auntren

auntren (third-person singular simple present auntreth, present participle auntrende, auntrynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle auntred)

auntreth (present singular third-person)
auntrende (participle present)
auntrynge (participle present)
auntred (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
auntre (alternative)
antren (alternative)
aventren (alternative)
aventuren (alternative)

Borrowed from Old French aventurer with the suffixation of -en (infinitive forming suffix). Related to English adventure, venture and Middle English aventure, auntrous.

He auntred him and has his nedes sped,
 And I lie as draf-sek in my bed.

1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “(please specify the story)”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC, lines 4205-4206:

(also reflexive) to undertake, try, take a chance


glisteren

enm-verb

glisteren (third-person singular simple present glistereth, present participle glisterende, glisterynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle glistered)

glistereth (present singular third-person)
glisterende (participle present)
glisterynge (participle present)
glistered (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
glistren (alternative)

English: glister


wynken

wynken (third-person singular simple present wynketh, present participle wynkende, wynkynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle wynked)

wynketh (present singular third-person)
wynkende (participle present)
wynkynge (participle present)
wynked (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
wynken (infinitive)
to wynken (infinitive)
wynke (infinitive)
wynke (first-person present singular)
wynked (first-person past singular)
wynkest (present second-person singular)
wynkedest (past second-person singular)
wynketh (present singular third-person)
wynked (past singular third-person)
wynke (present singular subjunctive)
wynked (past singular subjunctive)
wynke (imperative present singular)
wynken (plural present)
wynke (plural present)
wynkeden (past plural)
wynkede (past plural)
wynketh (imperative plural present)
wynke (imperative plural present)
wynkynge (participle present)
wynkende (participle present)
wynked (participle past)
wink (alternative)
winke (alternative)
wynk (alternative)
wynke (alternative)
wynkyn (alternative)
winkin (alternative Early-Middle-English)

English: wink

Scots: wink

From Old English wincian, from Proto-West Germanic *winkōn. Compare wyncen.


winkin

(Early Middle English) alternative form of wynken


wyncen

wyncen (third-person singular simple present wynketh, present participle wynkende, wynkynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle wynked)

wynketh (present singular third-person)
wynkende (participle present)
wynkynge (participle present)
wynked (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
wyncen (infinitive)
to wyncen (infinitive)
wynce (infinitive)
wynce (first-person present singular)
wynced (first-person past singular)
wyncest (present second-person singular)
wyncedest (past second-person singular)
wynceth (present singular third-person)
wynced (past singular third-person)
wynce (present singular subjunctive)
wynced (past singular subjunctive)
wynce (imperative present singular)
wyncen (plural present)
wynce (plural present)
wynceden (past plural)
wyncede (past plural)
wynceth (imperative plural present)
wynce (imperative plural present)
wyncynge (participle present)
wyncende (participle present)
wynced (participle past)
wynce (alternative)
wynche (alternative)
wyncyn (alternative)
wynse (alternative)
wynsen (alternative)
wynci (alternative Early-Middle-English)

English: wince

Scots: wince, winch

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman winchir and Old French guencier, from Proto-West Germanic *wankijan. Compare wynken.


swepen

swepen (third-person singular simple present swepeth, present participle swepynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative swepte, past participle swept)

swepeth (present singular third-person)
swepynge (participle present)
swepte (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
swept (participle past)
swepen (infinitive)
to swepen (infinitive)
swepe (infinitive)
swepe (first-person present singular)
swepte (first-person past singular)
sweped (first-person past singular)
swepest (present second-person singular)
sweptest (past second-person singular)
swepedest (past second-person singular)
swepeth (present singular third-person)
swepte (past singular third-person)
sweped (past singular third-person)
swepe (present singular subjunctive)
swepte (past singular subjunctive)
sweped (past singular subjunctive)
swepe (imperative present singular)
swepen (plural present)
swepe (plural present)
swepten (past plural)
swepte (past plural)
swepeden (past plural)
swepede (past plural)
swepeth (imperative plural present)
swepe (imperative plural present)
swepynge (participle present)
swepende (participle present)
swept (participle past)
sweped (participle past)
yswept (participle past)
ysweped (participle past)
sweepe (alternative)
swepe (alternative)

English: sweep

Scots: sweep

Not known before the 14th century, but usually considered to be from Anglian Old English *swēpan (West Saxon *swǣpan), from Proto-West Germanic *swaipijan, from Proto-Germanic *swaipijaną.
Derivation from Old English swipian (with open-syllable lengthening) or swēop, past participle of swāpan is also possible; these sources may have reinforced a rare *swēpan.

