moys

French: mois

From Old French mois, meis, from Latin mēnsis.


baptesme

French: baptême

From Old French batesme, bapteme, baptesme, a semi-learned borrowing from Ecclesiastical Latin baptisma.


faulte

French: faute

Old French faute, with the l added back to reflect the original Latin spelling.


tonnel

French: tonneau


saige femme

French: sage-femme


sçavant

head

sçavant m (plural sçavans, feminine singular sçavante, feminine plural sçavantes)

sçavans (plural)
sçavante (feminine singular)
sçavantes (feminine plural)

French: savant


chorde

French: corde

From Old French corde, with the h added back to reflect Latin chorda, and Ancient Greek χορδή (khordḗ).


fiebvre

French: fièvre

From Old French fievre, with the b added back to reflect the original Latin febris.


moytié

French: moitié

→ English: moiety


mieulx

French: mieux

Beaux seigneurs vous scavez bien que la coustume de ceans est telle que nous devons eslire cellui a nostre escient qui le mieulx a fait au tournoiement.

1488, Jean Dupré, Lancelot du Lac, page 59:

Good sirs, you know very well that our custom is that we have to choose who, to the best of our knowledge, has performed the best in the tournament.


visaige

Late Old French visage, from Early Old French and Latin vis (“face”)


filz

French: fils

Old French fils and its variants, from Latin filius

Et le doubte que troubloit son entendement estoit assavoir s'il devoit plorer pour le deuil de sa femme, ou rire pour la joye de son filz.

And the problem that bothered him was to know whether he should cry for the death of his wife, or laugh for the birth of his son.


chaisne

French: chaîne

From Old French chaene, chaiene, caiene, from Latin catēna.

car il ne pouvoit rompre tant facillement lesdictes chaisnes

For he couldn't break these chains as easily


painctre

French: peintre


yeulx

French: yeux


escholier

escholier m (plural escholiers, feminine singular escholiere, feminine plural escholieres)

escholiers (plural)
escholiere (feminine singular)
escholieres (feminine plural)


chronicque

French: chronique

[L]isant les belles chronicques de ses ancestres

While reading the chronicles of his ancestors


taulpe

French: taupe

From Old French taupe, tope, with the l added back to reflect the original Latin talpa.


medecin

French: médecin


escolier

escolier m (plural escoliers, feminine singular escoliere, feminine plural escolieres)

escoliers (plural)
escoliere (feminine singular)
escolieres (feminine plural)

French: écolier

From Old French escolier, escoler, borrowed from Late Latin scholaris, from Latin schola.


eschole

desctree

French: école
Haitian Creole: lekòl
→ Bambara: ekɔli, lakɔli
→ Moore: lekolle
Turkish: ekol

From Old French escole, with the h added back to reflect the original Latin schola.

school (institution where learning takes place)


poete

French: poète

Norman: poète

From Old French poete, from Latin poēta, from Ancient Greek ποιητής (poiētḗs, “creator, maker, author, poet”).


esbahyssement

surprise; shock (quality of being surprised)


honesteté

French: honnêteté


mirouoir

French: miroir

Old French mireor, from the verb mirer (“to look at”)


peché

French: péché


povoir

French: pouvoir


ayde

French: aide


tesmoignage

French: témoignage


mylieu

French: milieu


resveur

head

resveur m (plural resveurs, feminine singular resveuse, feminine plural resveuses)

resveurs (plural)
resveuse (feminine singular)
resveuses (feminine plural)

French: rêveur


congnoissance

French: connaissance

From Old French conoissance (with the g added back to reflect the original Latin), from Latin cognoscentia.


paintre

French: peintre

→ English: painter (in part)

From Old French peintre, paintre, from Vulgar Latin *pinctor, from Latin pictor.

painter (person who paints as a profession)


dommaige

French: dommage

Old French domaige, one of the variants of damage.

damage (harm done to an object or objects, or more rarely to a person)

Car ce seroit trop grant dommaige que vous mouriciez mesmement en si vil lieu comme ceulx de ceans vous ont mis.

1488, Jean Dupré, Lancelot du Lac, page 40:

It would be too much of a shame if you died in such a vile place such as the one that they've put you here in.


souppe

French: soupe (see there for further descendants)

desc

Norman: soupe, souope (continental Normandy)

desctree

→ Dutch: soep
Afrikaans: soep
Negerhollands: soep, sop
→ Caribbean Hindustani: supu
→ Caribbean Javanese: sop, sup, supu
→ Indonesian: sup
→ Papiamentu: sòpi (from the diminutive), soppi

→ Middle English: soupe, sowpe
English: soup


mousche

French: mouche
→ English: mouche
→ Portuguese: muche
→ Swedish: musch
→ Turkish: muş


cyre

French: cire

chauffer la cyre


Turcq

head

Turcq m (plural Turcqs, feminine singular Turcque, feminine plural Turcques)

Turcqs (plural)
Turcque (feminine singular)
Turcques (feminine plural)

French: Turc


nepveu

French: neveu

From Old French neveu, with the p added back to reflect the original Latin spelling.


loysir

French: loisir


ymaige

French: image

From Old French image et al., from Latin imāgō.


regnard

French: renard


compaignon

French: compagnon

il lui dist qu'il estoit de la maison au roy Artus compaignon de la table ronde

1488, Jean Dupré, Lancelot du Lac, page 18:

he told him he was of the house of King Arthur and a member of the round table


cousteau

French: couteau; Cousteau


lyon

desctree

French: lion
Haitian Creole: lyon
Mauritian Creole: lyon
Seychellois Creole: lyon

From Old French lion, from Latin leo, leonis.


cousté

French: côté


eglise

French: église (see there for further descendants)


ieunesse

youth (period during which one is young)


croysade

→ English: crusade

French: croisade


bancquet

English: banquet

French: banquet


palays

French: palais


iardin

garden (area abundant with plants and other wildlife)


nouveaulté

French: nouveauté


resqueste

From Old French requeste, with the first s added by hypercorrection. The original Latin spelling does not include this s.


parolle

French: parole

From Old French parole, the second L being added by hypercorrection (only one L in the Latin parabola).


Angloys

head

Angloys m (plural Angloys, feminine singular Angloyse, feminine plural Angloyses)

Angloys (plural)
Angloyse (feminine singular)
Angloyses (feminine plural)

French: Anglais


poulce

French: pouce


chault

French: chaud

From Old French chaut, with the L added back to reflect the original Latin caldus.


huyle

desctree

French: huile
Haitian Creole: lwil (from l’huile)
Vietnamese: luyn (from l’huile)


oingnon

French: oignon, ognon (post-1990 spelling)
Saint Dominican Creole French: z'oignon
Haitian Creole: zonyon
Seychellois Creole: zonyon

From Old French oignon, from Latin unio, unionem.


hebrieu

French: hébreu


escript

French: écrit (noun)

Old French escrit, with the p added back to reflect the Latin scriptus

Lois appella les clercz qui mettoient en escript les adventures

1488, Jean Dupré, Lancelot du Lac, page 66:

Louis called the clerks who put the adventures in to writing


faulx

French: faux

car il fut cause de sa mort: le coustillier d'Onesile l'ayant accueilli d'une faulx entre les deux espaules


robbe

French: robe


haye

French: haie


pouldre

French: poudre


aneau

French: anneau


perdrys

French: perdrix


blereau

French: blaireau

From Old French blereau, which according to Bratchet is from a diminutive of blé (“corn, wheat”) thus meaning an animal that feeds on corn.


ceincture

French: ceinture

belt (strap of material worn around the waist)


asseurance

assurance (declaration tending to inspire confidence)


hasche

French: hache


haubert

French: haubert


midy

French: midi


Dannoys

head

Dannoys m (plural Dannoys, feminine singular Dannoyse, feminine plural Dannoyses)

Dannoys (plural)
Dannoyse (feminine singular)
Dannoyses (feminine plural)

French: Danois


Albanoys

Albanoys m (plural Albanoys, feminine singular Albanoyse, feminine plural Albanoyses)

Albanoys (plural)
Albanoyse (feminine singular)
Albanoyses (feminine plural)

French: Albanais


ioye

French: joie

Old French joie, from Old Occitan joia, from Late Latin gaudia, from Classical Latin gaudium

si s'entrefirent si grande ioye que a peine ie la vous sauroye nombrer

1488, Jean Dupré, Lancelot du Lac, page 61:

then they gave each other so many joys that I would hardly be able to tell you how many


habillement

habiller (“to dress, to clothe”) + -ment


Chrestien

head

Chrestien m (plural Chrestiens, feminine singular Chrestienne, feminine plural Chrestiennes)

Chrestiens (plural)
Chrestienne (feminine singular)
Chrestiennes (feminine plural)


estomach

Old French estomac, from Latin stomachus < Ancient Greek στόμαχος (stómakhos).


chastaigne

French: châtaigne


plom

French: plomb


geneallogie

French: généalogie


goubelet

French: gobelet


grenoille

French: grenouille


advertissement

advertissement m (plural advertissemens)


saulcisse

French: saucisse


moust

French: moût

From Old French moust, from Latin mustum.


moustarde

French: moutarde

→ Vietnamese: mù tạc

abondance de andouilles en la saison et beuf sallé à la moustarde

[An] abundance of sausages in season, and beef salted with mustard


febvrier

French: février


practicque

Je n'entens poinct la theoricque ; de la praticque je me ayde quelque peu.

