoplural second-person)
danihitseeʼ (plural second-person)
bitseeʼ (third-person)
yitseeʼ (fourth-person)
hatseeʼ (fourth-person)
atseeʼ (indefinite)


chidí naaʼnaʼí

chidí (“car”) + naaʼnaʼ (“it crawls about”) + -í (“nominalizer”)


chʼį́įdii

From the root -CHʼĮ́ĮDII (“to be evil, nasty”). Cognate found in Hupa chʼind (“corpse, dead thing”).


yiłtsʼééh

yistsʼééh (first-person imperfective singular)
yiiltsʼééh (duoplural first-person imperfective)
deiiltsʼééh (first-person imperfective plural)
niłtsʼééh (imperfective second-person singular)
wołtsʼééh (duoplural imperfective second-person)
daałtsʼééh (imperfective plural second-person)
yiłtsʼééh (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
deiłtsʼééh (imperfective plural third-person)
jiłtsʼééh (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dajiłtsʼééh (fourth-person imperfective plural)
yíłtsʼeeʼ (first-person perfective singular)
yiiltsʼeeʼ (duoplural first-person perfective)
deiiltsʼeeʼ (first-person perfective plural)
yíníłtsʼeeʼ (perfective second-person singular)
woołtsʼeeʼ (duoplural perfective second-person)
daoołtsʼeeʼ (perfective plural second-person)
yiyííłtsʼeeʼ (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
dayííłtsʼeeʼ (perfective plural third-person)
jííłtsʼeeʼ (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dajííłtsʼeeʼ (fourth-person perfective plural)

y- (3rd person object prefix) + -∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier) + -tsʼééh (durative imperfective stem of root -TSʼEEʼ, “to eat a mushy object”).

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-tsʼééh</i>

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-TSʼEEʼ</i>


daʼahijoogą́ą́ʼ

fourth-person plural perfective form of ahigą́, “they are fighting each other”: there was war; they fought each other

ahigą́

naaki góneʼ yéigo daʼahijoogą́ą́ʼ: World War Two


dabikááʼ

da- (“plural marker”) + bikááʼ (“on it”)


daʼałchozhígíí

da- (“plural marker”) + ałchozh (“he grazes”) + -ígíí (“nominalizer”)


dahólónígíí

da- (“plural marker”) + hólǫ́ (“there is”) + -ígíí (“nominalizer”)


dibé bighaaʼ

dibé (“sheep”) + bi- (“its”) + aghaaʼ (“wool”)


dláád

Bááh dláád silį́į́ʼ.


ahigą́

ahishgą́ (first-person imperfective singular)
ahiigą́ (duoplural first-person imperfective)
daʼahiigą́ (first-person imperfective plural)
ahígą́ (imperfective second-person singular)
ahohgą́ (duoplural imperfective second-person)
daʼahohgą́ (imperfective plural second-person)
ahigą́ (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
daʼahigą́ (imperfective plural third-person)
ahijigą́ (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
daʼahijigą́ (fourth-person imperfective plural)
aheeshgą́ą́ʼ (first-person perfective singular)
ahiigą́ą́ʼ (duoplural first-person perfective)
daʼahiigą́ą́ʼ (first-person perfective plural)
ahíínígą́ą́ʼ (perfective second-person singular)
ahoohgą́ą́ʼ (duoplural perfective second-person)
daʼahoohgą́ą́ʼ (perfective plural second-person)
ahoogą́ą́ʼ (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
daʼahoogą́ą́ʼ (perfective plural third-person)
ahijoogą́ą́ʼ (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
daʼahijoogą́ą́ʼ (fourth-person perfective plural)

ʼah- (reciprocal) + -∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -d- (classifier, reciprocal) + -ghą́ (imperfective stem of root -GHĄ́Ą́ʼ, “to kill 2+ objects”)

