하다

Early Modern Korean: 하다 (hata)

desc

⇒ Korean: 한강(漢江) (han'gang, “Han River (in Seoul)”)

⇒ Korean: 한숨 (hansum, “sigh”)

Suspected to have same root with Middle Korean 크〮다〮 (khú-tá, “to be big”).

cog

ᄆᆞᄎᆞᆷ〮내〯 제 ᄠᅳ〮들〮 시러〮 펴디〮 몯〯 ᄒᆞᇙ 노〮미〮 하니〮라〮

1459, Hunminjeong'eum eonhae 訓民正音諺解 / 훈민정음언해:

...many of them in the end cannot state their concerns.

mòchómnǎy cèy ptút-úl sìlé phyètí mwǒt hòlq nwóm-í hànílá


높다

Jeju: 노프다 (nopeuda)

Korean: 높다 (nopda)


감다

head

감〯다〮 (kǎmtá) (infinitive 가마〮, sequential 가ᄆᆞ〮니〮)

감〯다〮 (canonical)
kǎmtá (romanization)
가마〮 (infinitive)
가ᄆᆞ〮니〮 (sequential)

Korean: 감다 (gamda)

Vowel harmony ablaut form of Middle Korean 검〯다〮 (kěmtá).

玄蟬無停號 秋燕已如客

1481, 분류두공부시언해 (Bullyu Du Gongbu Si Eonhae), volume 4, translation of original in Chinese, page 27b:

As black cicadas do not cease their sounds, the autumn sparrows feel already like sojourners.

kam-on moyyami wulwum-ul memulwu-ti aniho-noni kozols cyepi-non homa swon kot-twota


덥다

덥〯다〮 (těptá)

덥〯다〮 (canonical)
těptá (romanization)
덥〯다〮
덥〯고〮
더ᄫᅥ〮 (infinitive)
더ᄫᅳ〮면〮 (conditional)

Jeju: 덥다 (deopda)

Korean: 덥다 (deopda)

모〮미〮 겨ᅀᅳ〮렌 덥〯고〮 녀르〮멘 ᄎᆞ〮고〮

The body is warm during the winter and cold during the summer, and...


즐겁다

즐〮겁다〮 (cúlkèptá)

즐〮겁다〮 (canonical)
cúlkèptá (romanization)
즐〮겁다〮
즐〮겁고〮
즐〮거ᄫᅥ〮 (infinitive)
즐〮거〮ᄫᅳ면〮 (conditional)

Korean: 즐겁다 (jeulgeopda)

이〮 사〯ᄅᆞ미〮 一(일)切(쳬) 즐〮거ᄫᅳᆫ〮 거스〮로〮 […]

The person [gives alms] to […] as something "wholly" pleasing


더럽다

더〯럽다〮 (tělèptá)

더〯럽다〮 (canonical)
tělèptá (romanization)
더〯럽다〮
더〯럽고〮
더〯러ᄫᅥ〮 (infinitive)
더〯러〮ᄫᅳ면〮 (conditional)

Korean: 더럽다 (deoreopda)


굵다

Jeju: 훍다 (hukda)

Korean: 굵다 (gukda)


엷다

Jeju: 얄룹다 (yallupda)

Korean: 얇다 (yalda)


멎다

Phonemically faithful spelling of 멋다〮 (mèstá, “to be inauspicious”) (rarely or never used in actual Middle Korean)


넙다

Korean: 넓다 (neolda)


횩다

Early Modern Korean: 횩다 (hyokda)


ᄃᆞᆺᄃᆞᆺᄒᆞ다

Middle Korean: ᄯᆞᆺᄯᆞᆺᄒᆞ다 (stosstoshota)

⇒ Korean: 따뜻하다 (ttatteuthada)

Reduplication of *ᄃᆞᆺ (tòs, “warm”) + ᄒᆞ다 (hota). See also ᄃᆞᆺᄒᆞ다 (tòshòta, “(to be) warm”).


가븨얍다

Jeju: 가벱다 (gabepda)

Korean: 가볍다 (gabyeopda)


ᄲᆞᄅᆞ다

ᄲᆞᄅᆞ다〮 (spòlòtá)

ᄲᆞᄅᆞ다〮 (canonical)
spòlòtá (romanization)


ᄒᆡ다

Korean: 희다 (huida)


프르다

Korean: 푸르다 (pureuda)


칩다

칩〮다〮 (chíptá) (infinitive 치〮ᄫᅥ〮, sequential 치〮ᄫᅳ니〮)

