sin

biyiin (possessed-form)
shiyiin (first-person singular)
nihiyiin (duoplural first-person)
danihiyiin (first-person plural)
niyiin (second-person singular)
nihiyiin (duoplural second-person)
danihiyiin (plural second-person)
biyiin (third-person)
yiyiin (fourth-person)
hayiin (fourth-person)
ayiin (indefinite)

From Proto-Athabaskan *xʸən (“shaman's power, medicine, song”). Related to -YĮĮD (“to be holy”), from Proto-Athabaskan *ɣʸən (“to act as a shaman, to be endowed with supernatural powers”).
Compare Ahtna sen (“spiritual power, medicine”), Koyukon sən (“shaman's spirit”), Gwich'in shan (“shamanism, magic”), Tlingit shí, shī, shi(n) (“sing, song”), Eyak tsį, Dena'ina shen, Galice šan (“song”), Lipan shį̀.


tó

head

tó (possessed form -toʼ, prefixal form tá-)

-toʼ (possessed-form)
shitoʼ (first-person singular)
nihitoʼ (duoplural first-person)
danihitoʼ (first-person plural)
nitoʼ (second-person singular)
nihitoʼ (duoplural second-person)
danihitoʼ (plural second-person)
bitoʼ (third-person)
yitoʼ (fourth-person)
hatoʼ (fourth-person)
atoʼ (indefinite)

From Proto-Athabaskan *tuˑ (“water”). Cognates include Western Apache tú and Chiricahua tú.

Shí éí tó tʼéiyá bee danihisį́į́h ńtʼééʼ; ndi bí tʼéí Níłchʼi Diyinii yee danihisį́įh dooleeł.

1985, Diyin God Bizaad: The Holy Bible in Navajo, Mark 1:8:

I indeed have baptized you with water; but he shall baptize you with the Holy Ghost.

Tó éí iiná átʼé.


ní

dishní (first-person singular)
diiʼní (duoplural first-person)
dadiiʼní (first-person plural)
diní (second-person singular)
dohní (duoplural second-person)
dadohní (plural second-person)
ní (duoplural singular third-person)
daaní (plural third-person)
jiní (duoplural fourth-person singular)
dajiní (fourth-person plural)
dííniid (first-person perfective singular)
diiʼniid (duoplural first-person perfective)
dadiiʼniid (first-person perfective plural)
dííníniid (perfective second-person singular)
dooniid (duoplural perfective second-person)
dadooniid (perfective plural second-person)
dííniid (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
dadííniid (perfective plural third-person)
jidííniid (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dazhdííniid (fourth-person perfective plural)
dideeshniił (first-person future singular)
didiiʼniił (duoplural first-person future)
dadidiiʼniił (first-person future plural)
didííniił (future second-person singular)
didoohniił (duoplural future second-person)
dadidoohniił (future plural second-person)
didooniił (duoplural future singular third-person)
dadidooniił (future plural third-person)
dizhdooniił (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
dazhdidooniił (fourth-person future plural)
ńdíshʼniih (first-person singular)
ńdiiʼniih (duoplural first-person)
ńdadiiʼniih (first-person plural)
ńdíʼniih (second-person singular)
ńdóhʼniih (duoplural second-person)
ńdadohʼniih (plural second-person)
ńdíʼniih (duoplural singular third-person)
ńdadiʼniih (plural third-person)
nízhdíʼniih (duoplural fourth-person singular)
ńdazhdiʼniih (fourth-person plural)
dóshneʼ (first-person singular)
dooʼneʼ (duoplural first-person)
dadooʼneʼ (first-person plural)
dóóneʼ (second-person singular)
doohneʼ (duoplural second-person)
dadoohneʼ́ (plural second-person)
dóneʼ (duoplural singular third-person)
dadóneʼ (plural third-person)
jidóneʼ (duoplural fourth-person singular)
dazhdóneʼ (fourth-person plural)

di- (“oral”) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -ní (neuter imperfective stem of root -NIID, “to say”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ní</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-NIID</i>

Dooda, dishní!


óola

Borrowed from Spanish oro (“gold”). Spanish (and Italian) cards traditionally had chalices, gold coins (instead of diamonds), swords, and batons.


bisóodi

From early modern Mesoamerican Spanish pitzote, from Classical Nahuatl pitzotl (“pig”). Compare Hopi pitsooti.


yáłtiʼ

yáshtiʼ (first-person imperfective singular)
yéiiltiʼ (duoplural first-person imperfective)
yádeiiltiʼ (first-person imperfective plural)
yáníłtiʼ (imperfective second-person singular)
yáłtiʼ (duoplural imperfective second-person)
yádaałtiʼ (imperfective plural second-person)
yáłtiʼ (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
yádaałtiʼ (imperfective plural third-person)
yájíłtiʼ (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
yádajiłtiʼ (fourth-person imperfective plural)
yááłtiʼ (first-person perfective singular)
yéiiltiʼ (duoplural first-person perfective)
yádeiiltiʼ (first-person perfective plural)
yéíníłtiʼ (perfective second-person singular)
yáoołtiʼ (duoplural perfective second-person)
yádaoołtiʼ (perfective plural second-person)
yááłtiʼ (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
yádááłtiʼ (perfective plural third-person)
yájííłtiʼ (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
yádajííłtiʼ (fourth-person perfective plural)
yádeeshtih (first-person future singular)
yádiiltih (duoplural first-person future)
yádadiiltih (first-person future plural)
yádííłtih (future second-person singular)
yádoołtih (duoplural future second-person)
yádadoołtih (future plural second-person)
yádoołtih (duoplural future singular third-person)
yádadoołtih (future plural third-person)
yázhdoołtih (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
yádazhdoołtih (fourth-person future plural)

yá- (thematic) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier) + -tiʼ (durative imperfective stem of root -TIʼ, “to talk”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-tiʼ</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-TIʼ</i>

Naʼáłchíní hólǫ́ǫgo éí nizaad bee bichʼįʼ yáníłtiʼ. Nihimá dóó nihizhéʼé Bilagáana bizaad bił nantłʼah ndi Bilagáanají nihichʼįʼ yádááłtiʼ ńtʼééʼ.

If you have children, talk to them in your language. Our mothers and fathers spoke to many of us in the white man’s language even though it was difficult for them.

