-с

Forms nouns from nouns and verbs, sometimes with no apparent change of meaning.


-изм

Borrowed from Russian -изм (-izm), ultimately from French -isme.


-д

-d (alternative)
-т (alternative)
-ад (alternative)
-ид (alternative)
-нд (alternative)
-анд (alternative)
-инд (alternative)

Compare Proto-Tungusic *-da (“locative and dative suffix”), Proto-Turkic *-da (“locative and dative suffix”).

cog

Аав над энэ номыг өгсөн.


-д

мод (mod) (tree), модод (trees), моднууд (trees)

морь (morʹ) (horse), морьд (horses)

нохой (noxoj) (dog), ноход (dogs)

plural marker for a small number of nouns.


-т

Таван цагт явна.

Dative-locative case marker equating to to, at, or in in English. It is used to show the indirect object of a sentence, or to indicate the time or the place an action will happen.


-т

Originally a short form of the comitative case -тай (-taj). Now a derivational suffix

forms adjectives from nouns and verbs, with the meaning of "with." Sometimes referred to as ornative.


оо

rounded back vowel harmonic form of аа (aa)


-он

rounded back vowel harmonic form of -ан (-an)


-на

back vowel
front vowel
unrounded
-на (-na)
-нэ
rounded
-но
-нө

The durative tense suffix, expressing future for dynamic verbs and present for stative verbs


-на

mn-suffix

-на • (-na) (Mongolian spelling ᠊ᠨᠠ (-n-a))

᠊ᠨᠠ (Mongolian)
back vowel
front vowel
unrounded
-на (-na)
-нэ
rounded
-но
-нө

From the original stems ending in *-n suffixed with Proto-Mongolic *-a, a locative case suffix.

Forms locational adverbs from spatial roots


-но

rounded back vowel harmonic form of -на (-na)


-ад

-ad (romanization)
back vowel
front vowel
unrounded
-ад
-эд
rounded
-од
-өд

Alternative form of -д (-d) marking the dative-locative case for certain noun stems ending in д, з, п, с, т, ф, х or ц.


-и

Derived from Russian -ия f (-ija, “-y, -ey, -ia, -ium”) and -ий m (-ij, “-ius”).

der+

Alternative form: -∅

Итали

Бельги

Маврики

Used in place of Russian -ия (-ija) and -ий (-ij) in loanwords with stems that do not end in с (s) or ц (c).


-ан

-an (romanization)
back vowel
front vowel
unrounded
-ан
-эн
rounded
-он
-өн
-н (alternative)
-ин (alternative)

Marks the attributive form of a noun in the hidden-n declension after a stem ending in the consonant б (b), в (v), г (g), д (d), з (z), к (k), л (l), м (m), п (p), р (r), с (s), т (t), ф (f), х (x) or ц (c).


-ин

-in (romanization)
-н (alternative)
-ан (alternative)

Marks the attributive form of a noun in the hidden-n declension after a stem ending in the consonant ж (ž), ч (č), ш (š) or щ (šč).


-ын

-yn (romanization)
-ийн (alternative)
-ы (alternative)
-ий (alternative)
-н (alternative)
-ны (alternative)
-ний (alternative)
-ины (alternative)
-иний (alternative)
-гийн (alternative)

From Classical Mongolian ᠤᠨ (-un) and ᠶᠢᠨ (-yin), from Middle Mongol ᠤᠨ (-un) and ᠶᠢᠨ (-yin).

гар (gar, “hand”) + -ын (-yn) → гарын (garyn, “hand’s, of hand”)

Marks the genitive case in the regular declension:

After a back vowel stem ending in the consonant б (b), в (v), д (d), з (z), л (l), м (m), п (p), р (r), с (s), т (t), ф (f), х (x) or ц (c).

барга (barga, “Barag”) + -ын (-yn) → баргын (bargyn, “of the Barag”)

After a back vowel stem ending in a consonant followed by a short vowel (which is supplanted).

сая (saja, “million”) + -ын (-yn) → саяын (sajayn, “of a million”).

After a back vowel stem ending in an iotated vowel.

Мөнхбаатар (Mönxbaatar, given name) + -ын (-yn) → Мөнхбаатрын (Mönxbaatryn, patronymic)


-ий

-ii (romanization)
-ын (alternative)
-ийн (alternative)
-ы (alternative)
-н (alternative)
-ны (alternative)
-ний (alternative)
-ины (alternative)
-иний (alternative)
-гийн (alternative)

From Classical Mongolian ᠢ (-i) and ᠡᠢ (-ei).

эмгэн (emgen, “old woman”) + -ий (-ii) → эмгэний (emgenii, “old woman's”)

Marks the genitive case in the regular declension after a front vowel stem ending in н (n).


-өөрэй

mn-suffix-form

-өөрэй • (-öörej)

rounded front vowel harmonic form of -аарай (-aaraj)


-ч

Mongolian Cyrillic
 ᠊ᠴᠢ
(-či) -ч
(-č)
Inherited from Classical Mongolian ᠊ᠴᠢ (-či, denominal agent suffix), from Middle Mongol ᠊ᠴᠢ (-ṣy /-či/, indefinite denominal agent suffix). Compare Proto-Turkic *-či.

inh

Forms agent nouns from nouns and verbal nouns in -г (-g)


-ч

Mongolian Cyrillic
 ᠊ᠴᠤ
(-ču) -ч
(-č)
 Mongolian Cyrillic
 ᠊ᠴᠦ
(-čü) -ч
(-č)
Inherited from Classical Mongolian ᠊ᠴᠤ (-ču) and ᠊ᠴᠦ (-čü), variants of ᠊ᠵᠤ (-ǰu) and ᠊ᠵᠦ (-ǰü) used after consonant stems in ᠊ᠪ (-b), ᠊ᠭ (-ɣ), ᠊ᠭ (-g), ᠊ᠷ (-r) ᠊ᠰ (-s) and ᠊ᠳ (-d).

inh+

variant form of -ж (-ž, imperfective converb suffix)


-ж

The imperfective converb, expresses simultaneity of action and a progressive aspect.


-тай

-taj (romanization)
back vowel
front vowel
unrounded
-тай
rounded
-той

Mongolian Cyrillic
 ᠊ᠲᠠᠢ
(-tai) -тай
(-taj)


-тай

-taj (romanization)
back vowel
front vowel
unrounded
-тай
rounded
-той
-итай (alternative)

Mongolian Cyrillic
 ᠲᠠᠢ
(-tai) -тай
(-taj)
From the development of the derivational suffix into a case form.

муур (muur, “cat”) + -тай (-taj) → мууртай (muurtaj, “with the cat”)

In the regular and hidden-n declensions after a stem ending in a consonant.

малгай (malgaj, “hat”) + -тай (-taj) → малгайтай (malgajtaj, “with a hat”)

In the regular and hidden-n declensions after a long vowel, diphthong, iotated vowel or short vowel (which is retained).

туурь (tuurʹ, “ruins”) + -тай (-taj) → туурьтай (tuurʹtaj, “with the ruins”)

In the regular and hidden-n declensions after a stem ending in б (b), в (v), г (g), л (l), м (m), н (n) or р (r) followed by ь (ʹ) or и (i) (which is retained).

хувин (xuvin, “bucket”) + -тай (-taj) → хувинтай (xuvintaj, “[along] with a bucket”)

Marks the comitative case:
In the hidden-g declension.

чи арвантай болно.


дахь

mn-clitic

дахь • (daxʹ)

daxʹ (romanization)
back vowel
front vowel

Compare Buryat -дахи (-daxi), -тахи (-taxi), -дохи (-doxi), -тохи (-toxi). Compare Turkic -ta-qï; compare Tuvan -дагы (-dagı), -тагы (-tagı); Kazakh -дағы (-dağy), -тағы (-tağy); Uyghur ـدىكى (-diki), ـتىكى (-tiki); Turkish -daki, -taki; etc.

