셔다

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셔다〮 (syètá) (infinitive 셔〮아〮, sequential 셔니〮)

셔다〮 (canonical)
syètá (romanization)
셔〮아〮 (infinitive)
셔니〮 (sequential)

Korean: 서다 (seoda)


-ㄴ대

우므를 횟도라 절ᄒᆞ야 하ᄂᆞᆯᄭᅴ 블러 빈대 므리 소사나거늘

1514, 속삼강행실도 (續三綱行實圖):

When he bowed around the well and prayed to heaven, water gushed out from there

Wumulul hwoystwola celhoya hanolskuy pulle pintay muli swosanakenul


-도-

Alternate form of 돗〮 (-twós-, emotive suffix) occuring between a bare verb stem (except the copula) and 다〮 (tá).


-로-

Alternate form of 돗〮 (-twós-, emotive suffix) that occurs following 이〮 (í-, copula), 으〮니〮 (-úní-) or 으〮리〮 (-úlí-), and followed by 다〮 (tá).


-ᄂᆞ-

Korean: 는 (-neun-), 느 (-neu-), ㄴ (-n-)

내 北京 햐ᇰᄒᆞ야 가노라.

거릿 븍녀긔 잇ᄂᆞᆫ 뎜은 이 내 녯 쥬ᅀᅵᆫ 지비니

The store that is located on the north side of the street is my old master's house.

Kelis puknyekuy isnon tyemun i nay nyeys cyuzin cipini

A suffix that indicates present, ongoing action. Commonly referred to as the processive suffix.

Indicates present tense, when attached to dynamic verbs or 잇다 (ista).

酒壺ᄅᆞᆯ 기우리고 뎌 피리 부로매 셴 머리 도로 검ᄂᆞ니

As I drink and play the various flutes, my white hair is becoming black again.

Indicates ongoing transition of state; "is becoming ...", when attached to stative verbs (excluding 잇다 (ista)).


-롯-

Alternate form of 돗〮 (-twós-, emotive suffix) that occurs following 이〮 (í-, copula), 으〮니〮 (-úní-) or 으〮리〮 (-úlí-), and followed by something other than 다〮 (tá).


-오ᄃᆡ

오〮ᄃᆡ〮 (-wótóy)

desc

Korean: 되 (-doe), 으되 (-eudoe), 로되 (-rodoe)

Either from Old Korean 乎尸矣 (*-woltoy) or Old Korean 乎隱矣 (*-wontoy), both of which are attested in 12-13th century Gugyeol sources.

五色 幡을 ᄆᆡᇰᄀᆞ로ᄃᆡ 마ᅀᆞᆫ아홉 자ᄒᆞᆯ ᄒᆞ고

Make a banner in five colors, and make it forty-nine feet long

suffix used to connect two clauses with general and specific information.

내〮 ᄉᆞ라ᇰ호〮ᄃᆡ〮 어누〮 藏ㅅ 金이〮ᅀᅡ〮 마〮치〮 ᄭᆞᆯ이〮려뇨〮 ᄒᆞ〮노〮ᅌᅵ다〮

I am wondering, "Which storage house's gold would cover it perfectly?"


-옷-

Alternative form of 돗〮 (-twós-, emotive suffix) that occurs following ᄂᆞ (-nò-), 더〮 (-té-), or 거 (-ke-).

것〮다〮

-késtá, effective emotive declarative suffix

놋〮다〮

-nwóstá, processive emotive declarative suffix

닷〮다〮

-tástá, retrospective emotive declarative suffix


-옷-

Probably from Old Korean 古叱 (*-kwos-) attested in 12th-13th century Gugyeol.

큰 혀ᇰ아 우리 도라가노소라. 네 됴히 잇거라.

a. 1517, 번역노걸대하 (飜譯老乞大) [beonyeongnogeoldaeha], volume 하 (下):

Big brother, we are going back. You stay healthy.

Optional verbal suffix that indicates that the subject is plural.