칩〮다〮 (canonical)
chíptá (romanization)
치〮ᄫᅥ〮 (infinitive)
치〮ᄫᅳ니〮 (sequential)
칩〮다〮 (past)
치〮ᄫᅳ〮니라〮 (past)
치〮ᄫᅳᆫ가〮 (interrogative past)
치〮ᄫᅳ녀〮 (interrogative past)
치〮ᄫᅳᆫ고〮 (interrogative past)
치〮ᄫᅳ뇨〮 (interrogative past)
치〮ᄫᅳᆫ다〮 (interrogative past)
치〮ᄫᅮ라〮 (past)
칩〮ᄂᆞ다〮 (present)
칩〮ᄂᆞ〮니라〮 (present)
칩〮ᄂᆞᆫ가〮 (interrogative present)
칩〮ᄂᆞ녀〮 (interrogative present)
칩〮ᄂᆞᆫ고〮 (interrogative present)
칩〮ᄂᆞ뇨〮 (interrogative present)
칩〮ᄂᆞᆫ다〮 (interrogative present)
칩〮노라〮 (present)
치〮ᄫᅳ〮리라〮
치〮ᄫᅳᇙ가〮 (interrogative)
치〮ᄫᅳ려〮 (interrogative)
치〮ᄫᅳᇙ고〮 (interrogative)
치〮ᄫᅳ료〮 (interrogative)
치〮ᄫᅳᇙ다〮 (interrogative)
치〮ᄫᅮ〮리라〮
칩〮더라〮
칩〮더〮니라〮
칩〮던가〮 (interrogative)
칩〮더녀〮 (interrogative)
칩〮던고〮 (interrogative)
칩〮더뇨〮 (interrogative)
칩〮던다〮 (interrogative)
칩〮다라〮
치〮ᄫᅮ마〮
칩〮져〮
치〮ᄫᅳ〮라〮 (imperative interrogative)
칩〮고라〮 (imperative interrogative)
치〮ᄫᅳᆫ뎌〮
치〮ᄫᅳᆯ쎠〮
칩〮도다〮
칩〮돗다〮
치〮ᄫᅦ라〮
치〮ᄫᅳ〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (past)
치〮ᄫᅳ니〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (past)
치〮ᄫᅳ니〮ᅌᅵᆺ가〮 (imperative interrogative past)
치〮ᄫᅳ니〮ᅌᅵᆺ고〮 (imperative interrogative past)
no separate forms (interrogative past)
치〮ᄫᅮ〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (past)
칩〮ᄂᆞ〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (present)
칩〮ᄂᆞ니〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (present)
칩〮ᄂᆞ니〮ᅌᅵᆺ가〮 (imperative interrogative present)
칩〮ᄂᆞ니〮ᅌᅵᆺ고〮 (imperative interrogative present)
no separate forms (interrogative present)
칩〮노〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (present)
치〮ᄫᅳ리〮ᅌᅵ다〮
치〮ᄫᅳ리〮ᅌᅵᆺ가〮 (imperative interrogative)
치〮ᄫᅳ리〮ᅌᅵᆺ고〮 (imperative interrogative)
치〮ᄫᅮ리〮ᅌᅵ다〮
칩〮사〮ᅌᅵ다〮
치〮ᄫᅳ〮쇼셔〮 (imperative interrogative)
치〮ᄫᅦ〮ᅌᅵ다〮
치〮ᄫᅳ〮시다〮 (past)
치〮ᄫᅳ시〮니라〮 (past)
치〮ᄫᅳ시〮ᄂᆞ다〮 (interrogative present)
치〮ᄫᅳ〮시ᄂᆞ〮니라〮 (interrogative present)
치〮ᄫᅳ시〮리라〮 (interrogative present)
칩〮더〮시다〮 (interrogative)
칩〮더시〮니라〮 (interrogative)
칩〮거〮시다〮
칩〮거시〮니라〮
치〮ᄫᅳ시〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (past)
치〮ᄫᅳ〮시니〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (past)
치〮ᄫᅳ〮시ᄂᆞ〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (interrogative present)
치〮ᄫᅳ시〮ᄂᆞ니〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (interrogative present)
치〮ᄫᅳ〮시리〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (interrogative present)
칩〮더시〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (interrogative)
칩〮더〮시니〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (interrogative)
칩〮거시〮ᅌᅵ다〮
칩〮거〮시니〮ᅌᅵ다〮
칩〮고〮
치〮ᄫᅳ며〮
칩〮다가〮
치〮ᄫᅳ니〮 (causative)
칩〮거ᄂᆞᆯ〮 (causative)
치〮ᄫᅳᆯᄊᆡ〮 (causative)
칩〮관ᄃᆡ〮 (causative)
치〮ᄫᅳ면〮 (interrogative present)
칩〮거든〮 (interrogative present)
치〮ᄫᅳᆫ대〮 (interrogative present)
칩〮건댄〮 (interrogative present)
치〮ᄫᅳ나〮 (interrogative present)
치〮ᄫᅮᄃᆡ〮 (interrogative present)
치〮ᄫᅳᆫᄃᆞᆯ〮 (interrogative present)
칩〮건〮마ᄅᆞᆫ〮 (interrogative present)
치〮ᄫᅮ려〮 (interrogative)
칩〮고져〮 (interrogative)
칩〮과뎌〮 (interrogative)
치〮ᄫᅥ〮 (infinitive)
치〮ᄫᅳᆫ〮 (past)
칩〮ᄂᆞᆫ〮 (present)
치〮ᄫᅳᇙ〮 (infinitive present)
치〮ᄫᅳᇙ〮 (present)
치〮ᄫᅮᆫ〮 (past)
칩〮논〮 (present)
치〮ᄫᅮᇙ〮 (infinitive present)
치〮ᄫᅮᇙ〮 (present)
치〮ᄫᅳ신〮 (past)
치〮ᄫᅳ〮시ᄂᆞᆫ〮 (present)
치〮ᄫᅳ시ᇙ〮 (infinitive present)
치〮ᄫᅳ시ᇙ〮 (present)
치〮ᄫᅮᆷ〮 (causative past present)
치〮ᄫᅮᆷ〮 (past present)
치〮ᄫᅳ샴〮 (infinitive present)
치〮ᄫᅳ샴〮 (present)

