underdelven

underdelven (infinitive)
to underdelven (infinitive)
underdelve (infinitive)
underdelve (first-person present singular)
underdalf (first-person past singular)
underdelved (first-person past singular)
underdelvest (present second-person singular)
underdolve (past second-person singular)
underdalf (past second-person singular)
underdelvedest (past second-person singular)
underdelveth (present singular third-person)
underdalf (past singular third-person)
underdelved (past singular third-person)
underdelve (present singular subjunctive)
underdolve (past singular subjunctive)
underdelved (past singular subjunctive)
underdelve (imperative present singular)
underdelven (plural present)
underdelve (plural present)
underdolven (past plural)
underdolve (past plural)
underdelveden (past plural)
underdelvede (past plural)
underdelveth (imperative plural present)
underdelve (imperative plural present)
underdelvynge (participle present)
underdelvende (participle present)
underdolven (participle past)
underdolve (participle past)
underdelved (participle past)
under-delven (alternative)
under delvyn (alternative)

English: underdelve

From Old English underdelfan, calquing Latin suffodiō; equivalent to under- + delven.


schrynken

enm-verb

schrynken (third-person singular simple present schrynketh, present participle schrynkynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative schrank, past participle schronken)

schrynketh (present singular third-person)
schrynkynge (participle present)
schrank (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
schronken (participle past)
schrynken (infinitive)
to schrynken (infinitive)
schrynke (infinitive)
schrynke (first-person present singular)
schrank (first-person past singular)
schrynkest (present second-person singular)
schronke (past second-person singular)
schranke (past second-person singular)
schrank (past second-person singular)
schrynketh (present singular third-person)
schrank (past singular third-person)
schrynke (present singular subjunctive)
schronke (past singular subjunctive)
schranke (past singular subjunctive)
schrynke (imperative present singular)
schrynken (plural present)
schrynke (plural present)
schronken (past plural)
schronke (past plural)
schranken (past plural)
schranke (past plural)
schrynketh (imperative plural present)
schrynke (imperative plural present)
schrynkynge (participle present)
schrynkende (participle present)
schronken (participle past)
schronke (participle past)
yschronken (participle past)
yschronke (participle past)
schrinke (alternative)
schryngke (alternative)
schrynke (alternative)
schrynkyn (alternative)
shrincke (alternative)
shrinke (alternative)
shrinken (alternative)
scrinkin (alternative)

English: shrink

Scots: scrink

From Old English sċrincan, from Proto-West Germanic *skrinkwan, from Proto-Germanic *skrinkwaną. Forms in /sk/ are influenced by Old Norse.

(Late Middle English, rare, of money) To decrease.


scrinkin

(Early Middle English) alternative form of schrynken


swyngen

swyngen (infinitive)
to swyngen (infinitive)
swynge (infinitive)
swynge (first-person present singular)
swang (first-person past singular)
swong (first-person past singular)
swyngest (present second-person singular)
swonge (past second-person singular)
swang (past second-person singular)
swong (past second-person singular)
swyngeth (present singular third-person)
swang (past singular third-person)
swong (past singular third-person)
swynge (present singular subjunctive)
swonge (past singular subjunctive)
swynge (imperative present singular)
swyngen (plural present)
swynge (plural present)
swongen (past plural)
swonge (past plural)
swyngeth (imperative plural present)
swynge (imperative plural present)
swyngynge (participle present)
swyngende (participle present)
swongen (participle past)
swonge (participle past)
yswongen (participle past)
yswonge (participle past)
swingen (alternative)
swyng (alternative)
swynge (alternative)
swyngge (alternative)
swyngyn (alternative)
squynge (alternative Northern)
suing (alternative Northern)
swingan (alternative Early-Middle-English)
swingæn (alternative Early-Middle-English)
swinꟑenn (alternative Early-Middle-English)

English: swing

→ Dutch: swingen

→ Norman: souîndgi

Scots: swing, sweeng

Inherited from Old English swingan, from Proto-West Germanic *swingan, from Proto-Germanic *swinganą.

Jhesu, that wes milde ant fre, wes with spere y-stonge; He was nailed to the tre, with scourges y-swongen.

a. 1327, “Specimens of Lyric Poetry”, in Council of the Percy Society, volume XXVIII, published 1841, page 84:

To strike or land a blow:
To flog, beat, or scourge.

To strike or land a blow:
To chastise; to injure as punishment.

(cooking) To beat or whip (eggs or milk)


swingæn

(Early Middle English) alternative form of swyngen


forswelten

forswelten (infinitive)
to forswelten (infinitive)
forswelte (infinitive)
forswelte (first-person present singular)
forswelte (first-person past singular)
forsweltest (present second-person singular)
forsweltest (past second-person singular)
forswelteth (present singular third-person)
forswelte (past singular third-person)
forswelte (present singular subjunctive)
forswelte (past singular subjunctive)
forswelte (imperative present singular)
forswelten (plural present)
forswelte (plural present)
forswelten (past plural)
forswelte (past plural)
forswelteth (imperative plural present)
forswelte (imperative plural present)
forsweltynge (participle present)
forsweltende (participle present)
forswelt (participle past)
yforswelt (participle past)

From Old English forsweltan; equivalent to for- + swelten.


flyngen

flyngen (infinitive)
to flyngen (infinitive)
flynge (infinitive)
flynge (first-person present singular)
flang (first-person past singular)
flyngest (present second-person singular)
flunge (past second-person singular)
flange (past second-person singular)
flang (past second-person singular)
flyngeth (present singular third-person)
flang (past singular third-person)
flynge (present singular subjunctive)
flunge (past singular subjunctive)
flange (past singular subjunctive)
flynge (imperative present singular)
flyngen (plural present)
flynge (plural present)
flungen (past plural)
flunge (past plural)
flangen (past plural)
flange (past plural)
flyngeth (imperative plural present)
flynge (imperative plural present)
flyngynge (participle present)
flyngende (participle present)
flungen (participle past)
flunge (participle past)
flenge (alternative)
fling (alternative)
flinge (alternative)
flynge (alternative)

English: fling

Scots: fling

Borrowed from Old Norse flengja, from Proto-Germanic *flangijaną.
Strong past forms are either after the model of dingen, swyngen, and similar verbs or from a Old Norse *flinga.

To fly (move speedily, especially through air).

To strike or land a blow (with a weapon).


swelteren

swelteren (infinitive)
to swelteren (infinitive)
sweltere (infinitive)
sweltere (first-person present singular)
sweltered (first-person past singular)
swelterest (present second-person singular)
swelteredest (past second-person singular)
sweltereth (present singular third-person)
sweltered (past singular third-person)
sweltere (present singular subjunctive)
sweltered (past singular subjunctive)
sweltere (imperative present singular)
swelteren (plural present)
sweltere (plural present)
sweltereden (past plural)
swelterede (past plural)
sweltereth (imperative plural present)
sweltere (imperative plural present)
swelterynge (participle present)
swelterende (participle present)
sweltered (participle past)
ysweltered (participle past)
sqwalteryn (alternative)
swalteryn (alternative)
sweltren (alternative)

English: swelter

Scots: swelter


sqwalteryn

(East Anglia) alternative form of swelteren


swengen

swengen (third-person singular simple present swengeth, present participle swengende, swengynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle swenged)

swengeth (present singular third-person)
swengende (participle present)
swengynge (participle present)
swenged (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
swengen (infinitive)
to swengen (infinitive)
swenge (infinitive)
swenge (first-person present singular)
sweynde (first-person past singular)
swenged (first-person past singular)
swengest (present second-person singular)
sweyndest (past second-person singular)
swengedest (past second-person singular)
swengeth (present singular third-person)
sweynde (past singular third-person)
swenged (past singular third-person)
swenge (present singular subjunctive)
sweynde (past singular subjunctive)
swenged (past singular subjunctive)
swenge (imperative present singular)
swengen (plural present)
swenge (plural present)
sweynden (past plural)
sweynde (past plural)
swengeden (past plural)
swengede (past plural)
swengeth (imperative plural present)
swenge (imperative plural present)
swengynge (participle present)
swengende (participle present)
sweynd (participle past)
swenged (participle past)
ysweynd (participle past)
yswenged (participle past)
swengyn (alternative)
suenge (alternative Northern)

English: swinge

Scots: swinge, sweenge, swunge

Yola: swinged (preterite)

From Old English swenġan, from Proto-West Germanic *swangijan (“to cause to swing”). Equivalent to sweng + -en (infinitival suffix). Compare swyngen.


adreden

adreden (infinitive)
to adreden (infinitive)
adrede (infinitive)
adrede (first-person present singular)
adredde (first-person past singular)
adradde (first-person past singular)
adredest (present second-person singular)
adreddest (past second-person singular)
adraddest (past second-person singular)
adredeth (present singular third-person)
adredde (past singular third-person)
adradde (past singular third-person)
adrede (present singular subjunctive)
adredde (past singular subjunctive)
adradde (past singular subjunctive)
adrede (imperative present singular)
adreden (plural present)
adrede (plural present)
adredden (past plural)
adredde (past plural)
adradden (past plural)
adradde (past plural)
adredeth (imperative plural present)
adrede (imperative plural present)
adredynge (participle present)
adredende (participle present)
adred (participle past)
adrad (participle past)
adrede (alternative)

English: adread

From Old English ādrǣdan, late variant of ondrǣdan, from Proto-West Germanic *andarādan; equivalent to a- + dreden. Compare reden.


dreden

dreden (infinitive)
to dreden (infinitive)
drede (infinitive)
drede (first-person present singular)
dredde (first-person past singular)
dradde (first-person past singular)
dreded (first-person past singular)
dredest (present second-person singular)
dreddest (past second-person singular)
draddest (past second-person singular)
drededest (past second-person singular)
dredeth (present singular third-person)
dredde (past singular third-person)
dradde (past singular third-person)
dreded (past singular third-person)
drede (present singular subjunctive)
dredde (past singular subjunctive)
dradde (past singular subjunctive)
dreded (past singular subjunctive)
drede (imperative present singular)
dreden (plural present)
drede (plural present)
dredden (past plural)
dredde (past plural)
dradden (past plural)
dradde (past plural)
drededen (past plural)
dredede (past plural)
dredeth (imperative plural present)
drede (imperative plural present)
dredynge (participle present)
dredende (participle present)
dred (participle past)
drad (participle past)
dreded (participle past)
ydred (participle past)
ydrad (participle past)
ydreded (participle past)
drade (alternative)
dred (alternative)
drede (alternative)
drædenn (alternative Early-Middle-English)

English: dread

Geordie English: dreed

Scots: dreid, dreed

From Old English drǣdan, late aphetic variant of ondrǣdan, from Proto-West Germanic *andarādan. Compare adreden and reden.

⁊ whanne I hadde ſeyn hym .· I felde doun at his feet as deed / ⁊ he puttide his riȝthond on me .· ⁊ ſeide / nyle þou dꝛede I am þe firſte ⁊ þe laſte[…]

c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Apocalips 1:17, page 117v, column 2; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:

And when I saw him, I fell down at his feet like I was dead. But he placed his right hand on me and said, "Don't be afraid; I am the first and the last […]

To fear or dread:
To be fearful or afraid.

