akétsoh

sikétsoh (first-person singular)
nihikétsoh (duoplural first-person)
danihikétsoh (first-person plural)
nikétsoh (second-person singular)
nihikétsoh (duoplural second-person)
danihikétsoh (plural second-person)
bikétsoh (third-person)
yikétsoh (fourth-person)
hakétsoh (fourth-person)
akétsoh (indefinite)


ayidítsįʼ

Compound of ayid (“chest”) + atsįʼ (“flesh”).

flesh of the chest (referring to the meat of some animals)


ayidtsʼin

siyidtsʼin (first-person singular)
nihiyidtsʼin (duoplural first-person)
danihiyidtsʼin (first-person plural)
niyidtsʼin (second-person singular)
nihiyidtsʼin (duoplural second-person)
danihiyidtsʼin (plural second-person)
biyidtsʼin (third-person)
yiyidtsʼin (fourth-person)
hayidtsʼin (fourth-person)
ayidtsʼin (indefinite)

Compound of ayid (“chest”) + atsʼin (“bone”).


-TSʼĮĮD

From Proto-Athabaskan *də·tsʼən (“to be bony, hard”). Navajo atsʼin (“bone”) originates from this root.

inh

to be bony, be hard, be mature, be expert


bééshtłʼééł

Compound of béésh (“metal”) + tłʼééł (“igniter”).


kétłʼááh

Compound of ké (“foot”) + atłʼááh (“underside”).


nanidééh

nanidééh (imperfective singular third-person)
naníídeeʼ (perfective singular third-person)
ndínóodah (future singular third-person)

na- (“downward”) + -ni- (thematic) + -∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -dééh (imperfective stem of root -DEEʼ, “to move through air”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-dééh</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-DEEʼ</i>

it falls down (as snowflakes or meteors)


achʼííʼ yázhí

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achʼííʼ yázhí

Compound of achʼííʼ (“sausage”) + yázhí (“small”).


-CHʼÍÍʼ

From Proto-Athabaskan *tšʼikʸʼ (“be peppery, hot”).

inh

to burn, inflame, irritate, be peppery, be hot, be bitter


naʼídíłkidii

From naʼídíłkid (“s/he asks questions”, from -KEED, “to beg, ask”) + -ii (nominalizer).


-TSIZ

Possibly from two different stems, later confused, mainly Proto-Athabaskan *tsəz (“to become extinguished”) and Proto-Athabaskan *tsa̓z (“to be apprehensive, fearful”).
Compare also -TSEED (“sink, soak”), which may be cognate with this root.


atsólátah

sitsólátah (first-person singular)
nihitsólátah (duoplural first-person)
danihitsólátah (first-person plural)
nitsólátah (second-person singular)
nihitsólátah (duoplural second-person)
danihitsólátah (plural second-person)
bitsólátah (third-person)
yitsólátah (fourth-person)
hatsólátah (fourth-person)
atsólátah (indefinite)

Compound of atsooʼ (“tongue”) + álátah (“tip, end”).


níłchʼi díílidígíí

From níłchʼi (“air”) + díílid (“it has burned”, from -LID, “to burn”) + -ígíí (nominalizer). Literally, the air that has burned.


adiłidí

From adiłid (“it burns things”, from -LID, “to burn”) + -í (nominalizer). Literally, the one which burns things.


didlid

di- (“fire”) + -∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -d- (classifier, passive) + -lid (durative imperfective stem of root -LID, “to burn”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-lid</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-LID</i>

simple passive imperfective of dilid: he/she/it is burned


-LID

From Proto-Athabaskan *ləd (“to burn, smoke”). Compare Navajo łid (“smoke”).


dilid

dilid (imperfective singular third-person)
díílid (perfective singular third-person)

di- (“fire”) + -∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -lid (durative imperfective stem of root -LID, “to burn”).


chʼéhááh

chʼéhááh (imperfective singular third-person)
chʼééhai (perfective singular third-person)
chʼídoohah (future singular third-person)

chʼí- (“out horizontally”) + -∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -hááh (momentaneous imperfective stem of root -HAI, “a winter passes”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-hááh</i>

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-HAI</i>


adzástsooʼ

Compound of ajáád (“leg”) + -s- (ligature) + atsooʼ (“tongue”).


adástsooʼ

Compound of adááʼ (“lip, mouth”) + -s- (ligature) + atsooʼ (“tongue”).


ałtį́į́tłʼóól

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ałtį́į́tłʼóól

sheʼałtį́į́tłʼóól (first-person singular)
niheʼałtį́į́tłʼóól (duoplural first-person)
daniheʼałtį́į́tłʼóól (first-person plural)
neʼałtį́į́tłʼóól (second-person singular)
niheʼałtį́į́tłʼóól (duoplural second-person)
daniheʼałtį́į́tłʼóól (plural second-person)
beʼałtį́į́tłʼóól (third-person)
yeʼałtį́į́tłʼóól (fourth-person)
hweʼałtį́į́tłʼóól (fourth-person)
ałtį́į́tłʼóól (indefinite)

Compound of ałtį́į́ʼ (“bow”) + tłʼóół (“string, cord”).


dichił

di- (thematic) + -∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -chił (neuter imperfective stem of root -CHIŁ, “to glisten”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-chił</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-CHIŁ</i>

it glistens, glitters (as a seashell in the sunlight, a pearl or a jewel)


basdéél

From Spanish pastel (“cake, pie”), a diminutive form of Latin pasta.


tsisteeł bitsʼaʼ

From tsisteeł (“turtle, tortoise”) + bitsʼaʼ (“its shell”).


neiyeeł

neishheeł (first-person imperfective singular)
neiigeeł (duoplural first-person imperfective)
nideiigeeł (first-person imperfective plural)
neíyeeł (imperfective second-person singular)
naohheeł (duoplural imperfective second-person)
nidaohheeł (imperfective plural second-person)
neiyeeł (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
nideiyeeł (imperfective plural third-person)
nijiiyeeł (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
nidajiiyeeł (fourth-person imperfective plural)
neiséyeel (first-person perfective singular)
neisiigeel (duoplural first-person perfective)
nideisiigeel (first-person perfective plural)
neisíníyeel (perfective second-person singular)
neisooyeel (duoplural perfective second-person)
nideisooyeel (perfective plural second-person)
neizyeel (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
nideizyeel (perfective plural third-person)
nijiizyeel (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
nidajiizyeel (fourth-person perfective plural)

na- (atelic, circuital) + -yi- (thematic) + -∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -yeeł (continuative stem of root -YÉÉL, “to dream”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-yeeł</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-YÉÉL</i>

Tłʼéédą́ą́ʼ naa neiséyeel.