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ghą́</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-GHĄ́Ą́ʼ</i>

bił ahishgą́

we’re fighting each other (literally, I am fighting each other with him)

they are combating each other, fighting each other, killing each other


díkʼǫ́ǫ́zh

di- (“sensory”) + -◌́- (ni-modal 3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -kʼǫ́ǫ́zh (neuter perfective stem of root -KʼǪSH, “to be sour, spoiled”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-kʼǫ́ǫ́zh</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-KʼǪSH</i>


dildǫʼ

di- (adjectival) + -∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -l- (classifier) + -dǫʼ (neuter imperfective stem of root -DON, “to explode”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-dǫʼ</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-DON</i>


dildǫʼ

tinkling (as the sound of a thin sheet of tin)


diniih

dinishniih (first-person imperfective singular)
diniiʼniih (duoplural first-person imperfective)
dadiniiʼniih (first-person imperfective plural)
diníniih (imperfective second-person singular)
dinohniih (duoplural imperfective second-person)
dadinohniih (imperfective plural second-person)
diniih (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
dadiniih (imperfective plural third-person)
jidiniih (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dazhdiniih (fourth-person imperfective plural)
adiniih (indefinite-person)
hodiniih (spatial-person)

di- (“sensory”) + -∅- (ni-modal 3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -niih (neuter imperfective stem of root -NIIʼ, “to hurt”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-niih</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-NIIʼ</i>

Shílaʼ diniih.


diniih

Nominalized form of the above diniih (“it hurts”).


diłhił

dinishhił (first-person imperfective singular)
diniilyił (duoplural first-person imperfective)
dadiniilyił (first-person imperfective plural)
diníłhił (imperfective second-person singular)
dinołhił (duoplural imperfective second-person)
dadinołhił (imperfective plural second-person)
diłhił (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
dadiłhił (imperfective plural third-person)
jidiłhił (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dazhdiłhił (fourth-person imperfective plural)
hodiłhił (spatial-person)

di- (“color”) + -∅- (ni-modal 3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier) + -yił (neuter imperfective stem of root -YÉÉL, “to be dark”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-yił</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-YÉÉL</i>


diłhił

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-YIL</i>


disxǫs

di- (thematic) + -∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -sǫs (neuter imperfective stem of root -SǪS, “to glitter, sparkle”), with emphatic infix -x-

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-sǫs</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-SǪS</i>


dinilchííʼ

dinishchííʼ (first-person imperfective singular)
diniilchííʼ (duoplural first-person imperfective)
dadiniilchííʼ (first-person imperfective plural)
dinílchííʼ (imperfective second-person singular)
dinołchííʼ (duoplural imperfective second-person)
dadinołchííʼ (imperfective plural second-person)
dinilchííʼ (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
dadinilchííʼ (imperfective plural third-person)
dizhnilchííʼ (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dazhdinilchííʼ (fourth-person imperfective plural)

dini- (“approximate color”) + -∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -l- (classifier) + -chííʼ (neuter imperfective stem of root -CHIIʼ, “to be red”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-chííʼ</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-CHIIʼ</i>


dijool

dinishjool (first-person imperfective singular)
diniijool (duoplural first-person imperfective)
dadiniijool (first-person imperfective plural)
diníjool (imperfective second-person singular)
dinohjool (duoplural imperfective second-person)
dadinohjool (imperfective plural second-person)
dijool (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
dadijool (imperfective plural third-person)
jidijool (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dazhdijool (fourth-person imperfective plural)

di- (adjectival) + -∅- (ni-modal 3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -jool (neuter imperfective stem of root -JOOL, “to be spherical”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-jool</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-JOOL</i>


dinééh

dishnééh (first-person imperfective singular)
diiʼnééh (duoplural first-person imperfective)
dadiiʼnééh (first-person imperfective plural)
dínééh (imperfective second-person singular)
dohnééh (duoplural imperfective second-person)
dadohnééh (imperfective plural second-person)
dinééh (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
dadinééh (imperfective plural third-person)
jidinééh (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dazhdinééh (fourth-person imperfective plural)
déná (first-person perfective singular)
deeʼná (duoplural first-person perfective)
dadeeʼná (first-person perfective plural)
díníná (perfective second-person singular)
disooná (duoplural perfective second-person)
dadisooná (perfective plural second-person)
deezná (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
dadeezná (perfective plural third-person)
jideezná (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dazhdeezná (fourth-person perfective plural)
dideeshnééł (first-person future singular)
didiiʼnééł (duoplural first-person future)
dadidiiʼnééł (first-person future plural)
didíínééł (future second-person singular)
didoohnééł (duoplural future second-person)
dadidoohnééł (future plural second-person)
didoonééł (duoplural future singular third-person)
dadidoonééł (future plural third-person)
dizhdoonééł (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
dazhdidoonééł (fourth-person future plural)

