jooł

shijooł (first-person singular)
nihijooł (duoplural first-person)
danihijooł (first-person plural)
nijooł (second-person singular)
nihijooł (duoplural second-person)
danihijooł (plural second-person)
bijooł (third-person)
yijooł (fourth-person)
hajooł (fourth-person)
ajooł (indefinite)

From the root -JOOL (“to be spherical”).


dił

shidił (first-person singular)
nihidił (duoplural first-person)
danihidił (first-person plural)
nidił (second-person singular)
nihidił (duoplural second-person)
danihidił (plural second-person)
bidił (third-person)
yidił (fourth-person)
hadił (fourth-person)
adił (indefinite)

Dił ayóó áhálniih!


séí

shizéí (first-person singular)
nihizéí (duoplural first-person)
danihizéí (first-person plural)
nizéí (second-person singular)
nihizéí (duoplural second-person)
danihizéí (plural second-person)
bizéí (third-person)
yizéí (fourth-person)
hazéí (fourth-person)
azéí (indefinite)


béésh ászólí

From béésh (“metal”) + ászólí (“light”).


béésh łikoní

From béésh (“metal”) and łikon (“flammable”).


níłchʼi ászólí

From níłchʼi (“gas”) + ászólí (“light”).


háájiʼjin

/hɑ́ːt͡ʃɪ̀ʔt͡ʃɪ̀n/


béésh dildǫʼí

béésh (“metal”) + dildǫʼ (“tinkling”) + -í (“nominalizer”)


naaltsoos wóltaʼí

naaltsoos (“page, book”) + wóltaʼ (“it is read”) + -í (“nominalizer”)


béésh łibáhí

béésh (“metal”) + łibá (“it is gray”) + -í (“nominalizer”)


níłchʼi yáʼátʼéehii

From níłchʼi (“air”) + yáʼátʼééh (“good”) + -ii (“nominalizer”).


hasbídí

Hasbídí bikʼínílizh!

Pee on pigeons! (what Navajo children used to hear when their teachers at the BIA schools would yell the words, "Speak English!")


ayóo

Hosh ayóo adijił.


dah alzhin

dah (“up”) + alzhin (“something is black”)


beeʼódleehí

bee (“by means of it”) + ódleeh (“to trap”) + -í (“nominalizer”)


naaldeehii

naaldeeh (“they live, they exist”) + -ii (nominalizer)

living thing, animal life, animals, wildlife (excluding plants)


éí doodaí éí

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éí doodaí éí

éí doodaí éí

éí (“that”) + doodaí (“or else”) + éí (“that”)

affix

or, or else, if not, otherwise (Western Navajo)


neestʼą́

third-person singular perfective of nitʼą́


neestʼą́

farm produce, agricultural produce, fruit


tsʼíʼii

From Proto-Athabaskan *tsʼiˑxʸ. Cognates include South Slavey tth’ih.


naʼniłkaadí

naʼniłkaad (“he herds”) + -í (“nominalizer”)


naashchʼąąʼ

Simple passive perfective of neichʼąąh : decorated, painted, colored


sęęs

bizęęs (possessed-form)
shizęęs (first-person singular)
nihizęęs (duoplural first-person)
danihizęęs (first-person plural)
nizęęs (second-person singular)
nihizęęs (duoplural second-person)
danihizęęs (plural second-person)
bizęęs (third-person)
yizęęs (fourth-person)
hazęęs (fourth-person)
azęęs (indefinite)


Damóo Biiskání

/tàmóò pììskʰánɪ́/

From Spanish domingo (“Sunday”) + Navajo biiskání (“on the next day”).


naʼashǫ́ʼiitsoh

From naʼashǫ́ʼii (“lizard”) + -tsoh (“big”).


názbąs

názbąs (perfective singular third-person)
názbąs (perfective plural third-person)
ńdaazbąs (distributive perfective plural third-person)

ná- (“around”) + -z- (si-perfective 3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -bąs (neuter perfective stem of root -BĄ́Ą́Z, “to roll”)

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-bąs</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-BĄ́Ą́Z</i>


chʼosh bikágí ntłʼizí

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chʼosh bikágí ntłʼizí (plural chʼosh bikágí dantłʼizí)

chʼosh (“bug”) + bikágí (“its hide”) + ntłʼiz (“it is inflexible”) + -í (nominalizer)


hosh

biwosh (possessed-form)
shiwosh (first-person singular)
nihiwosh (duoplural first-person)
danihiwosh (first-person plural)
niwosh (second-person singular)
nihiwosh (duoplural second-person)
danihiwosh (plural second-person)
biwosh (third-person)
yiwosh (fourth-person)
hawosh (fourth-person)
awosh (indefinite)

From the root -WOZH (“to be thorny, be prickly”).

Hosh ayóo adijił.


námboo

From English number, from Anglo-Norman noumbre, Old French nombre, from Latin numerus (“number”).


naalté

shinaalteʼ (first-person singular)
nihinaalteʼ (duoplural first-person)
danihinaalteʼ (first-person plural)
ninaalteʼ (second-person singular)
nihinaalteʼ (duoplural second-person)
danihinaalteʼ (plural second-person)
binaalteʼ (third-person)
yinaalteʼ (fourth-person)
hanaalteʼ (fourth-person)
anaalteʼ (indefinite)


tsénił

tsé (“stone”) + -nił (“to pound”), from + -neʼ (imperfective stem of root -NEʼ, “to propel a solid roundish object”). See nił.

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-neʼ</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-NEʼ</i>


nááhai

shinááhai (first-person singular)
nihinááhai (duoplural first-person)
danihinááhai (first-person plural)
ninááhai (second-person singular)
nihinááhai (duoplural second-person)
danihinááhai (plural second-person)
binááhai (third-person)
yinááhai (fourth-person)
hanááhai (fourth-person)
anááhai (indefinite)

From bináhááh (“to be [so many] years old”), perfective tense binááhai, from -hááh (imperfective stem, “to pass a winter, year”).

naadįįłaʼ shinááhai

shichʼéʼé éí łaʼtsʼáadah binááhai

My daughter is 11 years old. (mother speaking)


náʼoolkiłí

náʼoolkił (“it moves slowly in a circle”) + -í (“nominalizer”)

Kii éí náʼoolkiłí bee hólǫ́


hooghan

shighan (first-person singular)
nihighan (duoplural first-person)
danihighan (first-person plural)
nighan (second-person singular)
nihighan (duoplural second-person)
danihighan (plural second-person)
bighan (third-person)
yighan (fourth-person)
haghan (fourth-person)
aghan (indefinite)

ho- (deictic pronoun denoting space or area) + -ghan (verb stem meaning to live, reside)

Hooghan baa hashneʼ dooleeł.
Haʼaʼaahdę́ę́ʼ yah ajighááh. Ákweʼé nitsáhákees silá.
Shádiʼááhjígo dashdiighááh. Ákweʼé nahatʼá silá.
Áádóó eʼeʼaahjígo dashdiighááh. Ákweʼé iiná silá.
Áádóó náhookǫsjígo dashdiighááh. Ákweʼé sih hasin silá.
I will speak about the hogan.
You enter from the east. Here thought exists.
You head toward the south. Here planning exists.
You head toward the west. Here life exists.
You head toward the north. Here wisdom exists.


nizhóní

nishzhóní (first-person imperfective singular)
niijóní (duoplural first-person imperfective)
niilzhóní (duoplural first-person imperfective)
daniijóní (first-person imperfective plural)
nízhóní (imperfective second-person singular)
nohzhóní (duoplural imperfective second-person)
danohzhóní (imperfective plural second-person)
nizhóní (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
danizhóní (imperfective plural third-person)
jízhóní (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dajízhóní (fourth-person imperfective plural)
ízhóní (indefinite-person)
hózhóní (spatial-person)

ni- (modal) + -∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -zhǫ́ (neuter absolute stem of root -ZHǪǪD, “to be nice, beautiful”) + -í (nominalizing suffix), resulting noun later repurposed as a verb.

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-zhǫ́</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ZHǪǪD</i>

it/he/she is clean, good, nice, fine, neat


óltaʼ

ʼa- (unspecified person object prefix) + -ó- (“directed at”, combining form of yíní- in the 3rd person) + -l- (classifier, passive) + -taʼ (imperfective stem of root -TAʼ, “to read, to count”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-taʼ</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-TAʼ</i>

simple passive form of ółtaʼ: reading or counting (of something unspecified) is happening


óltaʼ

Óltaʼgóó déyá


diyin

dinishyin (first-person imperfective singular)
diniigin (duoplural first-person imperfective)
dadiniigin (first-person imperfective plural)
diníyin (imperfective second-person singular)
dinohyin (duoplural imperfective second-person)
dadinohyin (imperfective plural second-person)
diyin (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
dadiyin (imperfective plural third-person)
jidiyin (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dazhdiyin (fourth-person imperfective plural)

di- (“sanctity”) + -∅- (ni-modal 3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -yin (neuter imperfective stem of root -YĮĮD, “to be holy”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-yin</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-YĮĮD</i>


yistłé

shistłeeʼ (first-person singular)
nihistłeeʼ (duoplural first-person)
danihistłeeʼ (first-person plural)
nistłeeʼ (second-person singular)
nihistłeeʼ (duoplural second-person)
danihistłeeʼ (plural second-person)
bistłeeʼ (third-person)
yistłeeʼ (fourth-person)
hastłeeʼ (fourth-person)
astłeeʼ (indefinite)


tózháán

thin (having a thin consistency, as a batter), watery, mushy


łitso

łinistso (first-person imperfective singular)
łiniitso (duoplural first-person imperfective)
dałiniitso (first-person imperfective plural)
łinítso (imperfective second-person singular)
łinohtso (duoplural imperfective second-person)
dałinohtso (imperfective plural second-person)
łitso (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
daaltso (imperfective plural third-person)
jiltso (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dajiltso (fourth-person imperfective plural)

łi- (adjectival) + -∅- (ni-modal 3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -tso (neuter imperfective stem of root -TSOII, “to be yellow”).
The łi- prefix appears to have originated historically from the -ł- classifier. When this prefix appears immediately in pre-stem position, it takes the shape of a -l- classifier.

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-tso</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-TSOII</i>

Tsídii łitso

Tsídii daaltso


łitso

The use of łitso (yellow) to refer to the nickel coin comes from the gold or yellowish color used in the fractional currency note for this denomination during the Civil War.


łibá

łinishbá (first-person imperfective singular)
łiniibá (duoplural first-person imperfective)
dałiniibá (first-person imperfective plural)
łiníbá (imperfective second-person singular)
łinohbá (duoplural imperfective second-person)
dałinohbá (imperfective plural second-person)
łibá (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
daalbá (imperfective plural third-person)
dałibá (imperfective plural third-person)
jilbá (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dajilbá (fourth-person imperfective plural)

łi- (adjectival) + -∅- (ni-modal 3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -bá (neuter imperfective stem of root -BAʼ, “to be gray”).
The łi- prefix appears to have originated historically from the -ł- classifier. When this prefix appears immediately in pre-stem position, it takes the shape of a -l- classifier.

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-bá</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-BAʼ</i>

Biyázhí neiyéhé łibá

Biyázhí neiyéhé daalbá


bichʼah

bi- (“his/her/its/their”) + chʼah (“hat”)


Damį́įgo

/tɑ̀mĩ́ĩ̀kò/


béésh doo ńdiniichxíihii

béésh (“metal”) + doo (“not”) + ńdiniichxiiʼ (“it is rusty”) + -ii (nominalizer)


Ééʼ neishoodii

From ééʼ (“shirt”) + neishood (“he drags it about”) + -ii (nominalizer).


Deeteel Bikéyah

/tɛɛtʰɛɛl pɪ̀kʰɛ́jàh/

deeteel (“moose”) + bikéyah (“their country”)


hodíłchʼil níłtsánígíí

hodíłchʼil (“dense (area)”), from ho- (“indefinite deictic subject pronoun of space”) + díłchʼil (“dense”) + níłtsą́ (“rain”) + -ígíí (“nominalizer”)


Hashkʼaan bikéyah

hashkʼaan (“fig, banana”) + bikéyah (“its country”)

Barbados (an island and country in the Caribbean)


Nahatʼeʼiitsoh Bikéyah

/nàhàtʼɛ̀ʔìːt͡sʰòh pɪ̀kʰɛ́jàh/

nahatʼeʼiitsoh (“kangaroo”) + bikéyah (“their country”)

Australia (a continent and country in Oceania)


naatʼáanii

/naː˨tʼaː˦˨niː˨/

NihiNaatʼáanii Barack Obama éí Wááshindoondi Alą́ąjįʼ dahsidáhígíí yá yilwoł.

President Barack Obama is running for President.


Biʼééʼ Łichííʼí Bikéyah

From biʼééʼ (“his shirt”) and łichííʼ (“it is red”) and bikéyah (“their country”), most likely referring to the red colours used during Soviet times.

Russia (A transcontinental country in Eastern Europe and North Asia)


ééʼ

sheʼééʼ (first-person singular)
niheʼééʼ (duoplural first-person)
daniheʼééʼ (first-person plural)
neʼééʼ (second-person singular)
niheʼééʼ (duoplural second-person)
daniheʼééʼ (plural second-person)
beʼééʼ (third-person)
yeʼééʼ (fourth-person)
hweʼééʼ (fourth-person)

Sheʼééʼ ląʼí.


Táłtłʼááh Chʼosh Bitooh

From táłtłʼááh chʼosh daadánígíí (“shrimp”) (táłtłʼááh (“the bottom of the water”) + chʼosh (“bug”)) + bitooh (“their river”).


niʼ

From Proto-Athabaskan *nʸənˀ (“earth, world, ground, floor”).

inh

niʼ bikááʼ

Hooghan góneʼ niʼgóó ayóo sikʼaz.

(Mythology) one of the four Worlds in Navajo creation story


niʼ

the late (following the name of a recently deceased person), deceased


Dziłgaiitsoh Honeezkʼazii bikéyah

Dziłgaiitsoh Honeezkʼazii (“Himalayas”) + bikéyah (“their country”)

Nepal (a country in South Asia, located between China and India)


tsin

tsi- (in-compounds)
tsin- (in-compounds)


tsídii yáłtiʼí

tsídii (“bird”) + yáłtiʼ (“he talks”) + -í (“nominalizer”)


wáláchííʼ

Myrmica rubra
Myrmica rubra#Translingual


Bééshbichʼahí

/péːʃ pɪ̀t͡ʃʼɑ̀hìː/

From béésh (“iron”) + bichʼah (“his hat”) + -í (nominalizer), referring to the Stahlhelm helmets worn by German soldiers during World War I.


agaanstsiin

agaan (“arm”) + -s- (ligature) + atsiin (“stem, stalk”). Doublet of agąąstsiin.


Héítii bizaad

/héɪ́tʰìː pɪ̀zàːt/


Naakaii náásééł

From naakaii (“Mexicans”) + náásééł (“are coming as a mob”). They say that if you ask a mantis, "háádę́ę́ʼ Naakaii náásééł?" (which direction are the Mexicans coming from?), the mantis will point in the correct direction. It will not move if asked any other question.