ханан дахь нүх

гадаад орнууд дахь дипломатууд

(after oblique) Used to connect a substantive with its location (either spatial or temporal) attributively

зургаа дахь парламент

(after nominative) Used to form an ordinal numeral from the original cardinal


-лаг

mn-suffix

-лаг • (-lag) (Mongolian spelling ᠯᠢᠭ (lig))

-lag (romanization)
ᠯᠢᠭ (Mongolian)
back vowel
front vowel
unrounded
-лаг
-лэг
rounded
-лог
-лөг

From Proto-Turkic *-lïg forming possessive adjectives, compare Turkish -li.

(uses nouns to form adjectives and nouns denoting abundance of the base term)


-сан

-san (romanization)
back vowel
front vowel
unrounded
-сан
-сэн
rounded
-сон
-сөн

Inherited from Proto-Mongolic *-gsan, compare Daur -seng.


ᠳᠤ

ᠲᠧᠾᠷᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ

Dative-locative case marker equating to to, at, or in in English. It is used to show the indirect object of a sentence, or to indicate the time or the place an action will happen.


өө

rounded front vowel harmonic form of аа (aa)


-той

rounded back vowel harmonic form of -тай (-taj)


-тэй

front vowel harmonic form of -тай (-taj)


-аарай

-aaraj (romanization)
back vowel
front vowel
unrounded
-аарай
-ээрэй
rounded
-оорой
-өөрэй

угаагаарай

манайд ирээрэй

надад нэг аяга кофе өгөөрэй

ороорой

the future imperative, also called the "demand" verbal suffix, used to make requests that one knows would be met


-оорой

rounded back vowel harmonic form of -аарай (-aaraj)


-ээрэй

unrounded front vowel harmonic form of -аарай (-aaraj)


-сэн

unrounded front vowel harmonic form of -сан (-san)


-сон

rounded back vowel harmonic form of -сан (-san)


-сөн

rounded front vowel harmonic form of -сан (-san)


-чууд

-čuud (romanization)
back vowel
front vowel
-ууд (alternative)


-үүд

mn-suffix-form

-үүд • (-üüd)

front vowel harmonic form of -ууд (-uud)


-ы

-y (alternative)
-ын (alternative)
-ийн (alternative)
-ий (alternative)
-н (alternative)
-ны (alternative)
-ний (alternative)
-ины (alternative)
-иний (alternative)
-гийн (alternative)

From Classical Mongolian ᠢ (-i) and ᠠᠢ (-ai).

чидун (čidun, “olive tree”) + -ы (-y) → чидуны (čiduny, “olive tree's”)

Marks the genitive case in the regular declension after a back vowel stem ending in н (n).


-дах

mn-suffix

-дах • (-dax) (Mongolian spelling ᠳᠠᠬᠤ (daqu))

-dax (romanization)
ᠳᠠᠬᠤ (Mongolian)
back vowel
front vowel
unrounded
-дах
-дэх
rounded
-дох
-дөх

тос (tos)

тосдох (tosdox)

(forming verbs out of nouns)
to use (a tool, a substance)

хүзүү (xüzüü)

хүзүүдэх (xüzüüdex)

чулуу (čuluu)

чулуудах (čuluudax)

(forming verbs out of nouns)
to hit with

газар (gazar)

газардах (gazardax)

(forming verbs out of nouns)
to be subject to

(forming verbs out of nouns)
(with a numeral):
to occur that many times

(forming verbs out of nouns)
(with a numeral):
to divide into that many


-дах

-дах • (-dax) (Mongolian spelling ᠳᠬᠤ (dqu))

-dax (romanization)
ᠳᠬᠤ (Mongolian)
back vowel
front vowel
unrounded
-дах
-дэх
rounded
-дох
-дөх

жижиг (žižig)

жижигдэх (žižigdex)

(forming verbs out of adjectives) to possess a quality, to possess a quality to an excessive degree, more than suitable.


-дах

-dax (romanization)
back vowel
front vowel
unrounded
-дах
-дэх
rounded
-дох
-дөх

Inherited from Classical Mongolian -ᠳᠠ- (-da-), regularly used after consonant stems in -ᠯ- (-l-) in Classical Mongolian.


-ний

-nii (romanization)
-ын (alternative)
-ийн (alternative)
-ы (alternative)
-ий (alternative)
-н (alternative)
-ны (alternative)
-ины (alternative)
-иний (alternative)
-гийн (alternative)

хөх (xöx, “city”) + -ний (-nii) → хөхний (xöxnii, “city's”)

Marks the genitive case in the hidden-n declension:

After a front vowel stem ending in a consonant.

чинжүү (činžüü, “pepper”) + -ний (-nii) → чинжүүний (činžüünii, “of pepper”)

After a front vowel stem ending in a long vowel, diphthong or iotated vowel.

шилбэ (šilbe, “shin”) + -ний (-nii) → шилбэний (šilbenii, “of the shin”)

After a front vowel stem ending in a consonant followed by a short vowel (which is retained).


-тан

-tan (romanization)
back vowel
front vowel
unrounded
-тан
-тэн
rounded
-тон
-төн

From Classical Mongolian ᠊ᠲᠠᠨ (-tan), from Middle Mongol [script needed] (-tan). Originally plural or collective of ornative -т (-t) and -тай (-taj). Cognate with Buryat -тан (-tan), Kalmyk -тн (-tn), etc.

амь (amʹ, “breath; life”) + -тан (-tan) → амьтан (amʹtan, “the lives; animal”)

оюун (ojuun, “wisdom”) + -тан (-tan) → оюутан (ojuutan, “student”)

баруун (baruun, “right”) + -тан (-tan) → баруунтан (baruuntan, “rightist”)

Forms nouns with the meaning of "with" after noun and adjective stems ending in а (a), аа (aa), иа (ia) у (u), уу (uu) or иу (iu).


-тон

rounded back vowel harmonic form of -тан (-tan)


-тэн

unrounded front vowel harmonic form of -тан (-tan)


-төн

rounded front vowel harmonic form of -тан (-tan)


-хан

-xan (romanization)
back vowel
front vowel
unrounded
-хан
-хэн
rounded
-хон
-хөн

Mongolian Cyrillic
 ᠊ᠬᠠᠨ
(-qan) -хан
(-xan)
Inherited from Classical Mongolian ᠊ᠬᠠᠨ (-qan), from Middle Mongol ᠊ᠬᠠᠨ (-qan).

inh+

Forms the diminutive or affectionate form of nouns and adjectives.

аагтай цай (aagtaj caj, “strong tea”) + -хан (-xan) → аагтайхан цай (aagtajxan caj, “somewhat strong tea; quite strong tea”)

Forms the moderative, sometimes also contrarily the intensive degree of adjectives.


-хан

Mongolian Cyrillic
 ᠬᠢᠨ
(kin) -хан
(-xan)

associative plural
associative plural#English

Forms the associative plural from the genitive form of nouns.


-хон

rounded back vowel harmonic form of -хан (-xan)


-хэн

unrounded front vowel harmonic form of -хан (-xan)


-хөн

rounded front vowel harmonic form of -хан (-xan)


-нэ

unrounded front vowel harmonic form of -на (-na)


-нө

rounded front vowel harmonic form of -на (-na)


аа

aa (romanization)
back vowel
front vowel
unrounded
аа
ээ
rounded
оо
өө
ай (alternative)

Mongolian Cyrillic
 ᠠ
(-a) аа
(aa)
Akin to Old Uyghur a


аа

aa (romanization)
back vowel
front vowel
unrounded
аа
ээ
rounded
оо
өө

Denotes that the term it follows is emphasised.