di- (inceptive) + -∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -nééh (imperfective stem of root -NÁ, “to migrate”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-nééh</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-NÁ</i>

he/she starts to move (his/her household or residence) along


naaltsoos biniiʼ

naaltsoos (“book”) + bi- (“its”) + aniiʼ (“face”)


aniiʼ

shiniiʼ (first-person singular)
nihiniiʼ (duoplural first-person)
danihiniiʼ (first-person plural)
niniiʼ (second-person singular)
nihiniiʼ (duoplural second-person)
danihiniiʼ (plural second-person)
biniiʼ (third-person)
yiniiʼ (fourth-person)
haniiʼ (fourth-person)
aniiʼ (indefinite)

niniiʼ táánígis


yigháázh

yishháázh (first-person imperfective singular)
yiigáázh (duoplural first-person imperfective)
deiigáázh (first-person imperfective plural)
nigháázh (imperfective second-person singular)
wohháázh (duoplural imperfective second-person)
daahháázh (imperfective plural second-person)
yigháázh (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
deigháázh (imperfective plural third-person)
jigháázh (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dajigháázh (fourth-person imperfective plural)
yígháázh (first-person perfective singular)
yiigáázh (duoplural first-person perfective)
deiigáázh (first-person perfective plural)
yínígháázh (perfective second-person singular)
woogháázh (duoplural perfective second-person)
daoogháázh (perfective plural second-person)
yiyíígháázh (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
dayíígháázh (perfective plural third-person)
jíígháázh (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dajíígháázh (fourth-person perfective plural)

y- (3rd person object prefix) + -∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -gháázh (repetitive imperfective stem of root -GHÁÁZH, “to gnaw”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-gháázh</i>

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-GHÁÁZH</i>


bikáaʼdi

on it, upon it, at a place on its surface, at a place above it


naʼníʼá

Chidí deiyíjeehígíí bikáaʼdi haʼnaa naʼníʼá

Áko díí haʼnaa naʼníʼáhígíí bikáaʼdi diné nehekááh


hólónígíí

hólǫ́ (“it exists”) + -ígíí (“nominalizer”)


hátsʼíhyaa

kerchoo, atchoo (sound of someone sneezing)


hózhóní

Derived as hózhǫ́ + -í (nominalizing suffix); resulting noun later repurposed as a verb.

spatial form of nizhóní:
a space or area is pretty, beautiful

a space or area is clean, good, nice, fine, neat


Hwéeldi

(by extension) the Long Walk of the Navajo


hazhóóʼógo

hazhóóʼógo yááłtiʼ


hodéezyéél

ho- (“space, area, things”) + -di- (“oral”) + -ni- (adjectival) + -si- (modal) + -∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -yéél (neuter stem of root -YÉÉL, “to be calm”).
For the high tone on the prefix compound, see also díní-.

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-yéél</i>

the place is quiet, noiseless, there is silence


jádítsoh

/t͡ʃɑ́.tɪ́.t͡sʰòx/


Kéyah Dańlíinii

Philippines (a country in Southeast Asia)

Kéyah Dańlíinii bikáaʼgi kéédahatʼínígíí bizaad


alizh

ashłizh (first-person imperfective singular)
iidlizh (duoplural first-person imperfective)
daʼiidlizh (first-person imperfective plural)
ílizh (imperfective second-person singular)
ohłizh (duoplural imperfective second-person)
daʼohłizh (imperfective plural second-person)
alizh (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
daʼalizh (imperfective plural third-person)
ajilizh (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
daʼjilizh (fourth-person imperfective plural)
ashélizh (first-person perfective singular)
ashiidlizh (duoplural first-person perfective)
daʼshiidlizh (first-person perfective plural)
ashínílizh (perfective second-person singular)
ashoolizh (duoplural perfective second-person)
daʼshoolizh (perfective plural second-person)
azhlizh (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
daʼazhlizh (perfective plural third-person)
ajizhlizh (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
daʼjizhlizh (fourth-person perfective plural)

