diidiłjeeh

didishjeeh (first-person imperfective singular)
didiiljeeh (duoplural first-person imperfective)
didadiiljeeh (first-person imperfective plural)
didíłjeeh (imperfective second-person singular)
didołjeeh (duoplural imperfective second-person)
didadołjeeh (imperfective plural second-person)
diidiłjeeh (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
dideidiłjeeh (imperfective plural third-person)
dizhdiłjeeh (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
didazhdiłjeeh (fourth-person imperfective plural)
didííłjééʼ (first-person perfective singular)
didiiljééʼ (duoplural first-person perfective)
didadiiljééʼ (first-person perfective plural)
didííníłjééʼ (perfective second-person singular)
didoołjééʼ (duoplural perfective second-person)
didadoołjééʼ (perfective plural second-person)
diidííłjééʼ (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
dideidííłjééʼ (perfective plural third-person)
dizhdííłjééʼ (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
didazhdííłjééʼ (fourth-person perfective plural)
didideeshjah (first-person future singular)
dididiiljah (duoplural first-person future)
didadidiiljah (first-person future plural)
dididííłjah (future second-person singular)
dididoołjah (duoplural future second-person)
didadidoołjah (future plural second-person)
diididoołjah (duoplural future singular third-person)
dideididoołjah (future plural third-person)
dizhdidoołjah (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
didazhdidoołjah (fourth-person future plural)

he/she is making it, starting it, building it (a fire)


yíłmáás

nismáás (first-person imperfective singular)
niilmáás (duoplural first-person imperfective)
daniilmáás (first-person imperfective plural)
níłmáás (imperfective second-person singular)
nołmáás (duoplural imperfective second-person)
danołmáás (imperfective plural second-person)
yíłmáás (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
deíłmáás (imperfective plural third-person)
jíłmáás (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dajíłmáás (fourth-person imperfective plural)
níłmááz (first-person perfective singular)
niilmááz (duoplural first-person perfective)
daniilmááz (first-person perfective plural)
yíníłmááz (perfective second-person singular)
noołmááz (duoplural perfective second-person)
danoołmááz (perfective plural second-person)
yiníłmááz (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
deismááz (perfective plural third-person)
jiníłmááz (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dajismááz (fourth-person perfective plural)
deesmas (first-person future singular)
diilmas (duoplural first-person future)
dadiilmas (first-person future plural)
dííłmas (future second-person singular)
doołmas (duoplural future second-person)
dadoołmas (future plural second-person)
yidoołmas (duoplural future singular third-person)
deidoołmas (future plural third-person)
jidoołmas (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
dazhdoołmas (fourth-person future plural)

y- (3rd person object prefix) + -◌́- (ni-modal 3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier, causative) + -máás (imperfective stem of root -MÁÁZ, “to roll”).
The stem -máás (“globular, spherical, ball-like shape”) is cognate with -bą́ą́z (“hooplike, ringlike shape”), possibly from Proto-Athabaskan *wątsʼ (“roll”)

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<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-máás</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-MÁÁZ</i>

Jooł hashtłʼish biih níłmááz

sitsiitsʼiin nismáás


yinaalnish

binaashnish (first-person imperfective singular)
bineiilnish (duoplural first-person imperfective)
bindeiilnish (first-person imperfective plural)
binanilnish (imperfective second-person singular)
binaołnish (duoplural imperfective second-person)
bindaołnish (imperfective plural second-person)
yinaalnish (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
yindaalnish (imperfective plural third-person)
binjilnish (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
bindajilnish (fourth-person imperfective plural)
binishishnish (first-person perfective singular)
binishiilnish (duoplural first-person perfective)
bindashiilnish (first-person perfective plural)
binishínílnish (perfective second-person singular)
binishoołnish (duoplural perfective second-person)
bindashoołnish (perfective plural second-person)
yinaashnish (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
yindaashnish (perfective plural third-person)
binjishnish (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
bindajishnish (fourth-person perfective plural)
bindeeshnish (first-person future singular)
bindiilnish (duoplural first-person future)
bindadiilnish (first-person future plural)
bindíílnish (future second-person singular)
bindoołnish (duoplural future second-person)
bindadoołnish (future plural second-person)
yindoolnish (duoplural future singular third-person)
yindadoolnish (future plural third-person)
binizhdoolnish (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
bindazhdoolnish (fourth-person future plural)

b- (3rd person indirect object prefix) + -na- (atelic, circuital) + -∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -l- (classifier, thematic) + -nish (continuative imperfective stem of root -NISH, “to work”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-nish</i>

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<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-NISH</i>


yikʼíididis

bikʼídísdis (first-person imperfective singular)
bikʼídiidis (duoplural first-person imperfective)
bikʼídadiidis (first-person imperfective plural)
bikʼídídis (imperfective second-person singular)
bikʼídóhdis (duoplural imperfective second-person)
bikʼídadohdis (imperfective plural second-person)
yikʼíididis (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
yikʼídeididis (imperfective plural third-person)
bikʼízhdídis (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
bikʼídazhdidis (fourth-person imperfective plural)
bikʼídédiz (first-person perfective singular)
bikʼídeediz (duoplural first-person perfective)
bikʼídadeediz (first-person perfective plural)
bikʼídínídiz (perfective second-person singular)
bikʼídisoodiz (duoplural perfective second-person)
bikʼídadisoodiz (perfective plural second-person)
yikʼíideezdiz (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
yikʼídeideezdiz (perfective plural third-person)
bikʼízhdeezdiz (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
bikʼídazhdeezdiz (fourth-person perfective plural)
bikʼídideesdis (first-person future singular)
bikʼídidiidis (duoplural first-person future)
bikʼídadidiidis (first-person future plural)
bikʼídidíídis (future second-person singular)
bikʼídidoohdis (duoplural future second-person)
bikʼídadidoohdis (future plural second-person)
yikʼíididoodis (duoplural future singular third-person)
yikʼídeididoodis (future plural third-person)
bikʼízhdidoodis (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
bikʼídazhdidoodis (fourth-person future plural)

b- (3rd person indirect object prefix) + -kʼí- (“onto”) + -y- (3rd person object prefix) + -di- (thematic) + -∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -dis (imperfective stem of root -DIZ, “to twist”).

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<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-dis</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-DIZ</i>

he/she is wrapping it (direct object) around it (indirect object) in a spiral fashion

he/she is bandaging it (indirect object) with it (direct object)


yą́ą́ʼdíłgééd

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yą́ą́ʼdíłgééd

bą́ą́ʼdíshgééd (first-person imperfective singular)
bą́ą́ʼdiilgééd (duoplural first-person imperfective)
bą́ą́daʼdiilgééd (first-person imperfective plural)
bą́ą́ʼdíłgééd (imperfective second-person singular)
bą́ą́ʼdółgééd (duoplural imperfective second-person)
bą́ą́daʼdołgééd (imperfective plural second-person)
yą́ą́ʼdíłgééd (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
yą́ą́daʼdiłgééd (imperfective plural third-person)
bą́ą́zhʼdíłgééd (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
bą́ą́dazhʼdiłgééd (fourth-person imperfective plural)
bą́ą́ʼdííłgeed (first-person perfective singular)
bą́ą́ʼdiilgeed (duoplural first-person perfective)
bą́ą́daʼdiilgeed (first-person perfective plural)
bą́ą́ʼdííníłgeed (perfective second-person singular)
bą́ą́ʼdoołgeed (duoplural perfective second-person)
bą́ą́daʼdoołgeed (perfective plural second-person)
yą́ą́ʼdííłgeed (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
yą́ą́daʼdííłgeed (perfective plural third-person)
bą́ą́zhʼdííłgeed (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
bą́ą́dazhʼdííłgeed (fourth-person perfective plural)
bą́ą́diʼdeeshgoł (first-person future singular)
bą́ą́diʼdiilgoł (duoplural first-person future)
bą́ą́dadiʼdiilgoł (first-person future plural)
bą́ą́diʼdííłgoł (future second-person singular)
bą́ą́diʼdoołgoł (duoplural future second-person)
bą́ą́dadiʼdoołgoł (future plural second-person)
yą́ą́diʼdoołgoł (duoplural future singular third-person)
yą́ą́dadiʼdoołgoł (future plural third-person)
bą́ą́zhdiʼdoołgoł (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
bą́ą́dazhdiʼdoołgoł (fourth-person future plural)

b- (3rd person indirect object prefix) + -ą́- (“passing by, alongside”) + -ná- (“back”, reversionary) + -ʼa- (unspecified person object prefix) + -di- (“relinquish”) + -∅- (3rd person subject prefix)+ -ł- (classifier) + -gééd (imperfective stem of root -GEED, “to stick”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-gééd</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-GEED</i>


halneʼ

hashneʼ (first-person imperfective singular)
hwiilneʼ (duoplural first-person imperfective)
dahwiilneʼ (first-person imperfective plural)
hólneʼ (imperfective second-person singular)
hołneʼ (duoplural imperfective second-person)
dahołneʼ (imperfective plural second-person)
halneʼ (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
dahalneʼ (imperfective plural third-person)
hojilneʼ (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dahojilneʼ (fourth-person imperfective plural)
hweeshneʼ (first-person perfective singular)
hwiilneʼ (duoplural first-person perfective)
dahwiilneʼ (first-person perfective plural)
hwíínílneʼ (perfective second-person singular)
hoołneʼ (duoplural perfective second-person)
dahoołneʼ (perfective plural second-person)
hoolneʼ (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
dahoolneʼ (perfective plural third-person)
hojoolneʼ (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dahojoolneʼ (fourth-person perfective plural)
hodeeshnih (first-person future singular)
hodiilnih (duoplural first-person future)
dahodiilnih (first-person future plural)
hodíílnih (future second-person singular)
hodoołnih (duoplural future second-person)
dahodoołnih (future plural second-person)
hodoolnih (duoplural future singular third-person)
dahodoolnih (future plural third-person)
hozhdoolnih (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
dahozhdoolnih (fourth-person future plural)
náháshnih (first-person singular)
náhwiilnih (duoplural first-person)
nídahwiilnih (first-person plural)
náhólnih (second-person singular)
náhółnih (duoplural second-person)
nídahołnih (plural second-person)
náhálnih (duoplural singular third-person)
nídahalnih (plural third-person)
náhojilnih (duoplural fourth-person singular)
nídahojilnih (fourth-person plural)
hóshneʼ (first-person singular)
hoolneʼ (duoplural first-person)
dahoolneʼ (first-person plural)
hóólneʼ (second-person singular)
hoolneʼ (duoplural second-person)
dahoolneʼ (plural second-person)
hólneʼ (duoplural singular third-person)
dahólneʼ (plural third-person)
hojólneʼ (duoplural fourth-person singular)
dahojólneʼ (fourth-person plural)

ho- (“space, area, things”) + -∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -l- (classifier) + -neʼ (durative imperfective stem of root -NEʼ, “to tell”).

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<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-neʼ</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-NEʼ</i>

Bee nił hodeeshnih.

Shee yił halneʼ.

he/she is talking about, recounting, telling about (is used with bee “about” and bił “to whom”)

Hazhóʼó baa hweeshneʼ.

(with hazhóʼó) he/she explains it (the object is referred by baa)


ánítʼé

second-person singular imperfective of átʼé


háígeed

first-person singular perfective of haigééd


háíshaazh

first-person singular perfective of haisháásh


iizáanii

From iizą́ (“he beats his wife”, from -ZĄ́Ą́ʼ) + -ii (nominalizer).


atooʼ

a- (neutral possessive pronoun) + tó (“water”)


íishłaa

first-person singular perfective of íílééh


naałchiʼ

second-person dual imperfective of naalchiʼ


naołtsoos

second-person dual imperfective of neiłtsoos


íidazhnízin

fourth-person plural imperfective of íinízin


dazhnízin

fourth-person plural imperfective of nízin

fourth-person plural imperfective of yinízin


Naakáí Łibáʼí bikéyah

Naakáí Łibáʼí = naakai (“they walk”) + -ii (“nominalizer”) ("the walkers", probably an early attempt to translate exploradores) + łi- (adjectival) + -∅- (ni-modal 3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -bá (neuter imperfective stem of root -BAʼ, “to be gray”).


dah naatʼaʼí

dah (“at an elevation”) + naatʼaʼ (“it flies”) + -í (“nominalizer”)


tónteeldę́ę́ʼ níyoltsoh

From tónteel (“sea”) + -dę́ę́ʼ (“from”) + níyol (“wind”) + -tsoh (“big”).

Tónteeldę́ę́ʼ níyoltsoh Sandy wolyéhígíí éí kéyah Kin Yótʼááh Deezʼá Hahoodzo nahósʼaʼjí yikʼi chʼíníyá

The hurricane known as Sandy traveled through the New York area.


sháńdíín

shą́ą́ʼ (“sunshine”, incorporated noun) + -díín (neuter perfective stem of root -DÍÍN, “to cast or reflect light”).

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<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-díín</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-DÍÍN</i>


nítʼééʼ

ńtʼééʼ ńtʼééʼ#Navajo


Bitsįʼ yishtłizhii

bi- (“his”) + atsįʼ (“flesh”) + yishtłizh (“brown”) + -ii (nominalizer)

Bitsįʼ yishtłizhii jílį́įgo chánah ídlį́

Native American(s), American Indian(s), indigenous people(s), aboriginal people(s), native people(s)


ídlį́

being, there is being, there is existence


ké ntsaaí

ké (“shoe”) + nitsaa (“it is big”) + -í (nominalizer)

high-top women’s moccasin (includes a leather leg wrap that wraps the lower leg to just below the knee)


chánah

Shiiʼ sizíinii chánah náádleeł.