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nv:Nahasdzáán Bikáaʼgi Kéyah Naaznilgo Ałhidadiidzooígíí


łichííʼ

łinishchííʼ (first-person imperfective singular)
łiniichííʼ (duoplural first-person imperfective)
dałiniichííʼ (first-person imperfective plural)
łiníchííʼ (imperfective second-person singular)
łinohchííʼ (duoplural imperfective second-person)
dałinohchííʼ (imperfective plural second-person)
łichííʼ (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
daalchííʼ (imperfective plural third-person)
dałichííʼ (imperfective plural third-person)
jilchííʼ (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dajilchííʼ (fourth-person imperfective plural)

/ɬɪ̀t͡ʃʰíːʔ/

łi- (adjectival) + -∅- (ni-modal 3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -chííʼ (neuter imperfective stem of root -CHIIʼ, “to be red”).
Compare Dogrib dekʼo, Ahtna ltʼeli.
The łi- prefix appears to have originated historically from the -ł- classifier. When this prefix appears immediately in pre-stem position, it takes the shape of a -l- classifier.

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-chííʼ</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-CHIIʼ</i>

Tsídii łichííʼ

Tsídii daalchííʼ


łichííʼ

/ɬɪ̀t͡ʃʰíːʔ/


bitʼąąʼ

Díí chéchʼil bitʼąąʼ átʼé


ászólí

áníszólí (first-person imperfective singular)
ániilzólí (duoplural first-person imperfective)
ádaniilzólí (first-person imperfective plural)
áníníłzólí (imperfective second-person singular)
ánółzólí (duoplural imperfective second-person)
ádanołzólí (imperfective plural second-person)
ászólí (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
ádaaszólí (imperfective plural third-person)
ájíszólí (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
ádajíszólí (fourth-person imperfective plural)

ʼá- (comparative) + -ní- (comparative) + -∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier) + zólí (imperfective stem of root -ZÓLĺ, “to be light”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">zólí</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ZÓLĺ</i>


zéédzísgaii

zéé- (“throat”) + dzí- (“streak that stretches away into the distance”) + -s- (ligature) + łigai (“white”) + -ii (nominalizer)


łeeyiʼ chʼosh

łeeyiʼ (“in the soil”) + chʼosh (“worm”)


chʼosh bijáád hastání

From chʼosh (“bug”) + bijáád (“his legs”) + hastą́ą́ (“six”).


bizaʼazis hólónígíí

/pɪzɑʔɑzɪs xólónɪ́kɪ́ɪ́/

bizaʼazis (“his pocket”), from azaʼazis (“pocket”) + hólónígíí (“that which exists”), from hólǫ́ (“there is, there are”) + -ígíí (“nominalizer”)


bijáád

shijáád (first-person singular)
nihijáád (duoplural first-person)
danihijáád (first-person plural)
nijáád (second-person singular)
nihijáád (duoplural second-person)
danihijáád (plural second-person)
bijáád (third-person)
yijáád (fourth-person)
hajáád (fourth-person)
ajáád (indefinite)

bi- (“his/her/its/their”) + ajáád (“leg”)


yoołkáłí

yoołkááł (“to be a certain date”) + -í (nominalizer)


bááh ííłʼíní

head

bááh ííłʼíní

bááh ííłʼíní


náhásdzo yázhí

náhásdzo (“area, zone”) + yáázh (“it is small”) + -í (nominalizer)


łizh

shilizh (first-person singular)
nihilizh (duoplural first-person)
danihilizh (first-person plural)
nilizh (second-person singular)
nihilizh (duoplural second-person)
danihilizh (plural second-person)
bilizh (third-person)
yilizh (fourth-person)
halizh (fourth-person)
alizh (indefinite)


béésh bee haneʼé

béésh (“metal”) + bee (“with it”) + haneʼ (“story, news, tale”) + -í (“nominalizer”)

Naaltsoos yíníshtaʼ ńtʼę́ę́ʼ béésh bee haneʼé diistsʼą́ą́ʼ.

I was reading a book when the telephone rang.


nahaghá

binahaghaʼ (possessed-form)
shinahaghaʼ (first-person singular)
nihinahaghaʼ (duoplural first-person)
danihinahaghaʼ (first-person plural)
ninahaghaʼ (second-person singular)
nihinahaghaʼ (duoplural second-person)
danihinahaghaʼ (plural second-person)
binahaghaʼ (third-person)
yinahaghaʼ (fourth-person)
hanahaghaʼ (fourth-person)
anahaghaʼ (indefinite)


dį́į́ʼtsʼáadah

dį́į́ʼtsʼáadah

/tĩ́ːʔt͡sʼɑ̂ːtɑ̀h/


ashdlaʼáadah

/ʔɑ̀ʃtˡɑ̀ʔɑ̂ːtɑ̀h/


tááʼtsʼáadah

/tʰɑ́ːʔt͡sʼɑ̂ːtɑ̀h/


hastą́ą́

/hɑ̀stʰɑ̃́ːʔ/


tsostsʼidtsʼáadah

/t͡sʰòst͡sʼɪ̀tt͡sʼɑ̂ːtɑ̀h/


tʼááłáʼí

/tʼɑ́ːɬɑ́ʔɪ́/


náhástʼéí

/nɑ́hɑ́stʼéí/


naakitsʼáadah

/nɑ̀ːkɪ̀t͡sʼɑ̂ːtɑ̀h/


łaʼtsʼáadah

/ɬɑ̀ʔt͡sʼɑ̂ːtɑ̀h/


náhástʼéítsʼáadah

/nɑ́hɑ́stʼéít͡sʼɑ̂ːtɑ̀h/


hastą́ʼáadah

/hɑ̀stɑ̃́ʔɑ̂ːtɑ̀h/


tseebíítsʼáadah

/t͡sʰèːpíːt͡sʼɑ̂ːtɑ̀h/


bitiin

his/her/its/their trails, his/her/its/their tracks


tsin bigaan

tsin (“tree”) (short for tsin ííʼáhígíí) + bigaan (“its limb”)


béésh łitsoii

béésh (“metal”) + łitso (“it is yellow”) + -ii (“nominalizer”)


chidí níyizí

chidí (“car”) + níyiz (“it is round and slender”) + -í (“nominalizer”)


Dziłkʼi Dah Názʼéelii Dineʼé Bikéyah

Armenia (A country in the South Caucasus region of Asia, sometimes considered to belong politically to Europe)


chidí bikéeʼjįʼ adeezʼáhígíí

chidí (“automobile”) + bikééʼ (“behind it”) + -jįʼ (“against it”) + adeezʼá (“something extends”) + -h- (ligature) + -ígíí (nominalizer)


bigaan

shigaan (first-person singular)
nihigaan (duoplural first-person)
danihigaan (first-person plural)
nigaan (second-person singular)
nihigaan (duoplural second-person)
danihigaan (plural second-person)
bigaan (third-person)
yigaan (fourth-person)
hagaan (fourth-person)
agaan (indefinite)

bi- (“his/her/its/their”) + agaan (“arm”)


bizaad

shizaad (first-person singular)
nihizaad (duoplural first-person)
danihizaad (first-person plural)
nizaad (second-person singular)
nihizaad (duoplural second-person)
danihizaad (plural second-person)
bizaad (third-person)
yizaad (fourth-person)
hazaad (fourth-person)
azaad (indefinite)

bi- (“his/her/its/their”) + saad (“word, language, speech”)

Kéyah Dańlíinii bikáaʼgi kéédahatʼínígíí bizaad


bąąh

shąąh (first-person singular)
nihąąh (duoplural first-person)
nąąh (second-person singular)
nihąąh (duoplural second-person)
bąąh (third-person)
yąąh (fourth-person)
hąąh (fourth-person)
ąąh (fourth-person singular)
ádąąh (reflexive singular)
ahąąh (duoplural reciprocal)

naałniih yichʼą́ą́h naabaahígíí bąąh dahooʼaahgo

Atiin bąąhgi tsin ííʼá

Dził bąąh yas


dághá

bidághaa’ (possessed-form)
shidághaa’ (first-person singular)
nihidághaa’ (duoplural first-person)
danihidághaa’ (first-person plural)
nidághaa’ (second-person singular)
nihidághaa’ (duoplural second-person)
danihidághaa’ (plural second-person)
bidághaa’ (third-person)
yidághaa’ (fourth-person)
hadághaa’ (fourth-person)
adághaa’ (indefinite)

From adaaʼ (“lip”) + -ghaa’ (“wool, fur, pubic hair”).


ééʼ neishoodii

From ééʼ (“shirt”) + neishood (“he drags it around”) + -ii (nominalizer).


daa-

ndaabaah

form taken by the distributive plural marker da- when found immediately before the verbal stem, indicating three or more participants


adéesʼeez

Nominalization of adéesʼeez (“someone takes a step”), from déesʼeez (“he/she/it takes a step”, from -ʼEEZ, “to step, move the feet”).


ałdóʼ

ał- (“each other”, reciprocal third-person pronoun prefix) + dóʼ (“too, also”)


tʼáá áłahjįʼ

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tʼáá áłahjįʼ

tʼáá áłahjįʼ

always, all the time, constantly, frequently


tʼáá ałtsogóó

tʼáá ałtsogóó

tʼáá ałtsogóó

tʼáá ałtso (“all of it/them”) + -góó (“to”)


háálá

Akʼis tʼááʼaaníinii shá nilį́ háálá Calvary bénáshniih

He is a true friend to me, therefore I remember Calvary.


-ígíí

tʼááłáʼí góneʼ (“first”) + -ígíí → tʼááłáʼí góneʼígíí (“the first (one)”)

naaki góneʼ (“second”) + -ígíí → naaki góneʼígíí (“the second (one)”)


tłʼóóʼgóó dadiltłiʼígíí

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tłʼóóʼgóó dadiltłiʼígíí

tłʼóóʼgóó dadiltłiʼígíí

From tłʼóóʼgóó (“outdoors”) + da- (“plural marker”) + diltłiʼ (“it is burning”) + -ígíí (“nominalizer”), "they that burn outdoors".


doo nidahałtingóó

doo (“not”) + ndahałtin (“there is rain”) + -góó (“along the extension of”)


-ł-

táłtłʼááh = tó + -ł- + -tłʼááh

a consonant that sometimes appears as a ligature between the elements of a compound word.


áʼádaatʼéhígíí

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áʼádaatʼéhígíí

ʼá- (“for something”) + ádaatʼé (“they are”) + -h- (ligature) + -ígíí (nominalizer)


iichʼąhii

iichʼąh (“fall into fire”) + -ii (“nominalizer”): "fire-faller".


iiʼ

shiiʼ (first-person singular)
nihiiʼ (duoplural first-person)
niiʼ (second-person singular)
nihiiʼ (duoplural second-person)
biiʼ (third-person)
yiiʼ (fourth-person)
hiiʼ (fourth-person)
iiʼ (fourth-person singular)
ádiiʼ (reflexive singular)
ahiiʼ (duoplural reciprocal)


biiʼ

in it/him/her/them, within it/him/her/them, inside of it/him/her/them


biyiʼ

shiyiʼ (first-person singular)
nihiyiʼ (duoplural first-person)
niyiʼ (second-person singular)
nihiyiʼ (duoplural second-person)
biyiʼ (third-person)
yiyiʼ (fourth-person)
hayiʼ (fourth-person)
ayiʼ (fourth-person singular)
áyiʼ (reflexive singular)
ałyiʼ (duoplural reciprocal)
ahiłyiʼ (duoplural reciprocal)

in it/him/her/them, within it/him/her/them, inside it/him/her/them


hataałii

From hataał (“he sings”) + -ii (nominalizing suffix).


łą́

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-LĄĄD</i>


kin łání

kin (“house”) + łą́ (“many”) + -í (nominalizer)


kin shijaaʼ

kin (“house(s)”) + shijaaʼ (“there is a profusion of [objects] there”)


bikʼi

shikʼi (first-person singular)
nihikʼi (duoplural first-person)
nikʼi (second-person singular)
nihikʼi (duoplural second-person)
bikʼi (third-person)
yikʼi (fourth-person)
hakʼi (fourth-person)
akʼi (fourth-person singular)
ákʼi (reflexive singular)
ałkʼi (duoplural reciprocal)
ahiłkʼi (duoplural reciprocal)


bikʼé

shikʼé (first-person singular)
nihikʼé (duoplural first-person)
nikʼé (second-person singular)
nihikʼé (duoplural second-person)
bikʼé (third-person)
yikʼé (fourth-person)
hakʼé (fourth-person)
akʼé (fourth-person singular)
ákʼé (reflexive singular)
ałkʼé (duoplural reciprocal)
ahiłkʼé (duoplural reciprocal)

for it (in payment), in compensation for it


yikááʼ

shikááʼ (first-person singular)
nihikááʼ (duoplural first-person)
nikááʼ (second-person singular)
nihikááʼ (duoplural second-person)
bikááʼ (third-person)
yikááʼ (fourth-person)
hakááʼ (fourth-person)
akááʼ (fourth-person singular)
ákááʼ (reflexive singular)
ałkááʼ (duoplural reciprocal)
ahiłkááʼ (duoplural reciprocal)


yáʼátʼééh

/jáʔátʼɛ́ːh/

yá- (thematic) + -ʼá- (comparative) + -∅- (ni-modal 3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -tʼééh (neuter imperfective stem of root -TʼÉÉH, “to be good”).
Often anglicized as "yatahey" or "yah-ta-hey".

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-tʼééh</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-TʼÉÉH</i>


yáʼátʼééh

yáʼáníshtʼééh (first-person imperfective singular)
yáʼániitʼééh (duoplural first-person imperfective)
yáʼádaniitʼééh (first-person imperfective plural)
yáʼánítʼééh (imperfective second-person singular)
yáʼánóhtʼééh (duoplural imperfective second-person)
yáʼádanohtʼééh (imperfective plural second-person)
yáʼátʼééh (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
yáʼádaatʼééh (imperfective plural third-person)
yáʼájítʼééh (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
yáʼádajitʼééh (fourth-person imperfective plural)
yáʼáhootʼééh (spatial-person)

/jáʔátʼɛ́ːh/

yáʼátʼééh náshdleeł

doo yáʼátʼéeh da

yáʼáníshtʼééh

yáʼánítʼééhísh

shił yáʼátʼééh

I like it (reflects a personal preference).

doo shił yáʼátʼéeh da

I don’t like it (reflects a personal preference).

Díí naaltsoos shił yáʼátʼééh

Éí movie nił yáʼátʼééh yaʼ

Aooʼ, áh yáʼátʼééh


Naakétłʼáhí

From anaaʼ (“enemy, alien”) + kétłʼááh (“footsole”) + -í (nominalizer).


naaldlooshii dadichʼízhii

naaldloosh (“it is trotting about”, from -DLOOZH, “to go on all four”) + -ii (nominalizer) + da- (plural prefix) + dichʼíízh (“rough, scaly”, from -CHʼIIZH, “to abrade”) + -ii (nominalizer)


bisóodi ałchiní

bisóodi (“pig”) + ałchin (“wild”) + -í (“nominalizer”)


Bilagáana bizaad doo shił bééhózin da

I don't speak English
I don't speak English


atseełtsoii

atseeʼ (“tail”) + łitso (“it is yellow”) + -ii (nominalizer)


ts

A letter of the Navajo alphabet, written in the Latin script.