Nizhónígo nijiiyeeł.


Bilagáana bineeshchʼííʼ

From Bilagáana (“Americans”) + bineeshchʼííʼ (“their nut”).


jaaʼniłtsʼílí

Compound of ajaaʼ (“ear”) + niłtsʼílí (“it is translucent”). Literally, "the one with translucent ears".


biiʼ sitłéʼé

From biiʼ (“inside of it”) + sitłééʼ (“a mushy object lies in position”, from -TŁÉÉʼ, “to handle mushy matter”) + -í (nominalizer).


abaní

beʼabaní (possessed-form)
sheʼabaní (first-person singular)
niheʼabaní (duoplural first-person)
daniheʼabaní (first-person plural)
neʼabaní (second-person singular)
niheʼabaní (duoplural second-person)
daniheʼabaní (plural second-person)
beʼabaní (third-person)
yeʼabaní (fourth-person)
hweʼabaní (fourth-person)
abaní (indefinite)


-TSʼÍLÍ

Cognate with Dena'ina chʼul, Koyukon tsʼəł, both meaning “to be bright, clear”.
Apparently related to the root -TSʼĮĮL (“to be clear”).


ajaayiʼ

shijaayiʼ (first-person singular)
nihijaayiʼ (duoplural first-person)
danihijaayiʼ (first-person plural)
nijaayiʼ (second-person singular)
nihijaayiʼ (duoplural second-person)
danihijaayiʼ (plural second-person)
bijaayiʼ (third-person)
yijaayiʼ (fourth-person)
hajaayiʼ (fourth-person)
ajaayiʼ (indefinite)

From ajaaʼ (“ear”) + biyiʼ (“inside of it”).


niłtsʼílí

ni- (adjectival) + -∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier) + -tsʼílí (neuter imperfective stem of root -TSʼÍLÍ, “to be clear, crystalline”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-tsʼílí</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-TSʼÍLÍ</i>

nv-link-to-root

it is clear, pure, crystalline (as water)


yiiłtsʼįįł

yiiłtsʼįįł (imperfective singular third-person)
yiiłtsʼįįl (perfective singular third-person)

yi- (transitional) + -∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier) + -tsʼįįł (transitional imperfective stem of root -TSʼĮĮL, “to be clear, shiny”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-tsʼįįł</i>

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-TSʼĮĮL</i>


niłtsʼį́į́l

ni- (adjectival) + -∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier) + -tsʼį́į́l (neuter imperfective stem of root -TSʼĮĮL, “to be clear, shiny”).

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-tsʼį́į́l</i>


Tsééhílį́

Compound of tsééh (“into the rocks”) + yílį́ (“it flows”).


Názlíní

From názlį́ (“it flows in a circle”) + -í (nominalizer).


tooh nílínígíí

From tooh (“river”) + nílį́ (“it flows along”) + -ígíí (nominalizer).


Tó Náálíní

From tó (“water”) + náálį́ (“it flows downwards”) + -í (nominalizer).


Chézhįįh Deezlį́

From chézhin (“lava, black stone”) + biih (“into it”) + deezlį́ (“it flows along”). Literally, where water flows into the black rocks.


deezlį́

di- (extension) + -z- (si-perfective 3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -lį́ (neuter perfective stem of root -LĮ́, “to flow”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-lį́</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-LĮ́</i>


nílį́

nílį́ (perfective plural singular third-person)
danílį́ (distributive perfective plural third-person)

ní- (ni-perfective 3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -lį́ (neuter perfective stem of root -LĮ́, “to flow”).

nv-prefixes

Béésh tó bighádaazlínígíí biiʼ nílį́.


náálį́

na- (“downward”) + -◌́◌́- (yi-perfective 3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -lį́ (neuter perfective stem of root -LĮ́, “to flow”).


yílį́

y- (peg element) + -◌́- (yi-perfective 3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -lį́ (neuter perfective stem of root -LĮ́, “to flow”).

nv-prefixes

Tsééh yílį́.


-LĮ́

From Proto-Athabaskan *lənʸ (“to flow”), possibly from Pre-Proto-Athabaskan *ɬ-hənʸ. The original *-ł- classifier fused with the following segment and, due to a subsequent sonorization, has been reinterpreted as the initial consonant of the stem.
This root occurs almost exclusively in the neuter perfective mode, although the repetitive stem -lį́į́h (< -d- + -łį́į́h) is apparently attested in the toponym Tó Nehelį́į́h (literally “where water customarily flows one time after another to a stopping point”), derived from the usitative form of neheezlį́ (Young & Morgan, 1991).


chʼínílį́

chʼínílį́ (perfective plural singular third-person)
chʼídaazlį́ (distributive perfective plural third-person)

chʼí- (“out horizontally”) + -ní- (ni-perfective 3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -lį́ (neuter perfective stem of root -LĮ́, “to flow”).


názlį́

názlį́ (perfective plural singular third-person)
ńdaazlį́ (distributive perfective plural third-person)

ná- (“around”) + -z- (si-perfective 3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -lį́ (neuter perfective stem of root -LĮ́, “to flow”).


ninílį́

ni- (terminative) + -ní- (ni-perfective 3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -lį́ (neuter perfective stem of root -LĮ́, “to flow”).