To fear or dread:
To regard with awe or reverence.

his fadir ⁊ modir ſeiden þese þingis .· foꝛ þei dꝛedden þe iewis / foꝛ þanne þe iewis hadden conſpirid · þat if ony man knoulechide hym criſt .· he ſchulde be doon out of þe ſynagoge

c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Joon 9:22, page 50r, column 2; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:

His parents said those things because they were scared of the Jews, as the Jews had already agreed that if anyone acknowledged (Jesus) as Messiah, they would be expelled from the synagogue.


ofdreden

ofdreden (infinitive)
to ofdreden (infinitive)
ofdrede (infinitive)
ofdrede (first-person present singular)
ofdredde (first-person past singular)
ofdradde (first-person past singular)
ofdredest (present second-person singular)
ofdreddest (past second-person singular)
ofdraddest (past second-person singular)
ofdredeth (present singular third-person)
ofdredde (past singular third-person)
ofdradde (past singular third-person)
ofdrede (present singular subjunctive)
ofdredde (past singular subjunctive)
ofdradde (past singular subjunctive)
ofdrede (imperative present singular)
ofdreden (plural present)
ofdrede (plural present)
ofdredden (past plural)
ofdredde (past plural)
ofdradden (past plural)
ofdradde (past plural)
ofdredeth (imperative plural present)
ofdrede (imperative plural present)
ofdredynge (participle present)
ofdredende (participle present)
ofdred (participle past)
ofdrad (participle past)
ofdrede (alternative)

From Old English ofdrǣdan, modification of earlier ondrǣdan, from Proto-West Germanic *andarādan; equivalent to of- + dreden. Compare dreden and reden.

(chiefly Early Middle English) To fear; to be fearful.


chaufen

chaufen (infinitive)
to chaufen (infinitive)
chaufe (infinitive)
chaufe (first-person present singular)
chaufed (first-person past singular)
chaufest (present second-person singular)
chaufedest (past second-person singular)
chaufeth (present singular third-person)
chaufed (past singular third-person)
chaufe (present singular subjunctive)
chaufed (past singular subjunctive)
chaufe (imperative present singular)
chaufen (plural present)
chaufe (plural present)
chaufeden (past plural)
chaufede (past plural)
chaufeth (imperative plural present)
chaufe (imperative plural present)
chaufynge (participle present)
chaufende (participle present)
chaufed (participle past)
ychaufed (participle past)
chafe (alternative)
chafen (alternative)
chaufe (alternative)
chauffe (alternative)
chawfe (alternative)
chawffe (alternative)

English: chafe

Scots: chaff

Borrowed from Old French chaufer, from Latin calefacere, calfacere.

To warm or heat:
To become hot or inflamed.

To warm or heat:
To chafe (rub to make warm)


strouten

strouten (infinitive)
to strouten (infinitive)
stroute (infinitive)
stroute (first-person present singular)
strouted (first-person past singular)
stroutest (present second-person singular)
stroutedest (past second-person singular)
strouteth (present singular third-person)
strouted (past singular third-person)
stroute (present singular subjunctive)
strouted (past singular subjunctive)
stroute (imperative present singular)
strouten (plural present)
stroute (plural present)
strouteden (past plural)
stroutede (past plural)
strouteth (imperative plural present)
stroute (imperative plural present)
stroutynge (participle present)
stroutende (participle present)
strouted (participle past)
strote (alternative)
stroute (alternative)
strowte (alternative)
strowtyn (alternative)
strut (alternative)
strutt (alternative)
strutten (alternative)

English: strut

Scots: strute

From Old English strūtian, from Proto-West Germanic *strūtōn, from Proto-Germanic *strūtōną.

To dispute or strive; to be in conflict with.


misbeden

⇒ English: misbid

From Old English misbēodan (“to ill-use, injure, do wrong to, announce wrongly”), equivalent to mis- + bid (“to offer, declare”).


melten

enm-verb

melten (third-person singular simple present melteth, present participle meltynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative malt, past participle molten)

melteth (present singular third-person)
meltynge (participle present)
malt (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
molten (participle past)
melten (infinitive)
to melten (infinitive)
melte (infinitive)
melte (first-person present singular)
malt (first-person past singular)
melted (first-person past singular)
meltest (present second-person singular)
molte (past second-person singular)
melte (past second-person singular)
malt (past second-person singular)
meltedest (past second-person singular)
melteth (present singular third-person)
malt (past singular third-person)
melted (past singular third-person)
melte (present singular subjunctive)
molte (past singular subjunctive)
melte (past singular subjunctive)
melted (past singular subjunctive)
melte (imperative present singular)
melten (plural present)
melte (plural present)
molten (past plural)
molte (past plural)
melten (past plural)
melte (past plural)
melteden (past plural)
meltede (past plural)
melteth (imperative plural present)
melte (imperative plural present)
meltynge (participle present)
meltende (participle present)
molten (participle past)
molte (participle past)
melten (participle past)
melte (participle past)
melted (participle past)
malte (alternative)
melt (alternative)
melte (alternative)
meltyn (alternative)
mealten (alternative Early-Middle-English)
melltenn (alternative Early-Middle-English)

English: melt

Scots: melt

Yola: multh

From Old English meltan (strong class 3), from Proto-West Germanic *meltan, from Proto-Germanic *meltaną; reinforced by Old English mieltan, myltan (weak class 1).

To melt (change from solid to liquid):
To blend or fuse (of metal or glass).

(by extension) To dissolve, disperse, or vanish.

To melt (change from solid to liquid):
To dissolve, disperse, or vanish.

To mollify; to repent or become caring:
To cause to repent or become caring.

To mollify; to repent or become caring:
To weaken; to be sapped of strength.

To decay; to become wasted or decomposed.


mealten

(Early Middle English) alternative form of melten


remorden

remorden (third-person singular simple present remordeth, present participle remordende, remordynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle remorded)

remordeth (present singular third-person)
remordende (participle present)
remordynge (participle present)
remorded (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
remorden (infinitive)
to remorden (infinitive)
remorde (infinitive)
remorde (first-person present singular)
remorded (first-person past singular)
remorde (first-person past singular)
remordest (present second-person singular)
remordedest (past second-person singular)
remordest (past second-person singular)
remordeth (present singular third-person)
remorded (past singular third-person)
remorde (past singular third-person)
remorde (present singular subjunctive)
remorded (past singular subjunctive)
remorde (past singular subjunctive)
remorde (imperative present singular)
remorden (plural present)
remorde (plural present)
remordeden (past plural)
remordede (past plural)
remorden (past plural)
remorde (past plural)
remordeth (imperative plural present)
remorde (imperative plural present)
remordynge (participle present)
remordende (participle present)
remorded (participle past)
remord (participle past)
remord (alternative)
remorde (alternative)

English: remord (obsolete)

From Anglo-Norman, Middle French remordre, and their etymon Latin remordeō; compare remors.


wasshen

wasshen (infinitive)
to wasshen (infinitive)
wasshe (infinitive)
wasshe (first-person present singular)
wessh (first-person past singular)
wossh (first-person past singular)
wasshest (present second-person singular)
wesshe (past second-person singular)
wosshe (past second-person singular)
wessh (past second-person singular)
wossh (past second-person singular)
wassheth (present singular third-person)
wessh (past singular third-person)
wossh (past singular third-person)
wasshe (present singular subjunctive)
wesshe (past singular subjunctive)
wosshe (past singular subjunctive)
wasshe (imperative present singular)
wasshen (plural present)
wasshe (plural present)
wesshen (past plural)
wesshe (past plural)
wosshen (past plural)
wosshe (past plural)
wassheth (imperative plural present)
wasshe (imperative plural present)
wasshynge (participle present)
wasshende (participle present)
wasshen (participle past)
wasshe (participle past)
ywasshe (participle past)
wasch (alternative)
wasche (alternative)
waschen (alternative)
waschsche (alternative)
washe (alternative)
washen (alternative)
wasse (alternative)
wasschen (alternative)
wasshe (alternative)
weschen (alternative)
waischen (alternative)
waissche (alternative)
waisshen (alternative)
wayschen (alternative)
whasche (alternative)
whaschen (alternative)

English: wash
→ Swazi: washa

Scots: wash, wesh

From Old English wascan, from Proto-West Germanic *waskan, from Proto-Germanic *waskaną.

To wash; to clean with liquid:
To immerse or soak in liquid.

To wash; to clean with liquid:
(medicine) To clean a wound.

To wash; to clean with liquid:
To clean a wound.

To wash; to clean with liquid:
To make a pool of liquid clean.

[⁊ of iheſu criſt] þat is a feiþful witneſſe .· þe firſte bigeten of deed men · ⁊ pꝛynce of kyngis of þe erþe / which louyde vs / ⁊ waiſchide vs fro oure ſynnes in his blood[…]

c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Apocalips 1:5, page 117v; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:

[of Jesus Christ,] / who is a reliable witness, the firstborn of the dead, and sovereign over the rulers of the Earth, who loved us and cleansed us from our sins with his blood […]

(religion) To cleanse (e.g. from sin or disease).


ꝙ

Borrowed from Latin ꝙ (quod), representing the same syllable.

Downe ſate Theſeus vpon hys kne
 The ryght lady of my lyfe (ꝙ he)

c. 1386–1388 (date written), Geffray Chaucer [i.e., Geoffrey Chaucer], “The Legende of Good Women: The Legende of Ariadne of Athenes”, in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London: […] Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], published 1542, →OCLC, folio ccxxvi, verso, column 1:

Theseus knelt down
 "True lady of my life," he said,

I haue ꝙ he, of ſommõs of the here a byl
 Up payne of curſyng loke that thou be
 To moꝛowe befoꝛe our Archdeacons kne

1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Freres Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC, folio xliiii, verso, column 1:

"I have," he said, "a bill of summons here:
 On pain of excommunication make sure that you appear
 Tomorrow morning at the archdeacon's knee

(siglum) scribal abbreviation of quod (“quoth, said”)


wasshynge

English: washing

Middle Scots: waschand

Scots: washin

From Old English *wasċende, equivalent to wasshen + -ing.

wassende (alternative)
wasshing (alternative)
wasschinge (alternative)
wesschinge (alternative)
wasschynge (alternative)
waschyng (alternative)
wasshyng (alternative)
wassheyng (alternative)
waisshynge (alternative)


marlen

marlen (infinitive)
to marlen (infinitive)
marle (infinitive)
marle (first-person present singular)
marled (first-person past singular)
marlest (present second-person singular)
marledest (past second-person singular)
marleth (present singular third-person)
marled (past singular third-person)
marle (present singular subjunctive)
marled (past singular subjunctive)
marle (imperative present singular)
marlen (plural present)
marle (plural present)
marleden (past plural)
marlede (past plural)
marleth (imperative plural present)
marle (imperative plural present)
marlynge (participle present)
marlende (participle present)
marled (participle past)
ymarled (participle past)
marly (alternative)