Daʼ Diné bizaadísh beeyáníłtiʼ?


alzhish

ashzhish (first-person imperfective singular)
iilzhish (duoplural first-person imperfective)
daʼiilzhish (first-person imperfective plural)
ílzhish (imperfective second-person singular)
ołzhish (duoplural imperfective second-person)
daʼołzhish (imperfective plural second-person)
alzhish (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
daʼalzhish (imperfective plural third-person)
ajilzhish (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
daʼjilzhish (fourth-person imperfective plural)
eeshzhiizh (first-person perfective singular)
iilzhiizh (duoplural first-person perfective)
daʼiilzhiizh (first-person perfective plural)
íínílzhiizh (perfective second-person singular)
oołzhiizh (duoplural perfective second-person)
daʼoołzhiizh (perfective plural second-person)
oolzhiizh (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
daʼoolzhiizh (perfective plural third-person)
ajoolzhiizh (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
daʼjoolzhiizh (fourth-person perfective plural)
adeeshzhish (first-person future singular)
adiilzhish (duoplural first-person future)
daʼdiilzhish (first-person future plural)
adíílzhish (future second-person singular)
adoołzhish (duoplural future second-person)
daʼdoołzhish (future plural second-person)
adoolzhish (duoplural future singular third-person)
daʼdoolzhish (future plural third-person)
azhdoolzhish (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
dazhʼdoolzhish (fourth-person future plural)

ʼa- (unspecified person object prefix) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -l- (classifier) + -zhish (imperfective stem of root -ZHIIZH, “to poke, move rhythmically”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-zhish</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ZHIIZH</i>


nił

shił (first-person singular)
nihił (duoplural first-person)
nił (second-person singular)
nihił (duoplural second-person)
bił (third-person)
yił (fourth-person)
hił (fourth-person)
ił (fourth-person singular)
ádił (reflexive singular)
ahił (duoplural reciprocal)


nił

From -nił (“to pound”), from + -neʼ (imperfective stem of root -NEʼ, “to propel a solid roundish object”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-neʼ</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-NEʼ</i>


naʼałkaahí

From naʼałkaah (“investigate”) + -í (“nominalizer”).


nímasii

From nímaz (“it is spherical”, from -MÁÁZ, “to roll”) + -ii (nominalizer).


naaʼołí

naaʼoł (“it droops down”) + -í (nominalizer)


beeʼeldǫǫh

shibeeʼeldǫǫh (first-person singular)
nihibeeʼeldǫǫh (duoplural first-person)
danihibeeʼeldǫǫh (first-person plural)
nibeeʼeldǫǫh (second-person singular)
nihibeeʼeldǫǫh (duoplural second-person)
danihibeeʼeldǫǫh (plural second-person)
bibeeʼeldǫǫh (third-person)
yibeeʼeldǫǫh (fourth-person)
habeeʼeldǫǫh (fourth-person)
abeeʼeldǫǫh (indefinite)

Literally, “an explosion is made with it”. Compare bee.

beeʼeldǫǫh tʼáá bíniʼdii bikʼa ádiih yiyiinííłígíí

chidí naaʼnaʼí beeʼeldǫǫh bikááʼ dah naaznilígíí

chidí naaʼnaʼí beeʼeldǫǫhtsoh bikááʼ dah naaznilígíí


ałchʼįʼ beʼestłʼóní

head

ałchʼįʼ beʼestłʼóní

ałchʼįʼ beʼestłʼóní

ałchʼįʼ (“together”) + beʼeshtłʼǫ́ (“to tie it, tie a knot in it”) + -í (nominalizer)


chʼil łichxíʼí

chʼil (“plant, vegetable”) + łichxíʼí (“red”)


abeʼ yistiní

abeʼ (“milk”) + yistin (“it is frozen”) + -í (“nominalizer”)

Ákweʼé abeʼ yistiní nidahaniih


tsísʼná bitłʼizh

tsísʼná (“honey bee”) + bitłʼizh (“its bile”)


abeʼ bee neezmasí

abeʼ (“milk”) + bee (“by means of it”) + neezmas (“it gets round”) + -í (nominalizer)


naadą́ą́ʼ

/nɑ̀ːtɑ̃́ːʔ/

From anaaʼ (“alien, enemy”) + dą́ą́ʼ (“food”), literally “enemy's food”, referring to the introduction of corn into the Navajo diet from Pueblo peoples, with whom early Navajos were often in conflict.


chʼiyáán

chʼiyąʼ (possessed-form)
shichʼiyąʼ (first-person singular)
nihichʼiyąʼ (duoplural first-person)
danihichʼiyąʼ (first-person plural)
nichʼiyąʼ (second-person singular)
nihichʼiyąʼ (duoplural second-person)
danihichʼiyąʼ (plural second-person)
bichʼiyąʼ (third-person)
yichʼiyąʼ (fourth-person)
hachʼiyąʼ (fourth-person)
achʼiyąʼ (indefinite)

Díí chʼiyáán ayóo áhálniih lá.

Shimá sání bichʼiyąʼ bíhásááh.


ahwééh

From Spanish café. Doublet of gohwééh. False cognate of South Levantine Arabic قهوة ('ahwe).


naʼazhǫǫsh

na- (“round about”) + ʼa- (“something, someone”, 3rd person indefinite objective-subject pronoun) + -zhǫǫsh (“to play the hoop-and-pole game”, imperfective stem). Compare Chipewyan thųth (“spear”)


atsįʼ

sitsįʼ (first-person singular)
nihitsįʼ (duoplural first-person)
danihitsįʼ (first-person plural)
nitsįʼ (second-person singular)
nihitsįʼ (duoplural second-person)
danihitsįʼ (plural second-person)
bitsįʼ (third-person)
yitsįʼ (fourth-person)
hatsįʼ (fourth-person)
atsįʼ (indefinite)
sheʼatsįʼ (first-person singular)
niheʼatsįʼ (duoplural first-person)
daniheʼatsįʼ (first-person plural)
neʼatsįʼ (second-person singular)
niheʼatsįʼ (duoplural second-person)
daniheʼatsįʼ (plural second-person)
beʼatsįʼ (third-person)
yeʼatsįʼ (fourth-person)
hweʼatsįʼ (fourth-person)
atsįʼ (indefinite)

From Proto-Athabaskan *tsənʸ (“flesh, meat”). Cognate with Ket ись.

sheʼatsįʼ

sitsįʼ


abeʼ

shibeʼ (first-person singular)
nihibeʼ (duoplural first-person)
danihibeʼ (first-person plural)
nibeʼ (second-person singular)
nihibeʼ (duoplural second-person)
danihibeʼ (plural second-person)
bibeʼ (third-person)
yibeʼ (fourth-person)
habeʼ (fourth-person)
abeʼ (indefinite)
sheʼabeʼ (first-person singular)
niheʼabeʼ (duoplural first-person)
daniheʼabeʼ (first-person plural)
neʼabeʼ (second-person singular)
niheʼabeʼ (duoplural second-person)
daniheʼabeʼ (plural second-person)
beʼabeʼ (third-person)
yeʼabeʼ (fourth-person)
hweʼabeʼ (fourth-person)
abeʼ (indefinite)

a- (3rd-person indefinite possessive pronoun) + -beʼ (stem)

sheʼabeʼ

shibeʼ


tązhii

From the root -TĄZH (“to peck with a beak”).

Tązhii bitsįʼ náʼáshdį́įhgo bił nánísdziih.


naaki góneʼ yéigo daʼahijoogą́ą́ʼ

naaki góneʼ (“second”) + yéigo (“seriously”) + daʼahijoogą́ą́ʼ (“there was war”), from daʼahijigą́ (“they kill one another”)


beeʼeldǫǫhtsoh

From beeʼeldǫǫh (“gun”) + -tsoh (“big”).


neeshchʼíínímazí

/nèːʃt͡ʃʼíːnɪ́mɑ̀zɪ́/

neeshchʼííʼ (“pine nut”) + nímaz (“it is round”) + -í (“nominalizer”)


neeshchʼííʼ

shineeshchʼííʼ (first-person singular)
nihineeshchʼííʼ (duoplural first-person)
danihineeshchʼííʼ (first-person plural)
nineeshchʼííʼ (second-person singular)
nihineeshchʼííʼ (duoplural second-person)
danihineeshchʼííʼ (plural second-person)
bineeshchʼííʼ (third-person)
yineeshchʼííʼ (fourth-person)
haneeshchʼííʼ (fourth-person)
aneeshchʼííʼ (indefinite)

/nèːʃt͡ʃʼíːʔ/

(singular or plural) nut (can refer to nuts in general, but this term is not exactly equivalent to the English word "nut" because one cannot call any particular kind of nut a neeshchʼííʼ unless it is a pine nut; other types of nuts have their own names.)


