sky

skyes (plural)
ski (alternative)
skie (alternative)
ske (alternative)
skye (alternative)
scki (alternative)
schi (alternative)
schye (alternative)
scy (alternative)
skey (alternative)
skige (alternative)
skiȝe (alternative)
skyȝe (alternative)

English: sky

Scots: sky, skie, skey, ske

Yola: skee

From Old Norse ský, from Proto-Germanic *skiwją. Doublet of skew.


to

tos (plural)
ton (plural)
toe (alternative)
towe (alternative)
two (alternative)
tho (alternative)
teie (alternative)
ta (alternative Northern)
toa (alternative Early-Middle-English)

English: toe

Scots: tae

Yola: toan (plural)

From Old English tā, tāhe, from Proto-West Germanic *taihā, from Proto-Germanic *taihwǭ (“toe”).


cold

head

cold (plural and weak singular colde, comparative colder, superlative *coldest)

colde (plural)
colde (singular weak)
colder (comparative)
*coldest (superlative)
cald (alternative)
chald (alternative)
cheald (alternative)
cheld (alternative)
coold (alternative)

English: cold

Geordie English: cawd, cauld

Scots: cald, cauld

Yola: coale, khoal, cole

from the form stripped-by-parse_pron_post_template_fn

Inherited from Anglian Old English cald; variants with ch- are from West Saxon ċeald.

(alchemy, medicine) Considered to be alchemically cold


cold

English: cold

Scots: cald, cauld

cald (alternative)
chald (alternative)
cheald (alternative)
cheld (alternative)
coold (alternative)


face

English: face (see there for further descendants)

Geordie English: fyece

Scots: face

Yola: faace

Borrowed from Old French face, from Late Latin facia, from Latin faciēs.

Boold was hir face, and fair, and reed of hewe.

1387–1400, [Geoffrey] Chaucer, “Here Bygynneth the Book of the Tales of Caunt́burẏ”, in The Tales of Caunt́bury (Hengwrt Chaucer; Peniarth Manuscript 392D), Aberystwyth, Ceredigion: National Library of Wales, published [c. 1400–1410], →OCLC:

Bold was her face, and fair, and red of hue.


flesh

English: flesh

Scots: flesch

Yola: vleash, vlesh

Inherited from Old English flǣsċ, from Proto-West Germanic *flaiski, from Proto-Germanic *flaiski, from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₁ḱ- (“to tear, peel off”).

der

flech (alternative)
fleesh (alternative)
fleisch (alternative)
fleische (alternative)
fleish (alternative)
flesch (alternative)
flesche (alternative)
fless (alternative)
flessh (alternative)
flæsc (alternative Early-Middle-English)
flæsch (alternative Early-Middle-English)
flæsh (alternative Early-Middle-English)


wet

English: wet (see there for further descendants)

Scots: wat

Yola: weate

From Old English wǣt, wāt, and weten (“to wet”).

wett (alternative)
wette (alternative)
wete (alternative)
weet (alternative)
weete (alternative)

(alchemy, medicine) Something that is considered alchemically wet


wet

wetes (plural)
weten (plural)
wett (alternative)
wette (alternative)
wete (alternative)
weet (alternative)
weete (alternative)

English: wet

Scots: wat


box

English: box (see there for further descendants)

Scots: box

From Old English box, from Proto-West Germanic *buhsā, borrowed from Late Latin buxis, borrowed from Ancient Greek πυξίς (puxís), from πῠ́ξος (pŭ́xos) + -ις (-is).


cake

cakes (plural)
kake (alternative)
caake (alternative)
cayk (alternative)

English: cake (see there for further descendants)

Geordie English: kyek

Scots: cake, cyaak, kyaak

Yola: caake, kaake

→ Irish: cáca

→⇒ Welsh: cacen

From Old Norse kaka, from Proto-Germanic *kakǭ.

(medicine) A cake prepared to cure disease or illness.


seem

semes (plural)
ceem (alternative)
ceme (alternative)
sem (alternative)
seme (alternative)
seyme (alternative)

English: seam

Scots: seam

Inherited from Old English sēam (“seam”), from Proto-West Germanic *saum, from Proto-Germanic *saumaz. The "nail" sense is a semantic loan from Old Norse saumr.

inh+

(anatomy) A bodily depression or furrow.

A depression or indentation:
A bodily depression or furrow.


band

bandes (plural)
bande (alternative)
bend (alternative)
bond (alternative)
boond (alternative)
bonde (alternative)
bound (alternative)

English: band, bend, bond

Scots: band, bend

Inherited from Old English bend, from Proto-Germanic *bandiz; vocalism is influenced by Old Norse band and Old French bande.

A strip of a material used to tie or bind; a band:


pipe

pipes (plural)
pipe (plural)
pype (alternative)

English: pipe (see there for further descendants)

Scots: pipe

Yola: peeps (plural)

Inherited from Old English pīpe, from Proto-West Germanic *pīpā; reinforced by Vulgar Latin *pīpa; some senses are from Old French pipe.

A pipe; a piece of tubing used as a channel (often for fluids):

(medicine) A syringe; a hollow tube for medical removal or insertion.


maser

masers (plural)
mazer (alternative)
masere (alternative)
masour (alternative)
maserre (alternative)
mazere (alternative)
macer (alternative)
macher (alternative)
masowyr (alternative)
mausure (alternative)
mazre (alternative)
mazar (alternative)

English: mazer

Scots: maser

From Old English *maser, *mæser, from Proto-Germanic *masuraz; reinforced by Anglo-Norman mazer.

(rare, surgery) An artificial bone made of maple to repair skull injuries


kernel

kerneles (plural)
cernel (alternative)
curnel (alternative)
kernell (alternative)
kirnel (alternative)
karnel (alternative)
kurnel (alternative)
kurnele (alternative)
kyrnel (alternative)
kyrnell (alternative)
cornel (alternative)

desctree

English: kernel
→ Japanese: カーネル (kāneru)

Scots: kirnel; churnel

From Old English cyrnel, from Proto-West Germanic *kurnil; equivalent to corn + -el (agentive suffix). Some forms are influenced by corn.

(anatomy) An organ responsible for production of substances.


fervent

English: fervent

Scots: fervent

Borrowed from Old French fervent, from Latin fervēns, ferventem; compare fervour.

farvent (alternative)
ferfent (alternative)
fervein (alternative)
fervente (alternative)
ffervent (alternative)
vervent (alternative)


prune

English: prune

Borrowed from Old French prune, from Vulgar Latin *prūna, from Latin prūnum, from Ancient Greek προῦνον (proûnon), προῦμνον (proûmnon). Doublet of plomme. See above for the verb.


gras

grasses (plural)
gras (plural)
grasse (alternative)
gresse (alternative)
gres (alternative)
gers (alternative)
grece (alternative)
græs (alternative)
grace (alternative)
gars (alternative)
grys (alternative)
grisse (alternative)
grese (alternative)

English: grass
Tok Pisin: gras, garas
Fiji Hindi: giraas

desc

Scots: gress, gres, grais, graiss, grase, gers, girs

From Old English græs, from Proto-West Germanic *gras, from Proto-Germanic *grasą.

(medicine) A plant or herb reputed to have medicinal or curative properties.


acte

English: act

Scots: ack, akk, ac', act, actt, auct, accke, aick, akk (older)

Yola: acte

Borrowed from Old French act, from Latin ācta, plural of āctus.


worm

wormes (plural)
wormen (plural)
werm (alternative)
wirm (alternative)
wurm (alternative)
wyrm (alternative)
wyrme (alternative)
wrim (alternative)
worme (alternative)

English: worm

Scots: worm, wirm

From Old English wyrm, from Proto-West Germanic *wurmi, from Proto-Germanic *wurmiz, from Proto-Indo-European *wr̥mis.

(veterinary, rare) A muscle underneath the tongue of a dog seen as increasing the risk of rabies.


den

English: den

Scots: den

From Old English denn, from Proto-West Germanic *dani. Forms with a final vowel are probably generalised datives.


muscle

muscles (plural)
mucell (alternative)
muscule (alternative)
musculle (alternative)
muskylle (alternative)

English: muscle

From Middle French muscle, from Latin mūsculus (“muscle”).


gele

gelees (plural)
jelyf (alternative)
gelly (alternative)
gelye (alternative)
gelle (alternative)
gelee (alternative)
gely (alternative)

English: jelly

Scots: jeely

Borrowed from Old French gelee (“frost”), from Early Medieval Latin gelāta. Equivalent to gelen + -e (participial suffix).

(medicine) A jelly used as a pharmaceutical.


cataract

cateractes (plural)
cateract (alternative)
cataracta (alternative)
cataracte (alternative)
catheracte (alternative)
catharacte (alternative)
catharacta (alternative)
catterak (alternative)
catarac (alternative)

desctree

English: cataract
→ Cebuano: katarak
→ Marshallese: kōtrāāk

Scots: cataract (rare, obsolete)

From Latin cataracta, from Ancient Greek καταρράκτης (katarrháktēs).


visage

English: visage


vapour

vapours (plural)
vapor (alternative)
vapoure (alternative)
vapur (alternative)
wapour (alternative)

English: vapour, vapor

Scots: vapour

Yola: vaaper

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman vapour, from Latin vapor.