English: marl

From Old French marler; equivalent to marle + -en (infinitival ending).


demuren

demuren (infinitive)
to demuren (infinitive)
demure (infinitive)
demure (first-person present singular)
demured (first-person past singular)
demurest (present second-person singular)
demuredest (past second-person singular)
demureth (present singular third-person)
demured (past singular third-person)
demure (present singular subjunctive)
demured (past singular subjunctive)
demure (imperative present singular)
demuren (plural present)
demure (plural present)
demureden (past plural)
demurede (past plural)
demureth (imperative plural present)
demure (imperative plural present)
demurynge (participle present)
demurende (participle present)
demured (participle past)
demere (alternative)
demure (alternative)

English: demur

From Anglo-Norman demorer, from Vulgar Latin dēmoro, from Latin dēmoror; equivalent to demure (“delay”) + -en (infinitival ending).


maturynge

maturing (alternative)
maturinge (alternative)
maturyng (alternative)


maturen

maturen (infinitive)
to maturen (infinitive)
mature (infinitive)
mature (first-person present singular)
matured (first-person past singular)
maturest (present second-person singular)
maturedest (past second-person singular)
matureth (present singular third-person)
matured (past singular third-person)
mature (present singular subjunctive)
matured (past singular subjunctive)
mature (imperative present singular)
maturen (plural present)
mature (plural present)
matureden (past plural)
maturede (past plural)
matureth (imperative plural present)
mature (imperative plural present)
maturynge (participle present)
maturende (participle present)
matured (participle past)
mature (alternative)

English: mature

From Middle French maturen or its etymon Latin mātūrō.


macchen

macchen (infinitive)
to macchen (infinitive)
macche (infinitive)
macche (first-person present singular)
macched (first-person past singular)
macchest (present second-person singular)
macchedest (past second-person singular)
maccheth (present singular third-person)
macched (past singular third-person)
macche (present singular subjunctive)
macched (past singular subjunctive)
macche (imperative present singular)
macchen (plural present)
macche (plural present)
maccheden (past plural)
macchede (past plural)
maccheth (imperative plural present)
macche (imperative plural present)
macchynge (participle present)
macchende (participle present)
macched (participle past)
ymacched (participle past)
macche (alternative)
mach (alternative)
machen (alternative)
mech (alternative)

English: match


aqueynten

aqueynten (infinitive)
to aqueynten (infinitive)
aqueynte (infinitive)
aqueynte (first-person present singular)
aqueynted (first-person past singular)
aqueynte (first-person past singular)
aqueyntest (present second-person singular)
aqueyntedest (past second-person singular)
aqueyntest (past second-person singular)
aqueynteth (present singular third-person)
aqueynted (past singular third-person)
aqueynte (past singular third-person)
aqueynte (present singular subjunctive)
aqueynted (past singular subjunctive)
aqueynte (past singular subjunctive)
aqueynte (imperative present singular)
aqueynten (plural present)
aqueynte (plural present)
aqueynteden (past plural)
aqueyntede (past plural)
aqueynten (past plural)
aqueynte (past plural)
aqueynteth (imperative plural present)
aqueynte (imperative plural present)
aqueyntynge (participle present)
aqueyntende (participle present)
aqueynted (participle past)
aqueynt (participle past)

English: acquaint

desc

Scots: acquant, acquent, acquaint, awquant, acquaant (Shetland)

From Old French acointier, from Early Medieval Latin accognitāre; compare queynte.


advertisen

advertisen (infinitive)
to advertisen (infinitive)
advertise (infinitive)
advertise (first-person present singular)
advertised (first-person past singular)
advertisest (present second-person singular)
advertisedest (past second-person singular)
advertiseth (present singular third-person)
advertised (past singular third-person)
advertise (present singular subjunctive)
advertised (past singular subjunctive)
advertise (imperative present singular)
advertisen (plural present)
advertise (plural present)
advertiseden (past plural)
advertisede (past plural)
advertiseth (imperative plural present)
advertise (imperative plural present)
advertisynge (participle present)
advertisende (participle present)
advertised (participle past)
yadvertised (participle past)
avertisen (alternative)

English: advertise

Scots: adverteese, adverteeze, advertish

From Anglo-Norman advertir (“to inform”), avertir.


stranglen

enm-verb

stranglen (third-person singular simple present strangleth, present participle stranglende, stranglynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle strangled)

strangleth (present singular third-person)
stranglende (participle present)
stranglynge (participle present)
strangled (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
stranglen (infinitive)
to stranglen (infinitive)
strangle (infinitive)
strangle (first-person present singular)
strangled (first-person past singular)
stranglest (present second-person singular)
strangledest (past second-person singular)
strangleth (present singular third-person)
strangled (past singular third-person)
strangle (present singular subjunctive)
strangled (past singular subjunctive)
strangle (imperative present singular)
stranglen (plural present)
strangle (plural present)
strangleden (past plural)
stranglede (past plural)
strangleth (imperative plural present)
strangle (imperative plural present)
stranglynge (participle present)
stranglende (participle present)
strangled (participle past)
ystrangled (participle past)
estranglen (alternative)
strangelyn (alternative)
strangle (alternative)
strangli (alternative)
strangulen (alternative)
strongle (alternative)

English: strangle (estrangle)

From Old French estrangler, from Latin strangulō, strangulāre; compare astranglen.

To strangle or choke (usually at the throat):

(by extension) To suppress, destroy, or quench.


astranglen

astranglen (infinitive)
to astranglen (infinitive)
astrangle (infinitive)
astrangle (first-person present singular)
astrangled (first-person past singular)
astranglest (present second-person singular)
astrangledest (past second-person singular)
astrangleth (present singular third-person)
astrangled (past singular third-person)
astrangle (present singular subjunctive)
astrangled (past singular subjunctive)
astrangle (imperative present singular)
astranglen (plural present)
astrangle (plural present)
astrangleden (past plural)
astranglede (past plural)
astrangleth (imperative plural present)
astrangle (imperative plural present)
astranglynge (participle present)
astranglende (participle present)
astrangled (participle past)
a-strangli (alternative)
astrangli (alternative)

A remodelling of Old French estrangler (from Latin strangulō, strangulāre) as a- + stranglen.


acheken

acheken (infinitive)
to acheken (infinitive)
acheke (infinitive)
acheke (first-person present singular)
acheked (first-person past singular)
achekest (present second-person singular)
achekedest (past second-person singular)
acheketh (present singular third-person)
acheked (past singular third-person)
acheke (present singular subjunctive)
acheked (past singular subjunctive)
acheke (imperative present singular)
acheken (plural present)
acheke (plural present)
achekeden (past plural)
achekede (past plural)
acheketh (imperative plural present)
acheke (imperative plural present)
achekynge (participle present)
achekende (participle present)
acheked (participle past)
achoken (alternative)

desctree

⇒ Middle English: choken, cheke, chekyn
English: choke
Scots: choke

/aˈt͡ʃɛːkən/

/aˈt͡ʃɔːkən/

From Old English āċēocian; equivalent to a- + cheke + -en (infinitival suffix).


swymmen

enm-verb

swymmen (third-person singular simple present swymmen, present participle swymmynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative swam, past participle swummen)

swymmen (present singular third-person)
swymmynge (participle present)
swam (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
swummen (participle past)
swymmen (infinitive)
to swymmen (infinitive)
swymme (infinitive)
swymme (first-person present singular)
swam (first-person past singular)
swymmed (first-person past singular)
swymmest (present second-person singular)
swumme (past second-person singular)
swam (past second-person singular)
swymmedest (past second-person singular)
swymmeth (present singular third-person)
swam (past singular third-person)
swymmed (past singular third-person)
swymme (present singular subjunctive)
swumme (past singular subjunctive)
swymmed (past singular subjunctive)
swymme (imperative present singular)
swymmen (plural present)
swymme (plural present)
swummen (past plural)
swumme (past plural)
swymmeden (past plural)
swymmede (past plural)
swymmeth (imperative plural present)
swymme (imperative plural present)
swymmynge (participle present)
swymmende (participle present)
swummen (participle past)
swumme (participle past)
swymmed (participle past)
suymmyne (alternative)
sweme (alternative)
swemmen (alternative)
swimmen (alternative)
swyme (alternative)
swymme (alternative)
squim (alternative Northern)

English: swim

Scots: sweem, soom

From Old English swimman, from Proto-West Germanic *swimman, from Proto-Germanic *swimmaną.
Forms in -e- and weak forms are possibly due to the conflation of this verb with an Old English *swemman.

To be on a moving object floating on water.


icumen

alternative form of comen (past participle)


surmounten

surmounten (infinitive)
to surmounten (infinitive)
surmounte (infinitive)
surmounte (first-person present singular)
surmounted (first-person past singular)
surmountest (present second-person singular)
surmountedest (past second-person singular)
surmounteth (present singular third-person)
surmounted (past singular third-person)
surmounte (present singular subjunctive)
surmounted (past singular subjunctive)
surmounte (imperative present singular)
surmounten (plural present)
surmounte (plural present)
surmounteden (past plural)
surmountede (past plural)
surmounteth (imperative plural present)
surmounte (imperative plural present)
surmountynge (participle present)
surmountende (participle present)
surmounted (participle past)
sourmonte (alternative)
sourmounten (alternative)
surmonte (alternative)
surmount (alternative)
surmounte (alternative)

English: surmount

From Old French surmonter; equivalent to sur- + mounten.

To surpass; to be superior (than something).

To be or go above; to be higher than:
To go beyond; to transcend.

(rare) To exceed; to be more numerous than.


manacen

manacen (infinitive)
to manacen (infinitive)
manace (infinitive)
manace (first-person present singular)
manaced (first-person past singular)
manacest (present second-person singular)
manacedest (past second-person singular)
manaceth (present singular third-person)
manaced (past singular third-person)
manace (present singular subjunctive)
manaced (past singular subjunctive)
manace (imperative present singular)
manacen (plural present)
manace (plural present)
manaceden (past plural)
manacede (past plural)
manaceth (imperative plural present)
manace (imperative plural present)
manacynge (participle present)
manacende (participle present)
manaced (participle past)
ymanaced (participle past)
manace (alternative)
manasen (alternative)
manassen (alternative)
menace (alternative)

English: menace

Borrowed from Old French menacier, from Vulgar Latin *mināciō, mināciāre; equivalent to manace + -en (infinitival suffix).

To make threats against (someone); to intimidate or threaten.

To endanger or imperil (someone or something).

