y

Or me dictes fist Lancelot, des lettres qui illec sont escriptes, savez vous qui les y fist mettre

1488, Jean Dupré, Lancelot du Lac, page 12:

Now tell me, said Lancelot, about these letters that are written here, do you know who put them here?


ia

French: jà (obsolete)

le Roi Artus estoit ia couché

1488, Jean Dupré, Lancelot du Lac, page 61:


tout

head

tout (feminine singular toute, masculine plural tous, feminine plural toutes)

toute (feminine singular)
tous (masculine plural)
toutes (feminine plural)

French: tout

Et moult y avoit de gens tout autour pour regarder la iustice de la damoiselle

1488, Jean Dupré, Lancelot du Lac, page 45:

And there were many people all around to watch the justice afforded to the lady


bien

French: bien

well (in a positive way; in a way that meets or exceeds expectations)


mal

French: mal


ore

French: or

des choses lesquelles nous ne conterons pas ore

15th century, Rustichello da Pisa (original author), Mazarine Master (scribe), The Travels of Marco Polo, page 4, line 2:


ne

Ha ha pourdieu franc chevalier et preux ne me occisez mie

1488, Jean Dupré, Lancelot du Lac, page 22:

Ha! For the love of God honest and valiant knight, don't kill me!

et ne m'advint oncques de mentir ou asseurer chose que ne feust veritable

It never happened to me to lie or to assure someone of something that wasn't truthful

Catherine de Médicis, ne tarda pas à faire venir auprès de lui, en 1561, sa femme et ses enfants.

1562, Henry IV of France, Lettres Missives:

Catherine of Medicis did not hesitate to bring to him, in 1561, his wife and his children


la

French: là


si

French: si


pou

French: peu


ainsi

French: ainsi


où

French: où

From Old French ou, from Latin ubi. The grave accent was added in Middle French to differentiate from ou (“or”).


là

(late Middle French) Alternative form of la (there; at a given location)


dehors

French: dehors


assez

French: assez


trop

French: trop


moult

French: moult

From Old French molt, mout, from Latin multus.


ailleurs

French: ailleurs


quand

French: quand


n'

(before vowel sound) Apocopic form of ne


icy

French: ici


environ

il regarda environ soy

1488, Jean Dupré, Lancelot du Lac, page 23:


tant

French: tant


ores

French: ores, or


incontinent

French: incontinent

Borrowed from Latin incontinens, incontinentem, from in + continens.


lors

French: lors

From Old French lors, from Vulgar Latin illā hōrā.


estrangement

French: étrangement


huy

French: hui (obsolete)


encores

French: encore

Old French encor and its variant spellings.

still (in a continuing way; without stopping)


cy

French: ci


desia

French: déjà

Le pauvre Monsieur du Pape meurt desia de peur.

The poor Pope is already dying from fear.


trés

desctree

French: très
→ Esperanto: tre
→ Ido: tre


aprés

French: après (see there for further descendants)

Yvain […] s'en alla aprez le geyant

1488, Jean Dupré, Lancelot du Lac, page 25:


apertement

French: apertement

openly; in a way that is not covert or hidden


mesme

French: même (see there for further descendants)

Et de ces viles ames de bouffons il s'en est trouvé qui n'ont voulu abandonner leur gaudisserie en la mort mesme

And of these vile idiots there are even some who didn't want to give up their luxuries, even for death


onques

French: onques

ne pouvant rien refuser au commandement du meilleur pere qui fut onques

1595, Michel de Montaigne, Essais, book II, chapter 12:

Not being able to refuse the request of the greatest father who ever was

(with ne) never (not at any point in time)


poinct

French: point

Norwegian Bokmål: poeng

Altered to reflect the Latin etymology, from Old French point, from Latin punctus.