(physiology) A noxious bodily fume believed to be the cause of maladies.


sirup

sirupes (plural)
sirupe (alternative)
siruppe (alternative)
syrop (alternative)
syroppe (alternative)
syrope (alternative)
sirop (alternative)
syrip (alternative)
syrippe (alternative)

desctree

English: syrup
→ Gujarati: સીરપ (sīrap)
→ Hebrew: סירופ (siróp)
→ Japanese: シラップ (shirappu)
→ Korean: 시럽 (sireop)
→ Marshallese: jurub
→ Tsonga: sirapu
→ Welsh: surop, syrop, syrup, syryp
→ Zulu: isiraphu

Scots: seerup

From Old French sirop, from Medieval Latin siruppus, syrupus, from Arabic شَرَاب (šarāb).

(medicine) A syrup of herbs used for medicine.


tame

tam (alternative)
tom (alternative)
tome (alternative)

English: tame

Scots: tame

From Old English tam, tom, from Proto-West Germanic *tam (“tame”).

(anatomy, medicine, of a fistula) inner, interior


pere

peres (plural)
per (alternative)
peer (alternative)
peere (alternative)
pier (alternative)
pyer (alternative)
piere (alternative)
pyere (alternative)
pir (alternative)

English: peer

Scots: peer

From Old French per and Anglo-Norman peir, from Latin pār.

(anatomy, rare) A body part connected or concomitant with another.


whit

head

whit (plural and weak singular white, comparative whitter, superlative whittest)

white (plural)
white (singular weak)
whitter (comparative)
whittest (superlative)
hwit (alternative)
white (alternative)
whyte (alternative)
whitt (alternative)
whytt (alternative)
whyt (alternative)
whiȝt (alternative)
qwyght (alternative)
ȝwijt (alternative)
wyghte (alternative)
whiyt (alternative)
whijt (alternative)

English: white (see there for further descendants)

Scots: quhite, fyte, fite, whyte, white

Yola: whit

Inherited from Old English hwīt, from Proto-West Germanic *hwīt, from Proto-Germanic *hwītaz.

(medicine) Unusually light; bearing the pallor of death


node

English: node
→ Irish: nód

Borrowed from Latin nōdus. Doublet of knotte.

(medicine, Late Middle English) lump, swelling


issue

issues (plural)
essu (alternative)
ischewe (alternative)
isseu (alternative)
issew (alternative)
issheu (alternative)
isshewe (alternative)
isshue (alternative)
issieu (alternative)
issu (alternative)
issuwe (alternative)
issw (alternative)
isswe (alternative)
uschew (alternative)
usshew (alternative)
usshewe (alternative)
ussu (alternative)
ussue (alternative)
yschue (alternative)
ysseu (alternative)
yssew (alternative)
yssue (alternative)
ysue (alternative)

English: issue

Borrowed from Old French issue (“exit”), from issu, past participle of issir, eissir. Compare issen.
Forms with /ʃ/ mostly do not reflect palatalisation of /s/ (as in modern English); instead, they exist because Old French /s(s)/ was perceived as being phonetically closer to Middle English /ʃ/ than to /s/.

Exit, departure; the act of leaving or going out:

(especially pathology) An outwards flow or discharge.

(anatomy) A passage or channel out of the body.

An exit; a way out of a place.
A passage or channel out of the body.

(medicine) An issue; (incision for draining liquid in medieval medicine)


suture

English: suture

(rare, anatomy) A slight bodily indentation.


fume

fumes (plural)
fwme (alternative)
feum (alternative)
fewme (alternative)

English: fume

Scots: fume

Borrowed from Old French fum, from Latin fūmus, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰuh₂mós.

(physiology) Fumes as the supposed cause of feelings.


fissure

English: fissure

From Old French fissure, from Latin fissūra.


cerebrum

English: cerebrum

Borrowed from Latin cerebrum, from Proto-Italic *kerazrom.

cerebre (alternative)
cerrebre (alternative)
serabrum (alternative)


carbuncle

carbuncles (plural)
carboncle (alternative)
carbuncul (alternative)
charbocle (alternative)
charbokel (alternative)
charbouncle (alternative)
charbucle (alternative)
charbukel (alternative)
charbuncle (alternative)
charbunkel (alternative)

English: carbuncle

Borrowed from Old French carbuncle, charbuncle, itself borrowed from Latin carbunculus.

(pathology) A carbuncle; a large abscess.


mantel

mantles (plural)
mantell (alternative)
mantelle (alternative)
mantil (alternative)
mantill (alternative)
mantyll (alternative)
mantle (alternative)
mantyl (alternative)
mentel (alternative)

English: mantle, mantel

Scots: mantle, mantel; manteel

From Anglo-Norman mantel and Old English mentel, both ultimately from Late Latin mantēllum, later form of Latin mantēle.


stony

English: stony

Scots: stany

Inherited from Old English stāniġ, from Proto-West Germanic *stainag, from Proto-Germanic *stainagaz; equivalent to ston + -y.

stani (alternative)
staniȝ (alternative)
stany (alternative)
stoni (alternative)
stonye (alternative)


hore

From Old English horu, horh, from Proto-West Germanic *hurhu, from Proto-Germanic *hurhwą.

heore (alternative)
hoore (alternative)
hor (alternative)
horewe (alternative)
horowe (alternative)
horwe (alternative)
horwȝ (alternative)
ore (alternative)


molde

moldes (plural)
mold (alternative)
moold (alternative)
moolde (alternative)
mowlde (alternative)

English: mold, mould

From Old English molda, molde, from Proto-West Germanic *moldō, from Proto-Indo-European *ml̥Hdʰṓ; exactly parallel to Sanskrit मूर्धन् (mūrdhan).

(anatomy, rare) The divide between the cranial bones.


brennen

enm-verb

brennen (third-person singular simple present brenneth, present participle brennynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative brente, past participle brent)

brenneth (present singular third-person)
brennynge (participle present)
brente (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
brent (participle past)
brennen (infinitive)
to brennen (infinitive)
brenne (infinitive)
brenne (first-person present singular)
brenned (first-person past singular)
brente (first-person past singular)
brennest (present second-person singular)
brennedest (past second-person singular)
brentest (past second-person singular)
brenneth (present singular third-person)
brenned (past singular third-person)
brente (past singular third-person)
brenne (present singular subjunctive)
brenned (past singular subjunctive)
brente (past singular subjunctive)
brenne (imperative present singular)
brennen (plural present)
brenne (plural present)
brenneden (past plural)
brennede (past plural)
brenten (past plural)
brente (past plural)
brenneth (imperative plural present)
brenne (imperative plural present)
brennynge (participle present)
brennende (participle present)
brenned (participle past)
brent (participle past)
ybrenned (participle past)
ybrent (participle past)
bren (alternative)
brenne (alternative)
brin (alternative Northern especially)
brine (alternative Northern especially)
brynne (alternative Northern especially)
berne (alternative)
bernen (alternative)
birne (alternative)
byrne (alternative)
bearne (alternative Ormulum)
beornen (alternative Ormulum)
bærnen (alternative Ormulum)
bærnenn (alternative Ormulum)
brennenn (alternative Ormulum)

English: burn

→ Middle Scots: burn

Scots: burn

Middle Scots: bryn, byrn

Scots: bren, brenn, brend

Originally three distinct verbs:
* Old English biernan, from Proto-West Germanic *brinnan, from Proto-Germanic *brinnaną (“to burn”).
* Old English bærnan, from Proto-West Germanic *brannijan, from Proto-Germanic *brannijaną (“to cause to burn”).
* Old Norse brenna, brinna, cognate with bærnan; forms derived from this source are usual after early Middle English.

inh

(transitive) To act like fire; to metaphorically "burn":

(medicine, pathology) To corrode or inflame.


matrice

English: matrice, matrix

Borrowed from Old French matrice, from Latin mātrīx. Doublet of maris.

matris (alternative)
matrix (alternative)


hete

hetes (plural)
heten (plural)
heet (alternative)
heete (alternative)
heite (alternative)
hette (alternative)
hetee (alternative)
hæte (alternative Early-Middle-English)
heate (alternative Early-Middle-English)

English: heat

Scots: hete, heit

Yola: het

Inherited from Old English hǣtu, from Proto-West Germanic *haitī, from Proto-Germanic *haitį̄.

The condition of being hot; a hot thing:

(physiology) Elevated bodily temperature; febrility.

(physiology) A state where the skin is inflamed or reddened.


hele

English: heal

Scots: heal, hele

Yola: heale, heall, heal, hele

From Old English hǣlu, hǣl, from Proto-West Germanic *hailī. Compare helen and hol (“whole”).

hale (alternative)
heale (alternative)
heel (alternative)
heele (alternative)
helle (alternative)
hel (alternative)
ȝel (alternative)
ȝele (alternative)
eale (alternative Early-Middle-English)
hæle (alternative Early-Middle-English)

That which heals or cures; healing:
(medicine) A curative medicine.