I don't understand the theory; the practice, I understand a bit.


planette

French: planète

Le grand Dieu feist les planettes


austruche

French: autruche


loup guarou

French: loup-garou


soye

French: soie


esmail

French: émail (see there for further descendants)


Athenien

Athenien m (plural Atheniens, feminine singular Athenienne, feminine plural Atheniennes)

Atheniens (plural)
Athenienne (feminine singular)
Atheniennes (feminine plural)


gueulle

French: gueule


espinard

French: épinard


guarson

French: garçon


aureiller

French: oreiller


lactue

French: laitue

From Old French laitue, with the c added back to reflect the original Latin lactuca.


gryphe

French: griffe


chappeau

chappeau m (plural chappeaulx or chappeaux)

French: chapeau (see there for further descendants)

→ English: chapeau


guarsonnet

French: garçonnet

Old French garçonnet, corresponding to guarson + -et.


coissin

French: coussin (see there for further descendants)

From later Old French coissin, from Vulgar Latin *coxīnus (“seat pad”), derived from Latin coxa (“hip, thigh”) with the suffix possibly after Latin pulvīnus (“pillow”).

cushion (soft mass of material stuffed into a cloth bag used for comfort or support)


honnesteté

French: honnêteté


resverie

desctree

French: rêverie
→ English: reverie
→ Romanian: reverie


iument

Late Latin *iūmenta, from Latin iūmentum


froumaige

French: fromage

From Old French formage, fourmage, from Medieval Latin fōrmāticum.


paige

Old French page, of disputed origin; see English page.


hereticque

French: hérétique


cuysine

French: cuisine


escuyer

French: écuyer


basteau

French: bâteau


endroict

French: endroit

From Old French endroit, with the c added back to reflect the original Latin spelling.


bouticque

French: boutique


prescheur

French: prêcheur


mocquerie

→ English: mockery

French: moquerie

mocquer + -ie, or directly from Middle Dutch


faulcon

French: faucon


passetemps

French: passe-temps

→ Middle English: passe tyme, passetyme (calque)
English: passtime, pastime, passtime, pass-time (both obsolete) (obsolete)

From passe (imperative of passer (“to pass”)) + temps (“time”).

com

imperative of <i class="Latn mention" lang="frm">passer</i> (“to pass”)


hyver

French: hiver

From Old French yver, iver, from Latin hibernus.


chasteau

desctree

French: château
→ Danish: chateau
→ English: château, chateau
→ Russian: шато́ (šató)
→ Turkish: şato
→ Ukrainian: шато́ (šató)

From Old French chastel, from Latin castellum, from castrum.


escharpe

French: écharpe


seureté

French: sûreté

sureness (quality of being sure, of being certain)


dommaine

French: domaine

land belonging to someone, or to a state


cholere

French: colère


traictement

French: traitement

Old French, corresponding to traicter + -ment

treatment (attitude or behavior towards something or someone)


flascon

French: flacon (see there for further descendants)

→ Middle English: flagon, flakon

English: flagon

From Old French flascon, from Late Latin flascōnem, accusative of flascō (“flask, bottle, container”), from Frankish *flaska.

flask (apparatus for transporting liquids)


debvoir

French: devoir

→ Middle English: devoir
English: devoir

From Old French devoir, with an ornamental silent ⟨b⟩ in reminiscence of the original Latin debēre.


foulle

French: foule


droict

From Old French droit, dreit, from Latin d(i)rectus, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *reg-, whence also English right. The -c- was added back to reflect the Latin etymology.


avantaige

French: avantage

advantage (condition, circumstance, opportunity or means, particularly favorable to success, or to any desired end)


stratageme

From Old French stratageme, from Latin strategema, from Ancient Greek στρατήγημα (stratḗgēma).


empeschement

French: empêchement


sallade

French: salade


Iuif

head

Iuif m (plural Iuifs or Iuifs, feminine singular Iuifve, feminine plural Iuifves)

Iuifs (plural)
Iuifve (feminine singular)
Iuifves (feminine plural)

French: juif


layne

French: laine

wool (raw material taken from the coats of animals)


fraischeur

French: fraîcheur


pelerin

French: pèlerin
→ Romanian: pelerin m


faulconnier

French: fauconnier


couhardise

French: couardise


soupplesse

French: souplesse


lict

bed (furniture designed to be slept upon)


createur

French: créateur

From Old French creatur, creator, borrowed from Latin creator.


nuysance

French: nuisance


iniure

French: injure


meusnier

French: meunier

From Old French meunier, munoiere, from Late Latin molīnārius, from molīnus, from Latin molō.


ruyne

French: ruine

ie ne voy poinct comment ce ne soit a nostre ruyne totale.

I don't see how this won't lead to our total ruin.


defaicte

French: défaite


espesseur

French: épaisseur

thickness (extent to which something is thick)


faulseté

French: fausseté


meschant

French: méchant


instrumens

Tant noblement estoient apprins qu'il n'estoit entre eulx celluy ne celle qui ne sceust lire, escripre, chanter, iouer d'instrumens harmonieux, parler de cinq et six langaiges

They were so well taught that among them there was not one who did not know how to read, write, sing, play musical instruments [and] speak five or six languages.


esmotion

French: émotion

From the verb esmouvoir, or from *Old French esmotion.

Que nulle histoyre, ou sont les grands merveilles,
A faict recit d'esmotions pareilles.


histoyre

French: histoire

Old French estoire, from Latin historia, from Ancient Greek ἱστορία (historía)


vilage

French: village


fatigation

First known attestation 1303, borrowed from Latin fatīgātiō.


beuveur

beuveur m (plural beuveurs, feminine singular beuveuse, feminine plural beuveuses)

beuveurs (plural)
beuveuse (feminine singular)
beuveuses (feminine plural)

French: buveur

From beuv-, stem of certain conjugated forms of boire + -eur, or from Latin bibitor, bibitōrem.

drink (one who drinks, especially alcohol)


abisme

French: abîme


desfaveur

→ English: disfavor, disfavour


drolle

From Old French drolle, from Middle Dutch drol (“fat little man, goblin”), itself from Old Norse troll, from Proto-Germanic *truzlą.


mestis

French: métis

→ English: Metis

→ English: Mestee

From Old French mestif, from Late Latin mixticius, from Classical Latin mixtus.

mixed-race person, or person of mixed descent


cloistre

desctree

French: cloître, cloitre (post-1990 spelling)
→ Russian: клуа́тр (kluátr)
→ Ukrainian: клуа́тр (kluátr)

Metrodorus vivoit du pois de douze onces par jour, Epicurus à moins; Metroclez dormoit en hyver avec les moutons, en esté aux cloistres des Eglises.


luite

French: lutte


prophete

French: prophète

From Old French prophete, borrowed from Latin prophēta, borrowed from Ancient Greek προφήτης (prophḗtēs), from προ- (pro-) + φημί (phēmí) + -της (-tēs).

etymon

prophet (chiefly Biblical, with respect to Christianity)


Egyptien

head

Egyptien m (plural Egyptiens, feminine singular Egyptienne, feminine plural Egyptiennes)

Egyptiens (plural)
Egyptienne (feminine singular)
Egyptiennes (feminine plural)


societé

desctree

French: société
→ German: Sozietät
→ Hunsrik: Sozieteet
→ Haitian Creole: sosyete
→ Romanian: societate
→ Turkish: sosyete

Norman: sociêté

→ English: society

From Old French societé, borrowed from Latin societās, societātem (“society, community”).


oroison

French: oraison


vaissel

French: vaisseau


cycne

« Tel doux chant les Cycnes chantent. »

1579, Pierre Le Loyer, La Néphélococugie:


oraison

French: oraison


vice-roy

English: viceroy

French: vice-roi

Portuguese: vice-rei

→ Malay: wizurai

→ Indonesian: wizurai

je vous diray qu'il seroit à desirer que le dict vice-roy leur eust baillé un pouvoir de traicter;

a. 1610, Henri IV of France, Lettres Missives:


fumee

French: fumée


crouste

French: croûte

From Old French croste, from Latin crusta.


bienveillant

French: bienveillant


vespre

French: vêpre


courtine

French: courtine

From Old French cortine, inherited from Late Latin cōrtīna (“curtain”).


courtine

Borrowed from Classical Latin cortīna (“sacred tripod of Apollo”) and adapted in form to etymology 1.


prerogatif

From Medieval Latin praerogativus (“chosen to vote first”), from praerogere (“to ask before others”), from prae- with rogare (“to ask”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃roǵ-, o‐grade form of root *h₃reǵ-.


comtoir

S'il la prend de bon esprit, elle voudra tout gouverner: & faudra que tout passe par ses mains: elle se fera tantost maistresse du comtoir: & se voyant l'argent en maniement, elle achetera de iour en iour, sans aucune discretion, choses nouvelles, pour se faire bien iolie, bien doree, & diapree, au contentement de son esprit: outre ce, qu'elle en prestera & donnera à ses parens, pour les secourir en leurs affaires: le tout aux despens du pelerin.