(ambitransitive) To sweep (something); to stroke with a broom:

(transitive, religion) To cleanse or purge evil influences.

(usually transitive) To remove or eradicate; to strike off.

(ambitransitive, poetic, uncommon) To speed up or impel.


swippen

swippen (third-person singular simple present swippeth, present participle swippynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative swipte, past participle swipt)

swippeth (present singular third-person)
swippynge (participle present)
swipte (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
swipt (participle past)
swippen (infinitive)
to swippen (infinitive)
swippe (infinitive)
swippe (first-person present singular)
swipte (first-person past singular)
swippest (present second-person singular)
swiptest (past second-person singular)
swippeth (present singular third-person)
swipte (past singular third-person)
swippe (present singular subjunctive)
swipte (past singular subjunctive)
swippe (imperative present singular)
swippen (plural present)
swippe (plural present)
swipten (past plural)
swipte (past plural)
swippeth (imperative plural present)
swippe (imperative plural present)
swippynge (participle present)
swippende (participle present)
swipt (participle past)
yswipt (participle past)
swype (alternative)

English: swip

>? English: swipe

Scots: soop

Inherited from Old English swipian, from Proto-West Germanic *swippjan; compare swepen and swopen.

(with preposition) To strike, hit or attack.

(transitive, religion) To move with haste; to speed.


gyngle

gyngel (alternative)
gingille (alternative)

And whan he rood, men myghte his brydel heere
Gynglen in a whistlynge wynd als cleere

[1387–1400, [Geoffrey] Chaucer, “Here Bygynneth the Book of the Tales of Caunt́burẏ”, in The Tales of Caunt́bury (Hengwrt Chaucer; Peniarth Manuscript 392D) (in Middle English), Aberystwyth, Ceredigion: National Library of Wales, published [c. 1400–1410], →OCLC, folio iv, recto:

And when he rode, you could hear his bridle
jingle in a whistling wind as clearly


poken

poken (infinitive)
to poken (infinitive)
poke (infinitive)
poke (first-person present singular)
poked (first-person past singular)
pokest (present second-person singular)
pokedest (past second-person singular)
poketh (present singular third-person)
poked (past singular third-person)
poke (present singular subjunctive)
poked (past singular subjunctive)
poke (imperative present singular)
poken (plural present)
poke (plural present)
pokeden (past plural)
pokede (past plural)
poketh (imperative plural present)
poke (imperative plural present)
pokynge (participle present)
pokende (participle present)
poked (participle past)
ypoked (participle past)
pouke (alternative)

English: poke

Yola: pooked (preterite)

Perhaps from Middle Dutch poken or Middle Low German poken, both from Proto-West Germanic *pukōn or similar, which is itself of uncertain origin.


atew

From Old English atēowan (“show or demonstrate”).


maymen

enm-verb

maymen (third-person singular simple present maymeth, present participle maymende, maymynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle maymed)

maymeth (present singular third-person)
maymende (participle present)
maymynge (participle present)
maymed (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
maymen (infinitive)
to maymen (infinitive)
mayme (infinitive)
mayme (first-person present singular)
maymed (first-person past singular)
maymest (present second-person singular)
maymedest (past second-person singular)
maymeth (present singular third-person)
maymed (past singular third-person)
mayme (present singular subjunctive)
maymed (past singular subjunctive)
mayme (imperative present singular)
maymen (plural present)
mayme (plural present)
maymeden (past plural)
maymede (past plural)
maymeth (imperative plural present)
mayme (imperative plural present)
maymynge (participle present)
maymende (participle present)
maymed (participle past)
ymaymed (participle past)
mahaymen (alternative)
maheyme (alternative)
mayme (alternative)
mayn (alternative)
mayne (alternative)
maynyn (alternative)
maynhe (alternative Northern)

English: maim

Middle Scots: mainȝie, menȝe

Scots: meingyie (obsolete)

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman mahaimer, alteration of Old French mahaignier, mehaignier after Frankish *hammjan (“to restrict”); thus equivalent to maym (“injury”) + -en (infinitival suffix). Forms with /n/, /ɳ/ continue the unaltered Old French form.

af

To maim; to physically injure as to impair.


misgon

ther is a ful noble way, and ful covenable, which may not faile to man ne to womman, that thorugh synne hath mysgon fro the right way of Jerusalem celestial [...].

