mac

head

mac m (genitive mic, nominative plural mic)

Irish: mac

Manx: mac

Scottish Gaelic: mac

From Old Irish macc, from Primitive Irish ᚋᚐᚊᚊᚔ (maqqi, genitive), from Proto-Celtic *makkʷos, a variant of *makʷos (“son”), from Proto-Indo-European *meh₂ḱ- (“to raise, increase”).


fer

head

fer m (genitive fir, nominative plural fir)

fir (genitive)
fir (nominative plural)
fer (mutation mutation-radical)
ḟer (lenition mutation)
fer (mutation mutation-nasal)

Irish: fear

Manx: fer

Scottish Gaelic: fear

From Old Irish fer, from Primitive Irish *ᚃᚔᚏᚐᚄ (*viras), from Proto-Celtic *wiros, from Proto-Indo-European *wiHrós.

In fer no·t⟨h⟩ēged iarsint ṡligi do·bered in n-aēl isin coiri, ocus a·taibred din chētgabāil, iss ed no·ithed.

c. 1000, anonymous author, edited by Rudolf Thurneysen, Scéla Mucca Meic Dathó, Dublin: Stationery Office, published 1935, § 1, page 2, line 13:

Each man who came along the way would put the flesh-fork into the cauldron, and whatever he got at the first taking, it was that which he ate. (literally, “The man who…”)


seiche

Irish: seithe

From Proto-Celtic *sekess, from Proto-Indo-European *sek- (“to cut”) (compare Icelandic sigg (“callus, hard skin”)).


cur

cur m (genitive curad, nominative plural curaid)

curad (genitive)
curaid (nominative plural)
cur (mutation mutation-radical)
chur (lenition mutation)
cur (mutation mutation-nasal)

Irish: curadh

From Old Irish caur, from Proto-Celtic *karuts.

Fo chích curad
 crechtaig, cathbuadaig, at comsa mac Findchoeme frim. […] Magen curad,
 cride n-ega, eithre n-ela,
 eirr trén tressa, trethan ágach,
 cain tarb tnúthach.

c. 1000, “The Tale of Mac Da Thó's Pig”, in Ernst Windisch, editor, Irische Texte, volume 1, published 1800, section 15:

Under the breast of the hero
 covered in wounds, victorious in battle, you are the son of Findchoem who is equal to me. […] Dwelling of a hero,
 heart of ice, plumage of a swan
 strong chariot-hero of battle, warlike sea,
 beautiful fierce bull.


clann

Irish: clann

Manx: cloan

desctree

Scottish Gaelic: clann
→ English: clan (see there for further descendants)

From Old Irish cland, from Old Welsh plant, from Latin planta.


boga

Irish: bogha

Manx: bow

Scottish Gaelic: bogha

boga (mutation mutation-radical)
boga (lenition mutation)
mboga (mutation mutation-nasal)


aite

head

aite m (genitive aiti, nominative plural aiti)

aiti (genitive)
aiti (nominative plural)
aite (nominative singular)
aite (dual nominative)
aiti (nominative plural)
aiti (singular vocative)
aite (dual vocative)
aitiu (plural vocative)
aite (accusative singular)
aite (accusative dual)
aitiu (accusative plural)
aiti (genitive singular)
aite (dual genitive)
aite (genitive plural)
aitiu (dative singular)
aitib (dative dual)
aitib (dative plural)
aite (mutation mutation-radical)
n-aite (mutation mutation-nasal)

Irish: oide

Manx: gedjey

Scottish Gaelic: oide

From Old Irish aite, from Proto-Celtic *attyos, related to Welsh tâd, Breton tat. From Proto-Indo-European *átta (“father”), ultimately a nursery word. The d in Modern Irish oide may be due to the influence of English daddy.

onomatopoeic

nursery word


Albanach

Irish: Albanach

Manx: Albinagh

Scottish Gaelic: Albannach

Albanach (mutation mutation-radical)
nAlbanach (mutation mutation-nasal)


rí

head

rí m (genitive ríg, nominative plural ríg)

Irish: rí

Manx: ree

Scottish Gaelic: rìgh

From Old Irish rí, from Proto-Celtic *rīxs, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃rḗǵs (“ruler, king”), which is derived from *h₃reǵ-.

der

Boí rí amra for Laignib, .i. Mac Dathó a ainm.

c. 1000, “The Tale of Mac Da Thó's Pig”, in Ernst Windisch, editor, Irische Texte, volume 1, published 1800, section 1:

There was a wonderful king over the Leinstermen; Mac Dathó was his name.


duine

head

duine m (genitive duini, nominative plural doíni)

duini (genitive)
doíni (nominative plural)
duine (mutation mutation-radical)
duine (lenition mutation)
later /ɣ-/ (lenition mutation)
later /ɣʲ-/ (lenition mutation)
nduine (mutation mutation-nasal)