Wikiibíídiiya

/wɪ̀kʰìːpíːtìːjɑ̀/

From English Wikipedia, from Hawaiian wikiwiki (“fast, quick”) and English encyclopedia.


ínsadoobíídiiya

/ʔɪ́nsɑ̀tòːpíːtìːjɑ̀/


chʼil

annual plant, weed, vegetable, vegetation


chʼil gohwéhí

chʼil (“plant, vegetable”) + gohwééh (“coffee”), from English coffee

af

tea, especially Navajo tea (Thelesperma spp.), wild tea


bisóodi bitsįʼ yikʼánígíí

bisóodi (“hog”) + bitsįʼ (“its meat”), from atsįʼ (“meat, flesh”) + yikʼánígíí (“which is ground”)


bisóodi bitsįʼ

bisóodi (“hog”) + bitsįʼ (“its meat”), from atsįʼ (“meat, flesh”)


bizhééʼ hólóní

bizhééʼ (“his saliva”), from azhééʼ (“saliva”) + hólóní (“the one that has”), from hólǫ́ (“there is”) + -í (“nominalizer”)


tłʼohchin díchʼííʼí

tłʼohchin (“onion”) + díchʼííʼ (“it is hot, piquant”) + -í (“nominalizer”)


binááʼ

shinááʼ (first-person singular)
nihinááʼ (duoplural first-person)
danihinááʼ (first-person plural)
ninááʼ (second-person singular)
nihinááʼ (duoplural second-person)
danihinááʼ (plural second-person)
binááʼ (third-person)
yinááʼ (fourth-person)
hanááʼ (fourth-person)
anááʼ (indefinite)

bi- (“his, her, their, its”) + anááʼ (“eye, seed”)

its seed (plant seed, seeds of trees other than fruit trees)

kʼeelyéí

seeds of cultivated plants such as corn, grain, garden crops


łid

bilid (possessed-form)
shilid (first-person singular)
nihilid (duoplural first-person)
danihilid (first-person plural)
nilid (second-person singular)
nihilid (duoplural second-person)
danihilid (plural second-person)
bilid (third-person)
yilid (fourth-person)
halid (fourth-person)
alid (indefinite)

From the root -LID (“to burn”), from Proto-Athabaskan *łəd (“smoke”). Cognate with Tsuut'ina tłi, Chipewyan łʊr, Beaver łʊd, Carrier łʊd, Sekani łʊd, Ahtna łet.


bisóodi bijáád

bisóodi (“pig”) + bijáád (“its leg”), from ajáád (“leg”)


tó doo bidééłníní

tó (“water”) + doo (“not”) + bidééłní (“will have an effect on”) + -í (“nominalizer”)


doolghas

di- (adjectival) + -oo- (yi-perfective 3rd person subject prefix) + -l- (classifier) + -ghas (neuter perfective stem of root -GHAZ, “to scratch”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ghas</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-GHAZ</i>


atsooʼ

tsó- (in-compounds)
sitsooʼ (first-person singular)
nihitsooʼ (duoplural first-person)
danihitsooʼ (first-person plural)
nitsooʼ (second-person singular)
nihitsooʼ (duoplural second-person)
danihitsooʼ (plural second-person)
bitsooʼ (third-person)
yitsooʼ (fourth-person)
hatsooʼ (fourth-person)
atsooʼ (indefinite)


bisóodi bitsįʼ niheeshchʼiizhígíí

bisóodi (“pig”) + bitsįʼ (“its flesh”) + niheeshchʼiizh (“it was sawed up”) + -ígíí (“nominalizer”)


chʼiyáán ííłʼíní

head

chʼiyáán ííłʼíní

chʼiyáán ííłʼíní

chʼiyáán (“food”) + ííłʼį́ (“to do as a profession”) + -í (“nominalizer”)


chizh

Cognate with Western Apache chizh, Chipewyan tsez, Beaver chvch, Carrier tsez, Sekani tsvz, Ahtna tsets.

wood, log, firewood, kindling, dead wood


naaʼahóóhai bichʼííʼ

naaʼahóóhai (“chicken”) + bi- (“its”) + achʼííʼ (“guts”)


naaltsoos

shinaaltsoos (first-person singular)
nihinaaltsoos (duoplural first-person)
danihinaaltsoos (first-person plural)
ninaaltsoos (second-person singular)
nihinaaltsoos (duoplural second-person)
danihinaaltsoos (plural second-person)
binaaltsoos (third-person)
yinaaltsoos (fourth-person)
hanaaltsoos (fourth-person)
anaaltsoos (indefinite)

na- (“around, about”) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + l- (classifier) + -tsoos (“carry a flat flexible object”, imperfective verb stem)

papers, documentation, printed material:


tsé

sitseʼ (first-person singular)
nihitseʼ (duoplural first-person)
danihitseʼ (first-person plural)
nitseʼ (second-person singular)
nihitseʼ (duoplural second-person)
danihitseʼ (plural second-person)
bitseʼ (third-person)
yitseʼ (fourth-person)
hatseʼ (fourth-person)
atseʼ (indefinite)

From Proto-Athabaskan *tseˑ, from Proto-Na-Dene *caj. Cognates include Western Apache tséé and Chiricahua tsé and possibly Ket ты’сь.


alzhishí

alzhish (“he/she dances”) + -í (nominalizer)


jooł nikídílniihí

jooł (“ball”) + nikídílniih (“it is dribbled”) + -í (nominalizer)


hazaʼaleehtsoh

From hazaʼaleeh (“herb”) + -tsoh (“big”).

wide-wing springparsley (Vesper purpurascens, syn. Cymopterus purpurascens)

Apium graveolens
Apium graveolens#Translingual


naaltsoos wóltaʼí

naaltsoos (“page, book”) + wóltaʼ (“it is read”) + -í (“nominalizer”)


tsénił

tsé (“stone”) + -nił (“to pound”), from + -neʼ (imperfective stem of root -NEʼ, “to propel a solid roundish object”). See nił.


beeʼódleehí

bee (“by means of it”) + ódleeh (“to trap”) + -í (“nominalizer”)


naalté

shinaalteʼ (first-person singular)
nihinaalteʼ (duoplural first-person)
danihinaalteʼ (first-person plural)
ninaalteʼ (second-person singular)
nihinaalteʼ (duoplural second-person)
danihinaalteʼ (plural second-person)
binaalteʼ (third-person)
yinaalteʼ (fourth-person)
hanaalteʼ (fourth-person)
anaalteʼ (indefinite)


naatʼáanii

/naː˨tʼaː˦˨niː˨/

NihiNaatʼáanii Barack Obama éí Wááshindoondi Alą́ąjįʼ dahsidáhígíí yá yilwoł.

