abhorrer

abhorrer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
abhorrant (gerund participle present)

French: abhorrer

Borrowed from Latin abhorrēre, present active infinitive of abhorreō. Displaced earlier avourrir. First attested in 1327.


accorder

accorder (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
accordant (gerund participle present)

French: accorder


accepter

accepter (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
acceptant (gerund participle present)

desctree

French: accepter
→ Franco-Provençal: accèptar

→ Middle Dutch: accepteren

Dutch: accepteren


donner

donner (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
donnant (gerund participle present)

French: donner
→ Romanian: dona

→ Dutch: doneren

From Old French doner, from Latin dōnō, dōnāre.


protester

protester (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
protestant (gerund participle present)

Lucillius, lequel protestoit n'escrire que a ses Tarentins & Consentinois

1552, François Rabelais, Le Tiers Livre:


hay

first-person singular present indicative of hayr


explorer

explorer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
explorant (gerund participle present)


matter

matter (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
mattant (gerund participle present)


avoir

avoir (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
ayant (gerund participle present)

French: avoir

From Old French avoir, aveir, from Latin habēre, present active infinitive of habeō (“have, hold, possess”), possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʰh₁bʰ- (“to grab, to take”).

der

(auxiliary) to have (verb used to form the perfect tense)


void

third-person singular indicative present of veoir


dancer

dancer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
dançant (gerund participle present)


dy

first-person singular present indicative of dire


accuser

accuser (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
accusant (gerund participle present)

French: accuser

From Old French acuser, accuser, borrowed from Latin accuso, accusare.


lever

lever (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
levant (gerund participle present)

French: lever


es

second-person singular present indicative of estre


interpreter

interpreter (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
interpretant (gerund participle present)

French: interpréter

to interpret; to find meaning in something


est

third-person singular present indicative of estre


robber

robber (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
robbant (gerund participle present)


passer

passer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
passant (gerund participle present)

desctree

French: passer
→ Alemannic German: passiere
→ German: passieren
Romanian: → pasa, → trece (semantic loan)

Cy aprés parle comment les deux freres passerent le desert

15th century, Rustichello da Pisa (original author), Mazarine Master (scribe), The Travels of Marco Polo, page 3, line 2:


dormir

French: dormir

From Old French dormir, from Latin dormiō, dormīre.


partir

French: partir

From Old French partir, from Latin partīre, present active infinitive of partiō (“I distribute, divide”).

(intransitive or reflexive, se partir) to leave

Nous partons le fruict de nostre chasse avec noz chiens et oyseaux, comme la peine et l’industrie.

We divide up the fruit of our hunt with our dogs and birds, just as we do the pain and the hard work.


adviser

adviser (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
advisant (gerund participle present)

French: aviser

Old French aviser, with the d added back to reflect the Late Latin advisō.


marcher

marcher (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
marchant (gerund participle present)

French: marcher

→ Middle English: marchen

English: march


remettre

Old French remetre, equivalent to re- + mettre (“to put”).


boire

French: boire

From Old French boivre, beivre, from Latin bibō, bibere.


vivre

French: vivre

From Old French vivre, from Latin vīvere, present active infinitive of vīvō.


manger

manger (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
mangeant (gerund participle present)

French: manger (see there for further descendants)


traire

French: traire

arbalestriers commencierent a traire sur le chastel

[the] crossbowmen started to fire at the castle


mettre

mettre (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
mettant (gerund participle present)

French: mettre

From Old French metre, from Latin mittō.


plaire

French: plaire


tuer

tuer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
tuant (gerund participle present)

French: tuer


faire

faire (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
faisant (gerund participle present)

French: faire

entre tant que on fera un pappe nous pourrons bien aler en Venisse

15th century, Rustichello da Pisa (original author), Mazarine Master (scribe), The Travels of Marco Polo, page 7, lines 8–9:

while they are electing a Pope, we could well go to Venice


quitter

quitter (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
quittant (gerund participle present)

French: quitter

to release from an obligation; to forgive (a debt)


mentir

French: mentir


ay

first-person singular present indicative of avoir


espoire

Vient, non au plus fort ou greigneur:
Mais à qui luy plaist, com fault croire:
Doncq a & chevance & honneur
Cil qui par foy en luy espoire.

third-person singular present indicative of esperer


repentant

head

repentant (feminine singular repentante, masculine plural repentans, feminine plural repentantes)

repentante (feminine singular)
repentans (masculine plural)
repentantes (feminine plural)

(may be preceded by en, invariable) gerund of repentir


surprise

feminine singular of the past participle of surprendre


regarder

regarder (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
regardant (gerund participle present)

→ English: regard

French: regarder


mourir

desctree

French: mourir
Haitian Creole: mouri
Louisiana Creole: mouri


naissant

head

naissant (feminine singular naissante, masculine plural naissans, feminine plural naissantes)

naissante (feminine singular)
naissans (masculine plural)
naissantes (feminine plural)

(may be preceded by en, invariable) gerund of naistre


porter

porter (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
portant (gerund participle present)

French: porter

From Old French porter, from Latin portō, portāre.

porter la banniere


dire

French: dire

From Old French dire, from a contraction of Latin dīcere, present active infinitive of dīcō.


joint

frm-past participle

joint m (feminine singular jointe, masculine plural joins, feminine plural jointes)

jointe (feminine singular)
joins (masculine plural)
jointes (feminine plural)


rider

rider (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
ridant (gerund participle present)

French: rider

From Old French rider (“to wrinkle”), from Old High German rīdan (“to turn; twist”).


fumer

fumer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
fumant (gerund participle present)


logier

logier (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
logeant (gerund participle present)

desctree

French: loger
→ Dutch: logeren
→ Esperanto: loĝi


poiser

poiser (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
poisant (gerund participle present)

From Old French poiser, variant of peser based on the tonic stem, from Latin pēnsāre.

(figuratively) to weigh on; to be a burden or a problem


loge

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

nonlemma

first-person singular/third-person singular present indicative/subjunctive

inflection of loger, logier:
second-person singular imperative


taster

taster (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
tastant (gerund participle present)

French: tâter

From Old French taster, from a late Vulgar Latin *tastāre, from contraction of *taxitāre, iterative of Late Latin taxāre, present active infinitive of taxō, from Classical Latin tangō (“I touch”). Compare Catalan and Occitan tastar, Italian tastare.


caper

caper (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
capant (gerund participle present)


invader

invader (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
invadant (gerund participle present)

First known attestation 1415, borrowed from Latin invādō. Doublet of envahir.


payer

payer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
payant (gerund participle present)

French: payer


desirer

desirer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
desirant (gerund participle present)

French: désirer


combatant

head

combatant (feminine singular combatante, masculine plural combatans, feminine plural combatantes)

combatante (feminine singular)
combatans (masculine plural)
combatantes (feminine plural)

(may be preceded by en, invariable) gerund of combatre


chercher

chercher (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
cherchant (gerund participle present)

French: chercher

From an alteration of Old French cerchier, sercher, cercier, cercer through assimilation.


fist

third-person singular past historic of faire


gaspiller

gaspiller (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
gaspillant (gerund participle present)

1561, Jean Zonaras, Maumont, Les Histoires et chroniques du Monde tirées tant du gros volume de Ian Zonaras, page 423

And upon this, to fight, destroy and shake them up in the public market

Et sur cela, d'eux entrebatre, gaspiller, sabouler au public marché


tomber

French: tomber, tumer (dialectal)


trouver

trouver (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
trouvant (gerund participle present)

French: trouver

From Old French trover, truver, from Vulgar Latin *tropāre, present active infinitive of *tropō, from Latin tropus.


parler

parler (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
parlant (gerund participle present)

French: parler
Haitian Creole: pale


finir

finir (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
finissant (gerund participle present)

French: finir

(transitive, intransitive) to finish; to end


adapter

adapter (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
adaptant (gerund participle present)


assistant

assistant (feminine singular assistante, masculine plural assistans, feminine plural assistantes)

assistante (feminine singular)
assistans (masculine plural)
assistantes (feminine plural)

(may be preceded by en, invariable) gerund of assister


commencer

commencer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
commençant (gerund participle present)

French: commencer (see there for further descendants)

(transitive, intransitive) to start; to begin


prendre

French: prendre

From Old French prendre, prandre, from Latin prēndō, prēndere, from prehendō.


pisser

pisser (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
pissant (gerund participle present)

From Old French pissier, from Vulgar Latin *pīssiāre.


flatter

flatter (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
flattant (gerund participle present)


demander

demander (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
demandant (gerund participle present)

French: demander


baiser

baiser (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
baisant (gerund participle present)


porte

first/third-person singular present indicative/subjunctive

inflection of porter:
second-person singular imperative


arriver

arriver (infinitive)
estre + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
arrivant (gerund participle present)

French: arriver


piquant

piquant (feminine singular piquante, masculine plural piquans, feminine plural piquantes)

piquante (feminine singular)
piquans (masculine plural)
piquantes (feminine plural)

(may be preceded by en, invariable) gerund of piquer


entrer

entrer (infinitive)
estre + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
entrant (gerund participle present)

French: entrer

→ Danish: entrere

From Old French entrer, from Latin intrāre, present active infinitive of intrō.