ээ

unrounded front vowel harmonic form of аа (aa)


-ц

явах (javax, “to go; to come”) → явц (javc, “process, course, flow”)

үлдэх (üldex, “to remain”) → үлдэц (üldec, “remains, leftovers”)

Noun-forming suffix of indeterminable meaning


-лах

-lax (romanization)
back vowel
front vowel
unrounded
-лах
-лэх
rounded
-лох
-лөх

Mongolian Cyrillic
 ᠊ᠯᠠᠬᠤ
(-laqu) -лах
(-lax)
Unclear relationship (if any) with Proto-Turkic *-la- and Proto-Tungusic *-la-


-лах

Mongolian Cyrillic
 ᠊ᠯᠠᠬᠤ
(-laqu) -лах
(-lax)

Makes iterative verbs out of other verbs


-лэх

unrounded front vowel harmonic form of -лах (-lax)


-лөх

rounded front vowel harmonic form of -лах (-lax)


-лох

rounded back vowel harmonic form of -лах (-lax)


-лаа

-laa (romanization)
back vowel
front vowel
unrounded
-лаа
-лээ
rounded
-лоо
-лөө

From a Proto-Mongolic suffix in *-l-, possibly extended with аа.

The confirmative suffix, usually expressing simple past


-лээ

unrounded front vowel harmonic form of -лаа (-laa)


-лоо

rounded back vowel harmonic form of -лаа (-laa)


-лөө

mn-suffix-form

-лөө • (-löö)

rounded front vowel harmonic form of -лаа (-laa)


-в

From Classical Mongolian ᠊ᠪᠡ (-be) and ᠊ᠪᠠ (-ba), from Middle Mongol ᠊ᠪᠡ m sg (-be) and ᠊ᠪᠠ m sg (-ba).

The terminative suffix, describing past events with no clear aspectual meaning


-жээ

From a Proto-Mongolic suffix in *-j- related to converbial -ж (-ž), possibly extended with an emphatic particle.

The resultative suffix, usually expressing narrative past


-лга

-lga (romanization)
back vowel
front vowel
unrounded
-лга
-лэг
rounded
-лго
-лөг
-лага (alternative)

Suffix forming nouns from verbs, usually denoting processes or institutions.


-лэг

Mongolian Cyrillic
 ᠊ᠯᠭᠡ
(-lge) -лэг
(-leg)

unrounded front vowel harmonic form of -лга (-lga)


-лэг

Mongolian Cyrillic
 ᠊ᠯᠢᠭ
(-lig) -лэг
(-leg)

unrounded front vowel harmonic form of -лаг (-lag)


-лөг

rounded front vowel harmonic form of -лга (-lga)


-лөг

rounded front vowel harmonic form of -лаг (-lag)


-лго

rounded back vowel harmonic form of -лга (-lga)


-лага

-laga (romanization)
back vowel
front vowel
unrounded
-лага
-лэг
rounded
-лого
-лөг

alternative syllabification of -лга (-lga)


-лого

rounded back vowel harmonic form of -лага (-laga); itself an alternative syllabification of -лга (-lga)


-лог

rounded back vowel harmonic form of -лаг (-lag)


-уулах

mn-suffix

-уулах • (-uulax) (Mongolian spelling ᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ (ɣulqu) or ᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ (gülkü))

-uulax (romanization)
ᠭᠤᠯᠬᠤ (Mongolian)
ᠭᠦᠯᠬᠦ (Mongolian)
back vowel
front vowel


-лгах

-lgax (romanization)
back vowel
front vowel
unrounded
-лгах
-лгэх
rounded
-лгох
-лгөх


-аах

-aax (romanization)
back vowel
front vowel
unrounded
-аах
-ээх
rounded
-оох
-өөх

From the same ᠊ᠭᠠ᠊ (-ɣa-) suffix as -гах (-gax), only placed on a root originally ending in a vowel.


-гах

-gax (romanization)
back vowel
front vowel
unrounded
-гах
-гэх
rounded
-гох
-гөх

From the same ᠊ᠭᠠ᠊ (-ɣa-) suffix as -аах (-aax), only placed on a root originally ending in a consonant.


-үүлэх

mn-suffix-form

-үүлэх • (-üülex)

front vowel harmonic form of -уулах (-uulax)


-гдах

mn-suffix

-гдах • (-gdax) (Mongolian spelling ᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ (ɣdaqu))

-gdax (romanization)
ᠭᠳᠠᠬᠤ (Mongolian)
back vowel
front vowel
unrounded
-гдах
-гдэх
rounded
-гдох
-гдөх


-сах

-sax (romanization)
back vowel
front vowel
unrounded
-сах
-сэх
rounded
-сох
-сөх

Forms verbs from adjectives with the meaning "to become more ___", "to act _____".


-х

-x (alternative)
-эх (alternative)
-өх (alternative)
-их (alternative)

Mongolian Cyrillic
 ᠊ᠬᠦ
(-kü) -х
(-x)
From Classical Mongolian ᠊ᠬᠦ (-kü), from Middle Mongol ᠊ᠬᠦ (-kü), from Proto-Mongolic *-kü. Cognate with Buryat -хэ (-xe), Kalmyk -х (-x), etc.

Forms the present-future participle of a verb.


-х

-x (alternative)
-ах (alternative)
-ох (alternative)
-их (alternative)

Mongolian Cyrillic
 ᠊ᠬᠤ
(-qu) -х
(-x)
From Classical Mongolian ᠊ᠬᠤ (-qu), from Middle Mongol ᠊ᠬᠤ (-qu), from Proto-Mongolic *-qu. Cognate with Buryat -ха (-xa), -хо (-xo), Kalmyk -х (-x), Dongxiang -ku, etc.


-х

Converts a genitive to a substantive genitive.

Converts a dative to a substantive locative.

Converts a postpositioned adverbial to an adnominal.


-лт

-лт • (-lt) (Mongolian spelling ᠯᠲᠡ (lte))


-л

forms action nouns and abstract nouns out of verbs


-аа

-аа • (-aa) (Mongolian spelling ᠪᠠᠨ (ban))

From Proto-Mongolic *-xan/*-ban. See өөр (öör), *öxer.

(attached to a converb) indicates that the subjects of the main and the subordinate clauses are the same.


-аа

-аа • (-aa) (Mongolian spelling ᠨᠠ (n-a))

Contains Proto-Mongolic *-a, a locative case suffix.

Forms locational adverbs from spatial roots


-аа

(causative suffix) Change intransitive verbs to transitive verbs.


-вч

Hypothesized as -в (-v) + ч (č). Compare Buryat -бэшье (-bešʹje) / -башье (-bašʹje) / -бошье (-bošʹje).

Би ажиллавч байшинг авсангүй.

Even though I worked, I didn’t buy the house.

Used to form the concessive converb, expressing that the main clause holds despite the subordinate clause. Loosely translated: “Even though”


-вч

-вч • (-vč) (Mongolian spelling ᠊ᠪᠴᠢ (-bči))

(creates nouns denoting covers of base terms)


-рах

-rax (romanization)
back vowel
front vowel
unrounded
-рах
-рэх
rounded
-рох
-рөх

Suffix creating unaccusative verbs out of transitive verbs and adverbs.


-гүй

Aphaeresed from үгүй (ügüj). Compare also Buryat -гүй (-güj), Kalmyk -го (-go), etc.


-даг

-dag (romanization)
back vowel
front vowel
unrounded
-даг
-дэг
rounded
-дог
-дөг

Habitual participle suffix; marking states or actions that are usually or always done.


