-с

Perhaps related to Estonian -sse, Livonian -zõ (“[illative suffix]”), e.g., mōzõ.

V. I. Ščankina (2011) Russko-mokšansko-erzjanskij slovarʹ [Russian-Moksha-Erzya Dictionary], Saransk, →ISBN
пряда/пряс (доверху)
pŕada/pŕa s (doverhu)
to the top (to the top [in Russian])


-ва

V. I. Ščankina (2011) Russko-mokšansko-erzjanskij slovarʹ [Russian-Moksha-Erzya Dictionary], Saransk, →ISBN
вчетверо — нилексть, нилева
včetvero — ńiľekśť, ńiľe va
fourfold [in Russian] — fourfold
доверху — вельф, пяшксе, прява, пряда, пряс
doverhu — veľf, päškśe, pŕa va , pŕada, pŕas
to the top [in Russian] — to the top


-ить

head

-ить • (-iť)


-и

-ись (definite nominative singular)
-ихне (definite nominative plural)
-ить (definite genitive singular)
-ихнень (definite genitive plural)
-ити (dative definite singular)
-ихненди (dative definite plural)

Perhaps related to Finnish -ja, Estonian -ja, Livonian -ji, e.g., jūoji (“drinker”).

V. I. Ščankina (2011) Russko-mokšansko-erzjanskij slovarʹ [Russian-Moksha-Erzya Dictionary], Saransk, →ISBN
читатель — морафтысь, лувись
čitaťeľ — moraftiś, luv iś
reader [in Russian] — reader


-це

-će (romanization)
-це (indefinite nominative singular)
-цет (indefinite nominative plural)
-цень (genitive indefinite singular)
-ценди (dative indefinite singular)
-цеда (ablative indefinite singular)
-цеса (indefinite inessive singular)
-цеста (elative indefinite singular)
-цес (illative indefinite singular)
-цева (indefinite prolative singular)
-цешка (comparative indefinite singular)
-цекс (indefinite singular translative)
-цефтома (abessive indefinite singular)
-ценкса (causative indefinite singular)
-цесь (definite nominative singular)
-цетне (definite nominative plural)
-цеть (definite genitive singular)
-цетнень (definite genitive plural)
-цети (dative definite singular)
-цетненди (dative definite plural)
-цесян (first-person singular)
-цетнетама (plural)
-цесят (second-person singular)
-цетнетада (plural)
-цесь (singular third-person)
-цетне (plural)

From Proto-Mordvinic *-ćə. Akin to Erzya -це (-će). Possibly further related to Komi-Permyak -дз (-dź, ordinal suffix), from Proto-Uralic *-ć, or borrowed from Proto-Turkic *-nč.
According to an alternative hypothesis, derived from the demonstrative pronoun *śe (“that”); compare -се (-śe) in archaic Erzya васенсе (vaśeńśe).

B. V. Vśesvätskij, Botańika: SREDNAJ ŠKOLANDI TONAFNEMA KNIGA, 1933
VIII-це ПРЯКССЬ.
VIII -će PRAKSS.
Chapter 8 (lit. "8th")


-це

Fusion of -т (-t, possessive suffix) and ся (śa, “that”).

O. Je. Poljakov (1993) Russko-mokšanskij razgovornik [Russian-Moksha phrasebook], Saransk: Mordovskoje knižnoje izdatelʹstvo, →ISBN
кудце — кудцень — кудценди
kud će — kud će ń — kud će ńďi
your house — of your house — to/for your house

2nd person singular possessive suffix in nominative, genitive and dative with one possession

-т

the possessive suffix elsewhere in the paradigm, the expected Uralic form


-ф

Perhaps related to Estonian -v, e.g., elav (“lively”) from elama (“to live”), Finnish elävä.

V. I. Ščankina (2011) Russko-mokšansko-erzjanskij slovarʹ [Russian-Moksha-Erzya Dictionary], Saransk, →ISBN
тонафнеф
tonafńe f
educated


-фтома

-ftoma (romanization)
-фтомось (definite nominative singular)
-фтомотне (definite nominative plural)
-фтомоть (definite genitive singular)
-фтомотнень (definite genitive plural)
-фтомоти (dative definite singular)
-фтомотненди (dative definite plural)

Probably related to Finnish -ton and Northern Sami -heapme.

V. I. Ščankina (2011) Russko-mokšansko-erzjanskij slovarʹ [Russian-Moksha-Erzya Dictionary], Saransk, →ISBN
бездомный (о человеке) — кудфтома
bezdomnij (o čeloveke) — kud ftoma
homeless (about a person) [in Russian] — homeless


-ста

-sta (romanization)
-стось (definite nominative singular)
-стотне (definite nominative plural)
-стоть (definite genitive singular)
-стотнень (definite genitive plural)
-стоти (dative definite singular)
-стотненди (dative definite plural)

From Proto-Mordvinic *-stə. Related to Erzya -сто (-sto), -стэ (-ste), Finnish -sta.