1555, Ortensio Lando, Paradoxes ou sentences, debatues, & elegamment deduites contre la commune opinion:


fustet

desctree

French: fustet, fustel, fustic, fustoc
→ English: fustet, fustic, fustoc
→ German: Fustet, Fustic, Fustetholz, Fusticholz, Fisetholz
→ Spanish: fustoc

From Old Occitan fustet, from Arabic فُسْتَق (fustaq) with Occitanized ending.

Quant à la traite des marchandises qui sortent de ce royaume, il y a plusieurs grands personages qui s’efforcent, & se font efforcez par ditz & par escripts de la retrencher du tout, s’il leur estoit possible; croyans que nous pouvouns vivre heureusement & à grand marché sans rien bailler, ny recevoir de l’estranger, mais ils s’abusent à mon advis:car nous avons afaire des estrangers, & ne s’avrions nous en passer. Ie confesse que nous leur envoyons blé, vin, sel, safran, pastel, pruneaux, papier, draps & grosses toiles. aussi avons nous d’eux en contrechange, premierement tous les metaux, hormis le fer : nous avons d’eux, or, argent, estain, cuivre, plomb, acier, vif argent, alun, souphre, vitriol, couperoze, cynabre, huiles, cire, miel, poix, bresil, ebene, fustel, gaiac, yvoire, maroquins, toiles fines, couleurs de conchenil, escarlate, cramoysi, drogues de toutes sortes, epiceries, sucres, chevaux, saleures de saumons, sardines, maquereaux, molves, bref une infinité de bons livres & excellens ouvrages de main.

1566, Jehan Cherruyt, Sieur de Malestroict, Les Paradoxes du Seigneur de Malestroict Conseiller du Roy & Maitre ordinaire des ses comptes, sur le faict des Monnoyes, présentez à Sa Majesté au moys de Mars, Paris: Martin Le Ieune, published 1568, avec la réponse de M. Jean Bodin ausdicts paradoxes ᴳᴮ, page 45:

In what concerns the wares which go out of this kingdom, there are many grand persons who endeavour this, and endeavour for the said and written things to deduct their share from all, if it be possible: believing we can live happy and with great steps without perusing too much trust into or receiving much from the foreigner, but they have mistaken my advice: for we deal with foreigners and wouldn’t have aught to pass from there. I confess that we send them wheat, wine, salt, saffron, woad, plums, paper, draperies and gross fabric, and get from them in exchange primarily all metals save iron: we have from them gold, silver, tin, copper, lead, steel, quicksilver, alum, sulphur, vitriol, copperas, cinnabar, oils, wax, honey, pitch, bresilwood, ebony, fustet, guaiacum, ivory, maroquin, fine cloths, cochineal colours, scarlet, crimson, drugs of all kinds, spices, sugars, horses, salted salmons, sardines, mackerels, lings, in short an infinity of good books and excellent manuscripts.

Cotinus coggygria
Cotinus coggygria#Translingual


phantasie

French: fantaisie

From Old French fantasie, with the ph- reinstated to reflect Latin phantasia and its Ancient Greek source φαντασία (phantasía, “apparition”).

fantasy (that which comes from one's imagination)


republicque

French: république


repoulsement

part a la fortification de la patrie, & la defendre: part au repoulsement des ennemis

1552, François Rabelais, Le Tiers Livre:

Partly fortifying the country and defending her, partly keeping out enemies


Aegyptien

head

Aegyptien m (plural Aegyptiens, feminine singular Aegyptienne, feminine plural Aegyptiennes)

Aegyptiens (plural)
Aegyptienne (feminine singular)
Aegyptiennes (feminine plural)

Old French *Egiptien, etymologically reconstructed based on Latin Aegyptus.


choys

French: choix


desespoir

French: désespoir


ioyeuseté

French: joyeuseté


couppe

French: coupe


feaulté

Old French fealté, from Latin fidelitas. Compare fidelité.


monastere

French: monastère

Norman: monastéthe

→ English: monastery


meshaing

Old French, ultimately from a Germanic language.


saulse

French: sauce


debte

From Old French dete, with the b added back to reflect the original Latin spelling of debita.


aër

Latin āēr, from Ancient Greek ἀήρ (aḗr, “air”).


roignon

French: rognon

From Old French rognon, roignon, from Vulgar Latin *renio, renionem, from Latin ren.


biensfaicteur

French: bienfaiteur

From Latin benefactor (“he who bestows a favor”), from benefaciō (“benefit someone”), from bene (“good”) + faciō (“do, make”).


nopces

French: noces


grandpere

French: grand-père


recepvant

French: recevant


despence

French: dépense


memoire

memory (specific recollection of a past event)


heritaige

French: héritage


coqu

head

coqu m (plural coqus, feminine singular coqüe, feminine plural coqües)

coqus (plural)
coqüe (feminine singular)
coqües (feminine plural)


repraesentation

repraesentation f (plural repraesentations)


asceurance

French: assurance


embusche

French: embûche

Deverbal of embuscher (Old French enbuscier).


conart

French: conard, connard

(derogatory) bastard; fucker (generic insult, usually towards a male person)


circunference

French: circonférence


praesence

French: présence


lievre

French: lièvre


soupper

French: souper


circuncision

French: circoncision


dortouoir

French: dortoir


paulpiere

French: paupière


paupiere

French: paupière


esternuement

French: éternuement


poëte

French: poëte


paulme

French: paume

Inherited from Old French paume, paulme, from Latin palma, from Proto-Indo-European *pl̥h₂meh₂.


vieillart

French: vieillard


praesaige

French: présage


sapphyr

French: saphir

Old French safir, from Latin sapphyrus, from Ancient Greek.


heritier

heritier m (plural heritiers, feminine singular heritiere, feminine plural heritieres)

heritiers (plural)
heritiere (feminine singular)
heritieres (feminine plural)


prognosticqueur

prognosticqueur m (plural prognosticqueurs)


diabolologie

Coined by Rabelais in The Third Book of Pantagruel.

(nonce word) The study of devils and Satan.


fuyte

French: fuite


escelle

French: aisselle


oizeau

French: oiseau

bird (any of several flying, egg-laying species)


dracon

French: dragon (see there for further descendants)

From Old French dragon, with the c added back to reflect Latin dracō and its source Ancient Greek δράκων (drákōn, “dragon”).


propous

French: propos


theologien

French: théologien


consyderation

French: considération


diablesse

diable + -esse, or directly from Old French.


repous

French: repos


mesnaige

French: ménage


ioueur

ioueur m (plural ioueurs, feminine singular ioueuse, feminine plural ioueuses)

ioueurs (plural)
ioueuse (feminine singular)
ioueuses (feminine plural)

Old French joeor, from Latin ioculator. See iouer, -eur.

player (one who participates in a game or contest)


proye

French: proie

prey (animal which is target of a carnivore)


fouldre

French: foudre


puiz

French: puits


surprinse

(military) capture (of a town, a city, etc.)


iongleur

jongleur (entertainer in the Middle Ages)


Escossois

French: Écossais


autheur

autheur m (plural autheurs, feminine singular autrice, feminine plural autrices)

autheurs (plural)
autrice (feminine singular)
autrices (feminine plural)

French: auteur (see there for further descendants)

From Old French autor. The h is unetymological; no h in the Latin auctor.


coulpable

French: coupable


froydeur

French: froideur


aisné

aisné m (plural aisnés, feminine singular aisnee, feminine plural aisnees)

aisnés (plural)
aisnee (feminine singular)
aisnees (feminine plural)


œconomique

œconomique (gender not attested, plural œconomiques)

From Old French iconomike, a borrowing from Latin oeconomicus, from Ancient Greek οἰκονομικός (oikonomikós), from οἰκονομία (oikonomía).


calife

French: calife
→ Romanian: calif


guisarme

French: guisarme


balustre

French: balustre

→ English: baluster


moeurs

French: mœurs

From the Latin mōrēs (“ways, character, morals”), the plural of mōs.


coniecture

French: conjecture


godon

godon m (plural godons, feminine singular godone, feminine plural godones)

godons (plural)
godone (feminine singular)
godones (feminine plural)

Speculatively connected to English God damn, although the profanity is not attested in Middle English.