-саар

-saar (romanization)
back vowel
front vowel
unrounded
-саар
-сээр
rounded
-соор
-сөөр

From an old instrumental case form of the past participle -сан (-san)

The abtemporal converb, expressing that the action of the main clause has happened or has been happening since or during the action of the subordinate clause


-уур

-uur (romanization)
back vowel
front vowel
-уул (alternative)

Mongolian Cyrillic
 ᠊ᠭᠤᠷ
(-ɣur) -уур
(-uur)
From Proto-Mongolic *-xur from earlier *-pur as evidenced by Evenki cognates


-уур

-uur (romanization)
back vowel
front vowel

Mongolian Cyrillic
 ᠊ᠭᠤᠷ
(-ɣur) -уур
(-uur)
Similar in shape and meaning to the instrumental case -аар (-aar) suffix. Not present in Classical Mongolian.

Uses spatial roots to form adverbs denoting approximate location or movement along the side.


-уурь

-uurʹ (romanization)
back vowel
front vowel

Perhaps an early alternant of -вар (-var), from Proto-Mongolic *-burï ~ *-xurï. Alternatively, from the -рь (-rʹ) suffix, extended with an unidentified formant.

Forms abstract nouns or locations associated with a verb.


-уу

-уу • (-uu) (Mongolian spelling ᠭᠤ (ɣu))

-uu (romanization)
ᠭᠤ (Mongolian)
back vowel
front vowel

Forms mostly adjectives and sometimes nouns denoting result, from verbs.


руу

ruu (romanization)
back vowel
front vowel

From Classical Mongolian ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤ (-uruɣu), from Middle Mongol [Term?]. Cognate with Buryat руу (ruu); Kalmyk -ур (-ur), -һур (-ğur), -гур (-gur). Doublet of уруу (uruu).

Alternative form: луу (luu)

Marks the directive case after a stem ending in any vowel or consonant except р (r).


-члах

-члах • (-člax) (Mongolian spelling ᠊ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ (-čilaqu))

-člax (romanization)
᠊ᠴᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ (Mongolian)


-уул

-uul (romanization)
back vowel
front vowel

Mongolian Cyrillic
 ᠊ᠭᠤᠯ
(-ɣul) -уул
(-uul)


-уул

Alternative form of -уур (-uur) (forming instrument nouns)


-уул

Mongolian Cyrillic
 ᠊ᠭᠤᠯᠠ
(-ɣula) -уул
(-uul)

collective number
collective number#English

Forms collective numbers from cardinal numbers.


-мал

-мал • (-mal) (Mongolian spelling ᠮᠠᠯ (mal))

-mal (romanization)
ᠮᠠᠯ (Mongolian)
back vowel
front vowel
unrounded
-мал
-мэл
rounded
-мол
-мөл

forms adjectives from verbs, denoting most commonly the manner in which a thing has been created.


-ъя

-ъя • (-ʺja) (Mongolian spelling ᠶᠠ (y-a))

-ʺja (romanization)
ᠶᠠ (Mongolian)
back vowel
front vowel
unrounded
-ъя
rounded
-ъё
-я (alternative)
-ья (alternative)


-ъё

rounded back vowel harmonic form of -ъя (-ʺja)


-н

-n (alternative)
-ан (alternative)
-ин (alternative)

Marks the attributive form of a noun in the hidden-n declension after a stem ending in a vowel.


-н

-n (alternative)
-ын (alternative)
-ийн (alternative)
-ы (alternative)
-ий (alternative)
-ны (alternative)
-ний (alternative)
-ины (alternative)
-иний (alternative)
-гийн (alternative)

Mongolian Cyrillic
 ᠶᠢᠨ
(-yin) -н
(-n)
Inherited from Classical Mongolian ᠶᠢᠨ (-yin).

inh+

жавтий (žavtii, “sin”) + -н (-n) → жавтийн (žavtiin, “of sin”)

Marks the genitive case in the regular declension:

After a stem ending in the long vowel ⟨ий⟩.

After a stem ending in a diphthong ending in й (j).

нохой (noxoj, “dog”) + -н (-n) → нохойн (noxojn, “dog's”)


-н

The modal converb, expresses mode of action.


-аагүйд

-aagüjd (romanization)
back vowel
front vowel
unrounded
-аагүйд
-ээгүйд
rounded
-оогүйд
-өөгүйд

Тамхи татаагүйд баярлалаа


-лцах

mn-suffix

-лцах • (-lcax) (Mongolian spelling ᠯᠴᠠᠬᠤ (lčaqu))

-lcax (romanization)
ᠯᠴᠠᠬᠤ (Mongolian)
back vowel
front vowel
unrounded
-лцах
-лцэх
rounded
-лцох
-лцөх

Forms the cooperative voice, i.e. verbs that indicating taking part in an action or helping it.


-аан

-aan (romanization)
back vowel
front vowel
unrounded
-аан
-ээн
rounded
-оон
-өөн
-гаан (alternative)
-гаа (alternative)
-аа (alternative)
-га (alternative)

Possibly from the participle suffix -аа (-aa).

forms nouns with unpredictable semantics out of verbs


-рь

-рь • (-rʹ) (Mongolian spelling ᠷᠢ (ri))

Forms nouns denoting places or results of an action.


-лтай

-ltaj (romanization)
back vowel
front vowel
unrounded
-лтай
rounded
-лтой

-л (-l) + -тай (-taj) or (irregularly) -лт (-lt) + -тай (-taj), but considered a suffix in its own right.

Forms verbal adjectives (which can be used adverbially), denoting suitability or necessity.


-я

-ja (romanization)
back vowel
front vowel
unrounded
-я
rounded
-ё

Alternative form of -ъя (-ʺja) following vowel and diphthong stems.


-саг

-sag (romanization)
back vowel
front vowel
unrounded
-саг
-сэг
rounded
-сог
-сөг

From Classical Mongolian ᠰᠠᠭ (sag), borrowed from Turkic, originally a combination of a desiderative verb suffix *-sa- and *-k. Compare Karakhanid اَرسَك (erseg, “nymphomaniac”) and Mongolian эрсэг (erseg, “nymphomaniac”).

cog

(forming adjectives out of nouns) fond of


-ны

-ny (romanization)
-ын (alternative)
-ийн (alternative)
-ы (alternative)
-ий (alternative)
-н (alternative)
-ний (alternative)
-ины (alternative)
-иний (alternative)
-гийн (alternative)

мод (mod, “tree”) + -ны (-ny) → модны (modny, “tree's”)

Marks the genitive case in the hidden-n declension:

After a back vowel stem ending in a consonant.

зангуу (zanguu, “anchor”) + -ны (-ny) → зангууны (zanguuny, “anchor's”)

After a back vowel stem ending in a long vowel, diphthong or iotated vowel.

чарга (čarga, “sledge”) + -ны (-ny) → чарганы (čargany, “sledge's”)

After a back vowel stem ending in a consonant followed by a short vowel (which is retained).


-ууль

-uulʹ (romanization)
back vowel
front vowel

Variant of -уурь (-uurʹ), originally used after stems containing р (r), but now used with other stems.

Forms abstract nouns or locations associated with a verb.


Used where -и (-i) would imply the palatalization of с (s) to ш (š) or ц (c) to ч (č).

Alternative form: -и (-i)

Russian фу́нкция (fúnkcija, “function”) + -∅ → Mongolian функц (funkc, “function”)

A zero suffix used in place of Russian -ия (-ija) in loanwords with stems ending in с (s) or ц (c).


-ууд

-uud (romanization)
back vowel
front vowel
-чууд (alternative)


-сэг

unrounded front vowel harmonic form of -саг (-sag)


-м

mn-suffix

-м • (-m) (Mongolian spelling ᠮ (m) or ᠮᠠ (m-a))

-m (alternative)
ᠮ (Mongolian)
ᠮᠠ (Mongolian)

Seldom used suffix which forms nouns out of verbs


-аач

-аач • (-aač) (Mongolian spelling ᠊ᠭᠠᠴᠢ (-ɣači))

-aač (romanization)
᠊ᠭᠠᠴᠢ (Mongolian)
back vowel
front vowel
unrounded
-аач
-ээч
rounded
-ооч
-өөч
-гаач (alternative)
-иач (alternative)

Та цонхоо хаагаач.