(rare) To compel someone (into doing something).


couren

couren (infinitive)
to couren (infinitive)
coure (infinitive)
coure (first-person present singular)
coured (first-person past singular)
courest (present second-person singular)
couredest (past second-person singular)
coureth (present singular third-person)
coured (past singular third-person)
coure (present singular subjunctive)
coured (past singular subjunctive)
coure (imperative present singular)
couren (plural present)
coure (plural present)
coureden (past plural)
courede (past plural)
coureth (imperative plural present)
coure (imperative plural present)
courynge (participle present)
courende (participle present)
coured (participle past)
cowre (alternative)
curyn (alternative)
koure (alternative)

English: cower

Scots: cour, coor

Borrowed from either Middle Low German kûren (“to lie in wait; linger”) or a similar North Germanic word (e.g. Icelandic kúra (“to doze”)); according to Pokorny, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gew- (“to curve, bend”), see also Proto-Germanic *kuddô (“shell, pod”).

der

To crouch, especially in fear; to cower.


wlispen

wlispen (infinitive)
to wlispen (infinitive)
wlispe (infinitive)
wlispe (first-person present singular)
wlisped (first-person past singular)
wlispest (present second-person singular)
wlispedest (past second-person singular)
wlispeth (present singular third-person)
wlisped (past singular third-person)
wlispe (present singular subjunctive)
wlisped (past singular subjunctive)
wlispe (imperative present singular)
wlispen (plural present)
wlispe (plural present)
wlispeden (past plural)
wlispede (past plural)
wlispeth (imperative plural present)
wlispe (imperative plural present)
wlispynge (participle present)
wlispende (participle present)
wlisped (participle past)
lipse (alternative)
lypse (alternative)
lyspyn (alternative)
whlispen (alternative)
wlepsen (alternative)
wlispin (alternative)

English: lisp

q

obsolete <i class="Latn mention" lang="sco">wlisp</i>

Scots: lisp (obsolete wlisp)


aforthen

aforthen (infinitive)
to aforthen (infinitive)
aforthe (infinitive)
aforthe (first-person present singular)
aforthed (first-person past singular)
aforthest (present second-person singular)
aforthedest (past second-person singular)
afortheth (present singular third-person)
aforthed (past singular third-person)
aforthe (present singular subjunctive)
aforthed (past singular subjunctive)
aforthe (imperative present singular)
aforthen (plural present)
aforthe (plural present)
afortheden (past plural)
aforthede (past plural)
afortheth (imperative plural present)
aforthe (imperative plural present)
aforthynge (participle present)
aforthende (participle present)
aforthed (participle past)
avorthi (alternative)

English: afford

desc

Scots: affuird, affoord, affeurd (Orkney)

A remodelling as a- + forthen of earlier iforthen, itself from ġeforþian (“to further, accomplish, afford”), an extension of forþian, from Proto-West Germanic *forþōn,
from Proto-Germanic *furþōną.


solven

solven (infinitive)
to solven (infinitive)
solve (infinitive)
solve (first-person present singular)
solved (first-person past singular)
solvest (present second-person singular)
solvedest (past second-person singular)
solveth (present singular third-person)
solved (past singular third-person)
solve (present singular subjunctive)
solved (past singular subjunctive)
solve (imperative present singular)
solven (plural present)
solve (plural present)
solveden (past plural)
solvede (past plural)
solveth (imperative plural present)
solve (imperative plural present)
solvynge (participle present)
solvende (participle present)
solved (participle past)
ysolved (participle past)
solve (alternative)
solvyn (alternative)

English: solve

(chiefly medicine) To break up; to drive out.

(rare) To dissolve; to cause dissolution.


dissolven

dissolven (infinitive)
to dissolven (infinitive)
dissolve (infinitive)
dissolve (first-person present singular)
dissolved (first-person past singular)
dissolvest (present second-person singular)
dissolvedest (past second-person singular)
dissolveth (present singular third-person)
dissolved (past singular third-person)
dissolve (present singular subjunctive)
dissolved (past singular subjunctive)
dissolve (imperative present singular)
dissolven (plural present)
dissolve (plural present)
dissolveden (past plural)
dissolvede (past plural)
dissolveth (imperative plural present)
dissolve (imperative plural present)
dissolvynge (participle present)
dissolvende (participle present)
dissolved (participle past)
desolven (alternative)
dissolve (alternative)
dyssolve (alternative)

English: dissolve

Borrowed from Latin dissolvō, dissolvere; equivalent to dis- + solven. Compare dissolucioun.

To unbind (usually the soul from the body)

(rare) To renounce a relationship; to violate a compact.


resolven

enm-verb

resolven (third-person singular simple present resolveth, present participle resolvende, resolvynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle resolved)

resolveth (present singular third-person)
resolvende (participle present)
resolvynge (participle present)
resolved (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
resolven (infinitive)
to resolven (infinitive)
resolve (infinitive)
resolve (first-person present singular)
resolved (first-person past singular)
resolvest (present second-person singular)
resolvedest (past second-person singular)
resolveth (present singular third-person)
resolved (past singular third-person)
resolve (present singular subjunctive)
resolved (past singular subjunctive)
resolve (imperative present singular)
resolven (plural present)
resolve (plural present)
resolveden (past plural)
resolvede (past plural)
resolveth (imperative plural present)
resolve (imperative plural present)
resolvynge (participle present)
resolvende (participle present)
resolved (participle past)
resolve (alternative)

English: resolve

Borrowed from Latin resolvō, resolvere; equivalent to re- + solven. Compare resolucioun.

To transmute; to change state:
To cause to disintegrate or decompose.

To transmute; to change state:
To cause to melt or evanesce.

To transmute; to change state:
To dissolve or intermix.

(writing, mathematics) To put into an intelligible form.


afrounten

afrounten (infinitive)
to afrounten (infinitive)
afrounte (infinitive)
afrounte (first-person present singular)
afrounted (first-person past singular)
afrountest (present second-person singular)
afrountedest (past second-person singular)
afrounteth (present singular third-person)
afrounted (past singular third-person)
afrounte (present singular subjunctive)
afrounted (past singular subjunctive)
afrounte (imperative present singular)
afrounten (plural present)
afrounte (plural present)
afrounteden (past plural)
afrountede (past plural)
afrounteth (imperative plural present)
afrounte (imperative plural present)
afrountynge (participle present)
afrountende (participle present)
afrounted (participle past)
afronten (alternative)
afrounti (alternative)

English: affront

Scots: affront

From Old French afronter (“to defy”), from Vulgar Latin *affrontāre (“to hit in the face”).


envye

alternative form of envien (“to compete”)


recreyen

recreyen (infinitive)
to recreyen (infinitive)
recreye (infinitive)
recreye (first-person present singular)
recreyed (first-person past singular)
recreyest (present second-person singular)
recreyedest (past second-person singular)
recreyeth (present singular third-person)
recreyed (past singular third-person)
recreye (present singular subjunctive)
recreyed (past singular subjunctive)
recreye (imperative present singular)
recreyen (plural present)
recreye (plural present)
recreyeden (past plural)
recreyede (past plural)
recreyeth (imperative plural present)
recreye (imperative plural present)
recreyynge (participle present)
recreyende (participle present)
recreyed (participle past)
recraien (alternative)
recrayen (alternative)

Borrowed from Old French recroire, recreire, from re- + creire.


creauncen

creauncen (infinitive)
to creauncen (infinitive)
creaunce (infinitive)
creaunce (first-person present singular)
creaunced (first-person past singular)
creauncest (present second-person singular)
creauncedest (past second-person singular)
creaunceth (present singular third-person)
creaunced (past singular third-person)
creaunce (present singular subjunctive)
creaunced (past singular subjunctive)
creaunce (imperative present singular)
creauncen (plural present)
creaunce (plural present)
creaunceden (past plural)
creauncede (past plural)
creaunceth (imperative plural present)
creaunce (imperative plural present)
creauncynge (participle present)
creauncende (participle present)
creaunced (participle past)
ycreaunced (participle past)
creaunce (alternative)

Borrowed from Old French creancier; equivalent to creaunce + -en (infinitival suffix).


splayen

enm-verb

splayen (third-person singular simple present splayeth, present participle splayende, splayynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle splayed)

splayeth (present singular third-person)
splayende (participle present)
splayynge (participle present)
splayed (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
splayen (infinitive)
to splayen (infinitive)
splaye (infinitive)
splaye (first-person present singular)
splayed (first-person past singular)
splayest (present second-person singular)
splayedest (past second-person singular)
splayeth (present singular third-person)
splayed (past singular third-person)
splaye (present singular subjunctive)
splayed (past singular subjunctive)
splaye (imperative present singular)
splayen (plural present)
splaye (plural present)
splayeden (past plural)
splayede (past plural)
splayeth (imperative plural present)
splaye (imperative plural present)
splayynge (participle present)
splayende (participle present)
splayed (participle past)
splaie (alternative)
splaien (alternative)
splay (alternative)

English: splay

Scots: splay

(rare) To spread as to display or make visible.


displayen

displayen (infinitive)
to displayen (infinitive)
displaye (infinitive)
displaye (first-person present singular)
displayed (first-person past singular)
displayest (present second-person singular)
displayedest (past second-person singular)
displayeth (present singular third-person)
displayed (past singular third-person)
displaye (present singular subjunctive)
displayed (past singular subjunctive)
displaye (imperative present singular)
displayen (plural present)
displaye (plural present)
displayeden (past plural)
displayede (past plural)
displayeth (imperative plural present)
displaye (imperative plural present)
displayynge (participle present)
displayende (participle present)
displayed (participle past)
displaien (alternative)
displey (alternative)
dysplay (alternative)
dysplayyn (alternative)

English: display

Scots: display

Yola: displayte (ppl.)

From Anglo-Norman and continental Old French despleier, from Medieval Latin displicō, displicāre; compare plien and splayen.

To display or demonstrate; to make clear.


glacen

glacen (infinitive)
to glacen (infinitive)
glace (infinitive)
glace (first-person present singular)
glaced (first-person past singular)
glacest (present second-person singular)
glacedest (past second-person singular)
glaceth (present singular third-person)
glaced (past singular third-person)
glace (present singular subjunctive)
glaced (past singular subjunctive)
glace (imperative present singular)
glacen (plural present)
glace (plural present)
glaceden (past plural)
glacede (past plural)
glaceth (imperative plural present)
glace (imperative plural present)
glacynge (participle present)
glacende (participle present)
glaced (participle past)
yglaced (participle past)
glasen (alternative)
glaucen (alternative)

Yola: galshied (preterite)

to strike with a glancing blow; to penetrate (of weapon)

(figurative) to fail to hit the mark (of lies)


acresen

acresen (infinitive)
to acresen (infinitive)
acrese (infinitive)
acrese (first-person present singular)
acresed (first-person past singular)
acresest (present second-person singular)
acresedest (past second-person singular)
acreseth (present singular third-person)
acresed (past singular third-person)
acrese (present singular subjunctive)
acresed (past singular subjunctive)
acrese (imperative present singular)
acresen (plural present)
acrese (plural present)
acreseden (past plural)
acresede (past plural)
acreseth (imperative plural present)
acrese (imperative plural present)
acresynge (participle present)
acresende (participle present)
acresed (participle past)
accreesen (alternative)

English: accrease (obsolete)

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman acreistre, acrestre, from Latin accrēscō, accrēscere; equivalent to a- + cresen.


encresen

encresen (infinitive)
to encresen (infinitive)
encrese (infinitive)
encrese (first-person present singular)
encresed (first-person past singular)
encresest (present second-person singular)
encresedest (past second-person singular)
encreseth (present singular third-person)
encresed (past singular third-person)
encrese (present singular subjunctive)
encresed (past singular subjunctive)
encrese (imperative present singular)
encresen (plural present)
encrese (plural present)
encreseden (past plural)
encresede (past plural)
encreseth (imperative plural present)
encrese (imperative plural present)
encresynge (participle present)
encresende (participle present)
encresed (participle past)
encrece (alternative)
encreese (alternative)
encreesse (alternative)
encres (alternative)
encrese (alternative)
encresin (alternative)
encresse (alternative)
encressen (alternative)
encressy (alternative)
increce (alternative)

q

obsolete <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">encrease</i>

English: increase (obsolete encrease)

Scots: increase

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman encreistre, encrestre, from Latin incrēscō, incrēscere; equivalent to en- + cresen.