Shádiʼááhjí kéyah yistinígíí

shádiʼááhjí (“on the south”), from shádiʼááh (“south”) + kéyah (“land”) + yistinígíí (“which is frozen”), from yistin (“it is frozen”)


Kin Łání

kin (“house”) + łą́ (“many”) + nv (nominalizer) + -í

affix

Durango (a city, the county seat of La Plata County, Colorado, United States)

Flagstaff (a city, the county seat of Coconino County, Arizona, United States)


dzidzé łikaní dinilchííʼígíí

dzidzé (“berry”) + łikan (“it is sweet”) + -í (“nominalizer”) + dinilchííʼ (“pink”) + -ígíí (“nominalizer”)


Béésh Łichíiʼii bikéyah

/péːʃ ɬɪ̀t͡ʃʰíːʔ pɪ̀kʰɛ́jàh/

From béésh łichíiʼii (“copper”) + bikéyah (“their country”).

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English

Cyprus (an island and country in the Mediterranean Sea, normally considered politically part of Southeast Europe but geographically part of Western Asia)


chʼil bílátah hózhóón

chʼil (“plant”) + bílátah (“its tips”) + hózhóón (“it is beautiful”)


chʼilátah baa hózhónii

chʼil (“plant”) + álátah (“tips”) + baa (“about it”) + hózhǫ́ (“it is beautiful”) + -ii (nominalizer)


ééʼneishoodii bikin

From ééʼ (“shirt”) + neishoodii (“what he drags around”) + bikin (“his house”).


álázhoozh

shílázhoozh (first-person singular)
nihílázhoozh (duoplural first-person)
danihílázhoozh (first-person plural)
nílázhoozh (second-person singular)
nihílázhoozh (duoplural second-person)
danihílázhoozh (plural second-person)
bílázhoozh (third-person)
yílázhoozh (fourth-person)
hálázhoozh (fourth-person)
álázhoozh (indefinite)

/ʔɑ́lɑ́ʒòːʒ/

álaʼ (“hand”) + -zhoozh (perfective verb stem meaning a group of slender things that are arranged side-by-side in parallel), from Proto-Athabaskan *zhu̓zh, from Pre-Proto-Athabaskan *shuʼsh (possibly meaning to “move or lie in a bunch or pile”).


naʼanish

naʼanish (imperfective singular third-person)
naʼazhnish (perfective singular third-person)
nʼdoonish (future singular third-person)

na- (atelic, circuital) + -ʼa- (unspecified person subject prefix) + -∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -nish (continuative imperfective stem of root -NISH, “to work”).
Replacing the unspecified subject prefix -ʼa- with the null third-person prefix -∅- and the null classifier with -l- produces the related verb naalnish.

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-nish</i>

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-NISH</i>


ił

biʼiil (possessed-form)
shiʼiil (first-person singular)
nihiʼiil (duoplural first-person)
danihiʼiil (first-person plural)
niʼiil (second-person singular)
nihiʼiil (duoplural second-person)
danihiʼiil (plural second-person)
biʼiil (third-person)
yiʼiil (fourth-person)
hwiʼiil (fourth-person)

conifer needle, pine needle, evergreen branch


Į

Į = /ɪ̃˨/

Į́ = /ɪ̃˥/

ĮĮ = /ĩː˨˨/

Į́Į = /ĩː˥˨/

ĮĮ́ = /ĩː˨˥/

Į́Į́ = /ĩː˥˥/


bééhózin

b- (3rd person indirect object prefix) + -é- (“about”) + -ná- (“around”) + -ho- (“space, area, things”) + -◌́- (ni-modal 3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -zin (neuter imperfective stem of root -ZĮĮD, “to know”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-zin</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ZĮĮD</i>

Shił bééhózin

I know it, know about it (literally, “knowledge is with me”)

Doo bił bééhózin da

She/he/it doesn't know it, doesn't know about it

Tʼáadoo bił bééhóziní da

Doo bééhózin da

it is lost, it has vanished (as a pet or a child) (literally, “its whereabouts are not known”)

it is known about, there is knowledge about it, to know about something


jádídlǫ́ʼii

/t͡ʃɑ́.tɪ́.t͡lṍ.ʔìː/


akʼǫ́ǫ́ʼ

shikʼǫ́ǫ́ʼ (first-person singular)
nihikʼǫ́ǫ́ʼ (duoplural first-person)
danihikʼǫ́ǫ́ʼ (first-person plural)
nikʼǫ́ǫ́ʼ (second-person singular)
nihikʼǫ́ǫ́ʼ (duoplural second-person)
danihikʼǫ́ǫ́ʼ (plural second-person)
bikʼǫ́ǫ́ʼ (third-person)
yikʼǫ́ǫ́ʼ (fourth-person)
hakʼǫ́ǫ́ʼ (fourth-person)
akʼǫ́ǫ́ʼ (indefinite)
sheʼakʼǫ́ǫ́ʼ (first-person singular)
niheʼakʼǫ́ǫ́ʼ (duoplural first-person)
daniheʼakʼǫ́ǫ́ʼ (first-person plural)
neʼakʼǫ́ǫ́ʼ (second-person singular)
niheʼakʼǫ́ǫ́ʼ (duoplural second-person)
daniheʼakʼǫ́ǫ́ʼ (plural second-person)
beʼakʼǫ́ǫ́ʼ (third-person)
yeʼakʼǫ́ǫ́ʼ (fourth-person)
hweʼakʼǫ́ǫ́ʼ (fourth-person)

seed, pit, stone (of fruits such as peaches, plums)

binááʼ

plant seed, seeds of trees other than fruit trees, such as acorn

kʼeelyéí

seeds of cultivated plants such as corn, grain, garden crops


chʼį́įdiitah

chʼį́įdii (“evil spirit, ghost, devil”) + -tah (“place where”)


adeeʼ

shideeʼ (first-person singular)
nihideeʼ (duoplural first-person)
danihideeʼ (first-person plural)
nideeʼ (second-person singular)
nihideeʼ (duoplural second-person)
danihideeʼ (plural second-person)
bideeʼ (third-person)
yideeʼ (fourth-person)
hadeeʼ (fourth-person)
adeeʼ (indefinite)
sheʼadeeʼ (first-person singular)
niheʼadeeʼ (duoplural first-person)
daniheʼadeeʼ (first-person plural)
neʼadeeʼ (second-person singular)
niheʼadeeʼ (duoplural second-person)
daniheʼadeeʼ (plural second-person)
beʼadeeʼ (third-person)
yeʼadeeʼ (fourth-person)
hweʼadeeʼ (fourth-person)

In Navajo culture, spoons were originally made of deer antler, and the word adeeʼ (originally meaning "antler" or "horn"), in the meaning of "spoon," was kept even as spoons were later made from the dried fruits of the gourd (ndilkal) plant. Since adeeʼ is no longer used to mean "deer antler," it becomes independent in that meaning and grammatically loses its inalienable status: bįįh bideeʼ (deer's horn), beʼadeeʼ ("his spoon").

antler, horn, tusk, antenna (of an animal)

Lagenaria siceraria
Lagenaria siceraria#Translingual

bottle gourd, calabash vine (Lagenaria siceraria)

gourd (the dried and hardened shell of a gourd fruit)


tłʼéhonaaʼéí

head

tłʼéhonaaʼéí

From tłʼéeʼgo (“during the night”) + honaaʼá (“a solid roundish object moves around in a space”) + -í (nominalizer).


ooljééʼ

From oo- (object-subject pronoun meaning “something”) + -l- (classifier) + -jééʼ (obsolete verb stem meaning “to shine”). Cognate with Ahtna dzaes (“shine”) and dzaen (“day”), and probably with Ket qīp (“moon”).


chéchʼil

Variant of tséchʼil, with the tsé changing under influence from the ch in chʼil.
Compound of tsé (“stone”) + chʼil (“plant”), likely in reference to the hardness of the wood.


wódítłʼooí

wó- (“insect, bug”) + ditłʼooí (“the hairy one”), from ditłʼo (“it is hairy, hirsute”) + -í (“nominalizer”)


chʼosh ditłʼooí

chʼosh (“bug, worm”) + ditłʼooí (“the hairy one”), from ditłʼo (“it is hairy, hirsute”) + -í (“nominalizer”)


naalkaah

ániʼ dóó ntsékees naalkaah

béésh naalkaah

bílaʼashdlaʼii dóó áłʼąą dineʼé naalkaah

chidí naatʼaʼí áłʼį́įgi naalkaah

chʼil naalkaah

chʼosh doo yitʼíinii naalkaah

Diné Bizaad Naalkaah

naaldeehii naalkaah

nahasdzáán naalkaah

naʼiiniʼ naalkaah

saad naalkaah

sǫʼ naalkaah

táyiʼ naaldeehii naalkaah

tłʼóoʼdi áhootʼéhii naalkaah

tónteel naalkaah


azeeniłchin

Literally, a (medicinal) herb which has an odor, from azeeʼ (“medicine”) + niłchin (“it has an odor”, neuter imperfective)


tłʼoh naadą́ą́ʼ

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tłʼoh naadą́ą́ʼ

tłʼoh naadą́ą́ʼ


azeedíchʼííʼ

/ʔàzèːtɪ́t͡ʃʼíːʔ/

azeeʼ (“medicine”) + díchʼííʼ (“hot, piquant”)

af

azeedíchʼííʼ daaltsogo ayóo dadíchʼíʼígíí


kʼíshíshjį́į́zh

/kʼɪ́.ʃɪ́ʃ.t͡ʃĩ́ːʒ/

kʼí‧shísh‧jį́į́zh


ndíyíliitsoh

/ǹ̩tɪ́jɪ́lìːt͡soh/


kʼįįʼ

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kʼįįʼ (compound forms kʼįį-, kʼįįsh-, kʼii-)

forms kʼįį- (compound)
kʼįįsh- (compound)
kʼii- (compound)


kʼįįʼ báhádzidígíí

kʼįįʼ báhádzidígíí

kʼįįʼ báhádzidígíí

kʼįįʼ (“sumac”) + báhádzidígíí (“frightful, terrible”), from báhádzidii (“fearful thing”) + -ígíí (“nominalizer”)


ábishjaaʼ

chʼosh doo yitʼíinii dláádí dóó ábishjaaʼ


chʼil bikétłʼóól dijoolí

chʼil (“plant”) + bikétłʼóól (“its roots”) + dijool (“it is spherical”) + -í (“nominalizer”)


bilasáana bitseeʼ hólóní

bilasáana (“apple”) + bitseeʼ (“its tail”), from atseeʼ (“tail”) + hólóní (“the one that exists”), from hólǫ́ (“there is”) + -í (“nominalizer”)


chʼil dootłʼizhí díkʼǫ́zhígíí

chʼil (“plant”) + dootłʼizh (“it is green”) + -í (nominalizer) + díkʼǫ́ǫ́zh (“sour, alkaline”) + -ígíí (nominalizer)


yáʼąąsh

heaven, celestial space, region beyond the sky


kʼíníjíłʼahí

kʼíníjíłʼahí


Táiwáán

/tʰɑ́ɪ̀wɑ́ːn/

From English Taiwan, from Mandarin 臺灣／台湾 (Táiwān), from Literary Chinese 臺灣, from Hokkien 大員 (Tāi-oân), 大圓, 臺員, 大灣, 臺灣, etc., from possibly Siraya.


hólǫ́

honishłǫ́ (first-person imperfective singular)
honiidlǫ́ (duoplural first-person imperfective)
dahoniidlǫ́ (first-person imperfective plural)
honílǫ́ (imperfective second-person singular)
honohłǫ́ (duoplural imperfective second-person)
dahonohłǫ́ (imperfective plural second-person)
hólǫ́ (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
dahólǫ́ (imperfective plural third-person)
hojílǫ́ (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dahojílǫ́ (fourth-person imperfective plural)

ho- (“space, area, things”) + -◌́- (ni-modal 3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -lǫ́ (neuter imperfective stem of root -LĮĮD, “to exist”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-lǫ́</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-LĮĮD</i>

tó hólǫ́

Kii bimá dóó bizhéʼé hólǫ́.

Kii bimá dóó bizhéʼé bighan hólǫ́.


tódiłhił

tó (“water”) + diłhił (“it causes dizziness”)


wáán

Borrowed from English wine, from Middle English win, from Old English wīn, from Proto-West Germanic *wīn, from Latin vīnum.


Bóhólníihii bisodizin

bóhólnííh (“he is in authority”) + -ii (“nominalizer”) + bi- (“his”) + sodizin (“prayer”)

The Lord's Prayer. See the citations page.


doodaiiʼ

or, or else, either ... or, if not, otherwise


shį́

From the root -ZHĮ́ (“to become summer”).

Shį́įgo deesdoi łeh.


daadánígíí

/tɑ̀ːtɑ́nɪ́kíː/


aakʼee

aakʼeego níyol łeh


chʼilátah baa hózhónii bijeeh

chʼilátah baa hózhónii (“flower”) + bijeeh (“its resin”)


Biʼednam

nv:Tábąąh Binááʼádaałtsʼózí Dootłʼizhí Bikéyah


ajéí

shijéí (first-person singular)
nihijéí (duoplural first-person)
danihijéí (first-person plural)
nijéí (second-person singular)
nihijéí (duoplural second-person)
danihijéí (plural second-person)
bijéí (third-person)
yijéí (fourth-person)
hajéí (fourth-person)
ajéí (indefinite)

a- (indefinite possessive pronoun) + -jéí (“thoracic organs, pluck”)

pleural organs, thoracic organs, pluck (heart, lungs, liver)


ajéídíshjool

shijéídíshjool (first-person singular)
nihijéídíshjool (duoplural first-person)
danihijéídíshjool (first-person plural)
nijéídíshjool (second-person singular)
nihijéídíshjool (duoplural second-person)
danihijéídíshjool (plural second-person)
bijéídíshjool (third-person)
yijéídíshjool (fourth-person)
hajéídíshjool (fourth-person)
ajéídíshjool (indefinite)

ajéí (“thoracic organs”) + dijool (“spherical”)


ahaʼdeetʼaah

ahadiʼnishtʼaah (first-person imperfective singular)
ahadiʼniitʼaah (duoplural first-person imperfective)
ahadadiʼniitʼaah (first-person imperfective plural)
ahadiʼnítʼaah (imperfective second-person singular)
ahadiʼnohtʼaah (duoplural imperfective second-person)
ahadadiʼnohtʼaah (imperfective plural second-person)
ahaʼdeetʼaah (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
ahadaʼdeetʼaah (imperfective plural third-person)
ahazhʼdeetʼaah (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
ahadazhʼdeetʼaah (fourth-person imperfective plural)
ahadiʼnishtʼą́ (first-person perfective singular)
ahadiʼniitʼą́ (duoplural first-person perfective)
ahadadiʼniitʼą́ (first-person perfective plural)
ahadííńʼnítʼą́ (perfective second-person singular)
ahadiʼnoohtʼą́ (duoplural perfective second-person)
ahadadiʼnoohtʼą́ (perfective plural second-person)
ahaʼdeetʼą́ (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
ahadaʼdeestʼą́ (perfective plural third-person)
ahazhʼdeetʼą́ (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
ahadazhʼdeestʼą́ (fourth-person perfective plural)
ahadiʼdeeshtʼááł (first-person future singular)
ahadiʼdiitʼááł (duoplural first-person future)
ahadadiʼdiitʼááł (first-person future plural)
ahadiʼdíítʼááł (future second-person singular)
ahadiʼdoohtʼááł (duoplural future second-person)
ahadadiʼdoohtʼááł (future plural second-person)
ahadiʼdootʼááł (duoplural future singular third-person)
ahadadiʼdootʼááł (future plural third-person)
ahadizhʼdootʼááł (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
ahadadizhʼdootʼááł (fourth-person future plural)

ʼah- (reciprocal) + -aʼ- (“lending to”) + -di- (thematic) + -ee- (ni-modal 3rd person subject prefix) + -d- (classifier) + -ʼaah (imperfective stem of root -ʼĄ́, “to handle SRO”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ʼaah</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ʼĄ́</i>

to make a treaty with them, to enter into an agreement with them, to enter into a contract with him/them


bikin

shikin (first-person singular)
nihikin (duoplural first-person)
danihikin (first-person plural)
nikin (second-person singular)
nihikin (duoplural second-person)
danihikin (plural second-person)
bikin (third-person)
yikin (fourth-person)
hakin (fourth-person)
akin (indefinite)

bi- (3rd person possessive) + kin (“house”)


ndilkal

wild gourd (the plant) (Cucurbita foetidissima)

adeeʼ

the dried and hardened shell of a gourd fruit


wááshindoon

/wɑ́ːʃɪ̀ntòːn/

wááshindoon bizaad


kʼos

Cognate with Sarcee kʼos, Chipewyan kʼoth, Beaver kʼos, Carrier kʼvs, Sekani kʼos, Ahtna kʼos.