íílį́

íílį́ (perfective plural singular third-person)
adaazlį́ (distributive perfective plural third-person)

ʼa- (“away”) + -◌́◌́- (yi-perfective 3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -lį́ (neuter perfective stem of root -LĮ́, “to flow”).


chʼéélį́

chʼí- (“out horizontally”) + -◌́◌́- (yi-perfective 3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -lį́ (neuter perfective stem of root -LĮ́, “to flow”).

Adah chʼéélį́.


ahéénílį́

ʼah- (reciprocal) + -í- (“against, reaching”) + -ná- (“around”) + -ní- (ni-perfective 3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -lį́ (neuter perfective stem of root -LĮ́, “to flow”).


éljołí

From éljoł (“it is rubbed against something”), from yéłjoł (“s/he rubs it against it”, from -JOOL, “to handle non-compact matter”) + -í (nominalizer).


béésh tó nílínígíí

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béésh tó nílínígíí

béésh tó nílínígíí

From béésh (“metal”) + tó (“water”) + nílį́ (“it flows along”) + -ígíí (nominalizer). Literally, the metal through which water flows along.


dił atsʼíístaazlíní

From dił (“blood”) + atsʼíís (“body”, incorporated noun) + -tah (“among”) + -z- (si-perfective modal) + -lį́ (from -LĮ́, “to flow”) + -í (nominalizer).


béésh tó bighádaazlínígíí

From béésh (“metal”) + tó (“water”) + bighádaazlį́ (“it distributedly flows through it”, from -LĮ́, “to flow”) + -ígíí (nominalizer).


-CHÍÍL

From Proto-Athabaskan *tšitɬʼ (“snow”). Compare Navajo chííl (“snowstorm”). The root often appears with the emphatic infix -x-.
The verb yíchííł translates as “a snowstorm arrives” in the imperfective mode, while in the perfective mode it means “it snows”.


bighánílį́

bighánílį́ (perfective plural singular third-person)
bighádaazlį́ (distributive perfective plural third-person)

b- (3rd person indirect object prefix) + -ghá- (“through”) + -ní- (ni-perfective 3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -lį́ (neuter perfective stem of root -LĮ́, “to flow”).

nv-prefixes

it flows through it (as water through pipes)


haʼastih

From the root -TIH (“to be old, decrepit”).


yichííł

yi- (progressive) + -∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -chííł (progressive stem of root -CHÍÍL, “to snow”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-chííł</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-CHÍÍL</i>

Dziłbąąhgóó yichííł.

A snowstorm is moving along the mountainside.


haastih

haastih (perfective plural singular third-person)
hadaastih (distributive perfective plural third-person)

ha- (“aging”) + -s- (si-perfective 3rd person subject prefix) + -d- (classifier) + -tih (neuter perfective stem of root -TIH, “to be old, decrepit”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-tih</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-TIH</i>


wóʼą́ą́lį́

wóʼą- (“over an edge”) + -◌́◌́- (yi-perfective 3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -lį́ (neuter perfective stem of root -LĮ́, “to flow”).

nv-prefixes

it overflows, runs over (as water in an overfilled glass)


-TIH

Derivation unknown. Compare Hupa tigy (“to pinch, squeeze”).


-TIH

Derivation unknown. This root is apparently related to the noun hastiin (“man”).


diitííh

diishtííh (first-person imperfective singular)
diitííh (duoplural first-person imperfective)
dadiitííh (first-person imperfective plural)
diitííh (imperfective second-person singular)
doohtííh (duoplural imperfective second-person)
dadoohtííh (imperfective plural second-person)
diitííh (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
dadiitííh (imperfective plural third-person)
jidiitííh (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dazhdiitííh (fourth-person imperfective plural)
diitih (first-person perfective singular)
diitih (duoplural first-person perfective)
dadiitih (first-person perfective plural)
dinitih (perfective second-person singular)
dootih (duoplural perfective second-person)
dadootih (perfective plural second-person)
diitih (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
dadiitih (perfective plural third-person)
jidiitih (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dazhdiitih (fourth-person perfective plural)

di- (thematic) + -yi- (transitional) + -∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -tííh (transitional stem of root -TIH, “to grow old”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-tííh</i>

Óltaʼ baa diitih.

(with baa) he/she gets too old for something


yitih

yishtih (first-person progressive singular)
yiitih (duoplural first-person progressive)
deíníitííh (first-person plural progressive)
yítih (progressive second-person singular)
wohtih (duoplural progressive second-person)
deínóhtííh (plural progressive second-person)
yitih (duoplural progressive singular third-person)
deítííh (plural progressive third-person)
jootih (duoplural fourth-person progressive singular)
dajítííh (fourth-person plural progressive)

yi- (progressive) + -∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -tih (progressive stem of root -TIH, “to grow old”).

he/she is aging, is getting old, is growing old


áyóʼní

óoshʼní (first-person singular)
ííníshʼní (first-person singular)
ííníiʼní (duoplural first-person)
ádeíníiʼní (first-person plural)
ííníʼní (second-person singular)
íínóhʼní (duoplural second-person)
ádeínóhʼní (plural second-person)
áyóʼní (duoplural singular third-person)
ádayóʼní (plural third-person)
ájóʼní (duoplural fourth-person singular)
ádajóʼní (fourth-person plural)

ʼá- (“thus”) + -y- (3rd person object prefix) + -ó- (“directed at”, combining form of yíní- in the 3rd person) + -d- (classifier) + -ní (neuter imperfective stem of root -NIID, “to desire, to love”)

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ní</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-NIID</i>

Ayóí ánóshʼní.