ᄉᆞᆫ〮다〮

-sóntá, 2nd person plural question suffix

노〮소〮라〮

-nwóswólá, 1st person plural declarative suffix

다〮소〮니〮

-táswóní, retrospective 1st person plural sequential suffix

소〮라〮

-swólá, declarative 1st person plural suffix


-돗-

Unknown. Maybe grammaticalized from a verb stem, as it is one of the strong endings which makes a preceding high~low alternating monosyllabic verb stem surface as high tone. However, there is no verb that looks like 돗 in Middle Korean.

忽然히〮 부텨 向ᄒᆞᆫ ᄆᆞᅀᆞᄆᆞᆯ〮 니즈〮니〮 누〮니〮 도로 어듭〮거늘 제〯 너교〮ᄃᆡ〮 바ᄆᆡ〮 가〮다가〮 귓것과〮 모〯딘〮 쥬ᇰᄉᆡᇰ이〮 므ᅀᅴ〮엽도〮소니 므스〮므라〮 바ᄆᆡ〮 나〮오〮나뇨

As he forgot his thoughts towards Buddha, his vision became dark again. He realized, 'I am scared of the ghosts and fierce creatures while travelling at night!', and wondered 'Why have I come out at night?'

A suffix which expresses mirativity; indicates the speaker's surprise or the unpreparedness of their mind upon realizing or learning new information. Commonly called the emotive suffix.

도〮 when followed by 다〮

돗〮 (-twós-) following a bare verb stem (except the copula)

로〮 when followed by 다〮

롯〮 (-lwós-) following 이〮 (í-, copula), 으〮니〮 (-úní-), and 으〮리〮 (-úlí-).

it assimilates in vowel roundedness to 오

ᄂᆞ + 옷〮 fuses into 놋〮

옷〮 (-wós-) following ᄂᆞ (-nò-), 더〮 (-té-), and 거 (-ke-)

노〮소〮ᅌᅵ다〮

-nwóswóngìtá, declarative polite emotive processive suffix

놋〮다〮

-nwóstá, declarative emotive processive suffix

다〮ᄉᆞ〮ᅌᅵ다〮

-tásóngìtá, declarative polite emotive retrospective suffix

도〮소〮ᅌᅵ다〮

-twóswóngìtá, declarative polite emotive suffix


-고녀

First attested in the Gugyeol annotations of Cheollo Geumganggyeong (川老金剛經 / 천로금강경), 14th century, as Middle Korean 古隱亦 (Yale: kwonye).

lang

(川老金剛經 / 천로금강경)

(川老金剛經 / 천로금강경)

ko-etym-native

suffix used to exclaim newly-learned information.

Obligatory for second-person (2P) subject

History of the Korean Language. Morphological segmentation of the verbal paradigm sometimes differs between analyses. The list is not exhaustive.


-고져

Jeju: 고정 (-gojeong)

desc

followed by <i class="Kore mention" lang="ko">싶다</i> (sipda)

Korean: 고자 (-goja), 고 (-go) (followed by 싶다 (sipda))

suffix used to express the subject's desire to do something.


-으ᅌᅵ-

head

으〮ᅌᅵ (-úngì-)

Verbal suffix showing politeness towards the listener.


-과뎌

내 ᄉᆞ라ᇰᄒᆞ며 듀ᇰ히 너겨 너희ᄃᆞᆯ히 본받과뎌 원ᄒᆞ노라.

1518, 번역소학 (飜譯小學), translation of 小學 (in Literary Chinese):

I love him and consider him important, so I want you to make him your role model.

Nay solanghomye tyunghi nekye nehuytolhi pwonpatkwatye wenhonwola.

suffix used to express one's desire for another person to do something.


-ㄴ뎌

Korean: ㄴ저 (-njeo)

그 어미 닐오ᄃᆡ 아가 아가 긴 劫에 몯 볼까 ᄒᆞ다니 오ᄂᆞᆳ날 地獄門 알ᄑᆡ셔 아기와 서르 보관뎌

The mother said, "My baby, my baby! I thought we would never see each other again over the eons, but now we have met together in front of the door to hell!"

suffix used to exclaim or state a fact with certainty and emphasis.