That which heals or cures; healing:
A curative medicine.


fomenten

fomenten (infinitive)
to fomenten (infinitive)
fomente (infinitive)
fomente (first-person present singular)
fomented (first-person past singular)
fomentest (present second-person singular)
fomentedest (past second-person singular)
fomenteth (present singular third-person)
fomented (past singular third-person)
fomente (present singular subjunctive)
fomented (past singular subjunctive)
fomente (imperative present singular)
fomenten (plural present)
fomente (plural present)
fomenteden (past plural)
fomentede (past plural)
fomenteth (imperative plural present)
fomente (imperative plural present)
fomentynge (participle present)
fomentende (participle present)
fomented (participle past)

English: foment

From Old French fomenter, from Late Latin fōmentare.

(medicine) To apply a warm, soft medicament.


onen

enm-verb

onen (third-person singular simple present oneth, present participle onende, first-/third-person singular past indicative onede, past participle ioned)

oneth (present singular third-person)
onende (participle present)
onede (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
ioned (participle past)
onen (infinitive)
to onen (infinitive)
one (infinitive)
one (first-person present singular)
oned (first-person past singular)
onest (present second-person singular)
onedest (past second-person singular)
oneth (present singular third-person)
oned (past singular third-person)
one (present singular subjunctive)
oned (past singular subjunctive)
one (imperative present singular)
onen (plural present)
one (plural present)
oneden (past plural)
onede (past plural)
oneth (imperative plural present)
one (imperative plural present)
onynge (participle present)
onende (participle present)
oned (participle past)
yoned (participle past)
oonen (alternative)
anen (alternative)
one (alternative)

English: one

Scots: ane


reformen

reformen (third-person singular simple present reformeth, present participle reformende, reformynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle reformed)

reformeth (present singular third-person)
reformende (participle present)
reformynge (participle present)
reformed (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
reformen (infinitive)
to reformen (infinitive)
reforme (infinitive)
reforme (first-person present singular)
reformed (first-person past singular)
reformest (present second-person singular)
reformedest (past second-person singular)
reformeth (present singular third-person)
reformed (past singular third-person)
reforme (present singular subjunctive)
reformed (past singular subjunctive)
reforme (imperative present singular)
reformen (plural present)
reforme (plural present)
reformeden (past plural)
reformede (past plural)
reformeth (imperative plural present)
reforme (imperative plural present)
reformynge (participle present)
reformende (participle present)
reformed (participle past)
refoorme (alternative)
reforme (alternative)
reformyn (alternative)
refourme (alternative)

English: reform

Middle Scots: reform, reforme

Scots: reform

Borrowed from Middle French and Anglo-Norman reformer, refourmer, from Latin rēfōrmō; equivalent to re- + formen (“to create”).

(surgery, horticulture) To place or set again.


masse

massez (plural)
massa (alternative)
mace (alternative)
mas (alternative)

English: mass

Scots: mass

Yola: messe

From Anglo-Norman masse, from Latin massa, from Ancient Greek μᾶζα (mâza).

(anatomy) blood (believed in medieval times to be a mixture of the four humours)


savable

English: savable

Borrowed from Middle French sauvable, from Old French salvable, sauvable, from Medieval Latin salvābilis; equivalent to saven + -able.

salvable (alternative)
sauvable (alternative)

(medicine) Able to be cured; remediable.


cappe

cappes (plural)
cappen (plural)
cap (alternative)
cape (alternative)
keppe (alternative)
cep (alternative)

English: cap

Scots: kep

From Old English cæppe, from Proto-West Germanic *kappā, from Late Latin cappa.

(medicine, rare) A bandage or other covering to protect a wound.


maligne

English: malign

Scots: maling (obsolete)

Borrowed from Old French maligne, from Latin malignus.

malign (alternative)
malygne (alternative)


pacient

English: patient

Borrowed from Middle French patient, from Old French pacient, from Latin patiens, present participle of patior (“to suffer, endure”), from Proto-Indo-European *peh₁- (“to hate, hurt”).

der

paciente (alternative)
pacyent (alternative)
patient (alternative)


pacient

pacientes (plural)
paciente (alternative)
pacyent (alternative)
patient (alternative)

English: pacient

(pathology) patient (individual under care)


squame

squames (plural)
scwame (alternative)
swame (alternative)

English: squame

From Old French esquame, from Latin squāma.

not squames to wasche them, and wype them, nor auoyde them, not angry nor hasty, or un pacient thof one haue the vomet, another the fluxe, another the frensy, which nowe syngethe, now wel apayde, ffor ther be some sekenesses vexynge the seke so gretly and prouokynge them to ire, that the mater drawen up to the brayne alyenthe the mendes.

c. 1450, “Additions to the Rule or Saint Saviour”, in George James Aungier, editor, History and Antiquities of Syon Monastery, published 1840, page 395:


materas

materases (plural)
materas (plural)
matras (alternative)
matres (alternative)
matrasse (alternative)
matrace (alternative)
materaz (alternative)
materes (alternative)

English: mattress

Scots: mattrass

Borrowed from Old French matras, from Arabic مَطْرَح (maṭraḥ).

(anatomy, rare) A pad or cushion in one's body.


veine

veines (plural)
vein (alternative)
vene (alternative)
veyne (alternative)
vena (alternative)
vain (alternative)
vaine (alternative)
wein (alternative)
weine (alternative)
wain (alternative)
waine (alternative)
wane (alternative)

English: vein

Scots: van, vane, vain, vaine

From Anglo-Norman veine, from Latin vēna.

Whan that Auerill wᵗ his shoures soote / The droghte of march hath ꝑced to the roote / And bathed euery veyne in swich lycour / Of which v̄tu engendred is the flour[…]

1387–1400, [Geoffrey] Chaucer, “Here Bygynneth the Book of the Tales of Caunt́burẏ”, in The Tales of Caunt́bury (Hengwrt Chaucer; Peniarth Manuscript 392D), Aberystwyth, Ceredigion: National Library of Wales, published [c. 1400–1410], →OCLC, folio 2, recto:

When that April, with its sweet showers / Has pierced March's drought to the root / And bathed every vein in fluid such that / with its power, the flower is made […]


forke

forkes (plural)
forken (plural)
fork (alternative)
furke (alternative)
forch (alternative)
fourch (alternative)

English: fork (see there for further descendants)

Scots: fork

Yola: vork

From Old English force, from Proto-West Germanic *furkō, from Latin furca; also influenced by Anglo-Norman forque and Old French forche, both from the same Latin word.

(Late Middle English, anatomy) A point, spike, or projection on a bone or tooth.


maris

Borrowed from Old French marris, marriz, from Latin mātrīx. Doublet of matrice.

marice (alternative)
mariche (alternative)
mariz (alternative)
marriz (alternative)
marys (alternative)


snaren

snaren (infinitive)
to snaren (infinitive)
snare (infinitive)
snare (first-person present singular)
snared (first-person past singular)
snarest (present second-person singular)
snaredest (past second-person singular)
snareth (present singular third-person)
snared (past singular third-person)
snare (present singular subjunctive)
snared (past singular subjunctive)
snare (imperative present singular)
snaren (plural present)
snare (plural present)
snareden (past plural)
snarede (past plural)
snareth (imperative plural present)
snare (imperative plural present)
snarynge (participle present)
snarende (participle present)
snared (participle past)
snare (alternative)
snarre (alternative)
snaryn (alternative)

English: snare

From snare (“snare”) + -en (infinitival suffix).

af

(surgery, rare) To remove a wound with a snare.


huske

English: husk

Probably borrowed from Middle Low German hūske(n) or Middle Dutch hūskijn, diminutive of hūs (“house”).

(anatomy) A covering (of a wound or the foreskin)


tonge

tonges (plural)
tongen (plural)
tong (alternative)
tung (alternative)
tunge (alternative)

desctree

English: tongue, tounge (misspelling, otherwise obsolete), tung (eye dialect, otherwise obsolete), tong, tonge, toong, toongue, toung, toungue, tunge (obsolete)
Australian Kriol: tang
Bislama: tang
Sranan Tongo: tongo
Tok Pisin: tang
Torres Strait Creole: tang

Scots: tung, tongue, tong

From Old English tunge (“tongue, language”).


tonge

tonges (plural)
tongen (plural)
tang (alternative)
tange (alternative)
tongge (alternative)
toonge (alternative)
tounge (alternative)

English: tong (tongs); tang

Scots: tang, taing

From Old English tang, tange, from Proto-West Germanic *tangu, from Proto-Germanic *tangō. Reinforced by Old Norse tangi.

A pair of tongs:
(surgery) A forceps (surgical tongs)

A pair of tongs:
A forceps (surgical tongs)


writhen

writhen (infinitive)
to writhen (infinitive)
writhe (infinitive)
writhe (first-person present singular)
wroth (first-person past singular)
writhest (present second-person singular)
writhe (past second-person singular)
wroth (past second-person singular)
writheth (present singular third-person)
wroth (past singular third-person)
writhe (present singular subjunctive)
writhe (past singular subjunctive)
writhe (imperative present singular)
writhen (plural present)
writhe (plural present)
writhen (past plural)
writhe (past plural)
writheth (imperative plural present)
writhe (imperative plural present)
writhynge (participle present)
writhende (participle present)
writhen (participle past)
writhe (participle past)
wrethen (participle past)
wrethe (participle past)
ywrithen (participle past)
ywrithe (participle past)
wryþen (alternative)
wryþe (alternative)
wrythyn (alternative)
wriþen (alternative)
writhyn (alternative)
writhe (alternative)

English: writhe

Scots: wryth, writhe

From Old English wrīþan. Cognates include Old Swedish vrīþa and Middle High German rīden.