Central Korean: 춥다 (chupda)

Hamgyong Korean: 칩다 (chipda)

Gyeongsang Korean: 칩다 (chipda)

치〮ᄫᅥ〮 므〮리〮 어렛〮다가〮 더ᄫᅳ〮면〮 노가〮 므〮리〮 ᄃᆞ외ᄂᆞ니〮라〮

[It is like how] water freezes from the cold [weather] and then melts in the warm [weather], becoming water [again]

(of weather, adjectivally) to be cold; (of weather, verbally) to become cold


븕다

Korean: 붉다 (bukda)

Probably cognate with 블 (pul, “fire, light”), ᄇᆞᆰ다 (polkta, “to be bright”).


파라ᄒᆞ다

파〮라ᄒᆞ다〮 (phálàhòtá)

파〮라ᄒᆞ다〮 (canonical)
phálàhòtá (romanization)

Korean: 파랗다 (parata)

Formed as a compound of the root *pA/E/Ur- ("blue-green") (eg. 프르— (pulu-, “to be blue or green”)) + ᄒᆞ— (ho-).


ᄉᆞ라ᇰᄒᆞᆸ다

ᄉᆞ라ᇰᄒᆞᆸ〮다〮 (sòlàng-hóptá)

ᄉᆞ라ᇰᄒᆞᆸ〮다〮 (canonical)
sòlàng-hóptá (romanization)

Korean: 사랍다 (sarapda) (Yukjin)


ᄆᆡᆸ다

ᄆᆡᆸ다〮 (mòyptá)

Korean: 맵다 (maepda)

1447 석보상절 (seokbosangjeol) 3:21ㄴ
猛ᄋᆞᆫ ᄆᆡᄫᆞᆯ 씨라

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

1510 번역박통사 (beonyeokbaktongsa) 23ㄴ
이 ᄒᆞᆫ 손 두미 ᄀᆞ자ᇰ ᄆᆡᆸ다
i hon swon twumi kocang moypta


갓갑다

갓갑〯다〮 (kàskǎptá) (infinitive 갓가ᄫᅡ〮, sequential 갓가ᄫᆞ〮니〮)