-ㄹ쎠

Korean: ㄹ사 (-lsa)

ᄯᅩ 涅槃애 드로려 ᄒᆞ시니 이리ᄃᆞ록 셜ᄫᅳᆯ쎠

Also, he is about to enter nirvana. Oh, I am so sad!

suffix used to exclaim one's own emotion.


-오마

오〮마〮 (-wómá)

Korean: 으마 (-euma)

내 닐고마 네 드르라.

Before 1517, 번역노걸대 (飜譯老乞大), volume 하 (下), translation of 老乞大 (in Chinese):

Sentence-ending suffix used to promise to do something to the listener.


-으ᅌᅵ다

으〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (-úngìtá)

으〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (canonical)
-úngìtá (romanization)

Combination of 으〮ᅌᅵ (-úngì-) + 다〮 (-tá).

우리 罪 아니ᅌᅵ다.

a polite declarative mood sentence-final verbal suffix.


-ᅌᅵᆺ가

ᅌᅵᆺ가〮 (-ngìská)

ᅌᅵᆺ가〮 (canonical)
-ngìská (romanization)

Probably contains ᅌᅵ (-ngi-) and 가〮 (-ká). However, the ㅅ in between is difficult to explain.

부텻 ᄠᅳ데 當티 몯ᄒᆞᅀᅩ오면 쟈ᇰᄎᆞ 아니 罪 어드리ᅌᅵᆺ가?

If it doesn't match Buddha's intentions, will they not become sinners in the future?


-도소ᅌᅵ다

도〮소〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (-twóswóngìtá)

도〮소〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (canonical)
-twóswóngìtá (romanization)

A compound suffix made up of 돗〮 (-twós-, emotive suffix) + ᄋᆞ〮ᅌᅵ (-óngì-, polite suffix) + 다〮 (-tá, declarative mood suffix). The 2nd vowel was assimilated in roundedness by the previous one. The polite version of 도〮다〮 (-twótá, emotive declarative suffix).

lang

중세한국어 감동법 연구 ―깨달음과 복수성―

중세한국어 감동법 연구 ―깨달음과 복수성―

A polite exclamatory sentence-final suffix.


-으쇼셔

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으쇼〮셔〮 (-ùsyósyé)

으쇼〮셔〮 (canonical)
-ùsyósyé (romanization)

Korean: 으소서 (-eusoseo)

Probably contains 으시〮 (-ùsí-) and Old Korean 立 (*-sye, imperative suffix). However, the exact composition is unclear. See Old Korean 古只賜立 (*-kwok[i]sisye, polite imperative suffix) for more information. See also 어〮쎠〮 (-éssyé).

m+

부텨하 드르쇼셔


-놋다

⇒ Korean: 는도다 (-neundoda)

A compound suffix made up of ᄂᆞ (-no-, processive suffix) and 옷〮 (-wós-, emotive suffix) + 다〮 (-tá, declarative mood suffix).

An exclamatory sentence-final suffix, referring to an ongoing process.


ᄀᆞᆯ다

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ᄀᆞᆯ다〮 (kòltá) (infinitive ᄀᆞ라〮, sequential ᄀᆞ니〮)

ᄀᆞᆯ다〮 (canonical)
kòltá (romanization)
ᄀᆞ라〮 (infinitive)
ᄀᆞ니〮 (sequential)

Korean: 갈다 (galda)

Possibly related to Manchu ᡥᠠᠯᠠᠮᠪᡳ (halambi, “to change”).


ᄀᆞᆯ다

ᄀᆞᆯ〮다〮 (kóltá) (infinitive ᄀᆞ〮라〮, sequential ᄀᆞ〮니〮)

ᄀᆞᆯ〮다〮 (canonical)
kóltá (romanization)
ᄀᆞ〮라〮 (infinitive)
ᄀᆞ〮니〮 (sequential)

Korean: 갈다 (galda)


ᄀᆞᆯ다

ᄀᆞᆯ다〮 (kòltá)

desc

⇒ Korean: 가로다 (garoda), 가라사대 (garasadae)

Possibly reanalyzed from a conjugated form of ᄀᆞᆮ다 (kotta), a ㄷ-irregular verb.