(rare, surgery) To drill a hole by a twisting motion.


drope

dropes (plural)
dropen (plural rare)
drop (alternative)
droppe (alternative)
droupe (alternative)
droype (alternative Northern)

English: drop

Scots: drap

From Old English dropa, from Proto-West Germanic *dropō, from Proto-Germanic *drupô.

(medicine) A disease having speckles or spots as a symptom.


nekke

nekkes (plural)
nekken (plural)
nake (alternative)
nec (alternative)
necke (alternative)
nek (alternative)
neke (alternative)
nhicke (alternative Kent)
nykke (alternative Kent)

English: neck

Scots: neck

Inherited from Old English hnecca, from Proto-West Germanic *hnakkō, from Proto-Germanic *hnakkô.


lippe

English: lip

Scots: lip

→ Middle Welsh: llippa

Welsh: llipa

From Old English lippa, from Proto-West Germanic *lippjō.


drye

head

drye (plural and weak singular drye, comparative *dryer, superlative *dryest)

drye (plural)
drye (singular weak)
*dryer (comparative)
*dryest (superlative)
drie (alternative)
dry (alternative)
dryge (alternative)
druȝe (alternative)
dryȝe (alternative)
dri (alternative)
drige (alternative)
driȝe (alternative)
driȝȝe (alternative)
dru (alternative)
drue (alternative)
druiȝe (alternative)
druie (alternative)
drei (alternative)
dreie (alternative)
draie (alternative)

English: dry

Scots: dry, drey

From Old English drȳġe, from Proto-West Germanic *drūgi, from Proto-Germanic *drūgiz.


drye

drie (alternative)
dry (alternative)
dryge (alternative)
druȝe (alternative)
dryȝe (alternative)
dri (alternative)
drige (alternative)
driȝe (alternative)
driȝȝe (alternative)
dru (alternative)
drue (alternative)
druiȝe (alternative)
druie (alternative)
drei (alternative)
dreie (alternative)
draie (alternative)

(alchemy, medicine) Something considered alchemically dry.


drawen

enm-verb

drawen (third-person singular simple present draweth, present participle drawinge, first-/third-person singular past indicative drogh or drew, past participle drawen)

draweth (present singular third-person)
drawinge (participle present)
drogh (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
drew (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
drawen (participle past)
drawen (infinitive)
to drawen (infinitive)
drawe (infinitive)
drawe (first-person present singular)
drogh (first-person past singular)
drew (first-person past singular)
drawest (present second-person singular)
drowe (past second-person singular)
drewe (past second-person singular)
drogh (past second-person singular)
drew (past second-person singular)
draweth (present singular third-person)
drogh (past singular third-person)
drew (past singular third-person)
drawe (present singular subjunctive)
drowe (past singular subjunctive)
drewe (past singular subjunctive)
drawe (imperative present singular)
drawen (plural present)
drawe (plural present)
drowen (past plural)
drowe (past plural)
drewen (past plural)
drewe (past plural)
draweth (imperative plural present)
drawe (imperative plural present)
drawynge (participle present)
drawende (participle present)
drawen (participle past)
drawe (participle past)
ydrawen (participle past)
ydrawe (participle past)
drauen (alternative)
dragen (alternative)
draghen (alternative)
draȝen (alternative)
drauhen (alternative)
draȝhenn (alternative)
drawe (alternative)
draue (alternative)
draȝe (alternative)

English: draw

Scots: draw

Yola: dra

From Old English dragan, from Proto-West Germanic *dragan. Many senses are calqued from Latin trahere.

(medicine) To extract blood from (someone)

To pull, move or draw away:
To extract blood from (someone)


poynt

poyntes (plural)
poyns (plural)
poynte (alternative)
point (alternative)
pointe (alternative)
poyinte (alternative)
poinȝte (alternative)
ponte (alternative)
puinte (alternative)
pynte (alternative)
peynt (alternative)

English: point

Yola: pint, peint

Borrowed from Old French point, puint, pointe and Anglo-Norman puingte.

(medicine) stitch used in sewing together a wound


chaungen

chaungen (third-person singular simple present chaungeth, present participle chaungende, chaungynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle chaunged)

chaungeth (present singular third-person)
chaungende (participle present)
chaungynge (participle present)
chaunged (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
chaungen (infinitive)
to chaungen (infinitive)
chaunge (infinitive)
chaunge (first-person present singular)
chaunged (first-person past singular)
chaungest (present second-person singular)
chaungedest (past second-person singular)
chaungeth (present singular third-person)
chaunged (past singular third-person)
chaunge (present singular subjunctive)
chaunged (past singular subjunctive)
chaunge (imperative present singular)
chaungen (plural present)
chaunge (plural present)
chaungeden (past plural)
chaungede (past plural)
chaungeth (imperative plural present)
chaunge (imperative plural present)
chaungynge (participle present)
chaungende (participle present)
chaunged (participle past)
change (alternative)
chaunge (alternative)
chaungi (alternative)
chaungie (alternative)
chawnge (alternative)
chawngyn (alternative)
chaynge (alternative)
chonge (alternative)
schaunche (alternative)

English: change

Scots: cheenge, chinge, cheynge

/ˈt͡ʃaːnd͡ʒən/

/ˈt͡ʃɔnd͡ʒən/

/ˈt͡ʃæi̯nd͡ʒən/

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman chaungier, chaunger and continental Old French changier, from Latin cambiāre, from Gaulish cambion (“change”); equivalent to chaunge (“change”) + -en (infinitival suffix).

af

To change or vary; to become or make different:


governour

gouvernours (plural)
governor (alternative)
governoure (alternative)
governowre (alternative)
governur (alternative)

English: governor (see there for further descendants)

Scots: governour

Yola: governere

Borrowed from Old French gouvreneur, governeor, from Latin gubernātor; equivalent to governen + -our.

(physiology, rare) A body part which controls other body parts.


governen

governen (infinitive)
to governen (infinitive)
governe (infinitive)
governe (first-person present singular)
governed (first-person past singular)
governest (present second-person singular)
governedest (past second-person singular)
governeth (present singular third-person)
governed (past singular third-person)
governe (present singular subjunctive)
governed (past singular subjunctive)
governe (imperative present singular)
governen (plural present)
governe (plural present)
governeden (past plural)
governede (past plural)
governeth (imperative plural present)
governe (imperative plural present)
governynge (participle present)
governende (participle present)
governed (participle past)
ygoverned (participle past)
governe (alternative)
guverne (alternative)
gouvern (alternative)

English: govern

Scots: govern

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman and Old French governer, guverner, from Latin gubernō, from Ancient Greek κυβερνάω (kubernáō).

To direct an individual or thing directly:

(physiology) To affect a body part or bodily system.


rixis

English: rhexis

(medicine) rhexis, especially phleborrhexis or arteriorrhexis (rupture of a blood vessel)


moiste

head

moiste (plural and weak singular moiste, comparative moister, superlative moistest)

moiste (plural)
moiste (singular weak)
moister (comparative)
moistest (superlative)
moist (alternative)
moyste (alternative)
moyst (alternative)
moste (alternative)
moost (alternative)

English: moist

From Old French moiste, of unknown origin.

(alchemy, medicine, physics) dominated by water as an element


lana succida

Borrowed from Medieval Latin lāna succida (“greasy wool”).

bor

(medicine) unwashed sheep’s wool, used raw or impregnated with medicinal oils, ointments, vel sim. as a medicament


kirtel

kirtles (plural)
curtel (alternative)
curtil (alternative)
cuyrtel (alternative)
kertel (alternative)
kertell (alternative)
kertelle (alternative)
kertil (alternative)
kiertel (alternative)
kirtell (alternative)
kirtil (alternative)
kirtill (alternative)
kirtyll (alternative)
kurtel (alternative)
kurtell (alternative)
kyrtell (alternative)
kyrtil (alternative)
kyrtle (alternative)
kyrtul (alternative)
kyrtyl (alternative)
kyrtylle (alternative)

English: kirtle

Scots: kirtle

Inherited from Old English cyrtel, akin to Old Norse kyrtill.

(anatomy, figurative) A tunic or membrane.


yvel

head

yvel (plural and weak singular yvele, comparative worse, superlative worst)

yvele (plural)
yvele (singular weak)
worse (comparative)
worst (superlative)
ivel (alternative)
evel (alternative)
uvel (alternative)
ivil (alternative)
evil (alternative)
yvyl (alternative)
evyl (alternative)
yvyll (alternative)
ivyll (alternative)
evyll (alternative)
evill (alternative)
yvell (alternative)
evell (alternative)
eveyl (alternative)
yvle (alternative)
ifel (alternative Early-Middle-English)
yfel (alternative Early-Middle-English)
ufel (alternative Early-Middle-English)
eovel (alternative Early-Middle-English)
ifell (alternative Early-Middle-English)
uvel (alternative West-Midlands)

English: evil

Scots: evil

From Old English yfel, from Proto-West Germanic *ubil, from Proto-Germanic *ubilaz, of disputed further etymology.

