See გირინი in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lzz",
"2": "გურუნი"
},
"expansion": "Laz გურუნი (guruni)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xmf",
"2": "unknown"
},
"expansion": "unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ka",
"2": "ვირი"
},
"expansion": "Georgian ვირი (viri)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sva",
"2": "ჰუ̂ილ",
"3": "",
"4": "mule"
},
"expansion": "Svan ჰუ̂ილ (hûil, “mule”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ka",
"2": "ქვირანაჸი",
"t": "foal"
},
"expansion": "Georgian ქვირანაჸი (kviranaʾi, “foal”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xmf",
"2": "ქვირა",
"t": "foal"
},
"expansion": "Mingrelian ქვირა (kvira, “foal”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lzz",
"2": "გურუნი",
"t": "donkey, ass"
},
"expansion": "Laz გურუნი (guruni, “donkey, ass”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sva",
"2": "ჰუ̂ილ ← *გუ̂ილ",
"t": "mule"
},
"expansion": "Svan ჰუ̂ილ ← *გუ̂ილ (hûil ← *gûil, “mule”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ccs-pro",
"2": "*gwel-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Kartvelian *gwel-",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ccs-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*gwir-",
"t": "donkey, mule"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Kartvelian *gwir- (“donkey, mule”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ce",
"2": "говр"
},
"expansion": "Chechen говр (govr)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "inh",
"2": "говр",
"t": "horse"
},
"expansion": "Ingush говр (govr, “horse”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cau-nkh-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*gawr-",
"t": "horse"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Nakh *gawr- (“horse”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ka",
"2": "ქვირა",
"t": "foal"
},
"expansion": "Georgian ქვირა (kvira, “foal”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xmf",
"2": "გირინი"
},
"expansion": "Mingrelian გირინი (girini)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sva",
"2": "ჰუ̂ილ"
},
"expansion": "Svan ჰუ̂ილ (hûil)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ka",
"2": "ქვირა"
},
"expansion": "Georgian ქვირა (kvira)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ka",
"2": "ქურა",
"t": "a kind of goat with small ears; hornless sheep"
},
"expansion": "Georgian ქურა (kura, “a kind of goat with small ears; hornless sheep”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xmf",
"2": "ქვირა",
"t": "foal"
},
"expansion": "Mingrelian ქვირა (kvira, “foal”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ccs-gzn-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*kur-",
"t": "foal, colt"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Georgian-Zan *kur- (“foal, colt”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ka",
"2": "ქვირა"
},
"expansion": "Georgian ქვირა (kvira)",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Cognate with Laz გურუნი (guruni). The origin is unknown. An overview of opinions follows.\nEtymological note\n*According to Čikobava, from *გ-ვირ-ინ- (*g-vir-in-), where according to him, the root of the word is ultimately cognate with Georgian ვირი (viri). Ǯavaxišvili further compares Svan ჰუ̂ილ (hûil, “mule”), მაუ̂რა̈ნდ (maûränd, “bull”), მაუ̂ირ (maûir), ლიუ̂რიელ (liûriel, “mate (of animals)”), ხუ̂ირ (xûir, “male (of animals)”). Neither Čikobava's nor Ǯavaxišvili's comparisons are accepted by Klimov-Xalilov or Kiria.\n* Čuxua on the basis of Georgian ქვირანაჸი (kviranaʾi, “foal”), Mingrelian ქვირა (kvira, “foal”), გირინი (girini, “donkey, ass”), Laz გურუნი (guruni, “donkey, ass”), as well as Svan ჰუ̂ილ ← *გუ̂ილ (hûil ← *gûil, “mule”) (for development compare ჰუ̂იჯ ← *გუ̂იჯ ← *გუ̂ილ (hûiǯ ← *gûiǯ ← *gûil, “snake”), which according to some ultimately goes back to Proto-Kartvelian *gwel-), reconstructs Proto-Kartvelian *gwir- (“donkey, mule”), with further comparisons to Chechen говр (govr), dialectal гавр (gavr), Ingush говр (govr, “horse”) for which he reconstructs Proto-Nakh *gawr- (“horse”). Georgian ქვირა (kvira, “foal”) is however considered to be a \"foreign\" word which see for its origins.\n* Fähnrich disregards Čuxua's connection of Mingrelian გირინი (girini) and Svan ჰუ̂ილ (hûil) to various forms of Georgian ქვირა (kvira).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "girini",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "გირინეფი",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xmf",
"2": "noun",
"3": "plural",
"4": "გირინეფი"
},
"expansion": "გირინი • (girini) (plural გირინეფი)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Mingrelian",
"lang_code": "xmf",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "99 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "xmf",
"name": "People",
"orig": "xmf:People",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"donkey, ass"
],
"id": "en-გირინი-xmf-noun-6CvJovbA",
"links": [
[
"donkey",
"donkey"
],
[
"ass",
"ass"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 97",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Mingrelian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "43 57",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "xmf",
"name": "Equids",
"orig": "xmf:Equids",
"parents": [
"Odd-toed ungulates",
"Mammals",
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"tactless person"
],
"id": "en-გირინი-xmf-noun-DNBs5MAB",
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) tactless person"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "gərəni",