1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “(please specify the story)”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC:


wreien

From Old English wrēġan (“to urge, incite, stir up, accuse, impeach”), from Proto-Germanic *wrōgijaną (“to tell; tell on; announce; accuse”), from Proto-Indo-European *were-, *wrē- (“to tell; speak; shout”). Akin to Dutch wroegen (“to blame”), German rügen (“to reprove”), Swedish röja (“to bewray; reveal; expose”).

cog

1387-1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, "The Franklin's Tale", Canterbury Tales
no thyng dorste he seye, / Save in his songes somwhat wolde he wreye / His wo

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

Thou shalt upon thy trouthe swere me heere
That to no wight thou shalt this conseil wreye.

1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Myllers Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC:


aquiten

Therwyth al roſy hewed tho woxe ſhe / And gan to hym, and ſayd, ſo I trowe / Aquyte him wel for goddes loue (q[uo]d he) / My ſelfe to medes wol the lettre ſowe […]

c. 1380s, [Geoffrey Chaucer, William Caxton, editor], The Double Sorow of Troylus to Telle Kyng Pryamus Sone of Troye … [Troilus and Criseyde], [Westminster]: Explicit per Caxton, published 1482, →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], book II, [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC, folio clxxix, verso, column 1, line 1200:


attren

enm-verb

attren (third-person singular simple present attreth, present participle attrende, attrynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle attred)

attreth (present singular third-person)
attrende (participle present)
attrynge (participle present)
attred (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
attren (infinitive)
to attren (infinitive)
attre (infinitive)
attre (first-person present singular)
attred (first-person past singular)
attrest (present second-person singular)
attredest (past second-person singular)
attreth (present singular third-person)
attred (past singular third-person)
attre (present singular subjunctive)
attred (past singular subjunctive)
attre (imperative present singular)
attren (plural present)
attre (plural present)
attreden (past plural)
attrede (past plural)
attreth (imperative plural present)
attre (imperative plural present)
attrynge (participle present)
attrende (participle present)
attred (participle past)
yattred (participle past)

English: atter

desc

vocalism may be due to influence from Old Norse <i class="Latn mention" lang="non">eitra</i>

Scots: etter (vocalism may be due to influence from Old Norse eitra)

Inherited from Old English ǣtrian, ǣttrian, from Proto-West Germanic *aitrōn, from Proto-Germanic *aitrōną; equivalent to atter (“poison”) + -en (infinitival suffix).


chaffaren

enm-verb

chaffaren (third-person singular simple present chaffareth, present participle chaffarende, chaffarynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle chaffared)

chaffareth (present singular third-person)
chaffarende (participle present)
chaffarynge (participle present)
chaffared (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
chaffaren (infinitive)
to chaffaren (infinitive)
chaffare (infinitive)
chaffare (first-person present singular)
chaffared (first-person past singular)
chaffarest (present second-person singular)
chaffaredest (past second-person singular)
chaffareth (present singular third-person)
chaffared (past singular third-person)
chaffare (present singular subjunctive)
chaffared (past singular subjunctive)
chaffare (imperative present singular)
chaffaren (plural present)
chaffare (plural present)
chaffareden (past plural)
chaffarede (past plural)
chaffareth (imperative plural present)
chaffare (imperative plural present)
chaffarynge (participle present)
chaffarende (participle present)
chaffared (participle past)
ychaffared (participle past)
chaffare (alternative)
chaffaryn (alternative)
chafare (alternative)
chafer (alternative)
chafere (alternative)
cheffaren (alternative)
chapfari (alternative Kent)

English: chaffer

From chaffare (“trade”) + -en (infinitival suffix).

af

(transitive, rare, usually with of) To trade in return for profit.


conqueren

enm-verb

conqueren (third-person singular simple present conquereth, present participle conquerende, conquerynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle conquered)

conquereth (present singular third-person)
conquerende (participle present)
conquerynge (participle present)
conquered (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
conqueren (infinitive)
to conqueren (infinitive)
conquere (infinitive)
conquere (first-person present singular)
conquered (first-person past singular)
conquerde (first-person past singular)
conquerest (present second-person singular)
conqueredest (past second-person singular)
conquerdest (past second-person singular)
conquereth (present singular third-person)
conquered (past singular third-person)
conquerde (past singular third-person)
conquere (present singular subjunctive)
conquered (past singular subjunctive)
conquerde (past singular subjunctive)
conquere (imperative present singular)
conqueren (plural present)
conquere (plural present)
conquereden (past plural)
conquerede (past plural)
conquerden (past plural)
conquerde (past plural)
conquereth (imperative plural present)
conquere (imperative plural present)
conquerynge (participle present)
conquerende (participle present)
conquered (participle past)
conquerd (participle past)
conquer (alternative)
conquere (alternative)
conquery (alternative)
conquire (alternative)
conqwere (alternative)

English: conquer

Middle Scots: conquer, conquere

Middle Welsh: cwncwerio, kwncwerio

desc

Welsh: concro (remodelled after modern English)

Borrowed from Old French conquerre, from Latin conquaerō, conquīrō.