Nihí éí tʼóó kʼos ndaalzhood.


dootłʼizhii

dootłʼizh (“to be green, blue”) + -ii (nominalizer)


saadtah

From saad (“words”) + -tah (“among”), lit. "among words" or "in the midst of words".


dah iistłʼǫ́

dah (“up”) + ii- (contraction of ʼa-hi-) = ʼa- (indefinite 3rd-person object-subject pronoun) + hi- (seriative aspect, one after another) + -s- (ligature) + -tłʼǫ́ (perfective stem, to tie, weave)


tsé naatʼaʼí

tsé (“rock”) + naatʼaʼí (“something that flies”), from naa- (“continuative imperfective aspect”) + tʼah (“to go by flying”) + -í (“nominalizer”)


naadįįnaaki

From naadiin (“twenty”) + naaki (“two”).


kʼishchííʼ

Compound of kʼish (“alder”) + łichííʼ (“red”).


naʼaʼeełígíí

head

naʼaʼeełígíí

naʼaʼeeł (“we are sailing about”) + -ígíí (“nominalizer”)


biwááshindoon

bi- (“his, its”) + wááshindoon (“government”), from English Washington.

af

its government, its administrative headquarters, its capital


bighan

dabighan (plural)
shighan (first-person singular)
nihighan (duoplural first-person)
danihighan (first-person plural)
nighan (second-person singular)
nihighan (duoplural second-person)
danihighan (plural second-person)
bighan (third-person)
yighan (fourth-person)
haghan (fourth-person)
aghan (indefinite)


níyol

ní- (ni-perfective 3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -yol (neuter perfective stem of root -YOL, “to blow”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-yol</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-YOL</i>

it is windy (literally, "the wind arrived blowing")


bikááʼ adání

bikááʼ (“upon it”) + adą́ (“eating takes place”) + -n- (ligature) + -í (nominalizer)


náshdóí

Compare Ahtna niduuyi (“lynx”), Hän nichuʼ, Tahltan nasdā, Chilcotin nundi, Gwich'in ninjii, Beaver nǫdaa.


ályaa

íílééh íílééh

it was made; simple passive perfective form of íílééh


-sh

Daash yinílyé?

Níísh Hastįįłtsoii yinílyé?

Bilagáana bizaadísh dinitsʼaʼ?

Daʼ díísh Tó Dinéeshzheeʼgóó atiin?


anázhiin ałníiʼdiígíí

anázhiin (“iris”) + ałnį́į́ʼ (“center”) + -di (“at”) + -ígíí (“nominalizer”)


anázhiin

shinázhiin (first-person singular)
nihinázhiin (duoplural first-person)
danihinázhiin (first-person plural)
ninázhiin (second-person singular)
nihinázhiin (duoplural second-person)
danihinázhiin (plural second-person)
binázhiin (third-person)
yinázhiin (fourth-person)
hanázhiin (fourth-person)
anázhiin (indefinite)

From anááʼ (“eye”) + -zhiin, contraction of -zhiní, from -zhin (“black”) + -í (nominalizer).


anááʼ

-ná (in-compounds)
-nááʼ (in-compounds)
shinááʼ (first-person singular)
nihinááʼ (duoplural first-person)
danihinááʼ (first-person plural)
ninááʼ (second-person singular)
nihinááʼ (duoplural second-person)
danihinááʼ (plural second-person)
binááʼ (third-person)
yinááʼ (fourth-person)
hanááʼ (fourth-person)
anááʼ (indefinite)

From Proto-Athabaskan *nαx̣ (“eye”). Possibly related to the root -NÁÁŁ (“to witness, watch”).


naaldlooshii

/nɑːld͡ɮoːʃiː/

From naaldloosh (“it is trotting about”) + -ii (nominalizer).


ał-

ałkʼi

áłká

ałkééʼ

ałkʼijįʼ

ałchʼįʼ

ałhaa

ałhąąh

ałkʼiijééʼ


dahsitą́

a single stiff, slender object lies at an elevation, it lies up there


head

beeʼeldǫǫh tʼáá bíniʼdii bikʼa ádiih yiyiinííłígíí


eʼelyaa

Simple-passive perfective form with unspecified-person indirect-object of yeʼelééh (“to copy it, to duplicate it”, literally “to make something unspecified at it”).
Literal approximation: “the making of something unspecified was done at something unspecified”, “something unspecified was copied”.

picture, photograph, copy, replica, image, photocopy


eʼelyaa

Simple-passive perfective form with unspecified-person indirect-object of yeʼelééh (“to copy it, to duplicate it”).


eʼelyaaígíí

From eʼelyaa (“photograph”) + -ígíí (nominalizer).

the photograph, the picture, the replica, the image (definitive form of eʼelyaa)


chʼał dichʼízhí

chʼał (“frog”) + dichʼíízh (“it is rough, it has a rough surface”).


shąʼ

Áádóó nááná dííshąʼ?


shąʼ

Kii shąʼ?


táłtłʼááh chʼosh daadánígíí

Literally “it eats at the bottom of the water.”


góneʼ

naaki góneʼ


naaki góneʼ

naaki góneʼígíí


naadą́ą́ʼ dootłʼizhí

gruel, blue corn mush (made from ground blue maize/blue cornmeal)


ílį́įgo naalyéhé

ílį́įgo (“because it is valuable”) + naalyéhé (“goods”)


łóóʼ bitsʼaʼ dahólónígíí

head

łóóʼ bitsʼaʼ dahólónígíí

łóóʼ bitsʼaʼ dahólónígíí

łóóʼ (“fish”) + bitsʼaʼ (“its shell”) + dahólónígíí (“the ones where it exists”), from da- (“pluralizer”) + hólǫ́ (“there is”) + -ígíí (“nominalizer”)


aakʼeego

aakʼee (“autumn”) + -go (“adverbial suffix”)


dąągo

daan (“spring”) + -go (“adverbial suffix”)


shį́įgo

shį́ (“summer”) + -go (“adverbial suffix”)


haigo

hai (“winter”) + -go (“adverbial suffix”)


-go

aakʼeego

dąągo

haigo

shį́įgo

(adverbial suffix) since, because, when, during, while, being, -ly


tʼáadoo

tʼáadoo baa nanináhí!

tʼáadoo hazhóʼó

poorly (done); not very well; haphazardly


-dę́ę́ʼ

binaadę́ę́ʼ

biyiʼdę́ę́ʼ

from, from along (progression or emanation from a point or location)


doo...da

doo yáʼátʼééh da


Wááshindoon

/wɑ́ːʃɪ̀ntòːn/

Naabeehó biWááshindoon


iikááh

iikááh áshłééh


łeezh

łeezh (possessed form bileezh, compound forms łé-, łee-)

bileezh (possessed-form)
forms łé- (compound)
łee- (compound)
shileezh (first-person singular)
nihileezh (duoplural first-person)
danihileezh (first-person plural)
nileezh (second-person singular)
nihileezh (duoplural second-person)
danihileezh (plural second-person)
bileezh (third-person)
yileezh (fourth-person)
haleezh (fourth-person)
aleezh (indefinite)

From Proto-Athabaskan *łe̓dž (“dirt”). Also appears in the combining forms łé- and łee-.


-di

náánáłahdi

Kinłánídi óltaʼgi

naakidi


hataał

hashtaał (first-person imperfective singular)
hwiitaał (duoplural first-person imperfective)
dahwiitaał (first-person imperfective plural)
hótaał (imperfective second-person singular)
hohtaał (duoplural imperfective second-person)
dahohtaał (imperfective plural second-person)
hataał (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
dahataał (imperfective plural third-person)
hojitaał (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dahojitaał (fourth-person imperfective plural)
hóótáál (first-person perfective singular)
hwiitáál (duoplural first-person perfective)
dahwiitáál (first-person perfective plural)
hwíínítáál (perfective second-person singular)
hootáál (duoplural perfective second-person)
dahootáál (perfective plural second-person)
hóótáál (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
dahóótáál (perfective plural third-person)
hojíítáál (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dahojíítáál (fourth-person perfective plural)
hodeeshtał (first-person future singular)
hodiitał (duoplural first-person future)
dahodiitał (first-person future plural)
hodíítał (future second-person singular)
hodoohtał (duoplural future second-person)
dahodoohtał (future plural second-person)
hodootał (duoplural future singular third-person)
dahodootał (future plural third-person)
hozhdootał (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
dahozhdootał (fourth-person future plural)

ho- (“space, area, things”) + -∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -taał (durative imperfective stem of root -TÁÁL, “to sing”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-taał</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-TÁÁL</i>

Sin bee hataał


-gi

bitahgi

Kinłánídi óltaʼgi


nátʼostseʼ

nátʼoh (“tobacco”) + -s- (ligature) + atseeʼ (“tail”)


béégashii yáázh

béégashii (“cow, cattle”) + yáázh (“small, young”)


bikááʼ adlání

bikááʼ (“upon it”) + adlą́ (“he drinks something”) + -n- (ligature) + -í (nominalizer)

bar (counter for serving alcoholic beverages)


naalyéhé bá hooghan

naalyéhé (“goods”) + bá (“for it”) + hooghan (“house”)

department store, trading post, general store


táláwosh

/tʰɑ́lɑ́ɣòʃ/

From -wosh (reduced stem of root -GHAAZH, “to bubble”), from Proto-Athabaskan *ɣ̇ʷa̓ž, from Pre-Proto-Athabaskan *x̣ʷaʼš (“make a bubbling noise”).

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-wosh</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-GHAAZH</i>


béégashii

From Spanish vacas (“cows”), from Latin vacca. Compare Pipil wakash and Classical Nahuatl huācax.

Kʼad haitʼáo dibéłchíʼigo béégashii, shąʼ?


bee atsidí

bee (“with it”) + atsid (“he pounds something”) + -í (nominalizer)


tłʼóół

bitłʼóól (possessed-form)
shitłʼóól (first-person singular)
nihitłʼóól (duoplural first-person)
danihitłʼóól (first-person plural)
nitłʼóól (second-person singular)
nihitłʼóól (duoplural second-person)
danihitłʼóól (plural second-person)
bitłʼóól (third-person)
yitłʼóól (fourth-person)
hatłʼóól (fourth-person)
atłʼóól (indefinite)

From the root -TŁʼǪ́ (“to weave, lace”).


tséchʼil

Compound of tsé (“stone”) + chʼil (“plant”), likely in reference to the hardness of the wood.


naakai binátʼoh

From Naakaii (“Mexicans”) + binátʼoh (“their drug”).


nihił

shił (first-person singular)
nihił (duoplural first-person)
nił (second-person singular)
nihił (duoplural second-person)
bił (third-person)
yił (fourth-person)
hił (fourth-person)
ił (fourth-person singular)
ádił (reflexive singular)
ahił (duoplural reciprocal)

From nihí (“we, us, our”) + ił (“with”).

Nihił hózhǫ́

Nihił yáʼátʼééh


kélchí

shikélchí (first-person singular)
nihikélchí (duoplural first-person)
danihikélchí (first-person plural)
nikélchí (second-person singular)
nihikélchí (duoplural second-person)
danihikélchí (plural second-person)
bikélchí (third-person)
yikélchí (fourth-person)
hakélchí (fourth-person)
akélchí (indefinite)

Compound of ké (“shoe”) + łichííʼ (“red”).

moccasin (men’s moccasins, smaller versions of women’s moccasins)


jeeh

shijeeh (first-person singular)
nihijeeh (duoplural first-person)
danihijeeh (first-person plural)
nijeeh (second-person singular)
nihijeeh (duoplural second-person)
danihijeeh (plural second-person)
bijeeh (third-person)
yijeeh (fourth-person)
hajeeh (fourth-person)
ajeeh (indefinite)

From Proto-Athabaskan *džeˑx. Related to the root -JÉÉʼ (“to adhere”).


jeeh

Contraction of ajaaʼ (“ear”) + -iih (“into”)


Asdzą́ą́ Nádleehé

/ʔɑ̀st͡sɑ̃́ː nɑ́tˡèːhɛ́/

Compare Chiricahua Isdzánádleeshéń (“White Painted Woman”)


bilagáana

→ Hopi: Pölakaana

/pɪ̀lɑ̀kɑ̂ːnɑ̀/

white man, Anglo, Caucasian, American (an early Navajo term for Americans)


bééshʼadeeʼ

béésh (“metal”) + adeeʼ (“gourd, dipper”)


bideeʼ

bi- (“its”) + adeeʼ (“antler, horn, tusk, antenna”)

its antler, its horn, its tusk, its antenna (of an animal)

Chį́į́h Yee Adilohii Bideeʼ Tónteel Bibąąh


béésh bee akʼeʼelchí áłtsisígíí

béésh (“metal”) + bee (“with it”) + akʼeʼelchí (“one writes”) + áłtsʼíísí (“it is little”) + -ígíí (“nominalizer”)

béésh bee akʼeʼelchíhí tʼáá bí nitsékeesígíí


head

béésh (“metal”) + bee (“with it”) + akʼeʼelchí (“one writes”) + -í (nominalizer) + tʼáá bí (“on its own”) + ntsékees (“it thinks”) + -ígíí (nominalizer)

nv:béésh bee akʼeʼelchíhí tʼáá bí nitsékeesígíí


nahachagii biyázhí

nahachaʼ (“to hop with the feet together”) + -ii (“nominalizer”) + bi- (“its”) + yáázh (“young”) + -í (“nominalizer”)


azeeʼ

(medicine) medicine, drug, pharmaceutical


waaʼ

Navajo spinach, beeweed (Cleome serrulata)


dį́į́ʼ góneʼ

dį́į́ʼ góneʼ

dį́į́ʼ góneʼ


náhástʼéí góneʼ

náhástʼéí góneʼ

náhástʼéí góneʼ


naasas

I am broadcasting seeds, sprinkling a mass of fine particles, letting such a mass spill


sisas

Denominal, based on zas (“snow”), so originally "it lies like snow on the ground".
si- (modal) + -∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier) + -zas (neuter stem of root -ZAS, “to sprinkle”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-zas</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ZAS</i>

(obsolete) it (a mass of fine particles, such as slat or seeds)) lies somewhere, is located somewhere.