Ne craignez point a les batre / ces Godons, panches a pois / Car vng de nous en vault quatre / Au moins en vault il bien troys

15th century, anonymous (perhaps Olivier Basselin), “Chanson LXI”, in Armand Gasté, editor, Chansons normandes du XV^è siècle, 1866:

Do not fear at all to fight them / These pea-bellied godons / Because one of us is worth four of them / [Or] at least, well worth three of them.


nombles

entrails of a pig, cow, deer etc. viewed as food


infirmité

French: infirmité

infirmity; disease or other medical condition


From Ancient Greek ἀντί (antí, “opposite, facing”), περί (perí, “about, around”), κατά (katá, “downward”), μετά (metá, “after, among”), ἀνά (aná, “upward”), παρά (pará, “near, beside”), and ἀμφί (amphí, “around, apart, on both sides”) and Latin crībrō (“to sift”).

der

Et touua la librairie de sainct Victor fort magnificque, mesmement d'aucuns liures qu'il y trouua, desquelz sensuit le repertoire, & primo. … Antipericatametanaparbeugedamphicribrationes merdicantium. … Desquelz aucuns sont ia impriméz, & les autres l'on imprime maintenant en cestle noble ville de Tubine.
The Works of Francis Rabelais, M. D. In Five Books. Vol. II. Now carefully revised, and compared throughout with the late new Edition of M. Le du Chat, By Mr. Ozell. Who has likewise added at the Bottom of the Pages, a Translation of the Notes, Historical, Critical, and Explanatory, of the said M. du Chat, and Others: In which Notes, never before printed in English, the Text is not only explained, but, in Multitudes of Places, amended, and made conformable to the first and best Editions of this learned and facetious Athor, Dublin, 1738, page 7337 & 55 & 67 (2nd book, chapter VII):
In his Abode there he went to see the Library of St. Victor, very magnificent, especially in Books which were there, of which followeth the Catalogue. Et primò. … (93.) Antipericatametanaparbeugedamphicribrationes Mendicantium. … Of which Library some Books are already printed and the rest are now at the Press, in this noble City of Tubinge.
(93.) Antipericatametanaparbeugedamphicribrationes Mendicantium.] It is in some Editions Merdicantium, which inclines M. D. C. to think our Author designates the Physicians by the barbarous Terms of their Profession.
Rabelais Gargantua and Pantagruel Translated into English by Sir Thomas Urquhart and Peter le Motteux annis 1653–1694 With an Introduction by Charles Whibley. Volume I, London, 1900, page 222 & 225 & 227 (2nd book, chapter VII):

16th century, François Rabelais. In: Les œuures de M. Francois Rabelais Docteur en Medicine, contenans la vie, faicts & dicts Heroiques de Gargantua, & de sonfilz Panurge: Auecla Prognostication Pantagrueline, 1553, page 248 & 253 & 255 (in chapter VII of Le second livre des faicts et dicts Heroiques du bon Pantagruel, compose par M. Francois Rabelais Docteur en Medicine. Reueu & corrigé pour la seconde edition)

In his abode there he found the Library of St. Victor, a very stately and magnifick one, especially in some books which were there, of which followeth the Repertory and Catalogue, Et primò, … Antipericatametanaparbeugedamphicribationes toordicantium. … Of which library some books are already printed and the rest are now at the presse, in this noble city of Tubinge.

(nonce word, used only by Rabelais) haphazard siftings or roaming ruminations


picque

French: pique

→ Dutch: pijk, piek, pike

→ English: pique

→ Portuguese: pique

→ Spanish: pique

From Old French piquer (“to prick”), from Vulgar Latin *piccare (“to pierce”), from *piccus (“peak, sharp point”).


courtisane

French: courtisane

la Courtisane ne se propose autre but & ne vise à autre chose qu'à ce que les Amans donnent

1550, Pietro Aretino, Dialogue, ... ou les vies, et faits, de Lais et Lamia courtisanes de Rome sont deduites, page 52:

The courtesan doesn't not have another goal and does not target anything else but what her lovers give her


sourys

French: souris


Limosin

French: Limousin

Limousin (person from the Limousin region of France)


Macedonien

head

Macedonien m (plural Macedoniens, feminine singular Macedonienne, feminine plural Macedoniennes)

Macedoniens (plural)
Macedonienne (feminine singular)
Macedoniennes (feminine plural)


desportement

desportement m (plural desportemens or desportements)

desportemens (plural)
desportements (plural)


excez

French: excès


meschanceté

French: méchanceté


desplaisir

displeasure (something uncomfortable or unpleasant)


recognoissance

recognoissance f (plural recognoissances)

French: reconnaissance

Old French reconoisance, see re-, cognoistre, -ance.


puisné

puisné m (plural puisnez, feminine singular puisnee, feminine plural puisnees)

puisnez (plural)
puisnee (feminine singular)
puisnees (feminine plural)

French: puîné

English: puisne, puny

Since Old French, from puis (“after”) + né (“born”).

one who is born after (born later than another specified person)


poictrine

French: poitrine

Old French poitrine, with the c added back to reflect the Late Latin *pectorina.

(anatomy) chest (area of a body roughly between the armpits and the belly)


estanson

French: étançon

le feu estant mis a la mine, les estansons de bois venus a faillir, le Chasteau fut emporté de sons en comble.


commodité

commodity (convenience; usefulness, suitability)


reve

Old French rueve, ultimately from Latin rogō (“I ask; I demand”).


dorveille

c. 1365, Guillaume de Mauchaut, La prise d'Alixandre
On dit que cils fait la dorveille
Qui dort de l'ueil & dou cuer veille.
They say that those [people] perform dorveille
Who sleep with their eyes, but are awake in their heart.

the vivid sleep when one thinks one is still awake; lucid sleep


tetin

French: tétin


coulpe

French: coulpe

From Old French coupe, colpe, from Latin culpa.


cervoise

cervoise f (usually uncountable, plural cervoises)

French: cervoise (historical)


poltron

English: poltroon

French: poltron


nuict

Old French nuit, noit with the c added back to reflect the Latin noctis, genitive singular of nox.


oysiveté

French: oisiveté


foiblesse

French: faiblesse


estrangier

estrangier m (plural estrangiers, feminine singular estrangiere, feminine plural estrangieres)

estrangiers (plural)
estrangiere (feminine singular)
estrangieres (feminine plural)


deces

French: décès
→ Romanian: deces

From Old French deces, from Latin decessus.


republique

→ English: republic

French: république (see there for further descendants)

Borrowed from Latin rēpūblicā, ablative singular of rēspūblica (“republic”), from rēs (“thing”) + pūblica (“public”); hence literally “the public thing”.


soubçon

Old French sospeçon < Latin suspectio. The b is unetymological, probably by analogy with words such as soubs (“underneath”).


thresor

French: trésor

From Old French tresor, with the h added back to reflect the Latin thēsaurus (“treasure”), and the theta in Ancient Greek θησαυρός (thēsaurós, “treasure house”).


desfaicte

French: défaite


bienfaict

French: bienfait


soing

French: soin


toict

French: toit

From Old French toit, from Latin tēctum.


equalité

Borrowed from Latin aequālitās, aequālitātem. Doublet with esgalité, which is from the same Latin source, via Old French (an earlier borrowing; cf. the inherited/popular Old French form oelté). See also the modern French égalité, formed from the basis of égal.

equality (state, property of being equal)


crapault

French: crapaud


laizard

French: lézard


pescheur

desctree

French: pêcheur
Antillean Creole: péchè
Guianese Creole: péchèr
Karipúna Creole French: péxó
Louisiana Creole: pechèr
→ Aruamu: peser

From Old French pescheor, from Latin piscātor, piscātōrem.


clystere

→ English: clyster

French: clystère


extremité

extremity (that which is far away from the centre of something)


tiltre

French: titre
→ English: titer, titre
→ Romanian: titru
→ Turkish: titr
→ Persian: تیتر (titr)
→ Vietnamese: tít

Old French titre, with the l added back to reflect the Latin titulus.


royne

French: reine


bruvage

French: breuvage


establissement

head

establissement m (plural establissemens)

French: établissement

establishment (act or process of establishing)


fleute

desctree

French: flûte, flute (post-1990 spelling)
→ Italian: flute, flûte
→ Luxembourgish: Flütt
→ Walloon: flûte
→ Volapük: flut (possibly)

Norman: fliûte (Jersey)

From Old French fleute, from Old Occitan flaut.