To obtain, win or garner (outside of war)

(rare) To obtain control over an emotion.

(rare) To accomplish; to be successful in.


wursen

(Early Middle English) alternative form of worsen


counten

enm-verb

counten (third-person singular simple present counteth, present participle countende, countynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle counted)

counteth (present singular third-person)
countende (participle present)
countynge (participle present)
counted (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
counten (infinitive)
to counten (infinitive)
counte (infinitive)
counte (first-person present singular)
counted (first-person past singular)
countest (present second-person singular)
countedest (past second-person singular)
counteth (present singular third-person)
counted (past singular third-person)
counte (present singular subjunctive)
counted (past singular subjunctive)
counte (imperative present singular)
counten (plural present)
counte (plural present)
counteden (past plural)
countede (past plural)
counteth (imperative plural present)
counte (imperative plural present)
countynge (participle present)
countende (participle present)
counted (participle past)
ycounted (participle past)
compt (alternative)
compten (alternative)
count (alternative)
counte (alternative)
cownt (alternative)
cownte (alternative)
cowntone (alternative)
cowntyn (alternative)
kownt (alternative)

English: count

Scots: coont, count

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman counter, conter, from Latin computō; equivalent to counte (“computation”) + -en (infinitival suffix).

af

To count (enumerate; give the number of)

To count; to analyse or consider as a member of a group.


acounten

enm-verb

acounten (third-person singular simple present acounteth, present participle acountende, acountynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle acounted)

acounteth (present singular third-person)
acountende (participle present)
acountynge (participle present)
acounted (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
acounten (infinitive)
to acounten (infinitive)
acounte (infinitive)
acounte (first-person present singular)
acounted (first-person past singular)
acountest (present second-person singular)
acountedest (past second-person singular)
acounteth (present singular third-person)
acounted (past singular third-person)
acounte (present singular subjunctive)
acounted (past singular subjunctive)
acounte (imperative present singular)
acounten (plural present)
acounte (plural present)
acounteden (past plural)
acountede (past plural)
acounteth (imperative plural present)
acounte (imperative plural present)
acountynge (participle present)
acountende (participle present)
acounted (participle past)
accompt (alternative)
acompte (alternative)
accounte (alternative)
a-count (alternative)
acounte (alternative)
a-counti (alternative)
acownt (alternative)
a-coynt (alternative)

English: account, accompt

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman acounter, aconter; equivalent to acounte (“account”) + -en (infinitival suffix) or a- + counten (“to count”).

af

To measure or calculate (especially time):

To narrate or recount; to provide an accounting:

To maintain or provide accounts of finances.

(rare) To count as or consider a member of a group.


criþe

(Early Middle English) alternative form of crien


pouten

enm-verb

pouten (third-person singular simple present pouteth, present participle poutende, poutynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle pouted)

pouteth (present singular third-person)
poutende (participle present)
poutynge (participle present)
pouted (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
counten (infinitive)
to counten (infinitive)
counte (infinitive)
counte (first-person present singular)
counted (first-person past singular)
countest (present second-person singular)
countedest (past second-person singular)
counteth (present singular third-person)
counted (past singular third-person)
counte (present singular subjunctive)
counted (past singular subjunctive)
counte (imperative present singular)
counten (plural present)
counte (plural present)
counteden (past plural)
countede (past plural)
counteth (imperative plural present)
counte (imperative plural present)
countynge (participle present)
countende (participle present)
counted (participle past)
ycounted (participle past)
powt (alternative)

English: pout

Probably borrowed from North Germanic, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *pūtō (“swollen”).


schruden

(Early Middle English, South West Midlands) alternative form of schryden


louken

(Also spelled lowken.) From Old English lūcan (“to pluck out, pull up”), from Proto-West Germanic *lūkan, from Proto-Germanic *lūkaną, *leukaną (“to break, pluck, pull”), from Proto-Indo-European *lūǵ- (“to break”). Cognate with Middle Low German lūken (“to pull, pull up”), German liechen (“to pluck”), Danish luge (“to hatch”), Latin luctor (“wrestle, fight”, verb).