łaʼ

Donny bilasáana łaʼ yiyą́


atsiitsʼiin dinih azeeʼ

atsiitsʼiin (“head”) + diniih (“pain”) + azeeʼ (“medicine”)


atʼaʼ

shitʼaʼ (first-person singular)
nihitʼaʼ (duoplural first-person)
danihitʼaʼ (first-person plural)
nitʼaʼ (second-person singular)
nihitʼaʼ (duoplural second-person)
danihitʼaʼ (plural second-person)
bitʼaʼ (third-person)
yitʼaʼ (fourth-person)
hatʼaʼ (fourth-person)
atʼaʼ (indefinite)

Tsídii bitʼaʼ kʼéʼéltǫʼ lá

wing feather (especially a prayer feather)


tsísʼnáłtsooítsoh

Compound of tsísʼnáłtsooí (“yellowjacket”) + -tsoh (“big”).


tsísʼnáłtsooí

Compound of tsísʼná (“bee”) + łitso (“it is yellow”) + -í (“nominalizer”)


tʼáá

just, only, kind of, sort of, quite (a particularizing element, often difficult to translate; usually not translated)


aahwiinítʼį́ bá hooghan

aahwiinítʼį́ (“trial”) + bá (“for it”) + hooghan (“house”)


tsáskʼeh bá hooghan

tsáskʼeh (“bed”) + bá (“for it”) + hooghan (“house”)


atsiniltłʼish

naʼashǫ́ʼii łóóʼ atsiniltłʼish ííłʼínígíí

atsiniltłʼish neeztsiz.


zhį́ʼii

From łizhin (“it is black”) + ii (nominalizer), literally “the black one”.


tsin naabąąs

tsin (“wood”) + -bąs (“to go by rolling on wheels”)


daabí

third person plural pronoun they (three or more)

third person plural possessive pronoun their, theirs (for three or more people)


hágoshį́į́

go ahead, okay, all right, very well, you're welcome


bikáaʼgi

/pɪ̀kʰáàʔkɪ̀/

on it, upon it, at a place on its surface, at a place above it


dééł

Cognate with Tsuut'ina dáł, Chipewyan deeł, Carrier deł, Sekani deeł, Ahtna daeł.


aakʼeedą́ą́ʼ

head

aakʼeedą́ą́ʼ


shį́į́dą́ą́ʼ

shį́į́dą́ą́ʼ


yę́ędą́ą́ʼ

yę́ę (“aforementioned, that one”) + -dą́ą́ʼ (“marking a point in the past”)


yáázh

From Proto-Athabaskan *-yažʷə (“woman's child”).

inh

Shash yáázh

Shiyáázh


yę́ę

aforementioned, the one already referred to, that one, the latter


taah

Contraction of tó (“water”) + -iih (“into”)

Taah yiʼą́.

Taah yiyíínil.


nihee

shee (first-person singular)
nihee (duoplural first-person)
nee (second-person singular)
nihee (duoplural second-person)
bee (third-person)
yee (fourth-person)
hee (fourth-person)
ee (fourth-person singular)
ádee (reflexive singular)
ahee (duoplural reciprocal)


ádin

áníshdin (first-person singular)
ániidin (duoplural first-person)
ádaniidin (first-person plural)
ánídin (second-person singular)
ánóhdin (duoplural second-person)
ádanohdin (plural second-person)
ádin (duoplural singular third-person)
ádaadin (plural third-person)
ájídin (duoplural fourth-person singular)
ádajídin (fourth-person plural)

ʼá- (thematic) + -∅- (ni-modal 3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier)
+ -din (neuter imperfective stem of root -DĮĮD, “to disappear”)

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-din</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-DĮĮD</i>

dibé nihee ádin

shee ádin

I have none; I have none of it; I don’t have it

Hastiin R. C. Gorman yę́ę ádin.


diní

second-person singular imperfective of ní


hoolʼáágóó

hoolʼá (“time extends on”) + -góó (“towards”)


-góó

dah doolnihę́ęgóó

hoolʼáágóó


hoolʼá

ho- (“space, area, things”) + -oo- (yi-perfective 3rd person subject prefix) + -l- (classifier) + -ʼá (neuter perfective stem of root -ʼÁ, “to extend”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ʼá</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ʼÁ</i>


ádahooníłígíí

/ʔɑ́tɑ̀hòːnɪ́ɬɪ́kíː/


biláahjįʼ

ahead of it/him, in front of it/him, before it/him


lágo

Nahółtą́ą́ʼ lágo.

with the optative mode, expresses a negative wish, desire, or command


lágo

lá (connotes emphasis and discovery) + -go (adverbial suffix)

it is; it occurred to me (emphasizes a statement, or turns it into an exclamation)


bilááh

shilááh (first-person singular)
nihilááh (duoplural first-person)
nilááh (second-person singular)
nihilááh (duoplural second-person)
bilááh (third-person)
yilááh (fourth-person)
halááh (fourth-person)
alááh (fourth-person singular)
álááh (reflexive singular)

Shijáád éí nijáád bilááh áníłnééz.


ałtso

tʼáá áníiltso (duoplural first-person imperfective)
tʼáá ánółtso (duoplural imperfective second-person)
tʼáá ałtso (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
tʼáá ájíłtso (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)

ʼá- (comparative) + -∅- (ni-modal 3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier) + -tso (imperfective stem of root -TSOH, “to be big”)

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-tso</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-TSOH</i>

Ałtso yishdlą́ą́ʼ

all completed, finished, all of it, entirely

Tʼáá ánółtso nihighan hólǫ́.

(with plural meaning) all of us / you / them (3+), everyone, everybody.


átʼé

áníshtʼé (first-person imperfective singular)
ániitʼé (duoplural first-person imperfective)
ádaniitʼé (first-person imperfective plural)
áńtʼé (imperfective second-person singular)
ánóhtʼé (duoplural imperfective second-person)
ádanohtʼé (imperfective plural second-person)
átʼé (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
ádaatʼé (imperfective plural third-person)
ájítʼé (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
ádajítʼé (fourth-person imperfective plural)
áníshtʼéé nítʼééʼ (first-person perfective singular)
ániitʼéé nítʼééʼ (duoplural first-person perfective)
ádaniitʼéé nítʼééʼ (first-person perfective plural)
áńtʼéé nítʼééʼ (perfective second-person singular)
ánóhtʼéé nítʼééʼ (duoplural perfective second-person)
ádanohtʼéé nítʼééʼ (perfective plural second-person)
átʼéé nítʼééʼ (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
ádaatʼéé nítʼééʼ (perfective plural third-person)
ájítʼéé nítʼééʼ (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
ádajítʼéé nítʼééʼ (fourth-person perfective plural)
áníshtʼée doo (first-person future singular)
ániitʼée doo (duoplural first-person future)
ádaniitʼée doo (first-person future plural)
áńtʼée doo (future second-person singular)
ánóhtʼée doo (duoplural future second-person)
ádanohtʼée doo (future plural second-person)
átʼée doo (duoplural future singular third-person)
ádaatʼée doo (future plural third-person)
ájítʼée doo (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
ádajítʼée doo (fourth-person future plural)

ʼá- (comparative) + -∅- (ni-modal 3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -tʼé (imperfective stem of root -TʼEʼ, “to be”)

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-tʼé</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-TʼEʼ</i>

Díí tó átʼé.

Ałʼąą átʼé.


adeezhí

shideezhí (first-person singular)
nihideezhí (duoplural first-person)
danihideezhí (first-person plural)
nideezhí (second-person singular)
nihideezhí (duoplural second-person)
danihideezhí (plural second-person)
bideezhí (third-person)
yideezhí (fourth-person)
hadeezhí (fourth-person)
adeezhí (indefinite)

alah

brother or sister, sibling of the opposite sex


aseezį́ binaaltsoos

From aseezį́ (“gossip”) and bi- (“third-person possessive”) + naaltsoos (“pages”).


deijiʼ ééʼ

deijiʼ (“upper part”) + ééʼ (“clothes, clothing”)


asdzání bichʼah

scarf (especially the kind worn on the head)


achʼoozhlaaʼ

shichʼoozhlaaʼ (first-person singular)
nihichʼoozhlaaʼ (duoplural first-person)
danihichʼoozhlaaʼ (first-person plural)
nichʼoozhlaaʼ (second-person singular)
nihichʼoozhlaaʼ (duoplural second-person)
danihichʼoozhlaaʼ (plural second-person)
bichʼoozhlaaʼ (third-person)
yichʼoozhlaaʼ (fourth-person)
hachʼoozhlaaʼ (fourth-person)
achʼoozhlaaʼ (indefinite)


tłʼaajįʼééʼ

shitłʼaajįʼééʼ (first-person singular)
nihitłʼaajįʼééʼ (duoplural first-person)
danihitłʼaajįʼééʼ (first-person plural)
nitłʼaajįʼééʼ (second-person singular)
nihitłʼaajįʼééʼ (duoplural second-person)
danihitłʼaajįʼééʼ (plural second-person)
bitłʼaajįʼééʼ (third-person)
yitłʼaajįʼééʼ (fourth-person)
hatłʼaajįʼééʼ (fourth-person)
atłʼaajįʼééʼ (indefinite)

atłʼaaʼ (“rump”) + -jįʼ (“as far as”) + ééʼ (“garment”)


-łí

Lókʼaahnteelgóó dóʼ díníyááshłí?

Could it be that you are going to Ganado?


dóʼ

shídóʼ (first-person singular)
nihídóʼ (duoplural first-person)
danihídóʼ (first-person plural)
nídóʼ (second-person singular)
nihídóʼ (duoplural second-person)
danihídóʼ (plural second-person)
bídóʼ (third-person)
yídóʼ (fourth-person)
hádóʼ (fourth-person)
ádóʼ (indefinite)

shídóʼ


tłʼaakał

shitłʼaakał (first-person singular)
nihitłʼaakał (duoplural first-person)
danihitłʼaakał (first-person plural)
nitłʼaakał (second-person singular)
nihitłʼaakał (duoplural second-person)
danihitłʼaakał (plural second-person)
bitłʼaakał (third-person)
yitłʼaakał (fourth-person)
hatłʼaakał (fourth-person)
atłʼaakał (indefinite)


áchį́į́h

shíchį́į́h (first-person singular)
nihíchį́į́h (duoplural first-person)
danihíchį́į́h (first-person plural)
níchį́į́h (second-person singular)
nihíchį́į́h (duoplural second-person)
danihíchį́į́h (plural second-person)
bíchį́į́h (third-person)
yíchį́į́h (fourth-person)
háchį́į́h (fourth-person)
áchį́į́h (indefinite)

From Proto-Athabaskan *-nə-čįxʸ (“nose”). Cognate with Ahtna -ntsiis, Koyukon -əntsəyh, Gwich'in -antsį́h, Carrier -nintsis, Tsuut'ina -́tsíh.
Related to the root -CHĄ́Ą́ʼ (“to smell”).


beeldléí

shibeeldléí (first-person singular)
nihibeeldléí (duoplural first-person)
danihibeeldléí (first-person plural)
nibeeldléí (second-person singular)
nihibeeldléí (duoplural second-person)
danihibeeldléí (plural second-person)
bibeeldléí (third-person)
yibeeldléí (fourth-person)
habeeldléí (fourth-person)
abeeldléí (indefinite)

/pèːltˡɛ́ɪ́/


béésh astʼogii

From béésh (“flint”) + astʼod (“stuck in something”) + -g- (ligature) + -ii (nominalizer).


atłʼóóh

The iterative form of verb atłʼó (“he / she weaves”).


atłʼóóh

Appears to be a nominalization of the iterative form of verb atłʼó (“he / she weaves”).


gohwééh

Ńdiiʼnééh! Gohwééh łaʼ ndlą́!

Gohwééh éí shił łikan.

Kʼad gohwééh łaʼ shaa níkaah!


sǫʼ nanidéhígíí

From sǫʼ (“star”) + nanidééh (“to fall downward”) + -ígíí (nominalizer).


nizhónígo

From nizhóní (“to be nice”) + -go (adverbial suffix).


náhásdzo

(imperfective simple passive form of náházo) to be marked off


náhásdzo

that which has been marked off: state, zone, area

Naabeehó bináhásdzo


atiin

shitiin (first-person singular)
nihitiin (duoplural first-person)
danihitiin (first-person plural)
nitiin (second-person singular)
nihitiin (duoplural second-person)
danihitiin (plural second-person)
bitiin (third-person)
yitiin (fourth-person)
hatiin (fourth-person)
atiin (indefinite)

Atiin tséʼnaagóó nehekááh

Kinłánígóó atiin yáʼáhootʼééh


tókǫʼí

tó (“water”) + kǫʼ (“fire”) + -í (“nominalizer”)


chidí bitooʼ

Chidí bitooʼ iihnáshkaah


akʼah

shikʼah (first-person singular)
nihikʼah (duoplural first-person)
danihikʼah (first-person plural)
nikʼah (second-person singular)
nihikʼah (duoplural second-person)
danihikʼah (plural second-person)
bikʼah (third-person)
yikʼah (fourth-person)
hakʼah (fourth-person)
akʼah (indefinite)

bikʼah

beʼakʼah

his/her/its fat (to cook with, or that lubricates machinery)

akʼah bee sitʼé

díí tązhii éí akʼah bee sitʼé

Audio: (file) — this turkey was deep-fried in oil.

fat, grease, lard, shortening, cooking oil


naanish binaaltsoos

naanish (“work”) + bi- (“his/her/its/their”, possessive prefix) + naaltsoos (“page, papers”)


táłkááʼ

/tʰɑ́ɬkʰɑ́ːʔ/

From tá- (combining form of tó (“water”)) + -ł- (ligature) + bikááʼ (“on, upon”).


zéédéełdoii

zéé- (combining form of azééʼ, meaning throat and neck) + di- (inceptive) + -ł- (classifier) + -doii (perfective verb stem, causing to become warm). Compare deesdoi.

scarf (especially the kind worn round the neck), neckerchief


ahił

shił (first-person singular)
nihił (duoplural first-person)
nił (second-person singular)
nihił (duoplural second-person)
bił (third-person)
yił (fourth-person)
hił (fourth-person)
ił (fourth-person singular)
ádił (reflexive singular)
ahił (duoplural reciprocal)

ahił neiiʼné

we’re playing together; we’re playing with each other; we’re playmates.

with each other; in each other’s company; with one another, to one another


łeeyiʼ

łeezh (“soil, ground”) + -yiʼ (“within”)


dego

dei (“up, upward”) + -go (adverbial suffix)