To grow or increase in size, power, or magnitude.

To cause to grow or increase in size, power, or magnitude.

To multiply; to grow or cause to grow in number.


encresynge

encreessyng (alternative)
encresing (alternative)
encresinge (alternative)
encressinge (alternative)
encressynge (alternative)
encresyng (alternative)


discresen

discresen (infinitive)
to discresen (infinitive)
discrese (infinitive)
discrese (first-person present singular)
discresed (first-person past singular)
discresest (present second-person singular)
discresedest (past second-person singular)
discreseth (present singular third-person)
discresed (past singular third-person)
discrese (present singular subjunctive)
discresed (past singular subjunctive)
discrese (imperative present singular)
discresen (plural present)
discrese (plural present)
discreseden (past plural)
discresede (past plural)
discreseth (imperative plural present)
discrese (imperative plural present)
discresynge (participle present)
discresende (participle present)
discresed (participle past)
decrece (alternative)
decrese (alternative)
decresen (alternative)
decresse (alternative)
discrece (alternative)
discrecen (alternative)
discreese (alternative)
discres (alternative)
discrese (alternative)
discresse (alternative)
dyscres (alternative)

English: decrease

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman descreistre, descrestre, alteration of Latin dēcrēscō, dēcrēscere. Equivalent to dis- + cresen, but sometimes remodelled as if de- + cresen due to Latin influence.

To diminish or weaken; to decrease in magnitude.


comparisounen

comparisounen (infinitive)
to comparisounen (infinitive)
comparisoune (infinitive)
comparisoune (first-person present singular)
comparisouned (first-person past singular)
comparisounest (present second-person singular)
comparisounedest (past second-person singular)
comparisouneth (present singular third-person)
comparisouned (past singular third-person)
comparisoune (present singular subjunctive)
comparisouned (past singular subjunctive)
comparisoune (imperative present singular)
comparisounen (plural present)
comparisoune (plural present)
comparisouneden (past plural)
comparisounede (past plural)
comparisouneth (imperative plural present)
comparisoune (imperative plural present)
comparisounynge (participle present)
comparisounende (participle present)
comparisouned (participle past)
comparisone (alternative)
comparisoune (alternative)

Borrowed from Old French comparisoner, comparaisoner; equivalent to comparisoun + -en (infinitival suffix).

To give something identical or similar value to something else.

To compare; to examine the similarities and differences between two things.

(rare) To make something comparable or similar to another.


acrewen

acrewen (infinitive)
to acrewen (infinitive)
acrewe (infinitive)
acrewe (first-person present singular)
acrewed (first-person past singular)
acrewest (present second-person singular)
acrewedest (past second-person singular)
acreweth (present singular third-person)
acrewed (past singular third-person)
acrewe (present singular subjunctive)
acrewed (past singular subjunctive)
acrewe (imperative present singular)
acrewen (plural present)
acrewe (plural present)
acreweden (past plural)
acrewede (past plural)
acreweth (imperative plural present)
acrewe (imperative plural present)
acrewynge (participle present)
acrewende (participle present)
acrewed (participle past)
acruwen (alternative)

English: accrue

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman acreu, past participle of acreistre, acrestre; compare acresen.

(rare, Late Middle English) To come into one's possession; to accrue.


achaufen

achaufen (infinitive)
to achaufen (infinitive)
achaufe (infinitive)
achaufe (first-person present singular)
achaufed (first-person past singular)
achaufest (present second-person singular)
achaufedest (past second-person singular)
achaufeth (present singular third-person)
achaufed (past singular third-person)
achaufe (present singular subjunctive)
achaufed (past singular subjunctive)
achaufe (imperative present singular)
achaufen (plural present)
achaufe (plural present)
achaufeden (past plural)
achaufede (past plural)
achaufeth (imperative plural present)
achaufe (imperative plural present)
achaufynge (participle present)
achaufende (participle present)
achaufed (participle past)
achauf (alternative)
achaufe (alternative)

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman achaufer; equivalent to a- + chaufen.

(figurative) To inflame (an emotion or organ).


enchaufen

enchaufen (infinitive)
to enchaufen (infinitive)
enchaufe (infinitive)
enchaufe (first-person present singular)
enchaufed (first-person past singular)
enchaufest (present second-person singular)
enchaufedest (past second-person singular)
enchaufeth (present singular third-person)
enchaufed (past singular third-person)
enchaufe (present singular subjunctive)
enchaufed (past singular subjunctive)
enchaufe (imperative present singular)
enchaufen (plural present)
enchaufe (plural present)
enchaufeden (past plural)
enchaufede (past plural)
enchaufeth (imperative plural present)
enchaufe (imperative plural present)
enchaufynge (participle present)
enchaufende (participle present)
enchaufed (participle past)
enchafe (alternative)
enchaff (alternative)
enchaufe (alternative)
enchaufye (alternative)

English: enchafe

Modification of eschaufen as if en- + chaufen.

a good knyght, Sir Patryse, which was cosyn unto Sir Mador de la Porte, toke an appyll, for he was enchaffed with hete of wyne.

1470–1485 (date produced), Thomas Malory, “(please specify the chapter)”, in [Le Morte Darthur], book VII, [London: […] by William Caxton], published 31 July 1485, →OCLC; republished as H[einrich] Oskar Sommer, editor, Le Morte Darthur […], London: David Nutt, […], 1889, →OCLC:

Sir Patrice, a good knight who was the cousin of Sir Mador de la Porte, took an apple because he was enervated with drunken passion.


sputen

Whatt! þay sputen & speken of so spitous fylþe,

14th century / 1864, Early English alliterative Poems in the West-Midland Dialect of the fourteenth Century. Copied and edited from a unique Manuscript in the Library of the British Museum. With an Introduction, Notes, and glossarial Index, p. 63, l. 845, and p. 195


eschaufen

eschaufen (infinitive)
to eschaufen (infinitive)
eschaufe (infinitive)
eschaufe (first-person present singular)
eschaufed (first-person past singular)
eschaufest (present second-person singular)
eschaufedest (past second-person singular)
eschaufeth (present singular third-person)
eschaufed (past singular third-person)
eschaufe (present singular subjunctive)
eschaufed (past singular subjunctive)
eschaufe (imperative present singular)
eschaufen (plural present)
eschaufe (plural present)
eschaufeden (past plural)
eschaufede (past plural)
eschaufeth (imperative plural present)
eschaufe (imperative plural present)
eschaufynge (participle present)
eschaufende (participle present)
eschaufed (participle past)

Borrowed from Old French eschaufer, from Latin excalfaciō, excalfacere; compare chaufen.

(figurative) To inflame (an emotion or individual).

(figurative, rare) To become inflamed or impassioned.


overchaufen

overchaufen (infinitive)
to overchaufen (infinitive)
overchaufe (infinitive)
overchaufe (first-person present singular)
overchaufed (first-person past singular)
overchaufest (present second-person singular)
overchaufedest (past second-person singular)
overchaufeth (present singular third-person)
overchaufed (past singular third-person)
overchaufe (present singular subjunctive)
overchaufed (past singular subjunctive)
overchaufe (imperative present singular)
overchaufen (plural present)
overchaufe (plural present)
overchaufeden (past plural)
overchaufede (past plural)
overchaufeth (imperative plural present)
overchaufe (imperative plural present)
overchaufynge (participle present)
overchaufende (participle present)
overchaufed (participle past)
over chaufen (alternative)


escheten

escheten (infinitive)
to escheten (infinitive)
eschete (infinitive)
eschete (first-person present singular)
escheted (first-person past singular)
eschete (first-person past singular)
eschetest (present second-person singular)
eschetedest (past second-person singular)
eschetest (past second-person singular)
escheteth (present singular third-person)
escheted (past singular third-person)
eschete (past singular third-person)
eschete (present singular subjunctive)
escheted (past singular subjunctive)
eschete (past singular subjunctive)
eschete (imperative present singular)
escheten (plural present)
eschete (plural present)
escheteden (past plural)
eschetede (past plural)
escheten (past plural)
eschete (past plural)
escheteth (imperative plural present)
eschete (imperative plural present)
eschetynge (participle present)
eschetende (participle present)
escheted (participle past)
eschet (participle past)
eschet (alternative)

English: escheat

/ɛsˈt͡ʃɛːtən/

Borrowed from Old French escheoiter, from escheoit, past participle of escheoir (“to fall”); equivalent to eschete + -en (infinitival suffix). Compare acheten.

To take property from one's feudal subjects; to escheat.


acheten

acheten (infinitive)
to acheten (infinitive)
achete (infinitive)
achete (first-person present singular)
acheted (first-person past singular)
achetest (present second-person singular)
achetedest (past second-person singular)
acheteth (present singular third-person)
acheted (past singular third-person)
achete (present singular subjunctive)
acheted (past singular subjunctive)
achete (imperative present singular)
acheten (plural present)
achete (plural present)
acheteden (past plural)
achetede (past plural)
acheteth (imperative plural present)
achete (imperative plural present)
achetynge (participle present)
achetende (participle present)
acheted (participle past)
a-chetyn (alternative)
chetyn (alternative)

English: cheat

Scots: cheat, chate, chait

/aˈt͡ʃɛːtən/

Modification of escheten, possibly reflecting the loss of French preconsonantal /s/; equivalent to achete + -en (infinitival suffix).