ʼa- (unspecified person object prefix) + -∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -lizh (imperfective stem of root -LIZH, “to urinate”)

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-lizh</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-LIZH</i>


akézhoozh

shikézhoozh (first-person singular)
nihikézhoozh (duoplural first-person)
danihikézhoozh (first-person plural)
nikézhoozh (second-person singular)
nihikézhoozh (duoplural second-person)
danihikézhoozh (plural second-person)
bikézhoozh (third-person)
yikézhoozh (fourth-person)
hakézhoozh (fourth-person)
akézhoozh (indefinite)

a- (3rd-person indefinite possessive pronoun) + ké (“foot”) + álázhoozh (“finger”)

(anatomy) toe, metatarsals and phalanges of the foot


iiʼniʼ

From bíʼooʼnih (“to strike it”, said of lightning).

thunder and lightning
thunder and lightning


kʼaaʼ

bikʼaʼ (possessed-form)
shikʼaʼ (first-person singular)
nihikʼaʼ (duoplural first-person)
danihikʼaʼ (first-person plural)
nikʼaʼ (second-person singular)
nihikʼaʼ (duoplural second-person)
danihikʼaʼ (plural second-person)
bikʼaʼ (third-person)
yikʼaʼ (fourth-person)
hakʼaʼ (fourth-person)
akʼaʼ (indefinite)

From Proto-Athabaskan *-q’aʔ, cognates include Western Apache kʼaaʼ and Chipewyan k’á.


yigháʼdíłdlaad

bighádiʼnishdlaad (first-person imperfective singular)
bighádiʼniildlaad (duoplural first-person imperfective)
bighádadiʼniildlaad (first-person imperfective plural)
bighádiʼníłdlaad (imperfective second-person singular)
bighádiʼnołdlaad (duoplural imperfective second-person)
bighádadiʼnołdlaad (imperfective plural second-person)
yigháʼdíłdlaad (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
yighádaʼdiłdlaad (imperfective plural third-person)
bigházhʼdíłdlaad (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
bighádazhʼdiłdlaad (fourth-person imperfective plural)
bighádiʼníłdláád (first-person perfective singular)
bighádiʼniildláád (duoplural first-person perfective)
bighádadiʼniildláád (first-person perfective plural)
bighádííʼníłdláád (perfective second-person singular)
bighádiʼnoołdláád (duoplural perfective second-person)
bighádadiʼnoołdláád (perfective plural second-person)
yighádiʼníłdláád (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
yighádaʼdeesdláád (perfective plural third-person)
bighádizhʼníłdláád (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
bighádazhʼdeesdláád (fourth-person perfective plural)

b- (3rd person indirect object prefix) + -ghá- (“through”) + -ʼa- (unspecified person object prefix) + -di- (“fire”) + -◌́- (ni-modal 3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier, causative) + -dlaad (imperfective stem of root -DLÁÁD, “to rip”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-dlaad</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-DLÁÁD</i>


hakʼéí

hakʼéíyóó (plural)
shikʼéí (first-person singular)
nihikʼéí (duoplural first-person)
danihikʼéí (first-person plural)
nikʼéí (second-person singular)
nihikʼéí (duoplural second-person)
danihikʼéí (plural second-person)
bikʼéí (third-person)
yikʼéí (fourth-person)
hakʼéí (fourth-person)
akʼéí (indefinite)

ha- (indefinite deictic 3rd-person possessive pronoun, one's) + kʼé (“peace, friendship”) + -í (nominalizer)

one’s kin, kinsman, kinfolk, relatives (by blood or by the maternal or paternal clan lines)


ayóóʼánííníshʼní

head

ayóóʼánííníshʼní

ayóo (“very”) + á- (“thus”) + ni- (2nd-person object prefix) + yíní- (“directed at”) + sh- (1st-person subject prefix) + -d- (classifier) + -ní (neuter imperfective stem of -NIID (“to feel, want, desire, love”)