magesté

French: majesté


morrion

→ English: morion

French: morion


yvresse

French: ivresse


rhetorique

French: rhétorique


meslange

French: mélange


duree

French: durée


neud

French: nœud


vaincueur

French: vainqueur


desloyauté

French: déloyauté

disloyalty (lack of loyalty; disloyal act)


fourme

French: forme


abry

French: abri


Polonnois

French: Polonais


maltalent

→ Middle English: maltalent, male talent, male-talent, maletalent, maltalant, maltelent, mautalent, mautelent
English: maltalent (obsolete)


prevoiance

French: prévoyance


esloignement

French: éloignement

distance between two things; usually a large one


flateur

French: flatteur


iouyssance

French: jouissance


sauveté

safety (quality of being safe; of not being in danger)


pluspart

French: plupart


picqueure

French: piqûre

puncture; specifically the act or result of puncturing with a small, sharp object


esponge

French: éponge

Norman: êponge

From Old French espoinge (cf. also variant espoigne), from Vulgar Latin *sponga, from Latin spongia, from Ancient Greek σπογγιά (spongiá).

sponge (piece of porous material used for washing)


bestise

French: bêtise


estonnement

French: étonnement


hayne

French: haine


priere

French: prière


cheute

French: chute


raisonnance

Old French resonance, from Latin resonantia (“echo”), perhaps hypercorrected based raison, from a different etymology.


garison

French: guérison

safety (situation or place free from dangers)


pontife

French: pontife m
→? Romanian: pontif m

→ English: pontiff

Learned borrowing from Latin pontifex m (first attested in 1538).


rusche

French: ruche

1600, Olivier de Serres, Le Théâtre d'Agriculture et Mesnage des Champs, 1996 ed., Paris: Actes Sud, 631, →ISBN
Les bancs pour asseoir les rusches, seront artistement bastis, à ce qu'elles y reposent seurement.

(please add an English translation of this quotation)


ruscher

French: rucher

1600, Olivier de Serres, Le Théâtre d'Agriculture et Mesnage des Champs, 1996 ed., Paris: Actes Sud, 631, →ISBN
Le ruscher sera assis en lieu net et secret ; les avetes haïssans la saleté et toutes sortes de mauvaises senteurs, marescages, bourbiers, fumiers, retraicts, et semblables endroits puants.

apiary (a place where bees and hives are kept)


apier

1600, Olivier de Serres, Le Théâtre d'Agriculture et Mesnage des Champs, 1996 ed., Paris: Actes Sud, 628, →ISBN
L'Apier ou Ruscher, qui est la nourriture des Mousches-à-Miel.


habundance

Grande habundance de peuple, grande habundance de merciers portant indicible quantité d’ymages & autres denrées, logés par tous endroits autour du Puy & dans la ville & especialement devant l’eglise des Jacopins, lesquels faysoit moult beau voir; […]

a. 1565, Étienne Médicis, Le Livre de Podio; republished as Augustin Chassaing, editor, Le Livre de Podio, ou Chroniques d’Étienne Médicis bourgeois du Puy, volume 2, 1874, page 156:

Great abundance of people, great abundance of merchants carrying an indescribable quantity of images and other goods, lodged in every place around Puy and in the city and especially before the Dominican church, which things made a very beautiful sight; […]


formage

French: fromage, formage (see there for further descendants)

From Old French formage, from Early Medieval Latin fōrmāticum.


escarmuche

French: escarmouche


javeline

French: javeline
→ Catalan: javelina


haquenee

French: haquenée

→ Middle Dutch: hackeneye

Dutch: hakkenei

→ Spanish: hacanea

→ Portuguese: hacanea, acanea

→ Italian: acchinea, chinea

(1360) From Middle English hakeney (attested in the Camden Miscellany as Medieval Latin hakeneio). More at English hackney.

gl

attested in the Camden Miscellany as Medieval Latin <i class="Latn mention" lang="la">hakeneio</i>

'Entra la royne a cheval sur une basse haquenee blanche :Template:source


bouteret

head

bouteret m (plural bouterés or bouteretz)


guespe

French: guêpe

From Old French guespe, wespe, from a conflation of Latin vespa and Old Frankish *wespa, *wapsa (“wasp”), from Proto-Germanic *wapsō (“wasp”).


bresche

French: brèche


estrangeté

French: étrangeté


yvrongnerie

French: ivrognerie


gayeté

French: gaieté

English: gaiety


estuy

French: étui


naïfveté

French: naïveté


maistres d'escole

maistre d'escole
maistre d'escole#Middle_French


maistre d'escole

maistre d'escole m (plural maistres d'escole)

French: maître d’école


cheoir

French: choir

From Old French cheoir, from Late Latin cadēre, from Latin cadĕre.


oysillon

French: oisillon


mescompte

French: mécompte


envenimement

French: envenimement


garse

French: garce


esvanouissement

esvanouissement m (plural esvanouissemens)

French: évanouissement


campaigne

French: campagne


esclair

French: éclair

English: éclair, eclair


merque

French: amer (navigation)

French: marque

French: marquer

From Old Northern French merc, merque, from Old Norse merki, from Proto-Germanic *markō (“boundary; boundary marker”), from Proto-Indo-European *marǵ- (“edge, boundary, border”).

der

La merque peculiere de nostre verité devroit estre nostre vertu, comme elle est aussi la plus celeste merque, et la plus difficile : et que c’est la plus digne production de la verité.

mark (characteristic, sign, visible impression)


flaterie

French: flatterie


contraincte

French: contrainte


deffaut

French: défaut


conduicte

French: conduite


maistrise

French: maîtrise


mespris

French: mépris


accoustumance

French: accoutumance


chevre

French: chèvre


equippage

English: equipage

French: équipage


desreiglement

French: dérèglement


chappon

French: chapon


Souysse

French: Suisse


desbauche

→ Occitan: desbaucha

→ Catalan: disbauxa

et que ce second effect ne soit encore plus beau, que d’estre simplement garny d’une nature facile et debonnaire, et desgoustée par soy mesme de la desbauche et du vice, je ne pense point qu’il y ait doubte.

1595, Michel de Montaigne, Essais, book II, chapter 11:


mereau

French: méreau

a token serving as a receipt, given from a seller to a buyer to show that the purchase has been paid for

a token used to show that a church official had attended a given ceremony


Payen

head

Payen m (plural Payens, feminine singular Payenne, feminine plural Payennes)

Payens (plural)
Payenne (feminine singular)
Payennes (feminine plural)


estain

French: étain


appertise

le dit François […] eust fait pour ceulx de son party grant foison d'appertises d'armes

The aforementioned Frenchman […] had for those in his party made a lot of demonstrations of weaponry


ouye

French: ouïe


eschelle

French: échelle


mescontentement

mescontentement m (plural mescontentemens)

French: mécontentement


trouppe

French: troupe

Old French trope, troupe, thought to be from Frankish. More at English troop, troupe.


phanal

lantern (candle inside a transparent box used as a source of light)


fourage

desctree

French: fourrage
→ Galician: forraxe
→ German: Furage, Fourage
→ Italian: foraggio
→ Portuguese: forragem
→ Romanian: furaj
→ Russian: фураж (furaž)
→ Spanish: forraje


estrier

French: étrier


estalon

French: étalon

standard (something used as a measure for comparative evaluations)


besongne

French: besogne


Vuandale

Vandal (member of an ancient Germanic tribe)


resistence

French: résistance


iointure

French: jointure


larecin

French: larcin

From Latin lātrōcinium (“robbery, piracy”).


syncerité

French: sincérité


affoiblissement

head

affoiblissement m (plural affoiblissemens)

French: affaiblissement

weakening (action, process of becoming weaker)


bolenger

French: boulanger


effroy

French: effroi


desobeïssance

French: désobéissance


mesnager

Ces pauvres gens ne sçavoyent pas combien il estoit excellent mesnager du temps

1595, Michel de Montaigne, Essais, book II, chapter 34:

These poor people didn't know to what extent he was a great manager of time


vefvage

French: veuvage


vefve

French: veuve


iouë

French: joue


liberalité

French: libéralité


lezart

desctree

French: lézard
Louisiana Creole: lézard
→ Romanian: lezard

From Old French lesard, laisarde, from Latin lacertus.


apotiquaire

French: apothicaire

Old French apotecaire, from Medieval Latin apothecarius (“storekeeper”).

der

apothecary (one who makes/sells medicines)


pillule

French: pilule


Allemant

head

Allemant m (plural Allemans, feminine singular Allemande, feminine plural Allemandes)

Allemans (plural)
Allemande (feminine singular)
Allemandes (feminine plural)


deschet

French: déchet


escorce

French: écorce

From Old French escorce, from Latin scortea.


coust

French: coût


nazeau

French: naseau


desgoust

French: dégoût


maiorité

From Medieval Latin māiōritātem, accusative singular of māiōritās.

Car le mineur qui se porte heritier simple, peut tousiours estre relevé de l'adition & apprehension de l'heredité iusqu'à l'aage de la maiorité.