Causing harm; injurious, damaging:
(pathology) infected, abnormal

Causing harm; injurious, damaging:
infected, abnormal


governaunce

governaunces (plural)
gouvernance (alternative)
gouvernaunce (alternative)
governance (alternative)
governans (alternative)
governauns (alternative)
guvernance (alternative)

English: governance

Middle Scots: governance

Borrowed from Old French gouvernance, governance; equivalent to governen + -aunce.

(medicine, alchemy) A course of action; a set of directives.


unobedient

(anatomy, of a limb or muscle) unresponsive, inflexible

(pathology, of an abscess, tumor, or diseased tissue) resistant to treatment

tumor; or diseased tissue; tumor; or diseased tissue

(anatomy, of a humor) unresponsive, obstructive


savacioun

English: salvation

Scots: salvation

Borrowed from Old French salvacion, sauvacion, from Late Latin salvātiō, salvātiōnem; equivalent to saven + -acioun.

salvacion (alternative)
salvacioun (alternative)
salvacyon (alternative)
salvacyoun (alternative)
salvation (alternative)
sauvacioun (alternative)
savacion (alternative)
savacon (alternative)
savacoun (alternative)
savacyon (alternative)
sawacyon (alternative)
salvaciun (alternative)
salvatiun (alternative)
sauvaciun (alternative)

(medicine, rare) Medical remediation; the restoration of health.


spumous

English: spumous

Borrowed from Latin spūmōsus; equivalent to spume + -ous.

spumouse (alternative)
spumose (alternative)

(pathology, Late Middle English, rare) spumous, foamy


hiden

enm-verb

hiden (third-person singular simple present hideth, present participle hidende, first-/third-person singular past indicative hidde, past participle hid)

hideth (present singular third-person)
hidende (participle present)
hidde (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
hid (participle past)
hid (alternative)
hide (alternative)
hied (alternative)
hiede (alternative)
hude (alternative)
huden (alternative)
huide (alternative)
huiden (alternative)
hede (alternative)
heden (alternative)
heide (alternative)
hoide (alternative)
hyd (alternative)
hyde (alternative)
hyed (alternative)
hyede (alternative)
huyde (alternative)
huyden (alternative)
heyde (alternative)
hoyde (alternative)

English: hide

Scots: hide, hyde


swellen

swellen (infinitive)
to swellen (infinitive)
swelle (infinitive)
swelle (first-person present singular)
swal (first-person past singular)
swelled (first-person past singular)
swellest (present second-person singular)
swolle (past second-person singular)
swal (past second-person singular)
swelledest (past second-person singular)
swelleth (present singular third-person)
swal (past singular third-person)
swelled (past singular third-person)
swelle (present singular subjunctive)
swolle (past singular subjunctive)
swelled (past singular subjunctive)
swelle (imperative present singular)
swellen (plural present)
swelle (plural present)
swollen (past plural)
swolle (past plural)
swelleden (past plural)
swellede (past plural)
swelleth (imperative plural present)
swelle (imperative plural present)
swellynge (participle present)
swellende (participle present)
swollen (participle past)
swolle (participle past)
swelled (participle past)
yswolle (participle past)
swelle (alternative)
swell (alternative)
swallen (alternative)
swellyn (alternative)
swellin (alternative)

English: swell

Scots: swell, swall

From Old English swellan, from Proto-West Germanic *swellan, from Proto-Germanic *swellaną.

To swell; to grow or become bigger or stronger:

(medicine) To become swollen due to illness or injury.


purgen

purgen (infinitive)
to purgen (infinitive)
purge (infinitive)
purge (first-person present singular)
purged (first-person past singular)
purgest (present second-person singular)
purgedest (past second-person singular)
purgeth (present singular third-person)
purged (past singular third-person)
purge (present singular subjunctive)
purged (past singular subjunctive)
purge (imperative present singular)
purgen (plural present)
purge (plural present)
purgeden (past plural)
purgede (past plural)
purgeth (imperative plural present)
purge (imperative plural present)
purgynge (participle present)
purgende (participle present)
purged (participle past)
ypurged (participle past)
poorgyn (alternative)
porge (alternative)
porgyn (alternative)
pourge (alternative)
purge (alternative)
purgyn (alternative)

English: purge

Scots: purge

Borrowed from Old French purgier, from Latin pūrgō.

To cleanse or purify; to remove impurities:

(medicine) To purge or cleanse the body.


degre

degres (plural)
degree (alternative)
degrece (alternative)
de-gre (alternative)
degrie (alternative)

English: degree

Scots: degree

Borrowed from Old French degré, degréz (hence the variant degrece); equivalent to de- + gre.

The state, quality, or status of something; something's current characteristics:

A distinguishing quantity; degree, amount, or extent:

(medicine) A degree of severity of medical conditions.


purpel

English: purple

Scots: purpill, purple

From Old English purpel, purpul, from Latin purpura, from Ancient Greek πορφύρα (porphúra).

purple (alternative)
purpul(le) (alternative)
pourpul (alternative)
purpalle (alternative)
porpel (alternative)
purple (alternative)
purpul(le) (alternative)
porpil(le) (alternative)
porpul (alternative)
purpre (alternative)

(medicine, rare) A purple wound or sore.


wikkednesse

wikkednesses (plural)
wickedenesse (alternative)
wickednes (alternative)
wickednesse (alternative)
wickidnesse (alternative)
wyckednesse (alternative)
wyckydnes (alternative)
wikcudnes (alternative)
wikednesse (alternative)
wikkednes (alternative)

English: wickedness


toborstennysse

(medicine) A cavity or break in tissue; a rupture, abscess.


toȝotenysse

(Early Middle English, medicine, rare) The seeping of fluid into a cavity; effusion.


toðundennysse

toðundennysses (plural)
toðundennisse (alternative)
toðundenysse (alternative)
toðundenisse (alternative)
toþundnysse (alternative)
toþundnisse (alternative)
toðundunnysse (alternative)
toðundunnisse (alternative)
toþunȝenysse (alternative)
toþunȝenisse (alternative)
toþunȝennysse (alternative)
toþunȝennisse (alternative)

(Early Middle English, medicine) A lump on the body, such as a swelling or tumor.


forkerven

forkerven (infinitive)
to forkerven (infinitive)
forkerve (infinitive)
forkerve (first-person present singular)
forcarf (first-person past singular)
forkervest (present second-person singular)
forcurve (past second-person singular)
forcorve (past second-person singular)
forcarf (past second-person singular)
forkerveth (present singular third-person)
forcarf (past singular third-person)
forkerve (present singular subjunctive)
forcurve (past singular subjunctive)
forcorve (past singular subjunctive)
forkerve (imperative present singular)
forkerven (plural present)
forkerve (plural present)
forcurven (past plural)
forcurve (past plural)
forcorven (past plural)
forcorve (past plural)
forkerveth (imperative plural present)
forkerve (imperative plural present)
forkervynge (participle present)
forkervende (participle present)
forcorven (participle past)
forcorve (participle past)

English: forcarve

From Old English forċeorfan. Equivalent to for- + kerven.

(rare, medicine) To make soft, to disintegrate


venym

venymes (plural)
fenim (alternative)
venem (alternative)
venim (alternative)
venom (alternative)
venyme (alternative)
wenim (alternative)

English: venom

Yola: vengem

(medicine) An infection or disease; a malignant presence in the body.


venymoushede

venymousheede (alternative)
venymousehede (alternative)

(medicine) An infection; a malign tumour.


venymouste

From Old French venimosete; by surface analysis, venymous + -te.

venemosite (alternative)
venemostee (alternative)
venemouste (alternative)
venemoustee (alternative)


yeten

yeten (third-person singular simple present yeteth, present participle yetende, yetynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative yet, past participle yoten)

yeteth (present singular third-person)
yetende (participle present)
yetynge (participle present)
yet (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
yoten (participle past)
yeten (infinitive)
to yeten (infinitive)
yete (infinitive)
yete (first-person present singular)
yet (first-person past singular)
yeted (first-person past singular)
yetest (present second-person singular)
yote (past second-person singular)
yet (past second-person singular)
yetedest (past second-person singular)
yeteth (present singular third-person)
yet (past singular third-person)
yeted (past singular third-person)
yete (present singular subjunctive)
yote (past singular subjunctive)
yeted (past singular subjunctive)
yete (imperative present singular)
yeten (plural present)
yete (plural present)
yoten (past plural)
yote (past plural)
yeteden (past plural)
yetede (past plural)
yeteth (imperative plural present)
yete (imperative plural present)
yetynge (participle present)
yetende (participle present)
yoten (participle past)
yote (participle past)
yeted (participle past)
yyoten (participle past)
yyote (participle past)
yyeted (participle past)
geten (alternative)
yetten (alternative)
ȝeten (alternative)
ȝetten (alternative)
ȝeoten (alternative)
geoten (alternative)

English: yet, ewte (dialectal), yete (obsolete), yeet

Scots: ȝet, yet, yat

q

via past participle <i class="Latn mention" lang="enm">yoten</i>

⇒ English: yote (via past participle yoten) (dialectal)

From Old English gēotan, from Proto-West Germanic *geutan.