Lancelot qui fut entré en la forest chevaucha tout le iour sans boire & sans menger

1488, Jean Dupré, Lancelot du Lac, page 71:

Lancelot, who entered in to the forest, rode the entire day without drinking or eating


chanter

chanter (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
chantant (gerund participle present)

French: chanter


retourner

retourner (infinitive)
estre + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
retournant (gerund participle present)


descendre

French: descendre

to dismount (get down from a horse, etc.)


aller

aller (infinitive)
estre + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
allant (gerund participle present)

desctree

French: aller, vader (Acadia, Louisiana)
Haitian Creole: ale


venir

French: venir
Haitian Creole: vin, vini
→ English: venue


monter

monter (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
montant (gerund participle present)


obtenir

English: obtain

French: obtenir


transporter

transporter (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
transportant (gerund participle present)

French: transporter


voy

first-person singular present indicative of veoir


battre

French: battre

(reflexive, se battre) to fight; to engage in combat


persuader

persuader (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
persuadant (gerund participle present)

French: persuader


blesser

blesser (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
blessant (gerund participle present)


nettoyer

nettoyer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
nettoyant (gerund participle present)

French: nettoyer


sommes

French: sommes

first-person plural present indicative of estre


entendre

French: entendre


valoir

French: valoir

From Latin valēre, present active infinitive of valeō.

(of a person) to have merit; to be have positive qualities


essayer

essayer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
essayant (gerund participle present)

+obj

(catenative) to try, to attempt [with de (+ infinitive) ‘to do something’]


ouvrir

French: ouvrir


fait

frm-past participle

fait m (feminine singular faite, masculine plural fais, feminine plural faites)

faite (feminine singular)
fais (masculine plural)
faites (feminine plural)

past participle of faire; alternative form of faict


servir

→ English: serve

French: servir

German: servieren

Norwegian Bokmål: servere

From Old French servir, from Latin servīre.


rire

French: rire


employer

employer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
employant (gerund participle present)

French: employer


proteger

proteger (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
protegeant (gerund participle present)

French: protéger


produire

French: produire

Borrowed from Latin prōdūcere, present active infinitive of prōdūcō, with conjugation based on verbs like conduire.


toucher

toucher (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
touchant (gerund participle present)

desctree

French: toucher
→ Dutch: toucheren
→ German: touchieren

→ German: tuschen


fluir

fluir (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
fluissant (gerund participle present)

From Old French. Borrowed from Latin fluō. Doublet of fluer.


garder

garder (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
gardant (gerund participle present)

French: garder


correspondre

From Medieval Latin correspondēre, present active infinitive of correspondeō.

to correspond (of two or more people, to mutually respond to one another)


preter

preter (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
pretant (gerund participle present)


laisser

laisser (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
laissant (gerund participle present)

French: laisser
→ Breton: lezel

From Old French lesser, lessier, laissier (“to let, let go, leave”), from Latin laxō, laxāre (“to relax, loosen”); partly from or influenced by Old High German lāzan (“to let, let go, leave”) (German lassen), from Proto-West Germanic *lātan (“to let, leave, leave alone”).

der

[ie] vous prie que vous me laissiez ceste bataille

1488, Jean Dupré, Lancelot du Lac, page 74:

I beg of you to let me go into this battle alone


furent

third-person plural past historic of estre


finer

finer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
finant (gerund participle present)

French: finir


prins

head

prins m (feminine prinse, masculine plural prins, feminine plural prinses)

prinse (feminine)
prins (masculine plural)
prinses (feminine plural)


faillir

desctree

French: faillir
→ German: fallieren
→ Swedish: fallera

From Old French falir, from Vulgar Latin *fallīre, from Latin fallere, present active infinitive of fallō.

quant les lances leur failloient, ils se prendoient aux haches

when their lances failed them, they took up their axes

Ou, s’il leur plait, ils se servent encore de cet empirement, et en font leurs affaires par cet autre moyen qui ne leur peut jamais faillir

1595, Michel de Montaigne, Essais, book II, chapter 37:

Or, if they preferred, they still made use of this deterioration, and did their affairs by this other means which could never fail them


rompre

French: rompre


a

third-person singular present indicative of avoir


travailler

travailler (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
travaillant (gerund participle present)

French: travailler
Haitian Creole: travay
→ Danish: travaillere


peser

peser (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
pesant (gerund participle present)

French: peser

→ Farefare: peese

(transitive) to weigh (ascertain the weight of)

(intransitive) to weigh (have a given weight)


ouvert

French: ouvert (see there for further descendants)


tirer

tirer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
tirant (gerund participle present)

French: tirer
Haitian Creole: tire
Louisiana Creole: tiré


labourer

French: labourer

Et si labourent draps d'or et de soie et de toutes façons trés beaux.

15th century, Rustichello da Pisa (original author), Mazarine Master (scribe), The Travels of Marco Polo, page 15, lines 5–6:

And they manufacture cloths of gold and of silk which are in all ways very beautiful.

to manufacture; to make (in a work context)


recorder

recorder (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
recordant (gerund participle present)

French: recorder

recorder une histoire

to record; to register; to make a record (of)


charger

charger (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
chargeant (gerund participle present)

French: charger


nager

French: nager

Norman:

Guernsey Norman: nâgier

Jersey Norman: nagir

to navigate (waters); to sail; to travel by watercraft


perdre

French: perdre


louer

louer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
louant (gerund participle present)

French: louer

From Old French loer, lauder, from Latin laudō, laudāre.


abandonner

abandonner (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
abandonnant (gerund participle present)

French: abandonner

→ Norwegian Bokmål: abandonere


secourir

French: secourir

From an alteration of Old French sucurre, secorre (based on courir), from Latin succurrere, present active infinitive of succurrō.


fixer

head

fixer m (feminine singular fixere, masculine plural fixers, feminine plural fixeres)

fixere (feminine singular)
fixers (masculine plural)
fixeres (feminine plural)
fixer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
fixant (gerund participle present)

French: fixer


coucher

coucher (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
couchant (gerund participle present)

French: coucher


vivant

vivant (feminine singular vivante, masculine plural vivans, feminine plural vivantes)

vivante (feminine singular)
vivans (masculine plural)
vivantes (feminine plural)

(may be preceded by en, invariable) gerund of vivre


faisant

faisant (feminine singular faisante, masculine plural faisans, feminine plural faisantes)

faisante (feminine singular)
faisans (masculine plural)
faisantes (feminine plural)

(may be preceded by en, invariable) gerund of faire


preparer

preparer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
preparant (gerund participle present)

→ English: prepare

French: préparer

From Old French, borrowed from Classical Latin praeparāre (“make ready in advance”), from prae- (“pre-”) + parāre (“make ready”).

bor

Je me prepare d'aller secourir Fescamp contre les efforts que Villars continue d'y faire


mur

French: mur

From Old French mur, from Latin mūrus, from Old Latin *moerus, *moiros, from Proto-Italic *moiros, from Proto-Indo-European *mey- (“to strengthen”).


seoir

From Old French seoir, from earlier sedeir, from Latin sedēre, present active infinitive of sedeō.

Vous devés savoir que assés près de la ou ils estoient, siet la ville de Iuberot

You should know that quite close to there where they were, is the city of Juberot

(reflexive, se seoir) to sit down (be sitting)


mouvoir

French: mouvoir


viser

viser (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
visant (gerund participle present)

French: viser

From Old French viser, from Vulgar Latin *visāre, from Latin visere, present active infinitive of visō, intensive of videō.


celer

celer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
celant (gerund participle present)

French: celer


cacher

cacher (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
cachant (gerund participle present)

French: cacher


plier

plier (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
pliant (gerund participle present)

French: plier

Modified from Old French pleier, ploiier under the influence of the stressed stem pli-.


punir

French: punir

From Old French punir, from Latin pūnīre, present infinitive of pūniō.


assister

assister (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
assistant (gerund participle present)

Et davantage, il y a une difference entre assister aux prieres, & de participer à icelles

1568, Les actes de la conference tenue a Paris ... 1566 entre deux Docteurs de Sorbonne et deux ministres de Calvin page 556

And moreover, there is a difference between being present at prayers, and participating in them


frapper

frapper (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
frappant (gerund participle present)

French: frapper


penser

penser (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
pensant (gerund participle present)

From Old French penser, from Latin pensāre.


resister

resister (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
resistant (gerund participle present)

Late Old French (circa 1327). Borrowed from Latin resistere, present active infinitive of resistō.


tromper

tromper (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
trompant (gerund participle present)

French: tromper

From Old French tromper (“to tramp, trump, delude”, literally “to play on the trumpet”), from trompe (“trump, trumpet”), from Frankish *trumpa (“trump, trumpet”), from a common Germanic word akin to Old High German trumba, trumpa (“trump, trumpet”), ultimately imitative.