-은다

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은〮다〮 (-úntá)

혀ᇰ아 네 드른다? 셔울셔 ᄒᆡᇰᄒᆡᇰ이 언제 나시리러뇨?

Before 1517, 번역박통사 (飜譯朴通事), volume 상(上):

Brother, did you hear? When would the Emperor's tour of the capital city take place?

Hyenga ney tulunta? syewulsye hoynghoyngi encey nasililenyo?

Suffix used for asking a question about the listener.


-노소ᅌᅵ다

노〮소〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (-nwóswóngìtá)

노〮소〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (canonical)
-nwóswóngìtá (romanization)

A compound suffix made up of ᄂᆞ (-no-, processive suffix) + 옷〮 (-wós-, emotive suffix) + ᄋᆞ〮ᅌᅵ (-óngì-, polite suffix) + 다〮 (-tá, declarative mood suffix). The 2nd vowel was assimilated in roundedness by the previous one. The polite version of 놋〮다〮 (-nwóstá, processive emotive declarative suffix).

lang

중세한국어 감동법 연구 ―깨달음과 복수성―

중세한국어 감동법 연구 ―깨달음과 복수성―

A polite exclamatory sentence-final suffix, referring to ongoing action.


-ᅌᅵᆺ고

ᅌᅵᆺ고〮 (canonical)
-ngìskwó (romanization)

Probably contains ᅌᅵ (-ngi-) and 고〮 (-kwó). However, the ㅅ in between is difficult to explain.

아홉 橫死ᄂᆞᆫ 므스기ᅌᅵᆺ고?


우ᇠ다

⇒ Korean: 움츠리다 (umcheurida)


ᄃᆞᆷ다

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ᄃᆞᆷ〮다〮 (tómtá) (infinitive ᄃᆞ〮마〮, sequential ᄃᆞ〮ᄆᆞ니〮)

ᄃᆞᆷ〮다〮 (canonical)
tómtá (romanization)
ᄃᆞ〮마〮 (infinitive)
ᄃᆞ〮ᄆᆞ니〮 (sequential)

⇒ Korean: 담그다 (damgeuda)


겇

Korean: 겉 (geot, “surface”)

Probably cognate with Middle Korean 갗 (kach, “skin, leather”) and Middle Korean 가족 (kacwok, “skin, leather”).


ᄃᆞᄆᆞ다

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ᄃᆞᄆᆞ다〮 (tòmòtá) (infinitive ᄃᆞᆷ가〮, sequential ᄃᆞᄆᆞ니〮)

ᄃᆞᄆᆞ다〮 (canonical)
tòmòtá (romanization)
ᄃᆞᆷ가〮 (infinitive)
ᄃᆞᄆᆞ니〮 (sequential)

Korean: 담그다 (damgeuda)

From ᄃᆞᆷ〮 (tóm-, “to be submerged”) + ᄋᆞ (-o-, causative suffix).


ᄃᆞᆯᄋᆡ다

ᄃᆞᆯᄋᆡ〮다〮 (tòlóytá) (infinitive ᄃᆞᆯᄋᆡ〮야〮, sequential ᄃᆞᆯᄋᆡ〮니〮)

ᄃᆞᆯᄋᆡ〮다〮 (canonical)
tòlóytá (romanization)
ᄃᆞᆯᄋᆡ〮야〮 (infinitive)
ᄃᆞᆯᄋᆡ〮니〮 (sequential)

desc

Korean: 다리다 (darida), ⇒ 줄다리기 (juldarigi)

Cognate with Middle Korean ᄃᆞᇰᄀᆡ〮다〮 (tòngkóytá, “to pull”).


ᄃᆞᇰᄀᆡ다

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ᄃᆞᇰᄀᆡ〮다〮 (tòngkóytá) (infinitive ᄃᆞᇰᄀᆡ〮야〮, sequential ᄃᆞᇰᄀᆡ〮니〮)

ᄃᆞᇰᄀᆡ〮다〮 (canonical)
tòngkóytá (romanization)
ᄃᆞᇰᄀᆡ〮야〮 (infinitive)
ᄃᆞᇰᄀᆡ〮니〮 (sequential)

Korean: 당기다 (danggida)

Cognate with Middle Korean ᄃᆞᆯᄋᆡ〮다〮 (tòlGóy-tá, “to pull”).