(with ne) not (indicates negation of a verb)


finable

French: final

From Old French final. The origin of the b is uncertain.


exceptez

French: excepté


toutesfoys

French: toutefois


defors

French: dehors

From Old French defors, from Vulgar Latin dē forīs, from Latin dē + forīs (“outdoors”).


neantmoins

Lancelot neantmoins mist la main a l'espee en lui donnant de grans coupz

1488, Jean Dupré, Lancelot du Lac, page 2:

Lancelot nevertheless put his hand on his sword and gave it some heavy blows


foiblement

French: faiblement


loing

French: loin


vitement

French: vitement


voluntiers

French: volontiers


doncques

French: donc

From Old French donkes, from Vulgar Latin *dunquam.


soubtz

From Old French souz, with the letters bt added back to reflect the Latin subtus.


maintefoys

Old French maintes foiz, see maint, foys.


seullement

French: seulement


iamays

French: jamais

From Old French jamés (“ever; never”), from Latin iam (“already”) with magis (“more”).

Et cellui me dist que ie le cherchasse se iamais y voulloye riens recouvrer

1488, Jean Dupré, Lancelot du Lac, page 27:

And he said to me to look for him if ever I wanted to recover anything from there


voicy

French: voici


quelquefoys

French: quelquefois


facillement

French: facilement


devant que

mais, devant que partir, fut adverty que grosse et enorme cloche estoit à Sainct Aignan

but, before leaving, he was told that a massive and enormous bell was at Saint Aignan


voylà

French: voilà


vrayement

French: vraiment

From Old French veraiement, see vraye + -ment.


profundement

Old French parfondement, corresponding to profunde + -ment.


soubdain

French: soudain

Soubdain ie me advise de mes lardons, & les leur gettoys au meillieu d'entre eulx


tousiours

French: toujours


par dessoubz

French: par dessous


depuys

French: depuis


mesmement

French: mêmement (literary or obsolete)


publicquement

French: publiquement


doulcement

French: doucement

Old French dolcement, corresponding to doulce + -ment.


parfondement

French: profondément

[I]lz en sentissent rien tant ilz ronfloient & dormoient parfondement.

They didn't feel anything, for they were snoring and sleeping so deeply


finablement

French: finalement

Finablement voyant que tous estoient mors, getta le corps de Loupgarou

Finally seeing that they were all dead, [he] threw the body of Loupgarou


habillement

French: habilement

Comment Epistemon qui avoit la teste tranchée, fut guery habillement par Panurge.

How Epistemon who had his head cut off was adroitly cured by Panurge


aultresfoys

French: autrefois


poy plus poy moins

Mais sus tout avoit la queue horrible, car elle estoit, poy plus poy moins, grosse comme la pile Sainct Mars

But underneath everything, she [the mare] had a horrible tail, for it was, more or less, as big as […]

(idiomatic) more or less; roughly; approximately


poy

French: peu


voyre

French: voire


plustost

French: plutôt


adoncques

French: adonc

Adoncques partirent luy et Prelinguand, escuyer de Vauguyon, et sans effroy espierent de tous coustez

So he and Prelinguand, the shield-bearer of Vauguyon, left and without fear they looked from every side.


davantaige

French: davantage


droict

French: droit

⇒ French: adroit
→ English: adroit
→ German: adrett
→ Danish: adræt

From Old French droit, dreit, from Latin d(i)rectus, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *reg-, whence also English right. The -c- was added back to reflect the Latin etymology.

C'est (respondit Carpalim) droict visé a ma visiere.

1552, François Rabelais, Le Tiers Livre:

It's (Carpalim replied) aimed right at my visor


davant

French: devant


tyrannicquement

French: tyranniquement

tyrannically (in the manner of a tyrant)


voluntaire

From late Old French voluntaire, borrowed from Latin voluntarius.

Se donna mancipe et serf voluntaire, soy et sa posterité

Ie t'ay nourry, non seulement Pourtant
Que ie t'ay mois, mais tu m'estois portant
Si grand Amour, qu’il estoit impossible
Qu'on te rendist voluntaire et flexible,
A rien qui fust, si de moy ne venoit.