Ayóí áshííníʼní.

Ayóí ádóʼní.

Ayóí ádeíníiʼní.

Ayói ádanííníiʼní.


kǫʼ nooyééł

From kǫʼ (“fire”) + nooyééł (“it is growing along”, from -YĄ́, “to grow”).


ííłní

ábidishní (first-person imperfective singular)
ábidiiʼní (duoplural first-person imperfective)
ádabidiiʼní (first-person imperfective plural)
ábidiní (imperfective second-person singular)
ábidohní (duoplural imperfective second-person)
ádabidohní (imperfective plural second-person)
ííłní (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
ádeiłní (imperfective plural third-person)
ábijiní (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
ádabijiní (fourth-person imperfective plural)

ʼá- (“thus”) + -y- (3rd person object prefix) + -∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier) + -ní (neuter imperfective stem of root -NIID, “to say”).

nv-prefixes

John bilį́į́ʼ shaʼdooltééł biniiyé ábidishní.

Ni dooda, John ábidishní.


yidiłní

bidishní (first-person imperfective singular)
bidiilní (duoplural first-person imperfective)
dabidiilní (first-person imperfective plural)
bidíłní (imperfective second-person singular)
bidołní (duoplural imperfective second-person)
dabidołní (imperfective plural second-person)
yidiłní (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
deidiłní (imperfective plural third-person)
bizhdiłní (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dabizhdiłní (fourth-person imperfective plural)

y- (3rd person object prefix) + -di- (thematic) + -∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier) + -ní (neuter imperfective stem of root -NIID, “to say”).

Tsídii bidishní.

Néʼéshjaaʼ mósí yidiłní.


-YĄ́

From Proto-Athabaskan *ɣʸanʸ (“to grow”). Possibly from the same source of the root -YĄĄD (“to be wise, experienced”).
The meaning of this root refers either to physical maturity of humans or to an increment in size of plants and vegetation.
The initial consonant of the root is subjected to the following irregular phonetic alterations:
* In the theme ni + ∅ + -YĄ́ (“to grow up, mature, accumulate”, intransitive)
# when preceded by the voiceless fricative -sh-, the marker of the first person singular, it surfaces as y (IPA: [j̝])
#: e.g., nishyé (“I grow up”, imperfective), dínéeshyééł (“I will grow up”, future) and nóshyééł (“I would grow up”, optative)
# in the first person duoplural, due to the d-effect, it is realized as g (IPA: [k])
#: e.g., niigé (“we (two) grow up”, imperfective), díníigééł (“we (two) will grow up”, future) and noogééł (“we (two) would grow up”, optative)
* In the theme O + ni + ł + -YĄ́ (“to raise O, bring O up”, transitive)
# it merges with the ł-classifier, producing s (IPA: [s])
#: e.g., yinisé (“s/he raises him/her”, imperfective), yidínóosééł (“s/he will raise him/her”, future), yinósééł (“s/he would raise him/her”, optative)
# it becomes z (IPA: [z]) after l (< d + ł-classifier, by d-effect), especially in passive themes (ni + l + -YĄ́, “to be raised, reared”, passive)
#: e.g., nilzé (“it is raised”, passive of the preceding base, imperfective)
The momentaneous imperfective stem has two shapes, mainly -yééh and -yé. The latter, however, is identical to the conclusive imperfective stem of the same root.

to grow up, mature, grow in size, accumulate


kinchǫ́ʼí

From kin (“house”) + nichǫ́ǫ́ʼí (“it is ruined”, from -CHXǪʼ, “to ruin”), with emphatic infix -x-.


tóchxǫ́ʼí

From tó (“water”) + nichǫ́ǫ́ʼí (“it is dirty”, from -CHXǪʼ, “to ruin”), with emphatic infix -x-.


halzhíísh

halzhíísh (imperfective singular third-person)
hashzhiizh (perfective singular third-person)

ho- (“space, area, things”) + -∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -l- (classifier) + -zhíísh (momentaneous imperfective stem of root -ZHIIZH, “time passes”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-zhíísh</i>

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ZHIIZH</i>

Tłʼéédą́ą́ʼ hatáál baa naʼaldeehígíí bílátah dah hashzhiizh.

The ceremony people were carrying on ended last night.


ání

ádíshní (first-person singular)
ádiiʼní (duoplural first-person)
ádadiiʼní (first-person plural)
ádíní (second-person singular)
ádóhní (duoplural second-person)
ádadohní (plural second-person)
ání (duoplural singular third-person)
ádaaní (plural third-person)
ájíní (duoplural fourth-person singular)
ádajiní (fourth-person plural)
ádííniid (first-person perfective singular)
ádiiʼniid (duoplural first-person perfective)
ádadiiʼniid (first-person perfective plural)
ádííníniid (perfective second-person singular)
ádooniid (duoplural perfective second-person)
ádadooniid (perfective plural second-person)
ádííniid (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
ádadííniid (perfective plural third-person)
ájidííniid (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
ádazhdííniid (fourth-person perfective plural)
ádideeshniił (first-person future singular)
ádidiiʼniił (duoplural first-person future)
ádadidiiʼniił (first-person future plural)
ádidííniił (future second-person singular)
ádidoohniił (duoplural future second-person)
ádadidoohniił (future plural second-person)
ádidooniił (duoplural future singular third-person)
ádadidooniił (future plural third-person)
ádizhdooniił (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
ádazhdidooniił (fourth-person future plural)
áńdíshʼniih (first-person singular)
áńdiiʼniih (duoplural first-person)
áńdadiiʼniih (first-person plural)
áńdíʼniih (second-person singular)
áńdóhʼniih (duoplural second-person)
áńdadohʼniih (plural second-person)
áńdíʼniih (duoplural singular third-person)
áńdadiʼniih (plural third-person)
ánízhdíʼniih (duoplural fourth-person singular)
áńdazhdiʼniih (fourth-person plural)
ádóshneʼ (first-person singular)
ádooʼneʼ (duoplural first-person)
ádadooʼneʼ (first-person plural)
ádóóneʼ (second-person singular)
ádoohneʼ (duoplural second-person)
ádadoohneʼ́ (plural second-person)
ádóneʼ (duoplural singular third-person)
ádadóneʼ (plural third-person)
ázhdóneʼ (duoplural fourth-person singular)
ádazhdóneʼ (fourth-person plural)

ʼá- (“thus”) + -di- (“oral”) + -∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -ní (neuter imperfective stem of root -NIID, “to say”).

nv-prefixes

Mąʼii ání “doo shił bééhózin da”.

he/she says thus, he/she says as follows

Bíká ádíshní.