-우라

A compound suffix made up of 우〮 (-wú-, modulator suffix) and 다〮 (-tá, declarative mood suffix).

A first person subject declarative suffix


갈모

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갈〮모〮 (kálmwó) (locative 갈〮모애〮 (kálmwòáy))

갈〮모〮 (canonical)
kálmwó (romanization)
갈〮모애〮 (locative)


가라간쟈ᄉᆞ죡ᄇᆡᆨ

가라〮간쟈〮ᄉᆞ〮죡〮ᄇᆡᆨ〮

가라〮간쟈〮ᄉᆞ〮죡〮ᄇᆡᆨ〮 (kàlákàncyásócyókpóyk)

가라〮간쟈〮ᄉᆞ〮죡〮ᄇᆡᆨ〮 (canonical)
kàlákàncyásócyókpóyk (romanization)

From Mongolian хар (xar, “black”) + Mongolian халзан (xalzan, “having a white spot on the forehead”) + 四足 (“four feet”) + 白 (“white”).

m+

五明馬

a. 1517, 번역노걸대(飜譯老乞大) [beonyeongnogeoldae], volume 하(下), translation of original in Chinese:

a black horse with white fur on its forehead and four hooves.


밧ᄇᆞ다

Korean: 바쁘다 (bappeuda)


ᄉᆞ라기

Korean: 싸라기 (ssaragi)

Possibly from ᄉᆞᆯ (sol-, “to crush”) + 아기 (-aki, diminutive suffix). See also Middle Korean ᄇᆞᅀᆞ라기 (pozolaki, “fragment”), Korean 군더더기 (gundeodeogi, “unnecessity”), 쓰레기 (sseuregi, “garbage”) for the same suffix.


무ᇰ긔다

head

무ᇰ긔〮다〮 (mwùngkúytá) (infinitive 무ᇰ긔〮여〮, sequential 무ᇰ긔〮니〮)

무ᇰ긔〮다〮 (canonical)
mwùngkúytá (romanization)
무ᇰ긔〮여〮 (infinitive)
무ᇰ긔〮니〮 (sequential)

desc

Korean: 뭉치다 (mungchida), 뭉개다 (munggaeda)

Cognate with Middle Korean 물의〮다〮 (mwùlGúytá, “to press together”).
Possibly contracted from *뭉그리다 (mwungkul-i-ta), with the same component as in 뭉그리다 (munggeurida), 뭉그러지다 (munggeureojida), 뭉글뭉글 (munggeulmunggeul, “lumpily”).


-거지라

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거지〮라〮 (-kècílá)

거지〮라〮 (canonical)
-kècílá (romanization)


-곰

調達이와 難陀왜 몬져 쏘니 各各 세콤 ᄢᅦ여디거늘

Devadatta and Nandha shot first, and they each pierced three [drums].

(after a noun phrase) each by a certain amount or quantity

네 이리곰 갑슬 닐어 므슴 ᄒᆞᆯ다

a. 1517, 번역노걸대 [beonyeongnogeoldae], volume 하 [ha]:

What do you trying to do, asking for such [a high] price?

(after an adverbial phrase) An emphatic particle.


-곰

Korean: 금 (-geum)

desc

⇒ Korean: 다시금 (dasigeum), 하여금 (hayeogeum)

Korean: 곤 (-gon, habitual verbal suffix)

가ᄀᆞ기 놀라ᄫᅵ 니러셔다가 ᄯᅩ 도로 아ᇇ곰 ᄒᆞ실ᄊᆡ

Because he kept suddenly standing up surprised, and then sitting back down again

iterative aspect
iterative aspect#English

Expresses habitual or iterative aspect, often followed by ᄒᆞ다 (hota).


ᄃᆞᇫ오다

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ᄃᆞᇫ〯오다〮 (tǒzGwòtá)

ᄃᆞᇫ〯오다〮 (canonical)
tǒzGwòtá (romanization)

Probably from ᄃᆞᇫ〯 (tǒz-, “to love”) + ᄫᆞ (-Wo-, adjective-deriving suffix).