onomatopoeic

imitative


compter

compter (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
comptant (gerund participle present)

French: compter, conter (separate verbs in modern French)

From Old French conter, respelled to reflect Latin computō, computāre.


oster

oster (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
ostant (gerund participle present)

French: ôter


noter

noter (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
notant (gerund participle present)

French: noter


choisir

choisir (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
choisissant (gerund participle present)

From Old French choisir, coisir (“to differentiate, see distinctly”), Frankish *kauʀijan (“to choose”) or Gothic 𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌽 (kausjan), both from Proto-Germanic *kauzijaną (“to choose, taste, test”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵews- (“to choose, taste”).


tourner

tourner (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
tournant (gerund participle present)

French: tourner

(tourner a) to turn into; to change into


impugner

impugner (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
impugnant (gerund participle present)

English: impugn


vestir

French: vêtir

From Old French vestir, from Latin vestīre, present active infinitive of vestiō.


voyant

head

voyant (feminine singular voyante, masculine plural voyans, feminine plural voyantes)

voyante (feminine singular)
voyans (masculine plural)
voyantes (feminine plural)

(may be preceded by en, invariable) gerund of veoir


tremper

tremper (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
trempant (gerund participle present)

French: tremper


apprendre

French: apprendre


flotter

flotter (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
flottant (gerund participle present)

French: flotter


fust

third-person singular past historic of estre


revenir

French: revenir


fomenter

fomenter (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
fomentant (gerund participle present)

to foment (incite trouble, rebellion, etc.)


obliger

obliger (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
obligeant (gerund participle present)

French: obliger

From Old French obligier, from Latin obligāre, present active infinitive of obligō.


visiter

visiter (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
visitant (gerund participle present)

French: visiter
→ Romanian: vizita

→ Norman: vîsiter

→ Middle Dutch: visiteren

Dutch: visiteren

→ Middle English: visiten

English: visit

Learned borrowing from Latin vīsitō (“to visit”). Replaced the inherited form seen in Old French visder.


disant

head

disant (feminine singular disante, masculine plural disans, feminine plural disantes)

disante (feminine singular)
disans (masculine plural)
disantes (feminine plural)


censer

censer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
censant (gerund participle present)

French: censé


marier

marier (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
mariant (gerund participle present)

French: marier


nommer

nommer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
nommant (gerund participle present)

French: nommer


diviner

diviner (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
divinant (gerund participle present)


conseiller

conseiller (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
conseillant (gerund participle present)


cesser

cesser (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
cessant (gerund participle present)


presenter

presenter (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
presentant (gerund participle present)

French: présenter

(reflexive, se presenter) to present oneself


respirer

respirer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
respirant (gerund participle present)

French: respirer


couchant

couchant (feminine singular couchante, masculine plural couchans, feminine plural couchantes)

couchante (feminine singular)
couchans (masculine plural)
couchantes (feminine plural)

(may be preceded by en, invariable) gerund of coucher


habiter

habiter (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
habitant (gerund participle present)

French: habiter

Borrowed from Latin habitāre, present active infinitive of habitō.


songer

songer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
songeant (gerund participle present)

French: songer


devourer

devourer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
devourant (gerund participle present)


preceder

preceder (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
precedant (gerund participle present)

French: précéder

First known attestation 1353, borrowed from Latin praecedō. Precedent is attested earlier.

to precede; to go before; to come before


departir

From Old French departir, from Late Latin departīre, present active infinitive of departiō, from Latin de + partiō. Or from de- + partir.


clore

French: clore

(transitive) to enclose (surround something with something)


dictes

French: dites

second-person plural present indicative of dire


estimé

frm-past participle

estimé m (feminine singular estimée, masculine plural estiméz, feminine plural estimées)

estimée (feminine singular)
estiméz (masculine plural)
estimées (feminine plural)

French: estimé
→ Romanian: estimat

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.


ronfler

ronfler (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
ronflant (gerund participle present)

French: ronfler

[I]lz en sentissent rien tant ilz ronfloient & dormoient parfondement.

They didn't feel anything, for they were snoring and sleeping so deeply


occuper

occuper (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
occupant (gerund participle present)

to occupy (to retain or to remain in a place)


fiancer

fiancer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
fiançant (gerund participle present)

French: fiancer

fiancerent tous que se Lancelot venoit ilz n yroient mie avec lui

1488, Jean Dupré, Lancelot du Lac, page 52:

they all promised that if Lancelot came they wouldn't go with him


gangler

gangler (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
ganglant (gerund participle present)

Si en parloient et gangloient tout chevauchant ensemble

They spoke about it and told each other anecdotes while on horseback together


prier

prier (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
priant (gerund participle present)

French: prier

From Old French proiier, from Latin precari, present active infinitive of precor.


grossir

French: grossir

Since Old French, from gros (“thick”) + -ir.


relire

French: relire


hacher

hacher (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
hachant (gerund participle present)

French: hacher
→ English: hash

desctree

→ Dutch: arceren, harceren (archaic)
→ Indonesian: arsir

From Old French hacher, hachier, from Frankish *hakkōn, from Proto-Germanic *hakkōną (“to chop; hack”).


pocher

pocher (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
pochant (gerund participle present)


amer

amer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
amant (gerund participle present)


retirer

retirer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
retirant (gerund participle present)

French: retirer

→ English: retire

From Old French retirer, from re- + tirer.

Icy faisons trop long arrest,
Retirons vers nostre maison

1540, L'établissement de la fête de la conception Notre-Dame dite la fête aux Normands:

We've stayed here too long
Let's go home

to go; to travel (chiefly to a place where one has already been)


retenir

English: retain

French: retenir

ceulx qui venoient en la dance estoient retenus

1488, Jean Dupré, Lancelot du Lac, page 67:

those who came into the dance where retained


inviter

inviter (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
invitant (gerund participle present)

desctree

French: inviter
→ Dutch: inviteren
→ Luxembourgish: invitéieren
→ Romanian: invita
→ Swedish: invit

→ English: invite

→ Scots: inveet


enterrer

enterrer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
enterrant (gerund participle present)

French: enterrer

From Old French enterrer, from Vulgar Latin *interrāre, present active infinitive of *interrō (“to put into earth”).


asseoir

French: asseoir

Lors qu'il feust deschainé, l'on le fist asseoir

When he was unchained, they made him sit down

(sometimes reflexive, s'asseoir/se asseoir) to sit down (take a seat)

(transitive) to sit (make someone sit down)


guider

guider (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
guidant (gerund participle present)

Modification of Old French guier based on the noun guide, borrowed from Old Occitan guida. See above.


nourrir

French: nourrir


guarder

guarder (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
guardant (gerund participle present)

Alternative form of garder (“to protect; to guard”)


permettre

French: permettre

Borrowed from Latin permittō, permittere.


effectuer

effectuer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
effectuant (gerund participle present)


combiner

combiner (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
combinant (gerund participle present)

to combine (to mix; to put things together)


blasphemer

blasphemer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
blasphemant (gerund participle present)

French: blasphémer


baptizer

baptizer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
baptizant (gerund participle present)


surprendre

English: surprise (from past participle)

French: surprendre

From Old French sorprendre, sousprendre.

Ne voyez vous comme il a traité ceux du chasteau qu'il a surprins ?

1560, Jean Longis, Robert le Mangnier, Le Premier livre d'Amadis de Gaule, page CCXXVII:

Don't you see how he treat those from the castle he seized?


edifier

edifier (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
edifiant (gerund participle present)


pryer

pryer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
pryant (gerund participle present)

French: prier


fortifier

fortifier (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
fortifiant (gerund participle present)

→ English: fortify

French: fortifier

Borrowed from Late Latin fortifico, fortificare.


participer

participer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
participant (gerund participle present)

French: participer

Borrowed from Latin participāre, present active infinitive of participō.


uriner

uriner (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
urinant (gerund participle present)


sembler

sembler (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
semblant (gerund participle present)

French: sembler
Haitian Creole: sanble
Louisiana Creole: semble


predire

French: prédire

Borrowed from Latin praedīcere, present active infinitive of praedīcō.


instruire

From Old French, from Latin īnstruō, īnstruere.


amender

French: amender

to fine (impose a financial penalty upon)


entreprendre

Quand les Geantz entreprindrent guerre contre les Dieux

When the Giants took up war against the Gods

Il vous siera bien, leur dit-il, de vouloir entreprendre de juger de la teste de celuy, par le moyen duquel vous avez l'authorité de juger de tout le monde.


sceller

sceller (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
scellant (gerund participle present)

French: sceller


plaider

plaider (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
plaidant (gerund participle present)

French: plaider


doubter

doubter (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
doubtant (gerund participle present)

French: douter

From Old French douter, with the b added back to reflect the Latin etymology.

ils avoient tort se ils s'en doubtoient

(reflexive, se doubter de or s'en doubter) to doubt (something)


regretter

regretter (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
regrettant (gerund participle present)