(transitive, medicine) To emit fluid from the body.

(transitive, medicine) to administer medication by drop or injection.


whelyn

whelyn (infinitive)
to whelyn (infinitive)
whele (infinitive)
whele (first-person present singular)
wheled (first-person past singular)
whelest (present second-person singular)
wheledest (past second-person singular)
wheleth (present singular third-person)
wheled (past singular third-person)
whele (present singular subjunctive)
wheled (past singular subjunctive)
whele (imperative present singular)
whelen (plural present)
whele (plural present)
wheleden (past plural)
whelede (past plural)
wheleth (imperative plural present)
whele (imperative plural present)
whelynge (participle present)
whelende (participle present)
wheled (participle past)
ywheled (participle past)

English: wheal

From Old English hwelian; equivalent to whele (“boil”) + -en (infinitival suffix).

af

(medicine, rare) To become pustulous and swollen.

(medicine, rare) To become septic and infected.


quenchen

enm-verb

quenchen (third-person singular simple present quencheth, present participle quenchende, quenchynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle quenched)

quencheth (present singular third-person)
quenchende (participle present)
quenchynge (participle present)
quenched (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
quenchen (infinitive)
to quenchen (infinitive)
quenche (infinitive)
quenche (first-person present singular)
quenched (first-person past singular)
quenchest (present second-person singular)
quenchedest (past second-person singular)
quencheth (present singular third-person)
quenched (past singular third-person)
quenche (present singular subjunctive)
quenched (past singular subjunctive)
quenche (imperative present singular)
quenchen (plural present)
quenche (plural present)
quencheden (past plural)
quenchede (past plural)
quencheth (imperative plural present)
quenche (imperative plural present)
quenchynge (participle present)
quenchende (participle present)
quenched (participle past)
yquenched (participle past)
cwenche (alternative)
kuenche (alternative)
quenche (alternative)
queynchen (alternative)
qwenchen (alternative)
quynchen (alternative)
cwennkenn (alternative Ormulum)

English: quench

Scots: quench

Inherited from Old English cwenċan, from Proto-West Germanic *kwankijan, from Proto-Germanic *kwankijaną.

(medicine) To modify mercury to make it usable in recipes.


mynystren

mynystren (third-person singular simple present mynystreth, present participle mynystrende, mynystrynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle mynystred)

mynystreth (present singular third-person)
mynystrende (participle present)
mynystrynge (participle present)
mynystred (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
mynystren (infinitive)
to mynystren (infinitive)
mynystre (infinitive)
mynystre (first-person present singular)
mynystred (first-person past singular)
mynystrest (present second-person singular)
mynystredest (past second-person singular)
mynystreth (present singular third-person)
mynystred (past singular third-person)
mynystre (present singular subjunctive)
mynystred (past singular subjunctive)
mynystre (imperative present singular)
mynystren (plural present)
mynystre (plural present)
mynystreden (past plural)
mynystrede (past plural)
mynystreth (imperative plural present)
mynystre (imperative plural present)
mynystrynge (participle present)
mynystrende (participle present)
mynystred (participle past)
ymynystred (participle past)
minister (alternative)
ministere (alternative)
ministre (alternative)
mynystir (alternative)
mynystre (alternative)
mynystryn (alternative)
mynystyr (alternative)

English: minister

Scots: minister (obsolete)

Borrowed from Middle French ministrer, from Old French ministrer, from Latin ministrō; equivalent to ministre + -en (infinitival suffix).

(Christianity or medicine) To administer (a sacrament or medicine)

To give (out); to deliver:
To administer (a sacrament or medicine)


mynystrynge

English: ministering

Scots: ministring (obsolete)

ministrenge (alternative)
ministring (alternative)
minystrynge (alternative)
mynisterynge (alternative)
mynysteryng (alternative)
mynystryng (alternative)

(medicine, rare) The administration of medicine.


wevynge

English: weaving

Scots: weavin

weffynge (alternative)
wefyng (alternative)
weving (alternative)
wevinge (alternative)
wevingge (alternative)
wevyng (alternative)
weyvinge (alternative)

(anatomy, rare) An array of various interwoven threads.


swellynge

swellynges (plural)
swalyng (alternative)
swellyng (alternative)
swelling (alternative)

English: swelling

Scots: swallin

(medicine) A swelling or growth of a body part or injury.

(medicine) An unnatural excrescence or projection.


swelle

swelles (plural)
swele (alternative)
swel (alternative)
suele (alternative)
swell (alternative)

English: swell

(rare, medicine) A swelling or bloating.


blowynge

blowynges (plural)
bloweing (alternative)
blowing (alternative)
blowinge (alternative)
blowyng (alternative)
bloynge (alternative)
blawyng (alternative Northern)
blawing (alternative Early-Middle-English)
blawunge (alternative Early-Middle-English)

English: blowing

Scots: blawin

Yola: blayeen, blauyeen

Inherited from Old English blāwung; equivalent to blowen (“to blow”) + -ing.

(rare, medicine) Inflammation or swelling of a body part.


norischen

norischen (infinitive)
to norischen (infinitive)
norische (infinitive)
norische (first-person present singular)
norisched (first-person past singular)
norischest (present second-person singular)
norischedest (past second-person singular)
norischeth (present singular third-person)
norisched (past singular third-person)
norische (present singular subjunctive)
norisched (past singular subjunctive)
norische (imperative present singular)
norischen (plural present)
norische (plural present)
norischeden (past plural)
norischede (past plural)
norischeth (imperative plural present)
norische (imperative plural present)
norischynge (participle present)
norischende (participle present)
norisched (participle past)
ynorisched (participle past)
norische (alternative)
norisshen (alternative)
norisshe (alternative)
norschen (alternative)
norschyn (alternative)
nurisch (alternative)
norysche (alternative)
norysch (alternative)
norissche (alternative)
nurysche (alternative)
norshe (alternative)
norischi (alternative)
norischci (alternative)
norissy (alternative)

English: nourish

Scots: nourish

From Old French nouriss-, stem of norrir, from Latin nūtriō.

(physiology) To supply bodily organs with vital substances.


crepen

crepen (infinitive)
to crepen (infinitive)
crepe (infinitive)
crepe (first-person present singular)
crep (first-person past singular)
crop (first-person past singular)
crepte (first-person past singular)
creped (first-person past singular)
crepest (present second-person singular)
crope (past second-person singular)
crepe (past second-person singular)
crep (past second-person singular)
crop (past second-person singular)
creptest (past second-person singular)
crepedest (past second-person singular)
crepeth (present singular third-person)
crep (past singular third-person)
crop (past singular third-person)
crepte (past singular third-person)
creped (past singular third-person)
crepe (present singular subjunctive)
crope (past singular subjunctive)
crepe (past singular subjunctive)
crepte (past singular subjunctive)
creped (past singular subjunctive)
crepe (imperative present singular)
crepen (plural present)
crepe (plural present)
cropen (past plural)
crope (past plural)
crepen (past plural)
crepe (past plural)
crepten (past plural)
crepte (past plural)
crepeden (past plural)
crepede (past plural)
crepeth (imperative plural present)
crepe (imperative plural present)
crepynge (participle present)
crepende (participle present)
cropen (participle past)
crope (participle past)
crept (participle past)
creped (participle past)
ycrope (participle past)
crepe (alternative)
creope (alternative)
creepe (alternative)
cryepe (alternative)

English: creep

Scots: crepe, creip

From Old English crēopan, from Proto-Germanic *kreupaną.
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *grewbʰ-der.
Proto-Germanic *kreupaną
Proto-West Germanic *kreupan
Old English crēopan
Middle English crepen

etymon

(pathology) To become more dire or severe; to grow.


fumosite

fumositees (plural)
fumositee (alternative)
ffumosyte (alternative)
fumosyte (alternative)

English: fumosity (obsolete)

Borrowed from Old French fumosité, from Latin fūmōsitās (which some forms are directly from); equivalent to fumous + -ite.

(physiology) Bodily fumes that purportedly cause an ailment or mood.


writhyng

English: writhing

wrythynge (alternative)
wriþing (alternative)
writhynge (alternative)
wryþyng (alternative)
wriþinge (alternative)
wrythyng (alternative)


hayle

hayles (plural)
hail (alternative)
hayl (alternative)
haile (alternative)
haiel (alternative)
ail (alternative)
hale (alternative)
haul (alternative)
hawle (alternative)
hawel (alternative)
hagol (alternative)
haȝel (alternative)
haȝol (alternative)
hahȝel (alternative)
haghil (alternative)

English: hail

Scots: hail

From Old English hæġl, hæġel, hagol, from Proto-Germanic *haglaz (“hail”).

(rare, medicine) A tumor situated near the eye.


chyne

chynes (plural)
chene (alternative)
cheyne (alternative)
chine (alternative)
chyn (alternative)
chynne (alternative)

English: chine (chink)

Scots: chin, chun

From Old English ċine, ċinu, from Proto-West Germanic *kinu, from Proto-Germanic *kinō. Forms with /iː/ are influenced by chynen.