Chánah nishłį́.


jílį́

fourth-person singular/duoplural imperfective of nilį́


Késhmish Yázhí

Késhmish (“Christmas”) + yázhí (“little”)


chiiłchin

tsi- (combining form of tsin, “wood”) + -łchin (“smells like”), from -ł- (classifier) + -chą́ą́ʼ (perfective stem meaning “smell”, “odor”)


naadą́ą́ʼ łeesʼáán

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naadą́ą́ʼ łeesʼáán

naadą́ą́ʼ łeesʼáán


łeesʼáán

łeezh (“ground, ashes”) + siʼą́ (“it sits”) + -n- (ligature) + -í (nominalizer)

bread (a type made from maize, and baked in ashes or in an outdoor oven)


łeesʼáán yílzhódí

łeesʼáán (“bread baked in ash”) + yílzhód (“it is dragged along”) + -í (nominalizer)


Tązhii Daʼaghał

tązhii (“turkey”) + daʼaghał (“they are eaten”), from alghał (“to eat meat”).


sitʼé

si- (modal) + -∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -tʼé (neuter perfective stem of root -TʼÉ, “to cook — intransitive”)

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-tʼé</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-TʼÉ</i>

Naalʼeełí sitʼéego shił ayóó ʼátʼé.


tsédídéehgo dootłʼizh

From tsédédééh (“Colorado four o'clock”, the flower (Mirabilis multiflora)) + -go (adverbial suffix) + dootłʼizh (“blue”).


atsilí

atsilíkéyóó (plural)
sitsilí (first-person singular)
nihitsilí (duoplural first-person)
danihitsilí (first-person plural)
nitsilí (second-person singular)
nihitsilí (duoplural second-person)
danihitsilí (plural second-person)
bitsilí (third-person)
yitsilí (fourth-person)
hatsilí (fourth-person)
atsilí (indefinite)

sitsilí


ánaaí

shínaaí (first-person singular)
nihínaaí (duoplural first-person)
danihínaaí (first-person plural)
nínaaí (second-person singular)
nihínaaí (duoplural second-person)
danihínaaí (plural second-person)
bínaaí (third-person)
yínaaí (fourth-person)
hánaaí (fourth-person)
ánaaí (indefinite)

alah

brother or sister, sibling of the opposite sex


ádí

bádí (possessed-form)
ádíké (plural)
shádí (first-person singular)
nihádí (duoplural first-person)
danihádí (first-person plural)
nádí (second-person singular)
nihádí (duoplural second-person)
danihádí (plural second-person)
bádí (third-person)
yádí (fourth-person)
hwádí (fourth-person)


naʼashǫ́ʼiitsoh naʼałkǫ́ʼígíí

naʼashǫ́ʼii (“lizard”) + tsoh (“big”) + naʼałkǫ́ǫ́ʼ (“it swims”) + -ígíí (nominalizer)


achʼooní

shichʼooní (first-person singular)
nihichʼooní (duoplural first-person)
danihichʼooní (first-person plural)
nichʼooní (second-person singular)
nihichʼooní (duoplural second-person)
danihichʼooní (plural second-person)
bichʼooní (third-person)
yichʼooní (fourth-person)
hachʼooní (fourth-person)
achʼooní (indefinite)

shichʼooní

comrade, partner, pal, friend, companion, helper (of either sex)


alah

alahké (plural)
shilah (first-person singular)
nihilah (duoplural first-person)
danihilah (first-person plural)
nilah (second-person singular)
nihilah (duoplural second-person)
danihilah (plural second-person)
bilah (third-person)
yilah (fourth-person)
halah (fourth-person)
alah (indefinite)

shilah

Audio: (file) — my sibling (of the opposite sex)

sibling (brother or sister) (of the opposite sex)

first cousin, father's brother's daughter (male speaker)

first cousin, mother's sister's daughter (male speaker)


daakʼos

da- (plural marker) + kʼos (“cloud”). Cognate with Sarcee kʼos, Chipewyan kʼoΘ, Beaver kʼos, Carrier kʼvs, Sekani kʼos, Ahtna kʼos.


naakiishchíín

naaki (“two”) + yishchį́ (“they two are born”) + -n- (ligature) + -í (nominalizer) = naakiishchíní = naakiishchíín


biniiyé

shiniiyé (first-person singular)
nihiniiyé (duoplural first-person)
niniiyé (second-person singular)
nihiniiyé (duoplural second-person)
biniiyé (third-person)
yiniiyé (fourth-person)
haniiyé (fourth-person)
aniiyé (fourth-person singular)
ániiyé (reflexive singular)
ałniiyé (duoplural reciprocal)
ahiłniiyé (duoplural reciprocal)

for its purpose, for that purpose, for that reason


hashtʼeʼ nihénil

hashtʼeʼ (“aside”) + 1st-person perfective form of niyii (“he places it”)

Hooghan łaʼ nahideeshnih biniiyé béeso hashtʼeʼ niheshnííł

I saved money (literally, I have set it aside)


díísh

this?, this one?; these? (interrogative)


háí bi-

Díísh háí bichidí?


háidísh

Háidísh nínízin?


háíshąʼ

Háíshąʼ áńtʼį́?


haʼíí

Haʼíí biniiyé?


haʼátʼíishąʼ

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haʼátʼíishąʼ

Haʼátʼíishąʼ nínízin?


áhátʼíinii

From áhátʼį́ (“happen, take place, occur”) + -n- (ligature) + -ii (nominalizer).


haʼátʼíí

Haʼátʼíí biniiyé?

Haʼátʼíí biniinaa?

Haʼátʼíí yinílyé?

Haʼátʼíí wolyé?


Shádiʼááhjí Honeezkʼazii

shádiʼááhjí (“on the south”), from shádiʼááh (“south”) + honeezkʼází (“an area is cool”) + -ii (nominalizer)


shiiłhash

From yiyiiłhash (“he bites it”). Calque from English bite me.


baa deetʼáanii

baa (“to him/her/them”) + deetʼą́ (“it was given”) + -ii (nominalizer)


awol

shiwol (first-person singular)
nihiwol (duoplural first-person)
danihiwol (first-person plural)
niwol (second-person singular)
nihiwol (duoplural second-person)
danihiwol (plural second-person)
biwol (third-person)
yiwol (fourth-person)
hawol (fourth-person)
awol (indefinite)


Baa Hózhǫ́ǫgo Nee Nínáádoohah

baa (“about it”) + hózhǫ́ (“happy”) + -go (adverbial suffix) + nee (“with you”) + nínáádoohah (“again a year will pass”)


nigan

second-person singular imperfective of yigan


ájiiłʼįįh

usitative fourth-person singular of íílééh


nináháłtį́į́h

nináháłtį́į́h


doo shił yáʼátʼéeh da

I don’t like it (reflects a personal preference).


yáníłtiʼ

second-person singular imperfective of yáłtiʼ


yádaałtiʼ

second-person plural imperfective of yáłtiʼ

third-person plural imperfective of yáłtiʼ


yéiiltiʼ

first-person duoplural imperfective of yáłtiʼ

first-person duoplural perfective of yáłtiʼ


yádeiiltiʼ

first-person plural imperfective of yáłtiʼ

first-person plural perfective of yáłtiʼ


dziʼizí bijáád táʼígíí

dziʼizí (“bicycle”) + bijáád (“its wheels”) + tááʼ (“three”) + -ígíí (nominalizer)


daʼółtaʼ

third-person plural imperfective of ółtaʼ


bíhwiilʼaah

first-person duoplural imperfective of yíhoołʼaah


ííníiltaʼ

first-person duoplural imperfective of ółtaʼ


bídahwiilʼaah

first-person plural imperfective of yíhoołʼaah


íínółtaʼ

second-person duoplural imperfective of ółtaʼ


yídahoołʼaah

third-person plural imperfective of yíhoołʼaah


daʼíínółtaʼ

second-person plural imperfective of ółtaʼ


daʼííníiltaʼ

first-person plural imperfective of ółtaʼ


bídahoołʼaah

second-person plural imperfective of yíhoołʼaah


bóhoołʼaah

second-person singular imperfective of yíhoołʼaah


ííníłtaʼ

second-person singular imperfective of ółtaʼ

second-person singular perfective of ółtaʼ


bíhoołʼaah

second-person duoplural imperfective of yíhoołʼaah


deekai

first-person plural perfective of dighááh


díníyá

second-person singular perfective of dighááh


deetʼáázh

first-person duoplural perfective of dighááh


deeskai

third-person plural perfective of dighááh


deezhʼáázh

third-person duoplural perfective of dighááh


dishooʼáázh

second-person duoplural perfective of dighááh


disoohkai

second-person plural perfective of dighááh


dohní

second-person duoplural imperfective of ní


dishní

first-person singular imperfective of ní


diiʼní

first-person duoplural imperfective of ní


shídóʼ

shídóʼ (first-person singular)
nihídóʼ (duoplural first-person)
danihídóʼ (first-person plural)
nídóʼ (second-person singular)
nihídóʼ (duoplural second-person)
danihídóʼ (plural second-person)
bídóʼ (third-person)
yídóʼ (fourth-person)
hádóʼ (fourth-person)
ádóʼ (indefinite)


hayid

(anatomy) one’s chest, sternum, breast, thorax


hwííshgháán

hw- (indefinite deictic 3rd-person possessive pronoun, one's) + íí- (“away out of sight”, thematized prefix) + sh- (1st person singular subject pronoun) + -gháán (noun stem of root -GHÁÁN, “back, spine”)

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-gháán</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-GHÁÁN</i>

(anatomy) back, backbone, spine, vertebrae


ajéítsʼiin

shijéítsʼiin (first-person singular)
nihijéítsʼiin (duoplural first-person)
danihijéítsʼiin (first-person plural)
nijéítsʼiin (second-person singular)
nihijéítsʼiin (duoplural second-person)
danihijéítsʼiin (plural second-person)
bijéítsʼiin (third-person)
yijéítsʼiin (fourth-person)
hajéítsʼiin (fourth-person)
ajéítsʼiin (indefinite)


hatsʼin

sitsʼin (first-person singular)
nihitsʼin (duoplural first-person)
danihitsʼin (first-person plural)
nitsʼin (second-person singular)
nihitsʼin (duoplural second-person)
danihitsʼin (plural second-person)
bitsʼin (third-person)
yitsʼin (fourth-person)
hatsʼin (fourth-person)
atsʼin (indefinite)


ííshgháán

shííshgháán (first-person singular)
nihííshgháán (duoplural first-person)
danihííshgháán (first-person plural)
nííshgháán (second-person singular)
nihííshgháán (duoplural second-person)
danihííshgháán (plural second-person)
bííshgháán (third-person)
yííshgháán (fourth-person)
hwííshgháán (fourth-person)


hagaan

shigaan (first-person singular)
nihigaan (duoplural first-person)
danihigaan (first-person plural)
nigaan (second-person singular)
nihigaan (duoplural second-person)
danihigaan (plural second-person)
bigaan (third-person)
yigaan (fourth-person)
hagaan (fourth-person)
agaan (indefinite)


azhiʼ

shizhiʼ (first-person singular)
nihizhiʼ (duoplural first-person)
danihizhiʼ (first-person plural)
nizhiʼ (second-person singular)
nihizhiʼ (duoplural second-person)
danihizhiʼ (plural second-person)
bizhiʼ (third-person)
yizhiʼ (fourth-person)
hazhiʼ (fourth-person)
azhiʼ (indefinite)


hachʼoozhlaaʼ

shichʼoozhlaaʼ (first-person singular)
nihichʼoozhlaaʼ (duoplural first-person)
danihichʼoozhlaaʼ (first-person plural)
nichʼoozhlaaʼ (second-person singular)
nihichʼoozhlaaʼ (duoplural second-person)
danihichʼoozhlaaʼ (plural second-person)
bichʼoozhlaaʼ (third-person)
yichʼoozhlaaʼ (fourth-person)
hachʼoozhlaaʼ (fourth-person)
achʼoozhlaaʼ (indefinite)


haniiʼ

shiniiʼ (first-person singular)
nihiniiʼ (duoplural first-person)
danihiniiʼ (first-person plural)
niniiʼ (second-person singular)
nihiniiʼ (duoplural second-person)
danihiniiʼ (plural second-person)
biniiʼ (third-person)
yiniiʼ (fourth-person)
haniiʼ (fourth-person)
aniiʼ (indefinite)