Yíká ání.

(with bíká) he/she calls him/her, he/she gets his/her attention

Atʼéés bimósí yázhí ání.

Shimá yázhí bidibé ádaaní.


-DÁÁZ

From Proto-Athabaskan *da̓z ~ *das (“to be heavy”). Compare Chipewyan yekʼéghíłdath (“it is coming down heavy on him”) and Navajo das (“weight”).
In active intransitive bases this root describes the movement of a mass of plural objects. In neuter adjectival and comparative bases it retains the original meaning “to be heavy”.


shóyoołtʼeeh

shóosht’eeh (first-person imperfective singular)
shóolt’eeh (duoplural first-person imperfective)
shóiníłt’eeh (imperfective second-person singular)
shóołt’eeh (duoplural imperfective second-person)
shóyoołt’eeh (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
shódayoołt’eeh (imperfective plural third-person)
shójoołt’eeh (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
shódajoołt’eeh (fourth-person imperfective plural)
shóiséłt’e’ (first-person perfective singular)
shóisiilt’e’ (duoplural first-person perfective)
shódeisiilt’e’ (first-person perfective plural)
shóisíníłt’e’ (perfective second-person singular)
shóisoołt’e’ (duoplural perfective second-person)
shódeisoołt’e’ (perfective plural second-person)
shóyoost’e’ (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
shódayoost’e’ (perfective plural third-person)
shójoost’e’ (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
shódajoost’e’ (fourth-person perfective plural)
shóideesht’eeł (first-person future singular)
shóidiilt’eeł (duoplural first-person future)
shódeidiilt’eeł (first-person future plural)
shóidííłt’eeł (future second-person singular)
shóidoołt’eeł (duoplural future second-person)
shódeidoołt’eeł (future plural second-person)
shóidoołt’eeł (duoplural future singular third-person)
shódeidoołt’eeł (future plural third-person)
shóizhdoołt’eeł (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
shódeizhdoołt’eeł (fourth-person future plural)
shónáosht’eeh (first-person singular)
shónáoolt’eeh (duoplural first-person)
shónídaoolt’eeh (first-person plural)
shónáołt’eeh (second-person singular)
shónáoołt’eeh (duoplural second-person)
shónídaoołt’eeh (plural second-person)
shónáyoołt’eeh (duoplural singular third-person)
shónídayoołt’eeh (plural third-person)
shóníjoołt’e (duoplural fourth-person singular)
shónídajoołt’eeh (fourth-person plural)
shóosht’eeh (first-person singular)
shóolt’eeh (duoplural first-person)
shódaoolt’eeh (first-person plural)
shóółt’eeh (second-person singular)
shóołt’eeh (duoplural second-person)
shódaoołt’eeh (plural second-person)
shóyoołt’eeh (duoplural singular third-person)
shódayoołt’eeh (plural third-person)
shójoołt’eeh (duoplural fourth-person singular)
shódajoołt’eeh (fourth-person plural)

shó- (thematic) + -y- (3rd person object prefix) + -oo- (meaning unclear, combining form of yini- in the 3rd person) + -ł- (classifier) + -tʼé (imperfective stem of root -TʼEʼ, “to be”)

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-tʼé</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-TʼEʼ</i>


tł

A letter of the Navajo alphabet, written in the Latin script.


ásaah

Contraction of ásaaʼ (“pot”) + -iih (“into”).


ayaayááhkaz

siyaayááhkaz (first-person singular)
nihiyaayááhkaz (duoplural first-person)
danihiyaayááhkaz (first-person plural)
niyaayááhkaz (second-person singular)
nihiyaayááhkaz (duoplural second-person)
danihiyaayááhkaz (plural second-person)
biyaayááhkaz (third-person)
yiyaayááhkaz (fourth-person)
hayaayááhkaz (fourth-person)
ayaayááhkaz (indefinite)

From ayaayááh (“throat”) + akaz (“stem”).


-JIŁ

Unknown.
This root is attested in the neuter imperfective mode only.

to be lusty, be libidinous, be sexually promiscuous


ałjił

ashjił (first-person imperfective singular)
iiljił (duoplural first-person imperfective)
adeiiljił (first-person imperfective plural)
íłjil (imperfective second-person singular)
ołjił (duoplural imperfective second-person)
adaołjił (imperfective plural second-person)
ałjił (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
adaałjił (imperfective plural third-person)
ajiłjił (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
adajiłjił (fourth-person imperfective plural)