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ní</i>


yitʼį́

yishtʼį́ (first-person perfective singular)
yiitʼį́ (duoplural first-person perfective)
deiitʼį́ (first-person perfective plural)
yínítʼį́ (perfective second-person singular)
wohtʼį́ (duoplural perfective second-person)
daahtʼį́ (perfective plural second-person)
yitʼį́ (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
daatʼį́ (perfective plural third-person)
jootʼį́ (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dajootʼį́ (fourth-person perfective plural)

y- (peg element) + -∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -d- (classifier, mediopassive) + -ʼį́ (neuter perfective stem of root -ʼĮ́Į́ʼ, “to look”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ʼį́</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ʼĮ́Į́ʼ</i>


yitʼį́

yishtʼį́ (first-person imperfective singular)
yiitʼį́ (duoplural first-person imperfective)
deiitʼį́ (first-person imperfective plural)
nitʼį́ (imperfective second-person singular)
wohtʼį́ (duoplural imperfective second-person)
daahtʼį́ (imperfective plural second-person)
yitʼį́ (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
daatʼį́ (imperfective plural third-person)
jitʼį́ (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dajitʼį́ (fourth-person imperfective plural)
yítʼįįd (first-person perfective singular)
yiitʼįįd (duoplural first-person perfective)
deiitʼįįd (first-person perfective plural)
yínítʼįįd (perfective second-person singular)
wootʼįįd (duoplural perfective second-person)
daootʼįįd (perfective plural second-person)
yítʼįįd (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
dáátʼįįd (perfective plural third-person)
jíítʼįįd (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dajíítʼįįd (fourth-person perfective plural)

y- (peg element) + -∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -d- (classifier) + -ʼį́ (durative imperfective stem of root -ʼĮĮD, “to make”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ʼĮĮD</i>

he/she/it is faring, getting along, is doing (good or bad), is involved in


yitʼį́

yishtʼį́ (first-person imperfective singular)
yiitʼį́ (duoplural first-person imperfective)
deiitʼį́ (first-person imperfective plural)
nitʼį́ (imperfective second-person singular)
wohtʼį́ (duoplural imperfective second-person)
daahtʼį́ (imperfective plural second-person)
yitʼį́ (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
deitʼį́ (imperfective plural third-person)
jitʼį́ (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dajitʼį́ (fourth-person imperfective plural)

y- (3rd person object prefix) + -∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -d- (classifier, thematic) + -ʼį́ (neuter perfective stem of root -ʼĮĮD, “to be wealthy”).


yiʼáád

yishʼáád (first-person imperfective singular)
yiitʼáád (duoplural first-person imperfective)
deiitʼáád (first-person imperfective plural)
niʼáád (imperfective second-person singular)
wohʼáád (duoplural imperfective second-person)
daahʼáád (imperfective plural second-person)
yiʼáád (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
deiʼáád (imperfective plural third-person)
jiʼáád (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dajiʼáád (fourth-person imperfective plural)
yíʼah (first-person perfective singular)
yiitʼah (duoplural first-person perfective)
dasiitʼah (first-person perfective plural)
yíníʼah (perfective second-person singular)
wooʼah (duoplural perfective second-person)
dasooʼah (perfective plural second-person)
yiyííʼah (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
deizʼah (perfective plural third-person)
jííʼah (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dajizʼah (fourth-person perfective plural)
deeshʼał (first-person future singular)
diitʼał (duoplural first-person future)
dadiitʼał (first-person future plural)
dííʼał (future second-person singular)
doohʼał (duoplural future second-person)
dadoohʼał (future plural second-person)
yidooʼał (duoplural future singular third-person)
deidooʼał (future plural third-person)
jidooʼał (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
dazhdooʼał (fourth-person future plural)

y- (3rd person object prefix) + -∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -ʼáád (imperfective stem of root -ʼAH, “to propel a flat flexible object”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ʼáád</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ʼAH</i>

nv-link-to-root

he/she is throwing it (a flat flexible object as a blanket, paper)