álátsíín

shílátsíín (first-person singular)
nihílátsíín (duoplural first-person)
danihílátsíín (first-person plural)
nílátsíín (second-person singular)
nihílátsíín (duoplural second-person)
danihílátsíín (plural second-person)
bílátsíín (third-person)
yílátsíín (fourth-person)
hálátsíín (fourth-person)
álátsíín (indefinite)


hadoh

shidoh (first-person singular)
nihidoh (duoplural first-person)
danihidoh (first-person plural)
nidoh (second-person singular)
nihidoh (duoplural second-person)
danihidoh (plural second-person)
bidoh (third-person)
yidoh (fourth-person)
hadoh (fourth-person)
adoh (indefinite)


hatsʼíís

sitsʼíís (first-person singular)
nihitsʼíís (duoplural first-person)
danihitsʼíís (first-person plural)
nitsʼíís (second-person singular)
nihitsʼíís (duoplural second-person)
danihitsʼíís (plural second-person)
bitsʼíís (third-person)
yitsʼíís (fourth-person)
hatsʼíís (fourth-person)
atsʼíís (indefinite)


hatłʼaaʼ

shitłʼaaʼ (first-person singular)
nihitłʼaaʼ (duoplural first-person)
danihitłʼaaʼ (first-person plural)
nitłʼaaʼ (second-person singular)
nihitłʼaaʼ (duoplural second-person)
danihitłʼaaʼ (plural second-person)
bitłʼaaʼ (third-person)
yitłʼaaʼ (fourth-person)
hatłʼaaʼ (fourth-person)
atłʼaaʼ (indefinite)


hajáád

shijáád (first-person singular)
nihijáád (duoplural first-person)
danihijáád (first-person plural)
nijáád (second-person singular)
nihijáád (duoplural second-person)
danihijáád (plural second-person)
bijáád (third-person)
yijáád (fourth-person)
hajáád (fourth-person)
ajáád (indefinite)


hatsiiʼ

sitsiiʼ (first-person singular)
nihitsiiʼ (duoplural first-person)
danihitsiiʼ (first-person plural)
nitsiiʼ (second-person singular)
nihitsiiʼ (duoplural second-person)
danihitsiiʼ (plural second-person)
bitsiiʼ (third-person)
yitsiiʼ (fourth-person)
hatsiiʼ (fourth-person)
atsiiʼ (indefinite)


adáyiʼ

shidáyiʼ (first-person singular)
nihidáyiʼ (duoplural first-person)
danihidáyiʼ (first-person plural)
nidáyiʼ (second-person singular)
nihidáyiʼ (duoplural second-person)
danihidáyiʼ (plural second-person)
bidáyiʼ (third-person)
yidáyiʼ (fourth-person)
hadáyiʼ (fourth-person)
adáyiʼ (indefinite)

Shidáyiʼdi neezgai.


hakeeʼ

shikeeʼ (first-person singular)
nihikeeʼ (duoplural first-person)
danihikeeʼ (first-person plural)
nikeeʼ (second-person singular)
nihikeeʼ (duoplural second-person)
danihikeeʼ (plural second-person)
bikeeʼ (third-person)
yikeeʼ (fourth-person)
hakeeʼ (fourth-person)
akeeʼ (indefinite)


anííʼ

shinííʼ (first-person singular)
nihinííʼ (duoplural first-person)
danihinííʼ (first-person plural)
ninííʼ (second-person singular)
nihinííʼ (duoplural second-person)
danihinííʼ (plural second-person)
binííʼ (third-person)
yinííʼ (fourth-person)
hanííʼ (fourth-person)
anííʼ (indefinite)

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-NÍÍʼ</i>


hálaʼ

shílaʼ (first-person singular)
nihílaʼ (duoplural first-person)
danihílaʼ (first-person plural)
nílaʼ (second-person singular)
nihílaʼ (duoplural second-person)
danihílaʼ (plural second-person)
bílaʼ (third-person)
yílaʼ (fourth-person)
hálaʼ (fourth-person)
álaʼ (indefinite)


hakétsíín

shikétsíín (first-person singular)
nihikétsíín (duoplural first-person)
danihikétsíín (first-person plural)
nikétsíín (second-person singular)
nihikétsíín (duoplural second-person)
danihikétsíín (plural second-person)
bikétsíín (third-person)
yikétsíín (fourth-person)
hakétsíín (fourth-person)
akétsíín (indefinite)


akétsíín

a- (indefinite possessive pronoun) + ké (“foot”) + tsʼin (“bone”)


atsʼin

forms -tsʼin (compound)
-tsʼiin (compound)
sitsʼin (first-person singular)
nihitsʼin (duoplural first-person)
danihitsʼin (first-person plural)
nitsʼin (second-person singular)
nihitsʼin (duoplural second-person)
danihitsʼin (plural second-person)
bitsʼin (third-person)
yitsʼin (fourth-person)
hatsʼin (fourth-person)
atsʼin (indefinite)

From Proto-Athabaskan *tsʼən (“bone”). Related to the root -TSʼĮĮD (“to be bony, hard”).


hakʼos

sikʼos (first-person singular)
nihikʼos (duoplural first-person)
danihikʼos (first-person plural)
nikʼos (second-person singular)
nihikʼos (duoplural second-person)
danihikʼos (plural second-person)
bikʼos (third-person)
yikʼos (fourth-person)
hakʼos (fourth-person)
akʼos (indefinite)


habid

shibid (first-person singular)
nihibid (duoplural first-person)
danihibid (first-person plural)
nibid (second-person singular)
nihibid (duoplural second-person)
danihibid (plural second-person)
bibid (third-person)
yibid (fourth-person)
habid (fourth-person)
abid (indefinite)


hagod

shigod (first-person singular)
nihigod (duoplural first-person)
danihigod (first-person plural)
nigod (second-person singular)
nihigod (duoplural second-person)
danihigod (plural second-person)
bigod (third-person)
yigod (fourth-person)
hagod (fourth-person)
agod (indefinite)


nínízin

second-person singular imperfective of nízin

second-person singular imperfective of yinízin


danízin

third-person plural imperfective of nízin


niidzin

first-person duoplural imperfective of nízin

first-person duoplural imperfective of yinízin


daniidzin

first-person plural imperfective of nízin

first-person plural imperfective of yinízin


danohsin

second-person plural imperfective of nízin

second-person plural imperfective of yinízin


nohsin

second-person duoplural imperfective of nízin

second-person duoplural imperfective of yinízin


ohsą́

second-person duoplural durative of ayą́


naadiin shinááhai

I'm twenty years old
I'm twenty years old


tʼáá hó ájítʼéégóó

head

tʼáá hó ájítʼéégóó

tʼáá hó ájítʼéégóó

tʼáá (“just”) + hó (“someone”) + ájítʼé (“he is”) + -góó (“to”)

just do it; just move it; it’s up to you; that’s all it takes (take responsibility for yourself)


naadįįłaʼ

From naadiin (“twenty”) + łáaʼii (“one”).


tʼáágééd

biʼééʼ tʼáágééd


bizááká

with no regard for risk, without regard to risk


ałkʼi

shikʼi (first-person singular)
nihikʼi (duoplural first-person)
nikʼi (second-person singular)
nihikʼi (duoplural second-person)
bikʼi (third-person)
yikʼi (fourth-person)
hakʼi (fourth-person)
akʼi (fourth-person singular)
ákʼi (reflexive singular)
ałkʼi (duoplural reciprocal)
ahiłkʼi (duoplural reciprocal)


áłká

shíká (first-person singular)
nihíká (duoplural first-person)
níká (second-person singular)
nihíká (duoplural second-person)
bíká (third-person)
yíká (fourth-person)
háká (fourth-person)
áká (fourth-person singular)
áká (reflexive singular)
ádíká (reflexive singular)
áłká (duoplural reciprocal)
ahíłká (duoplural reciprocal)


Diyin Dineʼé

the immortal Holy People who created the sun, moon, seasons, and stars.


asdzą́ą́

asdzą́ą́ (possessed form beʼesdzą́ą́, plural sáanii)

beʼesdzą́ą́ (possessed-form)
sáanii (plural)

ʼa- (unspecified person object prefix) + -s- (ligature) + -dzą́ (“pitted, having a cavity or hole”, perfective stem)


Sháńdíín

shą́ą́ʼ (“sunshine”) + -díín (verb stem means light rays, beam)

a female given name, Shawndeen, Sunshine


Kii

a male given name (a common childhood nickname)


adinídíín

ʼa- (unspecified person subject prefix) + -di- (“fire”) + -ní- (ni-perfective 3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -díín (neuter perfective stem of root -DÍÍN, “to reflect light”).


adinídíín

ooljééʼ bee adinídíín

atsiniltłʼish bee adinídíín


ałkʼis

mutual friends (chiefly of the same sex)


sitsʼą́ą́ʼ

sitsʼą́ą́ʼ (first-person singular)
nihitsʼą́ą́ʼ (duoplural first-person)
nitsʼą́ą́ʼ (second-person singular)
nihitsʼą́ą́ʼ (duoplural second-person)
bitsʼą́ą́ʼ (third-person)
yitsʼą́ą́ʼ (fourth-person)
hatsʼą́ą́ʼ (fourth-person)
atsʼą́ą́ʼ (fourth-person singular)
átsʼą́ą́ʼ (reflexive singular)
ałtsʼą́ą́ʼ (duoplural reciprocal)
ahiłtsʼą́ą́ʼ (duoplural reciprocal)


análí asdzą́ą́

shinálí asdzą́ą́ (first-person singular)
nihinálí asdzą́ą́ (duoplural first-person)
danihinálí asdzą́ą́ (first-person plural)
ninálí asdzą́ą́ (second-person singular)
nihinálí asdzą́ą́ (duoplural second-person)
danihinálí asdzą́ą́ (plural second-person)
binálí asdzą́ą́ (third-person)
yinálí asdzą́ą́ (fourth-person)
hanálí asdzą́ą́ (fourth-person)
análí asdzą́ą́ (indefinite)

shinálí asdzą́ą́

my paternal grandmother; my paternal great-aunt

paternal grandmother
paternal grandmother

paternal grandmother, as well as any of her sisters (paternal great-aunts)


análí hastiin

shinálí hastiin (first-person singular)
nihinálí hastiin (duoplural first-person)
danihinálí hastiin (first-person plural)
ninálí hastiin (second-person singular)
nihinálí hastiin (duoplural second-person)
danihinálí hastiin (plural second-person)
binálí hastiin (third-person)
yinálí hastiin (fourth-person)
hanálí hastiin (fourth-person)
análí hastiin (indefinite)

shinálí hastiin

my paternal grandfather; my paternal great-uncle

paternal grandfather
paternal grandfather

paternal grandfather, as well as any of his brothers (paternal great-uncles)


táłkááʼbéésh

head

táłkááʼbéésh


bikááʼ dah asdáhí

bikááʼ (“on it”) + dah (“at an elevation”) + asdá (“sitting”) + -í (nominalizer)


lókʼeeshchąąʼí

baby (of the family), lastborn to a family


bikʼi dah asdáhí

bikʼi (“on it”) + dah (“at an elevation”) + asdá (“sitting”) + -í (nominalizer)


ałkʼésdisí

Literally, twisted at both ends, from ał- (reciprocal) + k'í- (tipped) + yisdiz (“it is twisted”) + -í (nominalizer)


yáál

dį́į́ʼ yáál dóó łitso

dį́į́ʼ yáál dóó baʼąą tʼááłáʼí dootłʼizh dóó tááʼ tsindáo

sixty-three cents (literally, “four bits and in addition one green and three cents”)


atsá biyáázh

atsá (“eagle”) and biyáázh (“her chicks”). Compare Western Apache itsáh bizhaazh (“eaglets”).


éí ííníyą́ąʼgo naaʼdidoolyééł

"if you eat that, your spouse will be stolen"


jooł nabíznítaałí

association football
association football


bééhózingo

bééhózin (“it is known about”) + -go (adverbial suffix)


bééhasin

first-person singular imperfective of yééhósin


jooł iih nálniihí

jooł (“ball”) + iih (“into something”) + nálniih (“it is repeatedly tossed”) + -í (nominalizer)


jooł yikalí

jooł (“ball”) + yikal (“it is swatted, batted”) + -í (nominalizer)


bééhózínígo

bééhózin (“it is known about”) + -í (nominalizer) + -go (adverbial suffix)


yééhósin

bééhonisin (first-person imperfective singular)
bééhoniilzin (duoplural first-person imperfective)
béédahoniilzin (first-person imperfective plural)
bééhonísin (imperfective second-person singular)
bééhonohsin (duoplural imperfective second-person)
béédahonohsin (imperfective plural second-person)
yééhósin (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
yéédahósin (imperfective plural third-person)
bééhojísin (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
béédahojísin (fourth-person imperfective plural)

b- (3rd person indirect object prefix) + -é- (“about”) + -ná- (“around”) + -ho- (“space, area, things”) + -◌́- (ni-modal 3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier) + -zin (neuter imperfective stem of root -ZĮĮD, “to know”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-zin</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ZĮĮD</i>

Eii dinéésh bééhonísin?