President Barack Obama is running for President.


bááh ííłʼíní

bááh ííłʼíní

bááh ííłʼíní


bizaad

shizaad (first-person singular)
nihizaad (duoplural first-person)
danihizaad (first-person plural)
nizaad (second-person singular)
nihizaad (duoplural second-person)
danihizaad (plural second-person)
bizaad (third-person)
yizaad (fourth-person)
hazaad (fourth-person)
azaad (indefinite)

bi- (“his/her/its/their”) + saad (“word, language, speech”)

Kéyah Dańlíinii bikáaʼgi kéédahatʼínígíí bizaad


ééʼ neishoodii

From ééʼ (“shirt”) + neishood (“he drags it around”) + -ii (nominalizer).


hataałii

From hataał (“he sings”) + -ii (nominalizing suffix).


bisóodi ałchiní

bisóodi (“pig”) + ałchin (“wild”) + -í (“nominalizer”)


azeeniłchin

Literally, a (medicinal) herb which has an odor, from azeeʼ (“medicine”) + niłchin (“it has an odor”, neuter imperfective)


tłʼoh naadą́ą́ʼ

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tłʼoh naadą́ą́ʼ

tłʼoh naadą́ą́ʼ


azeedíchʼííʼ

/ʔàzèːtɪ́t͡ʃʼíːʔ/

azeeʼ (“medicine”) + díchʼííʼ (“hot, piquant”)

af

azeedíchʼííʼ daaltsogo ayóo dadíchʼíʼígíí


ábishjaaʼ

chʼosh doo yitʼíinii dláádí dóó ábishjaaʼ


tódiłhił

tó (“water”) + diłhił (“it causes dizziness”)


wáán

Borrowed from English wine, from Middle English win, from Old English wīn, from Proto-West Germanic *wīn, from Latin vīnum.


saadtah

From saad (“words”) + -tah (“among”), lit. "among words" or "in the midst of words".


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beeʼeldǫǫh tʼáá bíniʼdii bikʼa ádiih yiyiinííłígíí


eʼelyaaígíí

From eʼelyaa (“photograph”) + -ígíí (nominalizer).

af

the photograph, the picture, the replica, the image (definitive form of eʼelyaa)


naadą́ą́ʼ dootłʼizhí

gruel, blue corn mush (made from ground blue maize/blue cornmeal)


nátʼostseʼ

nátʼoh (“tobacco”) + -s- (ligature) + atseeʼ (“tail”)


waaʼ

Navajo spinach, beeweed (Cleome serrulata)


aseezį́ binaaltsoos

From aseezį́ (“gossip”) and bi- (“third-person possessive”) + naaltsoos (“pages”).


béésh astʼogii

From béésh (“flint”) + astʼod (“stuck in something”) + -g- (ligature) + -ii (nominalizer).


gohwééh

Ńdiiʼnééh! ʼAhwééh łaʼ nidlą́!

Gohwééh éí shił łikan.

Kʼad gohwééh łaʼ shaa níkaah!


naaʼahóóhai

agricultural show (at a tribal, county, or state fair)


łáaʼii góneʼ yéigo daʼahijoogą́ą́ʼ

łáaʼii góneʼ (“first”) + yéigo (“seriously”) + daʼahijoogą́ą́ʼ (“there was war”), from daʼahijigą́ (“they kill one another”)


tó doo bináká nílíní

tó (“water”) + doo (“not”) + bináká (“through it”) + nílį́ (“it flows”) + -í (“nominalizer”)

Díí bee adlání tó doo bináká nílíní bee ályaa


łeetsʼaaʼ

biłeetsʼaʼ (possessed-form)
shiłeetsʼaʼ (first-person singular)
nihiłeetsʼaʼ (duoplural first-person)
danihiłeetsʼaʼ (first-person plural)
niłeetsʼaʼ (second-person singular)
nihiłeetsʼaʼ (duoplural second-person)
danihiłeetsʼaʼ (plural second-person)
biłeetsʼaʼ (third-person)
yiłeetsʼaʼ (fourth-person)
hałeetsʼaʼ (fourth-person)
ałeetsʼaʼ (indefinite)

łeezh (“soil, earth”) + tsʼaaʼ (“basket”)


achʼííʼ

shichʼííʼ (first-person singular)
nihichʼííʼ (duoplural first-person)
danihichʼííʼ (first-person plural)
nichʼííʼ (second-person singular)
nihichʼííʼ (duoplural second-person)
danihichʼííʼ (plural second-person)
bichʼííʼ (third-person)
yichʼííʼ (fourth-person)
hachʼííʼ (fourth-person)
achʼííʼ (indefinite)

/ʔɑ̀t͡ʃʼíːʔ/

Possibly from the root -CHʼÍÍʼ (“to burn, be hot, spicy”).


naabé

naashbé (first-person imperfective singular)
neiibé (duoplural first-person imperfective)
nideiibé (first-person imperfective plural)
nanibé (imperfective second-person singular)
naahbé (duoplural imperfective second-person)
nidaahbé (imperfective plural second-person)
naabé (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
nidaabé (imperfective plural third-person)
nijibé (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
nidajibé (fourth-person imperfective plural)
nisébį́į́ʼ (first-person perfective singular)
nisiibį́į́ʼ (duoplural first-person perfective)
nidasiibį́į́ʼ (first-person perfective plural)
nisíníbį́į́ʼ (perfective second-person singular)
nisoobį́į́ʼ (duoplural perfective second-person)
nidasoobį́į́ʼ (perfective plural second-person)
naazbį́į́ʼ (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
nidaazbį́į́ʼ (perfective plural third-person)
nijizbį́į́ʼ (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
nidajizbį́į́ʼ (fourth-person perfective plural)
ndeeshbeeł (first-person future singular)
ndiibeeł (duoplural first-person future)
ndadiibeeł (first-person future plural)
ndííbeeł (future second-person singular)
ndoohbeeł (duoplural future second-person)
ndadoohbeeł (future plural second-person)
ndoobeeł (duoplural future singular third-person)
ndadoobeeł (future plural third-person)
nizhdoobeeł (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
ndazhdoobeeł (fourth-person future plural)

na- (atelic, circuital) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -bé (continuative imperfective stem of root -BĮ́Į́ʼ, “to swim”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-bé</i>

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-BĮ́Į́ʼ</i>


asdzání

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asdzání (possessed form beʼasdzáán, plural sáanii)

beʼasdzáán (possessed-form)
sáanii (plural)

ʼa- (unspecified person prefix) + -s- (ligature) + -dzą́ (“pitted, having a cavity or hole”, perfective stem) + -n- (ligature) + -í (nominalizer)


yiyą́

yishą́ (first-person imperfective singular)
yiidą́ (duoplural first-person imperfective)
deiidą́ (first-person imperfective plural)
niyą́ (imperfective second-person singular)
wohsą́ (duoplural imperfective second-person)
daohsą́ (imperfective plural second-person)
yiyą́ (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
deiyą́ (imperfective plural third-person)
jiyą́ (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dajiyą́ (fourth-person imperfective plural)
yíyą́ą́ʼ (first-person perfective singular)
yiidą́ą́ʼ (duoplural first-person perfective)
deiidą́ą́ʼ (first-person perfective plural)
yíníyą́ą́ʼ (perfective second-person singular)
wooyą́ą́ʼ (duoplural perfective second-person)
daooyą́ą́ʼ (perfective plural second-person)
yiyííyą́ą́ʼ (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
dayííyą́ą́ʼ (perfective plural third-person)
jííyą́ą́ʼ (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
dajííyą́ą́ʼ (fourth-person perfective plural)
deeshį́į́ł (first-person future singular)
diidį́į́ł (duoplural first-person future)
dadiidį́į́ł (first-person future plural)
dííyį́į́ł (future second-person singular)
doohsį́į́ł (duoplural future second-person)
dadoohsį́į́ł (future plural second-person)
yidooyį́į́ł (duoplural future singular third-person)
deidooyį́į́ł (future plural third-person)
jidooyį́į́ł (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
dazhdooyį́į́ł (fourth-person future plural)

y- (3rd person object prefix) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -yą́ (durative imperfective stem of root -YĄ́Ą́ʼ, “to eat”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-yą́</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-YĄ́Ą́ʼ</i>


taaʼniil

abínídą́ą́ʼ taaʼniil shéłbéézh


haneʼ binaaltsoos

From haneʼ (“news”) and bi- (“third-person possessive”) + naaltsoos (“pages”).