갓갑〯다〮 (canonical)
kàskǎptá (romanization)
갓가ᄫᅡ〮 (infinitive)
갓가ᄫᆞ〮니〮 (sequential)
갓갑〯다〮 (past)
갓가ᄫᆞ〮니라〮 (past)
갓가ᄫᆞᆫ〮가〮 (interrogative past)
갓가ᄫᆞ〮녀〮 (interrogative past)
갓가ᄫᆞᆫ〮고〮 (interrogative past)
갓가ᄫᆞ〮뇨〮 (interrogative past)
갓가ᄫᆞᆫ〮다〮 (interrogative past)
갓가ᄫᅩ〮라〮 (past)
갓갑〯ᄂᆞ다〮 (present)
갓갑〯ᄂᆞ〮니라〮 (present)
갓갑〯ᄂᆞᆫ가〮 (interrogative present)
갓갑〯ᄂᆞ녀〮 (interrogative present)
갓갑〯ᄂᆞᆫ고〮 (interrogative present)
갓갑〯ᄂᆞ뇨〮 (interrogative present)
갓갑〯ᄂᆞᆫ다〮 (interrogative present)
갓갑〯노라〮 (present)
갓가ᄫᆞ〮리라〮
갓가ᄫᆞᇙ〮가〮 (interrogative)
갓가ᄫᆞ〮려〮 (interrogative)
갓가ᄫᆞᇙ〮고〮 (interrogative)
갓가ᄫᆞ〮료〮 (interrogative)
갓가ᄫᆞᇙ〮다〮 (interrogative)
갓가ᄫᅩ〮리라〮
갓갑〯더라〮
갓갑〯더〮니라〮
갓갑〯던가〮 (interrogative)
갓갑〯더녀〮 (interrogative)
갓갑〯던고〮 (interrogative)
갓갑〯더뇨〮 (interrogative)
갓갑〯던다〮 (interrogative)
갓갑〯다라〮
갓가ᄫᅩ〮마〮
갓갑〯져〮
갓가ᄫᆞ〮라〮 (imperative interrogative)
갓갑〯고라〮 (imperative interrogative)
갓가ᄫᆞᆫ〮뎌〮
갓가ᄫᆞᆯ〮쎠〮
갓갑〯도다〮
갓갑〯돗다〮
갓가ᄫᅢ〮라〮
갓가ᄫᆞ〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (past)
갓가ᄫᆞ〮니〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (past)
갓가ᄫᆞ〮니〮ᅌᅵᆺ가〮 (imperative interrogative past)
갓가ᄫᆞ〮니〮ᅌᅵᆺ고〮 (imperative interrogative past)
no separate forms (interrogative past)
갓가ᄫᅩ〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (past)
갓갑〯ᄂᆞ〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (present)
갓갑〯ᄂᆞ니〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (present)
갓갑〯ᄂᆞ니〮ᅌᅵᆺ가〮 (imperative interrogative present)
갓갑〯ᄂᆞ니〮ᅌᅵᆺ고〮 (imperative interrogative present)
no separate forms (interrogative present)
갓갑〯노〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (present)
갓가ᄫᆞ〮리〮ᅌᅵ다〮
갓가ᄫᆞ〮리〮ᅌᅵᆺ가〮 (imperative interrogative)
갓가ᄫᆞ〮리〮ᅌᅵᆺ고〮 (imperative interrogative)
갓가ᄫᅩ〮리〮ᅌᅵ다〮
갓갑〯사〮ᅌᅵ다〮
갓가ᄫᆞ〮쇼셔〮 (imperative interrogative)
갓가ᄫᅢ〮ᅌᅵ다〮
갓가ᄫᆞ〮시다〮 (past)
갓가ᄫᆞ〮시〮니라〮 (past)
갓가ᄫᆞ〮시〮ᄂᆞ다〮 (interrogative present)
갓가ᄫᆞ〮시ᄂᆞ〮니라〮 (interrogative present)
갓가ᄫᆞ〮시〮리라〮 (interrogative present)
갓갑〯더〮시다〮 (interrogative)
갓갑〯더시〮니라〮 (interrogative)
갓갑〯거〮시다〮
갓갑〯거시〮니라〮
갓가ᄫᆞ〮시〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (past)
갓가ᄫᆞ〮시니〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (past)
갓가ᄫᆞ〮시ᄂᆞ〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (interrogative present)
갓가ᄫᆞ〮시〮ᄂᆞ니〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (interrogative present)
갓가ᄫᆞ〮시리〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (interrogative present)
갓갑〯더시〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (interrogative)
갓갑〯더〮시니〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (interrogative)
갓갑〯거시〮ᅌᅵ다〮
갓갑〯거〮시니〮ᅌᅵ다〮
갓갑〯ᄉᆞᆸ〯다〮 (past)
갓갑〯ᄉᆞᄫᆞ〮니라〮 (past)
갓갑〯ᄉᆞᆸ〯ᄂᆞ다〮 (interrogative present)
갓갑〯ᄉᆞᆸ〯ᄂᆞ〮니라〮 (interrogative present)
갓갑〯ᄉᆞᄫᆞ〮리라〮 (interrogative present)
갓갑〯ᄉᆞᆸ〯더라〮 (interrogative)
갓갑〯ᄉᆞᆸ〯더〮니라〮 (interrogative)
갓갑〯ᄉᆞᆸ〯거다〮
갓갑〯ᄉᆞᆸ〯거〮니라〮
갓갑〯고〮
갓가ᄫᆞ〮며〮
갓갑〯다가〮
갓가ᄫᆞ〮니〮 (causative)
갓갑〯거ᄂᆞᆯ〮 (causative)
갓가ᄫᆞᆯ〮ᄊᆡ〮 (causative)
갓갑〯관ᄃᆡ〮 (causative)
갓가ᄫᆞ〮면〮 (interrogative present)
갓갑〯거든〮 (interrogative present)
갓가ᄫᆞᆫ〮대〮 (interrogative present)
갓갑〯건댄〮 (interrogative present)
갓가ᄫᆞ〮나〮 (interrogative present)
갓가ᄫᅩ〮ᄃᆡ〮 (interrogative present)
갓가ᄫᆞᆫ〮ᄃᆞᆯ〮 (interrogative present)
갓갑〯건〮마ᄅᆞᆫ〮 (interrogative present)
갓가ᄫᅩ〮려〮 (interrogative)
갓갑〯고져〮 (interrogative)
갓갑〯과뎌〮 (interrogative)
갓가ᄫᅡ〮 (infinitive)
갓가ᄫᆞᆫ〮 (past)
갓갑〯ᄂᆞᆫ〮 (present)
갓가ᄫᆞᇙ〮 (infinitive present)
갓가ᄫᆞᇙ〮 (present)
갓가ᄫᅩᆫ〮 (past)
갓갑〯논〮 (present)
갓가ᄫᅩᇙ〮 (infinitive present)
갓가ᄫᅩᇙ〮 (present)
갓가ᄫᆞ〮신〮 (past)
갓가ᄫᆞ〮시ᄂᆞᆫ〮 (present)
갓가ᄫᆞ〮시ᇙ〮 (infinitive present)
갓가ᄫᆞ〮시ᇙ〮 (present)
갓가ᄫᅩᆷ〮 (causative past present)
갓가ᄫᅩᆷ〮 (past present)
갓가ᄫᆞ〮샴〮 (infinitive present)
갓가ᄫᆞ〮샴〮 (present)