yiłjooł

yishjooł (first-person imperfective singular)
yiiljooł (duoplural first-person imperfective)
deiiljooł (first-person imperfective plural)
niłjooł (imperfective second-person singular)
wołjooł (duoplural imperfective second-person)
daałjooł (imperfective plural second-person)
yiłjooł (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
deiłjooł (imperfective plural third-person)
jiłjooł (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dajiłjooł (fourth-person imperfective plural)
yíłjool (first-person perfective singular)
yiiljool (duoplural first-person perfective)
dashiiljool (first-person perfective plural)
yíníłjool (perfective second-person singular)
woołjool (duoplural perfective second-person)
dashoołjool (perfective plural second-person)
yiyííłjool (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
deishjool (perfective plural third-person)
jííłjool (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dajishjool (fourth-person perfective plural)

y- (3rd person object prefix) + -∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier, causative) + -jooł (imperfective stem of root -JOOL, “non-compact matter moves”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-jooł</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-JOOL</i>

he/she is moving it, handling it (some non-compact material)

he/she is throwing it (some non-compact material)


łeeshchʼih

From łeezh (“ground, dust”) + yichʼih (“a breeze is moving along”).


łééchąąłgaii

head

łééchąąłgaii

łééchąąʼí (“dog”) + łigai (“white”) + -ii (“nominalizer”)


łeeʼshibéézh

łeeʼ (“in the ground”) + shibéézh (“it is cooked”)

chicos (the kernels of an ear of corn that has been roasted and dried, then the kernels removed and stored until cooking time)


yinishyé

Kii yinishyé

Shí éí Kii yinishyé


tłʼóoʼdi

[t͡ɬʼóːʔtɪ̀]


tooh nílíní

tooh (“lake, river”) + nílį́ (“it flows”) + -í (nominalizer)


tsídídééh

Colorado four o'clock (Mirabilis multiflora)


tó łikaní

tó (“water”) + łikan (“it is tasty, it is sweet”) + í (nominalizing suffix)


tsédédééh

Colorado four o'clock, Mirabilis multiflora


taʼneeskʼání áłtsʼóózígíí

taʼneeskʼání áłtsʼóózígíí

taʼneeskʼání áłtsʼóózígíí

taʼneeskʼání (“melon”) + áłtsʼóózí (“it is slender”) + -ígíí (“nominalizer”)


táłkááʼ naalzheehí

táłkááʼ (“on the water”) + naalzheeh (“it hunts”) + -í (nominalizer)


tó łichxíʼí

tó (“water”) + łichxííʼ (“to be orange, to be reddish orange”) + í (nominalizing suffix)


ákótʼé

ákóníshtʼé (first-person imperfective singular)
ákóniitʼé (duoplural first-person imperfective)
ákódaniitʼé (first-person imperfective plural)
ákónítʼé (imperfective second-person singular)
ákónóhtʼé (duoplural imperfective second-person)
ákódanohtʼé (imperfective plural second-person)
ákótʼé (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
ákódaatʼé (imperfective plural third-person)
ákójítʼé (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
ákódajítʼé (fourth-person imperfective plural)

/ʔɑ́kʰótʼɛ́/

ʼá- (“thus”) + -kó- (“thus”) + -∅- (ni-modal 3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -tʼé (neuter imperfective stem of root -TʼEʼ, “to be”)

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-tʼé</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-TʼEʼ</i>

doo bił ákótʼée da


tsin ííʼáii

tsin (“wood”) + ííʼá (“it sticks up”) + -ii (“nominalizer”)


táłkááʼ dilwoʼí

head

táłkááʼ dilwoʼí (plural táłkááʼ dadilwoʼí)

táłkááʼ (“on the surface of the water”) + dilwoʼ (“he is a fast runner”) + -í (nominalizer)