1605, Louis Charondas Le Caron, Responses ou décisions du droict françois confirmées par arrets des cours souveraines de ce royaume et autres:

majority (state of being a major; of having attained the age of an adult)


desnouement

French: dénouement

English: dénouement


Espaignol

Espaignol m (plural Espaignols, feminine singular Espaignole, feminine plural Espaignoles)

Espaignols (plural)
Espaignole (feminine singular)
Espaignoles (feminine plural)

French: Espagnol


Portingalois

Portingalois m (plural Portingalois, feminine singular Portingaloise, feminine plural Portingaloises)

Portingalois (plural)
Portingaloise (feminine singular)
Portingaloises (feminine plural)


aliance

French: alliance

From Old French aliance, from alier (“to ally”).


espaignol

desctree

French: espagnol
→ Romanian: spaniol (along with Italian spagnolo)

From Old French espagneul or espaigneul, probably from Old Occitan espaignol, espainol, from a Vulgar Latin *Hispaniolus (“of Spain”), from Latin Hispānus (“Spanish or Hispanic”) with the diminutive suffix -olus.

EtymOnLine

Douglas Harper (2001–2024) “spaniel”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.


bestail

French: bétail


uys

French: huis


raenchon

French: rançon

ils garderent le chevallier environ quatre mois dedens son chastel, tant qu'il eut payé mille frans pour sa raenchon

they kept the knight in his castle for four months, until he paid a ransom of a thousand francs


estration

French: extraction


traittié

French: traité


busche

French: bûche

From Old French busche (“piece of wood to be burned”), from Vulgar Latin *busca, from Frankish *buska, from Proto-Germanic *buskaz; related to English bush.


compaignie

French: compagnie (see there for further descendants)

company (state of being with other people)

(somewhat euphemistic) company (sexual liaison)

company (group of knights, approximately equivalent to a modern military company)


Thoulousain

head

Thoulousain m (plural Thoulousains, feminine singular Thoulousaine, feminine plural Thoulousaines)

Thoulousains (plural)
Thoulousaine (feminine singular)
Thoulousaines (feminine plural)


clochier

French: clocher


pseaulme

French: psaume


Pasques

desctree

French: Pâques
Haitian Creole: Pak
→ Lingala: Páke
→ Persian: عید پاک ('eyd-e pâk)


clergié

French: clergé

From Old French, from Late Latin clēricātus, from clēricus.


arceprestre

French: archiprêtre


prouffit

French: profit


chastellain

French: châtelain


pourveance

provision (item of goods or supplies obtained for future use)


heaulme

heaume (type of helmet used in the Middle Ages)


truye

French: truie


musel

From Old French musel, diminutive of muse, from Late Latin mūsus (“muzzle”), of uncertain etymology but probably expressive of the shape of protruded lips and/or influenced by Latin mūgīre (“to moo, bellow”).
Cognate to Italian muso, Old Spanish mus, Lombard mus and muson. Not related to French morceau nor to Spanish morro (“hill; muzzle”), Provençal mourre (“muzzle”), Occitan morre (“hill; muzzle”).

onomatopoeic

expressive

muzzle (protruding part of many animal's head)


arbalestrier

French: arbalétrier


yssue

French: issue


subiection

French: subjection


coingnie

French: cognée


noiau

French: noyau


cronique

French: chronique


duchié

French: duché


discention

French: dissension


Casteloing

head

Casteloing m (plural Casteloings, feminine singular Casteloingne, feminine plural Casteloingnes)

Casteloings (plural)
Casteloingne (feminine singular)
Casteloingnes (feminine plural)


bastardie

bastardy (quality of being a bastard, of being born out of wedlock)


vesve

French: veuve


cotte de mailles

cotte de mailles f (plural cottes de mailles)


deffendeur

Old French defendeur, see deffendre + -eur.


connestable

French: connétable


chresme

French: crème (see there for further descendants)

(figuratively) cream (best part of something)


voitture

French: voiture


harnas

Dutch: harnas

French: harnais

Old French hernois (“equipment”), later "equipment for a horse".


comparoison

French: comparaison


chevallerie

ils se confioient en leur chevallerie

chivalry (fact or condition of being a knight; knightly skill, prowess)


herault

French: héraut

→ Portuguese: arauto

→ Spanish: heraldo

From Old French herault, heraut, of Germanic origin, from Frankish *hariwald (“commander of an army”), from *hari + *wald.


fouragier

French: fourrager (noun)


genoul

French: genou


moustier

French: moutier


cauchemare

French: cauchemar


herenc

French: hareng


avaine

French: avoine

From Old French aveine, from Latin avēna (“oats”).


tellier

French: toilier


pareure

French: parure


feulle

French: feuille


serement

French: serment


proupos

French: propos


navreure

French: navrure (rare)


bailly

French: bailli


boysson

French: boisson

drink (liquid suitable to be ingested via the mouth)


aesle

Amour rempli de pitié, et de zelle,
 D’amour mourant toucha la legière aesle.

1549, Hugon (Hugo de la Chapelle?), Second livre contenant xxvi. chansons:

Love, full of pity and of zeal, dying of love touched the light wing.


zelle

French: zèle

From Latin zelus (“jealousy, zeal”), itself derived from Ancient Greek ζῆλος (zêlos).


esclat

French: éclat


marault

French: maraud

→ English: maraud

→ German: marode

→ Portuguese: maroto

a generic pejorative for a person one doesn't like; low-life; wretch


chilindre

desctree

French: cylindre
→ Ottoman Turkish: سلندر (silinder), سیلندر (silindir)
Turkish: silindir
→ Romanian: cilindru

→ English: cylinder
→ Japanese: シリンダー (shirindā)
→ Korean: 실린더 (sillindeo)

First known attestation 1380 in Problemes d'Aristote by Evrart de Conty. From Latin cylindrus, that borrowed from Ancient Greek κύλινδρος (kúlindros).


marrien

French: merrain


tuel

French: tuyau

ung tuel d'argent

1488, Jean Dupré, Lancelot du Lac, page 77:


escaille

French: écaille

là où toutes les autres creatures, nature les a revestuës de coquilles, de gousses, d’escorse, de poil, de laine, de pointes, de cuir, de bourre, de plume, d’escaille, de toison, et de soye selon le besoin de leur estre

Michel de Montaigne, Essais (Livre II), edition P. Villey et Saulnier, 1595

While all other creatures, natures has adorned them with shells, cloves, bark, fur, wool, spines, leather, hair, feathers, scales, fleeces or silk depending on what their being needs

scale (flat, hard part of an outer coating)

ce sont les escailles, dequoy nos ancestres avoient fort accoustumé de se servir

These are the armored plates our ancestors had the strong habit of using


enrichiment

enrichment (act of making something more enriched)


orfrais

French: orfroi


iaunisse

Trouvez du plaintain qui naisse sous une maison. Que celuy qui a la jaunisse pisse dessus par plusieurs fois, tant que la plante en meure. En mesure que elle en mourra, la iaunisse passera.

1601, Laurent Joubert, Isaac Joubert, La première et seconde partie des erreurs populaires, touchant la médecine & le régime de santé:

Find some plaintain that's been growing under a house. He who has the jaundices shall piss on it several times, until the plant dies from it. As it dies, the jaundice will pass.


islette

→ English: islet


menu vair

English: miniver


mulcte

First attested 1358, borrowed from Latin mulcta, a variant form of multa.


progeniteur

First known attestation 1347, borrowed from Latin prōgenitor.


predicat

→ English: predicate

French: prédicat

Vous voyez donc que c'est que un subiect maieur, & un mineur, & un predicat.

1571, Franc Sedile, Les sciences et secrets des arts, page 9:


Indois

head

Indois m (plural Indois, feminine singular Indoise, feminine plural Indoises)

Indois (plural)
Indoise (feminine singular)
Indoises (feminine plural)


pennache

desctree

French: panache
→ English: panache
→ Italian: panache
→ Romanian: panaș


heredité

[…] resoult qu'une heredité ne se peut recongnoistre ny accepter au nom d'un autre sans expres & special mandement

1580, Jean de Tournes, Trias judiciel du second notaire de Jean Papon, conseiller du roy, et lieutenant general au bailliage de Forestz. Seconde edition reveue & augmentee par l'autheur, page 112:

[…] resolved that the right to inherit cannot be recognised nor accepted in another's name except without a special, explicit command


estiquette

French: étiquette

English: etiquette

estiquier, variant of estacher (“to stick”) + -ette.


esmoy

French: émoi


morine

Old French murine, from the adjective murin, from the verb murir, morir (“to die”).


coronnel

→ English: coronel

⇒ English: colonel

→ Norman: coronel

→ Old Occitan: coronel

⇒ Occitan: coronèl, coronèu

→ Portuguese: coronel

→ Spanish: coronel

From Italian colonnello (“colonel; commanding officer of a column of soldiers who march at the head of a regiment”) from Old Italian colonnella (“small company or column of soldiers at the head of a regiment, commanded by a colonel”) via compagnia colonnella (literally “little column company”) from Medieval Latin colonellus; diminutives of colonna, from Latin columna (“pillar, column”), collateral form of columen, from Proto-Italic *kolamen, from Proto-Indo-European *kelH- (“to rise, be tall”). Compare French colonel, a later borrowing closer to the Italian source form.

der

colonel; a middle-ranking military officer


combinacion

combination (act; instance of combining)


traicté

From Old French traitié, from Latin tractatus, from tracto.


pacquage

packing (instance of putting into a container)


vixere

desctree

French: viscère m
→? Romanian: viscere n pl

Borrowed from Latin viscera n pl (first attested in the plural in 1478).