From Old French regreter (“to lament”), from re- (“intensive prefix”) + greter (“to weep”), from Frankish *grātan (“to weep, mourn, lament”), from Proto-Germanic *grētaną (“to weep”) and Frankish *greotan (“to cry, weep”), from Proto-Germanic *greutaną (“to weep, cry”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrew- (“to weep, be sad”).


requerir

La justice requeroit que les Romains eussent raison de ce forfaict ; la difficulté en empéchoit les voyes ordinaires


bienfait

frm-past participle

bienfait m (feminine singular bienfaite, masculine plural bienfais, feminine plural bienfaites)

bienfaite (feminine singular)
bienfais (masculine plural)
bienfaites (feminine plural)

Past participle of bienfaire, modeled on Latin benefactus.


tramper

tramper (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
trampant (gerund participle present)


resider

resider (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
residant (gerund participle present)


transmettre

French: transmettre

Borrowed from Latin trānsmittō, trānsmittere (“I transmit”). Cf. also Old French trametre.


emprunter

emprunter (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
empruntant (gerund participle present)

French: emprunter


estimer

estimer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
estimant (gerund participle present)

desctree

French: estimer, æstimer (obsolete)
→ Norwegian Bokmål: estimere

→ English: esteem

Etymology tree
Old Latin aestumō
Latin aestimōlbor.
Old French estimer
Middle French estimerInherited from Old French estimer, borrowed from Latin aestimō, from Old Latin aestumō. Replaced inherited Old French esmer.

etymon

to think; to consider; to have the opinion (that)


y avoir

French: y avoir

Old French i avoir, from Latin hīc (“here”) and habēre (“to have”).

Il y a ung chevalier en ceste forest le plus grant et le plus merveilleux que vos veissiez oncques.

1488, Jean Dupré, Lancelot du Lac, page 77:

There is a knight in this forest, the greatest and most marvellous that you will ever see.


rincer

rincer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
rinçant (gerund participle present)

French: rincer

& que le calice qu'on leur donnoit à boire, n'est que pour leur rincer la bouche

1581, Nicolas Froumenteau, Cabinet du Roy de France, dans lequel il y a trois perles préciouses d'inestimable valeur, page 112:

The chalice they were given to drink was only for them to rinse their mouths


exposer

exposer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
exposant (gerund participle present)

English: expose

French: exposer

Borrowed from Latin expōnō, expōnere, contaminated by and conjugated like poser. Cf. Old French espondre, which was inherited.


verifier

verifier (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
verifiant (gerund participle present)


repentir

French: repentir


veiller

veiller (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
veillant (gerund participle present)

French: veiller

From Old French veillier, from Latin vigilo, vigilare.


rotter

rotter (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
rottant (gerund participle present)

French: roter


achever

achever (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
achevant (gerund participle present)

French: achever

From Old French achever, from Vulgar Latin *accapāre.


loger

loger (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
logeant (gerund participle present)


solliciter

solliciter (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
sollicitant (gerund participle present)

→ English: solicit

French: solliciter

First known attestation 1332, borrowed from Latin sollicitō.


vendra

French: viendra


houer

houer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
houant (gerund participle present)


supposer

supposer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
supposant (gerund participle present)

From Old French supposer, borrowed from Latin suppōnō, suppōnere, altered based on poser.


advancer

advancer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
advançant (gerund participle present)

desctree

French: avancer
Saint Dominican Creole French: vancé
→ Danish: avancere
→ German: avancieren
→ Norwegian Bokmål: avansere
→ Romanian: avansa
Yiddish: אַװאַנסירן (avansirn)

From Old French avancier, with the -d- added to reflect the Latin prefix ad- (which was an erroneous hypercorrection as the etymon for this term, ab ante, did not contain a -d-).


intoxiquer

intoxiquer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
intoxiquant (gerund participle present)

First attested with this spelling in 1497, from Latin *intoxicō.


baptiser

baptiser (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
baptisant (gerund participle present)

French: baptiser
→ Franco-Provençal: baptisiér


alterer

alterer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
alterant (gerund participle present)


galoper

galoper (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
galopant (gerund participle present)


getter

getter (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
gettant (gerund participle present)

Specifically from Old French geter, the northern variant of jeter (“to throw”)


satisfaire

Partial calque of Latin satisfacere, applying the conjugation of faire.


recommander

recommander (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
recommandant (gerund participle present)

French: recommander


humilier

humilier (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
humiliant (gerund participle present)

Il s'agenouillerent devant lui et se humilierent

15th century (date of publication), Rustichello da Pisa (original author), Mazarine Master (scribe), The Travels of Marco Polo, page 10, line 4:

(reflexive, s'humilier) to prostrate oneself; to bow


rouiller

rouiller (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
rouillant (gerund participle present)


trancher

trancher (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
tranchant (gerund participle present)

French: trancher


courre

French: courre (verb), courir (noun)

From Old French courre, corre, from Latin currere, present active infinitive of currō.


arrester

arrester (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
arrestant (gerund participle present)

French: arrêter

et la je m'arrestay pour attendre compaignie qui alast ou pays de Berne ou le dit conte se tenoit

And there I stayed to wait for the company that was going to Berne where the aforementioned count was

(reflexive, s'arrester) to stop (stop oneself; halt oneself)


excuser

excuser (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
excusant (gerund participle present)

From Old French escuser, borrowed from Latin excūsō, excūsāre.


baisant

head

baisant (feminine singular baisante, masculine plural baisans, feminine plural baisantes)

baisante (feminine singular)
baisans (masculine plural)
baisantes (feminine plural)

(may be preceded by en, invariable) gerund of baiser


revestir

French: revêtir


esté

French: été


estre

estre (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
estant (gerund participle present)


saluer

saluer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
saluant (gerund participle present)

French: saluer

From Old French saluer, from Latin salūtāre, present active infinitive of salūtō.


considerer

considerer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
considerant (gerund participle present)


faict

frm-past participle

faict m (feminine singular faicte, masculine plural faictz, feminine plural faictes)

faicte (feminine singular)
faictz (masculine plural)
faictes (feminine plural)

Alteration of fait (based on the ultimate Latin etymology), from Old French fet < Latin factum.


faict

French: fait (noun, verb forms)

third-person singular present indicative of faire


picquer

picquer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
picquant (gerund participle present)

French: piquer


riffler

riffler (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
rifflant (gerund participle present)

le plat pays […] fut tout rifflé


entretenir

English: entertain

French: entretenir


expeller

expeller (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
expellant (gerund participle present)

From Old French expeller, borrowed from Latin expellō, expellere.


renfler

renfler (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
renflant (gerund participle present)

(of the lungs) to reinflate; to fill with air


quester

quester (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
questant (gerund participle present)

French: quêter


gouverner

gouverner (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
gouvernant (gerund participle present)

French: gouverner
→ Romanian: guverna


huer

huer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
huant (gerund participle present)


voller

voller (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
vollant (gerund participle present)

French: voler

(figuratively) to travel through the air; to go flying


accomplir

accomplir (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
accomplissant (gerund participle present)

French: accomplir


macter

macter (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
mactant (gerund participle present)


monstrer

monstrer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
monstrant (gerund participle present)

English: muster

French: montrer

From Old French monstrer, from Latin monstrō, monstrāre.


engendrer

engendrer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
engendrant (gerund participle present)

French : engendrer

From Old French engendrer, engenrer, angenrer.


advenir

From Latin advenīre, present active infinitive of adveniō. Cf. also Old French avenir.

Lors commença Lancelot a compter toutes les adventures qui lui estoient advenues

Then Lancelot started to recount all the adventures that had happened to him

là où, quand ils sont beaucoup, ils descrient tous les coups le mestier, d’autant qu’il leur advient de faire plus souvent mal que bien.


renommer

renommer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
renommant (gerund participle present)


emerger

emerger (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
emergeant (gerund participle present)

French: émerger

First known attestation 1476, borrowed from Latin emergō.

to emerge; to come out of; to rise out of


gaster

gaster (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
gastant (gerund participle present)

French: gâter

From Old French, from Latin vastāre, present active infinitive of vastō. The initial g is under the influence of Frankish *wuostjan, *wuastjan, itself from Latin vastō or from the same pre-Latin source.


perser

perser (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
persant (gerund participle present)

French: percer


contribuer

contribuer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
contribuant (gerund participle present)

1340 contrebuer, 1370 contribuer. Borrowed from Latin contribuere, present active infinitive of contribuō, assimilated into the first conjugation group (regular -er suffixed verbs).

[…] selon la proporcion des pecunes qui furent contribuees.