Korean: 가깝다 (gakkapda)

Most plausibly from the unattested verbal root *가ᄌᆞᆨ (*kacok-, probably "to approach") + 아ᇦ〯 (-ǎW-, adjective-deriving suffix). Dialects not directly descended from Middle Korean commonly preserve the original root.

ᄆᆞᅀᆞᆯ히〮 멀〯면〮 乞(걸)食(식)ᄒᆞ디〮 어렵〮고〮 하〮 갓가ᄫᆞ〮면〮 조〮티 몯〯ᄒᆞ리〮니〮

1447, 釋譜詳節 / 석보상절 [Seokbo sangjeol], page 6:23b:

If the village is far away, it would be difficult to beg for food, and if it is close, it wouldn't be clean.

그 모〮시〮 城(셔ᇰ)에〮 갓갑〯고〮 龍(료ᇰ)王(와ᇰ)宮(구ᇰ)殿(뎐)이〮 그 못〮 가온〮ᄃᆡ〮 잇거든〮

1459, 月印釋譜 / 월인석보 [Worin seokbo], page 23:30a:

The pond is close to the castle, and the palace of the Dragon King is situated in the middle of that pond.

to be close, near; (verbally) to become close, near; to approach


잇브다

잇브다〮 (ìspùtá) (infinitive 잇버〮 (ìspé), sequential 잇브니〮 (ìspùní))

잇브다〮 (canonical)
ìspùtá (romanization)
잇버〮 (infinitive)
잇브니〮 (sequential)

Early Modern Korean: 잇부다 (ispwuta)

From 잋다 (ich-ta, “to weary”) + 브 (-pu-, adjective-deriving suffix).

suffix

衆(쥬ᇰ〮)生(ᄉᆡᇰ)ᄋᆞᆯ〮 度(또〮)脫(퇄〮)ᄒᆞ〮샤〮 잇부〮믈〮 마〯디〮 아니〮 ᄒᆞ〮시〮ᄂᆞ니〮

1459, 月印釋譜 / 월인석보 [Worin seokbo], page 21b:115b:

He liberates the sentient beings from craving, he does not refrain from being weary [for this task]

to be tired, to be weary, to be exhausted


아ᄅᆞᆷ답다

head

아ᄅᆞᆷ〮답다〮 (àlóm-tàptá)

아ᄅᆞᆷ〮답다〮 (canonical)
àlóm-tàptá (romanization)

Korean: 아름답다 (areumdapda)


저프다

저프다〮 (cèphùtá) (infinitive 저퍼〮, sequential 저프니〮)

저프다〮 (canonical)
cèphùtá (romanization)
저퍼〮 (infinitive)
저프니〮 (sequential)

From Old Korean 次弗 (*copu-l), equivalent to 젛다〮 (cèh-tá, “to fear”) + ᄫᅳ (-Wu-, adjective-deriving suffix).

suffix

世(솅〮)界(갱〮)ㅅ 일〯ᄋᆞᆯ〮 보〮샤〮 아로〮미〮 훤ᄒᆞ〮시며〮 ᄯᅡᆺ〮 相(샤ᇰ〮)이〮 드러〮치〮니〯
智(딩〮)慧(ᅘᆒᆼ〮) ᄇᆞᆯᄀᆞ샤〮 저푸〮미〮 업〯스〮시며〮 하ᄂᆞᆳ〮 부〮피〮 절로〮 우〯니〮

1459, 月印釋譜 / 월인석보 [Worin seokbo], pages 4:38b—39a:

He saw the affairs of the world; his knowledge was clear; the earth's image trembled.
His wisdom was bright; he had no fears; the drum of heaven was beating by itself.