V. I. Ščankina (2011) Russko-mokšansko-erzjanskij slovarʹ [Russian-Moksha-Erzya Dictionary], Saransk, →ISBN
тяста
ťa sta
from here


-да

Mordvinic ablative is a direct descendant of Proto-Uralic *-ta, *-tä (ablative suffix). It has been preserved in Finnish luo-ta (“from”), yl-tä (“from over”), this suffix is also a part of Finnish -sta (elative suffix) and was kept in Finnish -lta (ablative suffix) (the latter two are composite suffixes), otherwise the old ablative has been repurposed for the role of partitive in Finnish. Uralic *-ta correspondences in other languages: Eastern Mari -ч (-č) (< *-ti); Ob-Ugric and Hungarian -l, for example, Northern Mansi [script needed] (num-n, “on top, above”), [script needed] (num-əl, “from above”), Hungarian felő-l (“from (the direction of)”), mellő-l (“from next to”); Tundra Nenets [script needed] (ńi-d; ńa-d, “from the surface of; from”), aside from these postpositions, Nenets ablative contains the coaffix -ha-/-ka-, for example, [script needed] (pəδara-had, “from forest”), [script needed] (mar-kad, “from city”).

cog

V. I. Ščankina (2011) Russko-mokšansko-erzjanskij slovarʹ [Russian-Moksha-Erzya Dictionary], Saransk, →ISBN
впервые — васенцеда
vpervije — vaśeńće da
for the first time [in Russian] — for the first time

-та

after stems ending in д (d); e.g., ведьта (veďta)


-са

Akin to Erzya -со (-so), Finnish -ssa (inessive suffix) (which in some dialects is -sa). Originally likely based on Proto-Uralic *-na and an internal locative infix -s- of uncertain origin but possibly from the lative ending *-s.

V. I. Ščankina (2011) Russko-mokšansko-erzjanskij slovarʹ [Russian-Moksha-Erzya Dictionary], Saransk, →ISBN
здесь — тяса
źďeś — ťa sa
here [in Russian] — here


-ай

Perhaps related to Finnish -ja, Estonian -ja, Livonian -ji, e.g., jūoji (“drinker”).
See also Moksha -ы (-i).

V. I. Ščankina (2011) Russko-mokšansko-erzjanskij slovarʹ [Russian-Moksha-Erzya Dictionary], Saransk, →ISBN
морай
mor aj
singer


-ай

-aj (romanization)
-айсь (definite nominative singular)
-айхне (definite nominative plural)
-айть (definite genitive singular)
-айхнень (definite genitive plural)
-айти (dative definite singular)
-айхненди (dative definite plural)

Common Moksha adaptation of Russian -ый (-yj, adjective or attributive noun forming suffix).

der

O. Je. Poljakov (1993) Russko-mokšanskij razgovornik [Russian-Moksha phrasebook], Saransk: Mordovskoje knižnoje izdatelʹstvo, →ISBN, page 100
Порядковай числительнайхне
Poŕadkov aj čiśľiťeľn ajhńe
Ordinal numbers

suffix found in adjectives or attributive nouns borrowed from Russian


-ы

-ысь (definite nominative singular)
-ыхне (definite nominative plural)
-ыть (definite genitive singular)
-ыхнень (definite genitive plural)
-ыти (dative definite singular)
-ыхненди (dative definite plural)

From Proto-Mordvinic *-i-j(a), inherited from Proto-Uralic *-ja (present participle ending). Compare -я (-ja) in Erzya содыя (sodija, “I found out [it]”), -й (-j) in кельсодый (keľsodij, “linguist”). Related to Finnish -ja, Estonian -ja, Livonian -ji, e.g., jūoji (“drinker”).
See also Moksha -ай (-aj).

cog

V. I. Ščankina (2011) Russko-mokšansko-erzjanskij slovarʹ [Russian-Moksha-Erzya Dictionary], Saransk, →ISBN
ваны, аралай (наблюдатель)
van i , aralaj (nabľudaťeľ)
observer (observer [in Russian])


-кс

From Proto-Uralic *-kse (translative suffix). Related to Erzya -кс (-ks), Finnish -ksi.