áłtsé góneʼ yéigo daʼahijoogą́ą́ʼ

áłtsé (“first”) + góneʼ (ordinal marker) + yéigo (“seriously”) + daʼahijoogą́ą́ʼ (“there was war”), from daʼahijigą́ (“they kill one another”)


yiyiitsʼǫs

yiistsʼǫs (first-person imperfective singular)
yiitsʼǫs (duoplural first-person imperfective)
deiitsʼǫs (first-person imperfective plural)
yiitsʼǫs (imperfective second-person singular)
woohtsʼǫs (duoplural imperfective second-person)
daoohtsʼǫs (imperfective plural second-person)
yiyiitsʼǫs (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
dayiitsʼǫs (imperfective plural third-person)
jiitsʼǫs (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dajiitsʼǫs (fourth-person imperfective plural)
sétsʼǫs (first-person perfective singular)
siitsʼǫs (duoplural first-person perfective)
dasiitsʼǫs (first-person perfective plural)
sínítsʼǫs (perfective second-person singular)
sootsʼǫs (duoplural perfective second-person)
dasootsʼǫs (perfective plural second-person)
yiztsʼǫs (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
deiztsʼǫs (perfective plural third-person)
jiztsʼǫs (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dajiztsʼǫs (fourth-person perfective plural)
deestsʼǫs (first-person future singular)
diitsʼǫs (duoplural first-person future)
dadiitsʼǫs (first-person future plural)
díítsʼǫs (future second-person singular)
doohtsʼǫs (duoplural future second-person)
dadoohtsʼǫs (future plural second-person)
yidootsʼǫs (duoplural future singular third-person)
deidootsʼǫs (future plural third-person)
jidootsʼǫs (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
dazhdootsʼǫs (fourth-person future plural)

y- (3rd person object prefix) + -yi- (semelfactive) + -∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -tsʼǫs (semelfactive imperfective stem of root -TSʼǪ́Ǫ́Z, “to kiss”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-tsʼǫs</i>

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-TSʼǪ́Ǫ́Z</i>

he/she is kissing him/her/it once, is giving him/her/it a kiss


ałhosh

ashxosh (first-person imperfective singular)
iilwosh (duoplural first-person imperfective)
daʼiilwosh (first-person imperfective plural)
íłhosh (imperfective second-person singular)
ołhosh (duoplural imperfective second-person)
daʼołhosh (imperfective plural second-person)
ałhosh (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
daʼałhosh (imperfective plural third-person)
ajiłhosh (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
daʼjiłhosh (fourth-person imperfective plural)
iiłhaazh (first-person perfective singular)
iilghaazh (duoplural first-person perfective)
daʼiilghaazh (first-person perfective plural)
iiniłhaazh (perfective second-person singular)
oołhaazh (duoplural perfective second-person)
daʼoołhaazh (perfective plural second-person)
iiłhaazh (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
daʼiiłhaazh (perfective plural third-person)
ajiiłhaazh (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
daʼjiiłhaazh (fourth-person perfective plural)
iideeshxosh (first-person future singular)
iidiilwosh (duoplural first-person future)
daʼiidiilwosh (first-person future plural)
iidííłhosh (future second-person singular)
iidoołhosh (duoplural future second-person)
daʼiidoołhosh (future plural second-person)
iidoołhosh (duoplural future singular third-person)
daʼiidoołhosh (future plural third-person)
iizhdoołhosh (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
daʼiizhdoołhosh (fourth-person future plural)

ʼa- (unspecified person object prefix) + -∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier) + -wosh (imperfective stem of root -GHAAZH, “to sleep”)

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-wosh</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-GHAAZH</i>

Shą́ąhanii íłhosh nisin ńtʼééʼ.


wolyé

yinishyé (first-person imperfective singular)
yiniilyé (duoplural first-person imperfective)
deiniilyé (first-person imperfective plural)
yinílyé (imperfective second-person singular)
yinołyé (duoplural imperfective second-person)
deinołyé (imperfective plural second-person)
wolyé (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
yoolyé (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
daolyé (imperfective plural third-person)
joolyé (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dajoolyé (fourth-person imperfective plural)
oolyé (indefinite-person)
hoolyé (spatial-person)
yisisyeʼ (first-person perfective singular)
yisiilyeʼ (duoplural first-person perfective)
deisiilyeʼ (first-person perfective plural)
yisínílyeʼ (perfective second-person singular)
yisoołyeʼ (duoplural perfective second-person)
deisoołyeʼ (perfective plural second-person)
woosyeʼ (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
daoosyeʼ (perfective plural third-person)
joosyeʼ (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dajoosyeʼ (fourth-person perfective plural)
oosyeʼ (indefinite-person)
hoosyeʼ (spatial-person)

w- (peg element) + -oo- (meaning unclear, combining form of yini- in the 3rd person) + -l- (classifier) + -yé (imperfective stem of root -YEʼ, “to be called”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-yé</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-YEʼ</i>

haash yinílyé?