(rare) To take property from one's feudal subjects; to escheat.


freoten

(Early Middle English) alternative form of freten (“to eat”)


forfreten

enm-verb

forfreten (third-person singular simple present forfreteth, present participle forfretynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative forfrat, past participle forfreten)

forfreteth (present singular third-person)
forfretynge (participle present)
forfrat (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
forfreten (participle past)
forfreten (infinitive)
to forfreten (infinitive)
forfrete (infinitive)
forfrete (first-person present singular)
forfrat (first-person past singular)
forfretest (present second-person singular)
forfrete (past second-person singular)
forfrat (past second-person singular)
forfreteth (present singular third-person)
forfrat (past singular third-person)
forfrete (present singular subjunctive)
forfrete (past singular subjunctive)
forfrete (imperative present singular)
forfreten (plural present)
forfrete (plural present)
forfreten (past plural)
forfrete (past plural)
forfreteth (imperative plural present)
forfrete (imperative plural present)
forfretynge (participle present)
forfretende (participle present)
forfreten (participle past)
forfrete (participle past)
vorfreten (alternative)

From for- + freten (“to eat (at)”); compare West Frisian forfrette (“to eat up, devour”), German verfressen (“greedy”).


biquethen

biquethen (infinitive)
to biquethen (infinitive)
biquethe (infinitive)
biquethe (first-person present singular)
biquath (first-person past singular)
biquethest (present second-person singular)
biquethe (past second-person singular)
biquath (past second-person singular)
biquetheth (present singular third-person)
biquath (past singular third-person)
biquethe (present singular subjunctive)
biquethe (past singular subjunctive)
biquethe (imperative present singular)
biquethen (plural present)
biquethe (plural present)
biquethen (past plural)
biquethe (past plural)
biquetheth (imperative plural present)
biquethe (imperative plural present)
biquethynge (participle present)
biquethende (participle present)
biquethen (participle past)
biquethe (participle past)
beqwethen (alternative)
be-qwethyn (alternative)
biquethe (alternative)
biqueþen (alternative)
byquethe (alternative)
bi-queðen (alternative Early-Middle-English)

English: bequeath

Inherited from Old English becweþan; equivalent to bi- + quethen.

To bequeath; to hand down to one's successors by will.

(by extension) To transmit or give to one's successors.

To set apart oneself for another or another's sake.

(rare) To set apart resources for another.

(rare) To say; to make an assertion or statement.


bi-queðen

(Early Middle English) alternative form of biquethen


devouren

devouren (infinitive)
to devouren (infinitive)
devoure (infinitive)
devoure (first-person present singular)
devoured (first-person past singular)
devourest (present second-person singular)
devouredest (past second-person singular)
devoureth (present singular third-person)
devoured (past singular third-person)
devoure (present singular subjunctive)
devoured (past singular subjunctive)
devoure (imperative present singular)
devouren (plural present)
devoure (plural present)
devoureden (past plural)
devourede (past plural)
devoureth (imperative plural present)
devoure (imperative plural present)
devourynge (participle present)
devourende (participle present)
devoured (participle past)
devoren (alternative)
devouir (alternative)
devoure (alternative)
devowre (alternative)
devowren (alternative)

English: devour

Scots: devour, devoor

Borrowed from Old French devorer, from Latin dēvorō, dēvorāre.

To devour or eat up; to ravenously feed on.

To overwhelm or engulf; to immerse as to destroy.

To devastate or destroy; to cause destruction.


gulchen

gulchen (infinitive)
to gulchen (infinitive)
gulche (infinitive)
gulche (first-person present singular)
gulched (first-person past singular)
gulchest (present second-person singular)
gulchedest (past second-person singular)
gulcheth (present singular third-person)
gulched (past singular third-person)
gulche (present singular subjunctive)
gulched (past singular subjunctive)
gulche (imperative present singular)
gulchen (plural present)
gulche (plural present)
gulcheden (past plural)
gulchede (past plural)
gulcheth (imperative plural present)
gulche (imperative plural present)
gulchynge (participle present)
gulchende (participle present)
gulched (participle past)
culchen (alternative)
glucchen (alternative)

English: gulch

Scots: gulch


mensken

enm-verb

mensken (third-person singular simple present mensketh, present participle menskynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle menskedaccel-form=1//3|s|past|ind)

mensketh (present singular third-person)
menskynge (participle present)
mensken (infinitive)
to mensken (infinitive)
menske (infinitive)
menske (first-person present singular)
mensked (first-person past singular)
menskest (present second-person singular)
menskedest (past second-person singular)
mensketh (present singular third-person)
mensked (past singular third-person)
menske (present singular subjunctive)
mensked (past singular subjunctive)
menske (imperative present singular)
mensken (plural present)
menske (plural present)
menskeden (past plural)
menskede (past plural)
mensketh (imperative plural present)
menske (imperative plural present)
menskynge (participle present)
menskende (participle present)
mensked (participle past)
mensk (alternative)
menske (alternative)
menskin (alternative Early-Middle-English)

English: mense (dialectal)

Scots: mense

From menske (“honour”) + -en (infinitival suffix).

af

To worship or supplicate; to give reverence to.


menskin

(Early Middle English) alternative form of mensken


aredden

aredden (infinitive)
to aredden (infinitive)
aredde (infinitive)
aredde (first-person present singular)
aredde (first-person past singular)
areddest (present second-person singular)
areddest (past second-person singular)
areddeth (present singular third-person)
aredde (past singular third-person)
aredde (present singular subjunctive)
aredde (past singular subjunctive)
aredde (imperative present singular)
aredden (plural present)
aredde (plural present)
aredden (past plural)
aredde (past plural)
areddeth (imperative plural present)
aredde (imperative plural present)
areddynge (participle present)
areddende (participle present)
ared (participle past)
a-reade (alternative)
aredde (alternative)
arudde (alternative)

Inherited from Old English āhreddan; equivalent to a- + redden.

Me lauerd þu ſeiſt hƿerto · ne mahte he wið leaſſe gref habben arud us:̃

c. 1225, “Seoueðe dale: luue”, in Ancrene Ƿiſſe (MS. Corpus Christi 402), Herefordshire, published c. 1235, folio 106, recto; republished at Cambridge: Parker Library on the Web, 2018 January 10:

"But master," you'll say, "why couldn't he have saved us with less trouble?"

(Early Middle English) To save or rescue; to remove from penury or captivity.


arudde

(West Midlands) alternative form of aredden


larden

enm-verb

larden (third-person singular simple present lardeth, present participle lardende, lardynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle larded)

lardeth (present singular third-person)
lardende (participle present)
lardynge (participle present)
larded (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
larden (infinitive)
to larden (infinitive)
larde (infinitive)
larde (first-person present singular)
larded (first-person past singular)
lardest (present second-person singular)
lardedest (past second-person singular)
lardeth (present singular third-person)
larded (past singular third-person)
larde (present singular subjunctive)
larded (past singular subjunctive)
larde (imperative present singular)
larden (plural present)
larde (plural present)
lardeden (past plural)
lardede (past plural)
lardeth (imperative plural present)
larde (imperative plural present)
lardynge (participle present)
lardende (participle present)
larded (participle past)

English: lard

Borrowed from Old French larder or Medieval Latin lardō; equivalent to lard + -en (infinitival suffix).


rixen

rixen (infinitive)
to rixen (infinitive)
rixe (infinitive)
rixe (first-person present singular)
rixed (first-person past singular)
rixest (present second-person singular)
rixedest (past second-person singular)
rixeth (present singular third-person)
rixed (past singular third-person)
rixe (present singular subjunctive)
rixed (past singular subjunctive)
rixe (imperative present singular)
rixen (plural present)
rixe (plural present)
rixeden (past plural)
rixede (past plural)
rixeth (imperative plural present)
rixe (imperative plural present)
rixynge (participle present)
rixende (participle present)
rixed (participle past)
yrixed (participle past)
rixan (alternative)
rixiæn (alternative)
rixigen (alternative)
rixin (alternative)

Inherited from Old English rīxian, rīcsian (“to reign, dominate, tyrannize, prevail”), from Proto-West Germanic *rīkisōn (“to rule”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃reǵ- (“chief, king”). Cognate with Middle High German richsen (“to reign”), Lithuanian rikis (“knight”).


ernen

enm-verb

ernen (third-person singular simple present erneth, present participle ernende, ernynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle erned)

erneth (present singular third-person)
ernende (participle present)
ernynge (participle present)
erned (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
ernen (infinitive)
to ernen (infinitive)
erne (infinitive)
erne (first-person present singular)
erned (first-person past singular)
ernest (present second-person singular)
ernedest (past second-person singular)
erneth (present singular third-person)
erned (past singular third-person)
erne (present singular subjunctive)
erned (past singular subjunctive)
erne (imperative present singular)
ernen (plural present)
erne (plural present)
erneden (past plural)
ernede (past plural)
erneth (imperative plural present)
erne (imperative plural present)
ernynge (participle present)
ernende (participle present)
erned (participle past)
arne (alternative)
erne (alternative)
earniæn (alternative Early-Middle-English)
earnin (alternative Early-Middle-English)
ernien (alternative Early-Middle-English)

English: earn

Scots: earn

Inherited from Old English earnian, from Proto-West Germanic *aʀanōn, from Proto-Germanic *azanōną.

To earn (to merit or achieve what one merits)


earniæn

(Early Middle English) alternative form of ernen


mantellen

mantellen (third-person singular simple present mantelleth, present participle mantellende, mantellynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle mantelled)

mantelleth (present singular third-person)
mantellende (participle present)
mantellynge (participle present)
mantelled (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
mantellen (infinitive)
to mantellen (infinitive)
mantelle (infinitive)
mantelle (first-person present singular)
mantelled (first-person past singular)
mantellest (present second-person singular)
mantelledest (past second-person singular)
mantelleth (present singular third-person)
mantelled (past singular third-person)
mantelle (present singular subjunctive)
mantelled (past singular subjunctive)
mantelle (imperative present singular)
mantellen (plural present)
mantelle (plural present)
mantelleden (past plural)
mantellede (past plural)
mantelleth (imperative plural present)
mantelle (imperative plural present)
mantellynge (participle present)
mantellende (participle present)
mantelled (participle past)
mantelle (alternative)

English: mantle

Probably a Middle English formation from mantel + -en (infinitival suffix); compare Old French manteler.

(figurative) To conceal or hide (damning truths).


thrallen

thrallen (third-person singular simple present thralleth, present participle thrallende, thrallynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle thralled)

thralleth (present singular third-person)
thrallende (participle present)
thrallynge (participle present)
thralled (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
thrallen (infinitive)
to thrallen (infinitive)
thralle (infinitive)
thralle (first-person present singular)
thralled (first-person past singular)
thrallest (present second-person singular)
thralledest (past second-person singular)
thralleth (present singular third-person)
thralled (past singular third-person)
thralle (present singular subjunctive)
thralled (past singular subjunctive)
thralle (imperative present singular)
thrallen (plural present)
thralle (plural present)
thralleden (past plural)
thrallede (past plural)
thralleth (imperative plural present)
thralle (imperative plural present)
thrallynge (participle present)
thrallende (participle present)
thralled (participle past)
thral (alternative)
thrall (alternative)
thralle (alternative)

English: thrall

Scots: thirl

From thral + -en (infinitival suffix); compare Old Norse þræla.

To enslave; to bring into subjection or bondage.