-гаач

-gaač (romanization)
back vowel
front vowel
unrounded
-гаач
-гээч
rounded
-гооч
-гөөч

(After a diphthong or long vowel) Alternative form of -аач (-aač)


-иач

-iač (romanization)
back vowel
front vowel
unrounded
-иач
-иэч
rounded
-иоч
-иөч

(For verb stems ending in и or ь) Alternative form of -аач (-aač)


-аад

-aad (romanization)
back vowel
front vowel
unrounded
-аад
-ээд
rounded
-оод
-өөд
-гаад (alternative)
-иад (alternative)

Mongolian Cyrillic
 ᠊ᠭᠠᠳ
(-ɣad) -аад
(-aad)

Ээж босоод галын өрөөнд оров.

Mother got up and walked into the kitchen.


-аад

дөрвөөд

Marks the distributive form of small numerals.

арваад.

Монголд 1950-иад.

Marks the approximative form of larger numerals.


-аад

Mongolian Cyrillic
 ᠥᠭᠡᠳᠡ
(-ögede) -аад
(-aad)
From the development of өөд (ööd, “up”) into a suffix.


-гаад

-gaad (romanization)
back vowel
front vowel
unrounded
-гаад
-гээд
rounded
-гоод
-гөөд

Alternative form of -аад (-aad) after a long vowel or diphthong.


-иад

-iad (romanization)
back vowel
front vowel
unrounded
-иад
-иэд
rounded
-иод
-иөд

Alternative form of -аад (-aad) after a и or ь.


-аар

-aar (romanization)
back vowel
front vowel
unrounded
-аар
-ээр
rounded
-оор
-өөр
-иар (alternative)
-яар (alternative)
-гаар (alternative)

Mongolian Cyrillic
 ᠪᠠᠷ
(-bar) -аар
(-aar)

машин (mašin, “vehicle”) + -аар (-aar) → машинаар (mašinaar, “by vehicle”)

утас (utas, “phone”) + -аар (-aar) → утсаар (utsaar, “by phone”)

instrumental case
instrumental case#English

Marks the instrumental case in the regular and hidden-n declensions:

халдлага (xaldlaga, “invasion”) + -аар (-aar) → халдлагаар (xaldlagaar, “by invasion”)

After a stem ending in a consonant followed by a short vowel (which is supplanted).

With numerals, expresses the maximative degree.


-аар

Mongolian Cyrillic
 ᠊ᠶᠡᠷᠢ
(-yeri) -аар
(-aar)


-гаар

-gaar (romanization)
back vowel
front vowel
unrounded
-гаар
-гээр
rounded
-гоор
-гөөр
-аар (alternative)
-иар (alternative)
-яар (alternative)

шагай (šagaj, “ankle”) + -гаар (-gaar) → шагайгаар (šagajgaar, “with the ankle”)

In the regular and hidden-n declensions after a stem ending in a long vowel or diphthong.

дуран (duran, “telescope”) + -гаар (-gaar) → дурангаар (durangaar, “by telescope”)

Marks the instrumental case:
In the hidden-g declension.


-гаар

-gaar (romanization)
back vowel
front vowel
unrounded
-гаар
-гээр
rounded
-гоор
-гөөр
-аар (alternative)
-иар (alternative)
-гаар (alternative)

Forms a noun from a verb after a stem ending in a long vowel or diphthong.


-иар

-iar (romanization)
back vowel
front vowel
unrounded
-иар
-иэр
rounded
-иор
-иөр
-аар (alternative)
-яар (alternative)
-гаар (alternative)

хууль (xuulʹ, “law”) + -иар (-iar) → хуулиар (xuuliar, “by law”)

Marks the instrumental case in the regular and hidden-n declensions after a stem ending in ь (ʹ) or и (i) (which is supplanted).


-иар

Forms a noun from a verb after a stem ending in ь (ʹ) or и (i) (which is supplanted).


-иас

-ias (romanization)
back vowel
front vowel
unrounded
-иас
-иэс
rounded
-иос
-иөс
-аас (alternative)
-яас (alternative)
-наас (alternative)
-инаас (alternative)
-гаас (alternative)

суурь (suurʹ, “foundation”) + -иас (-ias) → сууриас (suurias, “from the foundation”)

Marks the ablative case in the regular declension after a stem ending in ь (ʹ) or и (i) (which is supplanted).


-иас

-ias (romanization)
back vowel
front vowel
unrounded
-иас
-иэс
rounded
-иос
-иөс
-аас (alternative)
-яас (alternative)
-гаас (alternative)


-гаас

-gaas (romanization)
back vowel
front vowel
unrounded
-гаас
-гээс
rounded
-гоос
-гөөс

(After a diphthong or long vowel) Alternative form of -аас (-aas)


-аас

-aas (romanization)
back vowel
front vowel
unrounded
-аас
-ээс
rounded
-оос
-өөс
-иас (alternative)
-яас (alternative)
-наас (alternative)
-инаас (alternative)
-гаас (alternative)

Mongolian Cyrillic
 ᠠᠴᠠ
(-ača) -аас
(-aas)

ажил (ažil, “work”) + -аас (-aas) → ажлаас (ažlaas, “from work”)

Marks the ablative case in the regular declension:

багана (bagana, “column”) + -аас (-aas) → баганаас (baganaas, “from the column”)


-аас

-aas (romanization)
back vowel
front vowel
unrounded
-аас
-ээс
rounded
-оос
-өөс
-иас (alternative)
-яас (alternative)
-гаас (alternative)

Mongolian Cyrillic
 ᠊ᠶᠠᠰᠤ
(-yasu) -аас
(-aas)

Forms nouns from verbs.
After a stem ending in a consonant.


-гаасай

-gaasaj (romanization)
back vowel
front vowel
unrounded
-гаасай
-гээсэй
rounded
-гоосой
-гөөсэй

(After a diphthong or long vowel) Alternative form of -аасай (-aasaj)


-иасай

-iasaj (romanization)
back vowel
front vowel
unrounded
-иасай
-иэсэй
rounded
-иосой
-иөсэй

(For verb stems ending in и or ь) Alternative form of -аасай (-aasaj)


-аасай

-аасай • (-aasaj) (Mongolian spelling ᠊ᠭᠠᠰᠠᠢ (-ɣasai))

-aasaj (romanization)
᠊ᠭᠠᠰᠠᠢ (Mongolian)
back vowel
front vowel
unrounded
-аасай
-ээсэй
rounded
-оосой
-өөсэй
-гаасай (alternative)
-иасай (alternative)

Тэр яваасай.


-бал

-bal (romanization)
back vowel
front vowel
unrounded
-бал
-бэл
rounded
-бол
-бөл

(For verb stems ending in в, л, or м) Alternative form of -вал (-val)


-вал

-вал • (-val) (Mongolian spelling ᠊ᠪᠠᠯ (-bal))

-val (romanization)
᠊ᠪᠠᠯ (Mongolian)
back vowel
front vowel
unrounded
-вал
-вэл
rounded
-вол
-вөл
-бал (alternative)

Тог тасарвал лаа асаадаг.

When the electricity is cut, the candle is lit.

Аавийг ирвэл бид хамт хоол иднэ.