Cháalatsoh bimá éí Asdzą́ą́łchííʼ wolyé

Big Charlie’s mother’s name is Red Woman.

Kii wolyé

Dáághahii dóó Bilagáana kʼehjígo Canada wolyé

In French and in English, it is called Canada.


łéʼéyázhí

shiléʼéyázhí (first-person singular)
nihiléʼéyázhí (duoplural first-person)
danihiléʼéyázhí (first-person plural)
niléʼéyázhí (second-person singular)
nihiléʼéyázhí (duoplural second-person)
danihiléʼéyázhí (plural second-person)
biléʼéyázhí (third-person)
yiléʼéyázhí (fourth-person)
haléʼéyázhí (fourth-person)
aléʼéyázhí (indefinite)

Combining form of łį́į́ʼ (“horse”), + yáázh (“little”) + -í (nominalizer)


niteel

nishteel (first-person imperfective singular)
niiteel (duoplural first-person imperfective)
daniiteel (first-person imperfective plural)
níteel (imperfective second-person singular)
nohteel (duoplural imperfective second-person)
danohteel (imperfective plural second-person)
niteel (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
daniteel (imperfective plural third-person)
jíteel (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dajíteel (fourth-person imperfective plural)
íteel (indefinite-person)
hóteel (spatial-person)

ni- (modal) + -∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier)
+ -teel (neuter imperfective stem of
root -TEEL, “to be wide”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-teel</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-TEEL</i>

Nishteel.

Hóteel.

The area is flat, broad, expansive (like plains).

Bichʼah nteel.


iiłháásh

iishxáásh (first-person imperfective singular)
iilgháásh (duoplural first-person imperfective)
daʼiilgháásh (first-person imperfective plural)
iiłháásh (imperfective second-person singular)
oołháásh (duoplural imperfective second-person)
daʼoołháásh (imperfective plural second-person)
iiłháásh (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
daʼiiłháásh (imperfective plural third-person)
ajiiłháásh (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
daʼjiiłháásh (fourth-person imperfective plural)
iiłhaazh (first-person perfective singular)
iilghaazh (duoplural first-person perfective)
daʼiilghaazh (first-person perfective plural)
iiniłhaazh (perfective second-person singular)
oołhaazh (duoplural perfective second-person)
daʼoołhaazh (perfective plural second-person)
iiłhaazh (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
daʼiiłhaazh (perfective plural third-person)
ajiiłhaazh (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
daʼjiiłhaazh (fourth-person perfective plural)
iideeshxosh (first-person future singular)
iidiilwosh (duoplural first-person future)
daʼiidiilwosh (first-person future plural)
iidííłhosh (future second-person singular)
iidoołhosh (duoplural future second-person)
daʼiidoołhosh (future plural second-person)
iidoołhosh (duoplural future singular third-person)
daʼiidoołhosh (future plural third-person)
iizhdoołhosh (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
daʼiizhdoołhosh (fourth-person future plural)

ʼa- (unspecified person object prefix) + -yi- (transitional) + -∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier) + -gháásh (imperfective stem of root -GHAAZH, “to sleep”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-gháásh</i>

he/she is going to bed, is going to sleep

Second-person singular imperfective form of iiłháásh


áłtsʼózí

ánístsʼózí (first-person imperfective singular)
ániiltsʼózí (duoplural first-person imperfective)
ádaniiltsʼózí (first-person imperfective plural)
áníłtsʼózí (imperfective second-person singular)
ánółtsʼózí (duoplural imperfective second-person)
ádanołtsʼózí (imperfective plural second-person)
áłtsʼózí (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
ádaałtsʼózí (imperfective plural third-person)
ájíłtsʼózí (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
ádajíłtsʼózí (fourth-person imperfective plural)
áhoołtsʼózí (spatial-person)