ʼa- (thematic) + -∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier) + -jił (neuter imperfective stem of root -JIŁ, “to be lusty”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-jił</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-JIŁ</i>

he/she is lusty, libidinous, sexually promiscuous


déesʼeez

dínísʼeez (first-person perfective singular)
díníilʼeez (duoplural first-person perfective)
dadíníilʼeez (first-person perfective plural)
dínílʼeez (perfective second-person singular)
dínółʼeez (duoplural perfective second-person)
dadínółʼeez (perfective plural second-person)
déesʼeez (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
dadéesʼeez (perfective plural third-person)
jidéesʼeez (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dazdéesʼeez (fourth-person perfective plural)

díní- (prolongative) + -s- (si-perfective 3rd person subject prefix) + -l- (classifier) + -ʼeez (neuter perfective stem of root -ʼEEZ, “move the feet”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ʼeez</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ʼEEZ</i>

he/she/it holds his/her/its feet in position


nááʼádįįh

From anááʼ (“eyes”, incorporated noun) + ádįįh (“they (two) vanish”). It refers to a kind of mushroom that causes blindness.


awóchaan

From awooʼ (“teeth”) + chąąʼ (“excrement”).


níłtsą́ʼééʼ

From níłtsą́ (“rain”) + ééʼ (“garment”).


hachįʼ

hachįʼ (imperfective singular third-person)
hóóchįįd (perfective singular third-person)

ho- (“space, area, things”) + -∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -chįʼ (neuter imperfective stem of root -CHĮĮD, “to be nasty, angry”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-chįʼ</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-CHĮĮD</i>

Shá hóóchįįd.

Amá yichʼįʼ bá hachįʼ.


náháłchįįh

náháshchįįh (first-person singular)
náhwiilchįįh (duoplural first-person)
nádahwiilchįįh (first-person plural)
náhółchįįh (second-person singular)
náhółchįįh (duoplural second-person)
nádahołchįįh (plural second-person)
náháłchįįh (duoplural singular third-person)
nádahałchįįh (plural third-person)
náhojiłchįįh (duoplural fourth-person singular)
nádahojiłchįįh (fourth-person plural)

ná- (iterative) + -ho- (“space, area, things”) + -∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier, causative) + -chįįh (momentaneous iterative stem of root -CHĮĮD, “to be nasty”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-chįįh</i>


yaałáí

Awééʼ biyaałáí


awooʼ bee yichʼiishí

sheʼawooʼ bee yichʼiishí (first-person singular)
niheʼawooʼ bee yichʼiishí (duoplural first-person)
daniheʼawooʼ bee yichʼiishí (first-person plural)
neʼawooʼ bee yichʼiishí (second-person singular)
niheʼawooʼ bee yichʼiishí (duoplural second-person)
daniheʼawooʼ bee yichʼiishí (plural second-person)
beʼawooʼ bee yichʼiishí (third-person)
yeʼawooʼ bee yichʼiishí (fourth-person)
hweʼawooʼ bee yichʼiishí (fourth-person)
awooʼ bee yichʼiishí (indefinite)

From awooʼ (“teeth”) + bee (“with it”) + yichʼiish (“he/she brushes them”) + -í (nominalizer).


hóyáanii

From hóyą́ (“s/he is wise”, from -YĄĄD, “to be wise”) + -n- (ligature) + -ii (nominalizer).


atsíín

foot, base (of a promontory, mountain, cliff or tree)


tʼáá dzígaidi

tʼáá (“just”) + dzígai (“plain, flatland”) + -di (“in”)

Tʼáá dzígaidi sézį́įgo béésh bee haneʼé yił hidideełígíí tsʼídá ádin.

I'm standing in the middle of nowhere and I have no cell phone signal.


hoogááh

ho- (“space, area, things”) + -yi- (transitional) + -∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -gááh (transitional stem of root -GAII, “to white”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-gááh</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-GAII</i>

it becomes white, a whiteout happens, the place turns white


yidáanii

From yidą́ (“it is eaten”), passive form of yiyą́ (“he/she eats it”, from -YĄ́Ą́ʼ, “to eat”) + -ii (nominalizer). Literally, “that which is eaten”.


akwih

shikwih (first-person singular)
nihikwih (duoplural first-person)
danihikwih (first-person plural)
nikwih (second-person singular)
nihikwih (duoplural second-person)
danihikwih (plural second-person)
bikwih (third-person)
yikwih (fourth-person)
hakwih (fourth-person)
akwih (indefinite)


tséghádiʼńdínii

From tsé (“rock”, incorporated noun) + bighádiʼnídíín (“light shines through it”, from -DÍÍN, “to light”) + -ii (nominalizer).


ndeezniiʼ

na- (atelic, circuital) + -di- (“sensory”) + -eez- (si-perfective 3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -niiʼ (continuative perfective stem of root -NIIʼ, “to hurt”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-niiʼ</i>

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-NIIʼ</i>

(with biyiʼ) to have an internal pain moving about


akʼinaalzhoodí

From akʼi (“on it”) + naalzhood (“it is dragged around”) + -í (nominalizer).


akʼinaʼalzhoodí

From akʼi (“on it”) + naʼalzhood (“something (a harrow) is dragged around”) + -í (nominalizer).


abeʼ neeskʼįhígíí

Compound of abeʼ (“milk”) + neeskʼįh (“it curdled”) + -ígíí (nominalizer).


nilkʼįh

nilkʼįh (imperfective singular third-person)
neeskʼįh (perfective singular third-person)

ni- (adjectival) + -∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -kʼįh (momentaneous imperfective stem of root -KʼĮH, “to curdle”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-kʼįh</i>

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-KʼĮH</i>


-KʼĮH

Probably from Proto-Athabaskan *qʼəy (“birch”).
Cognates found in Koyukon dodaalkkʼeyh (“it is layered”) and Dena'ina tqʼey (“it is shingled with bark”).


meeʼ

(onomatopoeia) baa, the characteristic bleating sound made by sheep


-ZEEZ

From Proto-Athabaskan *ha̓dž ~ *yadž (“singe”).


kintah

Kintahgóó

Kintah góyaa


łeechʼosh

Compound of łeezh (“ground, soil”) + chʼosh (“bug, insect”).


neezgai

ni- (terminative) + -z- (si-perfective 3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -gai (neuter perfective stem of root -GAII, “to be hot”)

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-gai</i>

Shitah neezgai.