1552, Homer, translated by Hugues Salel, Les Dix Premiers Livres de l'Iliade d’Homère:


auiourd'huy

French: aujourd’hui


soubdainement

French: soudainement


aultrement

French: autrement

From Old French autrement. Synchronically aultre + -ment.


peut estre

French: peut-être


pudicquement

French: pudiquement


hyer

French: hier


ayseement

French: aisément


aiseement

French: aisément


pourveu que

French: pourvu que


esgalement

French: également


assés

French: assez


uniement

French: uniment


guiere

French: guère

From Old French gaire, from Frankish *waigaro (“a lot”).


ainsin

French: ainsi


dessoubs

Old French desous, with the b added back to reflect the Vulgar Latin de subtus.


artistement

French: artistement

1600, Olivier de Serres, Le Théâtre d'Agriculture et Mesnage des Champs, 1996 ed., Paris: Actes Sud, 631, →ISBN
Les bancs pour asseoir les rusches, seront artistement bastis, à ce qu'elles y reposent seurement.

(please add an English translation of this quotation)


droictement

il cheut droictement sur la teste

1595, Michel de Montaigne, Essais, book II, chapter 3:


faucement

French: faussement


aysement

French: aisément


esperduement

French: éperdument

il devint si esperduement espris de l’amour forcené de ce sien ouvrage, qu’il falut, qu’en faveur de sa rage les dieux la luy vivifiassent

1595, Michel de Montaigne, Essais, book II, chapter 8:


parfaictement

French: parfaitement

perfectly (in a perfect way; without errors)


principallement

French: principalement


meschammant

French: méchamment


coustumierement

French: coutumièrement


vifvement

French: vivement


moderéement

French: modérément


encoires

French: encore

l'enfant estoit encoires jeune assés


saulfvement

French: sauvement


plainement

plainly; without ambiguity or dishonestly


oultre

French: outre


granment

French: grandement

grandement

'grandement' supersedes 'granment' during the Middle French period


illec

Or me dictes fist Lancelot, des lettres qui illec sont escriptes, savez vous qui les y fist mettre

Now tell me, said Lancelot, about these letters that are written here, do you know who put them here?


mallement

unfortunately (in a manner which is unfortunate)

lui demanderent s'il estoit mallement blecé

1488, Jean Dupré, Lancelot du Lac, page 76:

[they] asked him if he was badly injured


voulentiers

French: volontiers


ceans

French: céans

ie te rendray cellui que tu es ceans venu querre

1488, Jean Dupré, Lancelot du Lac, page 32:

I will give to you the one you came here to look for


iadiz

French: jadis


ainçois

aincois

some manuscripts do not use the character ç


desormais

French: désormais


quittement

Old French quitement, from quite (“quits”) + -ment.

unconditionally; without the imposition conditions


couvertement

& y viengne si couvertement que nulluy ne le congnoisse

1488, Jean Dupré, Lancelot du Lac, page 57:

And he came so covertly that nobody recognized him


grievement

French: grièvement

Old French griefment, equivalent to grieve + -ment.


mot a mot

French: mot à mot


a son escient

Beaux seigneurs vous scavez bien que la coustume de ceans est telle que nous devons eslire cellui a nostre escient qui le mieulx a fait au tournoiement.

1488, Jean Dupré, Lancelot du Lac, page 59:

Good sirs, you know very well that our custom is that we have to choose who, to the best of our knowledge, has performed the best in the tournament.

to the best of one's knowledge
to the best of one's knowledge

to one's knowledge; to the best of one's knowledge


pieça

French: piéça


appertement

ostez vostre heaulme de vostre teste si que ie vous voye appertement

1488, Jean Dupré, Lancelot du Lac, page 65:

take your helmet off your head so that I can see you openly


meshuy

mes + huy (from Latin magis and hodie respectively).


gueres

French: guère, guères


trestout

head

trestout m (masculine plural trestous, feminine singular trestoute, feminine plural trestoutes)

trestous (masculine plural)
trestoute (feminine singular)
trestoutes (feminine plural)


toutesvoies

toutes (“all”) + voies (“routes; paths”), although may be due to confusion with toutesfoys.