To submit or subject oneself to thraldom or servitude.


enthrallen

enthrallen (third-person singular simple present enthralleth, present participle enthrallende, enthrallynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle enthralled)

enthralleth (present singular third-person)
enthrallende (participle present)
enthrallynge (participle present)
enthralled (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
enthrallen (infinitive)
to enthrallen (infinitive)
enthralle (infinitive)
enthralle (first-person present singular)
enthralled (first-person past singular)
enthrallest (present second-person singular)
enthralledest (past second-person singular)
enthralleth (present singular third-person)
enthralled (past singular third-person)
enthralle (present singular subjunctive)
enthralled (past singular subjunctive)
enthralle (imperative present singular)
enthrallen (plural present)
enthralle (plural present)
enthralleden (past plural)
enthrallede (past plural)
enthralleth (imperative plural present)
enthralle (imperative plural present)
enthrallynge (participle present)
enthrallende (participle present)
enthralled (participle past)

English: enthrall

(hapax legomenon, Late Middle English) To bring into subjection.


garnysshen

garnysshen (infinitive)
to garnysshen (infinitive)
garnysshe (infinitive)
garnysshed (first-person past singular)
garnysshedest (past second-person singular)
garnysshed (past singular third-person)
garnysshed (past singular subjunctive)
garnyssheden (past plural)
garnysshede (past plural)
garnysshed (participle past)
garnysche (alternative)
garnyschyn (alternative)
garnysh (alternative)

English: garnish

Scots: gairnish

Borrowed from Old French garniss-, extended stem of garnir, from Frankish *warnijan. Doublet of warnysshen and wernen; also compare garnement and garnysoun.

To garrison or fortify; to prepare for military use.

To ready or prepare oneself (especially for fighting)

To furnish with decorations or adornments.


warnysshen

warnysshen (infinitive)
to warnysshen (infinitive)
warnysshe (infinitive)
warnysshe (first-person present singular)
warnysshed (first-person past singular)
warnysshte (first-person past singular)
warnysshest (present second-person singular)
warnysshedest (past second-person singular)
warnysshtest (past second-person singular)
warnyssheth (present singular third-person)
warnysshed (past singular third-person)
warnysshte (past singular third-person)
warnysshe (present singular subjunctive)
warnysshed (past singular subjunctive)
warnysshte (past singular subjunctive)
warnysshe (imperative present singular)
warnysshen (plural present)
warnysshe (plural present)
warnyssheden (past plural)
warnysshede (past plural)
warnysshten (past plural)
warnysshte (past plural)
warnyssheth (imperative plural present)
warnysshe (imperative plural present)
warnysshynge (participle present)
warnysshende (participle present)
warnysshed (participle past)
warnyssht (participle past)
ywarnysshed (participle past)
ywarnyssht (participle past)
warenyss (alternative)
warnise (alternative)
warnysshe (alternative)

Scots: warnish

Borrowed from Old Northern French warniss-, extended stem of warnir (central Old French garnir, guarnir), from Frankish *warnijan. Doublet of garnysshen and wernen; also compare warnen, warnestore, and warnisoun.

bor+

To provide or supply combatants with gear or armour.

(rare) To implore or entreat; to make an urgent request.

(figurative, rare) To strengthen; to make strong or powerful.


wærnen

(Early Middle English) alternative form of wernen


warnestoren

warnestoren (infinitive)
to warnestoren (infinitive)
warnestore (infinitive)
warnestore (first-person present singular)
warnestored (first-person past singular)
warnestorest (present second-person singular)
warnestoredest (past second-person singular)
warnestoreth (present singular third-person)
warnestored (past singular third-person)
warnestore (present singular subjunctive)
warnestored (past singular subjunctive)
warnestore (imperative present singular)
warnestoren (plural present)
warnestore (plural present)
warnestoreden (past plural)
warnestorede (past plural)
warnestoreth (imperative plural present)
warnestore (imperative plural present)
warnestorynge (participle present)
warnestorende (participle present)
warnestored (participle past)
warmstore (alternative)
warnestore (alternative)
warnestoore (alternative)
warnesturen (alternative)
warnstore (alternative)

From warnestore + -en (infinitival suffix).

To provide with fortifications or defences.

To provide with food, equipment, or supplies.


sourden

enm-verb

sourden (third-person singular simple present sourdeth, present participle sourdende, sourdynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle sourded)

sourdeth (present singular third-person)
sourdende (participle present)
sourdynge (participle present)
sourded (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
sourden (infinitive)
to sourden (infinitive)
sourde (infinitive)
sourde (first-person present singular)
sourded (first-person past singular)
sourdest (present second-person singular)
sourdedest (past second-person singular)
sourdeth (present singular third-person)
sourded (past singular third-person)
sourde (present singular subjunctive)
sourded (past singular subjunctive)
sourde (imperative present singular)
sourden (plural present)
sourde (plural present)
sourdeden (past plural)
sourdede (past plural)
sourdeth (imperative plural present)
sourde (imperative plural present)
sourdynge (participle present)
sourdende (participle present)
sourded (participle past)
sourde (alternative)

English: sourd (obsolete)

Borrowed from Old French sourdre, from Latin surgō, contraction of earlier subrigō. Compare sours.


smacchen

smacchen (infinitive)
to smacchen (infinitive)
smacche (infinitive)
smacche (first-person present singular)
smaughte (first-person past singular)
smacchest (present second-person singular)
smaughtest (past second-person singular)
smaccheth (present singular third-person)
smaughte (past singular third-person)
smacche (present singular subjunctive)
smaughte (past singular subjunctive)
smacche (imperative present singular)
smacchen (plural present)
smacche (plural present)
smaughten (past plural)
smaughte (past plural)
smaccheth (imperative plural present)
smacche (imperative plural present)
smacchynge (participle present)
smacchende (participle present)
smaught (participle past)
ysmaught (participle past)
smachen (alternative)
smaicche (alternative)
smatchen (alternative)

English: smatch (obsolete)

Inherited from Old English smæċċan, from Proto-West Germanic *smakkijan; equivalent to smak + -en (infinitival suffix).

(ambitransitive) To have a taste; to taste (something).

(ambitransitive) To smell (of); to emit or sample an odour.

(ambitransitive) To be contaminated (by); to be blemished (with).


smakie

(Early Middle English) alternative form of smaken


sauven

(Early Middle English) alternative form of saven


savynge

English: saving

savant (alternative)
saveng (alternative)
saving (alternative)
savinge (alternative)
savyng (alternative)
saffyng (alternative)
safynge (alternative)
sauvynge (alternative)
savand (alternative)
savun (alternative)


bemen

bemen (infinitive)
to bemen (infinitive)
beme (infinitive)
beme (first-person present singular)
bemed (first-person past singular)
bemest (present second-person singular)
bemedest (past second-person singular)
bemeth (present singular third-person)
bemed (past singular third-person)
beme (present singular subjunctive)
bemed (past singular subjunctive)
beme (imperative present singular)
bemen (plural present)
beme (plural present)
bemeden (past plural)
bemede (past plural)
bemeth (imperative plural present)
beme (imperative plural present)
bemynge (participle present)
bemende (participle present)
bemed (participle past)
ybemed (participle past)
bemin (alternative)

Inherited from Old English bȳmian; equivalent to beme + -en (infinitival suffix).

(Early Middle English, rare) To trumpet.


bemen

bemen (infinitive)
to bemen (infinitive)
beme (infinitive)
beme (first-person present singular)
bemed (first-person past singular)
bemest (present second-person singular)
bemedest (past second-person singular)
bemeth (present singular third-person)
bemed (past singular third-person)
beme (present singular subjunctive)
bemed (past singular subjunctive)
beme (imperative present singular)
bemen (plural present)
beme (plural present)
bemeden (past plural)
bemede (past plural)
bemeth (imperative plural present)
beme (imperative plural present)
bemynge (participle present)
bemende (participle present)
bemed (participle past)
ybemed (participle past)

>? English: beam

(Late Middle English, rare) To illuminate; to make bright.


bethen

bethen (third-person singular simple present betheth, present participle bethende, bethynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle bethed)

betheth (present singular third-person)
bethende (participle present)
bethynge (participle present)
bethed (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
bethen (infinitive)
to bethen (infinitive)
bethe (infinitive)
bethe (first-person present singular)
bethed (first-person past singular)
bethest (present second-person singular)
bethedest (past second-person singular)
betheth (present singular third-person)
bethed (past singular third-person)
bethe (present singular subjunctive)
bethed (past singular subjunctive)
bethe (imperative present singular)
bethen (plural present)
bethe (plural present)
betheden (past plural)
bethede (past plural)
betheth (imperative plural present)
bethe (imperative plural present)
bethynge (participle present)
bethende (participle present)
bethed (participle past)
ybethed (participle past)
beðen (alternative Early-Middle-English)
beþien (alternative Early-Middle-English)

English: beath (dialectal)

Inherited from Old English beþian, beþþan, from Proto-West Germanic *baþþjan, from Proto-Germanic *baþjaną; compare bath (“bath”) and bathen (“to bathe”).

(chiefly Early Middle English) To bathe; to immerse oneself in water.

(rare) To immerse wood in a heated bath to soften it.


beðen

(Early Middle English) alternative form of bethen


brewynge

brewing (alternative)
brewinge (alternative)
brewyng (alternative)
bruynge (alternative)


bisemen

bisemen (third-person singular simple present bisemeth, present participle bisemende, bisemynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle bisemed)

bisemeth (present singular third-person)
bisemende (participle present)
bisemynge (participle present)
bisemed (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
bisemen (infinitive)
to bisemen (infinitive)
biseme (infinitive)
biseme (first-person present singular)
bisemed (first-person past singular)
bisemest (present second-person singular)
bisemedest (past second-person singular)
bisemeth (present singular third-person)
bisemed (past singular third-person)
biseme (present singular subjunctive)
bisemed (past singular subjunctive)
biseme (imperative present singular)
bisemen (plural present)
biseme (plural present)
bisemeden (past plural)
bisemede (past plural)
bisemeth (imperative plural present)
biseme (imperative plural present)
bisemynge (participle present)
bisemende (participle present)
bisemed (participle past)
becemyn (alternative)
beseme (alternative)
biseme (alternative)
byseme (alternative)
bysemen (alternative)

English: beseem

To beseem; to be suitable or appropriate.


grucched

first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle of grucche


smethen

smethen (third-person singular simple present smetheth, present participle smethende, smethynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle smethed)

smetheth (present singular third-person)
smethende (participle present)
smethynge (participle present)
smethed (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
smethen (infinitive)
to smethen (infinitive)
smethe (infinitive)
smethe (first-person present singular)
smethed (first-person past singular)
smethest (present second-person singular)
smethedest (past second-person singular)
smetheth (present singular third-person)
smethed (past singular third-person)
smethe (present singular subjunctive)
smethed (past singular subjunctive)
smethe (imperative present singular)
smethen (plural present)
smethe (plural present)
smetheden (past plural)
smethede (past plural)
smetheth (imperative plural present)
smethe (imperative plural present)
smethynge (participle present)
smethende (participle present)
smethed (participle past)
ysmethed (participle past)
smeþie (alternative)
smeþ (alternative)
smeþen (alternative)
smeðin (alternative Early-Middle-English)
smeþien (alternative Early-Middle-English)

English: smeeth (dialectal)

Inherited from Old English smēþan, smēþian; equivalent to smethe + -en (infinitival suffix).