Mágí Bitseeʼ Noodǫ́zí Bikéyah

Madagascar (an island and country off the east coast of Africa)


yoołgaii

Compound of yooʼ (“white shell”) + łigaii (“white”).


spéshelígíí

/spɛ́ʃɛ̀lɪ́kíː/


yáadilá áwééʼátʼéego lá

affix

áwééʼátʼéego


bílaʼ dį́įʼii

head

bílaʼ dį́įʼii


yichʼiishí

yichʼiish (“he/she brushes them”) + -í (nominalizer).


awooʼ bił yichʼiishí

awooʼ (“tooth”) + bił (“with him”) + yichʼiish (“he/she brushes them”) + -í (nominalizer).


ałtániiłgizh

ʼał- (reciprocal) + -ł- (classifier, causative) root -GIZH, “to cut”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-GIZH</i>


óola niłtólí ílínígíí

óola (“gold”) + niłtólí (“of glass”) + ílínígíí


bił hodiikʼąąd

bił (“drowsiness”) + hodiikʼąąd (“he/she is hunched”)


didoogááł

di- (inceptive) + -∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + ∅- (classifier) + -ááł (imperfective stem of root -YÁ, “to go, to walk — 1 actor”)

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ááł</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-YÁ</i>


nalí asdzaan

paternal grandmother
paternal grandmother


łééchąąʼí yił nínii

head

łééchąąʼí yił nínii

łééchąąʼí (“dog”) + yił (“with him”) + nínii


zénáztʼiʼí

/zɛ́nɑ́ztʼɪ̀ʔɪ́/


kǫʼ yiniłtsésí

From kǫʼ (“fire”) + yiniłtséés (“he extinguishes it”) + -í (nominalizer), literally “the one that extinguishes fires”.


kǫʼ bee niltsésí

From kǫʼ (“fire”) + bee (“with it”) + niltséés (“it is extinguished”, passive form of yiniłtséés) + -í (nominalizer), literally “that with which fire is extinguished”.

passive form of <i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">yiniłtséés</i>


tídááchįįd

tídááchįįd (first-person perfective singular)
tídeiichįįd (duoplural first-person perfective)
tídadeiichįįd (first-person perfective plural)
tídéíníchįįd (perfective second-person singular)
tídaoohchįįd (duoplural perfective second-person)
tídadaoohchįįd (perfective plural second-person)
tídááchįįd (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
tídadááchįįd (perfective plural third-person)
tídajííchįįd (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
tídadajííchįįd (fourth-person perfective plural)

tí- (“injury, wound”) + -da- (“death”, disjunct prefix) + -◌́◌́- (yi-perfective 3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -chįįd (imperfective stem of root -CHĮĮD, “to hopeless”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-chįįd</i>


dízdiin

From dį́į́ʼ (“four”) + -diin (multiplicative "times 10" suffix).


ashdladiin

From ashdlaʼ (“five”) + -diin (multiplicative "times 10" suffix).


biwooʼ hólóní

bi- (“its”) + awooʼ (“tooth”) + hólǫ́ (“there is”) + -í (“nominalizer”)


-tsʼáadah

Used to form cardinal numbers from eleven to nineteen.


hastą́diin

From hastą́ą́ (“six”) + -diin (multiplicative "times 10" suffix).


Łeesdísí Bikéyah

/ɬèːstísí pɪ̀kʰɛ́jàh/

From łeesdísí (“kiwi”) + bikéyah (“their country”).

New Zealand (a country and archipelago in Oceania, to the east of Australia)


Chooyééł Dineʼé Bikéyah

Papua New Guinea
Papua New Guinea#English:_Q691


yił hidideełígíí

yił hidideeł (“he catches them”) + -ígíí (“nominalizer”). Literally, "what is being caught".


bóhólnííh

From the root -NÍÍʼ, “to have authority over”

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-NÍÍʼ</i>


-NÍÍʼ

to be in charge, have authority or control over


-LÁÁʼ

Possibly Proto-Athabaskan *la̓G (“make”)


naʼiiniʼ

From the root -NIIʼ (“to act with hand”). See also Navajo naʼiishniih.


-TʼOH

to shoot an arrow, to throw or stab with a spear


-TʼOH

Possibly related to -TʼÓÓD (“to smoke”).


naachid

From the root -CHID (“to move hand”), 'gesturing'.

A traditional Navajo political gathering.


naachʼid

From the extended meaning of -CHʼID (“to scratch”) as 'management', 'handling'.


nanidaahii

na- (atelic, circuital) + -ni- (modal) + -DÁ (“to sit — 1 actor”) + -ii (nominalizer)


-GHAAL

From Proto-Athabaskan *ghiłʼ (“beat with a stick; stick-like object falls abruptly”).

inh

to bat, club, beat
 2. to become worn out, tired
 3. to wrap
 4. area is smooth


-DZID

From Proto-Athabaskan *gʸud (“be rotten; amorphous substance [odor] moves”).

be rotten; amorphous substance 􂀿odor􂁀 moves


naalʼeełídaaʼí

/nɑɑlʔɛɛɬítɑɑʔí/


Ałnánoodǫ́ǫ́z Dineʼé Bikéyah

Scotland (a country in the United Kingdom)


-KÁÁL

From Proto-Athabaskan *kal (“spread out, stretch out”).