만ᄒᆞ다

head

만〯ᄒᆞ다〮 (mǎn-hòtá) (infinitive 만〯ᄒᆞ야〮, sequential 만〯ᄒᆞ니〮)

만〯ᄒᆞ다〮 (canonical)
mǎn-hòtá (romanization)
만〯ᄒᆞ야〮 (infinitive)
만〯ᄒᆞ니〮 (sequential)

Korean: 많다 (manta)

만〯 (mǎn, element unproductive in isolation) + ᄒᆞ다〮 (hòtá, light verb deriving verbs and adjectives).
The first element is usually, though somewhat speculatively, connected to Sino-Korean 萬 (mǎn, “ten thousand; myriad; (figuratively) countless”). The likelihood of a Sinitic derivation is strengthened both by the light verb construction and the synonymous and clearly native adjective 하다〮 (hàtá).


멋다

head

멋다〮 (mèstá) (infinitive 머저〮, sequential 머즈〮니〮, modern phonemic orthography 멎다〮)

멋다〮 (canonical)
mèstá (romanization)
머저〮 (infinitive)
머즈〮니〮 (sequential)
phonemic orthography 멎다〮 (modern)

머자 외야자 綠(록)李(리)야 ᄲᆞᆯ리 나 내 신 고ᄒᆞᆯ ᄆᆡ야라
아니옷 ᄆᆡ시면 나리어다 머즌 말

1493, “處容歌/처용가”, in 樂學軌範/악학궤범:

Cherry fruits, red plums, green plums, come quickly and fasten my toecaps. If they are not fastened, words of ill fortune shall I lay down upon you.

mec-a oyyac-a LWOK.LI-ya spolli na nay sin kwoh-ol moyyala
ani-Gwos moysimyen naliGeta mecun mal


깃브다

Jeju: 지쁘다 (jippeuda)

Korean: 기쁘다 (gippeuda)

From 기ᇧ (kisk-, “to rejoice”) + 브 (-pu-, adjective-deriving suffix).


ᄀᆞᆺᄇᆞ다

head

ᄀᆞᆺᄇᆞ다〮 (kòspòtá)

ᄀᆞᆺᄇᆞ다〮 (canonical)
kòspòtá (romanization)

Jeju: ᄀᆞ쁘다 (gawppeuda)

Korean: 가쁘다 (gappeuda)


ᄂᆞᆺ갑다

ᄂᆞᆺ갑〯다〮 (nòskǎptá)

ᄂᆞᆺ갑〯다〮 (canonical)
nòskǎptá (romanization)

Jeju: ᄂᆞᆽ갑다 (nawtgapda)


가ᄇᆡ얍다

Jeju: 가벱다 (gabepda)

Korean: 가볍다 (gabyeopda)


셔다

셔다〮 (syètá) (infinitive 셔〮아〮, sequential 셔니〮)

셔다〮 (canonical)
syètá (romanization)
셔〮아〮 (infinitive)
셔니〮 (sequential)

Korean: 서다 (seoda)


밧ᄇᆞ다

Korean: 바쁘다 (bappeuda)


ᄃᆞᆺᄒᆞ다

ᄃᆞᆺᄒᆞ다〮 (tòshòtá)

ᄃᆞᆺᄒᆞ다〮 (canonical)
tòshòtá (romanization)

Middle Korean: ᄃᆞᄉᆞᄒᆞ다 (tosohota)

⇒ Korean: 다스하다 (daseuhada)

Middle Korean: ᄃᆞᆺᄃᆞᆺᄒᆞ다 (tostoshota)

desc

⇒ Korean: ᄯᆞᆺᄯᆞᆺᄒᆞ다

⇒ Korean: ᄯᆞᆺᄯᆞᆺᄒᆞ다

Middle Korean: 듯다 (tusta)

⇒ Korean: 듯듯ᄒᆞ다

From *ᄃᆞᆺ (tòs, “warm”) + ᄒᆞ다 (hota). See also ᄃᆞᆺᄃᆞ시 (tòs-tòs-ì, “warmly”). ᄃᆞᆺ (tos-) would give rise to the modern coordinate terms for "warm", evolving through various forms derived from it. ᄃᆞᄉᆞ (toso-) would emerge through epenthesis of a second vowel and would result in ᄃᆞᄉᆞᆸ (tosop-), ᄃᆞᄉᆞ롭 (tosolwop-) and ᄃᆞᄉᆞᄒᆞ다 (tosohota) through the addition of different suffixes. Reduplication would lead to ᄃᆞᆺᄃᆞᆺᄒᆞ다 (tostoshota), attaining a consonant cluster that would undergo various vowel shifts in order to result in 따뜻하다 (ttatteuthada), 따끈하다 (ttakkeunhada) and 따갑 (ttagap-), as well as their respective variations. The ablauted form 듯 (tus-) and the reduplicated 듯듯ᄒᆞ다 (tustushota) resulted in 뜨뜻하다 (tteutteuthada) and 뜨끈하다 (tteukkeunhada) as well as 뜨겁 (tteugeop-) through rebracketing of its first syllable. Arae-aᆞwould undergo its vowel shift in each of these terms and the consonant clusters would be glottalized into /t͈/.