-ийн

-iin (romanization)
-ын (alternative)
-ы (alternative)
-ий (alternative)
-н (alternative)
-ны (alternative)
-ний (alternative)
-ины (alternative)
-иний (alternative)
-гийн (alternative)

From Classical Mongolian ᠦᠨ (-ün) and ᠶᠢᠨ (-yin), from Middle Mongol ᠦᠨ (-ün) and ᠶᠢᠨ (-yin).

нэр (ner, “name”) + -ийн (-iin) → нэрийн (neriin, “name’s, of name”)

Marks the genitive case in the regular declension:

After a front vowel stem ending in a consonant other than н (n).

эрдэнэ (erdene, “treasure”) + -ийн (-iin) → эрдэнийн (erdeniin, “treasure’s, of treasure”)

After a front vowel stem ending in a consonant followed by a short vowel (which is supplanted).

үе (üje, “joint”) + -ийн (-iin) → үеийн (üjeiin, “of the joint”).

After a front vowel stem ending in an iotated vowel.

толь (tolʹ, “mirror”) + -ийн (-iin) → толийн (toliin, “mirror’s, of mirror”)

After a front or back vowel stem ending in ь (ʹ) or и (i) (which is supplanted).

тайж (tajž) + -ийн (-iin) → тайжийн (tajžiin)

After a front or back vowel stem ending in the consonant г (g), к (k), ж (ž), ч (č), ш (š) or щ (šč).

Дорж (Dorž, given name) + -ийн (-iin) → Доржийн (Doržiin, patronymic)


-г

-g (alternative)
-ыг (alternative)
-ийг (alternative)

хошуу (xošuu, “banner”) + -г (-g) → хошууг (xošuug)

хун (xun, “swan”) + -г (-g) → хунг (xung)

Marks the accusative case:
In the hidden-g declension.


-г

-г • (-g) (Mongolian spelling ᠊ᠬ (-k) or ᠊ᠢᠡ (-ie))

-g (alternative)
᠊ᠬ (Mongolian)
᠊ᠢᠡ (Mongolian)


-гч

-гч • (-gč) (Mongolian spelling ᠊ᠠᠠᠴ᠊ᠢ (-aač-i) or ᢉᠴ᠊ᠢ)

-gč (romanization)
᠊ᠠᠠᠴ᠊ᠢ (Mongolian)
ᢉᠴ᠊ᠢ (Mongolian)


-лдах

-лдах • (-ldax) (Mongolian spelling ᠯᠳᠤᠬᠤ (lduqu) or ᠯᠳᠦᠬᠦ (ldükü))

-ldax (romanization)
ᠯᠳᠤᠬᠤ (Mongolian)
ᠯᠳᠦᠬᠦ (Mongolian)
back vowel
front vowel
unrounded
-лдах
-лдэх
rounded
-лдох
-лдөх

Forms the adversative voice, i.e. verbs that indicate actions happpening against each other, not necessarily negative.


-чин

-чин • (-čin) (Mongolian spelling ᠴᠢᠨ (čin))

(noun-forming suffix) Forms agent nouns from nouns and verbs.


-вар

-var (romanization)
back vowel
front vowel
unrounded
-вар
-вэр
rounded
-вор
-вөр
-бар (alternative)
-мар (alternative uncommon)


-мшиг

suffix which forms nouns from stative verbs, usually those which evoke the state.


-ээр

unrounded front vowel harmonic form of -аар (-aar)


-оор

rounded back vowel harmonic form of -аар (-aar)


-өөр

mn-suffix-form

-өөр • (-öör)

rounded front vowel harmonic form of -аар (-aar)


-өөр

-өөр • (-öör)


-ээс

unrounded front vowel harmonic form of -аас (-aas)


-оос

rounded back vowel harmonic form of -аас (-aas)


-өөс

-өөс • (-öös)

rounded front vowel harmonic form of -аас (-aas)


-өөс

-өөс • (-öös)


-гээс

unrounded front vowel harmonic form of -гаас (-gaas)


-гоос

rounded back vowel harmonic form of -гаас (-gaas)


-гөөс

-гөөс • (-göös)

rounded front vowel harmonic form of -гаас (-gaas)


-иэс

unrounded front vowel harmonic form of -иас (-ias)


-иос

rounded back vowel harmonic form of -иас (-ias)


-иөс

rounded front vowel harmonic form of -иас (-ias)


-гээр

unrounded front vowel harmonic form of -гаар (-gaar)


-гоор

rounded back vowel harmonic form of -гаар (-gaar)


-гөөр

-гөөр • (-göör)

rounded front vowel harmonic form of -гаар (-gaar)


-гөөр

-гөөр • (-göör)


-иэр

unrounded front vowel harmonic form of -иар (-iar)


-иор

rounded back vowel harmonic form of -иар (-iar)


-иөр

rounded front vowel harmonic form of -иар (-iar)


-эд

unrounded front vowel harmonic form of -ад (-ad)


-од

rounded back vowel harmonic form of -ад (-ad)


-өд

rounded front vowel harmonic form of -ад (-ad)


-ид

Alternative form of -д (-d) marking the dative-locative case for certain noun stems ending in ж, ч, ш, щ or ь.


-нд

Alternative form of -д (-d) marking the dative-locative case for noun stems in the hidden-n declension ending in a vowel.


-анд

-and (romanization)
back vowel
front vowel
unrounded
-анд
-энд
rounded
-онд
-өнд

Alternative form of -д (-d) marking the dative-locative case for certain noun stems in the hidden-n declension ending in д, з, п, с, т, ф, х or ц.


-энд

unrounded front vowel harmonic form of -анд (-and)


-онд

rounded back vowel harmonic form of -анд (-and)


-өнд

rounded front vowel harmonic form of -анд (-and)


-инд

Alternative form of -д (-d) marking the dative-locative case for certain noun stems in the hidden-n declension ending in ж, ч, ш, щ or ь.


-цаа

-caa (romanization)
back vowel
front vowel
unrounded
-цаа
-цээ
rounded
-цоо
-цөө

Mongolian Cyrillic
 ᠊ᠴᠠᠭᠠ
(-čag-a) -цаа
(-caa)


-цаа

(dialectal Khalkha) Forms the equative case.


-цээ

unrounded front vowel harmonic form of -цаа (-caa)


-цоо

rounded back vowel harmonic form of -цаа (-caa)


-цөө

-цөө • (-cöö)

rounded front vowel harmonic form of -цаа (-caa)


-ё

rounded back vowel harmonic form of -я (-ja)


-сог

rounded back vowel harmonic form of -саг (-sag)


-сөг

rounded front vowel harmonic form of -саг (-sag)


дэх

front vowel harmonic form of дахь (daxʹ)


-дэх

unrounded front vowel harmonic form of -дах (-dax)


-дох

rounded back vowel harmonic form of -дах (-dax)


-дөх

rounded front vowel harmonic form of -дах (-dax)


-лгэх

unrounded front vowel harmonic form of -лгах (-lgax)


-лгох

rounded back vowel harmonic form of -лгах (-lgax)


-лгөх

rounded front vowel harmonic form of -лгах (-lgax)


-лцэх

unrounded front vowel harmonic form of -лцах (-lcax)


-лцох

rounded back vowel harmonic form of -лцах (-lcax)


-лцөх

rounded front vowel harmonic form of -лцах (-lcax)


-вэл

unrounded front vowel harmonic form of -вал (-val)


-вол

rounded back vowel harmonic form of -вал (-val)


-вөл

rounded front vowel harmonic form of -вал (-val)


-бэл

unrounded front vowel harmonic form of -бал (-bal)


-бол

rounded back vowel harmonic form of -бал (-bal)


-бөл

rounded front vowel harmonic form of -бал (-bal)


-үүл

-үүл • (-üül)

Mongolian Cyrillic
 ᠊ᠭᠦᠯ
(-gül) -үүл
(-üül)

front vowel harmonic form of -уул (-uul) (forming occupational nouns)