(pathology) opening (of an injury or wound)


posicioun

posicions (plural)
pocicioun (alternative)
posicion (alternative)
posiscioun (alternative)
posycioun (alternative)
possissioun (alternative)

English: position

Borrowed from Old French posicion, from Latin positiō.

(surgery) Position or location on the body.


imposicioun

imposicions (plural)
imposition (alternative)
imposicion (alternative)
imposicyon (alternative)
ymposicion (alternative)
imposecion (alternative)
ymposicioun (alternative)
imposicyoun (alternative)
imposisioun (alternative)

English: imposition

Borrowed from Old French imposicion, from Latin impositiō; equivalent to in- + posicioun.

(rare, surgery) Entering, putting something inside.


sotilen

sotilen (infinitive)
to sotilen (infinitive)
sotile (infinitive)
sotile (first-person present singular)
sotiled (first-person past singular)
sotilest (present second-person singular)
sotiledest (past second-person singular)
sotileth (present singular third-person)
sotiled (past singular third-person)
sotile (present singular subjunctive)
sotiled (past singular subjunctive)
sotile (imperative present singular)
sotilen (plural present)
sotile (plural present)
sotileden (past plural)
sotilede (past plural)
sotileth (imperative plural present)
sotile (imperative plural present)
sotilynge (participle present)
sotilende (participle present)
sotiled (participle past)
ysotiled (participle past)
sotille (alternative)
sotile (alternative)
suptylen (alternative)

Borrowed from Old French sotiliier, from Late Latin subtīliō; equivalent to sotil + -en (infinitival suffix).

(medicine) To lessen someone's food intake.


hornynge

English: horning

horninge (alternative)
hornyng (alternative)

(surgery) The utilisation of a horn for suction.


governail

governails (plural)
governail (alternative)
governaill (alternative)
governaille (alternative)
governayle (alternative)
governaylle (alternative)
governele (alternative)
governeylle (alternative)

English: governail (archaic)

Middle Scots: governall

Borrowed from Middle French governail, from Old French governail, governaille, from Latin gubernāculum.

(rare, medicine) A restorative course of action.


governynge

governyngis (plural)
governyng (alternative)
governing (alternative)
gouvernynge (alternative)

English: governing

(medicine) The practice of giving out a restorative course of action.

(physiology, rare) The effect exerted by a part of the body on another.


fantome

fantomes (plural)
fantam (alternative)
fantem (alternative)
fanteme (alternative)
fantesme (alternative)
fantime (alternative)
fantom (alternative)
fantosme (alternative)
fantoum (alternative)
fantum (alternative)
fantym (alternative)

English: phantom, phantasm

Scots: phanton

Borrowed from Old French fantesme, fantosme, from Latin phantasma, from Ancient Greek φάντασμα (phántasma).

(rare, medicine) A hallucination or delirium brought on by illness.


towayle

towayles (plural)
towaile (alternative)
towelle (alternative)
towell (alternative)
towel (alternative)
towail (alternative)
towaille (alternative)
tueil (alternative)
touwayle (alternative)
touel (alternative)
twaile (alternative)
tuell (alternative)
touayl (alternative)
touwayl (alternative)
towayl (alternative)
twayle (alternative)
tawale (alternative)
tewayll (alternative)
toual (alternative)
twaylle (alternative)
towylle (alternative)

English: towel (see there for further descendants)

Scots: toul, tool, tooel

→ Irish: tuáille

From Old French toaille, from Early Medieval Latin toallia, from Frankish *þwahilu.


indignacioun

English: indignation

From Old French indignation, from Latin indignātiō; compare endeynen.

endignacioun (alternative)
endyngnacion (alternative)
indignacion (alternative)
indignation (alternative)
indingnacioun (alternative)
indyngnacion (alternative)
indyngnacyoun (alternative)
yndyngnacion (alternative)


disdeynen

disdeynen (infinitive)
to disdeynen (infinitive)
disdeyne (infinitive)
disdeyne (first-person present singular)
disdeyned (first-person past singular)
disdeynest (present second-person singular)
disdeynedest (past second-person singular)
disdeyneth (present singular third-person)
disdeyned (past singular third-person)
disdeyne (present singular subjunctive)
disdeyned (past singular subjunctive)
disdeyne (imperative present singular)
disdeynen (plural present)
disdeyne (plural present)
disdeyneden (past plural)
disdeynede (past plural)
disdeyneth (imperative plural present)
disdeyne (imperative plural present)
disdeynynge (participle present)
disdeynende (participle present)
disdeyned (participle past)
dedein (alternative)
dedene (alternative)
dedeyne (alternative)
dedeyngnen (alternative)
desdeignen (alternative)
disdaignen (alternative)
disdeyne (alternative)
dysdayne (alternative)
dysdeynen (alternative)

English: disdain

Scots: disdain

Borrowed from Old French desdeignier; equivalent to dis- + deynen. Compare deynen (“to disdain”).


disdeyne

English: disdain

Scots: disdain

Borrowed from Old French desdeigne; compare deyne.

dedayn (alternative)
dedeayne (alternative)
dedeigne (alternative)
dedein (alternative)
dedeinyhe (alternative)
dedeygne (alternative)
dedeyn (alternative)
de-deyn (alternative)
desdayn (alternative)
dedeyne (alternative)
desdeign (alternative)
desdeyn (alternative)
disdeingne (alternative)
disdeyn (alternative)
dysdeyn (alternative)

(rare, pathology) The inflammation of a wound.


inscicioun

insciciouns (plural)
ensisioun (alternative)
incicioun (alternative)
incision (alternative)
inscision (alternative)
inscisioun (alternative)
yncicioun (alternative)

English: incision

From Middle French incision, from Latin incisiō.


sclise

English: slice

Scots: sclice

Borrowed from Old French esclice, from esclicier.

sclice (alternative)
sclys (alternative)
sclyse (alternative)
sklice (alternative)
sklisce (alternative)
sklyce (alternative)
sklys (alternative)
sklyse (alternative)
slyce (alternative)
slyse (alternative)


wasshen

wasshen (infinitive)
to wasshen (infinitive)
wasshe (infinitive)
wasshe (first-person present singular)
wessh (first-person past singular)
wossh (first-person past singular)
wasshest (present second-person singular)
wesshe (past second-person singular)
wosshe (past second-person singular)
wessh (past second-person singular)
wossh (past second-person singular)
wassheth (present singular third-person)
wessh (past singular third-person)
wossh (past singular third-person)
wasshe (present singular subjunctive)
wesshe (past singular subjunctive)
wosshe (past singular subjunctive)
wasshe (imperative present singular)
wasshen (plural present)
wasshe (plural present)
wesshen (past plural)
wesshe (past plural)
wosshen (past plural)
wosshe (past plural)
wassheth (imperative plural present)
wasshe (imperative plural present)
wasshynge (participle present)
wasshende (participle present)
wasshen (participle past)
wasshe (participle past)
ywasshe (participle past)
wasch (alternative)
wasche (alternative)
waschen (alternative)
waschsche (alternative)
washe (alternative)
washen (alternative)
wasse (alternative)
wasschen (alternative)
wasshe (alternative)
weschen (alternative)
waischen (alternative)
waissche (alternative)
waisshen (alternative)
wayschen (alternative)
whasche (alternative)
whaschen (alternative)

English: wash
→ Swazi: washa

Scots: wash, wesh

From Old English wascan, from Proto-West Germanic *waskan, from Proto-Germanic *waskaną.

To wash; to clean with liquid:
(medicine) To clean a wound.

To wash; to clean with liquid:
To clean a wound.


wasshynge

wasshynges (plural)
waschenge (alternative)
wasching (alternative)
waschynge (alternative)
wassching (alternative)
washing (alternative)
washyng (alternative)
wasschunge (alternative)
wasschyng (alternative)
wasshing (alternative)
wasshinge (alternative)
wasshyng (alternative)
weschyng (alternative)
weschynge (alternative)
wesschinge (alternative)
wesschunge (alternative)
waisching (alternative)
wayschynge (alternative)

English: washing

Middle Scots: wasching

Scots: washin

From Old English *wæsċing, equivalent to wasshen + -ing.

The process of washing or cleaning:
(medicine) The bathing of a wound.

The process of washing or cleaning:
The bathing of a wound.


maturacioun

English: maturation

From Middle French maturation, from Latin maturatio; equivalent to maturen + -acioun.

(medicine) maturation (discharging of pus)

(medicine, rare) Having tendency to cause such maturation.


maturatif

enm-noun

maturatif (plural maturatives or maturatifs)

maturatives (plural)
maturatifs (plural)
maturatijf (alternative)
maturative (alternative)
maturatyf (alternative)
maturatyfe (alternative)
maturatyff (alternative)

English: maturative

From Middle French maturatif, from Medieval Latin mātūrātīvus; equivalent to maturen + -atyf.