ᄆᆞᅀᆞ-ᄆᆞᆯ ᄃᆞᆺ게 아니코 곧 블로 그 모-ᄆᆞᆯ ᄧᅬ면

1466, 救急方諺解 / 구급방언해 (Gugeupbang eonhae):

if one exposes oneself straightaway to a fire's warmth without [first] making his insides warm

mozom-ol toskey anikhwo kwot pul-lwo ku mwom-ol pcwoymyen


ᄃᆞᇫ오다

head

ᄃᆞᇫ〯오다〮 (tǒzGwòtá)

ᄃᆞᇫ〯오다〮 (canonical)
tǒzGwòtá (romanization)

Probably from ᄃᆞᇫ〯 (tǒz-, “to love”) + ᄫᆞ (-Wo-, adjective-deriving suffix).


가ᄀᆞᆨᄒᆞ다

head

가ᄀᆞᆨ〮ᄒᆞ다〮 (kàkókhòtá) (infinitive 가ᄀᆞᆨ〮ᄒᆞ야〮, sequential 가ᄀᆞᆨ〮ᄒᆞ니〮)

가ᄀᆞᆨ〮ᄒᆞ다〮 (canonical)
kàkókhòtá (romanization)
가ᄀᆞᆨ〮ᄒᆞ야〮 (infinitive)
가ᄀᆞᆨ〮ᄒᆞ니〮 (sequential)

ᄒᆞ다가 ᄆᆞᅀᆞᆷ ᄡᅮ미 가ᄀᆞᆨᄒᆞ면 ᄆᆞᅀᆞᇝ조기 뮈여 血氣 調和티 몯ᄒᆞᆫ 等엣 病이 나리니 正ᄒᆞᆫ 길히 아니라


가난ᄒᆞ다

가난ᄒᆞ다〮 (kànànhòtá) (infinitive 가난ᄒᆞ야〮, sequential 가난ᄒᆞ니〮)

가난ᄒᆞ다〮 (canonical)
kànànhòtá (romanization)
가난ᄒᆞ야〮 (infinitive)
가난ᄒᆞ니〮 (sequential)

Korean: 가난하다 (gananhada)

가난 (kanan, “poverty”) + ᄒᆞ (ho-, light verb).

compound

지-비 가난ᄒᆞ야 이바돌 거-시 업스니

1481, 분류두공부시언해 (Bullyu dugongbu si eonhae), volume 8, page 55a:


가ᅀᆞ멸다

head

가ᅀᆞ〮멸다〮 (kàzómyèltá) (infinitive 가ᅀᆞ〮며러〮, sequential 가ᅀᆞ〮며니〮)

가ᅀᆞ〮멸다〮 (canonical)
kàzómyèltá (romanization)
가ᅀᆞ〮며러〮 (infinitive)
가ᅀᆞ〮며니〮 (sequential)

Korean: 가멸다 (gamyeolda)

그 城 안해〮 ᄒᆞᆫ 大臣 護彌라〮 호〮리〮 가ᅀᆞ〮멸오〮 發心ᄒᆞ〮더니〮

1447, 석보상절 (Seokbo Sangjeol), volume 6, page 14a:


가ᅀᆞ며다

가ᅀᆞ〮며다〮 (kàzómyètá) (infinitive 가ᅀᆞ〮며〮, sequential 가ᅀᆞ〮며니〮)

가ᅀᆞ〮며다〮 (canonical)
kàzómyètá (romanization)
가ᅀᆞ〮며〮 (infinitive)
가ᅀᆞ〮며니〮 (sequential)

Uncertain. Related to 가ᅀᆞ멸다 (kazomyelta).

居(거)士(ᄉᆞ)ᄂᆞᆫ 쳔랴ᇰ 만-히 두고 가ᅀᆞ며 사ᄂᆞᆫ 사ᄅᆞ-미라

1447, 석보상절 (Seokbo Sangjeol), volume 9, page 1b:

A householder is a person who lives rich with lots of money.