azeeʼ neiikáhí

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azeeʼ neiikáhí (plural azeeʼ nideiikáhí)

azeeʼ (“medicine”) + neiiká (“he/she carries it about”), from -kaah (imperfective stem for handling a substance contained in an open container), plus -í (nominalizer)


jooł yitalí

jooł (“ball”) + yital (“it is kicked”) + -í (nominalizer)

af

Jooł yitalí yee nidaané

Dallas éí Giants yikʼijįʼ nidaanéego jooł yitalí yee nidaanéé ńtʼééʼ

Dallas played football against the Giants.

Jooł Yitalíjí Akéeʼdi Ahąąh Honinééhígíí


binantʼaʼí

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binantʼaʼí (possessed form of naatʼáanii)


díkʼǫ́ǫ́zh

di- (“sensory”) + -◌́- (ni-modal 3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -kʼǫ́ǫ́zh (neuter perfective stem of root -KʼǪSH, “to be sour, spoiled”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-kʼǫ́ǫ́zh</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-KʼǪSH</i>


kʼaaʼ

bikʼaʼ (possessed-form)
shikʼaʼ (first-person singular)
nihikʼaʼ (duoplural first-person)
danihikʼaʼ (first-person plural)
nikʼaʼ (second-person singular)
nihikʼaʼ (duoplural second-person)
danihikʼaʼ (plural second-person)
bikʼaʼ (third-person)
yikʼaʼ (fourth-person)
hakʼaʼ (fourth-person)
akʼaʼ (indefinite)

From Proto-Athabaskan *-q’aʔ, cognates include Western Apache kʼaaʼ and Chipewyan k’á.


łeeʼshibéézh

łeeʼ (“in the ground”) + shibéézh (“it is cooked”)

chicos (the kernels of an ear of corn that has been roasted and dried, then the kernels removed and stored until cooking time)


tó łikaní

tó (“water”) + łikan (“it is tasty, it is sweet”) + -í (nominalizing suffix)


tó łichxíʼí

tó (“water”) + łichxííʼ (“to be orange, to be reddish orange”) + -í (nominalizing suffix)


áłtsé góneʼ yéigo daʼahijoogą́ą́ʼ

áłtsé (“first”) + góneʼ (ordinal marker) + yéigo (“seriously”) + daʼahijoogą́ą́ʼ (“there was war”), from daʼahijigą́ (“they kill one another”)


hashkééjí naatʼááh

hashké (“warrior”) + -jí (“on the side of”) + naatʼááh (“he orates”)


hashké

ho- (“space, area, things”) + -sh- (“angry”) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -ké (neuter imperfective stem of root -KEED, “to scold”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ké</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-KEED</i>


naadą́ą́ʼ dilchxoshí

naadą́ą́ʼ (“corn”) + dilchxosh (“effervesce, pop”) + -í (“nominalizer”)


tó dilchxoshí

tó (“water”) + dilchxosh (“effervesce, pop”) + -í (nominalizer)


neeznáá dah yíjihí

(card games) Navajo tens (a popular card game similar to gin rummy)


akałii

/ʔɑ̀kʰɑ̀ɬìː/


atsʼos bee alzhishí

atsʼos (“feather”) + bee (“by means of it”) + alzhish (“he dances”) + -í (“nominalizer”)

atsʼos bee alzhishí baa naʼaldeeh

atsʼos yee alzhishí


adlą́

ashdlą́ (first-person imperfective singular)
iidlą́ (duoplural first-person imperfective)
daʼiidlą́ (first-person imperfective plural)
ídlą́ (imperfective second-person singular)
ohdlą́ (duoplural imperfective second-person)
daʼohdlą́ (imperfective plural second-person)
adlą́ (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
daʼadlą́ (imperfective plural third-person)
ajidlą́ (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
daʼjidlą́ (fourth-person imperfective plural)
eeshdlą́ą́ʼ (first-person perfective singular)
iidlą́ą́ʼ (duoplural first-person perfective)
daʼiidlą́ą́ʼ (first-person perfective plural)
íínídlą́ą́ʼ (perfective second-person singular)
oohdlą́ą́ʼ (duoplural perfective second-person)
daʼoohdlą́ą́ʼ (perfective plural second-person)
oodlą́ą́ʼ (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
daʼoodlą́ą́ʼ (perfective plural third-person)
ajoodlą́ą́ʼ (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
daʼjoodlą́ą́ʼ (fourth-person perfective plural)
adeeshdlį́į́ł (first-person future singular)
adiidlį́į́ł (duoplural first-person future)
daʼdiidlį́į́ł (first-person future plural)
adíídlį́į́ł (future second-person singular)
adoohdlį́į́ł (duoplural future second-person)
daʼdoohdlį́į́ł (future plural second-person)
adoodlį́į́ł (duoplural future singular third-person)
daʼdoodlį́į́ł (future plural third-person)
azhdoodlį́į́ł (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
dazhʼdoodlį́į́ł (fourth-person future plural)

ʼa- (unspecified person object prefix) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -d- (classifier) + -dlą́ (imperfective stem of root -DLĄ́Ą́ʼ, “to drink”)

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-dlą́</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-DLĄ́Ą́ʼ</i>

he/she/it drinks something, gets a drink, gets drunk, takes a drink


ayą́

ashą́ (first-person imperfective singular)
iidą́ (duoplural first-person imperfective)
daʼiidą́ (first-person imperfective plural)
íyą́ (imperfective second-person singular)
ohsą́ (duoplural imperfective second-person)
daʼohsą́ (imperfective plural second-person)
ayą́ (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
daʼayą́ (imperfective plural third-person)
ajiyą́ (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
daʼjiyą́ (fourth-person imperfective plural)
ííyą́ą́ʼ (first-person perfective singular)
iidą́ą́ʼ (duoplural first-person perfective)
daʼiidą́ą́ʼ (first-person perfective plural)
ííníyą́ą́ʼ (perfective second-person singular)
ooyą́ą́ʼ (duoplural perfective second-person)
daʼooyą́ą́ʼ (perfective plural second-person)
ííyą́ą́ʼ (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
daʼííyą́ą́ʼ (perfective plural third-person)
ajííyą́ą́ʼ (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
daʼjííyą́ą́ʼ (fourth-person perfective plural)
adeeshį́į́ł (first-person future singular)
adiidį́į́ł (duoplural first-person future)
daʼdiidį́į́ł (first-person future plural)
adííyį́į́ł (future second-person singular)
adoohsį́į́ł (duoplural future second-person)
daʼdoohsį́į́ł (future plural second-person)
adooyį́į́ł (duoplural future singular third-person)
daʼdooyį́į́ł (future plural third-person)
azhdooyį́į́ł (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
dazhʼdooyį́į́ł (fourth-person future plural)