[…] ccording to the proportion of the wealth contributed.


piller

piller (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
pillant (gerund participle present)

French: piller


alimenter

alimenter (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
alimentant (gerund participle present)


deterger

French: déterger


nouer

nouer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
nouant (gerund participle present)

French: nouer


derver

derver (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
dervant (gerund participle present)


empirer

empirer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
empirant (gerund participle present)

Attested in Old French as empirier, equivalent to en- + pire (“worse”) + -er.


baster

baster (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
bastant (gerund participle present)

French: bâter

From Vulgar Latin *bastō (“to carry; serve as a support”).


recouvrer

recouvrer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
recouvrant (gerund participle present)

French: recouvrer

From Old French recovrer, from Latin recuperāre.

to recover (get back into one's possession)


pourchasser

pourchasser (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
pourchassant (gerund participle present)

French: pourchasser


tournoyer

tournoyer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
tournoyant (gerund participle present)

French: tournoyer

to participate in a tourney (medieval tournament); to tourney


dilater

dilater (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
dilatant (gerund participle present)

Attested at least as early as 1314, borrowed from Latin dīlātō.

La ou la mer s'espant et se dilate

In the place where the sea expands and spreads out

(reflexive, se dilater) to spread out; to cover a larger area than before


occire

French: occire

From Old French ocire, from Vulgar Latin *aucidere, from Latin occīdere, present active infinitive of occīdō.


confesser

confesser (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
confessant (gerund participle present)


trembler

trembler (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
tremblant (gerund participle present)

French: trembler


rejecter

rejecter (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
rejectant (gerund participle present)


feut

third-person singular indicative past historic of estre


parfumer

parfumer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
parfumant (gerund participle present)
ayant + past participle (gerund multiword-construction participle present)
parfumé (participle past)
parfume (present singular)
parfumes (present second-person singular)
parfume (present singular third-person)
parfumons (first-person plural present)
parfumez (plural present second-person)
parfument (plural present)
parfumais (imperfect singular)
parfumais (imperfect second-person singular)
parfumait (imperfect singular third-person)
parfumions (first-person imperfect plural)
parfumiez (imperfect plural second-person)
parfumaient (imperfect plural)
parfumai (historic past singular)
parfumas (historic past second-person singular)
parfuma (historic past singular third-person)
parfumâmes (first-person historic past plural)
parfumâtes (historic past plural second-person)
parfumèrent (historic past plural)
parfumerai (future singular)
parfumeras (future second-person singular)
parfumera (future singular third-person)
parfumerons (first-person future plural)
parfumerez (future plural second-person)
parfumeront (future plural)
parfumerais (conditional singular)
parfumerais (conditional second-person singular)
parfumerait (conditional singular third-person)
parfumerions (conditional first-person plural)
parfumeriez (conditional plural second-person)
parfumeraient (conditional plural)
future of avoir + past participle (future multiword-construction perfect)
future of avoir + past participle (first-person future multiword-construction perfect plural second-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future multiword-construction perfect second-person)
future of avoir + past participle (future multiword-construction perfect singular third-person)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional first-person multiword-construction perfect plural second-person)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect second-person)
conditional of avoir + past participle (conditional multiword-construction perfect singular third-person)
parfumions (first-person plural present)
parfumiez (plural present second-person)
parfument (plural present third-person)
parfumasse (imperfect singular)
parfumasses (imperfect second-person singular)
parfumât (imperfect singular third-person)
parfumassions (first-person imperfect plural)
parfumassiez (imperfect plural second-person)
parfumassent (imperfect plural third-person)
parfume (imperative second-person singular)
parfumons (first-person imperative plural)
parfumez (imperative plural second-person)

French: parfumer

Probably borrowed from Old Occitan parfumer or Italian perfumare, from Latin per- + fumāre.


emplir

French: emplir


cauterizer

cauterizer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
cauterizant (gerund participle present)

French: cautériser

Je ne croy pas qu'une ame cauterizée sçeut contrefaire une telle assurance


bobeliner

bobeliner (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
bobelinant (gerund participle present)


cabasser

cabasser (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
cabassant (gerund participle present)


esbahir

French: ébahir


escrire

French: écrire

From Old French escrire, escrivre, from Latin scrībō, scrībere.


veoir

desctree

French: voir
Saint Dominican Creole French: voir
Haitian Creole: wè

From Old French veoir, from Latin videō, vidēre.


renoncer

French: renoncer


gouster

gouster (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
goustant (gerund participle present)

French: goûter

From Old French gouster, goster, from Latin gustō, gustāre. Compare Spanish gustar and Italian gustare.


translater

translater (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
translatant (gerund participle present)

French: translater

From Old French translater, from Latin translatio (“movement”). Cognate with English translate.


issir

French: issir (archaic), issu (past participle, still commonly used)

→ Irish: eisigh

From Old French issir, eissir, from Latin exeō, exīre.


respondre

French: répondre


affamer

affamer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
affamant (gerund participle present)


estes

French: êtes

second-person plural present indicative of estre


demonstrer

demonstrer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
demonstrant (gerund participle present)

From Old French demonstrer, demoustrer, from Latin dēmonstrō, with re-Latinized spelling.


resigner

resigner (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
resignant (gerund participle present)

→ English: resign

French: résigner

(reflexive, se resigner à) to resign oneself to


minorer

minorer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
minorant (gerund participle present)

French: minorer

(transitive) to diminish the importance (of)


desver

desver (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
desvant (gerund participle present)


abayer

abayer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
abayant (gerund participle present)

French: aboyer


ployer

ployer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
ployant (gerund participle present)

French: ployer


deifier

deifier (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
deifiant (gerund participle present)

French: déifier


ordonner

ordonner (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
ordonnant (gerund participle present)

French: ordonner
→ Romanian: ordona

From Old French ordiner, and influenced by donner.


heurter

heurter (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
heurtant (gerund participle present)

si se heurta si durement a une pierre qu'il se fist une grande playe en la teste

1488, Jean Dupré, Lancelot du Lac, page 39:

then he collided with such a force into a stone that he gave himself a large wound on his head

(reflexive, se heurter) to collide (with something)


amadouer

amadouer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
amadouant (gerund participle present)

from Old Norse mata (“to lure, feed”), from Proto-Germanic *matōną, *matjaną (“to feed, eat”), from Proto-Indo-European *meh₂d- (“wet”). Cognate with Icelandic mata (“to bait, allure”), Danish made (“to feed”), Gothic 𐌼𐌰𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽 (matjan, “to eat, have a meal”), Old English mete (“food”). More at meat.

cog

to coax; to sweet-talk (persuade gradually)


surnommer

surnommer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
surnommant (gerund participle present)


ridez

masculine plural of the past participle of rider

second-person plural present indicative of rider

second-person plural imperative of rider


ridé

frm-past participle

ridé m (feminine singular ridee, masculine plural ridez, feminine plural ridees)

ridee (feminine singular)
ridez (masculine plural)
ridees (feminine plural)


corroder

→ Middle Dutch: corroderen

Dutch: corroderen

French: corroder
→ German: korrodieren


prosperer

prosperer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
prosperant (gerund participle present)

Elle fut par moy humblement adorée, et requise que son plaisir fust prosperer ma vision. (L’Arcadie-Trad-Massin, translated by M.Vascosan and G.Corrozet, first published 1544, available on Wikisource)


estinceller

estinceller (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
estincellant (gerund participle present)

French: étinceler


despouiller

despouiller (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
despouillant (gerund participle present)

French: dépouiller

From Old French despoillier, from Latin despoliare.

She went amongst her friends, who had also stripped the prairie of its dignity.

elle se mesla parmi ses compaignes : lesquelles ayant außi despouillé la prarie de sa dignite (L'Arcadie-Trad-Massin, published 1544, Paris)

Lois le fist despoullier tout nu

(reflexive, se despouiller) to undress oneself; to get undressed


escouter

escouter (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
escoutant (gerund participle present)

French: écouter


importuner

importuner (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
importunant (gerund participle present)


toquer

toquer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
toquant (gerund participle present)

Old Northern French toquer, from Vulgar Latin *tucco (“I strike, knock, touch”).


proclamer

proclamer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
proclamant (gerund participle present)

French: proclamer

From Old French proclamer, borrowed from Latin prōclāmō, prōclāmāre.


ouyr

French: ouïr (dated)

[…] et puis se retira quant messieurs de la court se vindrent asseoir pour ouyr messe.

[…] and then left when the gentlemen of the court came to listen to mass.


bastir

French: bâtir

D'iceulx fauldroit bastir les murailles en les arrangeant en bonne symmetrie d'architecture, & mettant les plus grans au premiers rancz, et puis en taluant à doz d'asne arrangeant les moyens & finablement les petitz.

From this, we would have to build the walls with a good symmetrical architecture, putting the biggest ones at the bottom, and then by mounting the back of an ass, the middle-sized one and finally the smallest ones.


mesler

mesler (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
meslant (gerund participle present)

French: mêler

(reflexive, se mesler) to get involved with


constraindre

English: constrain

French: contraindre

From Old French constraindre, constreindre, contraindre, from Latin constringo, constringere.

Dieu m'y a tel-icy, constraindre, par force de prince, se quelques uns qui vous parlent, que la soumectre au joug de leur merite!