-үүл

-үүл • (-üül)

front vowel harmonic form of -уул (-uul) (forming instrument nouns)


-үүл

-үүл • (-üül)

Mongolian Cyrillic
 ᠊ᠭᠦᠯᠢ
(-güli) -үүл
(-üül)

front vowel harmonic form of -ууль (-uulʹ) (forming abstract nouns or locations associated with a verb)


-үүл

-үүл • (-üül)

Mongolian Cyrillic
 ᠊ᠭᠦᠯᠡ
(-güle) -үүл
(-üül)

front vowel harmonic form of -уул (-uul) (forming collective numbers)


-үүр

-үүр • (-üür)

Mongolian Cyrillic
 ᠊ᠭᠦᠷ
(-gür) -үүр
(-üür)

front vowel harmonic form of -уур (-uur) (forming instrument nouns)


-үүр

-үүр • (-üür)

Mongolian Cyrillic
 ᠊ᠭᠦᠷᠢ
(-güri) -үүр
(-üür)

front vowel harmonic form of -уурь (-uurʹ) (forming abstract nouns or locations associated with a verb)


-үүр

-үүр • (-üür)

front vowel harmonic form of -уур (-uur) (forming adverbs)


-ээх

unrounded front vowel harmonic form of -аах (-aax)


-оох

rounded back vowel harmonic form of -аах (-aax)


-өөх

-өөх • (-ööx)

rounded front vowel harmonic form of -аах (-aax)


-гэх

unrounded front vowel harmonic form of -гах (-gax)


-гох

rounded back vowel harmonic form of -гах (-gax)


-гөх

rounded front vowel harmonic form of -гах (-gax)


-мэл

unrounded front vowel harmonic form of -мал (-mal)


-мол

rounded back vowel harmonic form of -мал (-mal)


-мөл

rounded front vowel harmonic form of -мал (-mal)


-сэх

unrounded front vowel harmonic form of -сах (-sax)


-сох

rounded back vowel harmonic form of -сах (-sax)


-сөх

rounded front vowel harmonic form of -сах (-sax)


-рэх

unrounded front vowel harmonic form of -рах (-rax)


-рох

rounded back vowel harmonic form of -рах (-rax)


-рөх

rounded front vowel harmonic form of -рах (-rax)


-гдэх

unrounded front vowel harmonic form of -гдах (-gdax)


-гдох

rounded back vowel harmonic form of -гдах (-gdax)


-гдөх

rounded front vowel harmonic form of -гдах (-gdax)


-ээгүйд

-аагүйд -аагүйд#Mongolian

unrounded front vowel harmonic form of -аагүйд (-aagüjd)


-оогүйд

-аагүйд -аагүйд#Mongolian

rounded back vowel harmonic form of -аагүйд (-aagüjd)


-өөгүйд

-өөгүйд • (-öögüjd)

-аагүйд -аагүйд#Mongolian

rounded front vowel harmonic form of -аагүйд (-aagüjd)


-ээд

unrounded front vowel harmonic form of -аад (-aad)


-оод

rounded back vowel harmonic form of -аад (-aad)


-өөд

-өөд • (-ööd)

rounded front vowel harmonic form of -аад (-aad)


-ээн

unrounded front vowel harmonic form of -аан (-aan)


-оон

rounded back vowel harmonic form of -аан (-aan)


-өөн

-өөн • (-öön)

rounded front vowel harmonic form of -аан (-aan)


-ээсэй

unrounded front vowel harmonic form of -аасай (-aasaj)


-оосой

rounded back vowel harmonic form of -аасай (-aasaj)


-өөсэй

-өөсэй • (-öösej)

rounded front vowel harmonic form of -аасай (-aasaj)


-гээсэй

-гаасай -гаасай#Mongolian

unrounded front vowel harmonic form of -гаасай (-gaasaj)


-гоосой

-гаасай -гаасай#Mongolian

rounded back vowel harmonic form of -гаасай (-gaasaj)


-гөөсэй

-гөөсэй • (-göösej)

-гаасай -гаасай#Mongolian

rounded front vowel harmonic form of -гаасай (-gaasaj)


-иосой

rounded back vowel harmonic form of -иасай (-iasaj)


-иэсэй

unrounded front vowel harmonic form of -иасай (-iasaj)


-иөсэй

rounded front vowel harmonic form of -иасай (-iasaj)


-ээч

unrounded front vowel harmonic form of -аач (-aač)


-ооч

rounded back vowel harmonic form of -аач (-aač)


-өөч

-өөч • (-ööč)

rounded front vowel harmonic form of -аач (-aač)


-гээч

unrounded front vowel harmonic form of -гаач (-gaač)


-гооч

rounded back vowel harmonic form of -гаач (-gaač)


-гөөч

-гөөч • (-gööč)

rounded front vowel harmonic form of -гаач (-gaač)


-иэч

unrounded front vowel harmonic form of -иач (-iač)


-иоч

rounded back vowel harmonic form of -иач (-iač)


-иөч

-иөч • (-iöč)

rounded front vowel harmonic form of -иач (-iač)


-вэр

unrounded front vowel harmonic form of -вар (-var)


-вор

rounded back vowel harmonic form of -вар (-var)


-вөр

rounded front vowel harmonic form of -вар (-var)


-дэг

unrounded front vowel harmonic form of -даг (-dag)


-дог

rounded back vowel harmonic form of -даг (-dag)


-дөг

rounded front vowel harmonic form of -даг (-dag)


-лдэх

unrounded front vowel harmonic form of -лдах (-ldax)


-лдох

rounded back vowel harmonic form of -лдах (-ldax)


-лдөх

rounded front vowel harmonic form of -лдах (-ldax)


-лтой

rounded back vowel harmonic form of -лтай (-ltaj)


-лтэй

front vowel harmonic form of -лтай (-ltaj)


-сээр

unrounded front vowel harmonic form of -саар (-saar)


-соор

rounded back vowel harmonic form of -саар (-saar)


-сөөр

-сөөр • (-söör)

rounded front vowel harmonic form of -саар (-saar)


-дугаар

-dugaar (romanization)
back vowel
front vowel

Suffixal form of дугаар (dugaar, “number”).

Forms ordinal numbers from cardinal numbers.


-дүгээр

-дугаар -дугаар#Mongolian

front vowel harmonic form of -дугаар (-dugaar)


-мсан

-msan (romanization)
back vowel
front vowel
unrounded
-мсан
-мсэн
rounded
-мсон
-мсөн

гурамсан давхаргатай

-ple (containing a specified number of items)


-мсон

rounded back vowel harmonic form of -мсан (-msan)


-мсэн

unrounded front vowel harmonic form of -мсан (-msan)


-мсөн

rounded front vowel harmonic form of -мсан (-msan)


-иэд

unrounded front vowel harmonic form of -иад (-iad)


-иод

rounded back vowel harmonic form of -иад (-iad)


-иөд

rounded front vowel harmonic form of -иад (-iad)


-гээд

unrounded front vowel harmonic form of -гаад (-gaad)


-гоод

rounded back vowel harmonic form of -гаад (-gaad)


-гөөд

-гөөд • (-gööd)

rounded front vowel harmonic form of -гаад (-gaad)


-агч

-agč (romanization)
back vowel
front vowel
unrounded
-агч
-эгч
rounded
-огч
-өгч


-эгч

unrounded front vowel harmonic form of -агч (-agč)


-огч

rounded back vowel harmonic form of -агч (-agč)


-өгч

-өгч • (-ögč)

rounded front vowel harmonic form of -агч (-agč)


-эн

unrounded front vowel harmonic form of -ан (-an)


-өн

rounded front vowel harmonic form of -ан (-an)


-дал

-dal (romanization)
back vowel
front vowel
unrounded
-дал
-дэл
rounded
-дол
-дөл


-дэл

unrounded front vowel harmonic form of -дал (-dal)


-дол

rounded back vowel harmonic form of -дал (-dal)


-дөл

rounded front vowel harmonic form of -дал (-dal)


-чүүд

-чүүд • (-čüüd)

front vowel harmonic form of -чууд (-čuud)


-ины

-iny (romanization)
-ын (alternative)
-ийн (alternative)
-ы (alternative)
-ий (alternative)
-н (alternative)
-ны (alternative)
-ний (alternative)
-иний (alternative)
-гийн (alternative)

хонь (xonʹ, “sheep”) + -ины (-iny) → хонины (xoniny, “sheep's”)

тархи (tarxi, “brain”) + -ины (-iny) → тархины (tarxiny, “of the brain”)

Marks the genitive case in the hidden-n declension after a back vowel stem ending in ь (ʹ) or и (i) (which is supplanted).