ʼa- (unspecified person object prefix) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -yą́ (durative imperfective stem of root -YĄ́Ą́ʼ, “to eat”).

nv-prefixes

Shí dóó Jáan baʼáłchíní éí Mary bighandi daʼiidą́

John’s children and I are eating at Mary’s house.


ahóóhai

Shortening of naaʼahóóhai (“rodeo”), which referred to the popular chicken-pull, a Native-American contest in horsemanship in which the rider tries at full gallop to snatch up a half-buried chicken.


dóola bił naalgeedígíí

dóola (“bull”) + bił (“with it”) + naalgeed (“it bucks”) + -ígíí (“nominalizer”)


bił ńdaʼalgeedgo náyiiláhígíí

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bił ńdaʼalgeedgo náyiiláhígíí (plural bił ńdaʼalgeedgo ńdayiiláhígíí)

bił (“with him”) + naalgeed (“it bucks”) + da- (“plural marker”) + -go (“adverbial marker”) + náyiizlááʼ (“he gathered them”) + -ígíí (“nominalizer”)


łį́į́ʼ tʼáá dilkǫǫhgo naalgeedígíí

łį́į́ʼ (“horse”) + tʼáá (“just”) + dilkǫǫh (“smooth”, in reference to saddle-less) + -go (adverbial marker) + naalgeed (“it bucks”) + -ígíí (nominalizer)


béégashii yáázh wódleehígíí

béégashii (“cow”) + yáázh (“little”) + wódleeh (“it is roped”) + -ígíí (nominalizer)


dóola naalgeedígíí

dóola (“bull”) + naalgeed (“it bucks”) + -ígíí (“nominalizer”)


béégashii ałtsʼą́ą́ʼ wódleehígíí

béégashii (“cow”) + ałtsʼą́ą́ʼ (“in opposite directions”) + wódleeh (“it is roped”) + -ígíí (“nominalizer”)


łį́į́ʼ bikʼídahaznilgo naalgeedígíí

łį́į́ʼ (“horse”) + bikʼídahaznil (“things are set on it”) (bikʼí (“on it”) + da- (“plural marker”) + ha- (“up”) + -z- (“deictic pronoun”) + -nil (“several objects are handled, perfective stem”)) + -go (“adverbial marker”) + naalgeed (“it bucks”) + -ígíí (“nominalizer”)


tóshjeeh binaago łį́į́ʼ náádadiilwoʼígíí

tóshjeeh (“water barrel”) + binaa (“around it”) + -go (“adverbial marker”) + łį́į́ʼ (“horse”) + náádadiilwoʼ (“they run around”) + -ígíí (“nominalizer”)


béégashii yáázh tʼóó yisdlohígíí

béégashii (“cow”) + yáázh (“little”) + tʼóó (“merely, just”) + yisdloh (“it is roped”) + -ígíí (nominalizer)


béégashii bikʼos náágisgo neheʼníłígíí

béégashii (“cow”) + bikʼos (“its neck”) + náágisgo (“it is turned”) + neheʼníł (“it is taken down”) + -ígíí (“nominalizer”)


tséʼástʼéí

piki, Indian paper cornbread, a paper-thin, dry, rolled bread made with nixtamalized blue corn meal, adopted from the Hopi.


azeeʼííłʼíní

azeeʼííłʼíní

azeeʼ (“medicine”) + ííłʼį́ (“he makes it”) + -í (“nominalizer”)


daanéʼé

chidí daanéʼé

hooghan daanéʼé

mósí bidaanéʼé


Diné bizaad yee naazbaaʼígíí

Diné bizaad (“Navajo language”) + yee (“by means of it”) + naazbaaʼ (“he went to war”) + -ígíí (nominalizer)

With the Navajo language they helped defeat the enemy

Diné Bizaad yee atah naayééʼ yikʼehdeesdlį́į́ʼ


naʼałkǫ́ǫ́ʼ

naʼashkǫ́ǫ́ʼ (first-person imperfective singular)
naʼiilkǫ́ǫ́ʼ (duoplural first-person imperfective)
ndaʼiilkǫ́ǫ́ʼ (first-person imperfective plural)
naʼíłkǫ́ǫ́ʼ (imperfective second-person singular)
naʼołkǫ́ǫ́ʼ (duoplural imperfective second-person)
ndaʼołkǫ́ǫ́ʼ (imperfective plural second-person)
naʼałkǫ́ǫ́ʼ (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
ndaʼałkǫ́ǫ́ʼ (imperfective plural third-person)
nʼjiłkǫ́ǫ́ʼ (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
ndaʼjiłkǫ́ǫ́ʼ (fourth-person imperfective plural)
niʼséłkǫ́ǫ́ʼ (first-person perfective singular)
niʼsiilkǫ́ǫ́ʼ (duoplural first-person perfective)
ndaʼsiilkǫ́ǫ́ʼ (first-person perfective plural)
niʼsíníłkǫ́ǫ́ʼ (perfective second-person singular)
niʼsoołkǫ́ǫ́ʼ (duoplural perfective second-person)
ndaʼsoołkǫ́ǫ́ʼ (perfective plural second-person)
naʼaskǫ́ǫ́ʼ (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
ndaʼaskǫ́ǫ́ʼ (perfective plural third-person)
nʼjiskǫ́ǫ́ʼ (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
ndaʼjiskǫ́ǫ́ʼ (fourth-person perfective plural)
nʼdeeshkǫǫł (first-person future singular)
nʼdiilkǫǫł (duoplural first-person future)
ndaʼdiilkǫǫł (first-person future plural)
nʼdííłkǫǫł (future second-person singular)
nʼdoołkǫǫł (duoplural future second-person)
ndaʼdoołkǫǫł (future plural second-person)
nʼdoołkǫǫł (duoplural future singular third-person)
ndaʼdoołkǫǫł (future plural third-person)
nizhʼdoołkǫǫł (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
ndazhʼdoołkǫǫł (fourth-person future plural)

na- (atelic, circuital) + -ʼa- (unspecified person object prefix) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier, thematic) + -kǫ́ǫ́ʼ (continuative imperfective stem of root -KǪ́Ǫ́’, “to swim”).

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-kǫ́ǫ́ʼ</i>

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-KǪ́Ǫ́’</i>


wótááhgóó ałnááʼáłtʼahí

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wótááhgóó ałnááʼáłtʼahí

wótááhgóó ałnááʼáłtʼahí

nv:wótááhgóó ałnááʼáłtʼahí


ałtį́į́ʼ

sheʼałtį́į́ʼ (first-person singular)
niheʼałtį́į́ʼ (duoplural first-person)
daniheʼałtį́į́ʼ (first-person plural)
neʼałtį́į́ʼ (second-person singular)
niheʼałtį́į́ʼ (duoplural second-person)
daniheʼałtį́į́ʼ (plural second-person)
beʼałtį́į́ʼ (third-person)
yeʼałtį́į́ʼ (fourth-person)
hweʼałtį́į́ʼ (fourth-person)
ałtį́į́ʼ (indefinite)

sheʼałtį́į́ʼ


haigo ahąą honinééh

Olympic Winter Games
Olympic Winter Games


éélkid

Naʼníʼá Hótsaa hoolyéhígíí, chidí naatʼaʼídę́ę́ʼ éélkid

The place called Page, Arizona, photographed from an airplane.


ahąą honinééh

Ahąą honinééhígíí éí London hoolyéedi baa naʼaldeeh


naʼałkǫ́ǫ́ʼ yee ałhaʼdikááh

Ryan Lochte éí naʼałkǫ́ǫ́ʼ yee ałhaʼdikááh yee atah

Ryan Lochte is competing in the swimming event.