1586, Henri IV of France, Lettres Missives:


chastier

French: chastier

From Old French chastier, from Latin castīgō, castīgāre.


estoffer

estoffer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
estoffant (gerund participle present)

French: étoffer


aler

aler (infinitive)
estre + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
alant (gerund participle present)


gesir

French: gésir


gaber

gaber (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
gabant (gerund participle present)


retraindre

French: restreindre, rétraindre (archaic), retraindre (archaic)


saillir

French: saillir

From Old French salir, from Latin salīre, present active infinitive of saliō.

faisant saillir le sang des chairs

1488, Jean Dupré, Lancelot du Lac, page 15:

making the blood fly through the air out of their flesh

(figuratively) to fly through the air, to get knocked into the air


resver

resver (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
resvant (gerund participle present)

French: rêver


haster

haster (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
hastant (gerund participle present)

Ils disent, que le Philosophe Stilpon aggravé de vieillesse, hasta sa fin à escient, par le breuvage de vin pur

1595, Michel de Montaigne, Essais, book II, chapter 2:

they said that the philosopher Stilpon, under the influence of old age, knowingly hurried along the end of his life by drinking pure wine


estoient

third-person plural imperfect indicative of estre


estoit

third-person singular imperfect indicative of estre


desfaire

desfaire (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
desfaisant (gerund participle present)

French: défaire


reguarder

reguarder (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
reguardant (gerund participle present)

→ English: regard

French: regarder


croyre

French: croire


esveiller

esveiller (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
esveillant (gerund participle present)

French: éveiller

(by extension, figuratively) to awaken (make someone aware of something)


garnir

French: garnir (see there for further descendants)

Guy de Trimouille fist tres richemment garnir la nef ou son corps devoit passer

Guy de Trimouille richly decorated the boat where his body should lay


guarnir

Alternative form of garnir (“to decorate, garnish”)


vengier

vengier (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
vengeant (gerund participle present)

French: venger


espier

espier (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
espiant (gerund participle present)


chaloir

French: chaloir

From Old French chaloir, from earlier chaleir, from Latin calēre, present active infinitive of caleō (“to heat”).

(reflexive, se chaloir) to bother, to worry


pleindre

French: plaindre


ardoir

(transitive) Alternative form of ardre (“burn (set on fire)”)


representer

representer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
representant (gerund participle present)

French: représenter

Tel estoit le brevaige contenu dedans la couppe de Tantalus representé par figures entre les saiges Brachmanes.

1552, François Rabelais, Le Tiers Livre:


porsuivre

French: poursuivre


couster

couster (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
coustant (gerund participle present)

French: coûter

(figuratively) to cost (bring about the loss of something)


revertir

(intransitive) to return (go back whence one came)


espouser

espouser (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
espousant (gerund participle present)

French: épouser

From Old French espouser, from Latin spōnsāre, present active infinitive of spōnsō.


cerchier

cerchier (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
cerchant (gerund participle present)


chevauchier

chevauchier (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
chevauchant (gerund participle present)

French: chevaucher

Lancelot qui fut entré en la forest chevaucha tout le iour sans boire & sans menger

1488, Jean Dupré, Lancelot du Lac, page 71:

Lancelot, who entered in to the forest, rode the entire day without drinking or eating

en chevauchant ung moult estroit sentier

1488, Jean Dupré, Lancelot du Lac, page 32:

while navigating a very narrow path on horseback


croistre

French: croître


voiant

head

voiant (feminine singular voiante, masculine plural voians, feminine plural voiantes)

voiante (feminine singular)
voians (masculine plural)
voiantes (feminine plural)

(may be preceded by en, invariable) gerund of veoir


encontrer

encontrer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
encontrant (gerund participle present)

tant chevaucha qu'il encontra ung chevalier

1488, Jean Dupré, Lancelot du Lac, page 38:

when he got on his horse, he met a knight


moustrer

moustrer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
moustrant (gerund participle present)


aymer

aymer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
aymant (gerund participle present)

French: aimer


escrier

escrier (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
escriant (gerund participle present)

French: écrier


soustenir

French: soutenir


desarmer

desarmer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
desarmant (gerund participle present)

se desarmerent

1488, Jean Dupré, Lancelot du Lac, page 4:

they put down their weapons (they disarmed themselves)


tourmenter

tourmenter (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
tourmentant (gerund participle present)


ardre

French: ardre (archaic)


souspirer

souspirer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
souspirant (gerund participle present)

French: soupirer

From Old French souspirer, from Latin suspīrāre, present active infinitive of suspīrō.


espargner

espargner (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
espargnant (gerund participle present)

French: épargner


eslire

French: élire

Beaux seigneurs vous scavez bien que la coustume de ceans est telle que nous devons eslire cellui a nostre escient qui le mieulx a fait au tournoiement.

1488, Jean Dupré, Lancelot du Lac, page 59:

Good sirs, you know very well that our custom is that we have to choose who, to the best of our knowledge, has performed the best in the tournament.


estant

estant (feminine singular estante, masculine plural estans, feminine plural estantes)

estante (feminine singular)
estans (masculine plural)
estantes (feminine plural)

(may be preceded by en, invariable) gerund of estre


paindre

French: peindre


delivrer

delivrer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
delivrant (gerund participle present)

car moult sont fort ioyeux de ce que Dieu les a ainsi delivrez par Lancelot

1488, Jean Dupré, Lancelot du Lac, page 36:

for they were very much joyous that God had allowed them to be saved by Lancelot


superseder

superseder (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
supersedant (gerund participle present)

Sa Majesté le pria de superseder cette resolution, luy promettant de retourner bien tost.

1608, Martin Fumée, Histoire Generalle Des Troubles De Hongrie Et Transilvanie, page 296:

His Majesty implored him to postpone this resolution, promising him to return soon.


soumectre

soumectre (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
soumectant (gerund participle present)

French: soumettre


rere

From Old French rere, from Latin rādere, present active infinitive of rādō.


decevoir

French: décevoir


naistre

French: naître, naitre


esloigner

esloigner (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
esloignant (gerund participle present)

French: éloigner

(reflexive, s'esloignier) to move away from


sçavoir

sçavoir (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
sçavant (gerund participle present)

From Old French savoir, with the inserted ⟨ç⟩ based on an incorrect assumption that the word derives from Latin scīre.


resumer

resumer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
resumant (gerund participle present)

to resume (to continue with a task (etc.) one had stopped)


prester

prester (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
prestant (gerund participle present)

French: prêter

From Old French prester. Cognate with Norman prêter and borrowed Middle English prest (whence English prest).


vaquer

vaquer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
vaquant (gerund participle present)

(intransitive) (of an object) to be empty

(intransitive) (of a charge, an office) to lack a holder, to be temporarily vacant

(intransitive) (of a person, group of people) to be idle, to stop or suspend a regular activity, be in a state of rest

(intransitive) (of a parliament, court of justice) to be in recess

(transitive) to occupy one's time with something/someone, to consecrate one's time to


esmouvoir

French: émouvoir

→ Middle English: esmove

Mais ceux qui parleront d'essayer à esmouvoir le Pape à penser et pourveoir à l'accroissement de la puissance espagnole en Italie cognoissent tres mal son humeur.

But those who are talking of trying to move to Pope into thinking and into foreseeing the increase of the Spanish power in Italy do not know his disposition at all.


esgarer

esgarer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
esgarant (gerund participle present)

French: égarer

(reflexive, s'esgarer) to get lost (become lost)


deslacer

deslacer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
delaçant (gerund participle present)

French: délacer

to unlace (unfasten something that is laced)


guerpir

guerpir (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
guerpissant (gerund participle present)


ferir

French: férir

From Old French ferir, from Latin ferīre, present active infinitive of feriō.


escrit

French: écrit

From Old French escrit, from Latin scriptus.

third-person singular present indicative of escrire


oferir

French: offrir


enquerre

From Latin inquīrere, present active infinitive of inquīrō.


estonner

estonner (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
estonnant (gerund participle present)

French: étonner


desmonter

desmonter (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
desmontant (gerund participle present)

J'entends que les Valachi, courriers du grand Seigneur, font des extremes diligences, d'autant qu'ils ont loy de desmonter le premier passant qu'ils trouvent en leur chemin, en luy donnant leur cheval recreu; et que, pour se garder de lasser, ils se serrent à travers le corps bien estroitement d'une bande large.

1595, Michel de Montaigne, Essais, Livre Second:

et pour ce qu’il m’a escript que le canon qu’il a en Dauphiné est tout desmonté, et supplie de le faire secourir de celuy du magasin de Lyon


combatre

French: combatre


desmettre

desmettre (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
desmettant (gerund participle present)

qualifier

English: dismiss (borrowed, from the past participle desmis)

French: démettre

From Old French *desmetre, from Latin dēmittō (“send or bring down, let fall”).

der

[…] pour lesquelles auctoriser et seconder, la vraye vertu a beaucoup à se desmettre de sa vigueur originelle.