-TŁʼIN

become firm, packed down (but not hard and dry)


-YOOD

Proto-Athabaskan *ghʸuʼd (“chase, drive”)


head

nv:Shádiʼááhjí Binááʼádaałtsʼózí Dootłʼizhí Bikéyah


yibéézh

yiłbéézh

naʼniyęęsh

something flows about in a meandering fashion (naʼni-∅-yęęsh)

naʼniłhęęsh

he’s making it flow about in a meandering fashion (naʼni-ł-yęęsh)

siʼą́

a roundish object lies in position (-∅-ʼą́)

séłʼą́

I keep a roundish object in position (-ł-ʼą́)

valence-change prefix
valence-change prefix#English

the ∅- classifier (valence-change prefix), which is the absence of a prefix and usually marks an active verb as intransitive


tʼ

A letter of the Navajo alphabet, written in the Latin script.


ałneʼííʼáázh

ałneʼííʼáázh


shash łigaii

shash (“bear”) + łigai (“it is white”) + -ii (“nominalizer”); "white bear"


Shádiʼááhjí Jeeshóóʼ Bikéyah

Shádiʼááhjí Jeeshóóʼ bikéyah (canonical)

shádiʼááhjí (“On the south”) + Jeeshóóʼ (“vulture”) + bikéyah (“their country”)


Jádító

English: Jadito, Jeddito

census-designated place
census-designated place

Jeddito (a census-designated place in Navajo County, Arizona).


Ghą́ą́ʼaskʼidii Biłikahii Bikéyah Ntsaaígíí


Táłkááʼ Yadaazʼáhí

Singapore (an island and city-state in Southeast Asia, located off the southernmost tip of the Malay Peninsula; a former British crown colony)


nimá

shimá (first-person singular)
nihimá (duoplural first-person)
danihimá (first-person plural)
nimá (second-person singular)
nihimá (duoplural second-person)
danihimá (plural second-person)
bimá (third-person)
yimá (fourth-person)
hamá (fourth-person)
amá (indefinite)

(2nd-personal single possessive) your mother


nihitsiiʼ

first/second-person duoplural possessed form of bitsiiʼ


sitsiiʼ

first-person singular possessed form of bitsiiʼ


daahó

fourth-person distributive plural pronoun they


nitsiiʼ

second-person singular possessed form of bitsiiʼ


danihí

first-person distributive plural pronoun we

second-person distributive plural pronoun you (plural)


shílaʼ

first-person singular possessed form of álaʼ


nílaʼ

second-person singular possessed form of álaʼ


nihádí

first/second-person duoplural possessed form of ádí


nádí

second-person singular possessed form of ádí


nihílaʼ

first/second-person duoplural possessed form of álaʼ


nileezh

second-person sing possessed form of łeezh


nihileezh

first/second-person duoplural possessed form of łeezh


daakǫʼ

distributive plural of kǫʼ (“fire”); many fires


shileezh

first-person sing possessed form of łeezh


níká

shíká (first-person singular)
nihíká (duoplural first-person)
níká (second-person singular)
nihíká (duoplural second-person)
bíká (third-person)
yíká (fourth-person)
háká (fourth-person)
áká (fourth-person singular)
áká (reflexive singular)
ádíká (reflexive singular)
áłká (duoplural reciprocal)
ahíłká (duoplural reciprocal)


nihikʼaʼ

first/second-person duoplural possessed form of kʼaaʼ


nikʼaʼ

second-person sing possessed form of kʼaaʼ


shikʼaʼ

first-person sing possessed form of kʼaaʼ


ł-

From Proto-Athabaskan *ɬ (progressive suffix), from Proto-Na-Dene *ɬ (progressive suffix); cognate with Proto-Yeniseian *l (progressive suffix), Eyak *ɬ (progressive suffix), and Tlingit *n (progressive suffix). The same or a similar classifier prefix is found in all of the Athabaskan languages, as well as the more distantly related Eyak, Tlingit, and the Central Siberian Yeniseian languages (e.g., Ket, formerly Yenisei Ostyak).

inh

yibéézh

yiłbéézh

naʼniyęęsh

naʼniłhęęsh

siʼą́

séłʼą́

the ł- classifier or valence-change prefix, a causative-transitivizing prefix of active verbs that modifies the transitivity or valence and grammatical voice of a verb; it often transitivizes an intransitive -∅- (unmarked) verb:


áńt'į́

→ English: anti'l


danihitsiʼ

first/second-person plural possessed form of atsiʼ


sitsįʼ

first-person singular possessed form of atsįʼ


nihitsįʼ

first/second-person duoplural possessed form of atsįʼ


nihitsiʼ

first/second-person duoplural possessed form of atsiʼ


danihitsįʼ

first/second-person plural possessed form of atsįʼ


nitsiʼ

second-person singular possessed form of atsiʼ


nitsįʼ

second-person singular possessed form of atsįʼ


shitsiʼ

first-person singular possessed form of atsiʼ


béésh halneʼé

béésh (“metal”) + halneʼ (“tell, explain”) + -í (“nominalizer”)


Dził Ntsaaí

Holonym: Dziłíjiin

Big Mountain (a mesa in Navajo County, Arizona, United States)


Séítan

From English Satan, from Latin Satān, from Ancient Greek Σατάν (Satán), from Hebrew שָׂטָן (satán, “adversary, accuser”).


t'ááłáhádí míiltsoh

tʼááłáhádí mííl (“one thousand”) + -tsoh (“big, great”)

af

tʼááłáhádí mííl


yínínizh

second-person singular perfect of yinizh


nímááz

inflection of yímáás:
first-person singular perfect

inflection of yímáás:
third-person perfect


yínímááz

second-person singular perfect of yímáás


tseebídiin

From tseebíí (“eight”) + -diin (multiplicative "times 10" suffix).


náhástʼédiin

From náhástʼéí (“nine”) + -diin (multiplicative "times 10" suffix).


tsostsʼidiin

From tsostsʼid (“seven”) + -diin (multiplicative "times 10" suffix).


shiyéél

first-person sing possessed form of hééł


shilizh

first-person sing possessed form of łizh


shitłʼóól

tłʼóół tłʼóół#Navajo

first-person sing possessed form of tłʼóół


shibeʼ

first-person sing possessed form of abeʼ