Béésh Łichíiʼii Bee Ééhoozinígíí

béésh łichíiʼii (“copper”) (refers to the copper wires of the telegraph) + bee ééhoozin (“with it there came to be knowledge”) + -ígíí (“nominalizer”)


béésh łichíiʼii bee dahaniʼígíí

béésh łichíiʼii (“copper”) + bee (“with it”) + dahaniʼ (“the news”) + -ígíí (“nominalizer”)


bee haʼnitá

bee (“by means of it”) + haʼntá (“search”)


tsitsʼaaʼ naadloʼí

tsitsʼaaʼ (“wooden box”) + naadloʼ (“it is carried about suspended”) + -í (nominalizer)


táłtłʼááh

From tá- (combining form of tó, “water”) + -ł- (ligature) + atłʼááh (“bottom”).


chʼil naʼatłʼoʼiitsoh

From chʼil naʼatłʼoʼii (“grape”) + -tsoh (“big”).


ho-

indefinite deictic 3rd-person subject pronoun denoting space or area


jishgish

third-person singular perfective of jiilgéésh


łeʼdoolchʼil

third-person singular perfective of łeʼdilchʼííł


náshdóítsoh bitsiijįʼ diʼilígíí

From náshdóí (“wildcat”) + -tsoh (“big”) + bitsiiʼ (“his head”) + -jįʼ (“up to”) + diʼil (“it is hairy”) + -ígíí (“pos=nominalizer”).


naaʼahóóhai

agricultural show (at a tribal, county, or state fair)


Bilagáana bizaadísh dinitsʼaʼ

Bilagáana (“Americans”) + bizaad (“their language”) + -ísh (interrogative suffix) + dinitsʼaʼ (“you understand”)

do you speak English
do you speak English


ha-

Represents multiple homophonous thematic prefixes of position I, whose exact identification and etymology remain difficult. Young and Morgan (1987, 1992) identify 6 such prefixes. Their main divider is the perfective paradigm they select (∅-, yi- or yii-perfective).

haigééd

haasííd

haaʼnééh

hainitá

haalzheeh

(∅/si) for, after, search (related to -ka and -ká)

haatih

hadiisǫ́ǫ́s

(yii/yii) completeness, occurs with di- (see hadii-)


ha-

Alternative form of ho- when found immediately in pre-stem position.

halchííʼ

halneʼ


Diné bizaadísh dinitsʼaʼ

Diné (“Navajo”) + bizaad (“their language”) + -ísh (interrogative suffix) + dinitsʼaʼ (“you understand”)

do you speak Navajo
do you speak something


sizį́

sézį́ (first-person perfective singular)
siidzį́ (duoplural first-person perfective)
nisiidzį́ (first-person perfective plural)
sínízį́ (perfective second-person singular)
soozį́ (duoplural perfective second-person)
nisoozį́ (perfective plural second-person)
sizį́ (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
naazį́ (perfective plural third-person)
jizį́ (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
nijizį́ (fourth-person perfective plural)

si- (modal) + -∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -zį́ (neuter perfective stem of root -ZĮʼ, “to stand”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-zį́</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ZĮʼ</i>

Tsé Ííʼáhí bikéyah bił sézį́


tʼáá ákótʼée doo

head

tʼáá ákótʼée doo

/tʼáː ʔákʰótʼêː tòː/

tʼáá (“just”) + ákótʼé (“it is thus”) + doo (“it will be”)


wóláchííʼ yildeełí

wóláchííʼ yildeełí (plural wóláchííʼ deildeełí)


tłʼééʼ

shitłʼééʼ (first-person singular)
nihitłʼééʼ (duoplural first-person)
danihitłʼééʼ (first-person plural)
nitłʼééʼ (second-person singular)
nihitłʼééʼ (duoplural second-person)
danihitłʼééʼ (plural second-person)
bitłʼééʼ (third-person)
yitłʼééʼ (fourth-person)
hatłʼééʼ (fourth-person)
atłʼééʼ (indefinite)

Doo tłʼééʼ nijigháa da

One does not walk around at night. (folk wisdom)


díkwíí

Kii díkwíí bichidí?

Naaltsoos díkwíí bą́ą́h ílį́?


dííshjį́

díí (“this”) + -sh- (ligature) + jį́ (“day”)


ílį́įgo Wááshindoon Bikéyah biiʼ kééhojitʼíinii


Wááshindoon Bikéyah

/wɑ́ːʃɪ̀ntòːn pɪ̀kʰɛ́jàh/


biłńjoobałí

bił (“with it”) + ńjoobałí (“one spins around [trying to find a stronger signal]”) (from náábał (“it is whirling”)) + -í (“nominalizer”)


tʼááłáhádí neeznádiin

/tʼɑ́ːɬɑ́xɑ́tɪ̀ nèːznɑ́tìːn/

From tʼááłáʼí (“one”) + -di (multiplicative enclitic) + neeznáá (“ten”) + -diin (multiplicative "times 10" suffix).


hahgo

Hahgo Lucy Bidááʼ Haʼaztʼiʼ Tsékoohgóó nidoogaał?

When will Lucy go to (and return from) the Grand Canyon?


tʼáá ałtso

tʼáá (particularizing particle) + ʼá- (“relatively, comparatively”) + ni- (prefix that forms neuter imperfectives) + -ł- (classifier) + -łtso (“all”), a neuter form of -tsoh (“become big”)


tʼááłáhádí mííl

head

tʼááłáhádí mííl

tʼááłáhádí mííl

/tʼɑ́ːɬɑ́hɑ́tɪ́ míːl/

From tʼááłáʼí (“one”) + -di (“multiplicative enclitic”) + Spanish mil.


tʼóó bílaʼ dijool

tʼóó (“merely, just”) + bílaʼ (“hand”) + dijool (“it is round”)

(idiomatic) all thumbs (clumsy; awkward; not dextrous)


łáaʼii góneʼ yéigo daʼahijoogą́ą́ʼ

łáaʼii góneʼ (“first”) + yéigo (“seriously”) + daʼahijoogą́ą́ʼ (“there was war”), from daʼahijigą́ (“they kill one another”)


Yiską́ Damį́įgo

/jɪ̀skʰɑ̃́ tɑ̀mĩ̂ːkò/

From yiską́ (“tomorrow”) + Spanish domingo (“Sunday”).


Dį́ʼíjį́ Ndaʼanish

dį́ʼí jį́ (“for four days”) + ndaʼanish (“they work”), from naanish (“work”) + da- (“plural marker”)


Ndaʼiiníísh

From ndaʼiiníísh (“they are done working”), also related to niilníísh (“to stop working”).

Díí jį́ éí Ndaʼiiníísh.


Naakijį́ Ndaʼanish

naaki (“two”) + jį́ (“day”) + ndaʼanish (“they work”), from naanish (“work”) + da- (“plural marker”)


Tágíjį́ Ndaʼanish

tágí jį́ (“for three days”) + ndaʼanish (“they work”), from naanish (“work”) + da- (“plural marker”)


náhidizídígíí

náhidizííd (“months pass”) + -ígíí (“...kind of thing”, nominalizing suffix)


tsísʼnátsoh

Compound of tsísʼná (“bee”) + -tsoh (“big”).


łitsooí

łitso (“it is yellow”) + -í (nominalizer). Compare Ahtna ltsooy.

Shicheii bimósí atah, łitsooí éí tʼóó ahayóí binááhai nahalin.

Of my grandfather's cats, the yellow one seems quite old.


biyázhí

bi- (“his/her/its/their”) + yázhí (“young”)


tsinsitą́

tsin (“wooden post”) + sitą́ (“it is set there”)


asdzoh

ʼa- (unspecified person object prefix) + -∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -s- (stative perfective marker) + -d- (classifier) + zoh (perfective verb stem), from -zóóh (“make a mark, draw a line”)
The noun sense is a direct nominalization of the verb, and likely derives from the way that inches would be marked out, either on a ruler or on the item being measured.

naakitsʼáadahdi asdzoh


tsʼídá

ts'ídá háadida


biyiʼdi

/pɪ̀ʝɪ̀ʔtɪ̀/


tʼáá aaníí

Shił tʼáá aaníí.

Aooʼ, tʼáá aaníí ákótʼé.


shąąh

shąąh (first-person singular)
nihąąh (duoplural first-person)
nąąh (second-person singular)
nihąąh (duoplural second-person)
bąąh (third-person)
yąąh (fourth-person)
hąąh (fourth-person)
ąąh (fourth-person singular)
ádąąh (reflexive singular)
ahąąh (duoplural reciprocal)


shiiʼ

shiiʼ (first-person singular)
nihiiʼ (duoplural first-person)
niiʼ (second-person singular)
nihiiʼ (duoplural second-person)
biiʼ (third-person)
yiiʼ (fourth-person)
hiiʼ (fourth-person)
iiʼ (fourth-person singular)
ádiiʼ (reflexive singular)
ahiiʼ (duoplural reciprocal)


shaa

shaa (first-person singular)
nihaa (duoplural first-person)
naa (second-person singular)
nihaa (duoplural second-person)
baa (third-person)
yaa (fourth-person)
haa (fourth-person)
aa (fourth-person singular)
ádaa (reflexive singular)
ahaa (duoplural reciprocal)


béésh nitsékeesí

béésh (“metal”) + ntsékees (“it thinks”) + -í (“nominalizer”)

Shibéésh nitsékeesí shitsʼą́ą́ʼ dah hidiiyá


Jáan

(offensive) a rural, often monolingual and/or illiterate Navajo person


béésh tʼáá bí nitsékeesígíí

béésh (“metal”) + tʼáá bí (“on its own”) + ntsékees (“it thinks”) + -ígíí (“nominalizer”)

Shibéésh nitsékeesí éí béésh tʼáá bí nitsékeesígíí doo bidiitʼiʼ da

My computer is not connecting to the Internet.


tʼáá bí

on his/her/its own, of his/her/its own accord, of his/her/its own free will

Díí tʼáá bí bikin


yáʼátʼééh iʼííʼą́

yáʼátʼééh iʼííʼą́

yáʼátʼééh iʼííʼą́

yáʼátʼééh (“it is well”) + iʼííʼą́ (“the sun set”)


iʼííʼą́

third-person singular perfective of eʼeʼaah


bikáaʼjįʼ

bikááʼ (“on it”) + -jįʼ (“as far as; up to”)

up to its surface, as far as its surface, on it


yáʼátʼééh abíní

yáʼátʼééh abíní

yáʼátʼééh abíní

yáʼátʼééh (“it is well”) + abíní (“morning”)


kǫ́ǫ́

through here, hereabout, around here, in this general area


awééʼ

Nizhónígo sheʼawééʼ naaghá!


ásaaʼ

beʼésaʼ (possessed-form)
sheʼésaʼ (first-person singular)
niheʼésaʼ (duoplural first-person)
daniheʼésaʼ (first-person plural)
neʼésaʼ (second-person singular)
niheʼésaʼ (duoplural second-person)
daniheʼésaʼ (plural second-person)
beʼésaʼ (third-person)
yeʼésaʼ (fourth-person)
hweʼésaʼ (fourth-person)
sheʼésaaʼ (first-person singular)
niheʼésaaʼ (duoplural first-person)
daniheʼésaaʼ (first-person plural)
neʼésaaʼ (second-person singular)
niheʼésaaʼ (duoplural second-person)
daniheʼésaaʼ (plural second-person)
beʼésaaʼ (third-person)
yeʼésaaʼ (fourth-person)
hweʼésaaʼ (fourth-person)

Possibly Proto-Athabaskan *usa̓sakʸ, suggested to be of Eskimo-Aleut origin, compare Aleut isxatix (“grass basket”). Cognate with Chiricahua ʼísaa, Eyak ʼishXah, Tsuut'ina ʼásaʼ, Dena'ina isukʼ.


bináká

/pɪ̀nɑ́kʰɑ́/


tó doo bináká nílíní

tó (“water”) + doo (“not”) + bináká (“through it”) + nílį́ (“it flows”) + -í (“nominalizer”)

Díí bee adlání tó doo bináká nílíní bee ályaa


bee adlání

bee (“by means of it”) + adlą́ (“one drinks”) + -n- (ligature) + -í (nominalizer)


łeetsʼaaʼ

biłeetsʼaʼ (possessed-form)
shiłeetsʼaʼ (first-person singular)
nihiłeetsʼaʼ (duoplural first-person)
danihiłeetsʼaʼ (first-person plural)
niłeetsʼaʼ (second-person singular)
nihiłeetsʼaʼ (duoplural second-person)
danihiłeetsʼaʼ (plural second-person)
biłeetsʼaʼ (third-person)
yiłeetsʼaʼ (fourth-person)
hałeetsʼaʼ (fourth-person)
ałeetsʼaʼ (indefinite)

łeezh (“soil, earth”) + tsʼaaʼ (“basket”)


ílį́įnii

ílį́ (“it is costly”) + -ii (“nominalizer”)

something that is held in esteem, genuine

béésh ílį́įnii


nihitsʼą́ą́ʼ

nihitsʼą́ą́ʼ

sitsʼą́ą́ʼ (first-person singular)
nihitsʼą́ą́ʼ (duoplural first-person)
nitsʼą́ą́ʼ (second-person singular)
nihitsʼą́ą́ʼ (duoplural second-person)
bitsʼą́ą́ʼ (third-person)
yitsʼą́ą́ʼ (fourth-person)
hatsʼą́ą́ʼ (fourth-person)
atsʼą́ą́ʼ (fourth-person singular)
átsʼą́ą́ʼ (reflexive singular)
ałtsʼą́ą́ʼ (duoplural reciprocal)
ahiłtsʼą́ą́ʼ (duoplural reciprocal)


bichʼįʼ

shichʼįʼ (first-person singular)
nihichʼįʼ (duoplural first-person)
nichʼįʼ (second-person singular)
nihichʼįʼ (duoplural second-person)
bichʼįʼ (third-person)
yichʼįʼ (fourth-person)
hachʼįʼ (fourth-person)
achʼįʼ (fourth-person singular)
áchʼįʼ (reflexive singular)
ałchʼįʼ (duoplural reciprocal)
ahiłchʼįʼ (duoplural reciprocal)


yaʼ

Atiingóó hashtłʼish yaʼ?

is that okay with you?; are you fine with that?; is that all right?


tʼáá íiyisíí ahéheeʼ

Tʼáá íiyisíí ahéheeʼ, shá hwiiniłʼaʼígíí.


tʼáá íiyisíí

tʼáá íiyisíí

tʼáá íiyisíí


áchʼą́ą́h

shichʼą́ą́h (first-person singular)
nihichʼą́ą́h (duoplural first-person)
nichʼą́ą́h (second-person singular)
nihichʼą́ą́h (duoplural second-person)
bichʼą́ą́h (third-person)
yichʼą́ą́h (fourth-person)
hachʼą́ą́h (fourth-person)
achʼą́ą́h (fourth-person singular)
áchʼą́ą́h (reflexive singular)
ałchʼą́ą́h (duoplural reciprocal)
ahiłchʼą́ą́h (duoplural reciprocal)


