chien

French: chien

From Old French chien, from Latin canis, canem.


abhorrer

abhorrer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
abhorrant (gerund participle present)

French: abhorrer

Borrowed from Latin abhorrēre, present active infinitive of abhorreō. Displaced earlier avourrir. First attested in 1327.


livre

French: livre

From Old French livre, from Latin liber.


livre

French: livre m

From Old French livre, from Latin lībra.

pound (unit of weight varying between 380g and 552g)


livre

From Old French livre, from Latin līber.


accorder

accorder (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
accordant (gerund participle present)

French: accorder


accepter

accepter (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
acceptant (gerund participle present)

desctree

French: accepter
→ Franco-Provençal: accèptar

→ Middle Dutch: accepteren

Dutch: accepteren


abstinent

head

abstinent m (feminine singular abstinente, masculine plural abstinents, feminine plural abstinentes)

abstinente (feminine singular)
abstinents (masculine plural)
abstinentes (feminine plural)

French: abstinent


parole

desctree

French: parole
→ Haitian Creole: pawòl
→ Romanian: parolă
→ Russian: пароль (parolʹ)
→ Eastern Mari: пароль (paroĺ)

→ English: parole


definition

→ Dutch: definitie

→ English: definition

French: définition
Haitian Creole: definisyon
→ Romanian: definiție
→ Turkish: definisyon, definasyon


trillion

ung trillion vault mille milliers de billions

1520, Étienne de La Roche, L'arismethique novellement composee, page 6:

a trillion is equivalent to a thousand thousands of billions


elephant

French: éléphant
Haitian Creole: elefan
→ Romanian: elefant

→ Irish: eilifint

→ Norman: êléphant, éléphant


libre

French: libre

From Old French libre, from Latin līber.


jour

French: jour
→ Norwegian Bokmål: jour

Inherited from Old French jor, from Late Latin diurnum, from Latin diurnus, from diēs + -nus.


alphabet

From Late Latin alphabētum, from Ancient Greek ἀλφάβητος (alphábētos), from ἄλφα (álpha) (Α,α) and βῆτα (bêta) (Β,β) (the first two letters of the Greek alphabet), from Phoenician aleph 𐤀 (ʾ, “ox”) and beth 𐤁 (b, “house”), so called because they were pictograms of those objects, having developed from the Egyptian hieroglyphs F1 (𓃾) and pr (𓉐).

alphabet (set of letters considered as a group)


langue

French: langue (see there for further descendants)

From Old French langue, from Latin lingua.


numeral

head

numeral m (feminine singular numerale, masculine plural numeraux, feminine plural numerales)

numerale (feminine singular)
numeraux (masculine plural)
numerales (feminine plural)

Numerales proporcions

1474, author unknown, Mystere de l'Incarnation:


medicine

French: médecine

From Old French medecine, with the i added back to reflect the original Latin medicīna.

medicine (act of practising medical treatment)


billion

ung billion vault mille milliers de millions

a billion is equivalent to a thousand thousands of millions


France

French: France (see there for further descendants)

→ Middle English: Fraunce, France

English: France (see there for further descendants)

Scots: Fraunce

→ Breton: Frañs


abstinence

French: abstinence

abstinence (act or practice of abstaining)


dictionnaire

desctree

French: dictionnaire
Haitian Creole: diksyonè
Louisiana Creole: diksyonær, diksyonè, diksyonèr
→ Dutch: dictionaire
→ German: Diktionär
→ Franco-Provençal: diccionèro
→ Romanian: dicționar
→ Turkish: diksiyoner

Borrowed from Medieval Latin dictiōnārium (“dictionary”), derived from Latin dictiō (“saying, speaking”) + -ārium.


os

French: os

Inherited from Old French os, from Latin ossum, popular variant of os, ossis, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ésth₁ (“bone”), *h₂óst.


religion

French: religion


y

Or me dictes fist Lancelot, des lettres qui illec sont escriptes, savez vous qui les y fist mettre

1488, Jean Dupré, Lancelot du Lac, page 12:

Now tell me, said Lancelot, about these letters that are written here, do you know who put them here?


donner

donner (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
donnant (gerund participle present)

French: donner
→ Romanian: dona

→ Dutch: doneren

From Old French doner, from Latin dōnō, dōnāre.


protester

protester (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
protestant (gerund participle present)

Lucillius, lequel protestoit n'escrire que a ses Tarentins & Consentinois

1552, François Rabelais, Le Tiers Livre:


pronunciation

French: prononciation

desctree

→ Middle English: pronunciacioun, pronunciacion
English: pronunciation
Scots: pronunciacione

oration; speech; talk (act of expressing a message verbally)

pronunciation; pronouncement (of a verdict)


secret

head

secret m (feminine singular secrete, masculine plural secrets, feminine plural secretes)

secrete (feminine singular)
secrets (masculine plural)
secretes (feminine plural)

French: secret
→ Romanian: secret


te

French: te

toy

second-person singular object and indirect object pronoun

you, second-person singular object pronoun

to you, second-person singular indirect object pronoun


language

desctree

French: langage, language (archaic or misspelling)
Haitian Creole: langaj
→ English: langaj
Mauritian Creole: langaz
Louisiana Creole: langaj
→ Romanian: limbaj (partial calque)


latin

head

latin m (feminine singular latine, masculine plural latins, feminine plural latines)

latine (feminine singular)
latins (masculine plural)
latines (feminine plural)

French: latin


throne

French: trône
→ Romanian: tron

From Old French trone, from Latin thronus, from Ancient Greek θρόνος (thrónos). The h was added back to reflect the Latin thronus, from Ancient Greek θρόνος (thrónos, “chair, throne”).


six

desctree

French: six
Haitian Creole: sis
Louisiana Creole: sis
Mauritian Creole: sis

Norman: six


de

French: de
→ English: de

Etymology tree
Proto-Italic *dē
Latin dē
Old French de
Middle French deInherited from Old French de, from Latin dē, from Proto-Italic *dē.


million

French: million

→ Crimean Tatar: million

→ Catalan: milió

desctree

→ Dutch: miljoen, millioen (obsolete)
Afrikaans: miljoen
Negerhollands: millioon
→ Caribbean Hindustani: melyun
→ Caribbean Javanese: milyun

→ English: million

→ Hawaiian: miliona

→ Maori: miriona

→ Sinhalese: මිලියනය (miliyanaya)

→ Welsh: miliwn

→ Irish: milliún

From Old French million, probably borrowed from Italian milione.


orange

French: orange (see there for further descendants)

→ Middle English: orenge, arange, araunge, orange, orynge
English: orange
→ Esperanto: oranĝo
→ Japanese: オレンジ (orenji)
→ Kashubian: orendż (Canada, United States)
→ Korean: 오렌지 (orenji)
→ Makah: ʔo·linčas
→ Malay: oren
→ Marshallese: oran
Scots: orange, oranger

From Old French orenge, from pomme d'orenge.


Montreal

English: Montreal

French: Montréal

mont + real; The island was named after the mountain located on it, mont Royal, which was named by Jacques Cartier.

Saint Lawrence River
Saint Lawrence River#English

An island in the Saint Lawrence River, in modern Canada, at its confluence with the Ottawa River.


nature

French: nature

Inherited from Old French nature, borrowed from Latin nātūra.


or

French: or
Haitian Creole: lò

→ English: or


ours

head

ours m (plural ours, feminine singular ourse, feminine plural ourses)

ours (plural)
ourse (feminine singular)
ourses (feminine plural)

French: ours

Etymology tree
Proto-Italic *orssos
Latin ursus
Old French urs
Middle French oursInherited from Old French urs, from Latin ursus, from Proto-Italic *orssos.


en

French: en


temperature

disposition; habitual state; temperament


action

French: action

From Old French acciun, aucion, etymologically reconstructed to resemble the Latin actiō.


non

French: non


parent

French: parent


turquoise

desctree

French: turquoise (“gemstone”)
Greek: τυρκουάζ (tyrkouáz)
Turkish: turkuaz
Romanian: turcoază (stone)

French: turquoise (“colour”)
Greek: τυρκουάζ (tyrkouáz)
Turkish: turkuaz
Romanian: turcoază (colour)

→ English: turquoise

→ Luxembourgish: turquoise


cousin

head

cousin m (plural cousins, feminine singular cousine, feminine plural cousines)

cousins (plural)
cousine (feminine singular)
cousines (feminine plural)

French: cousin

Inherited from Old French cosin, from Latin cōnsōbrīnus (“maternal cousin; first cousin; relation”) (possibly through Vulgar Latin *cōsuīnus, from *cōsōbīnus), from con- (prefix denoting a bringing together of several objects) + sobrīnus (“maternal cousin; sister’s son; any nephew”) (from a noun use of Proto-Italic *swezrīnos (“of or belonging to a sister”, adjective) (with the first syllable influenced by Latin soror (“sister”)), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *swésōr (“sister”), possibly from *swé (“self”) + *h₁ésh₂r̥ (“blood”) (that is, a woman of one’s own blood) or *-sōr (feminine suffix)).


fortune

→ Dutch: fortuin

French: fortune

From Old French fortune, borrowed from Latin fortuna.


quelque chose

French: quelque chose

→ English: kickshaw


art

desctree

French: art
Haitian Creole: la (< l'art)
Icelandic: art (f)

Il y a de toutes choses habondance, et ils vivent de marchandise et d'art.

15th century, Rustichello da Pisa (original author), Mazarine Master (scribe), The Travels of Marco Polo, page 15, lines 7–8:

There is an abundance of everything and they make a living from merchandise and from art


car

French: car


-able

French: -able

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *gʰeh₁bʰ-
Proto-Italic *haβēō
Latin habeō
Proto-Indo-European *-dʰlis
Proto-Italic *-ðlis
Latin -bilis
Latin -ibilis
Latin -ābilis
Old French -able
Middle French -able
Inherited from Old French -able, from Latin -ābilis.


chair

French: chair

From Old French char, charn, from Latin carnem, accusative singular of carō.


son

French: son


piece

French: pièce (see there for further descendants)

Norman: pièche (Jersey)

From Old French piece, from Vulgar Latin *pettia, from Gaulish *pettyā, from Proto-Celtic *kʷezdis (“piece, portion”).

der

Grant piece dura celle meslee

1488, Jean Dupré, Lancelot du Lac, page 75:


entrance

→ English: entrance

First attested in late Old French, from entrer + -ance.

entrance (place where entry is possible)


rose

French: rose (see there for further descendants)

→ Middle Dutch: rose

Dutch: rose


ia

French: jà (obsolete)

le Roi Artus estoit ia couché

1488, Jean Dupré, Lancelot du Lac, page 61:


chose

French: chose


an

French: an


laid

head

laid m (feminine singular laide, masculine plural laids, feminine plural laides)

laide (feminine singular)
laids (masculine plural)
laides (feminine plural)

French: laid

Le Roy de Castille estoit laid, et ses habillemens desplaisans aux François, qui s'en moquerent.

1546, Philippe de Commine, Cronique et histoire faicte et composee par feu messire Philippe de Commines ... Contenant les choses advenues durant le regne du Roy Loys unziesme, & Charles huictiesme son filz, tant en France, Bourgongne, Flandres, Arthois, Angleterre, & Italie, que Espaigne & lieux circonuoysins, page 43:

The king of Castille was ugly, and his clothing unpleasant to the French, who made fun of it.


hay

first-person singular present indicative of hayr


chat

chat m (plural chats or chatz, feminine singular chatte, feminine plural chattes)

chats (plural)
chatz (plural)
chatte (feminine singular)
chattes (feminine plural)

French: chat

From Old French chat, from Late Latin cattus.


dart

desctree

French: dard
→ Italian: dardo
→ Portuguese: dardo
→ Spanish: dardo


force

French: force
→ Polish: forsa
→ Azerbaijani: fors


explorer

explorer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
explorant (gerund participle present)


pain

French: pain (see there for further descendants)

Inherited from Old French pain, from Latin pānis, pānem.


continent

head

continent m (feminine singular continente, masculine plural continens, feminine plural continentes)

continente (feminine singular)
continens (masculine plural)
continentes (feminine plural)


science

French: science (see there for further descendants)

Inherited from Old French science, borrowed from Latin scientia, from sciēns + -ia.


race

desctree

French: race
→ German: Rasse
→ Czech: rasa
→ Polish: rasa
→ Serbo-Croatian: rasa
→ Slovene: rasa
→ Romanian: rasă

→ English: race

16th century (spelling rasse from 1480), from Italian razza (early 14th century), of uncertain origin.

Je le doy plus à ma fortune qu’à ma raison : Elle m’a faict naistre d’une race fameuse en preud’hommie, et d’un tres-bon pere

1595, Michel de Montaigne, Essais, book II, chapter 11:

I owe more to my luck than to my intelligence. It was luck that meant I was born into a race famous for its gentlemanliness, and to a very good father


me

French: me

moy

first-person singular object and indirect object pronoun

me, first-person singular object pronoun

to me, first-person singular indirect object pronoun


charlatan

→ English: charlatan

French: charlatan

→ Romanian: șarlatan


brief

head

brief m (feminine singular briefve, masculine plural briefs, feminine plural briefves)

briefve (feminine singular)
briefs (masculine plural)
briefves (feminine plural)

French: bref


sentence

[…] puis retourna s'asseoir et commença pronuncer la sentence comme s'ensuyt :

[…] then went back and sat down and started to give the verdict as follows:

tant a cause des amphibologies, equivocques, & obscuritez des motz, que de la briefveté des sentences

sentence (grammatically complete series of words)


machine

French: machine (see there for further descendants)

→ English: machine (see there for further descendants)


condition

French: condition

From Old French condicion, from Latin condicio.


tout

tout m (feminine singular toute, masculine plural tous, feminine plural toutes)

toute (feminine singular)
tous (masculine plural)
toutes (feminine plural)

toute la nuit


tout

tout (feminine singular toute, masculine plural tous, feminine plural toutes)

French: tout

Et moult y avoit de gens tout autour pour regarder la iustice de la damoiselle

1488, Jean Dupré, Lancelot du Lac, page 45:

And there were many people all around to watch the justice afforded to the lady


sang

French: sang

From Old French sanc, from Vulgar Latin sanguem, alteration of Latin sanguinem, accusative of sanguis.


heron

French: héron

From Old French heron, of Germanic origin, probably from Frankish *hraigrō.


vif

vif m (feminine singular vifve, masculine plural vifs, feminine plural vifes)

vifve (feminine singular)
vifs (masculine plural)
vifes (feminine plural)

From Old French vif, from Latin vīvus (“alive, living”).


interest

interest (great attention and concern from someone or something)


œil

desctree

French: œil
Saint Dominican Creole French: z'yeu
Haitian Creole: je
Haitian Creole: zye


bien

French: bien

well (in a positive way; in a way that meets or exceeds expectations)


balance

French: balance

From Old French balance, from Vulgar Latin *bilancia, from Latin bilanx.


effect

French: effet


et

French: et
Mauritian Creole: e, ek
→ English: et


baron

French: baron
Haitian Creole: baron
→ Arabic: بارون (bārōn)
→ Hungarian: báró
→ Polish: baron
→ Ottoman Turkish: بارون (baron)
Turkish: baron
→ Persian: بارون (bâron)
→ Romanian: baron
→ Russian: баро́н (barón)
→ Armenian: բարոն (baron)
→ Azerbaijani: baron
→ Georgian: ბარონი (baroni)
→ Ingrian: baroni
→ Uzbek: baron


election

choice; selection (person, object that is selected)

election (act or process of being elected to an office)


femme

French: femme
Antillean Creole: fanm
Guianese Creole: fanm
Haitian Creole: fanm
Karipúna Creole French: fam
Louisiana Creole: fenm, famm
Seychellois Creole: fanm

From Old French fame, femme, feme, from Latin femina, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁-m̥h₁n-éh₂ (“(the one) nursing, breastfeeding”), derivation of the verbal root *dʰeh₁(y)- (“to suck, suckle”). Various spellings such as feme, fame and fenme were used in Old French.


cheval

desctree

French: cheval
Antillean Creole: chouval
Canadian French: joual
Guianese Creole: chouval
Haitian Creole: chwal
Michif: zhwal
→ English: cheval
→ Esperanto: ĉevalo
→ Garifuna: xuval
→ Malagasy: soavaly
→ Mi'kmaq: te'sipow


prince

French: prince


matter

matter (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
mattant (gerund participle present)


mal

French: mal
→ English: mal


mal

head

mal m (feminine singular male or malle, masculine plural maulx, feminine plural males or malles)

or malle (feminine masculine singular)
maulx (masculine plural)
males (feminine plural)
malles (feminine plural)

French: mal


mal

French: mal


hospital

French: hôpital

From Old French hospital (Modern French hôpital), borrowed from Late Latin hospitālis, hospitāle (“hospice, shelter, guesthouse”) from Latin hospitālis (“hospitable”), from hospes (“host, guest”).


incorrigible

head

incorrigible m or f (plural incorrigibles)

desctree

→ Middle English: incorrigible, incorigeble, incorrigibil, incorygibile, incorigibyll
English: incorrigible

French: incorrigible

Learned borrowing from Latin incorrigibilis.

lbor

Pource que nous ne vouloiens mie que telz fais demourast incorrigibles […]

Because we don't want such deeds to go unpunished


pour

French: pour

Dieu le scet que ie ne le faisoye se non pour bien & pour Dieu & pour franchise avoir

1488, Jean Dupré, Lancelot du Lac, page 41:

God knows that I did for good, for God and to have freedom

for (indicates an intended aim or recipient)


gain

French: gain

et donnoit chascun iour de son gaaing pour Dieu

15th century, Rustichello da Pisa (original author), Mazarine Master (scribe), The Travels of Marco Polo, page 19, line 16:

and every day he gave away some of his income for God


franc

head

franc m (feminine singular franche, masculine plural frans, feminine plural franches)

franche (feminine singular)
frans (masculine plural)
franches (feminine plural)


ore

French: or

des choses lesquelles nous ne conterons pas ore

15th century, Rustichello da Pisa (original author), Mazarine Master (scribe), The Travels of Marco Polo, page 4, line 2:


masque

French: masque (see there for further descendants)

→ English: mask


content

content m (feminine singular contente, masculine plural contens, feminine plural contentes)

contente (feminine singular)
contens (masculine plural)
contentes (feminine plural)

French: content

From Old French content, borrowed from Latin contentus.


menu

menu m (feminine singular menue, masculine plural menus, feminine plural menues)

menue (feminine singular)
menus (masculine plural)
menues (feminine plural)

French: menu (see there for further descendants)


massacre

French: massacre

Of disputed origin:
* Most likely from Old French macecrer, macecler, from Vulgar Latin *matteuculāre, from *matteuca (cf. massue), from Late Latin mattia, *mattea, from Latin mateola.
* From a derivative of Latin macellum (“butcher shop”), although this is less likely.
* From Old French macacre, macecle (“slaughterhouse, butchery”), alternatively from Medieval Latin mazacrium (“massacre, slaughter, killing”, also “the head of a newly killed stag”), from Middle Low German *matskelen (“to massacre”) (compare German metzeln (“massacre”)), frequentative of matsken, matzgen (“to cut, hew”), from Proto-West Germanic *maitan, from Proto-Germanic *maitaną (“to cut”), from Proto-Indo-European *mei- (“small”). Akin to Old High German meizan (“to cut”) among others.


generation

generation (rank or degree in genealogy)


masturbation

La premiere façon est parmy nous abominable, la nature reclamant en apparence contre cette deception de nerfs, appellée masturbation.

1506, François de La Mothe Le Vaye, Quatre Dialogues Faits A L'Imitation Des Anciens, page 114:


avoir

avoir (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
ayant (gerund participle present)

French: avoir

From Old French avoir, aveir, from Latin habēre, present active infinitive of habeō (“have, hold, possess”), possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʰh₁bʰ- (“to grab, to take”).

(auxiliary) to have (verb used to form the perfect tense)


deux

French: deux


cinq

French: cinq (see there for further descendants)

→ Middle English: cynk, synk, synke

q

influenced by Italian <i class="Latn mention" lang="it">cinque</i>

English: cinque, sinque (influenced by Italian cinque); cinq

→ Japanese: シンク (shinku)


sept

French: sept


rein

French: rein


quatre

French: quatre (see there for further descendants)

From Old French quatre, from Latin quattuor, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷetwóres.


quinze

French: quinze


neuf

French: neuf

From Old French nuef, from Latin novem, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁néwn̥.


neuf

head

neuf m (feminine singular neuve, masculine plural neufs, feminine plural neuves)

neuve (feminine singular)
neufs (masculine plural)
neuves (feminine plural)

French: neuf

From Old French nuef, from Latin novus, from Proto-Indo-European *néwos.


soleil

French: soleil


abeille

desctree

French: abeille
→ Esperanto: abelo
Ido: abelo

Borrowed from Old Occitan abelha, from Latin apicula.

Apis mellifera
Apis mellifera#Translingual


void

third-person singular indicative present of veoir


maison

French: maison

house (building intended to be lived in)

il dist qu'il estoit de la maison au Roy Artus

1488, Jean Dupré, Lancelot du Lac, page 31:

he says he was from the House of King Arthur


negligence

French: négligence


lune

French: lune
Haitian Creole: lalin
Mauritian Creole: lalin
Seychellois Creole: lalin

From Old French lune, from Latin lūna, from Proto-Italic *louksnā, from Proto-Indo-European *lówksneh₂.


giraffe

French: girafe
→ Catalan: girafa
→ Luxembourgish: Giraff
→ Polish: żyrafa
→ Romanian: girafă f
→ Russian: жираф (žiraf)
→ Georgian: ჟირაფი (žirapi)
→ Ingrian: žirafa
→ Swedish: giraff
→ Finnish: kirahvi

→ English: giraffe

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂-der.?
Classical Persian سرنا
Proto-Indo-European *ped-
Proto-Indo-European *-s
Proto-Indo-European *pṓds
Proto-Indo-Iranian *pā́ts
Proto-Iranian *pā́dah
Old Persian 𐎱𐎠𐎭 (p-a-d)
Classical Persian پَا (pā)
Classical Persian زُرْنَاپَا (zurnāpā)bor.
Classical Syriac ܙܪܝܦܐbor.
Arabic زُرَافَة (zurāfa)bor.
Italian giraffabor.
Middle French giraffe
Borrowed from Italian giraffa.


dancer

dancer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
dançant (gerund participle present)


mot

French: mot


sphere

French: sphère


mer

French: mer

From Old French mer, from Latin mare, from Proto-Indo-European *móri.


corrupt

head

corrupt m (feminine singular corrupte, masculine plural corrupts, feminine plural corruptes)

corrupte (feminine singular)
corrupts (masculine plural)
corruptes (feminine plural)

corrupt (impure; not in its original form)


premier

premier m (feminine singular premiere, masculine plural premiers, feminine plural premieres)

premiere (feminine singular)
premiers (masculine plural)
premieres (feminine plural)

French: premier

From Old French premier, from Latin primarius.


vache

French: vache
Haitian Creole: vach

From Old French vache, from Latin vacca.


parlement

French: parlement

Si eurent entre euls avant disner parlement sur l'estat de leurs besoignes

They had, between them, discussion before dinner about the state of their work

mal ont fait les parlemens de la table ronde

1488, Jean Dupré, Lancelot du Lac, page 53:

they conducted the discussions of the round table badly


un

From Old French un, from Latin ūnus (“one”).


un

French: un


dy

first-person singular present indicative of dire


pied

French: pied


ce

ce m (feminine singular ceste, masculine and feminine plural ces, masculine singular before a vowel cest)

ceste (feminine singular)
ces (feminine masculine plural)
cest (before-vowel masculine singular)

1571, Pedro Díaz, Dallier, Nouueaux advertissemens trescertains venus du paÿs des Indes Meridionales […] page 5

But considering that the newly made Christians in this country were so numerous that we couldn't visit all of them

Mais considerant que les Chrestiens nouvellement faits en ce pays, estoient en si grand nombre que nous ne les pouvions visiter


accuser

accuser (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
accusant (gerund participle present)

French: accuser

From Old French acuser, accuser, borrowed from Latin accuso, accusare.


function

→ English: function

French: fonction

function (what something's intended use is)


ne

Ha ha pourdieu franc chevalier et preux ne me occisez mie

1488, Jean Dupré, Lancelot du Lac, page 22:

Ha! For the love of God honest and valiant knight, don't kill me!

et ne m'advint oncques de mentir ou asseurer chose que ne feust veritable

It never happened to me to lie or to assure someone of something that wasn't truthful

Catherine de Médicis, ne tarda pas à faire venir auprès de lui, en 1561, sa femme et ses enfants.

1562, Henry IV of France, Lettres Missives:

Catherine of Medicis did not hesitate to bring to him, in 1561, his wife and his children


operation

C'est tesmoignage de crudité et indigestion que de regorger la viande comme on l'a avallée. L'estomac n'a pas faict son operation, s'il n'a faict changer la façon et la forme a ce qu'on luy avoit donné à cuire.

It's testament of rawness and indigestion when one regurgitates meat in the same state as one swallowed it. The stomach hasn't done its function if it hasn't change the shape and the form of what one has given it to cook.


college

French: collège
→ Turkish: kolej

desctree

→ Middle English: college, colage, colege, colegg, colegie, collage
English: college (see there for further descendants)
Scots: college

→ Dutch: college
→ Indonesian: kolese

Inherited from Old French college, from Latin collēgium.

An institution or organization (an organised establishment of people):

A monastery or convent; a monastic institution.

A college (semi-autonomous university institution)


mast

French: mât


à

1537, Cicero (original author), Epistres familiaires traduictz de latin en francois et nouvellement imprimez link
on les vend à Paris

(16th century onwards) Alternative form of a: at; to


Christ

French: Christ

Borrowed from Latin Christus from Ancient Greek Χριστός (Khristós), proper noun use of χριστός (khristós, “the anointed one”).


lever

lever (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
levant (gerund participle present)

French: lever


es

second-person singular present indicative of estre


es

Contraction of en + les (“in the (plural)”).


province

French: province

→ Middle English: provynce, provynse, province, provyns
English: province
Tok Pisin: provins
Scots: province

Elle est moult grant province.

15th century, Rustichello da Pisa (original author), Mazarine Master (scribe), The Travels of Marco Polo, page 14:


pilot

stake (pole designed to be pushed into the ground)


interpreter

interpreter (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
interpretant (gerund participle present)

French: interpréter

to interpret; to find meaning in something


la

head

la f (masculine le, masculine and feminine plural les)

le (masculine)
les (feminine masculine plural)

French: la

→ Norwegian Bokmål: la


la

French: là


vent

French: vent

From Old French vent, from Latin ventus.


noise

French: noise


serpent

French: serpent

From Old French serpent, from Latin serpentem, accusative singular form of serpēns.


coeur

desctree

French: cœur
Antillean Creole: kè
Haitian Creole: kè, kœ
→ Polish: kier


foible

→ English: foible

French: faible


se

French: se

The third-person reflexive and reciprocal direct object pronoun.

The third-person reflexive and reciprocal indirect object pronoun.

ils se donnerent bataille

they gave each other battle (they gave battle to each other)


dieu

French: dieu
Haitian Creole: dye


forest

French: forêt

Mais quand il eut mis fin a ses parolles, & que semblablement les forestz resonnãtes se furent appaisées […]

But when he had finished talking, and the forests felt appeased […]


sel

French: sel


preference

preference (option preferred over another option)


real

head

real m (feminine singular reale, masculine plural reals, feminine plural reales)

reale (feminine singular)
reals (masculine plural)
reales (feminine plural)


vision

French: vision

Inherited from Old French vision, borrowed from Latin vīsiō.


sans

French: sans


si

French: si


pause

→ English: pause

French: pause


est

third-person singular present indicative of estre


robber

robber (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
robbant (gerund participle present)


beau

head

beau m (feminine singular belle, masculine plural beaux, feminine plural belles)

belle (feminine singular)
beaux (masculine plural)
belles (feminine plural)

French: beau

From Old French beau, one of the variants of biau.


passer

passer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
passant (gerund participle present)

desctree

French: passer
→ Alemannic German: passiere
→ German: passieren
Romanian: → pasa, → trece (semantic loan)

Cy aprés parle comment les deux freres passerent le desert

15th century, Rustichello da Pisa (original author), Mazarine Master (scribe), The Travels of Marco Polo, page 3, line 2:


special

head

special m (feminine singular speciale, masculine plural speciaulx, feminine plural speciales)

speciale (feminine singular)
speciaulx (masculine plural)
speciales (feminine plural)

special; extraordinary; beyond what is usual


main

desctree

French: main
→? English: main
→⇒ German: Lamäng
Haitian Creole: men
Louisiana Creole: men
⇒ Mauritian Creole: lame

From Old French main, mein, man, from Latin manus.


inevitable

French: inévitable


arme

French: arme


ny

French: ni


pou

French: peu


tube

French: tube
→ Romanian: tub
→ Turkish: tüp

→ English: tube


rouge

From Old French roge, rouge, from Latin rubeus.


rouge

French: rouge
→ English: rouge
Haitian Creole: rouj, wouj
→ Hijazi Arabic: روج (rōj)
→ Japanese: ルージュ (rūju)
→ Korean: 루주 (ruju)
Louisiana Creole: rouj
→ Norwegian Nynorsk: rouge
→ Serbo-Croatian: ruž
→ Swedish: rouge
→ Turkish: ruj


dormir

French: dormir

From Old French dormir, from Latin dormiō, dormīre.


partir

French: partir

From Old French partir, from Latin partīre, present active infinitive of partiō (“I distribute, divide”).

(intransitive or reflexive, se partir) to leave

Nous partons le fruict de nostre chasse avec noz chiens et oyseaux, comme la peine et l’industrie.

We divide up the fruit of our hunt with our dogs and birds, just as we do the pain and the hard work.


globe

→ English: globe

French: globe

globe (sphere showing a representation of the Earth)


passion

French: passion


adviser

adviser (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
advisant (gerund participle present)

French: aviser

Old French aviser, with the d added back to reflect the Late Latin advisō.


barbe

French: barbe

From Old French barbe, from Latin barba, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰardʰeh₂.


advancement

French: avancement

From Old French avancement, with the d added back to reflect the Latin.


admirable

French: admirable


portal

gate (doorlike structure usually outside of a building or property)


rogue

From Old French rogre (“haughty; aggressive; exhilarated”), from Old Norse hrokr (“excess; insolence”), for which see Icelandic hroki (“arrogance”). Cognate with Icelandic hrokur (“arrogance”).


chief

French: chef (see there for further descendants)


matinee

French: matinée


manioc

desctree

French: manioc
→ German: Maniok
→ Ottoman Turkish: مانیوق
Turkish: manyok
→ Romanian: manioc

→ English: manioc

→ Lingala: manyɔ́kɔ

→ Romanian: manioc


bon

head

bon m (feminine singular bonne, masculine plural bons, feminine plural bonnes)

bonne (feminine singular)
bons (masculine plural)
bonnes (feminine plural)
meilleur (comparative)
meilleur (superlative)

French: bon

good (virtuous, having positive qualities)


opposite

opposite (located directly across from something else, or from each other)


desert

French: désert


duration

From late Old French duracion, borrowed from Latin dūrātiō, dūrātiōnem.


pays

desctree

French: pays
→ Catalan: país
→ Portuguese: país (see there for further descendants)
→ Spanish: país


adventure

From Old French avanture, with the addition of a d to reflect Latin adventūrum.


advantage

French: avantage
→ Albanian: avantazh
→ Franco-Provençal: avantâjo
→ Greek: αβαντάζ (avantáz)
→ Polish: awantaż
→ Portuguese: vantagem
→ Romanian: avantaj
→ Spanish: ventaja
→ Turkish: avantaj

Et pour commencer a luy oster son plus grand advantage contre nous, prenons voye toute contraire a la commune.

And to start removing the biggest advantage it has against us, let's the take opposite route to the usual one.


haste

French: hâte


hardy

head

hardy m (feminine singular hardye, masculine plural hardys, feminine plural hardyes)

hardye (feminine singular)
hardys (masculine plural)
hardyes (feminine plural)

French: hardi


migration

migration (movement from one place to another)


-ie

French: -ie

indicates a feminine noun, often an abstract one


vene

French: veine

→ Vietnamese: ven


ante

French: tante


nerf

French: nerf


discussion

From Late Latin discussiō, from Latin discutiō.


urine

From Old French orine, respelled urine to reflect the Latin spelling urina.


hostel

French: hôtel (see there for further descendants)

hotel; hostel; inn (establishment offering rooms for hire)


lieutenant

desctree

→ German: Leutnant, Leutenant (archaic), Lieutenant (archaic)
→ Estonian: leitnant
→ Lower Sorbian: leutnant

→ English: lieutenant, leftenant, leftenaunt, lieftenant, lieftenaunt, lieutenaunt (obsolete)
→ Irish: leifteanant
→ Malay: leftenan
→ Swahili: luteni

French: lieutenant
→ Danish: løjtnant
→ Faroese: loytnantur
→ Romansch: litinent

lieutenant (person who executes the plans and directives of another)


execution

French exécution

From Latin execūtiō, an agent noun from exsequor (“follow out”), itself from ex + sequor (“follow”).

execution (act of putting to death or being put to death as a penalty, or actions so associated)


roe

French: roue


muscle

French: muscle

→ Middle English: muscle

English: muscle


average

The Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch derives the word from Old French aver + -age, where aver means "cattle" and is cognate to English aver (“work-horse, working ox, or other beast of burden”). The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary (1993) compares it to Medieval Latin averagium, from averia (“beast of burden”) (which the Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch in turn links to habeō (“to have”)).

average (service that a tenant owed his lord, to be done by the animals of the tenant, such as the transportation of wheat, turf, etc.)


marcher

marcher (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
marchant (gerund participle present)

French: marcher

→ Middle English: marchen

English: march


nous

French: nous


application

French: application

From Old French aplicacion, from Latin applicātiōnem, accusative singular of applicātiō.


-ette

French: -ette

From Old French -ete, from Latin -ittus.


quart

head

quart m (feminine singular quarte, masculine plural quarts, feminine plural quartes)

quarte (feminine singular)
quarts (masculine plural)
quartes (feminine plural)


-er

French: -er

Etymology tree
Proto-Italic *-āzi
Proto-Indo-European *-os
Latin -ereinflu.
Latin -āre
Old French -ier
Middle French -er
Inherited from Old French -ier／-er, from Latin -āre.

etymon

Forms infinitives of first-conjugation verbs


-er

French: -ier, -er

→ English: -eer, -er

Etymology tree
Latin -ārius
Old French -ier
Middle French -erFrom Old French -ier, from Latin -ārius.

bouc + -er → boucher (“butcher”)


carnage

→ English: carnage

French: carnage

Probably from a Norman or Picard (Old Northern French) variant of Old French charnage, itself from char (“flesh”), or from a Medieval Latin carnaticum (“slaughter of animals”), from Latin carō, carnem.


ineffable

ineffable (unable to be expressed in words)


bastard

head

bastard m (plural bastars, feminine singular bastarde, feminine plural bastardes)

bastars (plural)
bastarde (feminine singular)
bastardes (feminine plural)

From Old French bastard, from Late Latin bastardus.


bastard

bastard m (feminine singular bastarde, masculine plural bastars, feminine plural bastardes)

bastarde (feminine singular)
bastars (masculine plural)
bastardes (feminine plural)

French: bâtard


ainsi

French: ainsi


certitude

French: certitude

Borrowed from Late Latin certitūdō, from Latin certus (“sure”).


remettre

Old French remetre, equivalent to re- + mettre (“to put”).


clef

French: clef, clé

→ English: clef


soufre

French: soufre

From Old French sulfre, soffre, from Latin sulfur, sulphur, sulphure, from Proto-Indo-European *swelplos, from the root *swel- (“to burn, smoulder”).


boire

French: boire

From Old French boivre, beivre, from Latin bibō, bibere.


vivre

French: vivre

From Old French vivre, from Latin vīvere, present active infinitive of vīvō.


monstre

French: monstre
→ Romanian: monstru

Vien à l'umbrage en ce boys de grand' monstre

1542, Clement Marot, Oeuvres augmentees d'ung grand nombre de ses compositions nouvelles, link:

Came into the shadow in these woods of a great monster


eage

age (amount of time something has existed)


erection

French: érection

Borrowed from Latin ērectiō, ērectiōnem.


manger

manger (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
mangeant (gerund participle present)

French: manger (see there for further descendants)


chant

French: chant

chant de Cycne est praesaige certain de sa mort prochaine

1552, François Rabelais, Le Tiers Livre:

the song of the swan is a certain prediction of its death


ducal

ducal m (feminine singular ducale, masculine plural ducaulx, feminine plural ducales)

ducale (feminine singular)
ducaulx (masculine plural)
ducales (feminine plural)


donation

French: donation
→ Romanian: donație

→ Middle English: donacion, donation

English: donation

From Latin dōnātiōnem, accusative singular of dōnātiō.


bœuf

From Old French buef, boef, from Latin bos, bovem.


dent

French: dent f


philosophe

ung moult preudomme clerc et philosophe trés saige

1488, Jean Dupré, Lancelot du Lac, page 29:


cap

French: cap

→ English: cape

1369-1400, Jean Froissart, Chroniques
Armez de pié en cap


manufacture

Italian manufactura, from Medieval Latin manufactura.


faux

faux m (feminine singular fauce, masculine plural faux, feminine plural fauces)

fauce (feminine singular)
faux (masculine plural)
fauces (feminine plural)


vice

French: vice

From Old French vice, borrowed from Latin vitium.


voeu

French: vœu


soeur

French: sœur


justification

→ English: justification

French: justification

From Old French, borrowed from Late Latin iustificationem, justificationem.


où

French: où

From Old French ou, from Latin ubi. The grave accent was added in Middle French to differentiate from ou (“or”).


traire

French: traire

arbalestriers commencierent a traire sur le chastel

[the] crossbowmen started to fire at the castle


mettre

mettre (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
mettant (gerund participle present)

French: mettre

From Old French metre, from Latin mittō.


pierre

French: pierre (see there for further descendants)


vous

French: vous

From Old French vos, vous, from Latin vōs.

yourself (second-person plural or polite reflexive pronoun)


plaire

French: plaire


cul

French: cul

Inherited from Old French, from Latin cūlus.


tuer

tuer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
tuant (gerund participle present)

French: tuer


faire

faire (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
faisant (gerund participle present)

French: faire

entre tant que on fera un pappe nous pourrons bien aler en Venisse

15th century, Rustichello da Pisa (original author), Mazarine Master (scribe), The Travels of Marco Polo, page 7, lines 8–9:

while they are electing a Pope, we could well go to Venice


occision

killing (action of killing, of rendering something dead)


monde

desctree

French: monde
Saint Dominican Creole French: monde
Haitian Creole: moun
→ English: monde

Norman: maonde


monde

French: monde


royal

head

royal m (feminine singular royale, masculine plural royaulx, feminine plural royales)

royale (feminine singular)
royaulx (masculine plural)
royales (feminine plural)

French: royal

From Old French roial, from Latin rēgālem.

royal (of or relating to a monarch or their family)


fer

French: fer (see there for further descendants)


ire

French: ire


quitter

quitter (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
quittant (gerund participle present)

French: quitter

to release from an obligation; to forgive (a debt)


jus

desctree

French: jus
Haitian Creole: ji
→ Algerian Arabic: جي
→ Dutch: jus
→ English: jus
→ German: Jus, Schü (obsolete)
→ Danish: sky
→ Swedish: sky
→ Luxembourgish: Jus
→ Norwegian Bokmål: sjy
→ Norwegian Nynorsk: sjy
→ West Frisian: sjú

Norman: jus

From Old French jus (“juice”), from Latin iūs (“gravy, broth, sauce, juice”).


il

French: il

it (impersonal, or referring to an unknown person)


œuf

French: œuf


ou

15th century, Chronique de Charles VII roi de France par Jean Chartier, Tomé II, edited by Vallet de Viriville. Paris: P. Jannet, 1858, page 18.
Discord et division ou royaulme de Castile.

Discord and division within the kingdom of Castile


lieu

French: lieu


noir

head

noir m (feminine singular noire, masculine plural noirs, feminine plural noires)

noire (feminine singular)
noirs (masculine plural)
noires (feminine plural)

desctree

French: noir, Noir (for the noun with the sense "black person")
Haitian Creole: nwa
Karipúna Creole French: nué, nég


bleu

head

bleu m (feminine singular bleue, masculine plural bleus, feminine plural bleues)

bleue (feminine singular)
bleus (masculine plural)
bleues (feminine plural)

From Old French blöe, bleve, blef (“blue”), from Late Latin blāvus, from Frankish *blāu (“blue”), from Proto-Germanic *blēwaz (“blue”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰleh₁- (“yellow, grey, blue”), from *bʰel- (“to shine”). Cognate with Old High German blāo (“blue”) (German blau), Dutch blauw (“blue”), Old English blāw (“blue”). More at blue.


bleu

desctree

French: bleu
Haitian Creole: ble
→ Greek: μπλε (ble)
→ Italian: blu
→ Ladino: blu
Louisiana Creole: blé, ble

→ Dutch: bleu


feu

French: feu


roc

French: roc


mentir

French: mentir


fin

French: fin


les

head

les m pl or f pl (masculine singular le, feminine singular la)

le (masculine singular)
la (feminine singular)

French: les

from Old French les, from Latin illōs m and illās f


blanc

blanc m (feminine singular blanche, masculine plural blancs, feminine plural blanches)

blanche (feminine singular)
blancs (masculine plural)
blanches (feminine plural)

French: blanc (see there for further descendants)


siege

French: siège

siege (prolonged military assault or a blockade of a city or fortress with the intent of conquering by force or attrition)


dont

French: dont


prepuce

French: prépuce


par

French: par
→ English: par

Comment Epistemon qui avoit la teste tranchée, fut guery habillement par Panurge.

How Epistemon who had his head cut off was adroitly cured by Panurge


ay

first-person singular present indicative of avoir


espoire

Vient, non au plus fort ou greigneur:
Mais à qui luy plaist, com fault croire:
Doncq a & chevance & honneur
Cil qui par foy en luy espoire.

third-person singular present indicative of esperer


moderne

First attested in the 14th century, borrowed from Latin modernus.


present

1417, La disputation de l'Asne contre frere Anselme Turmeda http://books.google.fr/books?id=Uf47AAAAcAAJ&pg=PT212&dq=%22faire+un+present%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=qZDCU4ynBsey7Abs4oDoAQ&ved=0CDgQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=%22faire%20un%20present%22&f=false
Un iour qu'il alloit par ladite cité & passant p[ar] la rue de la mer, veit une guenon dedans un panier & l'acheta pour en faire un present audit conte d'Armignac son parent, pource que en France i'a pas beaucoup de telz animaux.

One day as he was walking through said city and passing through la Rue de Mer, he saw an Old World monkey in a basket and bought it to give it as a present to the Count of Armignac, his father, because there are not many animals like this one in France.


plat

plat m (feminine singular plate, masculine plural plats, feminine plural plates)

plate (feminine singular)
plats (masculine plural)
plates (feminine plural)

French: plat
→ Romanian: plat

From Old French plat, from Vulgar Latin *plattus, borrowed from Ancient Greek πλατύς (platús), from Proto-Indo-European *pléth₂us, from *pleth₂- + *-us.


repentant

head

repentant (feminine singular repentante, masculine plural repentans, feminine plural repentantes)

repentante (feminine singular)
repentans (masculine plural)
repentantes (feminine plural)

(may be preceded by en, invariable) gerund of repentir


past

From Old French past, from Latin pastus (“pasture”).

Verité est le past de l'ame.

1537, Giles du Guez, quoting John Palsgrave (c. 1485–1554), An Introductorie for to lerne to speke Frenche trewly

Il dit aussi que les choux mangez avant le past gardent d'enyvrer.

He also says that cabbage, when eaten before a meal, reduces how much one gets drunk.


porc

French: porc

From Old French porc, from Latin porcus.


integral

integral m (feminine singular integrale, masculine plural integraux, feminine plural integrales)

integrale (feminine singular)
integraux (masculine plural)
integrales (feminine plural)

French: intégral

Borrowed from Medieval Latin integrālis, from Latin integer.

integral, necessary to the function of the whole


le

le m (feminine la, masculine and feminine plural les)

la (feminine)
les (feminine masculine plural)

French: le


pere

desctree

French: père
→ Dutch: pere
→ English: père

Norman: père, pére, péthe

From Old French pere, from Latin pater, patrem.


chapelle

French: chapelle
Antillean Creole: chapèl
→ Turkish: şapel


desastre

Le second desastre d'icelle Eglise, advint encores par feu, l'an 973

1609, Thierry Rolins, Parthenie ou histoire de la tres-auguste et tres-devote Eglise de Chartres:

The second disaster for the Church was again by fire, in 973


cure

French: cure


surprise

feminine singular of the past participle of surprendre


medical

From Latin medicālis, from medius (“middle”).


regarder

regarder (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
regardant (gerund participle present)

→ English: regard

French: regarder


avete

1600, Olivier de Serres, Le Théâtre d'Agriculture et Mesnage des Champs, 1996 ed., Paris: Actes Sud, 631, →ISBN
Le ruscher sera assis en lieu net et secret ; les avetes haïssans la saleté et toutes sortes de mauvaises senteurs, marescages, bourbiers, fumiers, retraicts, et semblables endroits puants.

(please add an English translation of this quotation)


mourir

French: mourir
Haitian Creole: mouri
Louisiana Creole: mouri


naissant

head

naissant (feminine singular naissante, masculine plural naissans, feminine plural naissantes)

naissante (feminine singular)
naissans (masculine plural)
naissantes (feminine plural)

(may be preceded by en, invariable) gerund of naistre


grave

French: grave

→ Norwegian Bokmål: grave


col

French: cou, col


maritime

French: maritime
→ Dutch: maritiem

→ English: maritime

Ceste-ci n'est pas si grande ni si plaisante que l'autre : elle a pourtant d'autres choses qui recompensent bien ces defauts, dont la principale est la situatió maritime.

1587, François de La Noue, F. E. Sutcliffe, Discours politiques et militaires ...:Nouvellement recueillis & mis en lumiere, pages 829–830:


là

(late Middle French) Alternative form of la (there; at a given location)


loyal

loyal m (feminine singular loyale, masculine plural loyaux, feminine plural loyales)

loyale (feminine singular)
loyaux (masculine plural)
loyales (feminine plural)

French: loyal


porter

porter (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
portant (gerund participle present)

French: porter

From Old French porter, from Latin portō, portāre.

porter la banniere


dire

French: dire

From Old French dire, from a contraction of Latin dīcere, present active infinitive of dīcō.


chausse

French: chausse

stocking (garment worn on the foot and leg)


nation

French: nation


cooperation

Dieu au commencement avoit fait l'omme, c'est assavoir Adam sans cooperation de homme et de femme

At the beginning, God had made man, that is to say Adam without the cooperation between man and woman


serf

French: serf


logical

logical m (feminine singular logicale, masculine plural logicaulx, feminine plural logicales)

logicale (feminine singular)
logicaulx (masculine plural)
logicales (feminine plural)


lance

French: lance


joint

frm-past participle

joint m (feminine singular jointe, masculine plural joins, feminine plural jointes)

jointe (feminine singular)
joins (masculine plural)
jointes (feminine plural)


voix

French: voix

From Old French voiz, from Latin vox, vocem.


excellent

head

excellent m (feminine singular excellente, masculine plural excellens, feminine plural excellentes)

excellente (feminine singular)
excellens (masculine plural)
excellentes (feminine plural)

1549, Commentaires tres excellens de l'hystoire des plantes, Paris:


region

French: région
→ Romanian: regiune


guardian

Old French garden, from the verb guarder.


rage

French: rage
→ German: Rage

Inherited from Old French rage, raige, from Late Latin rabia, from Classical Latin rabiēs.


elegant

elegant m (feminine singular elegante, masculine plural elegants, feminine plural elegantes)

elegante (feminine singular)
elegants (masculine plural)
elegantes (feminine plural)


rider

rider (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
ridant (gerund participle present)

French: rider

From Old French rider (“to wrinkle”), from Old High German rīdan (“to turn; twist”).


hazard

French: hasard


fumer

fumer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
fumant (gerund participle present)


indifferent

head

indifferent m (feminine singular indifferente, masculine plural indifferents, feminine plural indifferentes)

indifferente (feminine singular)
indifferents (masculine plural)
indifferentes (feminine plural)


logier

logier (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
logeant (gerund participle present)

desctree

French: loger
→ Dutch: logeren
→ Esperanto: loĝi


poiser

poiser (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
poisant (gerund participle present)

From Old French poiser, variant of peser based on the tonic stem, from Latin pēnsāre.

(figuratively) to weigh on; to be a burden or a problem


lien

French: lien

→ Middle English: lien

English: lien


dance

French: danse


loge

French: loge
→ German: Loge
→ Dutch: loge
→ Macedonian: ложа (loža)
→ Norwegian Bokmål: losje
→ Norwegian Nynorsk: losje
→ Polish: loża
→ Russian: ло́жа (lóža)
→ Persian: لژ (lož)
→ Swedish: loge
→ Ukrainian: ло́жа (lóža)

From Old French loge, borrowed from Frankish *laubijā, from Proto-West Germanic *laub + *-jō.


loge

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

nonlemma

first-person singular/third-person singular present indicative/subjunctive

inflection of loger, logier:
second-person singular imperative


taster

taster (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
tastant (gerund participle present)

French: tâter

From Old French taster, from a late Vulgar Latin *tastāre, from contraction of *taxitāre, iterative of Late Latin taxāre, present active infinitive of taxō, from Classical Latin tangō (“I touch”). Compare Catalan and Occitan tastar, Italian tastare.


clarification

French: clarification

→ English: clarification


soy

French: soi


desolation

French: désolation f

Derived from Old French desolacion f, from Latin dēsōlātiō f or learned borrowing directly from the Latin term.


deliberation

French: délibération


continuation

French: continuation


dehors

French: dehors


mere

French: mère
Haitian Creole: mè

From Old French mere medre, from Latin māter, mātrem.


mort

French: mort
→ English: mort

From Old French mort, from Latin mors, mortem.


champ

French: champ m
→ English: champ

>? French: camp m

desctree

→ Dutch: kamp n
Afrikaans: kamp
Petjo: kamp
→ Indonesian: kamp
→ Sranan Tongo: kampu
→ Caribbean Javanese: kampu

Inherited from Old French champ m (e.i.).


assault

French: assaut


caper

caper (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
capant (gerund participle present)


impregnation

From Old French impregnacion, from Latin impregnatio.


char

French: chair


vis

French: vis


incarnation

French: incarnation

From Old French incarnacion, borrowed from Ecclesiastical Latin incarnātiō, incarnātiōnem.

bor

(Christianity) Incarnation. Specifically, the incarnation of God in the form of Jesus Christ.


insatiable

French: insatiable

→ Middle English: insaciable

English: insatiable

Inherited from Old French insaciable, from Latin insatiābilis. by surface analysis, in- + satiable.


fatal

head

fatal m (feminine singular fatale, masculine plural fatals, feminine plural fatales)

fatale (feminine singular)
fatals (masculine plural)
fatales (feminine plural)

First known attestation 1380, from Latin fātālis (“fatal”).


nacre

desc

French: nacre (“mother-of-pearl”), nacaire (“a small drum”)

→ Catalan: nacre

→ Portuguese: nácar

→ Spanish: nácar

→ English: nacre, naker, nacker (obsolete)

From Old French nacre, nacaire, from Medieval Latin nacchara, from Arabic نَقَّارَة (naqqāra).

Les Nacres aussi sont de la race des poissons à escailles.

1608, chapter 42, in Histoire du monde... mis en français par Antoine Dupinet, page 490:


invader

invader (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
invadant (gerund participle present)

First known attestation 1415, borrowed from Latin invādō. Doublet of envahir.


grant

(early Middle French) Alternative form of grand


imagination

French: imagination

From Old French imaginacion, borrowed from Latin imāginātiō.


grand

head

grand m (feminine singular grande, masculine plural grands, feminine plural grandes)

grande (feminine singular)
grands (masculine plural)
grandes (feminine plural)
greigneur (comparative)
greigneur (superlative)

French: grand

Norman: grand

Picard: grand

→ English: grand

From Old French grant, from Latin grandis, grandem.


payer

payer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
payant (gerund participle present)

French: payer


rosette

French: rosette

→ English: rosette

From Old French rosete, from rose + -ete. By surface analysis, rose + -ette.

etymon

rosette (ornamental imitation of a rose)


trenchant

French: tranchant


scene

First known attestation 1486, borrowed from Latin scaena.

stage (location where a play, etc., takes place)


desirer

desirer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
desirant (gerund participle present)

French: désirer


peregrination

From Old French, from Latin peregrīnātiō (“journey”), from peregrīnor (“sojourn”).


pas

French: pas


court

French: cour

quant il les eut faictes si les scella & les bailla a la damoiselle pour porter l'andemain a court

when he had written them [the letters] he then sealed them and entrusted them to the lady to take them tomorrow to the court


argent

desctree

French: argent m
Haitian Creole: ajan
Louisiana Creole: larjên


combatant

head

combatant (feminine singular combatante, masculine plural combatans, feminine plural combatantes)

combatante (feminine singular)
combatans (masculine plural)
combatantes (feminine plural)

(may be preceded by en, invariable) gerund of combatre


temps

French: temps

From Old French temps, tens, tans, from Latin tempus.


evidence

French: évidence


fol

fol m (feminine singular folle, masculine plural folz, feminine plural folles)

folle (feminine singular)
folz (masculine plural)
folles (feminine plural)


fol

fol m (plural fols, feminine singular folle, feminine plural folles)

fols (plural)
folle (feminine singular)
folles (feminine plural)

French: fol, fou
Louisiana Creole: fou


legion

French: légion


indivisible

indivisible m or f (plural indivisibles)


intelligence

Je souhaiterois avoir plus parfaicte comprehension des choses, mais je ne la veux pas achepter si cher qu’elle couste.

1595, Michel de Montaigne, Essais, book II, chapter 10:

I would like to have a more perfect knowledge of everything, but I don't want to buy it for how much it costs


veritable

→ English: veritable

French: véritable


grotesque

→ English: grotesque

French: grotesque
→ Romanian: grotesc


autrice

Quelqu’vn vous dira telles Dames n’eſtre autrices des conſtitutions, qui ſouz leur nom ſont publiées, ains leur conseillers.

1554, Louis Le Caron, La Claire, ov De la prudence de droit, dialogue premier. Plus, La clarté amoureuſe, page 17b:

Someone will tell you they ladies are not authors of the laws, which under their name are published, but their advisers.


mille

mille (usually invariable, plural milles)

French: mille

→ Garifuna: milu (possibly)

From Old French mile, from Latin mīlle (“thousand”) (plural mīlia).


qui

French: qui


chercher

chercher (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
cherchant (gerund participle present)

French: chercher

From an alteration of Old French cerchier, sercher, cercier, cercer through assimilation.


ramification

→ English: ramification

French: ramification

De laquelle nous donnerons la divarication, cestadire ramification, ou division en ses rameaux, quand nous traicterons du foye.

1570, Jean Canappe, Tables anatomiques du corps humain universel: soit de l'homme, ou de la femme, page 24:

From which [from the vein] we get separating out, that is to say ramification, or division into several branches, when we are talking about the liver.


evident

evident m (feminine singular evidente, masculine plural evidents, feminine plural evidentes)

evidente (feminine singular)
evidents (masculine plural)
evidentes (feminine plural)

French: évident


mortel

mortel m (feminine singular mortelle, masculine plural mortels, feminine plural mortelles)

mortelle (feminine singular)
mortels (masculine plural)
mortelles (feminine plural)

si ay molt grant paour qu'il ne soit navré de playes mortelles

1488, Jean Dupré, Lancelot du Lac, page 57:

then I'm very afraid that he's been wounded with fatal wounds


police

containing the causes, the order, means and management employed to purge, clean and deliver the city

1577, Jean d'Ogerolles, Discours sur la contagion de peste qui a esté ceste presente annee en la ville de Lyon, front cover contenant les causes d'icelle, l'ordre, moyen et police tenue pour en purger, nettoyer et delivrer la ville (subheading)


permanent

permanent m (feminine singular permanente, masculine plural permanents, feminine plural permanentes)

permanente (feminine singular)
permanents (masculine plural)
permanentes (feminine plural)


cloche

bell (metal apparatus used to produce sound)


satellite

English: satellite

French: satellite

Dutch: satelliet

Borrowed from Latin satellitem, accusative singular of satelles.

(military, Antiquity) a guard or watchman


manuscript

French: manuscrit


precision

French: précision

→ English: precision

First known attestation 1380, borrowed from Latin praecisiō.


isle

French: île (see there for further descendants)

From Old French isle, from Latin insula.


movement

French: mouvement


fist

third-person singular past historic of faire


social

social m (feminine singular sociale, masculine plural sociaulx, feminine plural sociales)

sociale (feminine singular)
sociaulx (masculine plural)
sociales (feminine plural)

→ English: social

French: social

First known attestation 1355, borrowed from Latin sociālis.

social (tending to spend time with others)


gaspiller

gaspiller (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
gaspillant (gerund participle present)

1561, Jean Zonaras, Maumont, Les Histoires et chroniques du Monde tirées tant du gros volume de Ian Zonaras, page 423

And upon this, to fight, destroy and shake them up in the public market

Et sur cela, d'eux entrebatre, gaspiller, sabouler au public marché


composition

French: composition


prevarication

→ English: prevarication

French: prévarication

prevarication (deviation from what is right)


tref

tent, temporary hut or other similar building


equitable

French: équitable

English: equitable


tomber

French: tomber, tumer (dialectal)


excision

English: excision

French: excision

Quand le patient refuse ayde et remedes necessaires a la curation de la maladie, laquelle de soy est incurable, comme excision d'ung chancre qui occupe quelque membre.

1549, Jean Tagault, Les institutions chirurgiques:


plain

plain m (feminine singular plaine, masculine plural plains, feminine plural plaines)

plaine (feminine singular)
plains (masculine plural)
plaines (feminine plural)

From Old French plain, from Latin plēnus.


confusion

French: confusion


trouver

trouver (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
trouvant (gerund participle present)

French: trouver

From Old French trover, truver, from Vulgar Latin *tropāre, present active infinitive of *tropō, from Latin tropus.


parler

parler (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
parlant (gerund participle present)

French: parler
Haitian Creole: pale


fort

fort m (feminine singular forte, masculine plural fors, feminine plural fortes)

forte (feminine singular)
fors (masculine plural)
fortes (feminine plural)

→ English: fort

French: fort


finir

finir (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
finissant (gerund participle present)

French: finir

(transitive, intransitive) to finish; to end


chemin

French: chemin

Inherited from Old French chemin, from Early Medieval Latin cammīnus, from Proto-Celtic *kanxsman, from *kengeti + *-sman.


deplorable

Late 15th century, borrowed from Latin dēplōrābilis.


assez

French: assez


adapter

adapter (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
adaptant (gerund participle present)


que

French: que

si en fut tant dolent qu'il ne sçavoit que dire

1488, Jean Dupré, Lancelot du Lac, page 61:

then he was so sad that he didn't know what to say


valet

French: valet


reverence

head

reverence f (usually uncountable, plural reverences)


viande

French: viande

(16th century onwards) meat (edible flesh of an animal)


vin

French: vin (see there for further descendants)

From Old French vin,from Latin vīnum (“wine”).

Quand je bois du vin clairet
Ami tout tourne, tourne, tourne, tourne
Aussi désormais je bois Anjou ou Arbois
Chantons et buvons, à ce flacon faisons la guerre

1530, anonymous, Quand je bois du vin clairet (tourdion)

When I drink a clairet wine,
friend, everything spins, spins, spins,
So these days I drink Anjou or Arbois wine.
Let us sing and drink and declare war on this bottle,
Let us sing and drink, friends, let us therefore drink!

Chantons et buvons, les amis, buvons donc !


exempt

exempt m (feminine singular exempte, masculine plural exempts, feminine plural exemptes)

exempte (feminine singular)
exempts (masculine plural)
exemptes (feminine plural)

From Latin exemptus, past participle of eximō.


cynic

cynic m (feminine singular cynicque, masculine plural cynics, feminine plural cynicques)

cynicque (feminine singular)
cynics (masculine plural)
cynicques (feminine plural)


verge

English: verge

French: verge

From Old French verge, virge, from Latin virga.

Exodus, the Bible
Moyse ietta en la terre la verge qu'il tenoit dans sa main […] elle fust soudain changé en serpent
Moses throw on the ground the staff that he held in is hand […] suddenly, it changes into a serpent


verge

French: vierge

From Old French verge, vierge, virge, from virgene, from Latin virginem, accusative of virgō.

female virgin (female person who has never had sexual intercourse)


impudent

impudent m (feminine singular impudente, masculine plural impudens, feminine plural impudentes)

impudente (feminine singular)
impudens (masculine plural)
impudentes (feminine plural)


impotent

impotent m (feminine singular impotente, masculine plural impotens, feminine plural impotentes)

impotente (feminine singular)
impotens (masculine plural)
impotentes (feminine plural)

impotent (incapable of sexual intercourse)


assistant

assistant (feminine singular assistante, masculine plural assistans, feminine plural assistantes)

assistante (feminine singular)
assistans (masculine plural)
assistantes (feminine plural)

(may be preceded by en, invariable) gerund of assister


ville

French: ville


grange

French: grange


torment

From Old French torment, from Latin tormentum.


response

French: réponse


commencer

commencer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
commençant (gerund participle present)

French: commencer (see there for further descendants)

(transitive, intransitive) to start; to begin


inutile

inutile


-ier

Alternative form of -er (suffix forming or denoting a verb)

Alternative form of -er (suffix forming or denoting an agent noun, often a profession)


fagot

fagot (bundle of sticks, twigs or small tree branches bound together)


fecal

fecal m (feminine singular fecale, masculine plural fecaulx, feminine plural fecales)

fecale (feminine singular)
fecaulx (masculine plural)
fecales (feminine plural)


prendre

French: prendre

From Old French prendre, prandre, from Latin prēndō, prēndere, from prehendō.


fusion

French: fusion
→ Turkish: füzyon

→ English: fusion

fusion (act of melting or liquefying something by heating it)


pisser

pisser (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
pissant (gerund participle present)

From Old French pissier, from Vulgar Latin *pīssiāre.


pasture

French: pâture

pasture (grassy field upon which cattle graze)


chier

chier m (feminine singular chiere, masculine plural chiers, feminine plural chieres)

chiere (feminine singular)
chiers (masculine plural)
chieres (feminine plural)

French: cher


merde

desctree

French: merde, m*rde (censored), marde (Canada)
→ English: merde

(figuratively) shit (something undesirable)


tradition

French: tradition

From Old French tradicion (“delivery”), a borrowing from Latin.


habitant

French: habitant


mouton

French: mouton
Haitian Creole: mouton
Louisiana Creole: mouton
Seychellois Creole: mouton
→ English: mouton
>? Galician: motóa

From Old French mouton, Vulgar Latin moltō, from Gaulish *multon-, from Proto-Celtic *moltos.


reservation

English: reservation

French: réservation
→ Romanian: rezervație
→ Turkish: rezervasyon


flatter

flatter (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
flattant (gerund participle present)


carat

→ English: carat

First known attestation in 1360 in the plural as quarais. Attested in the singular as quaret at least as early as 1433. Spellings with an initial c- first attested 1367.


demander

demander (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
demandant (gerund participle present)

French: demander


coy

head

coy m (feminine singular coye, masculine plural coys, feminine plural coyes)

coye (feminine singular)
coys (masculine plural)
coyes (feminine plural)

French: coi

From Old French coi, from Vulgar Latin quetus, from Latin quietus.


meilleur

meilleur m (feminine singular meilleure, masculine plural meilleurs, feminine plural meilleures)

meilleure (feminine singular)
meilleurs (masculine plural)
meilleures (feminine plural)

French: meilleur


repugnant

repugnant m (feminine singular repugnante, masculine plural repugnans, feminine plural repugnantes)

repugnante (feminine singular)
repugnans (masculine plural)
repugnantes (feminine plural)


trop

French: trop


-ment

French: -ment

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *men-
Proto-Indo-European *-tis
Proto-Indo-European *méntis
Proto-Italic *mentis
Latin mēns
Latin mente
Old French -ment
Middle French -mentInherited from Old French -ment, from Latin mente, from mēns, from Proto-Italic *mentis, from Proto-Indo-European *méntis, from *men- + *-tis.

etymon

Attaches to an adjective in the feminine singular to form the corresponding adverb.


-ment

French: -ment
→ Norwegian Bokmål: -ment

From Old French -ment, from Latin -mentum.

Forms nouns from verbs, usually indicating a resulting action or state.


comprehensible

head

comprehensible m or f (plural comprehensibles)

French: compréhensible

First known attestation 1375, borrowed from Latin comprehensibilis.


thon

desctree

→ English: tunny, thunny (archaic)
→ Irish: tuinnín

French: thon
→ Romanian: ton
→ Turkish: ton

First attested 1393 as ton. Borrowed from Latin thunnus, thynnus, possibly via Old Occitan ton although the Middle French is attested earlier than the Old Occitan.


nul

nul ne le povoit mieulx faire

1488, Jean Dupré, Lancelot du Lac, page 65:


nul

head

nul m (feminine singular nulle, masculine plural nuls, feminine plural nulles)

nulle (feminine singular)
nuls (masculine plural)
nulles (feminine plural)

French: nul

→ English: null


baiser

baiser (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
baisant (gerund participle present)


baiser

French: baiser


ferme

French: ferme

From Old French ferm, ferme (“solid”), from Latin firmus (“solid, secure”).


porte

first/third-person singular present indicative/subjunctive

inflection of porter:
second-person singular imperative


arriver

arriver (infinitive)
estre + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
arrivant (gerund participle present)

French: arriver


penitence

French: pénitence

(chiefly Christianity) penitence (repentance for one's sins)


comme

French: comme

L'Eglise est comme un grand fleuve

1609, André Rivet, Sommaire et abrégé des controverses de notre temps touchant la religion, page 208:


leur

French: leur


jeune

French: jeune


plaisir

French: plaisir

desctree

→ Dutch: plezier
Afrikaans: plesier
Berbice Creole Dutch: plesiri
Negerhollands: plesir, plaisi, plesi, plesier
→ Aukan: piisii
→ Indonesian: pelesir
→ Papiamentu: pleizí, plezier, pleizier
→ Saramaccan: piizíi
→ Sranan Tongo: prisiri
→ Caribbean Javanese: persiri, plesiri, presiri


fille

French: fille
Haitian Creole: fi
Louisiana Creole: fiy

From Old French fille, from Latin fīlia.


haine

French: haine

From Old French haine, from Frankish *hati, from Proto-Germanic *hataz.


piquant

head

piquant (feminine singular piquante, masculine plural piquans, feminine plural piquantes)

piquante (feminine singular)
piquans (masculine plural)
piquantes (feminine plural)

(may be preceded by en, invariable) gerund of piquer


piquant

piquant m (feminine singular piquante, masculine plural piquans, feminine plural piquantes)


entrer

entrer (infinitive)
estre + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
entrant (gerund participle present)

French: entrer

→ Danish: entrere

From Old French entrer, from Latin intrāre, present active infinitive of intrō.

Lancelot qui fut entré en la forest chevaucha tout le iour sans boire & sans menger

1488, Jean Dupré, Lancelot du Lac, page 71:

Lancelot, who entered in to the forest, rode the entire day without drinking or eating


intelligible

intelligible m or f (plural intelligibles)


enfant

French: enfant


stile

French: style, stile (obsolete) (see there for further descendants)

Si est ce, que les vieils du Senat, memoratifs des moeurs de leurs peres, accuserent cette pratique comme ennemie de leur stile antien

It is that the older members of the Senate, remembering the customs on their fathers, accused this practice of being the enemy of their ancient style


terre

From Old French terre, from Latin terra (“earth”).


chanter

chanter (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
chantant (gerund participle present)

French: chanter


corde

French: corde


retourner

retourner (infinitive)
estre + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
retournant (gerund participle present)


descendre

French: descendre

to dismount (get down from a horse, etc.)


entre

French: entre


aller

aller (infinitive)
estre + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
allant (gerund participle present)

desctree

French: aller, vader (Acadia, Louisiana)
Haitian Creole: ale


venir

French: venir
Haitian Creole: vin, vini
→ English: venue


amoureux

head

amoureux m (feminine singular amoureuse, masculine plural amoureux, feminine plural amoureuses)

amoureuse (feminine singular)
amoureux (masculine plural)
amoureuses (feminine plural)

French: amoureux

→ English: amoureux

→ German: amourös


amour

French: amour

desctree

→ Middle English: amour, amoure, amur
English: amour, amor
Middle Scots: amour


monter

monter (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
montant (gerund participle present)


puissance

French: puissance


chevalier

French: chevalier


mareschal

French: maréchal
→ Armenian: մարէշալ (marēšal)
→ Romanian: mareșal
→ Ottoman Turkish: مارشال (mareşal)
Turkish: mareşal

→ Italian: maresciallo

→ Portuguese: marechal


obtenir

English: obtain

French: obtenir


croix

French: croix
Haitian Creole: kwa

From Old French crois, from Latin crux, crucem.


utile

French: utile


Angleterre

> French: Angleterre (inherited)
Italian: Inghilterra
→ Arabic: إِنْجِلْتِرَا (ʔinjiltirā)
→ Maltese: Ingilterra
→ Ottoman Turkish: انكلتره
> Turkish: İngiltere (inherited)
→ Azerbaijani: İngiltərə

England (a country in the United Kingdom)


ha ha

Et dist ha ha dame ayez de moy mercy

1488, Jean Dupré, Lancelot du Lac, page 58:

And she said "ha! My lady, have mercy on me!"

used to express surprise or shock; ha; hey; ho, etc.


travail

French: travail


petit

head

petit m (feminine singular petite, masculine plural petitz, feminine plural petites)

petite (feminine singular)
petitz (masculine plural)
petites (feminine plural)

French: petit


petit

petit m (plural petits, feminine singular petite, feminine plural petites)

petits (plural)
petite (feminine singular)
petites (feminine plural)


malcontent

malcontent m (feminine singular malcontente, masculine plural malcontents, feminine plural malcontentes)

malcontente (feminine singular)
malcontents (masculine plural)
malcontentes (feminine plural)

→ English: malcontent

French: malcontent


ie

French: je, j’

Norman: jeo, je

I (first-person singular subject pronoun)


moult

French: moult

From Old French molt, mout, from Latin multus.


riche

From Old French riche (“rich, wealthy”), from Frankish *rīkī (“rich”), from Proto-Germanic *rīkijaz (“rich, powerful”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃reǵ- (“to straighten, direct, make right”). Akin to Old High German rīhhi (“rich”) (German reich (“rich”)), Old English rīċe (“rich”) (modern English rich).


quoi

head

quoi m (feminine singular quoie, masculine plural quois, feminine plural quoies)

quoie (feminine singular)
quois (masculine plural)
quoies (feminine plural)


estrange

French: étrange

mais leur estat est changé en estrange façon.

But their state change in a strange fashion

Si vous alez guerroier en contree estrange

If you're going to engage in warfare in a foreign country


sincere

French: sincère

→ English: sincere

First attested in 1441, borrowed from Latin sincērus.

sincere (genuinely meaning what one says or does)


ailleurs

French: ailleurs


-et

French: -et

Used to form a diminutive, masculine noun.


transporter

transporter (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
transportant (gerund participle present)

French: transporter


salle

From Old French sale (“a large room, large reception hall”), from Frankish *sal (“dwelling, house, entrance hall”), from Proto-Germanic *salą (“dwelling, house, hall”), from Proto-Indo-European *sel- (“human settlement, village, dwelling”).


voy

first-person singular present indicative of veoir


battre

French: battre

(reflexive, se battre) to fight; to engage in combat


rien

French: rien


tenir

desctree

French: tenir
Saint Dominican Creole French: tini


navire

French: navire


perte

French: perte


persuader

persuader (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
persuadant (gerund participle present)

French: persuader


trave

→ Middle English: trave, trawe
English: trave

From Latin trabem, accusative singular of trabs.


homme

French: homme, Homme ((Man, genus Homo))
Haitian Creole: lòm
Karipúna Creole French: uóm
Louisiana Creole: n'homme
Saint Dominican Creole French: n'homme
Haitian Creole: nonm
→⇒ English: en homme

French: on, l’on (formal)
→ Esperanto: oni
→ Ido: onu


blesser

blesser (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
blessant (gerund participle present)


nettoyer

nettoyer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
nettoyant (gerund participle present)

French: nettoyer


sommes

French: sommes

first-person plural present indicative of estre


sceau

French: sceau
→ Norman: sceau

From Old French seel. The change in spelling from ⟨seau⟩ to ⟨sceau⟩ is unexplained, although it may be to disambiguate with seau (“bucket”).


entendre

French: entendre


quintal

French: quintal

From Old French quintal, from Medieval Latin quintāle (“various medieval hundredweights”), from Arabic قِنْطَار (qinṭār, “100 rottols”), from Classical Syriac ܩܰܢܛܺܝܪܳܐ (qanṭīrā) and ܩܰܢܛܺܝܢܳܪܳܐ (qanṭīnārā), from Byzantine Greek κεντηνάριον (kentēnárion), from Latin centēnārium (“100 Roman pounds”), from centēnī (“100 things”) + -ārius (“-ary”, forming related adjectives).

der

(historical) quintal, French hundredweight, a traditional unit of mass


valoir

French: valoir

From Latin valēre, present active infinitive of valeō.

(of a person) to have merit; to be have positive qualities


sens

French: sens

sense (method for a living being to gather data about the world)


pedagogue

French: pédagogue

→ Dutch: pedagoog

→ Middle English: pedagoge

English: pedagogue

First attested circa 1371, borrowed from Latin paedagōgus, from Ancient Greek παιδαγωγός (paidagōgós).


essayer

essayer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
essayant (gerund participle present)

+obj

(catenative) to try, to attempt [with de (+ infinitive) ‘to do something’]


divers

head

divers m (feminine singular diverse, masculine plural divers, feminine plural diverses)

diverse (feminine singular)
divers (masculine plural)
diverses (feminine plural)


ouvrir

French: ouvrir


fait

frm-past participle

fait m (feminine singular faite, masculine plural fais, feminine plural faites)

faite (feminine singular)
fais (masculine plural)
faites (feminine plural)

past participle of faire; alternative form of faict


ventre

French: ventre

From Old French ventre, from Latin venter, ventrem.


servir

→ English: serve

French: servir

German: servieren

Norwegian Bokmål: servere

From Old French servir, from Latin servīre.


oreille

French: oreille (see there for further descendants)

From Old French oreille, from Vulgar Latin oricla, from Latin auricula, diminutive of auris.


peur

French: peur


rire

French: rire


quand

French: quand


employer

employer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
employant (gerund participle present)

French: employer


n'

(before vowel sound) Apocopic form of ne


diamant

desctree

French: diamant
→ Czech: diamant
→ Romanian: diamant

From Old French diamant, from Late Latin diamas, probably from metathesis of adimas (whence aimant), from Latin adamās, ultimately from Ancient Greek ἀδάμας (adámas).


denier

French: denier


mercy

la damoiselle qui grant paour avoit de mourir cria mercy

1488, Jean Dupré, Lancelot du Lac, page 5:

the lady who was very afraid of dying cried out 'mercy!'

mercy (relenting; forbearance to cause or allow harm to another)


Dieu

French: Dieu (see there for further descendants)


Italien

head

Italien m (plural Italiens, feminine singular Italienne, feminine plural Italiennes)

Italiens (plural)
Italienne (feminine singular)
Italiennes (feminine plural)


Italien

Italien m (feminine singular Italienne, masculine plural Italiens, feminine plural Italiennes)

Italienne (feminine singular)
Italiens (masculine plural)
Italiennes (feminine plural)


More

From Old French More, from Latin Maurus.


Bible

The Bible (The Christian holy book; the Old and New Testaments)


Pierre

a male given name, equivalent to English Peter


demy

French: demi


boutique

French: boutique (see there for further descendants)

Norman: boutique, bouotique (Cotentin)

desc

→ German: Boutique, Budike (archaic sense only), Butike, Butik (now nonstandard)

shop (building where one can purchase items or services)


May

desctree

French: mai
Guianese Creole: mè
Haitian Creole: me
→ English: may
→ Iranian Persian: مه (me)
Louisiana Creole: mê
→ South Azerbaijani: مه (mə)
→ Tunisian Arabic: ماي (mēy)


amy

head

amy m (plural amys, feminine singular amye, feminine plural amyes)

amys (plural)
amye (feminine singular)
amyes (feminine plural)

desctree

French: ami
Haitian Creole: zanmi
→⇒ Polish: amikoszoneria

From Old French ami, amic, from Latin amīcus.


proteger

proteger (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
protegeant (gerund participle present)

French: protéger


incomprehensible

head

incomprehensible m or f (plural incomprehensibles)

→ English: incomprehensible

First known attestation 1314, borrowed from Latin incomprehensibilis.


basque

basclois [12th-14th century]. Compare Anglo-Norman bascle

(historical) biscaïen or biscayne, a person or a thing related to the region of Biscay or the city Bayonne


marche

French: marche

→ Middle English: marche

English: march


prognostic

French: pronostic

prognostic (prediction about the future)


lustre

→ Middle English: lustre

desctree

French: lustre
→ German: Lüster
→ Persian: لوستر (lustr)
Polish: lustro n
Russian: лю́стра f (ljústra)


caillou

Likely related to the origin of Old French gal (“small pebble”).


tartar

head

tartar m (feminine singular tartare, masculine plural tartars, feminine plural tartares)

tartare (feminine singular)
tartars (masculine plural)
tartares (feminine plural)

French: tartare

Tartar (of or relating to any of several Turkic groups)


produire

French: produire

Borrowed from Latin prōdūcere, present active infinitive of prōdūcō, with conjugation based on verbs like conduire.


heure

French: heure


toucher

toucher (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
touchant (gerund participle present)

desctree

French: toucher
→ Dutch: toucheren
→ German: touchieren

→ German: tuschen


eloquent

head

eloquent m (feminine singular eloquente, masculine plural eloquents, feminine plural eloquentes)

eloquente (feminine singular)
eloquents (masculine plural)
eloquentes (feminine plural)

From Old French eloquent, from Latin eloquens (“speaking, having the faculty of speech, eloquent”), present participle of eloqui (“to speak out”), from e (“out”) + loqui (“to speak”).


garnison

desctree

French: garnison
→ German: Garnison
→ Russian: гарнизо́н m (garnizón)
→ Polish: garnizon m
→ Turkish: garnizon

→ Middle English: garnisoun, garnesoun, garnesown, garnison, garnyson, garnysoun
English: garnison (obsolete)

Inherited from Old French garnison, from garnir (“to protect”) + -ison.


ame

French: âme

Inherited from Old French ame, from Latin anima.


fluir

fluir (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
fluissant (gerund participle present)

From Old French. Borrowed from Latin fluō. Doublet of fluer.


garder

garder (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
gardant (gerund participle present)

French: garder


acquest

French: acquêt


perron

Ces parolles dictes, se retira en sa tesniere, & sus le perron de la porte se recoursa robe, cotte, & chemise iusques aux escelles, & leurs monstroit son cul.

1552, François Rabelais, Le Tiers Livre:

perron (stone block used as the base of a monument, marker, etc.)


moulin

French: moulin

→ English: moulin

From Old French molin, from Late Latin molīnum.


icy

French: ici


regent

→ English: regent

French: régent


-ation

French: -ation


nef

French: nef (obsolete or poetic)
→ Breton: nev
→ English: nef

Norman: nef

From Old French nef, from Latin nāvis, nāvem.


automne

French: automne


contre

French: contre


chandelle

French: chandelle
Haitian Creole: chandèl
→ Norman: chandelle

From Old French chandoile, from Latin candēla.


correspondre

From Medieval Latin correspondēre, present active infinitive of correspondeō.

to correspond (of two or more people, to mutually respond to one another)


puis

From Old French pois, from Latin *postius, from post.

Oncques puis la mort de son frere, il n'y vint

Never since the death of his brother has he gone there

puis dist a l'enfant

1488, Jean Dupré, Lancelot du Lac, page 47:


puis

From Old French puis, from Latin puteus.

well (man-made hole from which water is drawn)


preter

preter (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
pretant (gerund participle present)


depuis

French: depuis


devant

devant que tu partes perdras le poing en lieu de mon escu

1488, Jean Dupré, Lancelot du Lac, page 23:

before you leave you will lose your hand for my shield [which you lost]


peau

French: peau


bouche

French: bouche

From Old French boche, buche, from Latin bucca.


environ

il regarda environ soy


pli

→ English: ply

French: pli

Old French ploi, from the verb ploiier, from the Latin verb plicō (“I fold”).

Car Macrobe se moque de luy d'avoir fait adiourner un homme pour luy auoir defait un des plis de sa robe.

1607, Loys d'Orleans, Les ouvertures des Parlements, page 332:

Because Macrobe is making fun of him for having adjourned the case of a man because he removed one of the folds from his robes.


epilepsie

French: épilepsie

Norman: épilepsie

Learned borrowing from Latin epilēpsia, from Ancient Greek ἐπιληψία (epilēpsía). Displaced Old French epilence.


tant

French: tant


laisser

laisser (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
laissant (gerund participle present)

French: laisser
→ Breton: lezel

From Old French lesser, lessier, laissier (“to let, let go, leave”), from Latin laxō, laxāre (“to relax, loosen”); partly from or influenced by Old High German lāzan (“to let, let go, leave”) (German lassen), from Proto-West Germanic *lātan (“to let, leave, leave alone”).

der

[ie] vous prie que vous me laissiez ceste bataille

1488, Jean Dupré, Lancelot du Lac, page 74:

I beg of you to let me go into this battle alone


bracelet

head

bracelet m (plural bracelés or braceletz)

desctree

French: bracelet, brasselet (obsolete)
→ Portuguese: bracelete

From Old French bracelet, diminutive form of bras (“arm”).


mutation

French: mutation

From Old French mutacion, borrowed from Latin mutatio, mutationem.


duc

French: duc
→ Arabic: دُوق (dūq)
→ English: duc
→ Persian: دوک (duk)
→ Turkish: dük


quel

head

quel m (feminine singular quelle, masculine plural quelz, feminine plural quelles)

quelle (feminine singular)
quelz (masculine plural)
quelles (feminine plural)

French: quel

From Old French quel, from Latin quālis, quālem.

Si demanda l'ermite a messire Yvain de quel pays il estoit

1488, Jean Dupré, Lancelot du Lac, page 18:

Then the hermit asked Sir Ywain which country he was from


i'

Elided form of ie, used before a word starting with a vowel


eligible

choosable; selectable (that one can choose)


collation

French: collation


bras

French: bras

From Old French bras, from Latin brachium, bracchium, from Ancient Greek βραχίων (brakhíōn).


furent

third-person plural past historic of estre


sublime

French: sublime

sublime (noble, majestic, magnificent, etc.)


monologue

desctree

French: monologue
→ Azerbaijani: monoloq
→ Dutch: monoloog
Afrikaans: monoloog
→ German: Monolog
→ Italian: monologo
→ Macedonian: монолог (monolog)
→ Russian: моноло́г (monológ)
→ Kazakh: монолог (monolog)
→ Portuguese: monólogo
→ Romanian: monolog
→ Spanish: monólogo
→ Ukrainian: моноло́г (monolóh)

→ English: monologue

From Byzantine Greek μονόλογος (monólogos).


redoubtable

head

redoubtable m or f (plural redoubtables)

French: redoutable


commencement

Old French comencement, corresponding to commencer + -ment


sus

French: sus (obsolete)


finer

finer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
finant (gerund participle present)

French: finir


prins

prins m (feminine prinse, masculine plural prins, feminine plural prinses)

prinse (feminine)
prins (masculine plural)
prinses (feminine plural)


droit

droit m (feminine singular droitte, masculine plural droits, feminine plural droittes)

droitte (feminine singular)
droits (masculine plural)
droittes (feminine plural)


entree

French: entrée


goutte

French: goutte

From Old French gote, goutte, gote, gute.


irremediable

irremediable m or f (plural irremediables)


sourcil

French: sourcil


ost

French: ost


faillir

desctree

French: faillir
→ German: fallieren
→ Swedish: fallera

From Old French falir, from Vulgar Latin *fallīre, from Latin fallere, present active infinitive of fallō.

quant les lances leur failloient, ils se prendoient aux haches

when their lances failed them, they took up their axes

Ou, s’il leur plait, ils se servent encore de cet empirement, et en font leurs affaires par cet autre moyen qui ne leur peut jamais faillir

1595, Michel de Montaigne, Essais, book II, chapter 37:

Or, if they preferred, they still made use of this deterioration, and did their affairs by this other means which could never fail them


ballon

French: ballon (see there for further descendants)

→ English: balloon (see there for further descendants)

From northern Italian balone, ballone; compare standard pallone.


guerre

French: guerre
→ Wolof: xare, geer


naissance

(figuratively) birth; invention; creation


choix

From Old French chois, deverbal from choisir, coisir (“to differentiate, see distinctly”), from Gothic 𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌽 (kausjan, “to examine, perceive”), 𐌺𐌹𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌽 (kiusan, “to choose, examine”), from Proto-Germanic *keusaną (“to choose”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵews- (“to choose”).


rompre

French: rompre


Londres

French: Londres (see there for further descendants)

Inherited from Old French Londres, ultimately from Latin Londinium.

London (the capital city of the modern United Kingdom; capital city of England)


teste

French: tête

Comment Epistemon qui avoit la teste tranchée, fut guery habillement par Panurge.

How Epistemon who had his head cut off was adroitly cured by Panurge


a

third-person singular present indicative of avoir


boys

French: bois


travailler

travailler (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
travaillant (gerund participle present)

desctree

French: travailler
Haitian Creole: travay
→ Danish: travaillere


ores

French: ores, or


peser

peser (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
pesant (gerund participle present)

French: peser

→ Farefare: peese

(transitive) to weigh (ascertain the weight of)

(intransitive) to weigh (have a given weight)


chanson

French: chanson f (see there for further descendants)


foison

French: foison


cheveu

French: cheveu


balle

French: balle

→ Portuguese: bala

→ Shona: bala

ball (spherical object used in games)
small metal ball used as artillery


balle

French: balle

From Old French balle, from Frankish *balla, from Proto-Germanic *ballô, *balluz (“ball”).


ouvert

French: ouvert (see there for further descendants)


tapiz

French: tapis
→ Nafaanra: tapis


bourse

French: bourse

German: Börse


lamentation

From Latin lāmentātiō (“wailing, moaning, weeping”).


prerogative

desctree

French: prérogative f
→ Romanian: prerogativă f

Either inherited from Old French prerogative or independently borrowed from Latin praerogativa.


flambe

French: flambe

From Old French flamble, from Latin flammula, diminutive of flamma.


sperme

plusieurs philosophes estiment que la plus grand part du sperme descendre aux testicules par les venes qui sont derrieres les oreilles

1582, Jean Liébault, Trois livres appartenant aux infirmitez et maladies des femmes:

several philosophers consider that most sperm goes down to the testicles via the veins behind the ears


pentacle

Attested at least as early as 1547, from Old French pentacol.

Il faut de plus, avoir les parfums propres au jour que l'on fait l'opération; il faut auſſi a voir de l'eau benite par un Prêtre, un vaſe de terre neuf, plein de feu, l'Habit & le Pentacle, comme nous l'avons dit

1547, Les Œuvres Magiques de Henri-Corneille Agrippa, Par Pierre d'Aban, Latin et Français, Avec des Secrets occultes, "Heptameron" p. 13:

It is also required, to have the incenses proper to the days that one did the operation; it is also necessary to see the water blessed by a Priest, a new earthen vessel, full of fire, the Garment and the Pentacle, as we have said

Le Maître qui ſe ſera diſpoſé à la cérémonie par trois jours de jeûne & d'abſtinence & de toutes ſouillures, revêtu de ſes Habits blancs, avec le Pentacle, les Parfums & autres choſes néceſſaires entrera dans le Cercle

1547, Les Œuvres Magiques de Henri-Corneille Agrippa, Par Pierre d'Aban, Latin et Français, Avec des Secrets occultes, "Heptameron" p. 14:

The Master who will be prepared for the ceremony by three days of fasting and abstinence and [cleansed] of all dirt, dressed in his white Garments, with the Pentacle, the Perfumes and other necessary things shall enter the Circle

pentacle (a talisman of parchment, sheet metal, or other substance, marked with a magic symbol or symbols, used in magical evocation)


incontinent

head

incontinent m (feminine singular incontinente, masculine plural incontinens, feminine plural incontinentes)

incontinente (feminine singular)
incontinens (masculine plural)
incontinentes (feminine plural)

Borrowed from Latin incontinens, incontinentem, from in + continens.


incontinent

French: incontinent


tirer

tirer (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
tirant (gerund participle present)

desctree

French: tirer
Haitian Creole: tire
Louisiana Creole: tiré


nouveau

head

nouveau m (feminine singular nouvelle, masculine plural nouveaulx, feminine plural nouvelles)

nouvelle (feminine singular)
nouveaulx (masculine plural)
nouvelles (feminine plural)

desctree

French: nouveau
Haitian Creole: nouvo
Mauritian Creole: nouvo
Seychellois Creole: nouvo
→ English: nouveau

From Old French novel, from Latin novellus, from novus (“new”).


nonpareil

head

nonpareil m (feminine singular nonpareille, masculine plural nonpareils, feminine plural nonpareilles)

nonpareille (feminine singular)
nonpareils (masculine plural)
nonpareilles (feminine plural)


boulet

French: boulet

boule (“ball”) + -et (diminutive suffix).

A spherical metal projectile used in artillery. Similar to a modern bullet.


coherence

English: coherence

French: cohérence

coherence; quality of being internally consistent


labourer

French: labourer

Et si labourent draps d'or et de soie et de toutes façons trés beaux.

15th century, Rustichello da Pisa (original author), Mazarine Master (scribe), The Travels of Marco Polo, page 15, lines 5–6:

And they manufacture cloths of gold and of silk which are in all ways very beautiful.

to manufacture; to make (in a work context)


compression

Old French, borrowed from Latin compressiō.

compression du ventre

1585, Giovanni Marinelli, Thresor des remedes secrets pour les maladies des femmes, page 761:

compression (act, instance of compressing)


hache

French: hache

From Old French hache, from Frankish *happjā.


phoque

desctree

French: phoque m
→ Polish: foka f
→ Romanian: focă f
→ Turkish: fok

Etymology tree
Ancient Greek φώκη (phṓkē)bor.?
Latin phōcabor.
Middle French phoque
First attested in 1532. Borrowed from Latin phoca f.


culet

collet, beazle (around a jewel, on a ring)


diable

desctree

French: diable, yiable (Canada)
Haitian Creole: dyab
→ English: diable, diablo
Chinook Jargon: le diaub

desc

Norman: dgiâbl'ye (Jersey), diablle (France)


vieil

head

vieil m (feminine singular vieille, masculine plural vieils, feminine plural vieilles)

vieille (feminine singular)
vieils (masculine plural)
vieilles (feminine plural)


recorder

recorder (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
recordant (gerund participle present)

French: recorder

recorder une histoire

to record; to register; to make a record (of)


charger

charger (infinitive)
avoir + past participle (infinitive multiword-construction)
chargeant (gerund participle present)

French: charger


mary

French: mari


drogue

desctree

French: drogue
→ Danish: droge
→ German: Droge
→ Norwegian Bokmål: droge
→ Norwegian Nynorsk: droge

→ Middle English: drogge

English: drug

→ Irish: druga

Middle Dutch droge (modern Dutch droog).

Il falloit entre autres choses qu’il contrefist pour un temps le mort, pour avoir mangé de certaine drogue : après avoir avallé le pain qu’on feignoit estre cette drogue, il commença tantost à trembler et branler, comme s’il eust esté estourdy

1595, Michel de Montaigne, Essais, book II, chapter 12:

He had to, among other things, fight against death. He ate certain drugs; after having consumed the bread that they were pretending was this drug, he started to tremble and shake as if he had been stunned.


nager

French: nager

Norman:

Guernsey Norman: nâgier

Jersey Norman: nagir

to navigate (waters); to sail; to travel by watercraft


delicat

head

delicat m (feminine singular delicate, masculine plural delicats, feminine plural delicates)

delicate (feminine singular)
delicats (masculine plural)
delicates (feminine plural)

desctree

French: délicat
→ Alemannic German: delekat
→ Danish: delikat
→ German: delikat
→ Polish: delikatny
→ Russian: деликатный (delikatnyj)
→ Norwegian: delikat
→ Romanian: delicat
→ Swedish: delikat

→ Middle Dutch: delicaet

Dutch: delicaat


perdre

French: perdre


printemps

1549, Commentaires tres excellens de l'hystoire des plantes, Paris:


celeste

French: céleste

From Old French celeste, borrowed from Latin caelestis.


charrette

French: charrette