Irish: duine

Manx: dooinney

Scottish Gaelic: duine

From Old Irish duine, from Proto-Celtic *gdonyos (“human, person”).


persa

persan (genitive)
persa (mutation mutation-radical)
phersa (lenition mutation)
persa (mutation mutation-nasal)

Irish: pearsa

Scottish Gaelic: pearsa

From Old Irish persan, from Latin persōna.


duille

Irish: duille

Manx: duilley

Scottish Gaelic: duille

duille (mutation mutation-radical)
duille (lenition mutation)
later /ɣ-/ (lenition mutation)
later /ɣʲ-/ (lenition mutation)
nduille (mutation mutation-nasal)

From Old Irish duilne, from Proto-Celtic *dolinyā, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰelh₁- (“to bloom”). Cognate with Welsh dail and Breton delienn, which are from a variant Proto-Celtic form *dolyā, and more distantly with Ancient Greek θάλλω (thállō, “to bloom”).

cog

something resembling a leaf, especially a leaf of a book


frac

frac (mutation mutation-radical)
ḟrac (lenition mutation)
frac (mutation mutation-nasal)

From Proto-Celtic *wrakkā, probably related to *grúac (“hair”); for similar sense development, see Scottish Gaelic gruagach (“maiden, woman”), which evolved from gruag, as unmarried women did not cover their hair.
Compare Welsh gwraig and Breton gwreg.


ecla

Irish: eagla

Manx: aggle

Scottish Gaelic: eagal

From Old Irish eclae, from ess- + gal (“valor”). By surface analysis, ecal + -e.


lenbán

head

lenbán m (genitive lenbáin, nominative plural lenbáin)

lenbáin (genitive)
lenbáin (nominative plural)

Irish: leanbán

Scottish Gaelic: leanaban


rígan

Irish: ríon, banríon

Manx: rein, benrein

desc

Scottish Gaelic: rìghinn, banrìghinn, rìbhinn

From Old Irish rígain, from Proto-Celtic *rīganī.


Bretnach

Irish: Breatnach

Manx: Bretnagh

Scottish Gaelic: Breatannach


tech n-óil

Irish: teach óil

tech n-óil (mutation mutation-radical)
thech n-óil (lenition mutation)
tech n-óil (mutation mutation-nasal)


filidecht

Irish: filíocht

Manx: feeleeaght

Scottish Gaelic: filidheachd

filidecht (mutation mutation-radical)
ḟilidecht (lenition mutation)
filidecht (mutation mutation-nasal)

/ˈɸʲilʲəðʲəxt/

From Old Irish filedacht. By surface analysis, fili + -acht.


Espáinech

Irish: Spáinneach

Manx: Spaainagh

Scottish Gaelic: Spàinneach

Espáinech (mutation mutation-radical)
nEspáinech (mutation mutation-nasal)


úachtarán

Irish: uachtarán

Manx: eaghtyrane

Scottish Gaelic: uachdaran

úachtarán (mutation mutation-radical)
n-úachtarán (mutation mutation-nasal)


brécaire

Irish: bréagaire

Manx: breagerey

Scottish Gaelic: breugaire

brécaire (mutation mutation-radical)
brécaire (lenition mutation)
mbrécaire (mutation mutation-nasal)

From bréc (“falsehood, lie; deception”) + -aire (agent noun suffix).


ógán

Irish: ógánach

Manx: aegan

Scottish Gaelic: ògan, òganach


ócán

head

ócán m (genitive ógáin, nominative plural ógáin)

ógáin (genitive)
ógáin (nominative plural)

Manx: aegan

Scottish Gaelic: ògan


casán

casán (mutation mutation-radical)
chasán (lenition mutation)
casán (mutation mutation-nasal)


pipur

pipuir (genitive)
pipur (mutation mutation-radical)
phipur (lenition mutation)
pipur (mutation mutation-nasal)

Irish: piobar

Manx: pibbyr

Scottish Gaelic: peabar, piobar

Borrowed from Latin piper, from Ancient Greek πέπερι (péperi, “pepper”).


nóedenán

nóedenán m (genitive nóedenáin, nominative plural nóedenáin)

nóedenáin (genitive)
nóedenáin (nominative plural)

Irish: naíonán

/ˈn͈ɤːðʲənaːn/

/ˈn͈ɯːɣʲənaːn/


lethar

lethar (gender unknown, genitive lethair, no plural)

Irish: leathar

Manx: liare

Scottish Gaelic: leathar

From Proto-Celtic *letros (compare Welsh lledr), from Proto-Indo-European *létrom (compare Old English leþer, Old Norse leðr).


