proclamer

proclamer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
proclamant (gerund participle present)

French: proclamer

From Old French proclamer, borrowed from Latin prōclāmō, prōclāmāre.


apertement

French: apertement

openly; in a way that is not covert or hidden


ouyr

French: ouïr (dated)

[…] et puis se retira quant messieurs de la court se vindrent asseoir pour ouyr messe.

[…] and then left when the gentlemen of the court came to listen to mass.


couillu

French: couillu

Tous deux me semblent autrement bons compaignons et bien couilluz.

1552, François Rabelais, “Prologue”, in Le Quarte Livre:

They both otherwise seem good companions and very ballsy to me.


pensif

head

pensif m (feminine singular pensifve, masculine plural pensifs, feminine plural pensifves)

pensifve (feminine singular)
pensifs (masculine plural)
pensifves (feminine plural)


bastiment

French: bâtiment

Old French bastissement, from bastir + -ment


enrichissement

enrichissement m (plural enrichissemens)


philosophique

philosophique m or f (plural philosophiques)


bastir

French: bâtir

D'iceulx fauldroit bastir les murailles en les arrangeant en bonne symmetrie d'architecture, & mettant les plus grans au premiers rancz, et puis en taluant à doz d'asne arrangeant les moyens & finablement les petitz.

From this, we would have to build the walls with a good symmetrical architecture, putting the biggest ones at the bottom, and then by mounting the back of an ass, the middle-sized one and finally the smallest ones.


-amment

courant → couramment

Variant of -ment appended to adjectives ending with -ant.


reliquaire

1596, Lettres du Iappon de l'an M. D. XCVI.
Le diable sentant approcher le reliquaire, commença à ietter de grands cris, & se tourmenter horriblement, disant, Laisse moy, ie sçay bien que tu es Chrestien.

The devil feeling the reliquary approaching started to cry out, and in horrible agony said "leave me alone, I know that you are Christian."


abbaïe

French: abbaye


asne

French: âne

From Old French asne, from Latin asinus.


dangier

French: danger
→ Esperanto: danĝero


mesme

French: même (see there for further descendants)

Et de ces viles ames de bouffons il s'en est trouvé qui n'ont voulu abandonner leur gaudisserie en la mort mesme

And of these vile idiots there are even some who didn't want to give up their luxuries, even for death


mesler

mesler (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
meslant (gerund participle present)

French: mêler

(reflexive, se mesler) to get involved with


onques

French: onques

ne pouvant rien refuser au commandement du meilleur pere qui fut onques

1595, Michel de Montaigne, Essais, book II, chapter 12:

Not being able to refuse the request of the greatest father who ever was

(with ne) never (not at any point in time)


forcené

forcené m (feminine singular forcenee, masculine plural forcenez, feminine plural forcenees)

forcenee (feminine singular)
forcenez (masculine plural)
forcenees (feminine plural)

French: forcené


siecle

desctree

French: siècle, siecle (obsolete)
Haitian Creole: syèk
Swedish: sekel

Norman: siaeclle (Guernsey), siècl'ye (Jersey)


constraindre

English: constrain

French: contraindre

From Old French constraindre, constreindre, contraindre, from Latin constringo, constringere.

Dieu m'y a tel-icy, constraindre, par force de prince, se quelques uns qui vous parlent, que la soumectre au joug de leur merite!

1586, Henri IV of France, Lettres Missives:


Amiens

French: Amiens

1360s, Jean Froissart, Chroniques de J. Froissart, 1870 ed., Paris: Jules Renoir, book I, p. 96

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

Depuis se jeua, esbati et demora li rois d'Engleterre avoecques le roy de France en le cité d'Amiens.

Amiens (the capital city of the modern Somme department, in the modern region of Hauts-de-France, France)


chastier

French: chastier

From Old French chastier, from Latin castīgō, castīgāre.


estoffer

estoffer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
estoffant (gerund participle present)

French: étoffer


boute

French: botte


aler

aler (infinitive)
estre + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
alant (gerund participle present)


presidial

head

presidial m (feminine singular presidiale, masculine plural presidiaulx, feminine plural presidiales)

presidiale (feminine singular)
presidiaulx (masculine plural)
presidiales (feminine plural)

First known attestation 1435, borrowed from Latin praesidialis.

of or relating to a court having the ability to make a judgment of up to 250 pounds without the possibility of appeal


billette

French: billette


gesir

French: gésir


vestement

French: vêtement


gaber

gaber (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
gabant (gerund participle present)


retraindre

French: restreindre, rétraindre (archaic), retraindre (archaic)


saillir

French: saillir

From Old French salir, from Latin salīre, present active infinitive of saliō.

faisant saillir le sang des chairs

1488, Jean Dupré, Lancelot du Lac, page 15:

making the blood fly through the air out of their flesh

(figuratively) to fly through the air, to get knocked into the air


prest

French: prêt


poinct

Altered to reflect the Latin etymology, from Old French point, from Latin punctus.

Voy cy bien un aultre poinct, lequel ne consyderez.

1552, François Rabelais, Le Tiers Livre:

Here's another point that you're not considering.


poinct

French: point

Norwegian Bokmål: poeng

(with ne) not (indicates negation of a verb)


preudomme

French: prud’homme


resver

resver (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
resvant (gerund participle present)

French: rêver


Jehan

French: Jean

Inherited from Old French Jehan, from Latin Iōhannēs.

a male given name, alternative form of Iehan.


haster

haster (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
hastant (gerund participle present)

Ils disent, que le Philosophe Stilpon aggravé de vieillesse, hasta sa fin à escient, par le breuvage de vin pur

1595, Michel de Montaigne, Essais, book II, chapter 2:

they said that the philosopher Stilpon, under the influence of old age, knowingly hurried along the end of his life by drinking pure wine


estoient

third-person plural imperfect indicative of estre


estoit

third-person singular imperfect indicative of estre


parquoy

French: pourquoi


haras

comme nous assignons au haras les bestes qui sont de moindre estime.


pressentiment

First known attestation 1572, from pressentir + -ment.


Sarrazin

From Ancient Greek Σαρακηνός (Sarakēnós).


espee

French: épée

→ English: epee


oistre

French: huître

Norman: hitre


finable

French: final

From Old French final. The origin of the b is uncertain.


desfaire

desfaire (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
desfaisant (gerund participle present)

French: défaire


valee

French: vallée


haraz

French: haras


reguarder

reguarder (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
reguardant (gerund participle present)

→ English: regard

French: regarder


croyre

French: croire


esveiller

esveiller (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
esveillant (gerund participle present)

French: éveiller

(by extension, figuratively) to awaken (make someone aware of something)


cler

cler m (feminine singular clere, masculine plural clers, feminine plural cleres)

clere (feminine singular)
clers (masculine plural)
cleres (feminine plural)

French: clair

From Old French cler, from Latin clārus.

L'obscur m'est cler, et la lumiere obscure.

The dark is clear to me, the light is dark


garnir

French: garnir (see there for further descendants)

Guy de Trimouille fist tres richemment garnir la nef ou son corps devoit passer

Guy de Trimouille richly decorated the boat where his body should lay


guarnir

Alternative form of garnir (“to decorate, garnish”)


ũ

aulcũ (aulcun)

tũber (tumber)

The letter u with a tilde. Used to replace the sequence un or um.


ermite

French: ermite

From Old French eremite, borrowed from Ecclesiastical Latin, borrowed from Late Latin erēmīta, from Ancient Greek ἐρημίτης (erēmítēs).


vengier

vengier (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
vengeant (gerund participle present)

French: venger


espier

espier (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
espiant (gerund participle present)


escarlate

French: écarlate


chaloir

French: chaloir

From Old French chaloir, from earlier chaleir, from Latin calēre, present active infinitive of caleō (“to heat”).

(reflexive, se chaloir) to bother, to worry


senestre

French: senestre, sénestre, senêtre


roy

desctree

French: roi, roy (obsolete) (pre-1800)
Antillean Creole: wa
Guianese Creole: rwè
Haitian Creole: wa
(perhaps) ⇒ Haitian Creole: lwa
→ English: loa
Karipúna Creole French: hué
Louisiana Creole: rwa
Seychellois Creole: lerwa

From Old French roi, from earlier rei, from Latin rēgem.


pleindre

French: plaindre


ardoir

(transitive) Alternative form of ardre (“burn (set on fire)”)


nonchaloir

French: nonchaloir


representer

representer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
representant (gerund participle present)

French: représenter

Tel estoit le brevaige contenu dedans la couppe de Tantalus representé par figures entre les saiges Brachmanes.


porsuivre

French: poursuivre


evesque

French: évêque
Haitian Creole: evèk
→ Khmer: អេវ៉េគ (ʼeeveek)
→ Malagasy: eveka


honeste

French: honête

Old French honeste, oneste, from Latin honestus

De l’utile et de l’honeste


prouesse

(usually in the singular) prowess; bravery; valiance


tesmoing

French: témoin


verité

French: vérité


anglet

angle (“corner”) + -et (diminutive suffix).


Grece

Southeast Europe
Southeast Europe#English


besoing

French: besogne


couster

couster (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
coustant (gerund participle present)

French: coûter

(figuratively) to cost (bring about the loss of something)


congié

French: congé


revertir

(intransitive) to return (go back whence one came)


coustume

French: coutume, coûtume (dated spelling)
→ Danish: kutyme
→ Esperanto: kutimo

PIE word
 *ḱóm
 PIE word
 *swé
From Old French coustume.

Beaux seigneurs vous scavez bien que la coustume de ceans est telle que nous devons eslire cellui a nostre escient qui le mieulx a fait au tournoiement.

1488, Jean Dupré, Lancelot du Lac, page 59:

Good sirs, you know very well that our custom is that we have to choose who, to the best of our knowledge, has performed the best in the tournament.


poulmon

Latin pulmo, from Ancient Greek πνεύμων (pneúmōn)


espouser

espouser (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
espousant (gerund participle present)

French: épouser

From Old French espouser, from Latin spōnsāre, present active infinitive of spōnsō.


cerchier

cerchier (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
cerchant (gerund participle present)


chevauchier

chevauchier (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
chevauchant (gerund participle present)

French: chevaucher

Lancelot qui fut entré en la forest chevaucha tout le iour sans boire & sans menger

1488, Jean Dupré, Lancelot du Lac, page 71:

Lancelot, who entered in to the forest, rode the entire day without drinking or eating

en chevauchant ung moult estroit sentier

1488, Jean Dupré, Lancelot du Lac, page 32:

while navigating a very narrow path on horseback


croistre

French: croître


varieté

variety (stated of being varied; assortment of varied things)


hideux

head

hideux m (feminine singular hideuse, masculine plural hideux, feminine plural hideuses)

hideuse (feminine singular)
hideux (masculine plural)
hideuses (feminine plural)

French: hideux


postillon

1560, Clement Marot, Œuvres de Clement Marot
Là vint un postillion
Qui m'aportoit guillon


voiant

voiant (feminine singular voiante, masculine plural voians, feminine plural voiantes)

voiante (feminine singular)
voians (masculine plural)
voiantes (feminine plural)

(may be preceded by en, invariable) gerund of veoir


encontrer

encontrer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
encontrant (gerund participle present)

tant chevaucha qu'il encontra ung chevalier

1488, Jean Dupré, Lancelot du Lac, page 38:

when he got on his horse, he met a knight


moustrer

moustrer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
moustrant (gerund participle present)


aymer

aymer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
aymant (gerund participle present)

French: aimer


foet

French: fouet


escrier

escrier (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
escriant (gerund participle present)

French: écrier


soustenir

French: soutenir


Yvain

Borrowed from Old Welsh [Term?] Owain (“born of yew”).


desarmer

desarmer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
desarmant (gerund participle present)

se desarmerent

1488, Jean Dupré, Lancelot du Lac, page 4:

they put down their weapons (they disarmed themselves)


tourment

French: tourment

From Old French torment, from Latin tormentum.


tourmenter

tourmenter (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
tourmentant (gerund participle present)


ardre

French: ardre (archaic)


meslee

French: mêlée

→ English: melee

battle; fight; confrontation (medieval confrontation)


souspirer

souspirer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
souspirant (gerund participle present)

French: soupirer

From Old French souspirer, from Latin suspīrāre, present active infinitive of suspīrō.


espargner

espargner (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
espargnant (gerund participle present)

French: épargner


espice

French: épice


nigromancie

Blend of Latin niger (“black”) + necromantīa (“magic involving the dead”)


Alemant

Alemant m (plural Alemans, feminine singular Alemante, feminine plural Alemantes)

Alemans (plural)
Alemante (feminine singular)
Alemantes (feminine plural)

French: Allemand

From Old High German Alaman, via Late Latin Alemannus.

a German; someone from the territory that is now called Germany


eslire

French: élire


pionnier

Il s'estoit rompu une cheville du pied […] on luy envoia un pionnier pour le secourir.

1581, Henri Lancelot-Voisin de La Popelinière, L'Histoire de France, enrichie des plus notables occurrences survenues ez provinces de l'Europe et pays voisins... depuis l'an 1550 jusques à ces temps, page 235:

He broke an ankle […] they sent him an infantryman to secure him.


estant

estant (feminine singular estante, masculine plural estans, feminine plural estantes)

estante (feminine singular)
estans (masculine plural)
estantes (feminine plural)

(may be preceded by en, invariable) gerund of estre


paindre

French: peindre


estage

desctree

French: étage
→ Czech: etáž
→ Bulgarian: етаж (etaž)
→ Danish: etage
→ Dutch: etage
→ Esperanto: etaĝo
→ German: Etage
Norwegian:
→ Norwegian Bokmål: etasje
→ Norwegian Nynorsk: etasje
→ Romanian: etaj
→ Russian: этаж (etaž)

sur lequel engien avoit trois estages, et sur chascun estage povoient vingt arbalestriers

Upon which contraption there were three levels, and upon each level twenty crossbowmen could fit

rent (money paid for the hiring of a property)


legier

head

legier m (feminine singular legiere, masculine plural legiers, feminine plural legieres)

legiere (feminine singular)
legiers (masculine plural)
legieres (feminine plural)

desctree

French: léger
Louisiana Creole: léjé
→ Ido: lejera
→ Portuguese: ligeiro
→ Romanian: lejer

From Old French legier, from Vulgar Latin *leviārius, from *levius + -ārius, the former element representing an alteration of Latin levis (“lightweight”). Compare Catalan lleuger, Occitan leugièr.


delivrer

delivrer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
delivrant (gerund participle present)

car moult sont fort ioyeux de ce que Dieu les a ainsi delivrez par Lancelot

1488, Jean Dupré, Lancelot du Lac, page 36:

for they were very much joyous that God had allowed them to be saved by Lancelot


superseder

superseder (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
supersedant (gerund participle present)

Sa Majesté le pria de superseder cette resolution, luy promettant de retourner bien tost.

1608, Martin Fumée, Histoire Generalle Des Troubles De Hongrie Et Transilvanie, page 296:

His Majesty implored him to postpone this resolution, promising him to return soon.


soumectre

soumectre (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
soumectant (gerund participle present)

French: soumettre

Dieu m'y a tel-icy, constraindre, par force de prince, se quelques uns qui vous parlent, que la soumectre au joug de leur merite!


Françoys

head

Françoys m (plural Françoys, feminine singular Françoyse, feminine plural Françoyses)

Françoys (plural)
Françoyse (feminine singular)
Françoyses (feminine plural)


Normant

Normant m (feminine singular Normande, masculine plural Normans, feminine plural Normandes)

Normande (feminine singular)
Normans (masculine plural)
Normandes (feminine plural)


rere

From Old French rere, from Latin rādere, present active infinitive of rādō.


estroit

estroit m (feminine singular estroite, masculine plural estrois, feminine plural estroites)

estroite (feminine singular)
estrois (masculine plural)
estroites (feminine plural)

French: étroit

From Old French estroit, from Latin strictus.


decevoir

French: décevoir


naistre

French: naître, naitre


autruy

French: autrui


Got

Goth (member of an ancient Germanic tribe)


hault

hault m (feminine singular haulte, masculine plural hauls, feminine plural haultes)

haulte (feminine singular)
hauls (masculine plural)
haultes (feminine plural)

French: haut

From Old French haut, halt, from a conflation of Latin altus and Frankish *hauh, *hōh (“high, tall, elevated”).


exceptez

French: excepté


impetueux

impetueux m (feminine singular impetueuse, masculine plural impetueux, feminine plural impetueuses)

impetueuse (feminine singular)
impetueux (masculine plural)
impetueuses (feminine plural)

Old French impetueux, from Late Latin impetuōsus (“violent”), from Latin impetus (“violence”).

un vent impetueux


rolle

→ English: roll

desctree

French: rôle
→ Catalan: rol
→ English: role
→ Spanish: rol
→ Greek: ρόλος (rólos)
→ Persian: رل (rol)
→ Turkish: rol

→ German: Rolle

Borrowed from Medieval Latin rollus, corresponding to Late Latin rotulus, or from rotula, diminutive of rota.

Mais a ce dernier rolle de la mort et de nous, il n'y a plus que faindre, il faut parler François, il faut montrer ce qu'il y a de bon et de net dans le fond du pot

role (function or position of something)


esloigner

esloigner (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
esloignant (gerund participle present)

French: éloigner

(reflexive, s'esloignier) to move away from


froit

head

froit m (feminine singular froide, masculine plural frois, feminine plural froides)

froide (feminine singular)
frois (masculine plural)
froides (feminine plural)


froit

French: froid


sçavoir

sçavoir (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
sçavant (gerund participle present)

From Old French savoir, with the inserted ⟨ç⟩ based on an incorrect assumption that the word derives from Latin scīre.


sçavoir

car leur sçavoir n'estoit que besterie et leur sapience n'estoit que moufles

for their knowledge was just nonsense and their wisdom was just waffle.


Surie

(historical) Syria (an ancient region in the Levant in Western Asia, roughly coextensive with the modern country of Syria)

(historical) Syria (an ancient Roman province between 64 BCE and 135 CE)


voiage

French: voyage

From Old French voiage, viage, veiage, from Latin viaticum.


estude

French: étude


plenté

French: pleinté


royaulme

French: royaume


resumer

resumer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
resumant (gerund participle present)

to resume (to continue with a task (etc.) one had stopped)


fruict

French: fruit
Haitian Creole: fwi

From Old French fruit, with the c added back to reflect the Latin fructus.


archier

French: archer


avette

From Old French ef (“bee”), with the diminutive ending -ette.

Lors que les papillons et les blondes avettes
Les uns chargez au bec, le autres aus cuissettes,

1560, Pierre Ronsard, Pièces ajoutées aux Amours:


prester

prester (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
prestant (gerund participle present)

French: prêter

From Old French prester. Cognate with Norman prêter and borrowed Middle English prest (whence English prest).


mes-

From Old French, from Proto-Germanic *missa- (“badly”). Cognates include English mis- and Dutch mis-.


enfleure

French: enflure

From Old French enfleure, equivalent to enfler + -eure.


vaquer

vaquer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
vaquant (gerund participle present)

(intransitive) (of an object) to be empty

(intransitive) (of a charge, an office) to lack a holder, to be temporarily vacant

(intransitive) (of a person, group of people) to be idle, to stop or suspend a regular activity, be in a state of rest

(intransitive) (of a parliament, court of justice) to be in recess

(transitive) to occupy one's time with something/someone, to consecrate one's time to


toutesfoys

French: toutefois


foys

We repeated this four times under our breaths; then each one of us cleansed our hands in the water from the fountain.

Ceste oraison dicte par quatre foys, & autant par nous taisiblement murmurée, chascun pour se purger se lava les mains d’eau de fontaine vive (L'Arcadie-Trad-Massin, published 1544, Paris)


foy

French: foi

→ English: foy, Foy

Saigneur Dieu oste moy de ce torment, auquel ces traitres chiens me detiennent, pour la maintenance de ta foy.

Lord God remove me from this torment in which these traiterous dogs are holding, to help me keep your faith.


esmouvoir

French: émouvoir

→ Middle English: esmove

Mais ceux qui parleront d'essayer à esmouvoir le Pape à penser et pourveoir à l'accroissement de la puissance espagnole en Italie cognoissent tres mal son humeur.

But those who are talking of trying to move to Pope into thinking and into foreseeing the increase of the Spanish power in Italy do not know his disposition at all.


esgarer

esgarer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
esgarant (gerund participle present)

French: égarer

(reflexive, s'esgarer) to get lost (become lost)


defors

French: dehors

From Old French defors, from Vulgar Latin dē forīs, from Latin dē + forīs (“outdoors”).


deslacer

deslacer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
delaçant (gerund participle present)

French: délacer

to unlace (unfasten something that is laced)


guerpir

guerpir (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
guerpissant (gerund participle present)


methode

→ English: method

French: méthode

Attested at least as early as 1457, borrowed from Latin methodus, itself borrowed from Ancient Greek μέθοδος (méthodos).


pannicle

From Late Latin panniculus (“membrane”), from Latin panniculus (“small rag”), from pannus (“cloth”).


ferir

French: férir

From Old French ferir, from Latin ferīre, present active infinitive of feriō.


senat

French: sénat (see there for further descendants)

desctree

→ Dutch: senaat
Afrikaans: senaat
→ Indonesian: senat

→ Middle English: senat

English: senate
→ Swahili: seneti


escrit

French: écrit

From Old French escrit, from Latin scriptus.

third-person singular present indicative of escrire


escrit

French: écrit

From Old French escrit, from Latin scriptum.


oferir

French: offrir


enquerre

From Latin inquīrere, present active infinitive of inquīrō.


estonner

estonner (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
estonnant (gerund participle present)

French: étonner


desmonter

desmonter (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
desmontant (gerund participle present)

J'entends que les Valachi, courriers du grand Seigneur, font des extremes diligences, d'autant qu'ils ont loy de desmonter le premier passant qu'ils trouvent en leur chemin, en luy donnant leur cheval recreu; et que, pour se garder de lasser, ils se serrent à travers le corps bien estroitement d'une bande large.

1595, Michel de Montaigne, Essais, Livre Second:

et pour ce qu’il m’a escript que le canon qu’il a en Dauphiné est tout desmonté, et supplie de le faire secourir de celuy du magasin de Lyon


combatre

French: combatre


fievre

French: fièvre

From Old French fievre, from Latin febris.


desmettre

desmettre (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
desmettant (gerund participle present)

qualifier

English: dismiss (borrowed, from the past participle desmis)

French: démettre

From Old French *desmetre, from Latin dēmittō (“send or bring down, let fall”).

der

[…] pour lesquelles auctoriser et seconder, la vraye vertu a beaucoup à se desmettre de sa vigueur originelle.

(reflexive, se desmettre) to lower oneself, to stoop


reconnoissance

head

reconnoissance f (plural reconnoissances)

French: reconnaissance

recognition (act of recognizing; of admitting to be true)


inquieter

inquieter (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
inquietant (gerund participle present)

French: inquiéter

(reflexive, s'inquieter) to worry (oneself)


armee

French: armée
→ Norwegian Bokmål: armé

→ German: Armee
→ Estonian: armee

First attested in French (as opposed to in Anglo-Norman) circa 1370. Borrowed (perhaps via Anglo-Norman) from Medieval Latin armāta (“armed force”), the neuter plural form of the past participle of Latin armō (“to arm”), from arma (“arms, weapons”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂(e)rmos (“fitting”), from the root *h₂er- (“to join”).


neantmoins

Lancelot neantmoins mist la main a l'espee en lui donnant de grans coupz

1488, Jean Dupré, Lancelot du Lac, page 2:

Lancelot nevertheless put his hand on his sword and gave it some heavy blows


garnement

French: garnement


rochier

French: rocher


destruire

French: détruire

From Old French destruire, from Vulgar Latin *destrugere, present active infinitive of *destrugō, from Classical Latin dēstruō, from dē- (“un-, de-”) + struō (“I build”).


brusler

brusler (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
bruslant (gerund participle present)

French: brûler

From Old French brusler, probably from a crossing of bruir (“to burn”), of Germanic origin, and usler, from Latin ustulare.


disner

disner (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
disnant (gerund participle present)

French: dîner

[…] et dormit jusques au lendemain heure de disner


disner

French: dîner


dain

→ Catalan: daina

French: daim


foiblement

French: faiblement


povez

second-person plural present indicative of povoir


sainct

Old French saint, the 'c' was added back because of the 'c' in Latin sanctus

Ie vous iure l'espine de sainct Fiacre en Brye, que nostre Morosophe l'unicque non Lunaticque Triboullet me remet à la Bouteille. (Rabelais; "Troisième livre des faicts & dicts Heroïcques du bon Pantagruel.")


sainct

sainct m (feminine singular saincte, masculine plural saincts or sainctz, feminine plural sainctes)

saincte (feminine singular)
saincts (masculine plural)
sainctz (masculine plural)
sainctes (feminine plural)

French: saint


meschief

Si vous vault mieulx deporter que faire chose ou vous soiez en peril de recepvoir si grant dammaige et meschief.


esprevier

French: épervier


pourpenser

pourpenser (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
pourpensant (gerund participle present)


preferer

preferer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
preferant (gerund participle present)

French: preferer

→ Dutch: prefereren

Il faut tousiours preferer le spirituel au temporel

1566, N. Chesneau, Les Sermons et instructions chrestiennes, page 251:

One should always prefer the spiritual over the temporal


lucet

From Old French lus + -et, from Latin lucius (“pike fish”)


espés

espés m (feminine singular espesse, masculine plural espés, feminine plural espesses)

espesse (feminine singular)
espés (masculine plural)
espesses (feminine plural)

French: épais


reserver

reserver (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
reservant (gerund participle present)


requeste

French: requête

→ Middle Dutch: requeste

desctree

Dutch: rekest
→ Papiamentu: rekest (dated)


murdrir

French: meurtrir


verd

From Old French vert (with ⟨d⟩ in honour of the Latin etymon), from Vulgar Latin virdis, syncopated from Classical Latin viridis. Compare Italian verde and Spanish verde.


verd

head

verd m (feminine singular verde, masculine plural verds, feminine plural verdes)

verde (feminine singular)
verds (masculine plural)
verdes (feminine plural)

desctree

French: vert
Haitian Creole: vèt, vè
Louisiana Creole: vè, vèr, vær
→ Wolof: wert


mortifier

mortifier (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
mortifiant (gerund participle present)

→ English: mortify

French: mortifier

mortifier en nous toute sensualité

1586, Henry Suso, Oeuvres spirituelles, page 21:

(chiefly figuratively) to kill; to render dead

to mortify (discipline (one's body, appetites etc.) by suppressing desires; to practise abstinence on)


desplaire

French: déplaire

Old French desplaire and its variant spellings.


volunté

French: volonté
Antillean Creole: volonté


possesser

possesser (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
possessant (gerund participle present)

Old French possessier, from Latin possessum, the supine of possideō.


voys

third-person singular present indicative of veoyr


enchantement

French: enchantement


guardant

head

guardant (feminine singular guardante, masculine plural guardans, feminine plural guardantes)

guardante (feminine singular)
guardans (masculine plural)
guardantes (feminine plural)

(may be preceded by en, invariable) gerund of guarder


appeller

appeller (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
appellant (gerund participle present)

French: appeler

From Old French apeler, with the P and L added back to reflect the original Latin appellō.


doubte

Old French doute, etymologically reconstructed to resemble dubitō.

Tressainct Pere, L’esperance que j’ay de la paternelle affection que porterés tousjours […] a tellement vaincu le doubte qu’aultrement je pouvois avoir de la juste severité de Vostre Saincteté


doubte

first-person singular present indicative of doubter

third-person singular present indicative of doubter

first-person singular present subjunctive of doubter

third-person singular present subjunctive of doubter

second-person singular imperative of doubter


prinse

feminine singular of the past participle of prendre


prinse

French: prise


estendre

French: étendre

From Old French estendre, from Latin extendō, extendere.


celebrer

celebrer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
celebrant (gerund participle present)

French: célébrer


moderer

moderer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
moderant (gerund participle present)


exstirper

exstirper (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
exstirpant (gerund participle present)


abiurer

abiurer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
abiurant (gerund participle present)

English: abjure

> French: abjurer (inherited)

From Old French abjurer (“to reject or renounce (something) on oath”), borrowed from Latin abiūrāre, the present active infinitive of abiūrō (“to deny on oath, recant, renounce, repudiate, abjure”).

inh

N'est-il bien la saison d'abiurer l'heresie qui iusqu'à maintenant vous a l'ame saisi?

1573, Jean Le Masle, Brief Discours Sur Les Troubles qui depuis douze ans ont continuellement agité & tourmenté le Royaume de France:

Isn't it time to abjure the heresy which has until now seized your soul?


iurer

iurer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
iurant (gerund participle present)

French: jurer


negotier

negotier (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
negotiant (gerund participle present)

French: négocier


operer

operer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
operant (gerund participle present)

Borrowed from Latin operor. Compare the inherited ouvrer.


escu

French: écu


costoier

French: côtoyer


recepte

French: recette

receipt (written evidence of a financial transaction)


loing

French: loin


praeparer

praeparer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
praeparant (gerund participle present)

French: préparer


biere

desctree

French: bière
→ Abenaki: labial (from "la bière")
→ Khmer: ប៊ីយេរ (biiyɛɛ)
→ Lao: ເບຍ (bīa)
→ Sango: bîêre
→ Vietnamese: bia

From Middle Dutch bier or Middle High German bier, both ultimately from Proto-West Germanic *beuʀ, from Proto-Germanic *beuzą.


biere

From Old French biere, bere, from Frankish *berō, from Proto-Germanic *berô.


vitement

French: vitement


q̃

Et quant elle fut venue si dist aux trois barons q̃ ceste estoit celle que ilz demandoient.

15th century, Rustichello da Pisa (original author), Mazarine Master (scribe), The Travels of Marco Polo, page 12, lines 12–3:

And when she arrived, she said to the three barons that this was the one that they had been asking for.


courroucer

courroucer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
courrouçant (gerund participle present)

French: courroucer


separer

separer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
separant (gerund participle present)

French: séparer


escripture

Latin scrīptūra, from scrīptum, the supine of scrībō.


platte forme

→ English: platform


escrivant

head

escrivant (feminine singular escrivante, masculine plural escrivans, feminine plural escrivantes)

escrivante (feminine singular)
escrivans (masculine plural)
escrivantes (feminine plural)

En escrivant ceste parolle

1461, François Villon, Le Grand Testament:

(may be preceded by en, invariable) gerund of escrire


archevesque

French: archevêque

Norman: archêvêque


parallaxe

French: parallaxe
→ Turkish: paralaks

→ English: parallax

From Ancient Greek πᾰρᾰ́λλᾰξῐς (parállaxis).


auctorité

French: autorité

→ Romanian: autoritate

From Old French autorité, with the c added back to reflect the original Latin etymon auctoritas, from which it was borrowed.

et estoit legat de grant auctorité

15th century (date of publication), Rustichello da Pisa (original author), Mazarine Master (scribe), The Travels of Marco Polo, page 7, line 1:


laict

From Old French lait, the c was added back to reflect the Latin lac.

milk (liquid produced by female mammals)


orthographie

→ English: orthography

French: orthographie

orthography (spelling; way of writing something)


ornement

French: ornement

From Old French ornement, from Latin ornamentum.


praesenter

praesenter (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
praesentant (gerund participle present)


repraesenter

repraesenter (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
repraesentant (gerund participle present)


voluntiers

French: volontiers


avecques

Old French avoeques, one of the variants of avoec.


maintefoys

Old French maintes foiz, see maint, foys.


damoyselle

French: damoiselle

maiden; a woman, especially a young, unmarried woman


vray

vray m (feminine singular vraye, masculine plural vrays, feminine plural vrayes)

vraye (feminine singular)
vrays (masculine plural)
vrayes (feminine plural)

French: vrai

From Old French verai, with loss of schwa.


nuyct

French: nuit

From Old French nuit, with the c added back to reflect the original Latin noces.


doncques

French: donc

From Old French donkes, from Vulgar Latin *dunquam.


doulceur

desctree

French: douceur
→ Dutch: douceur
→ English: douceur

→ Middle English: douceoure, dousour

Either from Old French dolçor, or douceur with the l added back to reflect the original Latin spelling.


soubtz

From Old French souz, with the letters bt added back to reflect the Latin subtus.


soubtz

French: sous


sepmaine

French: semaine
Antillean Creole: simenn
Aruamu: semen
Guianese Creole: simenn
Haitian Creole: semèn
Karipúna Creole French: simén
Louisiana Creole: lasmènn, smènn
Seychellois Creole: lasemenn, semenn, smenn
Tayo: semen
→ Esperanto: semajno

From Old French semaine, with the p added back to reflect the original Latin septimus (“seven”).


racompter

racompter (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
racomptant (gerund participle present)

French: raconter

From Old French reconter, the mp being added back to reflect Latin computō.


aultre

From Old French autre. Silent ⟨l⟩ in honour of Latin alter.


aultre

French: autre

Mille aultres, des quelz trop prolix seroit narrer les adventures

1552, François Rabelais, Le Tiers Livre:

A thousand others, of whom it would be too verbose to retell the adventures


troys

French: trois
Haitian Creole: twa
Louisiana Creole: trò, trwa

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *tréyes
Proto-Italic *trēs
Latin trēs
Old French trois
Middle French troys
From Old French trois, troy, treis.


reconqueste

→ English: reconquest

French: reconquête

reconquest (act or instance of reconquering)


conqueste

French: conquête

desctree

→ Middle English: conquest, conqueste, quenqueste, conqwest, conqweste
English: conquest

From Old French conqueste, cunqueste, from a Vulgar Latin *conquista, from the feminine of Latin conquisitus.

conquest (act or instance of conquering)


dict

third-person singular present indicative of dire


seullement

French: seulement


seicheresse

French: sécheresse


aureille

From Old French oreille, with ⟨au⟩ as a Latinizing orthography reflecting the ultimate etymon auricula.


Africque

French: Afrique

From Old French Afrique, with the c added back to reflect the original Latin term Āfrica.


pluye

French: pluie
⇒ Haitian Creole: lapli


moys

French: mois

From Old French mois, meis, from Latin mēnsis.


iamays

French: jamais

From Old French jamés (“ever; never”), from Latin iam (“already”) with magis (“more”).

Et cellui me dist que ie le cherchasse se iamais y voulloye riens recouvrer

1488, Jean Dupré, Lancelot du Lac, page 27:

And he said to me to look for him if ever I wanted to recover anything from there


baptesme

French: baptême

From Old French batesme, bapteme, baptesme, a semi-learned borrowing from Ecclesiastical Latin baptisma.


suffocquer

suffocquer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
suffocquant (gerund participle present)

French: suffoquer


faulte

French: faute

Old French faute, with the l added back to reflect the original Latin spelling.


tonnel

French: tonneau


saige

sage


ledict

head

ledict m (feminine ladicte, masculine plural lesdicts, feminine plural lesdictes)

ladicte (feminine)
lesdicts (masculine plural)
lesdictes (feminine plural)

French: ledit


recepvoir

French: recevoir

From Old French recevoir, with the p added back to reflect the original Latin recipio.


ioly

ioly m (feminine singular iolye, masculine plural iolys, feminine plural iolyes)

iolye (feminine singular)
iolys (masculine plural)
iolyes (feminine plural)

French: joli


saige femme

French: sage-femme


sceu

frm-past participle

sceu m (feminine singular sceue, masculine plural sceuz, feminine plural sceues)

sceue (feminine singular)
sceuz (masculine plural)
sceues (feminine plural)

French: su


voicy

French: voici


allaicter

allaicter (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
allaictant (gerund participle present)

French: allaiter


sçavant

head

sçavant (feminine singular sçavante, masculine plural sçavans, feminine plural sçavantes)

sçavante (feminine singular)
sçavans (masculine plural)
sçavantes (feminine plural)

(may be preceded by en, invariable) gerund of sçavoir


sçavant

sçavant m (feminine singular sçavante, masculine plural sçavans, feminine plural sçavantes)


sçavant

sçavant m (plural sçavans, feminine singular sçavante, feminine plural sçavantes)

sçavans (plural)
sçavante (feminine singular)
sçavantes (feminine plural)

French: savant


chorde

French: corde

From Old French corde, with the h added back to reflect Latin chorda, and Ancient Greek χορδή (khordḗ).


fiebvre

French: fièvre

From Old French fievre, with the b added back to reflect the original Latin febris.


moytié

French: moitié

→ English: moiety


vieulx

vieulx m (feminine singular vieille, masculine plural vieulx, feminine plural vieilles)

vieille (feminine singular)
vieulx (masculine plural)
vieilles (feminine plural)

French: vieux

ie ne suis plus jeune, ie deviens vieulx


deliberer

deliberer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
deliberant (gerund participle present)


mieulx

French: mieux

Beaux seigneurs vous scavez bien que la coustume de ceans est telle que nous devons eslire cellui a nostre escient qui le mieulx a fait au tournoiement.

1488, Jean Dupré, Lancelot du Lac, page 59:

Good sirs, you know very well that our custom is that we have to choose who, to the best of our knowledge, has performed the best in the tournament.


quelquefoys

French: quelquefois


chaisne

French: chaîne

From Old French chaene, chaiene, caiene, from Latin catēna.

car il ne pouvoit rompre tant facillement lesdictes chaisnes

For he couldn't break these chains as easily


visaige

Late Old French visage, from Early Old French and Latin vis (“face”)


lescher

lescher (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
leschant (gerund participle present)

French: lécher


fascher

fascher (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
faschant (gerund participle present)

French: fâcher

Cela me fasche


deslyer

deslyer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
deslyant (gerund participle present)

French: délier

[…] et commanda qu'il fut deslyé desdictes chaisnes

[…] and ordered that he be untied from his chains


soucyer

soucyer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
soucyant (gerund participle present)

French: soucier

From Old French, from Latin sollicitāre, present active infinitive of sollicitō.

tous les officiers de sa court estoyent tant occupés au service du festin que l'on ne se soucyoit du pauvre Pantagruel

the officers of his court were so busyt taking care of the banquet that they forgot about poor Pantagruel


deschainer

deschainer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
deschainant (gerund participle present)

Lors qu'il feust deschainé, l'on le fist asseoir

When he was unchained, they made him sit down


lyer

lyer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
lyant (gerund participle present)

French: lier

mais, par autant qu'il avoit les bras lyez dedans, il ne povoit rien prendre à manger

but at the same time, he had his hands tied up; he couldn't pick up anything to eat it


filz

French: fils

Old French fils and its variants, from Latin filius

Et le doubte que troubloit son entendement estoit assavoir s'il devoit plorer pour le deuil de sa femme, ou rire pour la joye de son filz.

And the problem that bothered him was to know whether he should cry for the death of his wife, or laugh for the birth of his son.


detester

detester (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
detestant (gerund participle present)

→ English: detest

French: détester


yeulx

French: yeux


fascheux

fascheux m (feminine singular fascheuse, masculine plural fascheux, feminine plural fascheuses)

fascheuse (feminine singular)
fascheux (masculine plural)
fascheuses (feminine plural)

French: fâcheux


melancholicque

melancholicque m or f (plural melancholicques)

French: mélancolique


painctre

French: peintre


escholier

escholier m (plural escholiers, feminine singular escholiere, feminine plural escholieres)

escholiers (plural)
escholiere (feminine singular)
escholieres (feminine plural)


chronicque

French: chronique

[L]isant les belles chronicques de ses ancestres

While reading the chronicles of his ancestors


aulcun

aulcun m (feminine singular aulcune, masculine plural aulcuns, feminine plural aulcunes)

aulcune (feminine singular)
aulcuns (masculine plural)
aulcunes (feminine plural)

French: aucun

Et, partant de Poictiers avecques aulcuns de ses compaignons, passerent par Legugé

And, leaving Poitiers with some of his friends, they went through Legugé


escolier

escolier m (plural escoliers, feminine singular escoliere, feminine plural escolieres)

escoliers (plural)
escoliere (feminine singular)
escolieres (feminine plural)

French: écolier

From Old French escolier, escoler, borrowed from Late Latin scholaris, from Latin schola.


taulpe

French: taupe

From Old French taupe, tope, with the l added back to reflect the original Latin talpa.


eschole

desctree

French: école
Haitian Creole: lekòl
→ Bambara: ekɔli, lakɔli
→ Moore: lekolle
Turkish: ekol

From Old French escole, with the h added back to reflect the original Latin schola.

school (institution where learning takes place)


proffiter

proffiter (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
proffitant (gerund participle present)

French: profiter


poete

French: poète

Norman: poète

From Old French poete, from Latin poēta, from Ancient Greek ποιητής (poiētḗs, “creator, maker, author, poet”).


facillement

French: facilement


estudier

estudier (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
estudiant (gerund participle present)

French: étudier

→ Irish: staidéar


medecin

French: médecin


devant que

mais, devant que partir, fut adverty que grosse et enorme cloche estoit à Sainct Aignan

but, before leaving, he was told that a massive and enormous bell was at Saint Aignan


resiouyr

French: réjouir

[…] et la faire sonner par toutes les rues en la portant en sa main ; dont tout le monde se resjouyst fort

[…] and to make it ring in all the streets by carrying it in his hand; everyone rejoiced gaily


esbahyssement

surprise; shock (quality of being surprised)


magnificque

head

magnificque m or f (plural magnificques)

French: magnifique

Old French magnifique, from Latin magnificus.


ensuyvre

French: ensuivre

to follow (be after something, with respect to time or position)


Poictiers

Old French Peitiers, from Latin Pictāva, Pictāvium, Pictāvis, after the Pictones, the Gaulish tribe inhabiting the region. (Respelled to be closer to the Latin spelling.)

Lors dist Pantagruel, pleut à dieu que chascun, de vous eussent deux paires de sonnettes de sacre au menton, & que ie eusse au mien les grosses horologes de Renes, de Poictiers, de Tours, & de Cambray, pour veoir l'aubade que nous donnerions au remuement de noz badigoinces


pacificque

French: pacifique


parfaict

parfaict m (feminine singular parfaicte, masculine plural parfaicts, feminine plural parfaictes)

parfaicte (feminine singular)
parfaicts (masculine plural)
parfaictes (feminine plural)


honesteté

French: honnêteté


mirouoir

French: miroir

Old French mireor, from the verb mirer (“to look at”)


peché

French: péché


eviter

eviter (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
evitant (gerund participle present)


povoir

French: pouvoir


ayde

French: aide


ayde

French: aide

first-person singular present indicative of ayder

third-person singular present indicative of ayder

first-person singular present subjunctive of ayder

third-person singular present subjunctive of ayder

second-person singular imperative of ayder


ayder

ayder (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
aydant (gerund participle present)

French: aider

desctree

→ Middle English: aiden, eiden
English: aid
Scots: aid

From Old French aidier, from Latin adiutāre, present active infinitive of adiūtō (“help, assist”).


iecter

iecter (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
iectant (gerund participle present)

French: jeter

From Old French jeter, with the c added back to reflect the original Latin iaceo.


desprendre

French: déprendre

des- + prendre. Although there is an isolated attestation of despris in 1170, the first usage of the infinitive desprendre is in 1403.

(transitive) to detach (something from someone)


iceluy

head

iceluy m (feminine icelle, masculine plural iceulx, feminine plural icelles)

icelle (feminine)
iceulx (masculine plural)
icelles (feminine plural)

French: icelui

this one (the object/person in question)


tesmoignage

French: témoignage


mylieu

French: milieu


resveur

resveur m (plural resveurs, feminine singular resveuse, feminine plural resveuses)

resveurs (plural)
resveuse (feminine singular)
resveuses (feminine plural)

French: rêveur


sceur

sceur m (feminine singular sceure, masculine plural sceurs, feminine plural sceures)

sceure (feminine singular)
sceurs (masculine plural)
sceures (feminine plural)

French: sûr
Seychellois Creole: sir

From Old French seür, with the c added back to reflect the original Latin securus.


congnoissance

French: connaissance

From Old French conoissance (with the g added back to reflect the original Latin), from Latin cognoscentia.


voylà

French: voilà


maulvais

maulvais m (feminine singular maulvaise, masculine plural maulvais, feminine plural maulvaises)

maulvaise (feminine singular)
maulvais (masculine plural)
maulvaises (feminine plural)

French: mauvais


dommaige

French: dommage

Old French domaige, one of the variants of damage.

damage (harm done to an object or objects, or more rarely to a person)

Car ce seroit trop grant dommaige que vous mouriciez mesmement en si vil lieu comme ceulx de ceans vous ont mis.

1488, Jean Dupré, Lancelot du Lac, page 40:

It would be too much of a shame if you died in such a vile place such as the one that they've put you here in.


congnoistre

French: connaître

From Old French conoistre, with the g added back to reflect the original Latin cognosco.


eschapper

eschapper (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
eschappant (gerund participle present)

French: échapper

(reflexive or intransitive) to escape; to evade

(transitive, with direct object) to escape


souppe

French: soupe (see there for further descendants)

desc

Norman: soupe, souope (continental Normandy)

desctree

→ Dutch: soep
Afrikaans: soep
Negerhollands: soep, sop
→ Caribbean Hindustani: supu
→ Caribbean Javanese: sop, sup, supu
→ Indonesian: sup
→ Papiamentu: sòpi (from the diminutive), soppi

→ Middle English: soupe, sowpe
English: soup


vrayement

French: vraiment

From Old French veraiement, see vraye + -ment.


mousche

French: mouche
→ English: mouche
→ Portuguese: muche
→ Swedish: musch
→ Turkish: muş


profundement

Old French parfondement, corresponding to profunde + -ment.


cyre

French: cire

chauffer la cyre


ravy

head

ravy m (feminine singular ravye, masculine plural ravys, feminine plural ravyes)

ravye (feminine singular)
ravys (masculine plural)
ravyes (feminine plural)

French: ravi


espineux

espineux m (feminine singular espineuse, masculine plural espineux, feminine plural espineuses)

espineuse (feminine singular)
espineux (masculine plural)
espineuses (feminine plural)

French: épineux

(figuratively) spiky; hostile; foreboding


Turcq

Turcq m (plural Turcqs, feminine singular Turcque, feminine plural Turcques)

Turcqs (plural)
Turcque (feminine singular)
Turcques (feminine plural)

French: Turc


declairer

declairer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
declairant (gerund participle present)


paintre

French: peintre

→ English: painter (in part)

From Old French peintre, paintre, from Vulgar Latin *pinctor, from Latin pictor.

painter (person who paints as a profession)


nepveu

French: neveu

From Old French neveu, with the p added back to reflect the original Latin spelling.


recuperer

recuperer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
recuperant (gerund participle present)

Borrowed from Latin recuperō. Compare the inherited recouvrer.


couppé

French: coupé


joly

joly m (feminine singular jolye, masculine plural jolys, feminine plural jolyes)

jolye (feminine singular)
jolys (masculine plural)
jolyes (feminine plural)


coupper

French: couper


soubdain

soubdain m (feminine singular soubdaine, masculine plural soubdains, feminine plural soubdaines)

soubdaine (feminine singular)
soubdains (masculine plural)
soubdaines (feminine plural)

sudden (spontaneous, unexpected, rapid, etc.)


soubdain

French: soudain

Soubdain ie me advise de mes lardons, & les leur gettoys au meillieu d'entre eulx


jecter

jecter (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
jectant (gerund participle present)


reiecter

reiecter (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
reiectant (gerund participle present)

French: rejeter

From Old French regeter, with the i and the c added back to reflect the original Latin rēiciō (“I throw, I reject”).


pourmener

pourmener (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
pourmenant (gerund participle present)

French: promener

(reflexive, se pourmener) to walk (especially for pleasure)


par dessoubz

French: par dessous


pouvre

French: pauvre


regnard

French: renard


iusques à

French: jusqu’à


iay

French: j’ai


loysir

French: loisir


ymaige

French: image

From Old French image et al., from Latin imāgō.


tousiours

French: toujours


consyderer

consyderer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
consyderant (gerund participle present)

→ English: consider

French: considérer

From Old French considerer, from Latin cōnsīderāre, present active infinitive of cōnsīderō (“I examine, look at, inspect; I consider; I investigate”).


depuys

French: depuis


eschauffer

eschauffer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
eschauffant (gerund participle present)

French: échauffer


cousteau

French: couteau; Cousteau


mesmement

French: mêmement (literary or obsolete)


cousté

French: côté


lyon

desctree

French: lion
Haitian Creole: lyon
Mauritian Creole: lyon
Seychellois Creole: lyon

From Old French lion, from Latin leo, leonis.


bayser

bayser (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
baysant (gerund participle present)

French: baiser

Old French baisier, from Latin basio (“to kiss”)


compaignon

French: compagnon

il lui dist qu'il estoit de la maison au roy Artus compaignon de la table ronde

1488, Jean Dupré, Lancelot du Lac, page 18:

he told him he was of the house of King Arthur and a member of the round table


eglise

French: église (see there for further descendants)


tabuster

tabuster (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
tabustant (gerund participle present)

Related to tapage, taper (“to hit, strike, slap”).


Iesuchrist

Jesus Christ (Christian and Islamic figure)


croysade

→ English: crusade

French: croisade


ieunesse

youth (period during which one is young)


bancquet

English: banquet

French: banquet


ecclesiasticque

head

ecclesiasticque m or f (plural ecclesiasticques)

Latin ecclesiasticus (“relating to a church or churches”)


palays

French: palais


bancqueter

bancqueter (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
bancquetant (gerund participle present)

English: to banquet

French: banquet

to banquet (participate in a large meal)


ouy

French: oui

Old French oïl, from *Vulgar Latin hoc ille.


ouy

French: ouï


gaigner

gaigner (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
gaignant (gerund participle present)

French: gagner

Mais voulez vous venir gaigner les pardons? dist il.

But do you want to come and win the pardons? Said he


cuyder

cuyder (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
cuydant (gerund participle present)


resqueste

From Old French requeste, with the first s added by hypercorrection. The original Latin spelling does not include this s.


nouveaulté

French: nouveauté


iardin

garden (area abundant with plants and other wildlife)


pourmenant

head

pourmenant (feminine singular pourmenante, masculine plural pourmenans, feminine plural pourmenantes)

pourmenante (feminine singular)
pourmenans (masculine plural)
pourmenantes (feminine plural)

(may be preceded by en, invariable) gerund of pourmener


ouyant

ouyant (feminine singular ouyante, masculine plural ouyans, feminine plural ouyantes)

ouyante (feminine singular)
ouyans (masculine plural)
ouyantes (feminine plural)

(may be preceded by en, invariable) gerund of ouyr


courtoys

courtoys m (feminine singular courtoyse, masculine plural courtoys, feminine plural courtoyses)

courtoyse (feminine singular)
courtoys (masculine plural)
courtoyses (feminine plural)

French: courtois

Old French cortois, from the noun cort (“court”)


parolle

French: parole

From Old French parole, the second L being added by hypercorrection (only one L in the Latin parabola).


Hespaigne

From Old French Espaigne, with the H added back to reflect the Latin Hispania.


explicquer

explicquer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
explicquant (gerund participle present)

French: expliquer


praecedent

praecedent m (feminine singular praecedente, masculine plural praecedens, feminine plural praecedentes)

praecedente (feminine singular)
praecedens (masculine plural)
praecedentes (feminine plural)


Angloys

Angloys m (plural Angloys, feminine singular Angloyse, feminine plural Angloyses)

Angloys (plural)
Angloyse (feminine singular)
Angloyses (feminine plural)

French: Anglais


paslir

French: pâlir

(intransitive, chiefly of a person) to become pale


poulce

French: pouce


ostant

ostant (feminine singular ostante, masculine plural ostans, feminine plural ostantes)

ostante (feminine singular)
ostans (masculine plural)
ostantes (feminine plural)

(may be preceded by en, invariable) gerund of oster


publicquement

French: publiquement


escryer

escryer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
escryant (gerund participle present)

French: écrier


chault

chault m (feminine singular chaulde, masculine plural chaulx, feminine plural chauldes)

chaulde (feminine singular)
chaulx (masculine plural)
chauldes (feminine plural)

From Old French chaut, with the L added back to reflect the original Latin caldus.

car il faisoit chault

Because it [the ambient temperature] was hot


chault

French: chaud


huyle

desctree

French: huile
Haitian Creole: lwil (from l’huile)
Vietnamese: luyn (from l’huile)


hebraicque

French: hébraïque


hebrieu

French: hébreu


oingnon

French: oignon, ognon (post-1990 spelling)
Saint Dominican Creole French: z'oignon
Haitian Creole: zonyon
Seychellois Creole: zonyon

From Old French oignon, from Latin unio, unionem.


doulcement

French: doucement

Old French dolcement, corresponding to doulce + -ment.


doulx

head

doulx m (feminine singular doulce, masculine plural doulx, feminine plural doulces)

doulce (feminine singular)
doulx (masculine plural)
doulces (feminine plural)

French: doux


faulx

faulx m (feminine singular faulsse, masculine plural faulx, feminine plural faulsses)

faulsse (feminine singular)
faulx (masculine plural)
faulsses (feminine plural)

French: faux
→ English: faux

From Old French faus, with the L added back to reflect the Latin falsus.


faulx

French: faux

car il fut cause de sa mort: le coustillier d'Onesile l'ayant accueilli d'une faulx entre les deux espaules


escript

escript (feminine singular escripte, masculine plural escriptz, feminine plural escriptes)

escripte (feminine singular)
escriptz (masculine plural)
escriptes (feminine plural)

Old French escrit, with the p added back to reflect the Latin scriptus


escript

French: écrit (noun)

Lois appella les clercz qui mettoient en escript les adventures

1488, Jean Dupré, Lancelot du Lac, page 66:

Louis called the clerks who put the adventures in to writing


robbe

French: robe


haye

French: haie


doubteux

doubteux m (feminine singular doubteuse, masculine plural doubteux, feminine plural doubteuses)

doubteuse (feminine singular)
doubteux (masculine plural)
doubteuses (feminine plural)

French: douteux

doubtful (of a person, experiencing doubt)


ennemy

ennemy m (feminine singular ennemye, masculine plural ennemys, feminine plural ennemyes)

ennemye (feminine singular)
ennemys (masculine plural)
ennemyes (feminine plural)

French: ennemi

armee ennemye


eulx

French: eux


pouldre

French: poudre


fuyr

French: fuir


aneau

French: anneau


ioyeux

ioyeux m (feminine singular ioyeuse, masculine plural ioyeux, feminine plural ioyeuses)

ioyeuse (feminine singular)
ioyeux (masculine plural)
ioyeuses (feminine plural)


turcq

turcq m (feminine singular turcque, masculine plural turcqs, feminine plural turcques)

turcque (feminine singular)
turcqs (masculine plural)
turcques (feminine plural)

French: turc


perdrys

French: perdrix


blereau

French: blaireau

From Old French blereau, which according to Bratchet is from a diminutive of blé (“corn, wheat”) thus meaning an animal that feeds on corn.


ceincture

French: ceinture

belt (strap of material worn around the waist)


roustir

French: rôtir


haubert

French: haubert


hasche

French: hache


asseurance

assurance (declaration tending to inspire confidence)


Escosse

French: Écosse

Inherited from Old French Escoce, from Latin Scotia.

Scotland (a constituent country of the United Kingdom, located in northwest Europe to the north of England)


eriger

eriger (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
erigeant (gerund participle present)

French: ériger

to erect; to put up (especially a monument)


midy

French: midi


iectant

iectant (feminine singular iectante, masculine plural iectans, feminine plural iectantes)

iectante (feminine singular)
iectans (masculine plural)
iectantes (feminine plural)

(may be preceded by en, invariable) gerund of iecter


parfondement

French: profondément

[I]lz en sentissent rien tant ilz ronfloient & dormoient parfondement.

They didn't feel anything, for they were snoring and sleeping so deeply


sallé

sallé m (feminine singular sallée, masculine plural sallés, feminine plural sallées)

sallée (feminine singular)
sallés (masculine plural)
sallées (feminine plural)

salted; salty (containing a significant amount of salt)


saulter

saulter (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
saultant (gerund participle present)

French: sauter

Cent diables me saultent au corps

to jump (move oneself into the air, leaving contact with the ground)


asseurer

asseurer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
asseurant (gerund participle present)

desctree

French: assurer
→ Danish: assurere
→ Romanian: asigura (partial calque)

Et asseuroit devant tous que les diables estoient bons compaignons.

And [he] assured everyone present that devils were good companions


finablement

French: finalement

Finablement voyant que tous estoient mors, getta le corps de Loupgarou

Finally seeing that they were all dead, [he] threw the body of Loupgarou


guerir

French: guérir

Inherited from Old French guarir, from Frankish *warōn.


menasser

menasser (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
menassant (gerund participle present)


beuvant

head

beuvant (feminine singular beuvante, masculine plural beuvans, feminine plural beuvantes)

beuvante (feminine singular)
beuvans (masculine plural)
beuvantes (feminine plural)

(may be preceded by en, invariable) gerund of boire


cuyre

French: cuire
→ Esperanto: kuiri


Albanoys

Albanoys m (plural Albanoys, feminine singular Albanoyse, feminine plural Albanoyses)

Albanoys (plural)
Albanoyse (feminine singular)
Albanoyses (feminine plural)

French: Albanais


Dannoys

Dannoys m (plural Dannoys, feminine singular Dannoyse, feminine plural Dannoyses)

Dannoys (plural)
Dannoyse (feminine singular)
Dannoyses (feminine plural)

French: Danois


baisler

baisler (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
baislant (gerund participle present)

French: bâiller


ioye

French: joie

Old French joie, from Old Occitan joia, from Late Latin gaudia, from Classical Latin gaudium

si s'entrefirent si grande ioye que a peine ie la vous sauroye nombrer

1488, Jean Dupré, Lancelot du Lac, page 61:

then they gave each other so many joys that I would hardly be able to tell you how many


habillement

French: habilement

Comment Epistemon qui avoit la teste tranchée, fut guery habillement par Panurge.

How Epistemon who had his head cut off was adroitly cured by Panurge


habillement

habiller (“to dress, to clothe”) + -ment


esternuer

esternuer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
esternuant (gerund participle present)

French: éternuer

From Old French esternuer, esternuder, from Latin sternuto, sternutare.


fraper

fraper (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
frapant (gerund participle present)


Chrestien

head

Chrestien m (plural Chrestiens, feminine singular Chrestienne, feminine plural Chrestiennes)

Chrestiens (plural)
Chrestienne (feminine singular)
Chrestiennes (feminine plural)


Chrestien

Chrestien m (feminine singular Chrestienne, masculine plural Chrestiens, feminine plural Chrestiennes)

Chrestienne (feminine singular)
Chrestiens (masculine plural)
Chrestiennes (feminine plural)

French: chrétien


Pantagruelicque

Pantagruelicque m or f (plural Pantagruelicques)

Italian: pantagruelico


huyct

French: huit


estomach

Old French estomac, from Latin stomachus < Ancient Greek στόμαχος (stómakhos).


oublyer

oublyer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
oublyant (gerund participle present)

French: oublier


tumber

tumber (infinitive)
estre + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
tumbant (gerund participle present)


chastaigne

French: châtaigne


destacher

destacher (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
destachant (gerund participle present)

→ English: detach

French: détacher

Italian: distaccare, staccare

Old French destachier, thought to be of Germanic origin.


avaller

avaller (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
avallant (gerund participle present)

French: avaler


emprés

empres

manuscript form or alternative normalized form


plom

French: plomb


geneallogie

French: généalogie


recongnoistre

French: reconnaître

Old French reconoistre, from Latin recognosco


goubelet

French: gobelet


soubhaitter

soubhaitter (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
soubhaittant (gerund participle present)

French: souhaiter


grenoille

French: grenouille


advertissement

advertissement m (plural advertissemens)


iniuste

French: injuste


escumes

second-person singular present indicative of escumer

second-person singular present subjunctive of escumer


escume

French: écume

first-person singular present indicative of escumer

third-person singular present indicative of escumer

first-person singular present subjunctive of escumer

third-person singular present subjunctive of escumer

second-person singular imperative of escumer


saulcisse

French: saucisse


moustarde

French: moutarde

→ Vietnamese: mù tạc

abondance de andouilles en la saison et beuf sallé à la moustarde

[An] abundance of sausages in season, and beef salted with mustard


escumer

escumer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
escumant (gerund participle present)

French: écumer


moust

French: moût

From Old French moust, from Latin mustum.


febvrier

French: février


practicque

Je n'entens poinct la theoricque ; de la praticque je me ayde quelque peu.

I don't understand the theory; the practice, I understand a bit.


practicque

French: pratique


escripvant

escripvant (feminine singular escripvante, masculine plural escripvans, feminine plural escripvantes)

escripvante (feminine singular)
escripvans (masculine plural)
escripvantes (feminine plural)


depesche

first/third-person singular present indicative/subjunctive

inflection of depescher:
second-person singular imperative


planette

French: planète

Le grand Dieu feist les planettes


vuider

vuider (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
vuidant (gerund participle present)


escapper

escapper (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
escappant (gerund participle present)

French: échapper

Old French escaper, from *Late Latin excapio

to leave; to come out of; to depart from


depescher

depescher (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
depeschant (gerund participle present)

French: dépêcher

Couraige de brebis (disoyt il) depeschez vous de cestuy cy, et bien toust en faisons un aultre.

Courage my lamb (said he), hurry up with this one, and then we'll make another.

(reflexive, se depescher) to hurry; to hurry up


austruche

French: autruche


sçay

first-person singular present indicative of sçavoir

second-person singular present indicative of sçavoir

third-person singular present indicative of sçavoir


loup guarou

French: loup-garou


soye

French: soie


sçavons

first-person plural present indicative of sçavoir


sçavent

third-person plural present indicative of sçavoir


sçavez

inflection of sçavoir:
second-person plural present indicative

second-person singular polite present indicative


sçavoit

third-person singular imperfect indicative of sçavoir


sçavions

first-person plural imperfect indicative of sçavoir


sçavois

first/second-person singular imperfect indicative of sçavoir


sçaviez

second-person plural imperfect indicative of sçavoir


esmail

French: émail (see there for further descendants)


leicher

leicher (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
leichant (gerund participle present)


auser

auser (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
ausant (gerund participle present)

French: oser

From Old French oser, with the au added back to reflect the original Latin audeo.


reigle

French: règle

first-person singular present indicative of reigler

third-person singular present indicative of reigler

first-person singular present subjunctive of reigler

third-person singular present subjunctive of reigler

second-person singular imperative of reigler


Athenien

Athenien m (plural Atheniens, feminine singular Athenienne, feminine plural Atheniennes)

Atheniens (plural)
Athenienne (feminine singular)
Atheniennes (feminine plural)


specificque

specificque m or f (plural specificques)

French: spécifique


chyer

French: chier

Il pissoit sus ses souliers, il chyoit en sa chemise

He pissed on his shoes, he shit in his shirt


resouldre

French: résoudre


gueulle

French: gueule


mouscher

mouscher (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
mouschant (gerund participle present)

French: moucher

(reflexive, se mouscher) to wipe one's nose


repaistre

French: repaître


aguyser

aguyser (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
aguysant (gerund participle present)

French: aiguiser


espinard

French: épinard


aureiller

French: oreiller


guarson

French: garçon


guarsonnet

French: garçonnet

Old French garçonnet, corresponding to guarson + -et.


sçaurez

second-person plural future indicative of sçavoir


lactue

French: laitue

From Old French laitue, with the c added back to reflect the original Latin lactuca.


chappeau

chappeau m (plural chappeaulx or chappeaux)

French: chapeau (see there for further descendants)

→ English: chapeau


coissin

French: coussin (see there for further descendants)

From later Old French coissin, from Vulgar Latin *coxīnus (“seat pad”), derived from Latin coxa (“hip, thigh”) with the suffix possibly after Latin pulvīnus (“pillow”).

cushion (soft mass of material stuffed into a cloth bag used for comfort or support)


gryphe

French: griffe


mescler

mescler (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
mesclant (gerund participle present)

En cen que nyons non mescleit aucons vin dou pais de la Romagne, awei lo dit vin d'Auczai et d'Alamagnie.

1410, Archevêque de Fribourg, Première collection des lois:


escripre

Tant noblement estoient apprins qu'il n'estoit entre eulx celluy ne celle qui ne sceust lire, escripre, chanter, iouer d'instrumens harmonieux, parler de cinq et six langaiges

They were so well taught that among them there was not one who did not know how to read, write, sing, play musical instruments [and] speak five or six languages.


honnesteté

French: honnêteté


resverie

desctree

French: rêverie
→ English: reverie
→ Romanian: reverie


sceut

third-person singular past historic form of sçavoir


iument

Late Latin *iūmenta, from Latin iūmentum


froumaige

French: fromage

From Old French formage, fourmage, from Medieval Latin fōrmāticum.


paige

Old French page, of disputed origin; see English page.


sceusse

first-person plural imperfect subjunctive of sçavoir


soubrire

French: sourire

From Old French sorrirre, with a silent ⟨b⟩ added in honour of the Latin etymon subrīdēre.


refraischir

French: rafraîchir

From Old French refreschir, refrescir (“to reinvigorate”), from re- (“re-”) + freschir (“to refresh, restore one's strength”), of Germanic origin, from Frankish *freskjan (“to make fresh, refresh”). More at English fresh.

der

Finablement arriverent à Paris, auquel lieu se refraischit deux ou troys jours

Finally they arrived at Paris, where he rested for two or three days.

(reflexive, se refraischir) to rest; to recuperate; to become refreshed


aultresfoys

French: autrefois


hereticque

French: hérétique


scelon

French: selon


achapter

achapter (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
achaptant (gerund participle present)

French: acheter

From Old French achater, with the p added back to reflect the Latin


traistre

French: traître


desieuner

desieuner (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
desieunant (gerund participle present)

French: déjeuner


poy plus poy moins

Mais sus tout avoit la queue horrible, car elle estoit, poy plus poy moins, grosse comme la pile Sainct Mars

But underneath everything, she [the mare] had a horrible tail, for it was, more or less, as big as […]

(idiomatic) more or less; roughly; approximately


soulaiger

soulaiger (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
soulaigeant (gerund participle present)

French: soulager


poy

French: peu


cuysine

French: cuisine


saulver

saulver (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
saulvant (gerund participle present)

French: sauver

From Old French sauver, sover, with the L added back to reflect the original Late Latin salvo, salvare, from Latin salvus.


astronomicque

head

astronomicque m or f (plural astronomicques)


geometricque

geometricque m or f (plural geometricques)


mathematicque

mathematicque m or f (plural mathematicques)


escuyer

French: écuyer


basteau

French: bâteau


parfond

parfond m (feminine singular parfonde, masculine plural parfonds, feminine plural parfondes)

parfonde (feminine singular)
parfonds (masculine plural)
parfondes (feminine plural)

French: profond

Old French parfont, from Latin profundus.


endroict

French: endroit

From Old French endroit, with the c added back to reflect the original Latin spelling.


anticque

French: antique

Old French antique, originally the feminine of antic, from Latin antiquus

antique (relating to Ancient Greece or Ancient Rome)


voyre

French: voire


prescheur

French: prêcheur


bouticque

French: boutique


soubvenir

French: souvenir

→ English: souvenir

From Old French sovenir, with the ub added back to reflect the Latin subvenio.


mocquerie

→ English: mockery

French: moquerie

mocquer + -ie, or directly from Middle Dutch


iouer

iouer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
iouant (gerund participle present)

French: jouer


mocquer

mocquer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
mocquant (gerund participle present)

English: mock

French: moquer


faulcon

French: faucon


accoustumer

accoustumer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
accoustumant (gerund participle present)

car il l'avoit accoustumé (selon la doctrine de Ælian) à ne craindre les ames ny corps mors

For he had accustomed it (according to Aelian doctrine) to not fear dead souls or dead bodies


tyrer

tyrer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
tyrant (gerund participle present)


acoustumer

acoustumer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
acoustumant (gerund participle present)


sçavoient

third-person plural imperfect indicative of sçavoir


passetemps

French: passe-temps

desctree

→ Middle English: passe tyme, passetyme (calque)
English: passtime, pastime, passtime, pass-time (both obsolete) (obsolete)

From passe (imperative of passer (“to pass”)) + temps (“time”).

com

imperative of <i class="Latn mention" lang="frm">passer</i> (“to pass”)


hyver

French: hiver

From Old French yver, iver, from Latin hibernus.


chasteau

desctree

French: château
→ Danish: chateau
→ English: château, chateau
→ Russian: шато́ (šató)
→ Turkish: şato
→ Ukrainian: шато́ (šató)

From Old French chastel, from Latin castellum, from castrum.


chocquer

chocquer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
chocquant (gerund participle present)

French: choquer

s'eslançant furieusement d'une chaire où elle estoit assise, s'alla de toute sa force chocquer la teste contre la paroy voisine

16ᵗʰ Century, Michel de Montaigne, Essais:


escharpe

French: écharpe


dommaine

French: domaine

land belonging to someone, or to a state


seureté

French: sûreté

sureness (quality of being sure, of being certain)


cholere

French: colère


plustost

French: plutôt


tyrannicque

head

tyrannicque m or f (plural tyrannicques)

French: tyrannique


oultrager

oultrager (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
oultrageant (gerund participle present)

French: outrager


suyvre

French: suivre

From Old French sivre, from Vulgar Latin *sequere, from Latin sequor.


endommaiger

endommaiger (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
endommaigeant (gerund participle present)

French: endommager


reduire

French: réduire


provocquer

provocquer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
provocquant (gerund participle present)

French: provoquer


remonstrer

remonstrer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
remonstrant (gerund participle present)

French: remontrer


traictement

French: traitement

Old French, corresponding to traicter + -ment

treatment (attitude or behavior towards something or someone)


adoncques

French: adonc

Adoncques partirent luy et Prelinguand, escuyer de Vauguyon, et sans effroy espierent de tous coustez

So he and Prelinguand, the shield-bearer of Vauguyon, left and without fear they looked from every side.


flascon

French: flacon (see there for further descendants)

→ Middle English: flagon, flakon

English: flagon

From Old French flascon, from Late Latin flascōnem, accusative of flascō (“flask, bottle, container”), from Frankish *flaska.

flask (apparatus for transporting liquids)


debvoir

From Old French devoir, with an ornamental silent ⟨b⟩ in reminiscence of the original Latin debēre.


debvoir

French: devoir

desctree

→ Middle English: devoir
English: devoir


empescher

empescher (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
empeschant (gerund participle present)

French: empêcher


davantaige

French: davantage


yssu

French: issu


foulle

French: foule


soisante

French: soixante


retyrer

retyrer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
retyrant (gerund participle present)

French: retirer

Ce fait, Gymnaste se retyre, considerant que les cas de hazart iamais ne fault poursuyvre iusques a leur periode et qu'il convient a tous chevaliers reverentement traicter leur bonne fortune

This done, Gymnast left, considering that one should never follow a fluke to the end of its process, and that all knights should treat their good luck modestly.

(reflexive, se retyrer) to leave; to depart


desrober

desrober (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
desrobant (gerund participle present)

French: dérober

→ English: disrobe

From Old French desrober, from des- + rober.

il ne se pouvoit garder pourtant s’il passoit pres d’une boutique, où il y eust chose, dequoy il eust besoin, de la desrobber

1595, Michel de Montaigne, Essais, book II, chapter 8:

He couldn't stop himself however, if he passed a shop that had something he needed, to steal it


droict

From Old French droit, dreit, from Latin d(i)rectus, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *reg-, whence also English right. The -c- was added back to reflect the Latin etymology.


droict

head

droict m (feminine singular droicte, masculine plural droicts, feminine plural droictes)

droicte (feminine singular)
droicts (masculine plural)
droictes (feminine plural)

le chevalier les assist en droit ordre

1488, Jean Dupré, Lancelot du Lac, page 37:


droict

French: droit

desctree

⇒ French: adroit
→ English: adroit
→ German: adrett
→ Danish: adræt

C'est (respondit Carpalim) droict visé a ma visiere.

It's (Carpalim replied) aimed right at my visor


traicter

traicter (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
tractant (gerund participle present)

French: traiter

From Old French treter, tretier, traitier, traiter, from Latin tractō, tractāre (“to pull, manage”), from the past participle stem of trahō (“to draw, pull”).

inh

il faut feuilleter sans distinction toutes sortes d’autheurs et vieils et nouveaux, et barragouins et François, pour y apprendre les choses, dequoy diversement ils traictent.

1595, Michel de Montaigne, Essais, book II, chapter 10:


avantaige

French: avantage

advantage (condition, circumstance, opportunity or means, particularly favorable to success, or to any desired end)


stratageme

From Old French stratageme, from Latin strategema, from Ancient Greek στρατήγημα (stratḗgēma).


accompaigner

accompaigner (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
accompaignant (gerund participle present)

French: accompagner


empeschement

French: empêchement


ruyner

ruyner (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
ruynant (gerund participle present)

French: ruiner

Old French ruiner, from Medieval Latin ruino.

to wreck; to decimate; to ruin; to destroy


advantageux

head

advantageux m (feminine singular advantageuse, masculine plural advantageux, feminine plural advantageuses)

advantageuse (feminine singular)
advantageux (masculine plural)
advantageuses (feminine plural)

French: avantageux

Old French avantageus, corresponding to advantage + -eux


sallade

French: salade


nenny

French: nenni


Iuif

Iuif m (plural Iuifs or Iuifs, feminine singular Iuifve, feminine plural Iuifves)

Iuifs (plural)
Iuifve (feminine singular)
Iuifves (feminine plural)

French: juif


layne

French: laine

wool (raw material taken from the coats of animals)


fraischeur

French: fraîcheur


monasticque

monasticque m or f (plural monasticques)

French: monastique


eslever

eslever (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
eslevant (gerund participle present)

French: élever


davant

French: devant


pelerin

French: pèlerin
→ Romanian: pelerin m


faulconnier

French: fauconnier


couhardise

French: couardise


descouvrir

French: découvrir

(figuratively, by extension) to discover

Marcellinus, de long temps en son cœur le paganisme ; mais, par ce que toute son armée estoit de Chrestiens, il ne l’osoit descouvrir

Marcellinus was for a long time a Pagan in his heart, but, because his whole army was Christian, didn't dare to reveal it


soupplesse

French: souplesse


lict

bed (furniture designed to be slept upon)


penetrer

penetrer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
penetrant (gerund participle present)


inutille

French: inutile


magicque

French: magique


createur

French: créateur

From Old French creatur, creator, borrowed from Latin creator.


nuysance

French: nuisance


iniure

French: injure


affermer

affermer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
affermant (gerund participle present)

French: affirmer


conquester

conquester (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
conquestant (gerund participle present)


meusnier

French: meunier

From Old French meunier, munoiere, from Late Latin molīnārius, from molīnus, from Latin molō.


ruyne

French: ruine

ie ne voy poinct comment ce ne soit a nostre ruyne totale.

I don't see how this won't lead to our total ruin.


saulf

saulf m (feminine singular saulve, masculine plural saulfs, feminine plural saulves)

saulve (feminine singular)
saulfs (masculine plural)
saulves (feminine plural)

French: sauf


aromaticque

aromaticque m or f (plural aromaticques)

French: aromatique


tyrannicquement

French: tyranniquement

tyrannically (in the manner of a tyrant)


accroistre

French: accroître


voluntaire

From late Old French voluntaire, borrowed from Latin voluntarius.

Se donna mancipe et serf voluntaire, soy et sa posterité

Ie t'ay nourry, non seulement Pourtant
Que ie t'ay mois, mais tu m'estois portant
Si grand Amour, qu’il estoit impossible
Qu'on te rendist voluntaire et flexible,
A rien qui fust, si de moy ne venoit.

1552, Homer, translated by Hugues Salel, Les Dix Premiers Livres de l'Iliade d’Homère:


voluntaire

French: volontaire

→ English: voluntary (partly reformed based on Latin)

i

partly reformed based on <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">-eer</i>

→ English: volunteer (partly reformed based on -eer)

Certes ie fuz en semblable et peult estre en plus douloureux estat, que tu n’es a present & ne fuz oncques, hors mis le voluntaire exil qui tant te moleste

Icy veoit on (tresillustre Princesse) du Roy la triumphante Armée: qui un Mercredy (comme sçavez) s'attendant avoir la bataille, par parolles persuadentes à le bien servir esleva le cueur de ses gens à si voluntaire force, que alors ilz eussent non seulement combatu, mais fouldroyé le reste du Monde pour ce jour: auquel fut veue la haultesse de cueur de maintz Chevaliers, qui par ardant desir voulurent pousser en la flotte des Ennemis

1538, Clément Marot, L’Adolescence Clémentine:

A moy rien ne attribuer, fors humble subiection & obeissance voluntaire à voz bons commandemens.

1552, François Rabelais, Le Quart Livre:


defaicte

French: défaite


espesseur

French: épaisseur

thickness (extent to which something is thick)


faulseté

French: fausseté


fructier

head

fructier m (feminine singular fructiere, masculine plural fructiers, feminine plural fructieres)

fructiere (feminine singular)
fructiers (masculine plural)
fructieres (feminine plural)

French: fruitier


meschant

meschant m (feminine singular meschante, masculine plural meschants or meschans, feminine plural meschantes)

meschante (feminine singular)
meschants (masculine plural)
meschans (masculine plural)
meschantes (feminine plural)


meschant

French: méchant


iaune

French: jaune


empoizonner

empoizonner (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
empoizonnant (gerund participle present)

French: empoisonner


instrumens

Tant noblement estoient apprins qu'il n'estoit entre eulx celluy ne celle qui ne sceust lire, escripre, chanter, iouer d'instrumens harmonieux, parler de cinq et six langaiges


apprins

apprins m (feminine apprinse, masculine plural apprins, feminine plural apprinses)

apprinse (feminine)
apprins (masculine plural)
apprinses (feminine plural)


reigles

second-person singular present indicative of reigler

second-person singular present subjunctive of reigler


aorner

aorner (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
aornant (gerund participle present)


reigler

reigler (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
reiglant (gerund participle present)

French: régler


descripre

French: décrire


deshonneste

deshonneste m or f (plural deshonnestes)

French: déshonnête


esmotion

French: émotion

From the verb esmouvoir, or from *Old French esmotion.

Que nulle histoyre, ou sont les grands merveilles,
A faict recit d'esmotions pareilles.


histoyre

French: histoire

Old French estoire, from Latin historia, from Ancient Greek ἱστορία (historía)


meriter

meriter (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
meritant (gerund participle present)


vilage

French: village


fatigation

First known attestation 1303, borrowed from Latin fatīgātiō.


beuveur

beuveur m (plural beuveurs, feminine singular beuveuse, feminine plural beuveuses)

beuveurs (plural)
beuveuse (feminine singular)
beuveuses (feminine plural)

French: buveur

From beuv-, stem of certain conjugated forms of boire + -eur, or from Latin bibitor, bibitōrem.

drink (one who drinks, especially alcohol)


genereux

genereux m (feminine singular genereuse, masculine plural genereux, feminine plural genereuses)

genereuse (feminine singular)
genereux (masculine plural)
genereuses (feminine plural)

→ English: generous

French: généreux


traitter

traitter (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
traittant (gerund participle present)


desfaveur

→ English: disfavor, disfavour


descourager

descourager (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
descourageant (gerund participle present)

English: discourage

French: décourager

(reflexive, se descourager) to becomes discouraged


drolle

From Old French drolle, from Middle Dutch drol (“fat little man, goblin”), itself from Old Norse troll, from Proto-Germanic *truzlą.


desgorger

desgorger (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
desgorgeant (gerund participle present)

English: disgorge

French: dégorger

Oultre que la riviere qui passe par Quinsai descend & se vient desgorger en la mer alendroict de ce port de Canfu, au moyen dequoy infinies marchandises y sont transportées.

1556, Marco Polo, translated by E. Groulleau, Le Devisement du monde:

Entretenez vous en vous-mesme, au pis aller : Comme un conseiller de ma cognoissance, ayant desgorgé une battelée de paragraphes, d’une extreme contention, et pareille ineptie

(of a liquid or figuratively) to flow into, to spill into


mestis

From Old French mestif, from Late Latin mixticius, from Classical Latin mixtus.


mestis

French: métis

→ English: Metis

→ English: Mestee

mixed-race person, or person of mixed descent


abisme

French: abîme


obeir

French: obéir


cloistre

desctree

French: cloître, cloitre (post-1990 spelling)
→ Russian: клуа́тр (kluátr)
→ Ukrainian: клуа́тр (kluátr)

Metrodorus vivoit du pois de douze onces par jour, Epicurus à moins; Metroclez dormoit en hyver avec les moutons, en esté aux cloistres des Eglises.


luite

French: lutte


subiuger

subiuger (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
subiugeant (gerund participle present)


estrangler

estrangler (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
estranglant (gerund participle present)

From Old French estrangler, from Classical Latin strangulō, strangulāre.

to strangle (to squeeze the throat of someone)


prophete

French: prophète

From Old French prophete, borrowed from Latin prophēta, borrowed from Ancient Greek προφήτης (prophḗtēs), from προ- (pro-) + φημί (phēmí) + -της (-tēs).

etymon

prophet (chiefly Biblical, with respect to Christianity)


Egyptien

head

Egyptien m (plural Egyptiens, feminine singular Egyptienne, feminine plural Egyptiennes)

Egyptiens (plural)
Egyptienne (feminine singular)
Egyptiennes (feminine plural)


societé

desctree

French: société
→ German: Sozietät
→ Hunsrik: Sozieteet
→ Haitian Creole: sosyete
→ Romanian: societate
→ Turkish: sosyete

Norman: sociêté

→ English: society

From Old French societé, borrowed from Latin societās, societātem (“society, community”).


vaissel

French: vaisseau


oroison

French: oraison


oraison

French: oraison


cycne

« Tel doux chant les Cycnes chantent. »

1579, Pierre Le Loyer, La Néphélococugie:


yvre

French: ivre

From Old French yvre, from Latin ēbrius, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁egʷʰ- (“drink”).


mesdire

French: médire

to traduce; to defame; to speak badly of


fremir

French: frémir


atempter

atempter (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
atemptant (gerund participle present)

French: attenter

aprés ceste priere il vouldroit passer oultre et atempter aulcune chose au prejudice de nostre dicte cousine et cousin de Longueville, leur tendre la main de vostre bonne et favorable protection pour empescher toutes mauvaises entreprinses queluy et tout aultre vouldroient faire sur ce qui leur appartient


vice-roy

English: viceroy

French: vice-roi

Portuguese: vice-rei

→ Malay: wizurai

→ Indonesian: wizurai

je vous diray qu'il seroit à desirer que le dict vice-roy leur eust baillé un pouvoir de traicter;

a. 1610, Henri IV of France, Lettres Missives:


fumee

French: fumée


crouste

French: croûte

From Old French croste, from Latin crusta.


Persien

head

Persien m (feminine singular Persienne, masculine plural Persiens, feminine plural Persiennes)

Persienne (feminine singular)
Persiens (masculine plural)
Persiennes (feminine plural)


gaimenter

gaimenter (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
gaimentant (gerund participle present)


bienveillant

bienveillant m (feminine singular bienveillante, masculine plural bienveillans, feminine plural bienveillantes)

bienveillante (feminine singular)
bienveillans (masculine plural)
bienveillantes (feminine plural)


bienveillant

French: bienveillant


lascher

lascher (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
laschant (gerund participle present)

French: lâcher


navrer

navrer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
navrant (gerund participle present)


vespre

French: vêpre


iuger

to judge (pass judgment on; make a decision on)


chasque

French: chaque


courtine

French: courtine

From Old French cortine, inherited from Late Latin cōrtīna (“curtain”).


courtine

Borrowed from Classical Latin cortīna (“sacred tripod of Apollo”) and adapted in form to etymology 1.


evaporer

evaporer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
evaporant (gerund participle present)

(figuratively, reflexive, s'evaporer) to evaporate; to disappear


tollir

From Old French tolir from Latin tollere.


rappeller

rappeller (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
rappellant (gerund participle present)

French: rappeler


prerogatif

From Medieval Latin praerogativus (“chosen to vote first”), from praerogere (“to ask before others”), from prae- with rogare (“to ask”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃roǵ-, o‐grade form of root *h₃reǵ-.


prerogatif

head

prerogatif m (feminine singular prerogative, masculine plural prerogatifs, feminine plural prerogatives)

prerogative (feminine singular)
prerogatifs (masculine plural)
prerogatives (feminine plural)

prerogative (relating to a right, or power that is exclusive to a monarch etc, especially such a power to make a decision or judgement)


comtoir

S'il la prend de bon esprit, elle voudra tout gouverner: & faudra que tout passe par ses mains: elle se fera tantost maistresse du comtoir: & se voyant l'argent en maniement, elle achetera de iour en iour, sans aucune discretion, choses nouvelles, pour se faire bien iolie, bien doree, & diapree, au contentement de son esprit: outre ce, qu'elle en prestera & donnera à ses parens, pour les secourir en leurs affaires: le tout aux despens du pelerin.

1555, Ortensio Lando, Paradoxes ou sentences, debatues, & elegamment deduites contre la commune opinion:


Engleterre

1360s, Jean Froissart, Chroniques de J. Froissart, 1870 ed., Paris: Jules Renoir, book I, p. 96

(please add an English translation of this quotation)