Naʼałkǫ́ǫ́ʼ yee ałhadidookah

Naʼałkǫ́ǫ́ʼ yee ałhadeeskai


bááh nímazí

bááh ("bread") + nímaz ("it is round") + -í (nominalizer)


náneeskaadítéél

náneeskaadí (“tortilla”) + -téél (imperfective verb stem, to be wide); compare niteel.


náneeskaadí

náneeskaad (“it was patted, slapped”) + -í (nominalizer)


naaltsoos saad bee siʼánígíí

naaltsoos ("book") + saad ("word") + bee ("with it") + siʼą́ ("it is located") + -n- (ligature) + -ígíí (nominalizer)


biiʼndaʼaʼnéhé

biiʼ (“in, within”) + ndaané (“they are playing”), from naané (“he is playing”)

com

Biiʼndaʼaʼnéhégóó deetʼáázh.


yiyání

From yiyą́ (“he eats it”) + -í (nominalizer).


alą́ąjįʼ dahsidáhígíí

alą́ąjįʼ (“ahead, in front”) + dah (“elevated”) + sidá (“he is sitting”) + -ígíí (nominalizer).

Wááshindoon Alą́ąjįʼ Dahsidáhígíí


atooʼ

a- (neutral possessive pronoun) + tó (“water”)


chiiłchin

tsi- (combining form of tsin, “wood”) + -łchin (“smells like”), from -ł- (classifier) + -chą́ą́ʼ (perfective stem meaning “smell”, “odor”)


naadą́ą́ʼ łeesʼáán

head

naadą́ą́ʼ łeesʼáán

naadą́ą́ʼ łeesʼáán


łeesʼáán

łeezh (“ground, ashes”) + siʼą́ (“it sits”) + -n- (ligature) + -í (nominalizer)

bread (a type made from maize, and baked in ashes or in an outdoor oven)


jooł nabíznítaałí

association football
association football


jooł yikalí

jooł (“ball”) + yikal (“it is swatted, batted”) + -í (nominalizer)


jooł iih nálniihí

jooł (“ball”) + iih (“into something”) + nálniih (“it is repeatedly tossed”) + -í (nominalizer)


haʼní

ho- (“space, area, things”) + -di- (“oral”) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -d- (classifier) + -ní (neuter imperfective stem of root -NIID, “to say”).
Like with ní (“he says”), di- deletes in the third person, but only optionally: hodiʼní.

nowrap

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-ní</i>

<i class="Latn mention" lang="nv">-NIID</i>

Kinłání doo ayóo deesdoi da łeh haʼní

Flagstaff is usually not very hot, it is said.


bááh łikaní bigháhoodzání

bááh (“bread”) + łikan (“sweet”) + -í (nominalizer) + bighá (“through it”) + hoodzą́ (“there is a hole”) + -í (nominalizer)

Bááh łikaní bigháhoodzání hólǫ́ǫ́góó díínááł dóó ahwééh bił díídlį́į́ł!

Go to a place that has doughnuts and have it with coffee!


Sǫʼtah Anah

/sõ̀ʔtʰɑ̀h ʔɑ̀nɑ̀ːʔ/

From sǫʼ (“stars”) + -tah (“among”) + anaaʼ (“state of war”).


neeshjįzhii

shelled and dried łeeʼshibéézh (corn that has been roasted and steamed in its husk)


tó łikoní

[txʷó ɬìkxʷʰòní]

From tó (“water”) and łikon (“flammable”).


head

Jooł Yitalíjí Akéeʼdi Ahąąh Honinééhígíí

jooł yitalí (“football”) + -jí (“on the side”) (=on the field of football) + akééʼ (“behind”) + -di (“at”) (=the final one) + ahąąh (“side-by-side”) + honinééh (“he competes”) + -ígíí (nominalizer) (=playing against one another)

af

Jooł Yitalíjí Akéeʼdi Ahąąh Honinéehgo Łį́į́ʼ dóó Tábąąhdę́ę́ʼ Giní ałkʼijįʼ ndaané.

During the Super Bowl, the Broncos are playing against the Seahawks.


báʼóltaʼí

báʼííníshtaʼí (first-person imperfective singular)
báʼííníiltaʼí (duoplural first-person imperfective)
bádaʼííníiltaʼí (first-person imperfective plural)
báʼííníłtaʼí (imperfective second-person singular)
báʼíínółtaʼí (duoplural imperfective second-person)
bádaʼíínółtaʼí (imperfective plural second-person)
yáʼółtaʼí (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
yádaʼółtaʼí (imperfective plural third-person)
báʼájółtaʼí (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
bádaʼjółtaʼí (fourth-person imperfective plural)
báʼííłtaʼí (first-person perfective singular)
báʼíiltaʼí (duoplural first-person perfective)
bádaʼíiltaʼí (first-person perfective plural)
báʼííníłtaʼí (perfective second-person singular)
báʼóołtaʼí (duoplural perfective second-person)
bádaʼóołtaʼí (perfective plural second-person)
yáʼííłtaʼí (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
yádaʼííłtaʼí (perfective plural third-person)
báʼájííłtaʼí (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
bádaʼjííłtaʼí (fourth-person perfective plural)
báʼíídéeshtahí (first-person future singular)
báʼíídíiltahí (duoplural first-person future)
bádaʼíídíiltahí (first-person future plural)
báʼíídííłtahí (future second-person singular)
báʼíídóołtahí (duoplural future second-person)
bádaʼíídóołtahí (future plural second-person)
yáʼíídóołtahí (duoplural future singular third-person)
yádaʼíídóołtahí (future plural third-person)
báʼíízhdóołtahí (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
bádaʼíízhdóołtahí (fourth-person future plural)

bá (“for him/her”) + óltaʼ (“reading is done”) + -í (nominalizer)

Báʼóltaʼí shíká análwoʼ.