(reflexive, se desmettre) to lower oneself, to stoop


inquieter

inquieter (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
inquietant (gerund participle present)

French: inquiéter

(reflexive, s'inquieter) to worry (oneself)


destruire

French: détruire

From Old French destruire, from Vulgar Latin *destrugere, present active infinitive of *destrugō, from Classical Latin dēstruō, from dē- (“un-, de-”) + struō (“I build”).


brusler

brusler (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
bruslant (gerund participle present)

French: brûler

From Old French brusler, probably from a crossing of bruir (“to burn”), of Germanic origin, and usler, from Latin ustulare.


disner

disner (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
disnant (gerund participle present)

French: dîner

[…] et dormit jusques au lendemain heure de disner


povez

second-person plural present indicative of povoir


pourpenser

pourpenser (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
pourpensant (gerund participle present)


preferer

preferer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
preferant (gerund participle present)

French: preferer

→ Dutch: prefereren

Il faut tousiours preferer le spirituel au temporel

1566, N. Chesneau, Les Sermons et instructions chrestiennes, page 251:

One should always prefer the spiritual over the temporal


reserver

reserver (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
reservant (gerund participle present)


murdrir

French: meurtrir


mortifier

mortifier (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
mortifiant (gerund participle present)

→ English: mortify

French: mortifier

mortifier en nous toute sensualité

1586, Henry Suso, Oeuvres spirituelles, page 21:

(chiefly figuratively) to kill; to render dead

to mortify (discipline (one's body, appetites etc.) by suppressing desires; to practise abstinence on)


desplaire

French: déplaire

Old French desplaire and its variant spellings.


possesser

possesser (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
possessant (gerund participle present)

Old French possessier, from Latin possessum, the supine of possideō.


voys

third-person singular present indicative of veoyr


guardant

head

guardant (feminine singular guardante, masculine plural guardans, feminine plural guardantes)

guardante (feminine singular)
guardans (masculine plural)
guardantes (feminine plural)

(may be preceded by en, invariable) gerund of guarder


appeller

appeller (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
appellant (gerund participle present)

French: appeler

From Old French apeler, with the P and L added back to reflect the original Latin appellō.


doubte

Old French doute, etymologically reconstructed to resemble dubitō.

first-person singular present indicative of doubter

third-person singular present indicative of doubter

first-person singular present subjunctive of doubter

third-person singular present subjunctive of doubter

second-person singular imperative of doubter


prinse

feminine singular of the past participle of prendre


estendre

French: étendre

From Old French estendre, from Latin extendō, extendere.


celebrer

celebrer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
celebrant (gerund participle present)

French: célébrer


moderer

moderer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
moderant (gerund participle present)


exstirper

exstirper (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
exstirpant (gerund participle present)


abiurer

abiurer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
abiurant (gerund participle present)

English: abjure

> French: abjurer (inherited)

From Old French abjurer (“to reject or renounce (something) on oath”), borrowed from Latin abiūrāre, the present active infinitive of abiūrō (“to deny on oath, recant, renounce, repudiate, abjure”).

inh

N'est-il bien la saison d'abiurer l'heresie qui iusqu'à maintenant vous a l'ame saisi?

1573, Jean Le Masle, Brief Discours Sur Les Troubles qui depuis douze ans ont continuellement agité & tourmenté le Royaume de France:

Isn't it time to abjure the heresy which has until now seized your soul?


iurer

iurer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
iurant (gerund participle present)

French: jurer


negotier

negotier (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
negotiant (gerund participle present)

French: négocier


operer

operer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
operant (gerund participle present)

Borrowed from Latin operor. Compare the inherited ouvrer.


costoier

French: côtoyer


praeparer

praeparer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
praeparant (gerund participle present)

French: préparer


courroucer

courroucer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
courrouçant (gerund participle present)

French: courroucer


separer

separer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
separant (gerund participle present)

French: séparer


escrivant

head

escrivant (feminine singular escrivante, masculine plural escrivans, feminine plural escrivantes)

escrivante (feminine singular)
escrivans (masculine plural)
escrivantes (feminine plural)

En escrivant ceste parolle

1461, François Villon, Le Grand Testament:

(may be preceded by en, invariable) gerund of escrire


praesenter

praesenter (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
praesentant (gerund participle present)


repraesenter

repraesenter (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
repraesentant (gerund participle present)


racompter

racompter (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
racomptant (gerund participle present)

French: raconter

From Old French reconter, the mp being added back to reflect Latin computō.


dict

third-person singular present indicative of dire


suffocquer

suffocquer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
suffocquant (gerund participle present)

French: suffoquer


recepvoir

French: recevoir

From Old French recevoir, with the p added back to reflect the original Latin recipio.


sceu

frm-past participle

sceu m (feminine singular sceue, masculine plural sceuz, feminine plural sceues)

sceue (feminine singular)
sceuz (masculine plural)
sceues (feminine plural)

French: su


allaicter

allaicter (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
allaictant (gerund participle present)

French: allaiter


sçavant

head

sçavant (feminine singular sçavante, masculine plural sçavans, feminine plural sçavantes)

sçavante (feminine singular)
sçavans (masculine plural)
sçavantes (feminine plural)

(may be preceded by en, invariable) gerund of sçavoir


deliberer

deliberer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
deliberant (gerund participle present)


lescher

lescher (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
leschant (gerund participle present)

French: lécher


fascher

fascher (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
faschant (gerund participle present)

French: fâcher

Cela me fasche


deslyer

deslyer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
deslyant (gerund participle present)

French: délier

[…] et commanda qu'il fut deslyé desdictes chaisnes

[…] and ordered that he be untied from his chains


soucyer

soucyer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
soucyant (gerund participle present)

French: soucier

From Old French, from Latin sollicitāre, present active infinitive of sollicitō.

tous les officiers de sa court estoyent tant occupés au service du festin que l'on ne se soucyoit du pauvre Pantagruel

the officers of his court were so busyt taking care of the banquet that they forgot about poor Pantagruel


deschainer

deschainer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
deschainant (gerund participle present)

Lors qu'il feust deschainé, l'on le fist asseoir

When he was unchained, they made him sit down


lyer

lyer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
lyant (gerund participle present)

French: lier

mais, par autant qu'il avoit les bras lyez dedans, il ne povoit rien prendre à manger

but at the same time, he had his hands tied up; he couldn't pick up anything to eat it


detester

detester (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
detestant (gerund participle present)

→ English: detest

French: détester


proffiter

proffiter (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
proffitant (gerund participle present)

French: profiter


estudier

estudier (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
estudiant (gerund participle present)

French: étudier

→ Irish: staidéar


resiouyr

French: réjouir

[…] et la faire sonner par toutes les rues en la portant en sa main ; dont tout le monde se resjouyst fort

[…] and to make it ring in all the streets by carrying it in his hand; everyone rejoiced gaily


ensuyvre

French: ensuivre

to follow (be after something, with respect to time or position)


eviter

eviter (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
evitant (gerund participle present)


ayde

French: aide

first-person singular present indicative of ayder

third-person singular present indicative of ayder

first-person singular present subjunctive of ayder

third-person singular present subjunctive of ayder

second-person singular imperative of ayder


ayder

ayder (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
aydant (gerund participle present)

French: aider

desctree

→ Middle English: aiden, eiden
English: aid
Scots: aid

From Old French aidier, from Latin adiutāre, present active infinitive of adiūtō (“help, assist”).


iecter

iecter (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
iectant (gerund participle present)

French: jeter

From Old French jeter, with the c added back to reflect the original Latin iaceo.


desprendre

French: déprendre

des- + prendre. Although there is an isolated attestation of despris in 1170, the first usage of the infinitive desprendre is in 1403.

(transitive) to detach (something from someone)


congnoistre

French: connaître

From Old French conoistre, with the g added back to reflect the original Latin cognosco.


eschapper

eschapper (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
eschappant (gerund participle present)

French: échapper

(reflexive or intransitive) to escape; to evade

(transitive, with direct object) to escape


declairer

declairer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
declairant (gerund participle present)


recuperer

recuperer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
recuperant (gerund participle present)

Borrowed from Latin recuperō. Compare the inherited recouvrer.


couppé

French: coupé


coupper

French: couper


jecter

jecter (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
jectant (gerund participle present)


reiecter

reiecter (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
reiectant (gerund participle present)

French: rejeter

From Old French regeter, with the i and the c added back to reflect the original Latin rēiciō (“I throw, I reject”).


pourmener

pourmener (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
pourmenant (gerund participle present)

French: promener

(reflexive, se pourmener) to walk (especially for pleasure)


consyderer

consyderer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
consyderant (gerund participle present)

→ English: consider

French: considérer

From Old French considerer, from Latin cōnsīderāre, present active infinitive of cōnsīderō (“I examine, look at, inspect; I consider; I investigate”).


eschauffer

eschauffer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
eschauffant (gerund participle present)

French: échauffer


bayser

bayser (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
baysant (gerund participle present)

French: baiser

Old French baisier, from Latin basio (“to kiss”)


tabuster

tabuster (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
tabustant (gerund participle present)

Related to tapage, taper (“to hit, strike, slap”).


bancqueter

bancqueter (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
bancquetant (gerund participle present)

English: to banquet

French: banquet

to banquet (participate in a large meal)


ouy

French: ouï


gaigner

gaigner (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
gaignant (gerund participle present)

French: gagner

Mais voulez vous venir gaigner les pardons? dist il.