KE.SOnon chyenlyang manh-i twu-kwo kazomye sa-non salom-ila


간곡ᄒᆞ다

간곡〮ᄒᆞ다〮 (kànkwókhò-tá) (infinitive 간곡〮ᄒᆞ야〮, sequential 간곡〮ᄒᆞ니〮)

간곡〮ᄒᆞ다〮 (canonical)
kànkwókhò-tá (romanization)
간곡〮ᄒᆞ야〮 (infinitive)
간곡〮ᄒᆞ니〮 (sequential)

Korean: 간곡(奸曲)하다 (gan'gokhada)

간곡ᄒᆞ고 아니완츨ᄒᆞ고 게으르기ᄃᆞᆯ 말라

1517, 번역노걸대 하 (Beonyeok Nogeoldae Ha), page 43b:

kankwokho-kwo aniwanchulho-kwo keyulu-ki-tol mal-la


간난ᄒᆞ다

간난ᄒᆞ다〮 (kànnànhòtá) (infinitive 간난ᄒᆞ야〮, sequential 간난ᄒᆞ니〮)

간난ᄒᆞ다〮 (canonical)
kànnànhòtá (romanization)
간난ᄒᆞ야〮 (infinitive)
간난ᄒᆞ니〮 (sequential)

desc

Korean: 가난하다 (gananhada), 간난하다 (gannanhada)

간난(艱難) (kannan, “poverty”) + ᄒᆞ (ho-, light verb).

compound

간난코 제 便安(편안)히 너기디 아니ᄒᆞ린 가난ᄋᆞᆯ 붓그려 너비 求(구)ᄒᆞᄂᆞ니

Those who are poor and do not find it comfortable are ashamed of their poverty and thus they beg widely

kannankhwo cey PHYEN.ANhi nekiti aniholin kananol pwuskulye nepi KWUhononi


간ᄎᆞ랍다

head

간〯ᄎᆞ〮랍다〮 (kǎnchólàptá) (infinitive 간〯ᄎᆞ〮라와〮, sequential 간〯ᄎᆞ라〮오니〮)

간〯ᄎᆞ〮랍다〮 (canonical)
kǎnchólàptá (romanization)
간〯ᄎᆞ〮라와〮 (infinitive)
간〯ᄎᆞ라〮오니〮 (sequential)

正獻公(져ᇰ헌고ᇰ)이 지-븨 사-로ᄃᆡ 간ᄎᆞ라오며 므거우며 寡默(광믁)ᄒᆞ야 일로ᄡᅥ ᄆᆞᅀᆞ-매 디내디 아니ᄒᆞ며

When Cyenghyenkwong lived in his home, he was plain, heavy, and calm, and didn't let matters affect his emotions.

CYENG.HEN.KWONG-i cip-uy sal-wotoy kancholawo-mye mukewu-mye KWANG.MUKho-ya il-lwopse mozom-ay tinay-ti aniho-mye


감ᄑᆞᄅᆞ다

감〯ᄑᆞᄅᆞ〮다〮 (kǎm-phòló-tá) (infinitive 감〯ᄑᆞᄅᆞ〮라〮, sequential 감〯ᄑᆞᄅᆞ〮니〮)

감〯ᄑᆞᄅᆞ〮다〮 (canonical)
kǎm-phòló-tá (romanization)
감〯ᄑᆞᄅᆞ〮라〮 (infinitive)
감〯ᄑᆞᄅᆞ〮니〮 (sequential)

Korean: 감파르다 (gampareuda)

/kǎmpʰʌ̀lʌ́tá/

감〯다〮 (kǎm-tá, “black”) + ᄑᆞᄅᆞ〮다〮 (phòló-tá, “blue-green”).

compound

누ᇇᄌᆞᅀᆡ 감ᄑᆞᄅᆞ며 ᄒᆡᆫ ᄃᆡ 블근 ᄃᆡ 조히 分明(분며ᇰ)ᄒᆞ시며

1459, 월인석보 (Worin Seokbo), volume 2, page 41a:

The eyeball was blackish blue-green, and the white parts and the red parts were clearly distinctive

nwunscozoy kampholo-mye hoyn toy pulkun toy cwohi PWUN.MYENGhosimye


값없다

head

값〮없〯다〮 (kápsěpstá) (infinitive 값〮업〯서〮, sequential 값〯업〯스니〮)

값〮없〯다〮 (canonical)
kápsěpstá (romanization)
값〮업〯서〮 (infinitive)
값〯업〯스니〮 (sequential)

Korean: 값없다 (gabeopda)

값〮 (káps, “value”) + 없〯다 (ěpstà, “not have”).

compound

그ᄢᅴ 親(친)ᄒᆞᆫ 버디 그윗 일로 나갈 쩨 값업슨 寶珠(보쥬)로 옷 소배 ᄆᆡ야 주구 니거늘

1459, 월인석보 (Worin Seokbo), volume 15, page 22b:

Right then, when a close friend went out for a government job, they attached priceless pearls inside his clothes before going.

kupskuy CHINhon peti kuwuys illwo nakal ccey kapsepsun PWO.CYWUlwo wos swopay moyya cwukwu nikenul