botach

Irish: bodach

Scottish Gaelic: bodach

botach (mutation mutation-radical)
botach (lenition mutation)
mbotach (mutation mutation-nasal)


prinnsa

Irish: prionsa

Scottish Gaelic: prionnsa

prinnsa (mutation mutation-radical)
phrinnsa (mutation mutation-nasal)
or unchanged (mutation mutation-nasal)
prinnsa (mutation)

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman prince, from Latin princeps.


maccoím

Irish: macaomh

→ Middle Welsh: makwyf

Welsh: macwy

maccoím (mutation mutation-radical)
maccoím (lenition mutation)

From Old Irish macc coím. By surface analysis, macc (“boy”) + cóem (“dear, gentle”).


sabdán

Irish: sabhdán

sabdán (mutation mutation-radical)
ṡabdán (lenition mutation)

From Middle French sultan (assimilated to the suffix -án), from Ottoman Turkish سلطان (sultan) and/or Arabic سُلْطَان (sulṭān).


ferg

Irish: fearg

Manx: ferg

Scottish Gaelic: fearg

From Old Irish ferg, from Proto-Celtic *wergā, from Proto-Indo-European *werǵéh₂, from the root *werǵ- (“to make, to work”).


literdacht

Irish: litríocht f

From Old Irish litredacht. By surface analysis, literda (“literary”) + -acht.


literda

/ˈl͈ʲitʲərðə/

/ˈl͈ʲitʲərɣə/


derbsiur

derbṡiur (canonical feminine)
derbṡiur (nominative singular)
derbṡiair (dual nominative)
derbṡethir (nominative plural)
derbṡiur (singular vocative)
derbṡiair (dual vocative)
derbṡethra (plural vocative)
derbṡiair (accusative singular)
derbṡiair (accusative dual)
derbṡethra (accusative plural)
derbṡethar (genitive singular)
derbṡethar (dual genitive)
derbṡethar (genitive plural)
derbṡiair (dative singular)
derbṡethraib (dative dual)
derbṡethraib (dative plural)
derbṡiur (mutation mutation-radical)
derbṡiur (lenition mutation)
later /ɣ-/ (lenition mutation)
later /ɣʲ-/ (lenition mutation)
nderbṡiur (mutation mutation-nasal)

Irish: deirfiúr


bogatóir

Irish: boghdóir

Manx: bowder, boweyder

Scottish Gaelic: boghadair

bogatóir (mutation mutation-radical)
bogatóir (lenition mutation)
mbogatóir (mutation mutation-nasal)


saigteóir

saigteóra (genitive)
saigteóir (mutation mutation-radical)
ṡaigteóir (lenition mutation)

Irish: saighdeoir, saighdiúir

Manx: sideyr

Scottish Gaelic: saighdear


saigetbolc

saigitbuilc (genitive)
saigetbolc (mutation mutation-radical)
ṡaigetbolc (lenition mutation)

Irish: saigheadbholg


saigteóracht

Irish: saighdeoireacht

saigteóracht (mutation mutation-radical)
ṡaigteóracht (lenition mutation)


saigtech

head

saigtech m (genitive saigtig, nominative plural saigtig)

saigtig (genitive)
saigtig (nominative plural)
saigtech (mutation mutation-radical)
ṡaigtech (lenition mutation)


Northmann

Borrowed from Old English Norþmann (“Norseman, Dane”). Compare Norwegian nordmann.


barún

barún m (genitive barúin or barún, nominative plural barúin)

barúin (genitive)
barún (genitive)
barúin (nominative plural)

Irish: barún

Borrowed from Old French baron, from Latin barōnem.


beóir

Irish: beoir

beóir (mutation mutation-radical)
beóir (lenition mutation)
mbeóir (mutation mutation-nasal)


cláirseóir

Irish: cláirseoir

Manx: claaseyr

Scottish Gaelic: clàrsair


brága

brága f (genitive brágat, nominative plural brágait)

brágat (genitive)
brágait (nominative plural)
brága (mutation mutation-radical)
brága (lenition mutation)
mbrága (mutation mutation-nasal)

desc

Irish: brá (“captive, hostage”), bráid (“neck, throat”)

Scottish Gaelic: bràigh (“captive, hostage”)

From Old Irish bráge (“neck”), from Proto-Celtic *brāgants. The sense “captive” derives from the phrase gaibid ar brágait (“to take captive”, literally “to take by the neck”).


derbchomalta

derbchomalta (mutation mutation-radical)
derbchomalta (lenition mutation)
later /ɣ-/ (lenition mutation)
later /ɣʲ-/ (lenition mutation)
nderbchomalta (mutation mutation-nasal)


comalta

Irish: comhalta

comalta (mutation mutation-radical)
chomalta (lenition mutation)
comalta (mutation mutation-nasal)