Kii Ben Shelly yééhósin

to know (a person), know it, know something, get acquainted with


naaléełchííʼ

Rhynchopsitta pachyrhyncha
Rhynchopsitta pachyrhyncha#Translingual

thick-billed parrot (Rhynchopsitta pachyrhyncha)


Diné bizaad doo shił bééhózin da

Diné bizaad (“Navajo”) + doo (“not”) + shił (“with me”) + bééhózin (“there is knowledge about it”) + da (“not”)


náádamóo

náá- (“again, another one”) + damóo (“Sunday”)


béédahonohsin

second-person plural imperfective of yééhósin


béédahoniilzin

first-person plural imperfective of yééhósin


bééhonísin

second-person singular imperfective of yééhósin


bééhonohsin

second-person duoplural imperfective of yééhósin


bééhoniilzin

first-person duoplural imperfective of yééhósin


tsísʼná bighan

tsísʼná (“bee”) + bighan (“their home”).


yéédahósin

third-person plural imperfective of yééhósin


náádamóogo

náá- (“again, another one”) + damóo (“Sunday”) + -go (adverbial suffix)

Damóo Biiskání náádamóogo


bízháneeʼ

shízháneeʼ (first-person singular)
nihízháneeʼ (duoplural first-person)
nízháneeʼ (second-person singular)
nihízháneeʼ (duoplural second-person)
bízháneeʼ (third-person)
yízháneeʼ (fourth-person)
házháneeʼ (fourth-person)
ázháneeʼ (fourth-person singular)
ázháneeʼ (reflexive singular)
ádízháneeʼ (reflexive singular)
áłzháneeʼ (duoplural reciprocal)
ahíłzháneeʼ (duoplural reciprocal)

tʼáá íiyisíí nízháneeʼ


bitaʼ

shitaʼ (first-person singular)
nihitaʼ (duoplural first-person)
nitaʼ (second-person singular)
nihitaʼ (duoplural second-person)
bitaʼ (third-person)
yitaʼ (fourth-person)
hataʼ (fourth-person)
ataʼ (fourth-person singular)
átaʼ (reflexive singular)
ałtaʼ (duoplural reciprocal)
ahiłtaʼ (duoplural reciprocal)


honeezkʼází

ho- (“space, area, things”) + -ni- (adjectival) + -si- (modal) + -∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -kʼází (neuter perfective stem of root -KʼAAZ, “to be cold”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-kʼází</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-KʼAAZ</i>


Tso

→ English: Tso


naaʼahóóhai bikeetsohígíí

naaʼahóóhai (“chicken”) + bikeeʼ (“its feet”) + tsoh (“big”) + -ígíí (nominalizer)


naʼashchʼąąʼ

simple passive perfective of naʼachʼąąh: the painting of something unspecified occurred, something unspecified was painted.


bíká

shíká anilyeed

for him/her/it/them, after him/her/it/them


nówehjí

further that way; further in that direction


naʼ

Naʼ, kǫ́ǫ́ bááh!

Here’s the bread! (giving bread to someone)

(said when giving someone something) here, take it!


Begay

From biyeʼ (“his son”), a commonly adopted surname when the BIA required Native Americans to take surnames for the purpose of official records.


Nez

From nééz (“tall”), a commonly adopted surname when the BIA required Native Americans to take surnames for the purpose of official records.


tįʼę́ę

Hágoshį́į́, tįʼę́ę!


Benally

From binálí (“his grandchild”), a commonly adopted surname when the BIA required Native Americans to take surnames for the purpose of official records.


Chee

From łichííʼ (“red”), a commonly adopted surname when the BIA required Native Americans to take surnames for the purpose of official records.


bigod

bi- (“his/her/its/their”) + agod (“knee”)


bijaaʼ

shijaaʼ (first-person singular)
nihijaaʼ (duoplural first-person)
danihijaaʼ (first-person plural)
nijaaʼ (second-person singular)
nihijaaʼ (duoplural second-person)
danihijaaʼ (plural second-person)
bijaaʼ (third-person)
yijaaʼ (fourth-person)
hajaaʼ (fourth-person)
ajaaʼ (indefinite)

bi- (“his/her/its/their”) + ajaaʼ (“ear”)


bikʼos

bi- (“his/her/its/their”) + akʼos (“neck”)


bikétsíín

bi- (“his/her/its/their”) + akétsíín (“ankle”)


bikeeʼ

shikeeʼ (first-person singular)
nihikeeʼ (duoplural first-person)
danihikeeʼ (first-person plural)
nikeeʼ (second-person singular)
nihikeeʼ (duoplural second-person)
danihikeeʼ (plural second-person)
bikeeʼ (third-person)
yikeeʼ (fourth-person)
hakeeʼ (fourth-person)
akeeʼ (indefinite)


biyeʼ

biyeʼke (plural)
shiyeʼ (first-person singular)
nihiyeʼ (duoplural first-person)
danihiyeʼ (first-person plural)
niyeʼ (second-person singular)
nihiyeʼ (duoplural second-person)
danihiyeʼ (plural second-person)
biyeʼ (third-person)
yiyeʼ (fourth-person)
hayeʼ (fourth-person)
ayeʼ (indefinite)


yoołkááłígíí

head

yoołkááłígíí

yoołkááł (“to be a certain date”) + -ígíí (nominalizer)


haʼní

ho- (“space, area, things”) + -di- (“oral”) + -∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -d- (classifier) + -ní (neuter imperfective stem of root -NIID, “to say”).
Like with ní (“he says”), di- deletes in the third person, but only optionally: hodiʼní.

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ní</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-NIID</i>

Kinłání doo ayóo deesdoi da łeh haʼní

Flagstaff is usually not very hot, it is said.


bą́ą́h adooleeł

bą́ą́h ílį́
bą́ą́h ílį́#Navajo

third-person singular future of bą́ą́h ílį́


bą́ą́h azlį́į́ʼ

head

bą́ą́h azlį́į́ʼ

bą́ą́h ílį́
bą́ą́h ílį́#Navajo

third-person singular perfective of bą́ą́h ílį́


bą́ą́h ílį́

díí chʼah díkwíí bą́ą́h ílį́?

naakitsʼáadah béeso bą́ą́h ílį́

it is worth, it costs, it is valuable, it is of value


woshchʼishídi

come closer, farther this way, come nearer


woshchʼishígíí

chidí woshchʼishígíí


átʼah

átʼah shaa náádíídaał


tʼááshʼáko

tʼáá (“just”) + -sh (interrogative suffix) + áko (“so then”)

shíká anilyeed, tʼááshʼáko?

is it all right?, is it fine?, is it okay?; won’t you? (asking for agreement)

is it satisfactory?, is it fine?, is it good?, is it agreeable?


tʼááʼáko

shił tʼááʼáko

shíká anilyeed, tʼááshʼáko?

all right, fine, okay; that is okay (showing agreement)

it is satisfactory, fine, good, it’s agreeable


awáalya yaa áhályání

awáalya (“jail”) + yaa (“to it”) + áhályą́ (“he is taking care of”) + -í (nominalizer)


yáʼáhootʼééh

yáʼáhootʼééh

yá- (thematic) + -ʼá- (comparative) + -ho- (“space, area, things”) + -∅- (ni-modal 3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -tʼééh (neuter imperfective stem of root -TʼÉÉH, “to be good”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-tʼééh</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-TʼÉÉH</i>

Shił yáʼáhootʼééh

(spatial person of yáʼátʼééh) it is a good place

doo yáʼáhootʼéeh da

it’s not a good place; the weather is bad; bad times


hwíídéeltǫʼ

spatial-person of yídéeltǫʼ : the place is slippery, there's a slick spot.


tʼeesh

bitʼeezh (possessed-form)
shitʼeezh (first-person singular)
nihitʼeezh (duoplural first-person)
danihitʼeezh (first-person plural)
nitʼeezh (second-person singular)
nihitʼeezh (duoplural second-person)
danihitʼeezh (plural second-person)
bitʼeezh (third-person)
yitʼeezh (fourth-person)
hatʼeezh (fourth-person)
atʼeezh (indefinite)

From Proto-Athabaskan *tʼe̓š (“charcoal”).
This term is also related to the root -TʼÉÉZH (“to blacken with charcoal”).

Gad bitʼeezh


łichííʼígíí

Nominalized and particularized form of łichííʼ


tsindáo

/t͡sʰɪ́ntɑ́ò/


gíinisi

/ˈkîːnɪ̀sɪ̀/


doo asohodéébéézhgóó

doo asohodéébéézhgóó shiʼniidlí


tʼóó báhádzidgo

very, much, a lot, hard, diligently, seriously, badly, extremely, awfully


tʼáá áłah

tʼáá áníidlah (duoplural first-person imperfective)
tʼáá ánółah (duoplural imperfective second-person)
tʼáá áłah (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
tʼáá ájíłah (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)

ʼá- (comparative) + -∅- (ni-modal 3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier) + -lah (imperfective stem of root -LAH, “both”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-lah</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-LAH</i>

tʼáá áníidlah nihiʼniidlí


dinooltłʼizh

dineeshtłʼizh (first-person perfective singular)
diniiltłʼizh (duoplural first-person perfective)
dadiniiltłʼizh (first-person perfective plural)
dinííníltłʼizh (perfective second-person singular)
dinoołtłʼizh (duoplural perfective second-person)
dadinoołtłʼizh (perfective plural second-person)
dinooltłʼizh (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
dadinooltłʼizh (perfective plural third-person)
dizhnooltłʼizh (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dazhdinooltłʼizh (fourth-person perfective plural)

dini- (“approximate color”) + -oo- (yi-perfective 3rd person subject prefix) + -l- (classifier) + -tłʼizh (neuter perfective stem of root -TŁʼIIZH, “to be blue, green”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-tłʼizh</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-TŁʼIIZH</i>


dóoneʼé

clan (specifically, one’s first clan, one’s mother’s clan)

clan (generally, any of one’s four clans, the mother’s, father’s, maternal grandfather’s, or paternal grandfather’s clans)


Shą́ą́ʼtóhí

From shą́ą́ʼ (“sunshine”) + tó (“springs”) + -í (nominalizer).

census-designated place
census-designated place

Shonto (a census-designated place in Arizona, United States)

nv:Shą́ą́ʼtóhí


Náhookǫsjí Hakʼaz Dineʼé bikéyah

náhookǫsjí (“northern”) + hakʼaz (“cold”) + dineʼé (“people”) + bikéyah (“their country”)


haalá áńtʼé

haa (“how”) + lá (exclamatory suffix) + áńtʼé (“you are”)


ąąʼ háádę́ę́ʼ

head

ąąʼ háádę́ę́ʼ?

ąąʼ háádę́ę́ʼ?

ąąʼ (“well”) + háadi (“where”) + -dę́ę́ʼ (“from”) (the word ąąʼ makes it a polite and friendly question)

Hoozdodę́ę́ʼ naashá.


ąąʼ

well?; tell me (a friendly invitation to someone to share his thoughts)


ąąʼ

ąąʼ átʼé

ąąʼ ádoolnííł

ąąʼ ályaa


naniná

second-person singular imperfect active indicative of naaghá


ąąʼ haʼíí baa naniná

(greeting) how are you? (literally, what are you doing?)


jééhkał

bijééhkał

his/her deafness; he/she is deaf, hard of hearing; he/she does not listen

yáadilá njééhkał!

man, you’re deaf! (indicating one’s frustration)


ádinígíí

ádin (“he is absent”) + -ígíí (nominalizer)


tłʼízí yázhí

tłʼízí yázhí

tłʼízí yázhí


adahʼíílį́

anything that is flowing downward, such as water from melting snow, or smoke or fog that flow downward into a valley.


bikʼah

bi- (3rd-person possessive) + akʼah (“fat”)

his/her/its fat (that is produced within the body)


beʼakʼah

be- (secondary 3rd-person possessive) + akʼah (“fat”)

chidí beʼakʼah

his/her/its fat (to cook with, or that lubricates machinery)


shilah

shilah (first-person singular)
nihilah (duoplural first-person)
danihilah (first-person plural)
nilah (second-person singular)
nihilah (duoplural second-person)
danihilah (plural second-person)
bilah (third-person)
yilah (fourth-person)
halah (fourth-person)
alah (indefinite)

my older brother, my older sister (of the opposite gender)

my older maternal cousin (of the opposite gender)

A respectful greeting for anyone of the opposite gender and similar age.


ániid

ániid naashá


áníídí

Áníídí chidí ániidí nayiisniiʼ


chxǫ́ǫ́ʼí

chǫ́ǫ́ʼí (“spoiled, ruined”) + -x- (emphatic infix), a truncation of nichǫ́ǫ́ʼí (“to be ugly, filthy, worn out”) (from the root -CHXǪʼ, “to ruin”), with emphatic infix -x-.

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-CHXǪʼ</i>

nv-link-to-root

ééʼ chxǫ́ǫ́ʼí


yoolééł

yishłééł (first-person progressive singular)
yiidlééł (duoplural first-person progressive)
deíníidlé (first-person plural progressive)
yílééł (progressive second-person singular)
wohłééł (duoplural progressive second-person)
deínóhłé (plural progressive second-person)
yoolééł (duoplural progressive singular third-person)
deílé (plural progressive third-person)
joolééł (duoplural fourth-person progressive singular)
dajílé (fourth-person plural progressive)

y- (3rd person object prefix) + -oo- (yi-progressive 3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -lééł (progressive stem of root -LÁ, “to handle a slender flexible object”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-lééł</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-LÁ</i>

nv-link-to-root

he/she is going along carrying it (a rope-like object)

he/she is going along carrying it (a pair of objects)


yoolééł

bá yoolééł

Abínídą́ą́ʼ chxǫ́ǫ́h shá yooléełgo ńdiishʼnaʼ

I got up early this morning extremely hungover.


neiikai

first-person plural imperfect active indicative of naaghá


naahkai

second-person plural imperfect active indicative of naaghá


naaʼaash

third-person duoplural imperfect active indicative of naaghá


naashá

first-person singular imperfect active indicative of naaghá


neiitʼaash

first-person duoplural imperfect active indicative of naaghá


nidoogaał

third-person singular future active indicative of naaghá


nijiʼaash

fourth-person duoplural imperfect active indicative of naaghá


naahʼaash

second-person duoplural imperfect active indicative of naaghá


nidajikai

fourth-person plural imperfect active indicative of naaghá


nijighá

fourth-person singular imperfect active indicative of naaghá


ńtʼééʼ

past time marker, often translated as: was, used to, and then, but, when

shinálí ńtʼééʼ


ńtʼééʼ

but, so, and, with the result that, when (in a past time context)


nishiitʼáázh

first-person duoplural perfect active indicative of naaghá


nisiikai

first-person plural perfect active indicative of naaghá


nisoohkai

second-person plural perfect active indicative of naaghá


naaskai

third-person plural perfect active indicative of naaghá


nishooʼáázh

second-person duoplural perfect active indicative of naaghá


nisíníyá

second-person singular perfect active indicative of naaghá


naazhʼáázh

third-person duoplural perfect active indicative of naaghá


bááh łikaní bigháhoodzání

bááh (“bread”) + łikan (“sweet”) + -í (nominalizer) + bighá (“through it”) + hoodzą́ (“there is a hole”) + -í (nominalizer)

Bááh łikaní bigháhoodzání hólǫ́ǫ́góó díínááł dóó ahwééh bił díídlį́į́ł!