V. I. Ščankina (2011) Russko-mokšansko-erzjanskij slovarʹ [Russian-Moksha-Erzya Dictionary], Saransk, →ISBN
во-первых — васенцекс, васенцесь
vo-pervih — vaśeńće ks , vaśeńćeś
first of all [in Russian] — first of all


-кс

-ks (romanization)
-кс (indefinite nominative singular)
-кст (indefinite nominative plural)
-ксонь (genitive indefinite singular)
-ксонди (dative indefinite singular)
-кста (ablative indefinite singular)
-ксса (indefinite inessive singular)
-ксста (elative indefinite singular)
-ксс (illative indefinite singular)
-ксова (indefinite prolative singular)
-ксшка (comparative indefinite singular)
-ксокс (indefinite singular translative)
-ксфтома (abessive indefinite singular)
-ксонкса (causative indefinite singular)
-кссь (definite nominative singular)
-ксне (definite nominative plural)
-ксть (definite genitive singular)
-кснень (definite genitive plural)
-ксти (dative definite singular)
-ксненди (dative definite plural)

Nominalizing suffix, e.g. касомс (kasoms, “to grow”) → касыкс (kasiks, “plant”), inherited from Proto-Finno-Permic *-kse. Compare Erzya -кс (-ks), Finnish -s (-kse-).


-нь

-ń (romanization)
-нь (indefinite nominative singular)
-ннеса (indefinite inessive singular)
-ннева (indefinite prolative singular)
-ннеть (definite genitive singular)

From Proto-Uralic *-n (genitive suffix). Related to Erzya -нь (-ń), Finnish -n.

V. I. Ščankina (2011) Russko-mokšansko-erzjanskij slovarʹ [Russian-Moksha-Erzya Dictionary], Saransk, →ISBN
дамский — авань
damskij — ava ń
ladylike, ladies' [in Russian] — ladylike, ladies'
женский — авань
ženskij — ava ń
female, women's [in Russian] — female, women's


-цешка

head

-цешка • (-ćeška)

indefinite singular comparative degree of -це (-će)


-цет

indefinite plural nominative of -це (-će)


-ценди

-ценди • (-ćeńďi)


-цень

-цень • (-ćeń)

indefinite singular genitive of -це (-će)


-цес

indefinite singular illative of -це (-će)


-цеда

indefinite singular ablative of -це (-će)


-цеста

indefinite singular elative of -це (-će)


-цекс

indefinite singular translative of -це (-će)


-цеса

indefinite singular inessive of -це (-će)


-цетне

-цетне • (-ćeťńe)


-цефтома

indefinite singular abessive of -це (-će)


-айхнень

-айхнень • (-ajhńeń)


-цетнень

-цетнень • (-ćeťńeń)


-айсь

-айсь • (-ajś)

definite singular nominative of -ай (-aj)


-цети

-цети • (-ćeťi)


-цева

indefinite singular prolative of -це (-će)


-айть

-айть • (-ajť)


-айхненди

-айхненди • (-ajhńeńďi)


-цесь

-цесь • (-ćeś)

definite singular nominative of -це (-će)


-цетненди

-цетненди • (-ćeťńeńďi)


-ись

-ись • (-iś)


-ихнень

-ихнень • (-ihńeń)


-ыть

-ыть • (-iť)


-ыхненди

-ыхненди • (-ihńeńďi)


-ксонди

-ксонди • (-ksońďi)


-ценкса

indefinite singular causative of -це (-će)


-ысь

-ысь • (-iś)


-ихненди

-ихненди • (-ihńeńďi)


-кст

indefinite plural nominative of -кс (-ks)


-ксонь

-ксонь • (-ksoń)

indefinite singular genitive of -кс (-ks)


-кста

indefinite singular ablative of -кс (-ks)


-ксти

-ксти • (-kśťi)


-ыхнень

-ыхнень • (-ihńeń)


-ксс

indefinite singular illative of -кс (-ks)


-ксста

indefinite singular elative of -кс (-ks)


-ксненди

-ксненди • (-kśńeńďi)


-ксшка

indefinite singular comparative degree of -кс (-ks)


-ксть

-ксть • (-kśť)


-ксне

-ксне • (-kśńe)


-ксокс

indefinite singular translative of -кс (-ks)


-ксса

indefinite singular inessive of -кс (-ks)


-цеть

-цеть • (-ćeť)


-ксова

indefinite singular prolative of -кс (-ks)


-ксфтома

indefinite singular abessive of -кс (-ks)


-ксонкса

From -кс (-ks, nominalizing suffix) + -о- (-o-) + -нкса (-nksa).

affix

СЯСЬКОМА, 1953
Спасиба ся писательти цебярь советонкса, а тейнть—пара лезксонкса.
Spaśiba śa pisaťeľťi ćebäŕ sovetonksa, a ťejńť—para ľez ksonksa .
Thank you to that writer for good advice, but to you — for good help.

indefinite singular causative of -кс (-ks)


-кссь

head

-кссь • (-kśś)

definite singular nominative of -кс (-ks)


-кснень

-кснень • (-kśńeń)


-нк

-nk (romanization)
-ньке (nominative possessive singular)
-ньконь (genitive possessive singular)
-ньконди (dative possessive singular)
-донк (ablative possessive singular)
-сонк (inessive possessive singular)
-стонк (elative possessive singular)
-зонк (illative possessive singular)
-ванк (possessive prolative singular)
-шканк (comparative possessive singular)
-фтомонк (abessive possessive singular)

Via intermediate *-nə̑k, from Proto-Mordvinic *-nmə̑k, from Proto-Uralic *-n-mVk. Under the influence of the 1st person singular possessive suffix -зе (-źe) a vowel was added in nominative, genitive and dative, the other cases contain this suffix without this innovation.