(anatomy, chiefly in the plural) viscera


boucquain

French: bouquin


boufon

→ English: buffoon

French: bouffon

Norman: bouffon


arbaleste

French: arbalète (see there for further descendants)

→ Occitan: arbalèta


augive

Old French oegive. More at French ogive.


athome

French: atome (see there for further descendants)

→ Middle English: attome
English: atom
Scots: atom

Borrowed from Latin atomus, itself borrowed from ἄτομος (átomos). The h is unetymological but not unprecedented in Middle French. Compare autheur (no h in the origin Latin auctor).

atom (in classical philosophy, a tiny indivisible unit)


accoustrement

accoustrer + -ment, from Old French acostrer from Vulgar Latin *accosturare (“sew up”), from Latin ad + consutura.


estiquet

→ English: ticket

(law) a slip of paper with names of witnesses on it


quiddité

14th century, borrowed from Latin quidditas.

en laquelle le propre essentiel, ou la quiddité (comme ils parlent) est dicte du subiect: il faut chercher une autre cause de necessité […]

1578, Francesco Giorgio, translated by Guy Le Fèvre de La Boderie, L'harmonie du monde divisé en trois cantiques, page 43:


diarrie

English: diarrhoea

French: diarrhée, diarrhœe (obsolete)
→ Dutch: diarree
→ Norwegian Bokmål: diaré
→ Norwegian Nynorsk: diaré
→ Romanian: diaree
→ Swedish: diarré

First known attestation 1372, borrowed from Latin diarrhoea.


systeme

French: système

First attested in 1552. Borrowed from Ancient Greek σύστημα (sústēma).


autompne

Et lautre en autompne cest assauoir en septembre ou en octobre par telle maniere q[ue] es lieux froiz la semee soit faicte plus meure et celle de printemps plus tard.

1486, Pietro de Crescenzi, Le livre des prouffits champestres et rurauls:

1503, Le guidon en francoys avec que les addicions en ung chacun principal chapitre selon Galien, Avicenne, Rasis, Halyabas, Arnauld de ville neuue, Salicet, Dinus de florence, Petrus de argisata, Lanfranc Thederic, & autres modernes; f.208v
Il est iuge aussi p[er] ypocras in sexto amphoris, que in ver & en autompne viennent le plus souuent.

Le riche Autompne/ ou na nul reuenir

1513, Jean Lemaire de Belges, Chermette de Latour, “La description du temple de Venus”, in Lepistre du roy a Hector de Troye, et aucunes aultres oeuures assez dignes de veoir:


escran

French: écran
→ Albanian: ekran
→ Azerbaijani: ekran
→ Bulgarian: екра́н (ekrán)
→ Crimean Tatar: ekran
→ Khmer: អេក្រង់ (eekrɑŋ)
→ Polish: ekran
→ Portuguese: ecrã, écran
→ Romanian: ecran
→ Russian: экран (ekran), экра́нъ (ekrán) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
→ Armenian: էկրան (ēkran)
→ Estonian: ekraan
→ Lithuanian: ekranas
→ Georgian: ეკრანი (eḳrani)
→ Kazakh: экран (ékran)
→ Uyghur: ئېكران (ëkran)
→ Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic script: екран
Latin script: ekran
→ Turkish: ekran
→ Ukrainian: екра́н (ekrán)

Old French, borrowed from Middle Dutch scherm.

screen (physical barrier for protection or to block out light)


costelette

French: côtelette (see there for further descendants)

Norman: côtelette

→ Galician: costeleta

First known attestation 1393, from coste + -elette.


preteur

French: préteur

praetor (consul in command of a Roman army)


tallent

ie voys bien que du baisier ne avez vous nul tallent

1488, Jean Dupré, Lancelot du Lac, page 17:

I see that you don't want to give me the kiss (I see well that of the kiss you have no desire)


tournoyement

French: tournoiement


tournoy

French: tournoi


hermitaige

French: ermitage


povreté

French: pauvreté


hebergement

French: hébergement


venoison

French: venaison


prael

French: préau

yard (enclosed area for a specific purpose)


vasselaige

French: vasselage

Old French vasselage. See vassal, -aige.

vassalhood (state, quality of being a vassal)


palefroy

French: palefroi

Old French palefrei, from Late Latin paraverēdus.


maleureux

head

maleureux m (plural maleureux, feminine singular maleureuse, feminine plural maleureuses)

maleureux (plural)
maleureuse (feminine singular)
maleureuses (feminine plural)

French: malheureux


liepart

French: léopard


signifiance

desc

French: signifiance (now literary or technical)

Old French senefiance, the signi- sequence being added back to more closely match the original Latin etymon significantia.

l'ermite […] dist a Monsieur Gauvain la signifiance du serpent

1488, Jean Dupré, Lancelot du Lac, page 33:

the hermit […] told Gawain the meaning of the serpent


iournee

French: journée


quartorze

French: quatorze


eschiquier

French: échiquier


delivrance

French: délivrance


mescreant

crestiens ou mescreans

1488, Jean Dupré, Lancelot du Lac, page 39:


crestien

head

crestien m (plural crestiens, feminine singular crestienne, feminine plural crestiennes)

crestiens (plural)
crestienne (feminine singular)
crestiennes (feminine plural)

French: chrétien, Chrétien

Old French chrestien < Latin christianus.

Christian (follower of the religion Christianity)


crouppe

French: croupe


eschine

French: échine


despit

French: dépit


achoison

From Old French achoison, achaison, ochoison, from Latin occasiō, occasiōnem, with the initial -a- due to influence from accusatiō (the Old French word in many cases having the sense of "accusation"); an alternative etymology is that it is a calque of Latin occasiō using achoir.


brefvet

French: brevet

Old French brevet, from bref (“letter”) + -et.


contreroleur

English: controller

French: contrôleur

account-keeper; one who keeps a register, and account, etc.


estendard

French: étendard


renommee

French: renommée

renoun; reputation (it has positive connotations)


souspir

French: soupir


pensionnier

→ English: pensioner


deshonneur

French: déshonneur

dishonor (disgrace; shameful state or situation)


justicerie

court (body capable of making legal rulings)


huisset

Old French uisset, from uis (“door”) + -et.


faulconnerie

French: fauconnerie

Borrowed from Medieval Latin falconaria.


posterité

→ English: posterity

French: postérité


pucellaige

→ English: pucelage

French: pucelage


pecheur

French: pécheur


delicatesse

French: délicatesse (see there for further descendants)

From delicat + -esse, probably modelled on Italian delicatezza.

Vegece (autrement gentil compaignon, & bien inſtruit à la guerre) veult lhomme de guerre eſtre nourry aux champs, et eſtoyent nourriz anciẽnement les enfans des Princes, aux champs, non en ceste delicateſſe des villes.

1547, Leon Ladulfi [pseudonym; Noël du Fail], “Maistre Leon Ladulfi, au lecteur salut”, in Propos rustiques, de maistre Leon Ladulfi champenois, Lyon: Par Iean de Tournes, page 9:


aulmosne

French: aumône


garroite

(late 14th century, very rare) Alternative form of carotte


uberté

→ English: uberty


garentissement

garentissement m (plural garentissemens)

oncques par les escus ne eurent garentissement

they didn't have any protection from their shields

protection (from harm, from danger, etc.)


taye

French: taie

→ Middle English: tay

Inherited from Old French teie, toie, from Latin tēca, variant of thēca, itself a borrowing from Ancient Greek.

cover for a duvet, a cushion, a pillow, etc.

(anatomy) the outer membrane of an organ


salvaige

the right to keep some salvaged items if properly reported to the authorities


Escoçois

Escoçois m (plural Escoçois, feminine singular Escoçoise, feminine plural Escoçoises)

Escoçois (plural)
Escoçoise (feminine singular)
Escoçoises (feminine plural)


ioyau

French: joyau


portement

Late Old French portement, from porter + -ment.


rongne

French: rogne


menestrier

French: ménétrier

Old French menestrier (first recorded attestation as menestrer), by suffix substitution with menestrel.


estrave

French: étrave

First known attestation 1573. Old French *estrave, a borrowing from Old Norse stafn. The technical nature of the word may explain why it is not attested earlier, as Old Norse had split into its daughter languages by 1573.


primogenit

primogenit m (plural primogenits, feminine singular primogenite, feminine plural primogenites)

primogenits (plural)
primogenite (feminine singular)
primogenites (feminine plural)


pousseis

1383-86, Froissart, Chroniques
Et la ot grant pousseis de lances, car ceulx qui estoient a cheval, aussi tost qu'ils furent a nous, ils misrent piet a terre et nous assaillirent fierement.