Go to a place that has doughnuts and have it with coffee!


haʼátʼíí átʼé

head

haʼátʼíí átʼé?

haʼátʼíí átʼé?


adiłgąshii

From adiłgąsh (“s/he practices sorcery”, from -GĄĄZH, “to bewitch”) + -ii (nominalizer).


achʼozh

shichʼozh (first-person singular)
nihichʼozh (duoplural first-person)
danihichʼozh (first-person plural)
nichʼozh (second-person singular)
nihichʼozh (duoplural second-person)
danihichʼozh (plural second-person)
bichʼozh (third-person)
yichʼozh (fourth-person)
hachʼozh (fourth-person)
achʼozh (indefinite)


achoʼ

shichoʼ (first-person singular)
nihichoʼ (duoplural first-person)
danihichoʼ (first-person plural)
nichoʼ (second-person singular)
nihichoʼ (duoplural second-person)
danihichoʼ (plural second-person)
bichoʼ (third-person)
yichoʼ (fourth-person)
hachoʼ (fourth-person)
achoʼ (indefinite)

(anatomy) male genitalia, external sex organs; penis


kwáʼásiní

kwá- (progressive mode marker) + ʼá- (thematic) + -ł- (classifier) + -zin (neuter stem) (from -zį́į́ʼ (perfective stem, concerned with the mind, thinking, wanting)) + -í (nominalizer)

(vocative) relatives, loved ones, friends; especially, the deceased, those who have passed on


-ké

achʼéʼé, achʼéʼéké

ádí, ádíké

ashkii, ashiiké

análí, análíké

atʼééd, atééké

atsóí, atsóóké

atsiʼ, atsiʼké

ayáázh, ayáázhké

ayeʼ, ayeʼké

Pluralizing enclitic, indicating three or more. It may pluralize people only.


áłchínísh nihee dahólǫ́

áłchíní (“children”) + -ísh (interrogative particle) + nihee (“by means of you”) + da- (pluralizing prefix) + hólǫ́ (“there is”)

do you have children
do you have children


dibááʼ

Daʼ dibááʼ nínízin?

Dibááʼ nisin.


dibááʼ nisin

I'm thirsty, I need a drink (nonalcoholic).


dibááʼ shiʼniiłhį

dibááʼ (“thirst”) + shiʼniiłhį (“it began to kill me”)


ahidiitʼash shį́į́

ahi- (each other) + dii- (inceptive aspect) + 1st-person dual future tense of niitʼaash (“to come, to get to a place”) + shį́į́ (“maybe, should”)


Sǫʼtah Anah

/sõ̀ʔtʰɑ̀h ʔɑ̀nɑ̀ːʔ/

From sǫʼ (“stars”) + -tah (“among”) + anaaʼ (“state of war”).


nákʼeeshchąąʼ

nákʼee (“around the eye”) + -sh- (ligature) + chąąʼ (“excrement”)

sleep (rheum found in the corner of the eyes upon waking)


iłhóyééʼ

ił (“with someone”) + hóyééʼ (“things are awful”, neuter imperfective)

Shį́įgo shiyeʼ ayóo biłhóyéeʼ łeh

My son is always lazy in the summertime.


naashzheeh

first-person singular imperfective of naalzheeh


neeshjįzhii

shelled and dried łeeʼshibéézh (corn that has been roasted and steamed in its husk)


aakʼeed

Aakʼeedgo níyol łeh.


shikąʼ

shikąʼ (first-person singular)
nihikąʼ (duoplural first-person)
danihikąʼ (first-person plural)
nikąʼ (second-person singular)
nihikąʼ (duoplural second-person)
danihikąʼ (plural second-person)
bikąʼ (third-person)
yikąʼ (fourth-person)
hakąʼ (fourth-person)
akąʼ (indefinite)

(term of address, endearing) my man, stud


shiʼáád

shiʼáád (first-person singular)
nihiʼáád (duoplural first-person)
danihiʼáád (first-person plural)
niʼáád (second-person singular)
nihiʼáád (duoplural second-person)
danihiʼáád (plural second-person)
biʼáád (third-person)
yiʼáád (fourth-person)
haʼáád (fourth-person)
aʼáád (indefinite)

(term of address, endearing) woman, girl


diniltso

dinistso (first-person imperfective singular)
diniiltso (duoplural first-person imperfective)
dadiniiltso (first-person imperfective plural)
diníltso (imperfective second-person singular)
dinołtso (duoplural imperfective second-person)
dadinołtso (imperfective plural second-person)
diniltso (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
dadiniltso (imperfective plural third-person)
dizhniltso (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dazhdiniltso (fourth-person imperfective plural)

dini- (“approximate color”) + -∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -l- (classifier) + -tso (neuter imperfective stem of root -TSOII, “to be yellow”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-tso</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-TSOII</i>


dinilzhin

dinishzhin (first-person imperfective singular)
diniilzhin (duoplural first-person imperfective)
dadiniilzhin (first-person imperfective plural)
dinílzhin (imperfective second-person singular)
dinołzhin (duoplural imperfective second-person)
dadinołzhin (imperfective plural second-person)
dinilzhin (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
dadinilzhin (imperfective plural third-person)
dizhnilzhin (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dazhdinilzhin (fourth-person imperfective plural)

dini- (“approximate color”) + -∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -l- (classifier) + -zhin (neuter imperfective stem of root -ZHĮ́Į́ʼ, “to be black”).

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-zhin</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ZHĮ́Į́ʼ</i>


dinilgai

dinishgai (first-person imperfective singular)
diniilgai (duoplural first-person imperfective)
dadiniilgai (first-person imperfective plural)
dinílgai (imperfective second-person singular)
dinołgai (duoplural imperfective second-person)
dadinołgai (imperfective plural second-person)
dinilgai (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
dadinilgai (imperfective plural third-person)
dizhnilgai (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dazhdinilgai (fourth-person imperfective plural)

dini- (“approximate color”) + -∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -l- (classifier) + -gai (neuter imperfective stem of root -GAII, “to be white”).

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-gai</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-GAII</i>

it is whitish, off-white, cream-colored, light beige, tan


diniltsxo

dinistsxo (first-person imperfective singular)
diniiltsxo (duoplural first-person imperfective)
dadiniiltsxo (first-person imperfective plural)
diníltsxo (imperfective second-person singular)
dinołtsxo (duoplural imperfective second-person)
dadinołtsxo (imperfective plural second-person)
diniltsxo (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
dadiniltsxo (imperfective plural third-person)
dizhniltsxo (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dazhdiniltsxo (fourth-person imperfective plural)

dini- (“approximate color”) + -∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -l- (classifier) + -tsxo (neuter imperfective stem of root -TSOII, “to be yellow”), with emphatic infix -x-.

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-tsxo</i>


azeeʼálʼį́

azeeʼ (“medicine”) + álʼį́ (“it is made”, neuter imperfective)

Háadi shąʼ Wááshindoon beʼazeeʼálʼį́?


ił hóóyééʼ

ił (“with someone”) + hóóyééʼ (“it became dreadful”, perfective)


hóóyééʼ

hóyééʼ (imperfective singular third-person)
hóóyééʼ (perfective singular third-person)

ho- (“space, area, things”) + -◌́◌́- (yi-perfective 3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -yééʼ (neuter perfective stem of root -YÉÉʼ, “terror”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-yééʼ</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-YÉÉʼ</i>

Tʼóó bił hóóyééʼ.


hóyééʼ

ho- (“space, area, things”) + -◌́- (ni-modal 3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -yééʼ (neuter imperfective stem of root -YÉÉʼ, “terror”).

nv-prefixes

Tʼóó bił hóyééʼ.

Tʼóó bił hóóyééʼ.

to be dreadful, terrifying, terrible, frightening, awful

Bił hóyééʼ.


tłʼeestsooz

tłʼee- (“crotch”) + -stsooz (“a flat flexible object lies”); -tsooz (neuter perfective stem of root -TSOOZ, “to handle a flat flexible object”)).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-TSOOZ</i>


kʼadę́ę

kʼad (“now”) + -ę́ę (“at that time back then”)


héí

emphatic particle, usually inserted at the end of a phrase.


jigan

fourth-person singular/duoplural imperfective of yigan


tʼóó ádíshní

head

tʼóó ádíshní!

tʼóó ádíshní!


są́

są́ʼah naaghááí bikʼeh hózhóón

one (a male) who travels far and wide and lives through old age, and one (a female) who leaves beauty and harmony in passing (many possible interpretations of the saying have been attempted, including: "live in beauty into old age"; "long life and happiness"; "long-lasting life of harmony"; "walk in beauty throughout your life"; "yin and yang")


tó łikoní

[txʷó ɬìkxʷʰòní]

From tó (“water”) and łikon (“flammable”).


áníłʼį́ shoo

áníłʼį́ shoo!

áníłʼį́ shoo!


goshį́į́

okay, go ahead, all right, very well, you're welcome


bíla

shíla (first-person singular)
nihíla (duoplural first-person)
níla (second-person singular)
nihíla (duoplural second-person)
bíla (third-person)
yíla (fourth-person)
hála (fourth-person)
ála (fourth-person singular)
ála (reflexive singular)
ádíla (reflexive singular)
áłla (duoplural reciprocal)
ahíłla (duoplural reciprocal)

it is up to him/her, the decision is his/hers


chxǫ́ǫ́h

chǫ́ǫ́ʼí (“spoiled, ruined”) + -x- (emphatic infix), a truncation of nichǫ́ǫ́ʼí (“to be ugly, filthy, worn out”) (from the root -CHXǪʼ, “to ruin”), with emphatic infix -x-.


hoołʼaah

hooshʼaah (first-person imperfective singular)
hwiilʼaah (duoplural first-person imperfective)
dahwiilʼaah (first-person imperfective plural)
hoołʼaah (imperfective second-person singular)
hoołʼaah (duoplural imperfective second-person)
dahoołʼaah (imperfective plural second-person)
hoołʼaah (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
dahoołʼaah (imperfective plural third-person)
hojiiłʼaah (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dahojiiłʼaah (fourth-person imperfective plural)
hoołʼaʼ (first-person perfective singular)
hwiilʼaʼ (duoplural first-person perfective)
dahwiilʼaʼ (first-person perfective plural)
hwiiniłʼaʼ (perfective second-person singular)
hoołʼaʼ (duoplural perfective second-person)
dahoołʼaʼ (perfective plural second-person)
hoołʼaʼ (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
dahoołʼaʼ (perfective plural third-person)
hojiiłʼaʼ (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dahojiiłʼaʼ (fourth-person perfective plural)
hoséłʼą́ (first-person perfective singular)
hosiilʼą́ (duoplural first-person perfective)
dahosiilʼą́ (first-person perfective plural)
hosíníłʼą́ (perfective second-person singular)
hosoołʼą́ (duoplural perfective second-person)
dahosoołʼą́ (perfective plural second-person)
hasʼą́ (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
nahasʼą́ (perfective plural third-person)
ndahasʼą́ (perfective plural third-person)
hojisʼą́ (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)

ho- (“space, area, things”) + -yi- (transitional) + -∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier) + -ʼaah (transitional imperfective stem of root -ʼĄ́, “to handle SRO”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ʼaah</i>

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ʼĄ́</i>

Shá hoołʼaah !

Bee hooshʼaah.

X shąąh dah hoołʼaʼ.

X-ee shąąh dah hwiiniłʼaʼ.


Etsiddy

From atsidí (“smithy, pounder”), from astsid (“to pound”) + -í (nominalizer).


Tsosie

From tsʼósí (“slender, slim”), an abbreviation of a once longer name such as kiitsʼósí (“slender boy”), hashkétsʼósí (“slender warrior”), cháalatsʼósí (“slim Charlie”), dághaatsʼósí (“the one with a slender mustache”), dinétsʼósí (“slender person”), or hastiintsʼósí (“slender gentleman”).


Cly

From tłʼaaí (“lefty, left-handed one”), from nishtłʼa (“to be left-handed”).


Uintillie

From ayóí (“very”) + áníldííl (“husky”) + -í (nominalizer).


Guy Uskilith

/ˈɡaɪ.əsˈkɪlɪθ/

From ashkiiłgaii (“white boy”), by transposition of ashkii (“boy”) and -gaii (“white”), with the ł becoming -lith.


ahąąh

shąąh (first-person singular)
nihąąh (duoplural first-person)
nąąh (second-person singular)
nihąąh (duoplural second-person)
bąąh (third-person)
yąąh (fourth-person)
hąąh (fourth-person)
ąąh (fourth-person singular)
ádąąh (reflexive singular)
ahąąh (duoplural reciprocal)


head

Jooł Yitalíjí Akéeʼdi Ahąąh Honinééhígíí

jooł yitalí (“football”) + -jí (“on the side”) (=on the field of football) + akééʼ (“behind”) + -di (“at”) (=the final one) + ahąąh (“side-by-side”) + honinééh (“he competes”) + -ígíí (nominalizer) (=playing against one another)

Jooł Yitalíjí Akéeʼdi Ahąąh Honinéehgo Łį́į́ʼ dóó Tábąąhdę́ę́ʼ Giní ałkʼijįʼ ndaané.

During the Super Bowl, the Broncos are playing against the Seahawks.


Hajéí Béédahaniih

hajéí (“the heart”) + plural form of bééhániih (“remembering”)

Ajéí Bééhániih binahjįʼ nijéí bił hózhǫ́ǫ leʼ!

May your heart be happy this Valentine's Day!


Ayóóʼádajóʼnínígíí Béédahaniih

ayóóʼádajóʼnínígíí (“the loved ones”) (from ayóo (“very much”) + ádajóʼní (4th-person plural of love) + -ígíí (nominalizer)), plus the plural form of bééhániih (“remembering”)


Ahééhíshį́į́h

Ahééhíshį́į́h

Literally, it's always summer, from ahéé- (“around in a circle”) + hi- (seriative prefix indicating around and around) + -shį́į́h (momentaneous imperfective stem of root -ZHĮ́, “to become summer”) (compare shį́ (“summer”)).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-shį́į́h</i>

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ZHĮ́</i>

California (a state of the United States)

Phoenix (the capital and largest city of Arizona, United States)


tsékooh hatsoh

From tsékooh (“rock canyon”) + ha- (pronoun denoting space or area) + -tsoh (“big”).

compound

Grand Canyon (a canyon and national park in Arizona, United States)


jį́į́dą́ą́ʼ

Nv-jį́į́dą́ą́ʼ.ogg

Jį́į́dą́ą́ʼ Tségháhoodzánígóó niséyá

Earlier today I went to [and returned from] Window Rock.

today (the part that has already passed) (commonly placed at the beginning of the statement, as “today we did…”)


chąąshtʼezhii

/t͡ʃʰɑ̃̀ːʃtʼɛ̀ʒíː/

mountain springparsley (Cymopterus montanus)


Haashchʼééłtiʼí

haashchʼééh (“god”) + -ł- (classifier) + -tiʼ (perfective stem of -TIʼ (“to talk”)) + -í (“nominalizer”).

“Talking God” (one of the Diyin Dineʼé, Holy People, in the Navajo Creation story; his body is white)


báʼóltaʼí

báʼííníshtaʼí (first-person imperfective singular)
báʼííníiltaʼí (duoplural first-person imperfective)
bádaʼííníiltaʼí (first-person imperfective plural)
báʼííníłtaʼí (imperfective second-person singular)
báʼíínółtaʼí (duoplural imperfective second-person)
bádaʼíínółtaʼí (imperfective plural second-person)
yáʼółtaʼí (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
yádaʼółtaʼí (imperfective plural third-person)
báʼájółtaʼí (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
bádaʼjółtaʼí (fourth-person imperfective plural)
báʼííłtaʼí (first-person perfective singular)
báʼíiltaʼí (duoplural first-person perfective)
bádaʼíiltaʼí (first-person perfective plural)
báʼííníłtaʼí (perfective second-person singular)
báʼóołtaʼí (duoplural perfective second-person)
bádaʼóołtaʼí (perfective plural second-person)
yáʼííłtaʼí (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
yádaʼííłtaʼí (perfective plural third-person)
báʼájííłtaʼí (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
bádaʼjííłtaʼí (fourth-person perfective plural)
báʼíídéeshtahí (first-person future singular)
báʼíídíiltahí (duoplural first-person future)
bádaʼíídíiltahí (first-person future plural)
báʼíídííłtahí (future second-person singular)
báʼíídóołtahí (duoplural future second-person)
bádaʼíídóołtahí (future plural second-person)
yáʼíídóołtahí (duoplural future singular third-person)
yádaʼíídóołtahí (future plural third-person)
báʼíízhdóołtahí (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
bádaʼíízhdóołtahí (fourth-person future plural)

bá (“for him/her”) + óltaʼ (“reading is done”) + -í (nominalizer)

Báʼóltaʼí shíká análwoʼ.

Báʼóltaʼí nishłį́.

báʼííníshtaʼí

báʼííníłtaʼí

yáʼółtaʼí

báʼííníiltaʼí

báʼíínółtaʼí


gh

A letter of the Navajo alphabet, written in the Latin script.


head

naaʼahóóhai bikʼǫ́ǫ́ʼ éí haitʼáo nínízin?


Tabaaha

From tábąąh (“shore, beach”), the water’s edge people (clan).


Hajíínáí

"the Place of Emergence", in the La Plata Mountains of Colorado, where the ancestors of the Navajo people are said to have emerged from the underworld


Tlizilani

From tłʼízí (“goats”) + łą́ (“many”) + -í (nominalizer).


doo bá niséyáhí da

doo (“not”) + bá (“for it”) + 1st-person perfective of naaghá (“is going around”) + -hí (enclitic relating that nothing of significance was done) + da (“not”)


chííh díkʼǫ́ǫ́zhí

chííh díkʼǫ́ǫ́zhí

chííh díkʼǫ́ǫ́zhí

chííh (“red ochre”) + díkʼǫ́ǫ́zh (“it is sour”) + -í (nominalizer)


yáʼátʼééh abínóó

yáʼátʼééh abínóó

yáʼátʼééh abínóó

yáʼátʼééh (“it is well”) + abínóó (morning, in an emphatic shout), a variation of abíní (“morning”)

good morning (shouted at a distance, as across a room)


bíighah

of course!, perfect!, excellent!, awesome!, cool!, right on!, yes!, right on!, it fits well!


bíighah

shíighah (first-person singular)
nihíighah (duoplural first-person)
níighah (second-person singular)
nihíighah (duoplural second-person)
bíighah (third-person)
yíighah (fourth-person)
háighah (fourth-person)
áighah (fourth-person singular)
áighah (reflexive singular)
ádíighah (reflexive singular)
áłighah (duoplural reciprocal)
ahíłighah (duoplural reciprocal)

Sitsilí shíighahdóó neezdá.


sxih

Probably from the English sick. Despite the similarity, sxih is not a derivative of sih.

cool!, awesome!, superb!, fantastic!, groovy!, far out!


ashchįʼ

first-person singular imperfective of achįʼ


léiʼ

a certain, some, a strange, an unfamiliar (connoting a lack of familiarity with)


léiʼ

because, inasmuch as, in view of the fact that


yichʼiish

yishchʼiish (first-person imperfective singular)
yiichʼiish (duoplural first-person imperfective)
deiichʼiish (first-person imperfective plural)
nichʼiish (imperfective second-person singular)
wohchʼiish (duoplural imperfective second-person)
daahchʼiish (imperfective plural second-person)
yichʼiish (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
deichʼiish (imperfective plural third-person)
jichʼiish (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dajichʼiish (fourth-person imperfective plural)
yíchʼiizh (first-person perfective singular)
yiichʼiizh (duoplural first-person perfective)
deiichʼiizh (first-person perfective plural)
yíníchʼiizh (perfective second-person singular)
woochʼiizh (duoplural perfective second-person)
daoochʼiizh (perfective plural second-person)
yiyííchʼiizh (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
dayííchʼiizh (perfective plural third-person)
jííchʼiizh (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dajííchʼiizh (fourth-person perfective plural)
deeshchʼish (first-person future singular)
diichʼish (duoplural first-person future)
dadiichʼish (first-person future plural)
dííchʼish (future second-person singular)
doohchʼish (duoplural future second-person)
dadoohchʼish (future plural second-person)
yidoochʼish (duoplural future singular third-person)
deidoochʼish (future plural third-person)
jidoochʼish (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
dazhdoochʼish (fourth-person future plural)
náshchʼish (first-person singular)
néiichʼish (duoplural first-person)
ńdeiichʼish (first-person plural)
náníchʼish (second-person singular)
náhchʼish (duoplural second-person)
ńdaahchʼish (plural second-person)
néíchʼish (duoplural singular third-person)
ńdeichʼish (plural third-person)
ńjíchʼish (duoplural fourth-person singular)
ńdajichʼish (fourth-person plural)
wóshchʼiish (first-person singular)
woochʼiish (duoplural first-person)
daoochʼiish (first-person plural)
wóóchʼiish (second-person singular)
woohchʼiish (duoplural second-person)
daoohchʼiish (plural second-person)
yóchʼiish (duoplural singular third-person)
dayóchʼiish (plural third-person)
jóchʼiish (duoplural fourth-person singular)
dajóchʼiish (fourth-person plural)

y- (3rd person object prefix) + -∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -chʼiish (imperfective stem of root -CHʼIIZH, “to abrade”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-chʼiish</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-CHʼIIZH</i>

he/she is brushing it, filing it, sanding it


-sh-

tóshjeeh = tó + -sh- + jeeh

a variant of -s- with coronal harmony that sometimes appears as a ligature between the elements of a compound noun.


aʼáád

aʼááké (plural)
shiʼáád (first-person singular)
nihiʼáád (duoplural first-person)
danihiʼáád (first-person plural)
niʼáád (second-person singular)
nihiʼáád (duoplural second-person)
danihiʼáád (plural second-person)
biʼáád (third-person)
yiʼáád (fourth-person)
haʼáád (fourth-person)
aʼáád (indefinite)

atsá biʼáád

níłtsą́ biʼáád

tooh biʼáád

female (usually restricted to animals and nature...it refers to the genitals, so it can be very crude to apply this to a person)


akąʼ

atsá bikąʼ

níłtsą́ bikąʼ

tooh bikąʼ

male (usually restricted to animals and nature...it refers to the genitals, so it can be very crude to apply this to a person)


yáʼátʼóo

A variation of yáʼátʼééh (“it is well”), + yáʼátʼóo (hellooo, in an inquisitive shout)


wónaanígóó

wónaaní- (“the other side”) + -góó (“to, toward”)


Adakai

From adikaʼí (“gambler, card player”), from adishkaʼ (“to play cards”), from adi- (prefix made of indefinite object pronoun ʼa- and di-, a thematic element in bases relating to adultery) + -kaʼ (continuous imperfective stem, to act in a manner involving flatness), + -í (nominalizer).


tʼáá shį́į́ áko

head

tʼáá shį́į́ áko

tʼáá shį́į́ áko


dichin

Daʼ dichin nínízin?

Dichin nisin.


tsiiyéél

sitsiiyéél (first-person singular)
nihitsiiyéél (duoplural first-person)
danihitsiiyéél (first-person plural)
nitsiiyéél (second-person singular)
nihitsiiyéél (duoplural second-person)
danihitsiiyéél (plural second-person)
bitsiiyéél (third-person)
yitsiiyéél (fourth-person)
hatsiiyéél (fourth-person)
atsiiyéél (indefinite)


kojįʼ

ko- (“here (with a postpositional enclitic)”) + -jįʼ (“as far as”)

to here, to this point in time, up to now


sáanii

asdzą́ą́ (singular)
shizáanii (first-person singular)
nihizáanii (duoplural first-person)
danihizáanii (first-person plural)
nizáanii (second-person singular)
nihizáanii (duoplural second-person)
danihizáanii (plural second-person)
bizáanii (third-person)
yizáanii (fourth-person)
hazáanii (fourth-person)
azáanii (indefinite)

From są́ (“old age”) + -n- (ligature) + -ii (nominalizer).


ákʼaʼí

shíkʼaʼí (first-person singular)
nihíkʼaʼí (duoplural first-person)
danihíkʼaʼí (first-person plural)
níkʼaʼí (second-person singular)
nihíkʼaʼí (duoplural second-person)
danihíkʼaʼí (plural second-person)
bíkʼaʼí (third-person)
yíkʼaʼí (fourth-person)
hákʼaʼí (fourth-person)
ákʼaʼí (indefinite)

(dated) maternal aunt (mom’s oldest sister)


Bylilly

From bá (“for him”) + álílee (“magic power”), from álííl (“magic”).


Deschene

From deeshchiiʼnii (clan designation, “red-streak people”).


haitʼáo

haitʼáo sido?

haitʼáo sikʼaz?


tʼááłáʼí góneʼ

tʼááłáʼí góneʼ

tʼááłáʼí góneʼ

tʼááłáʼí góneʼígíí


tʼááłáʼí góneʼ

tʼááłáʼí góneʼ

tʼááłáʼí góneʼ


sédá

first-person singular si-perfective neuter of sidá


sínídá

second-person singular si-perfective neuter of sidá


siiké

first-person dual si-perfective neuter of sidá


jizdá

fourth-person singular si-perfective neuter of sidá


sooké

second-person dual si-perfective neuter of sidá


naháatą́

first-person plural si-perfective neuter of sidá


nahóotą́

second-person plural si-perfective neuter of sidá


jizké

fourth-person dual si-perfective neuter of sidá


ndzíiztą́

fourth-person plural si-perfective neuter of sidá


siké

séké (first-person perfective singular)
siiké (duoplural first-person perfective)
nisiiké (first-person perfective plural)
ndasiiké (first-person perfective plural)
síníké (perfective second-person singular)
sooké (duoplural perfective second-person)
nisooké (perfective plural second-person)
ndasooké (perfective plural second-person)
siké (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
naazké (perfective plural third-person)
ndaazké (perfective plural third-person)
jizké (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
njizké (fourth-person perfective plural)
ndajizké (fourth-person perfective plural)

si- (modal) + -∅- (classifier) + -ké (neuter perfective stem of root -KÉ, “to sit — 2 actors”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ké</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-KÉ</i>

they (2 actors) are sitting, are at home, are waiting


sidá

sédá (first-person perfective singular)
siidá (duoplural first-person perfective)
nsiidá (first-person perfective plural)
ndasiidá (first-person perfective plural)
sínídá (perfective second-person singular)
soodá (duoplural perfective second-person)
nisoodá (perfective plural second-person)
ndasoodá (perfective plural second-person)
sidá (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
naazdá (perfective plural third-person)
ndaazdá (perfective plural third-person)
jizdá (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
njizdá (fourth-person perfective plural)
ndajizdá (fourth-person perfective plural)

si- (modal) + -∅- (classifier) + -dá (neuter perfective stem of root -DÁ, “to sit — 1 actor”).

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-dá</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-DÁ</i>

Bikááʼ dahasdáhí bikááʼ dah sidá.

Shimá bibaʼ sédá.

Kweʼé sédá.

Tááʼ yiskáńdą́ą́ʼ áadi sédáá ńtʼééʼ.

I was there three days ago. (past tense)

dah sidá

he/she is sitting, is at home, is waiting


Ł

In Navajo, the letter Ł is used for a voiceless alveolar lateral fricative (/ɬ/), like the Welsh Ll.


naháaztą́

nahísístą́ (first-person perfective singular)
naháatą́ (duoplural first-person perfective)
nahísíitą́ (duoplural first-person perfective)
nahísínítą́ (perfective second-person singular)
nahóotą́ (duoplural perfective second-person)
nahísóotą́ (duoplural perfective second-person)
naháaztą́ (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
njíiztą́ (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
ndzíiztą́ (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)

na- (atelic, circuital) + -hí (thematic?) + -si- (modal) + -∅- (classifier) + -tą́ (neuter perfective stem of root -TĄ́, “to sit — 3+ actors”).
-TĄ́ functions as a suppletive stem for the neuter perfective aspect of root -BIN, “to sit — 3+ actors”.

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-tą́</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-TĄ́</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-BIN</i>

they (3+ actors) are sitting, are at home, are waiting


head

Dinékʼehjí shíká ʼiʼdoowoł nínízingo, kojįʼ hodíílnih...

Dinékʼehjí shíká ʼiʼdoowoł nínízingo (canonical)
kojįʼ hodíílnih... (canonical)

Dinékʼehjí shíká iʼdoowoł nínízingo, kojįʼ hodíílnih

"if you want help in Navajo, call this number..."


akʼeʼełchí

akʼeʼeshchí (first-person imperfective singular)
akʼeʼiilchí (duoplural first-person imperfective)
akʼedaʼiilchí (first-person imperfective plural)
akʼeʼíłchí (imperfective second-person singular)
akʼeʼołchí (duoplural imperfective second-person)
akʼedaʼołchí (imperfective plural second-person)
akʼeʼełchí (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
akʼedaʼałchí (imperfective plural third-person)
akʼeʼjiłchí (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
akʼedaʼjiłchí (fourth-person imperfective plural)
akʼeʼshéłchį́ (first-person perfective singular)
akʼeʼshiilchį́ (duoplural first-person perfective)
akʼedaʼshiilchį́ (first-person perfective plural)
akʼeʼshíníłchį́ (perfective second-person singular)
akʼeʼshoołchį́ (duoplural perfective second-person)
akʼedaʼshoołchį́ (perfective plural second-person)
akʼeʼeeshchį́ (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
akʼedaʼashchį́ (perfective plural third-person)
akʼeʼjishchį́ (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
akʼedaʼajishchį́ (fourth-person perfective plural)
akʼeʼdeeshchííł (first-person future singular)
akʼeʼdiilchííł (duoplural first-person future)
akʼedaʼdiilchííł (first-person future plural)
akʼeʼdííłchííł (future second-person singular)
akʼeʼdoołchííł (duoplural future second-person)
akʼedaʼdoołchííł (future plural second-person)
akʼeʼdoołchííł (duoplural future singular third-person)
akʼedaʼdoołchííł (future plural third-person)
akʼezhʼdoołchííł (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
akʼedazhʼdoołchííł (fourth-person future plural)

ʼa- (unspecified person object prefix) + -kʼi- (“on top of”) + -ʼa- (unspecified person object prefix) + -∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier) + -chí (conclusive stem of root -CHĮ́, “to come into being”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-chí</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-CHĮ́</i>

he/she/it writes (something unspecified on something unspecified), makes a tattoo, makes a mark


haʼíínílní

be resilient, be strong, stay strong (an expression of support for someone who has suffered a loss)

withstand it, bear up to it, don’t give up


mąʼiiłtsooí yázhí

Vulpes macrotis
Vulpes macrotis#Translingual


jiyą́

fourth-person singular imperfective of yiyą́


niyą́

second-person singular imperfective of yiyą́


yishą́

first-person singular imperfective of yiyą́


nichǫ́ǫ́ʼí

nishchǫ́ǫ́ʼí (first-person imperfective singular)
niichǫ́ǫ́ʼí (duoplural first-person imperfective)
daniichǫ́ǫ́ʼí (first-person imperfective plural)
níchǫ́ǫ́ʼí (imperfective second-person singular)
nohchǫ́ǫ́ʼí (duoplural imperfective second-person)
danohchǫ́ǫ́ʼí (imperfective plural second-person)
nichǫ́ǫ́ʼí (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
danichǫ́ǫ́ʼí (imperfective plural third-person)
jíchǫ́ǫ́ʼí (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dajíchǫ́ǫ́ʼí (fourth-person imperfective plural)

ni- (modal) + -∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -chǫ́ǫ́ʼí (absolute neuter stem of root -CHXǪʼ, “to ruin”)

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-chǫ́ǫ́ʼí</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-CHXǪʼ</i>


ánííʼ

shínííʼ (first-person singular)
nihínííʼ (duoplural first-person)
danihínííʼ (first-person plural)
nínííʼ (second-person singular)
nihínííʼ (duoplural second-person)
danihínííʼ (plural second-person)
bínííʼ (third-person)
yínííʼ (fourth-person)
hánííʼ (fourth-person)
ánííʼ (indefinite)

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-NÍÍʼ</i>


naʼazo

naʼaso (first-person imperfective singular)
naʼiidzo (duoplural first-person imperfective)
nidaʼiidzo (first-person imperfective plural)
naʼízo (imperfective second-person singular)
naʼohso (duoplural imperfective second-person)
nidaʼohso (imperfective plural second-person)
naʼazo (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
nidaʼazo (imperfective plural third-person)
niʼjizo (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
nidaʼjizo (fourth-person imperfective plural)
niʼsézo (first-person perfective singular)
niʼsiidzo (duoplural first-person perfective)
nidaʼsiidzo (first-person perfective plural)
niʼsínízo (perfective second-person singular)
niʼsoozo (duoplural perfective second-person)
nidaʼsoozo (perfective plural second-person)
naʼazo (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
nidaʼazo (perfective plural third-person)
niʼjizo (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
nidaʼjizo (fourth-person perfective plural)

na- (atelic, circuital) + -ʼa- (unspecified person object prefix) + -∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -zo (continuative imperfective stem of root -ZO, “to mark”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-zo</i>

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ZO</i>

he/she/it is scribbling, making marks, writing


yishʼáád

first-person singular imperfective of yiʼáád


ałníʼníʼą́

The perfective form of ałnéʼéʼááh (“it becomes noon”)


wohsą́

second-person duoplural imperfective of yiyą́


niʼáád

second-person singular imperfective of yiʼáád


yíyą́ą́ʼ

first-person singular perfective of yiyą́


yiidą́

First-person duoplural imperfective form of yidą́: (with áde) we are eating too much of it

first-person duoplural imperfective of yiyą́: we are eating it


yíníyą́ą́ʼ

second-person singular perfective of yiyą́


aleeh

áłah yileeh

áłah aleeh

Something is occurring; unspecified subject imperfective form of yileeh.

bą́ą́h ałeeh

bą́ą́h aleeh


azlį́į́ʼ

Unspecified subject perfective form of yileeh (see imperfective aleeh)

simple passive perfective of ałeeh (see imperfective aleeh)


tsédaashchʼíní

upper grinding stone, upper millstone (the mano of the metate), for grinding corn


jííyą́ą́ʼ

fourth-person singular/duoplural perfective of yiyą́


yiidą́ą́ʼ

First-person duoplural perfective form of yidą́: (with áde) we ate too much of it

first-person duoplural perfective of yiyą́: we ate it


yiyííyą́ą́ʼ

third-person singular/duoplural perfective of yiyą́


yóóʼ

yóóʼííyáh


wohʼáád

second-person duoplural imperfective of yiʼáád


wooyą́ą́ʼ

second-person duoplural perfective of yiyą́


yiitʼáád

first-person duoplural imperfective of yiʼáád


yighááh

yishááh (first-person imperfective singular)
yiitʼaash (duoplural first-person imperfective)
yiikááh (first-person imperfective plural)
ninááh (imperfective second-person singular)
wohʼaash (duoplural imperfective second-person)
wohkááh (imperfective plural second-person)
yighááh (imperfective singular third-person)
yiʼaash (duoplural imperfective third-person)
yikááh (imperfective plural third-person)
jighááh (fourth-person imperfective singular)
jiʼaash (duoplural fourth-person imperfective)
jikááh (fourth-person imperfective plural)
yíyá (first-person perfective singular)
yiitʼáázh (duoplural first-person perfective)
yiikai (first-person perfective plural)
yíníyá (perfective second-person singular)
wooʼáázh (duoplural perfective second-person)
woohkai (perfective plural second-person)
yíyá (perfective singular third-person)
yíʼáázh (duoplural perfective third-person)
yikai (perfective plural third-person)
jííyá (fourth-person perfective singular)
jííʼáázh (duoplural fourth-person perfective)
jookai (fourth-person perfective plural)
deeshááł (first-person future singular)
diitʼash (duoplural first-person future)
diikah (first-person future plural)
díínááł (future second-person singular)
doohʼash (duoplural future second-person)
doohkah (future plural second-person)
doogááł (future singular third-person)
dooʼash (duoplural future third-person)
dookah (future plural third-person)
jidoogááł (fourth-person future singular)
jidooʼash (duoplural fourth-person future)
jidookah (fourth-person future plural)

y- (peg element) + -∅- (3rd person subject prefix) +
* ∅- (classifier) + -ááh (imperfective stem of root -YÁ, “to go — 1 actor”)
* ∅- (classifier) + -ʼaash (imperfective stem of root -ʼÁÁZH, “to go — 2 actors”)
* d- (classifier) + -kááh (imperfective stem of root -KAI, “to go — 3 actors”)

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ááh</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-YÁ</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ʼaash</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ʼÁÁZH</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-kááh</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-KAI</i>


náʼáłkad

náʼáshkad (first-person imperfective singular)
náʼiilkad (duoplural first-person imperfective)
ńdaʼiilkad (first-person imperfective plural)
náʼíłkad (imperfective second-person singular)
náʼółkad (duoplural imperfective second-person)
ńdaʼołkad (imperfective plural second-person)
náʼáłkad (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
ńdaʼałkad (imperfective plural third-person)
níʼjíłkad (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
ńdaʼjiłkad (fourth-person imperfective plural)
náʼálkad (passive)

ná- (thematic) + -ʼa- (unspecified person object prefix) + -∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier, thematic) + -kad (conclusive imperfective stem of root -KAD, “to sew”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-kad</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-KAD</i>

he/she is sewing, is a seamstress, is a tailor


yíʼah

first-person singular perfective of yiʼáád


yíníʼah

second-person singular perfective of yiʼáád


yiitʼah

first-person duoplural perfective of yiʼáád


jííʼah

fourth-person singular/duoplural perfective of yiʼáád


wooʼah

second-person duoplural perfective of yiʼáád


jiʼáád

fourth-person singular imperfective of yiʼáád


yiyííʼah

third-person singular/duoplural perfective of yiʼáád


nitʼááh

nishtʼááh (first-person imperfective singular)
niitʼááh (duoplural first-person imperfective)
daniitʼááh (first-person imperfective plural)
nítʼááh (imperfective second-person singular)
nohtʼááh (duoplural imperfective second-person)
danohtʼááh (imperfective plural second-person)
nitʼááh (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
danitʼááh (imperfective plural third-person)
jinitʼááh (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dazhnitʼááh (fourth-person imperfective plural)
neeshtʼááʼ (first-person perfective singular)
niitʼááʼ (duoplural first-person perfective)
daniitʼááʼ (first-person perfective plural)
níínítʼááʼ (perfective second-person singular)
noohtʼááʼ (duoplural perfective second-person)
danoohtʼááʼ (perfective plural second-person)
nootʼááʼ (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
daneestʼááʼ (perfective plural third-person)
jinootʼááʼ (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dazhneestʼááʼ (fourth-person perfective plural)

ni- (thematic) + -∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -d- (classifier, mediopassive) + -ʼááh (imperfective stem of root -ʼAAʼ, “to trick”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ʼááh</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ʼAAʼ</i>

Mąʼii átʼį́ nisingo neeshtʼááʼ.

I thought it was a coyote (but it wasn't).

he/she thinks incorrectly, is mistaken, lit. to delude oneself (into thinking something that isn't)


yibááh

yishbááh (first-person imperfective singular)
yiibááh (duoplural first-person imperfective)
deiibááh (first-person imperfective plural)
nibááh (imperfective second-person singular)
wohbááh (duoplural imperfective second-person)
daahbááh (imperfective plural second-person)
yibááh (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
daabááh (imperfective plural third-person)
jibááh (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dajibááh (fourth-person imperfective plural)
yíbaaʼ (first-person perfective singular)
yiibaaʼ (duoplural first-person perfective)
dasiibaaʼ (first-person perfective plural)
yíníbaaʼ (perfective second-person singular)
woobaaʼ (duoplural perfective second-person)
dasoobaaʼ (perfective plural second-person)
yíbaaʼ (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
daazbaaʼ (perfective plural third-person)
jííbaaʼ (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dajizbaaʼ (fourth-person perfective plural)
deeshbah (first-person future singular)
diibah (duoplural first-person future)
dadiibah (first-person future plural)
dííbah (future second-person singular)
doohbah (duoplural future second-person)
dadoohbah (future plural second-person)
doobah (duoplural future singular third-person)
dadoobah (future plural third-person)
jidoobah (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
dazhdoobah (fourth-person future plural)

y- (peg element) + -∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -bááh (imperfective stem of root -BAAʼ, “to raid”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-bááh</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-BAAʼ</i>


shitéézh

shiitéézh (duoplural first-person)
shootéézh (duoplural second-person)
shitéézh (duoplural third-person)
jizhtéézh (duoplural fourth-person)

si- (modal) + -∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -téézh (neuter perfective stem of root -TÉÉZH, “to lie — 2 actors”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-téézh</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-TÉÉZH</i>

they (a pair of animate subjects) are lying somewhere, are reclining

niteesh

the two of them are in the process of lying down


shijééʼ

shiijééʼ (duoplural first-person)
shoojééʼ (duoplural second-person)
shijééʼ (duoplural third-person)
jizhjééʼ (duoplural fourth-person)

si- (modal) + -∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -jééʼ (neuter perfective stem of root -JÉÉʼ, “to lie — 3+ actors”).

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-jééʼ</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-JÉÉʼ</i>

they (group of 3+ animate subjects) are lying somewhere, are reclining


naaztį́

nisiitį́ (duoplural first-person perfective)
ndasiitį́ (first-person perfective plural)
nisootį́ (duoplural perfective second-person)
ndasootį́ (perfective plural second-person)
naaztį́ (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
ndaaztį́ (perfective plural third-person)
nijiztį́ (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
ndajiztį́ (fourth-person perfective plural)

na- (atelic, circuital) + -z- (si-perfective 3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -tį́ (neuter perfective stem of root -TĮ́, “to handle an animate object”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-tį́</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-TĮ́</i>

nv-link-to-root

they (animate things) separately lie around


naazhtéézh

nishiitéézh (duoplural first-person perfective)
ndashiitéézh (first-person perfective plural)
nishootéézh (duoplural perfective second-person)
ndashootéézh (perfective plural second-person)
naazhtéézh (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
ndaazhtéézh (perfective plural third-person)
njizhtéézh (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
ndajizhtéézh (fourth-person perfective plural)

na- (atelic, circuital) + -z- (si-perfective 3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -téézh (neuter perfective stem of root -TÉÉZH, “to lie — 2 actors”).

they (animate things) lie around somewhere in pairs


naazhjééʼ

nishiijééʼ (duoplural first-person perfective)
ndashiijééʼ (first-person perfective plural)
nishoojééʼ (duoplural perfective second-person)
ndashoojééʼ (perfective plural second-person)
naazhjééʼ (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
ndaazhjééʼ (perfective plural third-person)
nijizhjééʼ (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
ndajizhjééʼ (fourth-person perfective plural)

na- (atelic, circuital) + -z- (si-perfective 3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -jééʼ (neuter perfective stem of root -JÉÉʼ, “to lie — 3+ actors”).

they (animate things) lie around somewhere in groups of three or more


yishʼaał

first-person singular imperfective of yiʼaał


yiitʼaał

first-person duoplural imperfective of yiʼaał


jiʼaał

fourth-person singular imperfective of yiʼaał


niʼaał

second-person singular imperfective of yiʼaał


wohʼaał

second-person duoplural imperfective of yiʼaał


yiyííʼaal

third-person singular/duoplural perfective of yiʼaał


yíʼaal

first-person singular perfective of yiʼaał


yíníʼaal

second-person singular perfective of yiʼaał


wooʼaal

second-person duoplural perfective of yiʼaał


jííʼaal

fourth-person singular/duoplural perfective of yiʼaał


yiitʼaal

first-person duoplural perfective of yiʼaał


yibizh

yishbizh (first-person imperfective singular)
yiibizh (duoplural first-person imperfective)
deiibizh (first-person imperfective plural)
nibizh (imperfective second-person singular)
wohbizh (duoplural imperfective second-person)
daahbizh (imperfective plural second-person)
yibizh (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
deibizh (imperfective plural third-person)
jibizh (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dajibizh (fourth-person imperfective plural)
shébizh (first-person perfective singular)
shiibizh (duoplural first-person perfective)
dashiibizh (first-person perfective plural)
shíníbizh (perfective second-person singular)
shoobizh (duoplural perfective second-person)
dashoobizh (perfective plural second-person)
yizhbizh (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
deizhbizh (perfective plural third-person)
jizhbizh (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dajizhbizh (fourth-person perfective plural)
deeshbish (first-person future singular)
diibish (duoplural first-person future)
dadiibish (first-person future plural)
dííbish (future second-person singular)
doohbish (duoplural future second-person)
dadoohbish (future plural second-person)
yidoobish (duoplural future singular third-person)
deidoobish (future plural third-person)
jidoobish (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
dazhdoobish (fourth-person future plural)

∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -y- (3rd person object prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -bizh (conclusive imperfective stem of root -BIZH, “to braid”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-bizh</i>

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-BIZH</i>

Shimá sání, shitsiiʼ shá nibizh, tʼáá shǫǫdí.

Grandmother, would you braid my hair, please?


yiłchí

yishchí (first-person imperfective singular)
yiilchí (duoplural first-person imperfective)
deiilchí (first-person imperfective plural)
niłchí (imperfective second-person singular)
wołchí (duoplural imperfective second-person)
daałchí (imperfective plural second-person)
yiłchí (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
deiłchí (imperfective plural third-person)
jiłchí (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dajiłchí (fourth-person imperfective plural)
shéłchį́ (first-person perfective singular)
shiilchį́ (duoplural first-person perfective)
dashiilchį́ (first-person perfective plural)
shíníłchį́ (perfective second-person singular)
shoołchį́ (duoplural perfective second-person)
dashoołchį́ (perfective plural second-person)
yishchį́ (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
deishchį́ (perfective plural third-person)
jishchį́ (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dajishchį́ (fourth-person perfective plural)
deeshchííł (first-person future singular)
diilchííł (duoplural first-person future)
dadiilchííł (first-person future plural)
dííłchííł (future second-person singular)
doołchííł (duoplural future second-person)
dadoołchííł (future plural second-person)
yidoołchííł (duoplural future singular third-person)
deidoołchííł (future plural third-person)
jidoołchííł (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
dazhdoołchííł (fourth-person future plural)

y- (3rd person object prefix) + -∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier, causative) + -chí (conclusive imperfective stem of root -CHĮ́, “to come into being”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-chí</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-CHĮ́</i>

he/she is creating it, giving birth to it, laying it (an egg)


jíícha

fourth-person singular/duoplural perfective of yicha


jicha

fourth-person singular/duoplural imperfective of yicha


yiniłbįįh

second-person singular imperfective of yoołbįįh


joołbįįh

fourth-person singular/duoplural imperfective of yoołbįįh


wooshbįįh

first-person singular imperfective of yoołbįįh


yiilbįįh

first-person duoplural imperfective of yoołbįįh


woołbįįh

second-person duoplural imperfective of yoołbįįh


yiłchʼal

yishchʼal (first-person imperfective singular)
yiilchʼal (duoplural first-person imperfective)
deiilchʼal (first-person imperfective plural)
niłchʼal (imperfective second-person singular)
wołchʼal (duoplural imperfective second-person)
daałchʼal (imperfective plural second-person)
yiłchʼal (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
deiłchʼal (imperfective plural third-person)
jiłchʼal (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dajiłchʼal (fourth-person imperfective plural)
yíłchʼal (first-person perfective singular)
yiilchʼal (duoplural first-person perfective)
deiilchʼal (first-person perfective plural)
yíníłchʼal (perfective second-person singular)
woołchʼal (duoplural perfective second-person)
daoołchʼal (perfective plural second-person)
yiyííłchʼal (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
dayííłchʼal (perfective plural third-person)
jííłchʼal (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dajííłchʼal (fourth-person perfective plural)
deeshchʼał (first-person future singular)
diilchʼał (duoplural first-person future)
dadiilchʼał (first-person future plural)
dííłchʼał (future second-person singular)
doołchʼał (duoplural future second-person)
dadoołchʼał (future plural second-person)
yidoołchʼał (duoplural future singular third-person)
deidoołchʼał (future plural third-person)
jidoołchʼał (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
dazhdoołchʼał (fourth-person future plural)

y- (3rd person object prefix) + -∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier) + -chʼal (durative imperfective stem of root -CHʼAL, “to lap”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-chʼal</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-CHʼAL</i>


yiłní

bidishní (first-person imperfective singular)
bidiiʼní (duoplural first-person imperfective)
dabidiiʼní (first-person imperfective plural)
bidiní (imperfective second-person singular)
bidohní (duoplural imperfective second-person)
dabidohní (imperfective plural second-person)
yiłní (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
deiłní (imperfective plural third-person)
bijiní (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dabijiní (fourth-person imperfective plural)

y- (3rd person object prefix) + -∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier) + -ní (neuter imperfective stem of root -NIID, “to say”).

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ní</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-NIID</i>

Dashiłní.


yichʼid

yishchʼid (first-person imperfective singular)
yiichʼid (duoplural first-person imperfective)
deiichʼid (first-person imperfective plural)
nichʼid (imperfective second-person singular)
wohchʼid (duoplural imperfective second-person)
daahchʼid (imperfective plural second-person)
yichʼid (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
deichʼid (imperfective plural third-person)
jichʼid (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dajichʼid (fourth-person imperfective plural)
yíchʼid (first-person perfective singular)
yiichʼid (duoplural first-person perfective)
deiichʼid (first-person perfective plural)
yíníchʼid (perfective second-person singular)
woochʼid (duoplural perfective second-person)
daoochʼid (perfective plural second-person)
yiyííchʼid (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
dayííchʼid (perfective plural third-person)
jííchʼid (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dajííchʼid (fourth-person perfective plural)
deeshchʼił (first-person future singular)
diichʼił (duoplural first-person future)
dadiichʼił (first-person future plural)
dííchʼił (future second-person singular)
doohchʼił (duoplural future second-person)
dadoohchʼił (future plural second-person)
yidoochʼił (duoplural future singular third-person)
deidoochʼił (future plural third-person)
jidoochʼił (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
dazhdoochʼił (fourth-person future plural)
náshchʼiʼ (first-person singular)
néiichʼiʼ (duoplural first-person)
ńdeiichʼiʼ (first-person plural)
náníchʼiʼ (second-person singular)
náhchʼiʼ (duoplural second-person)
ńdaahchʼiʼ (plural second-person)
néíchʼiʼ (duoplural singular third-person)
ńdeichʼiʼ (plural third-person)
ńjíchʼiʼ (duoplural fourth-person singular)
ńdajichʼiʼ (fourth-person plural)
wóshchʼid (first-person singular)
woochʼid (duoplural first-person)
daoochʼid (first-person plural)
wóóchʼid (second-person singular)
woohchʼid (duoplural second-person)
daoohchʼid (plural second-person)
yóchʼid (duoplural singular third-person)
dayóchʼid (plural third-person)
jóchʼid (duoplural fourth-person singular)
dajóchʼid (fourth-person plural)

y- (3rd person object prefix) + -∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -chʼid (repetitive imperfective stem of root -CHʼID, “to scratch”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-chʼid</i>

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-CHʼID</i>


jooʼį́

fourth-person singular/duoplural of yooʼį́


yishʼį́

first-person singular imperfective of yiʼį́


wohʼį́

second-person duoplural imperfective of yiʼį́


yiitʼį́

first-person duoplural imperfective of yiʼį́: we oppose it

first-person duoplural of yitʼį́: we are seen, we are visible

first-person duoplural imperfective of yitʼį́: we are getting along

first-person duoplural of yooʼį́: we see it

first-person duoplural of yitʼį́: we are wealthy in it