But do you want to come and win the pardons? Said he


cuyder

cuyder (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
cuydant (gerund participle present)


pourmenant

head

pourmenant (feminine singular pourmenante, masculine plural pourmenans, feminine plural pourmenantes)

pourmenante (feminine singular)
pourmenans (masculine plural)
pourmenantes (feminine plural)

(may be preceded by en, invariable) gerund of pourmener


ouyant

ouyant (feminine singular ouyante, masculine plural ouyans, feminine plural ouyantes)

ouyante (feminine singular)
ouyans (masculine plural)
ouyantes (feminine plural)

(may be preceded by en, invariable) gerund of ouyr


explicquer

explicquer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
explicquant (gerund participle present)

French: expliquer


paslir

French: pâlir

(intransitive, chiefly of a person) to become pale


ostant

ostant (feminine singular ostante, masculine plural ostans, feminine plural ostantes)

ostante (feminine singular)
ostans (masculine plural)
ostantes (feminine plural)

(may be preceded by en, invariable) gerund of oster


escryer

escryer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
escryant (gerund participle present)

French: écrier


escript

escript (feminine singular escripte, masculine plural escriptz, feminine plural escriptes)

escripte (feminine singular)
escriptz (masculine plural)
escriptes (feminine plural)

Old French escrit, with the p added back to reflect the Latin scriptus


fuyr

French: fuir


roustir

French: rôtir


eriger

eriger (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
erigeant (gerund participle present)

French: ériger

to erect; to put up (especially a monument)


iectant

iectant (feminine singular iectante, masculine plural iectans, feminine plural iectantes)

iectante (feminine singular)
iectans (masculine plural)
iectantes (feminine plural)

(may be preceded by en, invariable) gerund of iecter


saulter

saulter (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
saultant (gerund participle present)

French: sauter

Cent diables me saultent au corps

to jump (move oneself into the air, leaving contact with the ground)


asseurer

asseurer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
asseurant (gerund participle present)

desctree

French: assurer
→ Danish: assurere
→ Romanian: asigura (partial calque)

Et asseuroit devant tous que les diables estoient bons compaignons.

And [he] assured everyone present that devils were good companions


guerir

French: guérir

Inherited from Old French guarir, from Frankish *warōn.


menasser

menasser (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
menassant (gerund participle present)


beuvant

head

beuvant (feminine singular beuvante, masculine plural beuvans, feminine plural beuvantes)

beuvante (feminine singular)
beuvans (masculine plural)
beuvantes (feminine plural)

(may be preceded by en, invariable) gerund of boire


cuyre

French: cuire
→ Esperanto: kuiri


baisler

baisler (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
baislant (gerund participle present)

French: bâiller


esternuer

esternuer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
esternuant (gerund participle present)

French: éternuer

From Old French esternuer, esternuder, from Latin sternuto, sternutare.


fraper

fraper (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
frapant (gerund participle present)


oublyer

oublyer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
oublyant (gerund participle present)

French: oublier


tumber

tumber (infinitive)
estre + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
tumbant (gerund participle present)


destacher

destacher (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
destachant (gerund participle present)

→ English: detach

French: détacher

Italian: distaccare, staccare

Old French destachier, thought to be of Germanic origin.


avaller

avaller (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
avallant (gerund participle present)

French: avaler


recongnoistre

French: reconnaître

Old French reconoistre, from Latin recognosco


soubhaitter

soubhaitter (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
soubhaittant (gerund participle present)

French: souhaiter


escumes

second-person singular present indicative of escumer

second-person singular present subjunctive of escumer


escume

French: écume

first-person singular present indicative of escumer

third-person singular present indicative of escumer

first-person singular present subjunctive of escumer

third-person singular present subjunctive of escumer

second-person singular imperative of escumer


escumer

escumer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
escumant (gerund participle present)

French: écumer


escripvant

escripvant (feminine singular escripvante, masculine plural escripvans, feminine plural escripvantes)

escripvante (feminine singular)
escripvans (masculine plural)
escripvantes (feminine plural)


depesche

first/third-person singular present indicative/subjunctive

inflection of depescher:
second-person singular imperative


vuider

vuider (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
vuidant (gerund participle present)


escapper

escapper (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
escappant (gerund participle present)

French: échapper

Old French escaper, from *Late Latin excapio

to leave; to come out of; to depart from


depescher

depescher (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
depeschant (gerund participle present)

French: dépêcher

Couraige de brebis (disoyt il) depeschez vous de cestuy cy, et bien toust en faisons un aultre.

Courage my lamb (said he), hurry up with this one, and then we'll make another.

(reflexive, se depescher) to hurry; to hurry up


sçay

first-person singular present indicative of sçavoir

second-person singular present indicative of sçavoir

third-person singular present indicative of sçavoir


sçavons

first-person plural present indicative of sçavoir


sçavent

third-person plural present indicative of sçavoir


sçavez

inflection of sçavoir:
second-person plural present indicative

second-person singular polite present indicative


sçavoit

third-person singular imperfect indicative of sçavoir


sçavions

first-person plural imperfect indicative of sçavoir


sçavois

first/second-person singular imperfect indicative of sçavoir


sçaviez

second-person plural imperfect indicative of sçavoir


leicher

leicher (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
leichant (gerund participle present)


auser

auser (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
ausant (gerund participle present)

French: oser

From Old French oser, with the au added back to reflect the original Latin audeo.


reigle

French: règle

first-person singular present indicative of reigler

third-person singular present indicative of reigler

first-person singular present subjunctive of reigler

third-person singular present subjunctive of reigler

second-person singular imperative of reigler


chyer

French: chier

Il pissoit sus ses souliers, il chyoit en sa chemise

He pissed on his shoes, he shit in his shirt


resouldre

French: résoudre


mouscher

mouscher (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
mouschant (gerund participle present)

French: moucher

(reflexive, se mouscher) to wipe one's nose


repaistre

French: repaître


aguyser

aguyser (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
aguysant (gerund participle present)

French: aiguiser


sçaurez

second-person plural future indicative of sçavoir


mescler

mescler (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
mesclant (gerund participle present)

En cen que nyons non mescleit aucons vin dou pais de la Romagne, awei lo dit vin d'Auczai et d'Alamagnie.

1410, Archevêque de Fribourg, Première collection des lois:


escripre

Tant noblement estoient apprins qu'il n'estoit entre eulx celluy ne celle qui ne sceust lire, escripre, chanter, iouer d'instrumens harmonieux, parler de cinq et six langaiges

They were so well taught that among them there was not one who did not know how to read, write, sing, play musical instruments [and] speak five or six languages.


sceut

third-person singular past historic form of sçavoir


sceusse

first-person plural imperfect subjunctive of sçavoir


soubrire

French: sourire

From Old French sorrirre, with a silent ⟨b⟩ added in honour of the Latin etymon subrīdēre.


refraischir

French: rafraîchir

From Old French refreschir, refrescir (“to reinvigorate”), from re- (“re-”) + freschir (“to refresh, restore one's strength”), of Germanic origin, from Frankish *freskjan (“to make fresh, refresh”). More at English fresh.

der

Finablement arriverent à Paris, auquel lieu se refraischit deux ou troys jours

Finally they arrived at Paris, where he rested for two or three days.

(reflexive, se refraischir) to rest; to recuperate; to become refreshed


achapter

achapter (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
achaptant (gerund participle present)

French: acheter

From Old French achater, with the p added back to reflect the Latin


desieuner

desieuner (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
desieunant (gerund participle present)

French: déjeuner


soulaiger

soulaiger (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
soulaigeant (gerund participle present)

French: soulager


saulver

saulver (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
saulvant (gerund participle present)

French: sauver

From Old French sauver, sover, with the L added back to reflect the original Late Latin salvo, salvare, from Latin salvus.


soubvenir

French: souvenir

→ English: souvenir

From Old French sovenir, with the ub added back to reflect the Latin subvenio.


iouer

iouer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
iouant (gerund participle present)

French: jouer


mocquer

mocquer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
mocquant (gerund participle present)

English: mock

French: moquer


accoustumer

accoustumer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
accoustumant (gerund participle present)

car il l'avoit accoustumé (selon la doctrine de Ælian) à ne craindre les ames ny corps mors

For he had accustomed it (according to Aelian doctrine) to not fear dead souls or dead bodies


tyrer

tyrer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
tyrant (gerund participle present)


acoustumer

acoustumer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
acoustumant (gerund participle present)


sçavoient

third-person plural imperfect indicative of sçavoir


chocquer

chocquer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
chocquant (gerund participle present)

French: choquer

s'eslançant furieusement d'une chaire où elle estoit assise, s'alla de toute sa force chocquer la teste contre la paroy voisine

16ᵗʰ Century, Michel de Montaigne, Essais: