fervent

English: fervent

Scots: fervent

Borrowed from Old French fervent, from Latin fervēns, ferventem; compare fervour.

farvent (alternative)
ferfent (alternative)
fervein (alternative)
fervente (alternative)
ffervent (alternative)
vervent (alternative)


prune

English: prune

Borrowed from Old French prune, from Vulgar Latin *prūna, from Latin prūnum, from Ancient Greek προῦνον (proûnon), προῦμνον (proûmnon). Doublet of plomme. See above for the verb.


acte

English: act

desc

Scots: ack, akk, ac', act, actt, auct, accke, aick, akk (older)

Yola: acte

Borrowed from Old French act, from Latin ācta, plural of āctus.


worm

wormes (plural)
wormen (plural)
werm (alternative)
wirm (alternative)
wurm (alternative)
wyrm (alternative)
wyrme (alternative)
wrim (alternative)
worme (alternative)

English: worm

Scots: worm, wirm

From Old English wyrm, from Proto-West Germanic *wurmi, from Proto-Germanic *wurmiz, from Proto-Indo-European *wr̥mis.

(veterinary, rare) A muscle underneath the tongue of a dog seen as increasing the risk of rabies.


issue

issues (plural)
essu (alternative)
ischewe (alternative)
isseu (alternative)
issew (alternative)
issheu (alternative)
isshewe (alternative)
isshue (alternative)
issieu (alternative)
issu (alternative)
issuwe (alternative)
issw (alternative)
isswe (alternative)
uschew (alternative)
usshew (alternative)
usshewe (alternative)
ussu (alternative)
ussue (alternative)
yschue (alternative)
ysseu (alternative)
yssew (alternative)
yssue (alternative)
ysue (alternative)

English: issue

Borrowed from Old French issue (“exit”), from issu, past participle of issir, eissir. Compare issen.
Forms with /ʃ/ mostly do not reflect palatalisation of /s/ (as in modern English); instead, they exist because Old French /s(s)/ was perceived as being phonetically closer to Middle English /ʃ/ than to /s/.

Exit, departure; the act of leaving or going out:

(especially pathology) An outwards flow or discharge.


carbuncle

carbuncles (plural)
carboncle (alternative)
carbuncul (alternative)
charbocle (alternative)
charbokel (alternative)
charbouncle (alternative)
charbucle (alternative)
charbukel (alternative)
charbuncle (alternative)
charbunkel (alternative)

English: carbuncle

Borrowed from Old French carbuncle, charbuncle, itself borrowed from Latin carbunculus.

(pathology) A carbuncle; a large abscess.


brennen

enm-verb

brennen (third-person singular simple present brenneth, present participle brennynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative brente, past participle brent)

brenneth (present singular third-person)
brennynge (participle present)
brente (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
brent (participle past)
brennen (infinitive)
to brennen (infinitive)
brenne (infinitive)
brenne (first-person present singular)
brenned (first-person past singular)
brente (first-person past singular)
brennest (present second-person singular)
brennedest (past second-person singular)
brentest (past second-person singular)
brenneth (present singular third-person)
brenned (past singular third-person)
brente (past singular third-person)
brenne (present singular subjunctive)
brenned (past singular subjunctive)
brente (past singular subjunctive)
brenne (imperative present singular)
brennen (plural present)
brenne (plural present)
brenneden (past plural)
brennede (past plural)
brenten (past plural)
brente (past plural)
brenneth (imperative plural present)
brenne (imperative plural present)
brennynge (participle present)
brennende (participle present)
brenned (participle past)
brent (participle past)
ybrenned (participle past)
ybrent (participle past)
bren (alternative)
brenne (alternative)
brin (alternative Northern especially)
brine (alternative Northern especially)
brynne (alternative Northern especially)
berne (alternative)
bernen (alternative)
birne (alternative)
byrne (alternative)
bearne (alternative Ormulum)
beornen (alternative Ormulum)
bærnen (alternative Ormulum)
bærnenn (alternative Ormulum)
brennenn (alternative Ormulum)

English: burn

→ Middle Scots: burn

Scots: burn

Middle Scots: bryn, byrn

Scots: bren, brenn, brend

Originally three distinct verbs:
* Old English biernan, from Proto-West Germanic *brinnan, from Proto-Germanic *brinnaną (“to burn”).
* Old English bærnan, from Proto-West Germanic *brannijan, from Proto-Germanic *brannijaną (“to cause to burn”).
* Old Norse brenna, brinna, cognate with bærnan; forms derived from this source are usual after early Middle English.

inh

(transitive) To act like fire; to metaphorically "burn":

(medicine, pathology) To corrode or inflame.


maligne

English: malign

Scots: maling (obsolete)

Borrowed from Old French maligne, from Latin malignus.

malign (alternative)
malygne (alternative)


pacient

English: patient

Borrowed from Middle French patient, from Old French pacient, from Latin patiens, present participle of patior (“to suffer, endure”), from Proto-Indo-European *peh₁- (“to hate, hurt”).

der

paciente (alternative)
pacyent (alternative)
patient (alternative)


pacient

pacientes (plural)
paciente (alternative)
pacyent (alternative)
patient (alternative)

English: pacient

(pathology) patient (individual under care)


squame

squames (plural)
scwame (alternative)
swame (alternative)

English: squame

From Old French esquame, from Latin squāma.

not squames to wasche them, and wype them, nor auoyde them, not angry nor hasty, or un pacient thof one haue the vomet, another the fluxe, another the frensy, which nowe syngethe, now wel apayde, ffor ther be some sekenesses vexynge the seke so gretly and prouokynge them to ire, that the mater drawen up to the brayne alyenthe the mendes.

c. 1450, “Additions to the Rule or Saint Saviour”, in George James Aungier, editor, History and Antiquities of Syon Monastery, published 1840, page 395:


yvel

head

yvel (plural and weak singular yvele, comparative worse, superlative worst)

yvele (plural)
yvele (singular weak)
worse (comparative)
worst (superlative)
ivel (alternative)
evel (alternative)
uvel (alternative)
ivil (alternative)
evil (alternative)
yvyl (alternative)
evyl (alternative)
yvyll (alternative)
ivyll (alternative)
evyll (alternative)
evill (alternative)
yvell (alternative)
evell (alternative)
eveyl (alternative)
yvle (alternative)
ifel (alternative Early-Middle-English)
yfel (alternative Early-Middle-English)
ufel (alternative Early-Middle-English)
eovel (alternative Early-Middle-English)
ifell (alternative Early-Middle-English)
uvel (alternative West-Midlands)

English: evil

Scots: evil

From Old English yfel, from Proto-West Germanic *ubil, from Proto-Germanic *ubilaz, of disputed further etymology.

Causing harm; injurious, damaging:
(pathology) infected, abnormal

Causing harm; injurious, damaging:
infected, abnormal


unobedient

(pathology, of an abscess, tumor, or diseased tissue) resistant to treatment

tumor; or diseased tissue; tumor; or diseased tissue


spumous

English: spumous

Borrowed from Latin spūmōsus; equivalent to spume + -ous.

spumouse (alternative)
spumose (alternative)

(pathology, Late Middle English, rare) spumous, foamy


crepen

crepen (infinitive)
to crepen (infinitive)
crepe (infinitive)
crepe (first-person present singular)
crep (first-person past singular)
crop (first-person past singular)
crepte (first-person past singular)
creped (first-person past singular)
crepest (present second-person singular)
crope (past second-person singular)
crepe (past second-person singular)
crep (past second-person singular)
crop (past second-person singular)
creptest (past second-person singular)
crepedest (past second-person singular)
crepeth (present singular third-person)
crep (past singular third-person)
crop (past singular third-person)
crepte (past singular third-person)
creped (past singular third-person)
crepe (present singular subjunctive)
crope (past singular subjunctive)
crepe (past singular subjunctive)
crepte (past singular subjunctive)
creped (past singular subjunctive)
crepe (imperative present singular)
crepen (plural present)
crepe (plural present)
cropen (past plural)
crope (past plural)
crepen (past plural)
crepe (past plural)
crepten (past plural)
crepte (past plural)
crepeden (past plural)
crepede (past plural)
crepeth (imperative plural present)
crepe (imperative plural present)
crepynge (participle present)
crepende (participle present)
cropen (participle past)
crope (participle past)
crept (participle past)
creped (participle past)
ycrope (participle past)
crepe (alternative)
creope (alternative)
creepe (alternative)
cryepe (alternative)

English: creep

Scots: crepe, creip

From Old English crēopan, from Proto-Germanic *kreupaną.
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *grewbʰ-der.
Proto-Germanic *kreupaną
Proto-West Germanic *kreupan
Old English crēopan
Middle English crepen

etymon

(pathology) To become more dire or severe; to grow.


chyne

chynes (plural)
chene (alternative)
cheyne (alternative)
chine (alternative)
chyn (alternative)
chynne (alternative)

English: chine (chink)

Scots: chin, chun

From Old English ċine, ċinu, from Proto-West Germanic *kinu, from Proto-Germanic *kinō. Forms with /iː/ are influenced by chynen.

(pathology) opening (of an injury or wound)


indignacioun

English: indignation

From Old French indignation, from Latin indignātiō; compare endeynen.

endignacioun (alternative)
endyngnacion (alternative)
indignacion (alternative)
indignation (alternative)
indingnacioun (alternative)
indyngnacion (alternative)
indyngnacyoun (alternative)
yndyngnacion (alternative)


disdeynen

disdeynen (infinitive)
to disdeynen (infinitive)
disdeyne (infinitive)
disdeyne (first-person present singular)
disdeyned (first-person past singular)
disdeynest (present second-person singular)
disdeynedest (past second-person singular)
disdeyneth (present singular third-person)
disdeyned (past singular third-person)
disdeyne (present singular subjunctive)
disdeyned (past singular subjunctive)
disdeyne (imperative present singular)
disdeynen (plural present)
disdeyne (plural present)
disdeyneden (past plural)
disdeynede (past plural)
disdeyneth (imperative plural present)
disdeyne (imperative plural present)
disdeynynge (participle present)
disdeynende (participle present)
disdeyned (participle past)
dedein (alternative)
dedene (alternative)
dedeyne (alternative)
dedeyngnen (alternative)
desdeignen (alternative)
disdaignen (alternative)
disdeyne (alternative)
dysdayne (alternative)
dysdeynen (alternative)

English: disdain

Scots: disdain

Borrowed from Old French desdeignier; equivalent to dis- + deynen. Compare deynen (“to disdain”).


disdeyne

English: disdain

Scots: disdain

Borrowed from Old French desdeigne; compare deyne.

dedayn (alternative)
dedeayne (alternative)
dedeigne (alternative)
dedein (alternative)
dedeinyhe (alternative)
dedeygne (alternative)
dedeyn (alternative)
de-deyn (alternative)
desdayn (alternative)
dedeyne (alternative)
desdeign (alternative)
desdeyn (alternative)
disdeingne (alternative)
disdeyn (alternative)
dysdeyn (alternative)

(rare, pathology) The inflammation of a wound.


dissolven

dissolven (infinitive)
to dissolven (infinitive)
dissolve (infinitive)
dissolve (first-person present singular)
dissolved (first-person past singular)
dissolvest (present second-person singular)
dissolvedest (past second-person singular)
dissolveth (present singular third-person)
dissolved (past singular third-person)
dissolve (present singular subjunctive)
dissolved (past singular subjunctive)
dissolve (imperative present singular)
dissolven (plural present)
dissolve (plural present)
dissolveden (past plural)
dissolvede (past plural)
dissolveth (imperative plural present)
dissolve (imperative plural present)
dissolvynge (participle present)
dissolvende (participle present)
dissolved (participle past)
desolven (alternative)
dissolve (alternative)
dyssolve (alternative)

English: dissolve

Borrowed from Latin dissolvō, dissolvere; equivalent to dis- + solven. Compare dissolucioun.


overchaufen

overchaufen (infinitive)
to overchaufen (infinitive)
overchaufe (infinitive)
overchaufe (first-person present singular)
overchaufed (first-person past singular)
overchaufest (present second-person singular)
overchaufedest (past second-person singular)
overchaufeth (present singular third-person)
overchaufed (past singular third-person)
overchaufe (present singular subjunctive)
overchaufed (past singular subjunctive)
overchaufe (imperative present singular)
overchaufen (plural present)
overchaufe (plural present)
overchaufeden (past plural)
overchaufede (past plural)
overchaufeth (imperative plural present)
overchaufe (imperative plural present)
overchaufynge (participle present)
overchaufende (participle present)
overchaufed (participle past)
over chaufen (alternative)


comunen

enm-verb

comunen (third-person singular simple present comuneth, present participle comunende, comunynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle comuned)

comuneth (present singular third-person)
comunende (participle present)
comunynge (participle present)
comuned (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
comunen (infinitive)
to comunen (infinitive)
comune (infinitive)
comune (first-person present singular)
comuned (first-person past singular)
comunest (present second-person singular)
comunedest (past second-person singular)
comuneth (present singular third-person)
comuned (past singular third-person)
comune (present singular subjunctive)
comuned (past singular subjunctive)
comune (imperative present singular)
comunen (plural present)
comune (plural present)
comuneden (past plural)
comunede (past plural)
comuneth (imperative plural present)
comune (imperative plural present)
comunynge (participle present)
comunende (participle present)
comuned (participle past)
comone (alternative)
comoun (alternative)
communen (alternative)
comune (alternative)
comyne (alternative)
komown (alternative)
communy (alternative Kent)

English: common (obsolete); commune

desc

Middle Scots: common, commone, commoun, commoune

Borrowed from Old French comuner and comunier; equivalent to comun (“shared, common”) + -en (infinitival suffix).

af

(pathology, rare) To proliferate or expand (of a disease)