And there were great clashes of lances, for those who were on horseback, as soon as they were upon us, dismounted and assaulted us fiercely.


couillette

Escoute ça, couillette. Vids-tu oncques le froc du moine de Castres?
Listen, dickhead. Do you see the gown of the monk from Castres?

(vulgar, vocative) an insult, similar to couillon

Ie le veulx (respondit frere Ian) bien voluntiers, pour l’amour de toy couillette. Car ie t’ayme du bon du foye.

Yes, I want to, (replied friar Jan), willingly, for my love of you my little testicle. For I love you from the bottom of my liver.

(vulgar, vocative) in the following example, seems to be an affectionate if vulgar nickname


pecune

Late Old French pecuine (1308), borrowed from Latin pecunia.


astripotent

Je venere latrialement le supernel astripotent.

1534, François Rabelais, Gargantua and Pantagruel:


tartarin

First known attestation circa 1342 in Nouveau recueil de comptes de l'argenterie des rois de France. From tartar + -in.

expensive silk cloth from the Tartar region


pourcession

procession (people following one another in an organized fashion)


contrerole

Borrowed from Medieval Latin contrarotula.


voisinal

voisinal m (feminine singular voisinale, masculine plural voisinals, feminine plural voisinales)

voisinale (feminine singular)
voisinals (masculine plural)
voisinales (feminine plural)

From voisin + -al, or possibly from Vulgar Latin *vicīnālis. Displaced in Modern French by vicinal.


peuplaison

et la dite terre, toutes montagnes, meschant pays, sans point de peuplaison.

1529, John and Raoul Parmentier, Le discours de la navigation:


noirette

C'eſt vne petite noirette,
Non pas noirette, mais brunette, […]

1546, Guillaume Coquillart, Les oeuvres, nouvellement reueues et corrigees, page 182:

She is small with black hair,
Not black, but brown, […]


aisté

1549, Commentaires tres excellens de l'hystoire des plantes, Paris:


contoir

Le bras de la dicte lettre qui est plus large, la voye de volupté: & le bras plus estroit, la voye de vertuz, afin qu'en saciez un Festin pendu en l'estude & contoir de vostre bonne memoire, & vertueuse contemplation.

1549, Geoffroy Tory, L' art et la science de la vraye proportion des lettres attiques:


brenage

From Medieval Latin brenāgium, from brenna (“bran as dog food”) + -āgium. Equivalent to bren (“bran”) + -age.

A form of feudal tenure based on the payment of bran or other cereals to maintain the lord's hounds; land held under such tenure.


numerateur

French: numérateur

From Medieval Latin numerator, attested from 1484.


estoupail

English: estoppel (law)


ligeauté

the obligation of a vassal to his lord to be entirely faithful and loyal


shyvalere

And here on þͤ othir ſyde folowyth the moſte pytevous tale of the morte Arthure ſaunz Gwerdon · Ꝑ le ſhyvalere ẜ Thomᷓs Malleorre knyȝt

1470–1483 (date produced), Thom̃s Malleorre [i.e., Thomas Malory], “[Launcelot and Guinevere]”, in Le Morte Darthur (British Library Additional Manuscript 59678) (in Middle English), [England: s.n.], folio 449, recto, lines 18–21:

And here on the other side followeth the most piteous tale of the mort d’Arthur sans guerdon, par le chevalier Sir Thomas Malory, knight.


pastenaille

French: pastenade, patenais

→ German: Pastiney, Pastinei

→ Ottoman Turkish: پاستنای (pastinay)

From Old Occitan pastenaga (“carrot”), from Latin pastināca. Doublet of panais from Old French pasnaie.


ostacle

Je tien que Dieu nous monsterra
(Met cy) par elle aucun miracle
De fait, qui m' est encore ostacle
Et non sceu.

1371, Miracle de la fille du roy d'Hongrie:


bombasin

desc

→ French: bombasin, bombasine, bombazine

→ English: bombazine

→ Dutch: bombazijn

From Italian bambagine, bambagia (“cotton”), from Late Latin Bambax, from Ancient Greek βόμβυξ (bómbux, “silkworm”); compare bombyx.


crevecœur

French: crève-cœur

Dictionnaire de la langue française
Émile Littré


tremblay

French: Tremblay, tremblaye


trouveresse

female equivalent of trouveur (finder; inventor).


maudition

French: maudition


mathematique

head

mathematique m or f (plural mathematiques)


mathematique

French: mathématique

Jacques de Voragine, La légende dorée

science mathematique
science mathematique#Middle_French

ellipsis of science mathematique: mathematics


practicien

desctree

French: praticien
→ Romanian: practician

→ English: practician


langue de cerf

head

langue de cerf f (plural langue de cerfs)

French: langue de cerf

langue + de + cerf. Mentioned in Olivier de Serres' Théâtre d'Agriculture et mesnage des champs (1600).

Asplenium scolopendrium
Asplenium scolopendrium#Translingual

Synonym of scolopendre (“hart's-tongue fern (Asplenium scolopendrium)”)

scolopendre

Dictionnaire de la langue française
Olivier de Serres
Émile Littré


aggresseur

aggresseur m (plural aggresseurs, feminine singular aggresseuse, feminine plural aggresseuses)

aggresseurs (plural)
aggresseuse (feminine singular)
aggresseuses (feminine plural)

French: agresseur


quantiesme

French: quantième

(interrogative) which day (of the month)


ouvé

Coordinate term: laictié m (“milt”)

Item, des brochets, le laictié vault mieulx que l’ouvé, se ce n’est quant l’en veult faire rissolles, pour ce que des œuvés l’en fait rissolles, ut patet in tabula.

1393, anonymous author, edited by Baron Jérome-Frédéric Pichon, Le Ménagier de Paris, tome II, Paris: Imprimerie de Crapelet for La Société des bibliophiles françois, published 1846, distinction ii, article iv, « Termes généraux de cuisine », page 88:


dedalus

French: dédale

After Dédale (“Daedalus”), who built the Cretan Labyrinth in Greek mythology, from Latin Daedalus, from Ancient Greek Δαίδαλος (Daídalos).


laperiau

Alternative form of lapereau (“young rabbit”)


victeur

victeur m (plural victeurs, feminine singular victrice, feminine plural victrices)

victeurs (plural)
victrice (feminine singular)
victrices (feminine plural)


peripherie

French: périphérie

→ English: periphery


bascle

Adonc fina a tant leur parlement, et pristrent la saisine du chastel, et puis ordonne rent de mettre et laissier dedens gens d’armes et garnison pour le garder, et passerent oultre en entencion de venir devant la ville et chastel de Cruvale, dont Espaignolet de Paperan, Bascles, estoit capitaine, avec lui grant foison de pillars et de robeurs.

(Can we date this quote?) [c. 1400], Jean Froissart, edited by Ainsworth, Peter, and Godfried Croenen..., Froissart's Chronicles (html), Online Froissart Project, published 2013?, MS Besançon 865, SHF edition chapter 3-53, page folio 249v:

Si tost qu’on yst hors du paÿs de Berne, on entre ou paÿs des Bascles, ouquel paÿs le roy d’Angleterre tient grant terre en l’archevesquié de Bourdiaux et en l’evesquié de Bayonne; si ques les Basclois qui se tiennent et tenoient lors du roy d’Angleterre, ... Si envoierent a Orthais quatre hommes, lesquelz estoient chargiéz depar tout le demourant du paÿs pour faire le appaisement. Ces quattre hommes de Bascle compterent a Ernauton du Puy,...Cest Arnoulton du Puy leur ayda a faire ceulx de Bascle leur traittiéz, et payerent tout comptant deux mille francs,

(Can we date this quote?) [c. 1400], Jean Froissart, edited by Ainsworth, Peter, and Godfried Croenen, Froissart's Chronicles (html), Online Froissart Project, published 2013?, MS Paris fr. 2560, SHF edition chapter 3-147, page folio 171v:

Et passerent oultre le comble de Pampelune et les montaignes de Raincevaulx, et entrerent en Bascle et cheminerent tant que ilz vindrent a Bayonne.

idem, MS Besançon 865, SHF edition chapter 3-268


basclois

si ques les Basclois qui se tiennent et tenoient lors du roy d’Angleterre, ou bien sont quatre vintgs clockes, villes a clocquiers, entendirent que le passaige seroit parmy leur paÿs, si se doubterent grandement des Franchois et de estre tout courru et ars et esseilliet;


extremite

desctree

French: extrémité f
→ Romanian: extremitate f

Etymology tree
Latin extrēmus
Latin -tās
Latin extrēmitāsbor.
Old French estremité
Middle French extremiteInherited from Old French estremité, borrowed from Latin extrēmitās, from extrēmus + -tās.