ńtʼę́ʼę́ę

ńtʼééʼ (“it was”) + yę́ę (“aforementioned, the late”)


siláołtsooí nilį́į́ ńtʼę́ʼę́ę

siláołtsooí nilį́į́ ńtʼę́ʼę́ę

siláołtsooí danilį́į́ ńtʼę́ʼę́ę

siláołtsooí nilį́į́ ńtʼę́ʼę́ę (plural siláołtsooí danilį́į́ ńtʼę́ʼę́ę)

siláołtsooí danilį́į́ ńtʼę́ʼę́ę (plural)


awéétsʼáál

awéétsʼáál (possessed form beʼawéétsʼáál)


atʼééké

/ʔɑ̀tʼéːkʰɛ́/


nítʼę́ʼę́ę

ńtʼę́ʼę́ę ńtʼę́ʼę́ę#Navajo


siláołtsooí nilį́į́ nítʼę́ʼę́ę

siláołtsooí nilį́į́ nítʼę́ʼę́ę

siláołtsooí nilį́į́ ńtʼę́ʼę́ę
siláołtsooí nilį́į́ ńtʼę́ʼę́ę#Navajo

Alternative spelling of siláołtsooí nilį́į́ ńtʼę́ʼę́ę


siláołtsooí danilį́į́ ńtʼę́ʼę́ę

siláołtsooí danilį́į́ ńtʼę́ʼę́ę


yiyiʼ

shiyiʼ (first-person singular)
nihiyiʼ (duoplural first-person)
niyiʼ (second-person singular)
nihiyiʼ (duoplural second-person)
biyiʼ (third-person)
yiyiʼ (fourth-person)
hayiʼ (fourth-person)
ayiʼ (fourth-person singular)
áyiʼ (reflexive singular)
ałyiʼ (duoplural reciprocal)
ahiłyiʼ (duoplural reciprocal)

in it/him/her/them, within it/him/her/them, inside it/him/her/them


geʼ

hark, listen (stop what you're doing and listen)


atʼééd

atʼééké (plural)
sheʼatʼééd (first-person singular)
niheʼatʼééd (duoplural first-person)
daniheʼatʼééd (first-person plural)
neʼatʼééd (second-person singular)
niheʼatʼééd (duoplural second-person)
daniheʼatʼééd (plural second-person)
beʼatʼééd (third-person)
yeʼatʼééd (fourth-person)
hweʼatʼééd (fourth-person)
atʼééd (indefinite)

Compare Tanacross tʼêd (“adolescent girl”)

atʼééd éí nizhóní


ałkʼidą́ą́ʼ

Ałkʼidą́ą́ʼ yádahodiizʼą́ą́dą́ą́ʼ, yáʼáhoníkáándi...

A long time ago in a galaxy far, far away...


chʼikę́ę́h

chʼikę́ę́h (possessed form bichʼeekęʼ, plural chʼikéí)

bichʼeekęʼ (possessed-form)
chʼikéí (plural)

Compare Ahtna tsʼakae (“girl”) and Tanacross tsʼéxeh gaay (“young girl”)

Nahasdzáán bichʼikę́ę́h

maiden, young woman, young girl, adolescent, teenager (aged 13 to 30)


atsʼíís

sitsʼíís (first-person singular)
nihitsʼíís (duoplural first-person)
danihitsʼíís (first-person plural)
nitsʼíís (second-person singular)
nihitsʼíís (duoplural second-person)
danihitsʼíís (plural second-person)
bitsʼíís (third-person)
yitsʼíís (fourth-person)
hatsʼíís (fourth-person)
atsʼíís (indefinite)


iiná

beʼiinaʼ (possessed-form)
sheʼiinaʼ (first-person singular)
niheʼiinaʼ (duoplural first-person)
daniheʼiinaʼ (first-person plural)
neʼiinaʼ (second-person singular)
niheʼiinaʼ (duoplural second-person)
daniheʼiinaʼ (plural second-person)
beʼiinaʼ (third-person)
yeʼiinaʼ (fourth-person)
hweʼiinaʼ (fourth-person)

iiná deiítʼééh.


didzé

From Proto-Athabaskan *giʼgə. Cognates include South Slavey jíye.


dzidzé łikaní dootłʼizhígíí

dzidzé (“berry”) + łikan (“it is sweet”) + -í (“nominalizer”) + dootłʼizh (“blue”) + -ígíí (“nominalizer”)


haaʼíílá ńtʼé

haaʼíílá ńtʼé?

haaʼíílá ńtʼé?


naʼazísí

/nɑ̀ʔɑ̀zɪ́sɪ́/

From naʼazís (“he makes pockets here and there”) (see azaʼazis (“pocket”)) + -í (nominalizer).


Nizhónígo Késhmish Daʼdoohłeeł

Merry Christmas (speaking to three or more people)


-jí

anaaʼjí

chíshíjí

dziłkʼijí

atsáájí

hóchxǫ́ǫ́ʼjí

hózhǫ́ǫ́jí

níłchʼijí

sǫʼtsohjí

tłʼééʼjí

wóláchííʼjí


laanaa

Nahółtą́ą́ʼ laanaa.

Bibéesooígíí shííʼ laanaa.

(with optative mode) wishing that it would; wish that it would; wishing for


Laanaa yáʼátʼéehgo Késhmish, nił hózhǫ́ǫgo chʼídoohah

Laanaa yáʼátʼéehgo Késhmish (canonical)
nił hózhǫ́ǫgo chʼídoohah (canonical)

/làːnàː jáʔátʼêːhko kʰéʃmɪ̀ʃ nɪ̀ɬ hóʒõ̂ːko t͡ʃʼɪ́tòːhàh/

laanaa (“wishing that it would”) + yáʼátʼéehgo (“being wonderful”) (from yáʼátʼééh (“good”) + -go (“adverbial suffix”)) + Késhmish (“Christmas”) + nił (“with you”) + hózhǫ́ǫgo (“joyfully”) (from hózhǫ́ (“beauty and harmony”) + -go (“adverbial suffix”)) + chʼídoohah (“the year will start”)

laanaa yáʼátʼéehgo Késhmish, nił hózhǫ́ǫgo chʼídoohah

Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year
Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year


adą́ą́dą́ą́ʼ

adą́ą́dą́ą́ʼ

Adą́ą́dą́ą́ʼ Hoozdohdi beʼakʼidgi łóóʼ tʼóó ahayóí dzíłtsʼáníghį́!

Yesterday at a pond in Phoenix I made a big catch of fish!


tʼáá ahą́ą́h

tʼáá ahą́ą́h


ałʼąą

ał- (reciprocal pronoun prefix, “each other”) + -ʼąą (“on the other side, open, beyond”)

Ałʼąą átʼé


álátah

shílátah (first-person singular)
nihílátah (duoplural first-person)
danihílátah (first-person plural)
nílátah (second-person singular)
nihílátah (duoplural second-person)
danihílátah (plural second-person)
bílátah (third-person)
yílátah (fourth-person)
hálátah (fourth-person)
álátah (indefinite)

bílátah

bílátah daʼíítsoii


ajáád

shijáád (first-person singular)
nihijáád (duoplural first-person)
danihijáád (first-person plural)
nijáád (second-person singular)
nihijáád (duoplural second-person)
danihijáád (plural second-person)
bijáád (third-person)
yijáád (fourth-person)
hajáád (fourth-person)
ajáád (indefinite)

bijáád


acheii

shicheii (first-person singular)
nihicheii (duoplural first-person)
danihicheii (first-person plural)
nicheii (second-person singular)
nihicheii (duoplural second-person)
danihicheii (plural second-person)
bicheii (third-person)
yicheii (fourth-person)
hacheii (fourth-person)
acheii (indefinite)

maternal grandfather
maternal grandfather

maternal grandfather, as well as any of his brothers (maternal great-uncles)


Naaltsoos Ayiilaa

From Navajo naaltsoos (“book”) + áyiilaa (“he made it”). The name is due to a misunderstanding where the Navajo phrase for "a book written by" was interpreted as an author’s name. The books’ covers bear the words Brian Wildsmith Naaltsoos Áyiilaa, meaning "a book by Brian Wildsmith."


giníłbáhí

giní (“hawk”) + łibá (“gray”) + -í (nominalizer)


tsídiiłbáhí

tsídii (“bird”) + łibá (“gray”) + -í (“nominalizer”)


joogii

Cyanocitta cristata: the blue jay, a type of jaybird


ałkééʼ

shikééʼ (first-person singular)
nihikééʼ (duoplural first-person)
nikééʼ (second-person singular)
nihikééʼ (duoplural second-person)
bikééʼ (third-person)
yikééʼ (fourth-person)
hakééʼ (fourth-person)
akééʼ (fourth-person singular)
ákééʼ (reflexive singular)
ałkééʼ (duoplural reciprocal)
ahiłkééʼ (duoplural reciprocal)

following each other; consecutive, in sequence


amá sání

shimá sání (first-person singular)
nihimá sání (duoplural first-person)
danihimá sání (first-person plural)
nimá sání (second-person singular)
nihimá sání (duoplural second-person)
danihimá sání (plural second-person)
bimá sání (third-person)
yimá sání (fourth-person)
hamá sání (fourth-person)
amá sání (indefinite)

shimá sání

maternal grandmother
maternal grandmother

maternal grandmother, as well as any of her sisters (maternal great-aunts)


análí

análíké (plural)
shinálí (first-person singular)
nihinálí (duoplural first-person)
danihinálí (first-person plural)
ninálí (second-person singular)
nihinálí (duoplural second-person)
danihinálí (plural second-person)
binálí (third-person)
yinálí (fourth-person)
hanálí (fourth-person)
análí (indefinite)

paternal grandfather
paternal grandfather

paternal grandfather, as well as any of his brothers or sisters (paternal great-uncles, great-aunts)

shinálí

my paternal grandfather; my paternal grandmother; my paternal great-uncle; my paternal great-aunt

paternal grandmother
paternal grandmother

paternal grandmother, as well as any of her brothers or sisters (paternal great-uncles, great-aunts)


achʼííʼ

shichʼííʼ (first-person singular)
nihichʼííʼ (duoplural first-person)
danihichʼííʼ (first-person plural)
nichʼííʼ (second-person singular)
nihichʼííʼ (duoplural second-person)
danihichʼííʼ (plural second-person)
bichʼííʼ (third-person)
yichʼííʼ (fourth-person)
hachʼííʼ (fourth-person)
achʼííʼ (indefinite)

/ʔɑ̀t͡ʃʼíːʔ/

Possibly from the root -CHʼÍÍʼ (“to burn, be hot, spicy”).


ǫǫbǫʼii

Onomatopoeic + -ii (nominalizing suffix).


Diné Nááhódlóonii bizaad

diné (“people”) + nááhódlǫ́ (“there is another”) (from náá- (“another, some more”) + honi- (indefinite pronoun of space + neuter imperfective) + -d- (classifier) + -lǫ́ (neuter stem, to exist), neuter of -lįįd (perfective stem, to exist)) + -n- (ligature) + -ii (“nominalizer”) + bi- (“his/their”) + saad (“language”)


niłchiis

/nɪ̀ɬt͡ʃʰìːs/


dóliiłchííʼ

onomatopoeia + -ii (“nominalizer”) + łichííʼ (“red”)


dlǫ́ʼii

nv:Dlǫ́ʼii (bílaʼashdlaʼii bilį́į́ʼ)
nv:dlǫ́ʼii

Mustela putorius furo
Mustela putorius furo#Translingual


Nizhónígo Nináánááhai Dooleeł

nizhóní (“beautiful”) + -go (“adverbial suffix”) + nináánááhai (“again a year has passed”) + dooleeł (“it will be”)


dlǫ́ʼiiłgaii

dlǫ́ʼii (“weasel”) + łigai (“white”) + -ii (“nominalizer”)

Mustela erminea
Mustela erminea#Translingual


náhookǫsdę́ę́ʼ

head

náhookǫsdę́ę́ʼ


náhookǫsdę́ę́ʼ dlǫ́ʼii

náhookǫs (“north”) + -dę́ę́ʼ (“from”) + dlǫ́ʼii (“weasel”)

Martes americana
Martes americana#Translingual


shádiʼááh

a solid roundish object (SRO) starts to be carried


shádiʼááhdę́ę́ʼ

shádiʼááhdę́ę́ʼ


yilááh

shilááh (first-person singular)
nihilááh (duoplural first-person)
nilááh (second-person singular)
nihilááh (duoplural second-person)
bilááh (third-person)
yilááh (fourth-person)
halááh (fourth-person)
alááh (fourth-person singular)
álááh (reflexive singular)


łahgo

łah (“once, sometimes, at one time”) + -go (“adverbial suffix”)

łahgo áhoodzaa

there was a change; there was a change in the weather

łahgo áshłaa

łahgo atʼéego

in another way; a different part; differently; otherwise


dooleeł

Future tense 3rd person singular of nilį́ (“be”)

naashá

naasháa dooleeł

he/she/it will be, will become (third-person singular and duoplural future form of yileeh)


eʼeʼaah

eʼeʼaah (imperfective singular third-person)
iʼííʼą́ (perfective singular third-person)
iʼdooʼááł (future singular third-person)

ʼa- (“away”) + -ʼa- (unspecified person object prefix) + -∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -ʼaah (imperfective stem of root -ʼĄ́, “to handle SRO”)

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ʼaah</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ʼĄ́</i>

a solid roundish object (SRO) moves down


náhookǫs

ná- (“around”) + -hi- (seriative) + -oo- (yi-progressive 3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -kǫs (progressive stem of root -KĘ́Ę́Z, “a slender stiff object moves”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-kǫs</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-KĘ́Ę́Z</i>

nv-link-to-root

to turn over and over, turn around and around, revolve (of a slender stiff object)


haʼaʼaah

haʼaʼaah (imperfective singular third-person)
haʼííʼą́ (perfective singular third-person)
haʼdooʼááł (future singular third-person)

ha- (“up out”) + -ʼa- (unspecified person object prefix) + -∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -ʼaah (imperfective stem of root -ʼĄ́, “to handle SRO”)

nv-prefixes

(transitive) to take something unspecified out, to remove something

(intransitive) a solid roundish object (= the sun) moves up, rises


naalzheeh

naashzheeh (first-person imperfective singular)
neiilzheeh (duoplural first-person imperfective)
nideiilzheeh (first-person imperfective plural)
nanilzheeh (imperfective second-person singular)
naałzheeh (duoplural imperfective second-person)
nidaałzheeh (imperfective plural second-person)
naalzheeh (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
nidaalzheeh (imperfective plural third-person)
nijilzheeh (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
nidajilzheeh (fourth-person imperfective plural)
nishishzheeʼ (first-person perfective singular)
nishiilzheeʼ (duoplural first-person perfective)
nidashiilzheeʼ (first-person perfective plural)
nishínílzheeʼ (perfective second-person singular)
nishoołzheeʼ (duoplural perfective second-person)
nidashoołzheeʼ (perfective plural second-person)
naashzheeʼ (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
nidaashzheeʼ (perfective plural third-person)
nijishzheeʼ (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
nidajishzheeʼ (fourth-person perfective plural)
ndeeshzhah (first-person future singular)
ndiilzhah (duoplural first-person future)
ndadiilzhah (first-person future plural)
ndíílzhah (future second-person singular)
ndoołzhah (duoplural future second-person)
ndadoołzhah (future plural second-person)
ndoolzhah (duoplural future singular third-person)
ndadoolzhah (future plural third-person)
nizhdoolzhah (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
ndazhdoolzhah (fourth-person future plural)

na- (atelic, circuital) + -∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -l- (classifier, thematic) + -zheeh (continuative imperfective stem of root -ZHEEʼ, “to hunt”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-zheeh</i>