From Old Irish comaltae, from Proto-Celtic *komaltyos. By surface analysis, com- (“with”) + ailte (“fostered”).

comaltar

co-fosterage, joint responsibility for fosterage

comaltas

foster-brotherhood, intimate friendship; co-fosterage


tinne

tinne (mutation mutation-radical)
thinne (lenition mutation)
tinne (mutation mutation-nasal)

Dam ocus tinne in cach coiri.

c. 1000, anonymous author, edited by Rudolf Thurneysen, Scéla Mucca Meic Dathó, Dublin: Stationery Office, published 1935, § 1, page 2, line 12:

[There was] an ox and a side of bacon in each cauldron.


clíamain

clémna (genitive)
clíamain (mutation mutation-radical)
chlíamain (lenition mutation)
clíamain (mutation mutation-nasal)

Irish: cliamhain

Manx: cleuin

Scottish Gaelic: cliamhainn


ithid

ithe (noun-from-verb)
ithid (mutation mutation-radical)
n-ithid (mutation mutation-nasal)

Irish: ith

Manx: ee

Scottish Gaelic: ith

c. 1000, anonymous author, edited by Rudolf Thurneysen, Scéla Mucca Meic Dathó, Dublin: Stationery Office, published 1935, § 1, page 2, line 14:

Each man who came along the passage would put the flesh-fork into the cauldron, and whatever he got at the first taking, it was that which he ate. (literally, “The man who…”)


míanaige

míanaigi (plural)
míanaige (mutation mutation-radical)
míanaige (lenition mutation)

/ˈmʲiːə̯nəɣʲə/


fidchell

head

fidchell f (genitive fidchille, nominative plural fidchella)

fidchille (genitive)
fidchella (nominative plural)
fidchell (mutation mutation-radical)
ḟidchell (lenition mutation)
fidchell (mutation mutation-nasal)

Irish: ficheall

Manx: feeal

Scottish Gaelic: fidhcheall

→ English: fidchell

/ˈɸʲiðxʲəl͈/

From Proto-Celtic *widukʷeislā (literally “wood intelligence”), from *widus (“wood”) + *kʷeislā (“sense”), cognate with Welsh gwyddbwyll, Cornish gwydhbol, and Breton gwezboell.

der

An ancient Celtic board game somewhat resembling chess.


Medb

desctree

Irish: Méabh, Meadhbh, Méadhbh (superseded), Méibh
→ English: Maeve

Medb (mutation mutation-radical)
Medb (lenition mutation)

From Proto-Celtic *medwā, from Proto-Indo-European *médʰu. Compare Middle Irish medb (“intoxicating”), from Proto-Celtic *medwos.

Tancas o Ailill ocus o Meidb do chungid in chon.

People were sent from Ailill and from Medb to ask for the dog.

a female given name, equivalent to English Maeve, born notably by the queen of Connacht in the Ulster Cycle


tigerna

Irish: tiarna

Manx: çhiarn

Scottish Gaelic: tighearna

tigerna (mutation mutation-radical)
thigerna (lenition mutation)
tigerna (mutation mutation-nasal)

/ˈtʲiɣʲər͈n͈ə/


áel

Irish: adhal

Manx: aall

Scottish Gaelic: adhal

áel (mutation mutation-radical)
n-áel (mutation mutation-nasal)

From Old Irish áel, perhaps from the same source as Proto-Germanic *ēlō (“awl”). See also Sanskrit आरा (ārā, “shoemaker's knife”).


boingid

desc

⇒ Irish: bain (“to take, reap, dig out”)

boingid (mutation mutation-radical)
boingid (lenition mutation)
mboingid (mutation mutation-nasal)

/ˈboŋʲɡʲəðʲ/

/ˈboŋʲɡʲəɣʲ/

From Old Irish bongaid, from Proto-Celtic *bungeti.


Gall-Goídel

head

Gall-Goídel m (genitive Gall-Goídil, nominative plural Gall-Goídil)

Gall-Goídil (genitive)
Gall-Goídil (nominative plural)
Gall-Goídel (mutation mutation-radical)
Gall-Goídel (lenition mutation)
nGall-Goídel (mutation mutation-nasal)

Irish: Gall-Ghael

→ English: Gall-Gael

Scottish Gaelic: Gall-Ghàidheal

Manx: Goal-Ghael

→ Middle Welsh: gallwydel

Welsh: gallwyddel

/ˈɡal͈ˌɣɤːðʲəl/

/ˈɡal͈ˌɣɯːɣʲəl/

From Gall (“non-Gaelic settler in Ireland”) + Goídel (“Gael”).

af

A Norseman who settled in Ireland and adopted the native culture.


oirid

oirid (mutation mutation-radical)
n-oirid (mutation mutation-nasal)

Perhaps a contamination of ailid (“to suit”) with foirid (“to help”).