-иний

-inii (romanization)
-ын (alternative)
-ийн (alternative)
-ы (alternative)
-ий (alternative)
-н (alternative)
-ны (alternative)
-ний (alternative)
-ины (alternative)
-гийн (alternative)

(rare) Marks the genitive case in the hidden-n declension after a front vowel stem ending in ь (ʹ) or и (i) (which is supplanted).


-гийн

-giin (romanization)
-ын (alternative)
-ийн (alternative)
-ы (alternative)
-ий (alternative)
-н (alternative)
-ны (alternative)
-ний (alternative)
-ины (alternative)
-иний (alternative)

даваа (davaa, “difficulty”) + -гийн (-giin) → даваагийн (davaagiin, “of difficulty”)

In the regular declension after a stem ending in a long vowel other than ⟨ий⟩.

медиа (media, “media”) + -гийн (-giin) → медиагийн (mediagiin, “of media”)

In the regular declension after a stem ending in the diphthong ⟨иа⟩, ⟨ио⟩ or ⟨иу⟩.

орвон (orvon) + орвонгийн (orvongiin) + -гийн (-giin) → of the root

Marks the genitive case:
In the hidden-g declension.


-ыг

-yg (romanization)
-ийг (alternative)
-г (alternative)

архив (arxiv, “archive”) + -ыг (-yg) → архивыг (arxivyg)

ноос (noos, “wool”) + -ыг (-yg) → ноосыг (noosyg)

Marks the accusative case in the regular and hidden-n declensions:

After a back vowel stem ending in the consonant б (b), в (v), д (d), з (z), л (l), м (m), н (n), п (p), р (r), с (s), т (t), ф (f), х (x) or ц (c).

цана (cana, “ski”) + -ыг (-yg) → цаныг (canyg)

хурга (xurga, “lamb”) + -ыг (-yg) → хургыг (xurgyg)

After a back vowel stem ending in a consonant followed by a short vowel (which is supplanted).

ая (aja, “melody”) + -ыг (-yg) → аяыг (ajayg)

After a back vowel stem ending in an iotated vowel.


-ийг

-iig (romanization)
-ыг (alternative)
-г (alternative)

дээл (deel, “deel”) + -ийг (-iig) → дээлийг (deeliig)

өчигдөр (öčigdör, “yesterday”) + -ийг (-iig) → өчигдрийг (öčigdriig)

After a front vowel stem ending in a consonant.

үнэ (üne, “price”) + -ийг (-iig) → үнийг (üniig)

хөрөнгө (xöröngö, “asset”) + -ийг (-iig) → хөрөнгийг (xöröngiig)

After a front vowel stem ending in a consonant followed by a short vowel (which is supplanted).

бие (bije, “physique”) + -ийг (-iig) → биеийг (bijeiig)

After a front vowel stem ending in an iotated vowel.

толь (tolʹ, “mirror”) + -ийг (-iig) → толийг (toliig)

After a front or back vowel stem ending in ь (ʹ) or и (i) (which is supplanted).

маргааш (margaaš, “tomorrow”) + -ийг (-iig) → маргаашийг (margaašiig)

бичээч (bičeeč, “scribe”) + -ийг (-iig) → бичээчийг (bičeečiig)

After a front or back vowel stem ending in the consonant г (g), к (k), ж (ž), ч (č), ш (š) or щ (šč).


-яас

-jaas (romanization)
back vowel
front vowel
unrounded
-яас
rounded
-ёос
-аас (alternative)
-иас (alternative)
-наас (alternative)
-инаас (alternative)
-гаас (alternative)

ая (aja, “tune”) + -яас (-jaas) → аяас (ajaas, “from the tune”)

Marks the ablative case in the regular declension after a stem ending in an iotated vowel (which is supplanted).


-яас

-jaas (romanization)
back vowel
front vowel
unrounded
-яас
rounded
-ёос
-аас (alternative)
-иас (alternative)
-гаас (alternative)

Forms a noun from a verb after a stem ending in an iotated vowel (which is supplanted).


-ёос

rounded back vowel harmonic form of -яас (-jaas)


-еэс

front vowel harmonic form of -яас (-jaas)


-яар

-jaar (romanization)
back vowel
front vowel
unrounded
-яар
rounded
-ёор
-аар (alternative)
-иар (alternative)
-гаар (alternative)

гуя (guja, “hip”) + -яар (-jaar) → гуяар (gujaar, “with the hip”)

Marks the instrumental case in the regular and hidden-n declensions after a stem ending in an iotated vowel (which is supplanted).


-ёор

rounded back vowel harmonic form of -яар (-jaar)


-еэр

front vowel harmonic form of -яар (-jaar)


-итай

tlb

(to stems ending in -хь (-xʹ), -дь (-dʹ), and -ть (-tʹ), supplanting their silent final -ь (-ʹ))

-itaj (romanization)
back vowel
front vowel
unrounded
-итай
rounded
-итой
-тай (alternative)

Inherited from Classical Mongolian ᠊ᠲᠠᠢ (-tai, ornative suffix), from Middle Mongol ᠲᠠᠢ (tʾy /tai/), ᠊ᠲᠠᠢ (-lʾy /-tai/, feminine singular ornative suffix).
-и- (-i-) was a stem-final vowel kept pronounced in some agglutinative structures, and could be somehow considered as an anaptyxis.

inh+

даахь (daaxʹ, “frizzy hair”) + -итай (-itaj) → даахитай (daaxitaj, “have/has/having frizzy hair”)

задь (zadʹ, “nutmeg”) + -итай (-itaj) → задитай (zaditaj, “have/has/having a nutmeg/nutmegs”)

(still productive) Forms the ornative form.

даахь (daaxʹ, “frizzy hair”) + -итай (-itaj) → даахитай (daaxitaj, “with frizzy hair”)

задь (zadʹ, “nutmeg”) + -итай (-itaj) → задитай (zaditaj, “with a nutmeg”)


-итой

rounded back vowel harmonic form of -итай (-itaj)


-итэй

(rare) front vowel harmonic form of -итай (-itaj)


-хай

mn-suffix

-хай • (-xaj) (Mongolian spelling ᠬᠠᠶ (qay))

-xaj (romanization)
ᠬᠠᠶ (Mongolian)
back vowel
front vowel
unrounded
-хай
rounded
-хой

(forming adjectives and nouns out of verbs)

(forming adjectives and nouns out of adjectives, denoting proneness to the state)

forming adjectives and nouns out of adjectives; denoting proneness to the state; forming adjectives and nouns out of adjectives; denoting proneness to the state


-цах

-цах • (-cax) (Mongolian spelling ᠴᠠᠬᠤ (čaqu))

-cax (romanization)
ᠴᠠᠬᠤ (Mongolian)
back vowel
front vowel
unrounded
-цах
-цэх
rounded
-цох
-цөх