ᄃᆞᆺᄒᆞ다

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ᄃᆞᆺᄒᆞ다〮 (tòshòtá)

ᄃᆞᆺᄒᆞ다〮 (canonical)
tòshòtá (romanization)

Middle Korean: ᄃᆞᄉᆞᄒᆞ다 (tosohota)

⇒ Korean: 다스하다 (daseuhada)

Middle Korean: ᄃᆞᆺᄃᆞᆺᄒᆞ다 (tostoshota)

desc

⇒ Korean: ᄯᆞᆺᄯᆞᆺᄒᆞ다

⇒ Korean: ᄯᆞᆺᄯᆞᆺᄒᆞ다

Middle Korean: 듯다 (tusta)

⇒ Korean: 듯듯ᄒᆞ다

From *ᄃᆞᆺ (tòs, “warm”) + ᄒᆞ다 (hota). See also ᄃᆞᆺᄃᆞ시 (tòs-tòs-ì, “warmly”). ᄃᆞᆺ (tos-) would give rise to the modern coordinate terms for "warm", evolving through various forms derived from it. ᄃᆞᄉᆞ (toso-) would emerge through epenthesis of a second vowel and would result in ᄃᆞᄉᆞᆸ (tosop-), ᄃᆞᄉᆞ롭 (tosolwop-) and ᄃᆞᄉᆞᄒᆞ다 (tosohota) through the addition of different suffixes. Reduplication would lead to ᄃᆞᆺᄃᆞᆺᄒᆞ다 (tostoshota), attaining a consonant cluster that would undergo various vowel shifts in order to result in 따뜻하다 (ttatteuthada), 따끈하다 (ttakkeunhada) and 따갑 (ttagap-), as well as their respective variations. The ablauted form 듯 (tus-) and the reduplicated 듯듯ᄒᆞ다 (tustushota) resulted in 뜨뜻하다 (tteutteuthada) and 뜨끈하다 (tteukkeunhada) as well as 뜨겁 (tteugeop-) through rebracketing of its first syllable. Arae-aᆞwould undergo its vowel shift in each of these terms and the consonant clusters would be glottalized into /t͈/.

ᄆᆞᅀᆞ-ᄆᆞᆯ ᄃᆞᆺ게 아니코 곧 블로 그 모-ᄆᆞᆯ ᄧᅬ면

1466, 救急方諺解 / 구급방언해 (Gugeupbang eonhae):

if one exposes oneself straightaway to a fire's warmth without [first] making his insides warm

mozom-ol toskey anikhwo kwot pul-lwo ku mwom-ol pcwoymyen


가ᄀᆞᆨᄒᆞ다

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가ᄀᆞᆨ〮ᄒᆞ다〮 (kàkókhòtá) (infinitive 가ᄀᆞᆨ〮ᄒᆞ야〮, sequential 가ᄀᆞᆨ〮ᄒᆞ니〮)

가ᄀᆞᆨ〮ᄒᆞ다〮 (canonical)
kàkókhòtá (romanization)
가ᄀᆞᆨ〮ᄒᆞ야〮 (infinitive)
가ᄀᆞᆨ〮ᄒᆞ니〮 (sequential)

ᄒᆞ다가 ᄆᆞᅀᆞᆷ ᄡᅮ미 가ᄀᆞᆨᄒᆞ면 ᄆᆞᅀᆞᇝ조기 뮈여 血氣 調和티 몯ᄒᆞᆫ 等엣 病이 나리니 正ᄒᆞᆫ 길히 아니라


가도혀다

가도〮혀다〮 (kàtwóhyètá) (infinitive 가도〮혀〮, sequential 가도〮혀니〮)

가도〮혀다〮 (canonical)
kàtwóhyètá (romanization)
가도〮혀〮 (infinitive)
가도〮혀니〮 (sequential)

가도 (katwo-, “to confine”) + ᅘᅧ (hhye-, to drag).

compound

자라 간 새도 다 ᄂᆞᆯ개ᄅᆞᆯ 가도혓도다

1481, 분류두공부시언해 (Bullyu dugongbu si eonhae), volume 9, page 17b:

The bird who has gone to sleep has all folded back its wings, too.

cala kan say-two ta nolkay-lol katwohyestwota


가ᄅᆞ다

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가ᄅᆞ다〮 (kàlòtá) (infinitive 갈아〮, sequential 가ᄅᆞ니〮)

가ᄅᆞ다〮 (canonical)
kàlòtá (romanization)
갈아〮 (infinitive)
가ᄅᆞ니〮 (sequential)

Korean: 가르다 (gareuda)

*갈 (*kal-, “to split?”) + ᄋᆞ (-o-, causative suffix). Compare 가리〮다〮 (kàlítá, “to get split”).

compound

갈아 두 乘이 ᄃᆞ외니 ᄒᆞᆫ 가지 아니오

1481, 월인석보 (Worin Seokbo), volume 12, page 49a:

Since it became two by splitting it, it is not one.


가도다

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가도〮다〮 (kàtwótá) (infinitive 가도〮아〮, sequential 가도〮니〮)

가도〮다〮 (canonical)
kàtwótá (romanization)
가도〮아〮 (infinitive)
가도〮니〮 (sequential)

Korean: 가두다 (gaduda)

갇 (kat-, “to collect”) + 오 (-wo-, causative suffix). Compare 가티〮다〮 (kàthítá, “to get confined”).

compound

큰 구-데 가도고 飮食(음식) 아니 주더니

1481, 삼강행실도충신도 (Samgang haengsil do chungsin do), page 6a:

They confined him in a big hole and did not give him food and water.

khun kwut-ey katwokwo UM.SIK ani cwuteni


가ᄉᆡ다

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가ᄉᆡ〮다 (kàsóytà) (infinitive 가ᄉᆡ〮야〮, sequential 가ᄉᆡ〮니〮)

가ᄉᆡ〮다 (canonical)
kàsóytà (romanization)
가ᄉᆡ〮야〮 (infinitive)
가ᄉᆡ〮니〮 (sequential)

Korean: 가시다 (gasida)

어미 밥 보고 貪ᄒᆞᆫ ᄆᆞᅀᆞᄆᆞᆯ 가ᄉᆡ디 몯ᄒᆞ야 왼소ᄂᆞ로 바ᄇᆞᆯ 쥐여 머그며

1459, 월인석보 (Worin Seokbo), volume 23, page 89b:

The mother couldn't get rid of her desire upon seeing the food, and ate the food grabbing it with her left hand

(transitive, intransitive) to change, to get rid of


가ᄌᆞᆯ비다

가ᄌᆞᆯ〮비다〮 (kàcólpìtá) (infinitive 가ᄌᆞᆯ〮벼〮, sequential 가ᄌᆞᆯ〮비니〮)

가ᄌᆞᆯ〮비다〮 (canonical)
kàcólpìtá (romanization)
가ᄌᆞᆯ〮벼〮 (infinitive)
가ᄌᆞᆯ〮비니〮 (sequential)

Possibly related to ᄀᆞᄌᆞᆯ〮비다〮 (kòcólpìtá).


가도이다

가도〮이다〮 (kàtwóìtá) (infinitive 가도〮여〮, sequential 가도〮이니〮)

가도〮이다〮 (canonical)
kàtwóìtá (romanization)
가도〮여〮 (infinitive)
가도〮이니〮 (sequential)

가도 (katwo-, “to confine”) + 이 (-i-, passive suffix).

compound

ᄒᆞ다가 有情이 나랏 法에 자피여 ᄆᆡ여 매 마자 獄애 가도이거나

1481, 월인석보 (Worin Seokbo), volume 9, page 25a:

By any chance, [if] a sentient being gets caught by a country's law and gets caned and locked up in prison,


가홀오다

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가홀〮오다〮 (kàhwólGwòtá) (infinitive 가홀〮오아〮, sequential 가홀〮오니〮)

가홀〮오다〮 (canonical)
kàhwólGwòtá (romanization)
가홀〮오아〮 (infinitive)
가홀〮오니〮 (sequential)

Korean: 거우르다 (geoureuda)