smeðin

(Early Middle English) alternative form of smethen


stichen

stichen (third-person singular simple present sticheth, present participle stichende, stichynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle stiched)

sticheth (present singular third-person)
stichende (participle present)
stichynge (participle present)
stiched (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
stichen (infinitive)
to stichen (infinitive)
stiche (infinitive)
stiche (first-person present singular)
stiched (first-person past singular)
stichest (present second-person singular)
stichedest (past second-person singular)
sticheth (present singular third-person)
stiched (past singular third-person)
stiche (present singular subjunctive)
stiched (past singular subjunctive)
stiche (imperative present singular)
stichen (plural present)
stiche (plural present)
sticheden (past plural)
stichede (past plural)
sticheth (imperative plural present)
stiche (imperative plural present)
stichynge (participle present)
stichende (participle present)
stiched (participle past)
ystiched (participle past)
sticchen (alternative)
stychyn (alternative)

English: stitch

Scots: steek

Inherited from Old English stiċċian (weak class 2), alteration of earlier *stiċċan (weak class 1), from Proto-West Germanic *stikkjan, from Proto-Germanic *stikjaną; equivalent to and remodelled after stiche + -en (infinitival suffix).


fostrien

(Early Middle English) alternative form of fostren


dremynge

Inherited from Old English drēaming; equivalent to dremen + -ing.

dremenge (alternative)
dremyng (alternative)


teyen

teyen (third-person singular simple present teyeth, present participle teyinge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle teyed)

teyeth (present singular third-person)
teyinge (participle present)
teyed (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
teyen (infinitive)
to teyen (infinitive)
teye (infinitive)
teye (first-person present singular)
teyed (first-person past singular)
teyde (first-person past singular)
teyest (present second-person singular)
teyedest (past second-person singular)
teydest (past second-person singular)
teyeth (present singular third-person)
teyed (past singular third-person)
teyde (past singular third-person)
teye (present singular subjunctive)
teyed (past singular subjunctive)
teyde (past singular subjunctive)
teye (imperative present singular)
teyen (plural present)
teye (plural present)
teyeden (past plural)
teyede (past plural)
teyden (past plural)
teyde (past plural)
teyeth (imperative plural present)
teye (imperative plural present)
teyynge (participle present)
teyende (participle present)
teyed (participle past)
teyd (participle past)
yteyed (participle past)
yteyd (participle past)
tegh (alternative)
teiȝen (alternative)
tey (alternative)
teye (alternative)
teyȝe (alternative)
teyn (alternative)
teyyn (alternative)
thyen (alternative)
tien (alternative)
tye (alternative)
tyȝe (alternative)

English: tie

Scots: tee, tie

Inherited from Old English tīeġan, *tēġan, from Proto-West Germanic *taugijan, from Proto-Germanic *taugijaną; equivalent to teye (“cord”) + -en (infinitival suffix).

af

To restrain, limit or shackle (especially by tying)

To yoke or link together:
To join or unify (e.g. maritally)

To yoke or link together:
To tie or make a knot.


crokynge

croking (alternative)
crokyng (alternative)
crukyng (alternative)


speden

speden (infinitive)
to speden (infinitive)
spede (infinitive)
spede (first-person present singular)
spedde (first-person past singular)
spedest (present second-person singular)
speddest (past second-person singular)
spedeth (present singular third-person)
spedde (past singular third-person)
spede (present singular subjunctive)
spedde (past singular subjunctive)
spede (imperative present singular)
speden (plural present)
spede (plural present)
spedden (past plural)
spedde (past plural)
spedeth (imperative plural present)
spede (imperative plural present)
spedynge (participle present)
spedende (participle present)
sped (participle past)
ysped (participle past)
spedden (alternative)

English: speed

Scots: spede, speid

Yola: zpeed

From Old English spēdan, from Proto-West Germanic *spōdijan.


fordemen

enm-verb

fordemen (third-person singular simple present fordemen, present participle fordemende, fordemynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle fordemed)

fordemen (present singular third-person)
fordemende (participle present)
fordemynge (participle present)
fordemed (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)

English: fordeem

From Old English fordeman (“to condemn, sentence, doom”), from Proto-Germanic *fradōmijaną (“to condemn, damn”), equivalent to for- + demen.


threschynge

threisshynge (alternative)
threschyng (alternative)
threshyng (alternative)
thresshyng (alternative)
þraisshynge (alternative)
þresshing (alternative)
þresshynge (alternative)


hurtelen

enm-verb

hurtelen (third-person singular simple present hurteleth, present participle hurtelende, hurtelynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle hurteled)

hurteleth (present singular third-person)
hurtelende (participle present)
hurtelynge (participle present)
hurteled (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
hurtelen (infinitive)
to hurtelen (infinitive)
hurtele (infinitive)
hurtele (first-person present singular)
hurteled (first-person past singular)
hurtelest (present second-person singular)
hurteledest (past second-person singular)
hurteleth (present singular third-person)
hurteled (past singular third-person)
hurtele (present singular subjunctive)
hurteled (past singular subjunctive)
hurtele (imperative present singular)
hurtelen (plural present)
hurtele (plural present)
hurteleden (past plural)
hurtelede (past plural)
hurteleth (imperative plural present)
hurtele (imperative plural present)
hurtelynge (participle present)
hurtelende (participle present)
hurteled (participle past)
yhurteled (participle past)
hurcle (alternative)
hurkle (alternative)
hurtel (alternative)
hurtelyn (alternative)
hurtle (alternative)
hurtlen (alternative)

English: hurtle

From hurten + -elen; compare hurlen. For forms with /k/, compare dialectal modern English turkle (“turtle”).

O fyrſt mouyng cruel firmament / Wyth thy diurnal ſwegh, that croudeſt aye / And hurtleſte al fro Eſt to Occident / That naturally wolde holde another way

[1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Man of Lawes Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales (in Middle English), [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC, folio xxi, recto:

O first moving cruel firmament / With thy diurnal sway that crowdest aye [always] / And hurtles all from East to Occident / That naturally would hold another way

To trip or fall over; to make a misstep.

To smash or fall together; to undergo collision.

To throw or shove; to apply force to:
To charge or run towards; to come at.

To clash or fight; to enter into combat with.

To strike or knock down; to cause to fall.

He foineth on his foe with a trunchoun, / And he him hurtleth with his horse adown.

[1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Knight’s Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales (in Middle English), [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; Charles Cowden Clarke, editor, The Canterbury Tales of Chaucer. […], 2nd edition, volume I, Edinburgh: James Nichol; London: James Nisbet & Co.; Dublin: W. Robertson, 1860, →OCLC, page 81, lines 2617–2618:

He foineth [thrust] on his foe with a truncheon, / And he him hurtleth with his horse adown.


hurlen

hurlen (third-person singular simple present hurleth, present participle hurlende, hurlynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle hurled)

hurleth (present singular third-person)
hurlende (participle present)
hurlynge (participle present)
hurled (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
hurlen (infinitive)
to hurlen (infinitive)
hurle (infinitive)
hurle (first-person present singular)
hurled (first-person past singular)
hurlest (present second-person singular)
hurledest (past second-person singular)
hurleth (present singular third-person)
hurled (past singular third-person)
hurle (present singular subjunctive)
hurled (past singular subjunctive)
hurle (imperative present singular)
hurlen (plural present)
hurle (plural present)
hurleden (past plural)
hurlede (past plural)
hurleth (imperative plural present)
hurle (imperative plural present)
hurlynge (participle present)
hurlende (participle present)
hurled (participle past)
yhurled (participle past)
horlen (alternative)
hurl (alternative)
hurle (alternative)
hurlyn (alternative)

English: hurl

Scots: hurl


blawe

(Kent, Northern) alternative form of blowen (“to blow”)


spryngen

spryngen (third-person singular simple present spryngeth, present participle spryngynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative sprang, past participle sprongen)

spryngeth (present singular third-person)
spryngynge (participle present)
sprang (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
sprongen (participle past)
spryngen (infinitive)
to spryngen (infinitive)
sprynge (infinitive)
sprynge (first-person present singular)
sprang (first-person past singular)
spryngest (present second-person singular)
sprange (past second-person singular)
sprang (past second-person singular)
spryngeth (present singular third-person)
sprang (past singular third-person)
sprynge (present singular subjunctive)
sprange (past singular subjunctive)
sprynge (imperative present singular)
spryngen (plural present)
sprynge (plural present)
sprangen (past plural)
sprange (past plural)
spryngeth (imperative plural present)
sprynge (imperative plural present)
spryngynge (participle present)
spryngende (participle present)
sprongen (participle past)
spronge (participle past)
ysprongen (participle past)
yspronge (participle past)
spring (alternative)
springe (alternative)
springen (alternative)
springgen (alternative)
springuen (alternative)
sprinke (alternative)
spryng (alternative)
sprynge (alternative)
spryngge (alternative)
sprynggyn (alternative)
sprynghe (alternative)
sprinken (alternative Early-Middle-English)

English: spring; sprink

Scots: spring

Inherited from Old English springan, from Proto-West Germanic *springan, from Proto-Germanic *springaną; equivalent to spryng + -en (infinitival suffix). Compare sprengen.

To issue or gush (water from a water source)

(of plants) To grow, sprout, or bear fruit or flowers.

(by extension) To grow, emerge or develop:

(of the sun) To rise; to emerge or appear.

To grow, emerge or develop:
To rise; to emerge or appear.

(of waves) To overflow or flood; to utterly envelop.

To move with great speed or energy; to dash:

To spring (jump with great speed or energy).

To shoot or spurt out; to emerge suddenly and quickly.

To become or cause to become diffused; to spread.

To become or cause to become known or disseminated.

To establish or normalise; to become or make normal.

To sprinkle or asperse; to spread in small drops or bits.

(rare) To promote or honour; to make exalted.


sprinken

(Early Middle English) alternative form of spryngen


kissynge

English: kissing

Inherited from Old English cyssende, from Proto-West Germanic *kussijandī, from Proto-Germanic *kussijandz; equivalent to kissen + -ing.


sprytten

sprytten (third-person singular simple present sprytteth, present participle spryttende, first-/third-person singular past indicative sprytte, past participle spryt)

sprytteth (present singular third-person)
spryttende (participle present)
sprytte (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
spryt (participle past)
sprytten (infinitive)
to sprytten (infinitive)
sprytte (infinitive)
sprytte (first-person present singular)
sprytte (first-person past singular)
spryttest (present second-person singular)
spryttest (past second-person singular)
sprytteth (present singular third-person)
sprytte (past singular third-person)
sprytte (present singular subjunctive)
sprytte (past singular subjunctive)
sprytte (imperative present singular)
sprytten (plural present)
sprytte (plural present)
sprytten (past plural)
sprytte (past plural)
sprytteth (imperative plural present)
sprytte (imperative plural present)
spryttynge (participle present)
spryttende (participle present)
spryt (participle past)
yspryt (participle past)
sprutten (alternative)
sputten (alternative)

English: sprit, spirt, spurt

Scots: spret, sprit

From a combination of Old English spryttan (from Proto-West Germanic *spruttjan) and Old Norse spretta (from Proto-Germanic *sprantijaną, thus a doublet of sprenten). For the loss of /r/ in some forms, compare the development of speken from Old English sprecan.