Báʼóltaʼí nishłį́.

báʼííníshtaʼí

báʼííníłtaʼí

yáʼółtaʼí

báʼííníiltaʼí

báʼíínółtaʼí


Adakai

From adikaʼí (“gambler, card player”), from adishkaʼ (“to play cards”), from adi- (prefix made of indefinite object pronoun ʼa- and di-, a thematic element in bases relating to adultery) + -kaʼ (continuous imperfective stem, to act in a manner involving flatness), + -í (nominalizer).


yiłní

bidishní (first-person imperfective singular)
bidiiʼní (duoplural first-person imperfective)
dabidiiʼní (first-person imperfective plural)
bidiní (imperfective second-person singular)
bidohní (duoplural imperfective second-person)
dabidohní (imperfective plural second-person)
yiłní (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
deiłní (imperfective plural third-person)
bijiní (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dabijiní (fourth-person imperfective plural)

y- (3rd person object prefix) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier) + -ní (neuter imperfective stem of root -NIID, “to say”).

nv-prefixes

Dashiłní.


bee akʼeʼelchíhí

bee (“with it”) + akʼeʼelchí (“one writes”) + -í (“nominalizer”)


naalchiʼí

naalchiʼ (“he scouts the enemy”) + -í (nominalizer)


dííkʼǫsh

From the perfective 3sg of dikʼǫsh (“to be sour, spoiled”).


oołbįįh

ooshbįįh (first-person imperfective singular)
iiniilbįįh (duoplural first-person imperfective)
daʼiiniilbįįh (first-person imperfective plural)
iiniłbįįh (imperfective second-person singular)
iinołbįįh (duoplural imperfective second-person)
daʼiinołbįįh (imperfective plural second-person)
oołbįįh (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
daʼoołbįįh (imperfective plural third-person)
ajoołbįįh (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
daʼjoołbįįh (fourth-person imperfective plural)
iiséłbą́ (first-person perfective singular)
iisiilbą́ (duoplural first-person perfective)
daʼiisiilbą́ (first-person perfective plural)
iisíníłbą́ (perfective second-person singular)
iisoołbą́ (duoplural perfective second-person)
daʼiisoołbą́ (perfective plural second-person)
oosbą́ (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
daʼoosbą́ (perfective plural third-person)
ajoosbą́ (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
daʼjoosbą́ (fourth-person perfective plural)
iideeshbįįł (first-person future singular)
iidiilbįįł (duoplural first-person future)
daʼiidiilbįįł (first-person future plural)
iidííłbįįł (future second-person singular)
iidoołbįįł (duoplural future second-person)
daʼiidoołbįįł (future plural second-person)
iidoołbįįł (duoplural future singular third-person)
daʼiidoołbįįł (future plural third-person)
iizhdoołbįįł (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
daʼiizhdoołbįįł (fourth-person future plural)

he/she is winning (by chance), winning a card game, winning the jackpot


adiitsʼaʼii

adiistsʼaʼ (“he/she understands”) + -ii (nominalizer)


chidíʼánéílʼíní

head

chidíʼánéílʼíní

chidí (“automobile, car”) + ánéílʼí (“he makes it again, repairs it”) + -í (“nominalizer”)

mechanic (one who repairs automobiles), auto repairman


naabaahii

From naabaah (“he raids about”) + -ii (nominalizer).


aghaʼdiitʼaahii

lawyer (professional person authorized to practice law), attorney


báasdos

Borrowed from Spanish bastos (“batons”). Spanish (and Italian) cards traditionally had chalices, gold coins, swords, and batons.


góobas

Borrowed from Spanish copas (“chalices”). Spanish (and Italian) cards traditionally had chalices, gold coins, swords, and batons.


asbáala

Borrowed from Spanish espadas (“swords”). Spanish (and Italian) cards traditionally had chalices, gold coins, swords, and batons.


ałkʼíniilgizh

jerky (thin strips of meat dried and preserved by exposure to the sun)


hał

club (weapon used by Naayééʼ Neizghání to kill Fear)


achʼííʼ yázhí

achʼííʼ yázhí

Compound of achʼííʼ (“sausage”) + yázhí (“small”).


yidiłní

bidishní (first-person imperfective singular)
bidiilní (duoplural first-person imperfective)
dabidiilní (first-person imperfective plural)
bidíłní (imperfective second-person singular)
bidołní (duoplural imperfective second-person)
dabidołní (imperfective plural second-person)
yidiłní (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
deidiłní (imperfective plural third-person)
bizhdiłní (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
dabizhdiłní (fourth-person imperfective plural)

y- (3rd person object prefix) + -di- (thematic) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier) + -ní (neuter imperfective stem of root -NIID, “to say”).

nv-prefixes

Tsídii bidishní.

Néʼéshjaaʼ mósí yidiłní.


ání

ádíshní (first-person singular)
ádiiʼní (duoplural first-person)
ádadiiʼní (first-person plural)
ádíní (second-person singular)
ádóhní (duoplural second-person)
ádadohní (plural second-person)
ání (duoplural singular third-person)
ádaaní (plural third-person)
ájíní (duoplural fourth-person singular)
ádajiní (fourth-person plural)
ádííniid (first-person perfective singular)
ádiiʼniid (duoplural first-person perfective)
ádadiiʼniid (first-person perfective plural)
ádííníniid (perfective second-person singular)
ádooniid (duoplural perfective second-person)
ádadooniid (perfective plural second-person)
ádííniid (duoplural perfective singular third-person)
ádadííniid (perfective plural third-person)
ájidííniid (duoplural fourth-person perfective singular)
ádazhdííniid (fourth-person perfective plural)
ádideeshniił (first-person future singular)
ádidiiʼniił (duoplural first-person future)
ádadidiiʼniił (first-person future plural)
ádidííniił (future second-person singular)
ádidoohniił (duoplural future second-person)
ádadidoohniił (future plural second-person)
ádidooniił (duoplural future singular third-person)
ádadidooniił (future plural third-person)
ádizhdooniił (duoplural fourth-person future singular)
ádazhdidooniił (fourth-person future plural)
áńdíshʼniih (first-person singular)
áńdiiʼniih (duoplural first-person)
áńdadiiʼniih (first-person plural)
áńdíʼniih (second-person singular)
áńdóhʼniih (duoplural second-person)
áńdadohʼniih (plural second-person)
áńdíʼniih (duoplural singular third-person)
áńdadiʼniih (plural third-person)
ánízhdíʼniih (duoplural fourth-person singular)
áńdazhdiʼniih (fourth-person plural)
ádóshneʼ (first-person singular)
ádooʼneʼ (duoplural first-person)
ádadooʼneʼ (first-person plural)
ádóóneʼ (second-person singular)
ádoohneʼ (duoplural second-person)
ádadoohneʼ́ (plural second-person)
ádóneʼ (duoplural singular third-person)
ádadóneʼ (plural third-person)
ázhdóneʼ (duoplural fourth-person singular)
ádazhdóneʼ (fourth-person plural)

ʼá- (“thus”) + -di- (“oral”) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -ní (neuter imperfective stem of root -NIID, “to say”).

Atʼéés bimósí yázhí ání.

Shimá yázhí bidibé ádaaní.


ííłní

ábidishní (first-person imperfective singular)
ábidiiʼní (duoplural first-person imperfective)
ádabidiiʼní (first-person imperfective plural)
ábidiní (imperfective second-person singular)
ábidohní (duoplural imperfective second-person)
ádabidohní (imperfective plural second-person)
ííłní (duoplural imperfective singular third-person)
ádeiłní (imperfective plural third-person)
ábijiní (duoplural fourth-person imperfective singular)
ádabijiní (fourth-person imperfective plural)

ʼá- (“thus”) + -y- (3rd person object prefix) + ∅- (3rd person subject prefix) + -ł- (classifier) + -ní (neuter imperfective stem of root -NIID, “to say”).

John bilį́į́ʼ shaʼdooltééł biniiyé ábidishní.


kǫʼ yiniłtsésí

From kǫʼ (“fire”) + yiniłtséés (“he extinguishes it”) + -í (nominalizer), literally “the one that extinguishes fires”.


nanidaahii

na- (atelic, circuital) + -ni- (modal) + -DÁ (“to sit — 1 actor”) + -ii (nominalizer)