morfounden

morfounden (infinitive)
to morfounden (infinitive)
morfounde (infinitive)
morfounde (first-person present singular)
morfounded (first-person past singular)
morfoundest (present second-person singular)
morfoundedest (past second-person singular)
morfoundeth (present singular third-person)
morfounded (past singular third-person)
morfounde (present singular subjunctive)
morfounded (past singular subjunctive)
morfounde (imperative present singular)
morfounden (plural present)
morfounde (plural present)
morfoundeden (past plural)
morfoundede (past plural)
morfoundeth (imperative plural present)
morfounde (imperative plural present)
morfoundynge (participle present)
morfoundende (participle present)
morfounded (participle past)
ymorfounded (participle past)

English: morfound

From Middle French morfondre (“to chill, to cool”), from Franco-Provençal mor, more (“snout”) + Middle French fondre (“to melt”), where the first part comes from Vulgar Latin *murrum (“muzzle, snout”), and the second from Latin fundere.

bor

(Late Middle English) to suffer from coldness or catarrh.


mameren

mameren (infinitive)
to mameren (infinitive)
mamere (infinitive)
mamere (first-person present singular)
mamered (first-person past singular)
mamerest (present second-person singular)
mameredest (past second-person singular)
mamereth (present singular third-person)
mamered (past singular third-person)
mamere (present singular subjunctive)
mamered (past singular subjunctive)
mamere (imperative present singular)
mameren (plural present)
mamere (plural present)
mamereden (past plural)
mamerede (past plural)
mamereth (imperative plural present)
mamere (imperative plural present)
mamerynge (participle present)
mamerende (participle present)
mamered (participle past)
ymamered (participle past)
memeren (alternative)

English: mammer, momurdotes


amortisen

amortisen (infinitive)
to amortisen (infinitive)
amortise (infinitive)
amortise (first-person present singular)
amortised (first-person past singular)
amortisest (present second-person singular)
amortisedest (past second-person singular)
amortiseth (present singular third-person)
amortised (past singular third-person)
amortise (present singular subjunctive)
amortised (past singular subjunctive)
amortise (imperative present singular)
amortisen (plural present)
amortise (plural present)
amortiseden (past plural)
amortisede (past plural)
amortiseth (imperative plural present)
amortise (imperative plural present)
amortisynge (participle present)
amortisende (participle present)
amortised (participle past)
yamortised (participle past)
amorteisen (alternative)

English: amortize

From Old French amortir (via the stem amortiss-), from Vulgar Latin *admortīre, derived from Latin mortuus (“dead”).


amorteisen

amorteisen (infinitive)
to amorteisen (infinitive)
amorteise (infinitive)
amorteise (first-person present singular)
amorteised (first-person past singular)
amorteisest (present second-person singular)
amorteisedest (past second-person singular)
amorteiseth (present singular third-person)
amorteised (past singular third-person)
amorteise (present singular subjunctive)
amorteised (past singular subjunctive)
amorteise (imperative present singular)
amorteisen (plural present)
amorteise (plural present)
amorteiseden (past plural)
amorteisede (past plural)
amorteiseth (imperative plural present)
amorteise (imperative plural present)
amorteisynge (participle present)
amorteisende (participle present)
amorteised (participle past)
yamorteised (participle past)


eschaungen

enm-verb

eschaungen (third-person singular simple present eschaungeth, present participle eschaungende, eschaungynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle eschaunged)

eschaungeth (present singular third-person)
eschaungende (participle present)
eschaungynge (participle present)
eschaunged (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
eschaungen (infinitive)
to eschaungen (infinitive)
eschaunge (infinitive)
eschaunge (first-person present singular)
eschaunged (first-person past singular)
eschaungest (present second-person singular)
eschaungedest (past second-person singular)
eschaungeth (present singular third-person)
eschaunged (past singular third-person)
eschaunge (present singular subjunctive)
eschaunged (past singular subjunctive)
eschaunge (imperative present singular)
eschaungen (plural present)
eschaunge (plural present)
eschaungeden (past plural)
eschaungede (past plural)
eschaungeth (imperative plural present)
eschaunge (imperative plural present)
eschaungynge (participle present)
eschaungende (participle present)
eschaunged (participle past)
echaungen (alternative)