(medicine) suppurative (medicine causing discharging of pus)


maturatif

English: maturative

maturatijf (alternative)
maturative (alternative)
maturatyf (alternative)
maturatyfe (alternative)
maturatyff (alternative)

(medicine, rare) Currently discharging pus; suppurative.


maturynge

maturing (alternative)
maturinge (alternative)
maturyng (alternative)

(medicine, rare) suppurative (medicine causing discharging of pus)


solucioun

English: solution

Borrowed from Old French solucion, from Latin solūtiō, solūtiōnem; compare solven.

solucion (alternative)
solutyon (alternative)


resolucioun

resoluciouns (plural)
resolucion (alternative)
resolucyoun (alternative)
resolution (alternative)

English: resolution

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman resolucion or its etymon Latin resolūtiō, resolūtiōnem; equivalent to re- + solucioun. Compare resolven.

(medicine) The decomposition of humours or the ability to cause it.


solven

solven (infinitive)
to solven (infinitive)
solve (infinitive)
solve (first-person present singular)
solved (first-person past singular)
solvest (present second-person singular)
solvedest (past second-person singular)
solveth (present singular third-person)
solved (past singular third-person)
solve (present singular subjunctive)
solved (past singular subjunctive)
solve (imperative present singular)
solven (plural present)
solve (plural present)
solveden (past plural)
solvede (past plural)
solveth (imperative plural present)
solve (imperative plural present)
solvynge (participle present)
solvende (participle present)
solved (participle past)
ysolved (participle past)
solve (alternative)
solvyn (alternative)

English: solve

(chiefly medicine) To break up; to drive out.


dissolven

dissolven (infinitive)
to dissolven (infinitive)
dissolve (infinitive)
dissolve (first-person present singular)
dissolved (first-person past singular)
dissolvest (present second-person singular)
dissolvedest (past second-person singular)
dissolveth (present singular third-person)
dissolved (past singular third-person)
dissolve (present singular subjunctive)
dissolved (past singular subjunctive)
dissolve (imperative present singular)
dissolven (plural present)
dissolve (plural present)
dissolveden (past plural)
dissolvede (past plural)
dissolveth (imperative plural present)
dissolve (imperative plural present)
dissolvynge (participle present)
dissolvende (participle present)
dissolved (participle past)
desolven (alternative)
dissolve (alternative)
dyssolve (alternative)

English: dissolve

Borrowed from Latin dissolvō, dissolvere; equivalent to dis- + solven. Compare dissolucioun.


resolven

enm-verb

resolven (third-person singular simple present resolveth, present participle resolvende, resolvynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle resolved)

resolveth (present singular third-person)
resolvende (participle present)
resolvynge (participle present)
resolved (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
resolven (infinitive)
to resolven (infinitive)
resolve (infinitive)
resolve (first-person present singular)
resolved (first-person past singular)
resolvest (present second-person singular)
resolvedest (past second-person singular)
resolveth (present singular third-person)
resolved (past singular third-person)
resolve (present singular subjunctive)
resolved (past singular subjunctive)
resolve (imperative present singular)
resolven (plural present)
resolve (plural present)
resolveden (past plural)
resolvede (past plural)
resolveth (imperative plural present)
resolve (imperative plural present)
resolvynge (participle present)
resolvende (participle present)
resolved (participle past)
resolve (alternative)

English: resolve

Borrowed from Latin resolvō, resolvere; equivalent to re- + solven. Compare resolucioun.


overchaufen

overchaufen (infinitive)
to overchaufen (infinitive)
overchaufe (infinitive)
overchaufe (first-person present singular)
overchaufed (first-person past singular)
overchaufest (present second-person singular)
overchaufedest (past second-person singular)
overchaufeth (present singular third-person)
overchaufed (past singular third-person)
overchaufe (present singular subjunctive)
overchaufed (past singular subjunctive)
overchaufe (imperative present singular)
overchaufen (plural present)
overchaufe (plural present)
overchaufeden (past plural)
overchaufede (past plural)
overchaufeth (imperative plural present)
overchaufe (imperative plural present)
overchaufynge (participle present)
overchaufende (participle present)
overchaufed (participle past)
over chaufen (alternative)


stiche

stiches (plural)
stecche (alternative)
steche (alternative)
sticche (alternative)
sticke (alternative)
stych (alternative)
styche (alternative)
styk (alternative)

English: stitch

Scots: steek, stick

Inherited from Old English stiċe, from Proto-West Germanic *stiki, from Proto-Germanic *stikiz; compare stikke.


schaply

English: shapely

Scots: shapely

Either from Old English *ġesċeaplīċ or formed anew from schap + -ly (adjectival suffix).

schapli (alternative)
schaplich (alternative)
schappely (alternative)
shaplich (alternative)
shaply (alternative)
shapply (alternative)
shapplych (alternative)

(medicine) Properly-shaped; not deformed.


rubben

rubben (third-person singular simple present rubbeth, present participle rubbende, rubbynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle rubbed)

rubbeth (present singular third-person)
rubbende (participle present)
rubbynge (participle present)
rubbed (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
rubben (infinitive)
to rubben (infinitive)
rubbe (infinitive)
rubbe (first-person present singular)
rubbed (first-person past singular)
rubbest (present second-person singular)
rubbedest (past second-person singular)
rubbeth (present singular third-person)
rubbed (past singular third-person)
rubbe (present singular subjunctive)
rubbed (past singular subjunctive)
rubbe (imperative present singular)
rubben (plural present)
rubbe (plural present)
rubbeden (past plural)
rubbede (past plural)
rubbeth (imperative plural present)
rubbe (imperative plural present)
rubbynge (participle present)
rubbende (participle present)
rubbed (participle past)
yrubbed (participle past)
robbe (alternative)
robby (alternative)
rubbe (alternative)
rubbyn (alternative)
rube (alternative)

English: rub

Scots: rub

Uncertain, though akin to Low German rubben, Saterland Frisian rubben, and Old Norse rubba. Possibly ultimately from Proto-Germanic *rubbōną, related to *reufaną.


mysfeling

Possibly a participle of an unattested verb *mysfelen, from mys- + felen ("to think wrongly; to feel poorly"). By surface analysis, mys- + feling.

a1475, Platearis Practica brevis [Cambridge University Library MS Dd.10.44] fol. 18v, quoted in 2016, Juhani Norri, Dictionary of Medical VOcabulary in English, 1375-1550: Body Parts, Sickness, Instruments, and Medical Preperations; under "misfeeling"
Ȝyf be in þe sinewis, þan þe stoppynge & mysfyllynge [L: stupor et insensibilitas (D5va)] is in þe ouereste partes, as in þe face.

(please add an English translation of this quotation)


chawe

English: chaw

Scots: chaw

From Old English *ċēawe, from Proto-West Germanic *kauwā (“jaw”). Cognate with Middle Dutch couwe (“jaw”), Middle High German kouwe (“jaw, mouth”).

*chewe (alternative)
*chowe (alternative)


thirlen

thirlen (third-person singular simple present thirleth, present participle thirlende, thirlynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle thirled)

thirleth (present singular third-person)
thirlende (participle present)
thirlynge (participle present)
thirled (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
thirlen (infinitive)
to thirlen (infinitive)
thirle (infinitive)
thirle (first-person present singular)
thirled (first-person past singular)
thirlest (present second-person singular)
thirledest (past second-person singular)
thirleth (present singular third-person)
thirled (past singular third-person)
thirle (present singular subjunctive)
thirled (past singular subjunctive)
thirle (imperative present singular)
thirlen (plural present)
thirle (plural present)
thirleden (past plural)
thirlede (past plural)
thirleth (imperative plural present)
thirle (imperative plural present)
thirlynge (participle present)
thirlende (participle present)
thirled (participle past)
ythirled (participle past)
thirl (alternative)
thrill (alternative)
thrillen (alternative)
thrylle (alternative)
þerle (alternative)
þerlyn (alternative)
þirlen (alternative)
þirllen (alternative)
þrille (alternative)
þurle (alternative)
þurlin (alternative)

English: thirl; thrill

Scots: thirl

From Old English þȳrlian; equivalent to thirl (“hole”) + -en (infinitival suffix).

af

(rare, anatomy) To occupy or extend into.

To enter, move or travel into:
To occupy or extend into.


comunen

enm-verb

comunen (third-person singular simple present comuneth, present participle comunende, comunynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle comuned)

comuneth (present singular third-person)
comunende (participle present)
comunynge (participle present)
comuned (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
comunen (infinitive)
to comunen (infinitive)
comune (infinitive)
comune (first-person present singular)
comuned (first-person past singular)
comunest (present second-person singular)
comunedest (past second-person singular)
comuneth (present singular third-person)
comuned (past singular third-person)
comune (present singular subjunctive)
comuned (past singular subjunctive)
comune (imperative present singular)
comunen (plural present)
comune (plural present)
comuneden (past plural)
comunede (past plural)
comuneth (imperative plural present)
comune (imperative plural present)
comunynge (participle present)
comunende (participle present)
comuned (participle past)
comone (alternative)
comoun (alternative)
communen (alternative)
comune (alternative)
comyne (alternative)
komown (alternative)
communy (alternative Kent)

English: common (obsolete); commune

desc

Middle Scots: common, commone, commoun, commoune

Borrowed from Old French comuner and comunier; equivalent to comun (“shared, common”) + -en (infinitival suffix).

af

(pathology, rare) To proliferate or expand (of a disease)