낫과 바ᄆᆡ 곳다온 酒樽을 가홀오노라

1481, 분류두공부시언해 (Bullyu Dugongbu si eonhae), volume 8, page 25b:


가히다

가히〮다〮 (kàhítá) (infinitive 가혀〮, sequential 가히〮니〮)

가히〮다〮 (canonical)
kàhítá (romanization)
가혀〮 (infinitive)
가히〮니〮 (sequential)

Korean: 개다 (gaeda)

ᄒᆡᆫ 곳가-리 모나게 가혓도다

1481, 분류두공부시언해 (Bullyu Dugongbu si eonhae), volume 20, page 24a:


가ᅀᆞ멸다

가ᅀᆞ〮멸다〮 (kàzómyèltá) (infinitive 가ᅀᆞ〮며러〮, sequential 가ᅀᆞ〮며니〮)

가ᅀᆞ〮멸다〮 (canonical)
kàzómyèltá (romanization)
가ᅀᆞ〮며러〮 (infinitive)
가ᅀᆞ〮며니〮 (sequential)

Korean: 가멸다 (gamyeolda)

Uncertain. Possibly containing 가ᅀᆞᆷ〮 (kàzóm, “material”).

그 城 안해〮 ᄒᆞᆫ 大臣 護彌라〮 호〮리〮 가ᅀᆞ〮멸오〮 發心ᄒᆞ〮더니〮

1447, 석보상절 (Seokbo Sangjeol), volume 6, page 14a:


가난ᄒᆞ다

가난ᄒᆞ다〮 (kànànhòtá) (infinitive 가난ᄒᆞ야〮, sequential 가난ᄒᆞ니〮)

가난ᄒᆞ다〮 (canonical)
kànànhòtá (romanization)
가난ᄒᆞ야〮 (infinitive)
가난ᄒᆞ니〮 (sequential)

Korean: 가난하다 (gananhada)

가난 (kanan, “poverty”) + ᄒᆞ (ho-, light verb).

compound

지-비 가난ᄒᆞ야 이바돌 거-시 업스니

1481, 분류두공부시언해 (Bullyu dugongbu si eonhae), volume 8, page 55a:


가티다

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가티〮다〮 (kàthítá) (infinitive 가텨〮, sequential 가티〮니〮)

가티〮다〮 (canonical)
kàthítá (romanization)
가텨〮 (infinitive)
가티〮니〮 (sequential)

Korean: 갇히다 (gachida)

갇 (kat-, “to collect”) + 히 (-hi-, passive suffix).


갇다

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갇다〮 (kàttá) (infinitive 가다〮, sequential 가ᄃᆞ〮니〮)

갇다〮 (canonical)
kàttá (romanization)
가다〮 (infinitive)
가ᄃᆞ〮니〮 (sequential)

Cognate with Middle Korean 걷다〮 (kèttá, “to collect”).


가ᇝ돌다

가ᇝ돌〯다〮 (kàmstwǒltá) (infinitive 가ᇝ도라〮, sequential 가ᇝ도〯니〮)

가ᇝ돌〯다〮 (canonical)
kàmstwǒltá (romanization)
가ᇝ도라〮 (infinitive)
가ᇝ도〯니〮 (sequential)

Korean: 감돌다 (gamdolda)

감 (kam-, “to wind up”) + 돌〯 (twǒl-, “to spin”). However, the addition of the intervening ㅅ (-s-) is unexpected.


엳ᄌᆞᆸ다

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엳〯ᄌᆞᆸ다〮 (yětcòptá) (infinitive 엳〯ᄌᆞᄫᅡ〮, sequential 엳〯ᄌᆞᄫᆞ〮니〮)

엳〯ᄌᆞᆸ다〮 (canonical)
yětcòptá (romanization)
엳〯ᄌᆞᄫᅡ〮 (infinitive)
엳〯ᄌᆞᄫᆞ〮니〮 (sequential)

Korean: 여쭙다 (yeojjupda), 여쭈다 (yeojjuda)

옅 (yeth-, “to humbly ask”) + ᄌᆞᆸ (-cop-, object-honoring suffix).