1st person plural possessive suffix; our

O. Je. Poljakov (1995) Učimsja govoritʹ po-mokšanski [Let's learn to speak Moksha], Saransk: Mordovskoje knižnoje izdatelʹstvo, →ISBN
Инголенк ащесть кафта ведаркат. Васенцеса ульсть марьхть, омбоцеса — шукшторуфт.
Ingoľe nk aščeśť kafta vedarkat. Vaśeńćesa uľśť maŕhť, omboćesa — šukštoruft.
In front of us there were two buckets. In the first one there were apples, in the second one — currant.

added to postpositions that refer to the 1st person plural


-зонк

-zonk (romanization)
-ньке (nominative possessive singular)
-ньконь (genitive possessive singular)
-ньконди (dative possessive singular)
-донк (ablative possessive singular)
-сонк (inessive possessive singular)
-стонк (elative possessive singular)
-зонк (illative possessive singular)
-ванк (possessive prolative singular)
-шканк (comparative possessive singular)
-фтомонк (abessive possessive singular)

From -з- (-z-, “[illative suffix variant]”) + -о- (-o-, “[interfix]”) + -нк (-nk, “[1st person plural possessive suffix]”).

affix

illative 1st person plural possessive suffix


-зень

head

-зень • (-źeń)

The objective template V + IO + IT + -n- + IS with all the slots filled in is expected to yield a Common-Mordvinic *kunda-s-aj²-n-zə (using кундамс (kundams) as an example) "he/she/it caught them." In Erzya this produced кундынзе (kundińźe) and in Moksha — кундазень (kundaźeń). The Erzya suffix preserves the object plurality marker -n-, Moksha does not. A false subject marker (Serebrennikov uses the word ложный (ložnyj)) -нь (-ń) is added to the Moksha suffix.

objective conjugation ending indicating that he/she/it carried out actions involving a plural 3rd person object

-зе

he/she/it carried out actions involving a singular 3rd person object


-зе

The objective template V + IO + IT + IS with all the slots filled in is expected to yield a Common-Mordvinic *kunda-s-aj²-zə (using кундамс (kundams) as an example) "he/she/it caught him/her/it." In Erzya this produced кундызе (kundiźe) and in Moksha — кундазе (kundaźe). Both via intermediary *kundajzə. In conclusion: this suffix is of subject marking origin.

objective conjugation ending indicating that he/she/it carried out actions involving a singular 3rd person object

-зень

he/she/it carried out actions involving a plural 3rd person object


-зе

The Erzya counterpart -м (-m) traces back to *-mV. The Moksha counterpart is an anomaly. Based on the dialectal form -nze, it is possible that this suffix represents fusion of *-m (or -н (-n)) and ся (śa, “that”).
There is variation in the dative form of this suffix, compare кудозти (kudoźťi) (Poljakov) and прязенди (pŕaźeńďi) (Golenkov), Poljakov also gives кудозенди (kudoźeńďi).

O. Je. Poljakov (1993) Russko-mokšanskij razgovornik [Russian-Moksha phrasebook], Saransk: Mordovskoje knižnoje izdatelʹstvo, →ISBN
кудозе — кудозень — кудозти
kudo źe — kudo źe ń — kudo z ťi
my house — of my house — to/for my house

O. Je. Poljakov, KULʹTURA I JaZYK DRJeVNJeJ MORDVY (PRJeDKOV MOKŠI I ERZI), PDF
датив — мокш. кудозенди/кудозти
daťiv — mokš. kudo źe ńďi/kudo z ťi
dative — to/for my house

1st person singular possessive suffix in nominative, genitive and dative with one possession

-н

the possessive suffix elsewhere in the paradigm, closer to the expected Uralic form


-нкса

Cognate with Moksha инкса (inksa, “because of”) (see there for more).

O. Je. Poljakov (1995) Učimsja govoritʹ po-mokšanski [Let's learn to speak Moksha], Saransk: Mordovskoje knižnoje izdatelʹstvo, →ISBN, page 19
Азан спасиба сембонкса!
Azan spaśiba śembo nksa !
I thank you for everything!