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ZHEEʼ</i>


naaghá

naashá (first-person imperfective singular)
neiitʼaash (duoplural first-person imperfective)
neiikai (first-person imperfective plural)
naniná (imperfective second-person singular)
naahʼaash (duoplural imperfective second-person)
naahkai (imperfective plural second-person)
naaghá (imperfective singular third-person)
naaʼaash (duoplural imperfective third-person)
naakai (imperfective plural third-person)
nijighá (fourth-person imperfective singular)
nijiʼaash (duoplural fourth-person imperfective)
nidajikai (fourth-person imperfective plural)
niséyá (first-person perfective singular)
nishiitʼáázh (duoplural first-person perfective)
nisiikai (first-person perfective plural)
nisíníyá (perfective second-person singular)
nishooʼáázh (duoplural perfective second-person)
nisoohkai (perfective plural second-person)
naayá (perfective singular third-person)
naazhʼáázh (duoplural perfective third-person)
naaskai (perfective plural third-person)
nijiyá (fourth-person perfective singular)
nijizhʼáázh (duoplural fourth-person perfective)
nijiskai (fourth-person perfective plural)
nideeshaał (first-person future singular)
nidiitʼash (duoplural first-person future)
niikah (first-person future plural)
nidíínaał (future second-person singular)
nidoohʼash (duoplural future second-person)
nidoohkah (future plural second-person)
nidoogaał (future singular third-person)
nidooʼash (duoplural future third-person)
nidookah (future plural third-person)
nizhdoogaał (fourth-person future singular)
nizhdooʼash (duoplural fourth-person future)
nizhdookah (fourth-person future plural)
nináshdaah (first-person singular)
ninéiitʼash (duoplural first-person)
ninéiikah (first-person plural)
ninánídaah (second-person singular)
nináhʼash (duoplural second-person)
nináhkah (plural second-person)
ninádaah (singular third-person)
nináʼash (duoplural third-person)
ninákah (plural third-person)
ninájídaah (fourth-person singular)
ninájíʼash (duoplural fourth-person)
ninájíkah (fourth-person plural)
naooshaʼ (first-person singular)
naootʼaash (duoplural first-person)
naookááh (first-person plural)
naóóyaʼ (second-person singular)
naoohʼaash (duoplural second-person)
naoohkááh (plural second-person)
naooyaʼ (singular third-person)
naooʼaash (duoplural third-person)
naookááh (plural third-person)
njóyaʼ (fourth-person singular)
njóʼaash (duoplural fourth-person)
njókááh (fourth-person plural)

na- (atelic, circuital) + -∅- (3rd person subject prefix) +
* ∅- (classifier) + -á (continuative imperfective stem of root -YÁ, “to go, to walk — 1 actor”)
* ∅- (classifier) + -ʼaash (continuative imperfective stem of root -ʼÁÁZH, “to go, to walk — 2 actors”)
* d- (classifier) + -kai (continuative imperfective stem of root -KAI, “to go, to walk — 3 actors”)

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-á</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-YÁ</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ʼaash</i>

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ʼÁÁZH</i>

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-kai</i>

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-KAI</i>

Marianne hádą́ą́ʼ Ahééhéshį́į́hgóó naayá?

Áłchíní daʼółtaʼígíí naaki nídeezidídą́ą́ʼ Wááshindoongóó naaskai.

The school children went to Washington two months ago.

Mary dóó Kii bimá sání yighandi naaʼaash.

Mary and Kee are at their grandmother’s house.

Ashiiké ółtaʼígíí kǫ́ǫ́ naaʼaash.

The two boys who are students, are around here.

(with -di or an adverb of place) he/she is at/in

Hastiin Hall Ohio hoolyéédę́ę́ʼ naaghá.

Mr. Hall hails from a place called Ohio.

Díí kweʼé atah daʼółtaʼígíí háádę́ę́ʼ ndaakai?

Diné bizaad bóhooshʼaahgo baa naashá.

Áłchíní haʼátʼíí yaa naakai?

(with baa) he/she is busy with; he/she is doing it

Chʼaa naashá ńtʼééʼ.

Yínííł naaghá.

(with yínííł “with mind”) he/she is sad/blue/worried

Ká naashá.

shił naaʼaash

my clan brother; my buddy; my cousin ("father’s sister’s son" or "mother’s brother’s son")

buddy, friend (used by males, the 3rd-person dual can be used in this way to refer to male cousins)


naabé

naashbé (first-person imperfective singular)
neiibé (duoplural first-person imperfective)
nideiibé (first-person imperfective plural)
nanibé (imperfective second-person singular)
naahbé (duoplural imperfective second-person)
nidaahbé (imperfective plural second-person)
naabé (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
nidaabé (imperfective plural third-person)
nijibé (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
nidajibé (fourth-person imperfective plural)
nisébį́į́ʼ (first-person perfective singular)
nisiibį́į́ʼ (duoplural first-person perfective)
nidasiibį́į́ʼ (first-person perfective plural)
nisíníbį́į́ʼ (perfective second-person singular)
nisoobį́į́ʼ (duoplural perfective second-person)
nidasoobį́į́ʼ (perfective plural second-person)
naazbį́į́ʼ (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
nidaazbį́į́ʼ (perfective plural third-person)
nijizbį́į́ʼ (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
nidajizbį́į́ʼ (fourth-person perfective plural)
ndeeshbeeł (first-person future singular)
ndiibeeł (duoplural first-person future)
ndadiibeeł (first-person future plural)
ndííbeeł (future second-person singular)
ndoohbeeł (duoplural future second-person)
ndadoohbeeł (future plural second-person)
ndoobeeł (duoplural future singular third-person)
ndadoobeeł (future plural third-person)
nizhdoobeeł (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
ndazhdoobeeł (fourth-person future plural)

na- (atelic, circuital) + -∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -bé (continuative imperfective stem of root -BĮ́Į́ʼ, “to swim”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-bé</i>

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-BĮ́Į́ʼ</i>


yidleesh

yishdleesh (first-person imperfective singular)
yiidleesh (duoplural first-person imperfective)
deiidleesh (first-person imperfective plural)
nidleesh (imperfective second-person singular)
wohdleesh (duoplural imperfective second-person)
daahdleesh (imperfective plural second-person)
yidleesh (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
deidleesh (imperfective plural third-person)
jidleesh (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dajidleesh (fourth-person imperfective plural)
shédléézh (first-person perfective singular)
shiidléézh (duoplural first-person perfective)
dashiidléézh (first-person perfective plural)
shínídléézh (perfective second-person singular)
shoodléézh (duoplural perfective second-person)
dashoodléézh (perfective plural second-person)
yizhdléézh (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
deizhdléézh (perfective plural third-person)
jizhdléézh (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dajizhdléézh (fourth-person perfective plural)
deeshdlish (first-person future singular)
diidlish (duoplural first-person future)
dadiidlish (first-person future plural)
díídlish (future second-person singular)
doohdlish (duoplural future second-person)
dadoohdlish (future plural second-person)
yidoodlish (duoplural future singular third-person)
deidoodlish (future plural third-person)
jidoodlish (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
dazhdoodlish (fourth-person future plural)

y- (3rd person object prefix) + -∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -dleesh (conclusive imperfective stem of root -DLÉÉZH, “to paint”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-dleesh</i>

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-DLÉÉZH</i>

he/she is spreading it (butter or jelly)


anátʼéézh

shinátʼéézh (first-person singular)
nihinátʼéézh (duoplural first-person)
danihinátʼéézh (first-person plural)
ninátʼéézh (second-person singular)
nihinátʼéézh (duoplural second-person)
danihinátʼéézh (plural second-person)
binátʼéézh (third-person)
yinátʼéézh (fourth-person)
hanátʼéézh (fourth-person)
anátʼéézh (indefinite)

Compound of anááʼ (“eye”) + tʼeesh (“charred remains, ash”).


asdzání

head

asdzání (possessed form beʼasdzáán, plural sáanii)

beʼasdzáán (possessed-form)
sáanii (plural)

ʼa- (unspecified person prefix) + -s- (ligature) + -dzą́ (“pitted, having a cavity or hole”, perfective stem) + -n- (ligature) + -í (nominalizer)


bee atsidítsoh

From bee (“with it”) + atsid (“he pounds something”) + -í (nominalizer) + -tsoh (“big”).


atseeʼ

sitseeʼ (first-person singular)
nihitseeʼ (duoplural first-person)
danihitseeʼ (first-person plural)
nitseeʼ (second-person singular)
nihitseeʼ (duoplural second-person)
danihitseeʼ (plural second-person)
bitseeʼ (third-person)
yitseeʼ (fourth-person)
hatseeʼ (fourth-person)
atseeʼ (indefinite)


atʼąąʼ

shitʼąąʼ (first-person singular)
nihitʼąąʼ (duoplural first-person)
danihitʼąąʼ (first-person plural)
nitʼąąʼ (second-person singular)
nihitʼąąʼ (duoplural second-person)
danihitʼąąʼ (plural second-person)
bitʼąąʼ (third-person)
yitʼąąʼ (fourth-person)
hatʼąąʼ (fourth-person)
atʼąąʼ (indefinite)

Díí chéchʼil bitʼąąʼ átʼé.


atah

shitah (first-person singular)
nihitah (duoplural first-person)
nitah (second-person singular)
nihitah (duoplural second-person)
bitah (third-person)
yitah (fourth-person)
hatah (fourth-person)
atah (fourth-person singular)
átah (reflexive singular)
ałtah (duoplural reciprocal)
ahiłtah (duoplural reciprocal)


baaʼ

From Proto-Athabaskan *-waˑʼɢ (“raid, make war”).

inh

heroine, warrior-girl (used as a component in many feminine personal names)


atsiitsʼiin

sitsiitsʼiin (first-person singular)
nihitsiitsʼiin (duoplural first-person)
danihitsiitsʼiin (first-person plural)
nitsiitsʼiin (second-person singular)
nihitsiitsʼiin (duoplural second-person)
danihitsiitsʼiin (plural second-person)
bitsiitsʼiin (third-person)
yitsiitsʼiin (fourth-person)
hatsiitsʼiin (fourth-person)
atsiitsʼiin (indefinite)


azágí

sizágí (first-person singular)
nihizágí (duoplural first-person)
danihizágí (first-person plural)
nizágí (second-person singular)
nihizágí (duoplural second-person)
danihizágí (plural second-person)
bizágí (third-person)
yizágí (fourth-person)
hazágí (fourth-person)
azágí (indefinite)


azhí

shizhí (first-person singular)
nihizhí (duoplural first-person)
danihizhí (first-person plural)
nizhí (second-person singular)
nihizhí (duoplural second-person)
danihizhí (plural second-person)
bizhí (third-person)
yizhí (fourth-person)
hazhí (fourth-person)
azhí (indefinite)


atsiiʼ

sitsiiʼ (first-person singular)
nihitsiiʼ (duoplural first-person)
danihitsiiʼ (first-person plural)
nitsiiʼ (second-person singular)
nihitsiiʼ (duoplural second-person)
danihitsiiʼ (plural second-person)
bitsiiʼ (third-person)
yitsiiʼ (fourth-person)
hatsiiʼ (fourth-person)
atsiiʼ (indefinite)

Possibly from Proto-Athabaskan *tsi̓ (“head”). Compare also Ket тыʼ (təˀ).

Bitsiiʼ ayóó áníłnéezgo tʼóó baa yánízin.


azhéʼé

shizhéʼé (first-person singular)
nihizhéʼé (duoplural first-person)
danihizhéʼé (first-person plural)
nizhéʼé (second-person singular)
nihizhéʼé (duoplural second-person)
danihizhéʼé (plural second-person)
bizhéʼé (third-person)
yizhéʼé (fourth-person)
hazhéʼé (fourth-person)
azhéʼé (indefinite)

shizhéʼé tʼáá ákwíí jį́ naalnish


ayęęzhii

shiyęęzhii (first-person singular)
nihiyęęzhii (duoplural first-person)
danihiyęęzhii (first-person plural)
niyęęzhii (second-person singular)
nihiyęęzhii (duoplural second-person)
danihiyęęzhii (plural second-person)
biyęęzhii (third-person)
yiyęęzhii (fourth-person)
hayęęzhii (fourth-person)
ayęęzhii (indefinite)
sheʼayęęzhii (first-person singular)
niheʼayęęzhii (duoplural first-person)
daniheʼayęęzhii (first-person plural)
neʼayęęzhii (second-person singular)
niheʼayęęzhii (duoplural second-person)
daniheʼayęęzhii (plural second-person)
beʼayęęzhii (third-person)
yeʼayęęzhii (fourth-person)
hweʼayęęzhii (fourth-person)
ayęęzhii (indefinite)

/ʔɑ̀.jẽ̀ː.ʒìː/

ayęęzhii shibéezhgo


ánéeltʼeʼ

áníiltʼeʼ (duoplural first-person perfective)
ánóołtʼeʼ (duoplural perfective second-person)
ánéeltʼeʼ (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
ázhnéeltʼeʼ (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)

ʼá- (comparative) + -ní- (comparative) + -∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -l- (classifier) + -tʼé (perfective stem of root -TʼEʼ, “to be”)

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-tʼé</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-TʼEʼ</i>

Aghá ánéeltʼeʼ.

Aʼoh ánéeltʼeʼ.


aseezį́

aseezį́ nisdzin


-bąs

imperfective verb stem: to go by rolling on wheels (automobile, wagon, etc.)


báhádzidii

From bééhádzid (“it is dangerous”, from -DZÍÍD, “to be afraid, fearful”) + -ii (nominalizer).


naaʼeeł

naashʼeeł (first-person imperfective singular)
neiiʼeeł (duoplural first-person imperfective)
nideiiʼeeł (first-person imperfective plural)
naniʼeeł (imperfective second-person singular)
naahʼeeł (duoplural imperfective second-person)
nidaahʼeeł (imperfective plural second-person)
naaʼeeł (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
nidaaʼeeł (imperfective plural third-person)
nijiʼeeł (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
nidajiʼeeł (fourth-person imperfective plural)
niséʼéél (first-person perfective singular)
nisiiʼéél (duoplural first-person perfective)
nidasiiʼéél (first-person perfective plural)
nisíníʼéél (perfective second-person singular)
nisooʼéél (duoplural perfective second-person)
nidasooʼéél (perfective plural second-person)
naazʼéél (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
nidaazʼéél (perfective plural third-person)
nijizʼéél (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
nidajizʼéél (fourth-person perfective plural)
ndeeshʼoł (first-person future singular)
ndiiʼoł (duoplural first-person future)
ndadiiʼoł (first-person future plural)
ndííʼoł (future second-person singular)
ndoohʼoł (duoplural future second-person)
ndadoohʼoł (future plural second-person)
ndooʼoł (duoplural future singular third-person)
ndadooʼoł (future plural third-person)
nizhdooʼoł (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
ndazhdooʼoł (fourth-person future plural)

na- (atelic, circuital) + -∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -ʼeeł (imperfective stem of root -ʼÉÉL, “to float”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ʼeeł</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ʼÉÉL</i>

Dah naaʼeeł