"word": "გჷრჷნი"
}
],
"word": "გირინი"
}
{
"categories": [
"Mingrelian entries with incorrect language header",
"Mingrelian lemmas",
"Mingrelian nouns",
"Mingrelian terms with unknown etymologies",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"xmf:Equids",
"xmf:People"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lzz",
"2": "გურუნი"
},
"expansion": "Laz გურუნი (guruni)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xmf",
"2": "unknown"
},
"expansion": "unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ka",
"2": "ვირი"
},
"expansion": "Georgian ვირი (viri)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sva",
"2": "ჰუ̂ილ",
"3": "",
"4": "mule"
},
"expansion": "Svan ჰუ̂ილ (hûil, “mule”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ka",
"2": "ქვირანაჸი",
"t": "foal"
},
"expansion": "Georgian ქვირანაჸი (kviranaʾi, “foal”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xmf",
"2": "ქვირა",
"t": "foal"
},
"expansion": "Mingrelian ქვირა (kvira, “foal”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lzz",
"2": "გურუნი",
"t": "donkey, ass"
},
"expansion": "Laz გურუნი (guruni, “donkey, ass”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sva",
"2": "ჰუ̂ილ ← *გუ̂ილ",
"t": "mule"
},
"expansion": "Svan ჰუ̂ილ ← *გუ̂ილ (hûil ← *gûil, “mule”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ccs-pro",
"2": "*gwel-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Kartvelian *gwel-",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ccs-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*gwir-",
"t": "donkey, mule"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Kartvelian *gwir- (“donkey, mule”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ce",
"2": "говр"
},
"expansion": "Chechen говр (govr)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "inh",
"2": "говр",
"t": "horse"
},
"expansion": "Ingush говр (govr, “horse”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cau-nkh-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*gawr-",
"t": "horse"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Nakh *gawr- (“horse”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ka",
"2": "ქვირა",
"t": "foal"
},
"expansion": "Georgian ქვირა (kvira, “foal”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xmf",
"2": "გირინი"
},
"expansion": "Mingrelian გირინი (girini)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sva",
"2": "ჰუ̂ილ"
},
"expansion": "Svan ჰუ̂ილ (hûil)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ka",
"2": "ქვირა"
},
"expansion": "Georgian ქვირა (kvira)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ka",
"2": "ქურა",
"t": "a kind of goat with small ears; hornless sheep"
},
"expansion": "Georgian ქურა (kura, “a kind of goat with small ears; hornless sheep”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xmf",
"2": "ქვირა",
"t": "foal"
},
"expansion": "Mingrelian ქვირა (kvira, “foal”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ccs-gzn-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*kur-",
"t": "foal, colt"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Georgian-Zan *kur- (“foal, colt”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ka",
"2": "ქვირა"
},
"expansion": "Georgian ქვირა (kvira)",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Cognate with Laz გურუნი (guruni). The origin is unknown. An overview of opinions follows.\nEtymological note\n*According to Čikobava, from *გ-ვირ-ინ- (*g-vir-in-), where according to him, the root of the word is ultimately cognate with Georgian ვირი (viri). Ǯavaxišvili further compares Svan ჰუ̂ილ (hûil, “mule”), მაუ̂რა̈ნდ (maûränd, “bull”), მაუ̂ირ (maûir), ლიუ̂რიელ (liûriel, “mate (of animals)”), ხუ̂ირ (xûir, “male (of animals)”). Neither Čikobava's nor Ǯavaxišvili's comparisons are accepted by Klimov-Xalilov or Kiria.\n* Čuxua on the basis of Georgian ქვირანაჸი (kviranaʾi, “foal”), Mingrelian ქვირა (kvira, “foal”), გირინი (girini, “donkey, ass”), Laz გურუნი (guruni, “donkey, ass”), as well as Svan ჰუ̂ილ ← *გუ̂ილ (hûil ← *gûil, “mule”) (for development compare ჰუ̂იჯ ← *გუ̂იჯ ← *გუ̂ილ (hûiǯ ← *gûiǯ ← *gûil, “snake”), which according to some ultimately goes back to Proto-Kartvelian *gwel-), reconstructs Proto-Kartvelian *gwir- (“donkey, mule”), with further comparisons to Chechen говр (govr), dialectal гавр (gavr), Ingush говр (govr, “horse”) for which he reconstructs Proto-Nakh *gawr- (“horse”). Georgian ქვირა (kvira, “foal”) is however considered to be a \"foreign\" word which see for its origins.\n* Fähnrich disregards Čuxua's connection of Mingrelian გირინი (girini) and Svan ჰუ̂ილ (hûil) to various forms of Georgian ქვირა (kvira).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "girini",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "გირინეფი",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xmf",
"2": "noun",
"3": "plural",
"4": "გირინეფი"
},
"expansion": "გირინი • (girini) (plural გირინეფი)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Mingrelian",
"lang_code": "xmf",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"donkey, ass"
],
"links": [
[
"donkey",
"donkey"
],
[
"ass",
"ass"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"tactless person"
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) tactless person"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "gərəni",
"word": "გჷრჷნი"
}
],
"word": "გირინი"
}
Download raw JSONL data for გირინი meaning in Mingrelian (5.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Mingrelian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.