English: exchange

/ɛsˈt͡ʃaːnd͡ʒən/

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman eschaungier (continental Old French eschangier), from Late Latin *excambiāre; equivalent to eschaunge (“exchange”) + -en (infinitival suffix).


transgressen

transgressen (infinitive)
to transgressen (infinitive)
transgresse (infinitive)
transgresse (first-person present singular)
transgressed (first-person past singular)
transgressest (present second-person singular)
transgressedest (past second-person singular)
transgresseth (present singular third-person)
transgressed (past singular third-person)
transgresse (present singular subjunctive)
transgressed (past singular subjunctive)
transgresse (imperative present singular)
transgressen (plural present)
transgresse (plural present)
transgresseden (past plural)
transgressede (past plural)
transgresseth (imperative plural present)
transgresse (imperative plural present)
transgressynge (participle present)
transgressende (participle present)
transgressed (participle past)
ytransgressed (participle past)

English: transgress

From Old French transgresser and Latin transgressus, past participle of transgredī.

(Late Middle English) to transgress; to commit an offense; to sin.


hoveren

English: hover

Probably from hoven (“hover; of a bird: to fly high in the air, soar”) (which it displaced) + -er- (frequentative suffix).

hover (hang around or linger in a place or around someone)


sweyen

sweyen (infinitive)
to sweyen (infinitive)
sweye (infinitive)
sweye (first-person present singular)
sweyed (first-person past singular)
sweyest (present second-person singular)
sweyedest (past second-person singular)
sweyeth (present singular third-person)
sweyed (past singular third-person)
sweye (present singular subjunctive)
sweyed (past singular subjunctive)
sweye (imperative present singular)
sweyen (plural present)
sweye (plural present)
sweyeden (past plural)
sweyede (past plural)
sweyeth (imperative plural present)
sweye (imperative plural present)
sweyynge (participle present)
sweyende (participle present)
sweyed (participle past)
ysweyed (participle past)
swie (alternative)
swe (alternative)

English: sway

Scots: swey

Yola: zwae

Borrowed from Old Norse sveigja, from Proto-Germanic *swaigijaną.


remitten

English: remit

(transitive) to give up, relinquish (something)

(transitive) to remit, forgive (a debt or other obligation)

(transitive) to forgive, pardon (a sin or offense)

(transitive) to release (someone) from some obligation, to discharge

(transitive) to control, moderate (strong emotion)

(intransitive, with of) (of a quality) to be diminished

(transitive) to refer (someone) to a source of information (e.g. a person or book)

(transitive) to send (someone) back to prison

(transitive) to refer (something) for consideration (typically by an authority)

(transitive, law) to restore (someone) to a title


glenchen

English: glance

A blend of:
* Old French glacier, glachier, glaichier (“to slide; to slip”) (whence also Middle English glacen (“of a blow: to strike obliquely, glance; to glide”)), from glace (“frozen water, ice”) (from Vulgar Latin *glacia, from Latin glaciēs (“ice”), of uncertain origin, + -ier (suffix forming infinitives of first-conjugation verbs); and
* Old French guenchir, ganchir (“to avoid; to change direction; to elude, evade”) [and other forms], from Proto-West Germanic *wankijan (“to move aside; to stagger, sway; to wave”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *weng- (“to bend”).

der

glauncen (alternative)
glansen (alternative)

(intransitive) (of a weapon) to glance, graze (not deliver the full effect of a blow)


haggen

haggen (infinitive)
to haggen (infinitive)
hagge (infinitive)
hagge (first-person present singular)
hagged (first-person past singular)
haggest (present second-person singular)
haggedest (past second-person singular)
haggeth (present singular third-person)
hagged (past singular third-person)
hagge (present singular subjunctive)
hagged (past singular subjunctive)
hagge (imperative present singular)
haggen (plural present)
hagge (plural present)
haggeden (past plural)
haggede (past plural)
haggeth (imperative plural present)
hagge (imperative plural present)
haggynge (participle present)
haggende (participle present)
hagged (participle past)
yhagged (participle past)
hag (alternative)

English: hag

Yola: haghed (preterite)


pouren

English: pour

Perhaps from Old Northern French purer (“to sift (grain), pour out (water)”), from Latin pūrō (“to purify”), from pūrus (“pure”). Compare Middle Dutch afpuren (“to pour off, drain”).

cog

(transitive) to pour (something), to decant

(transitive, figuratively) to send forth (something); to express

(transitive, reflexive, figuratively) to devote oneself to (something)


pouren

English: pore

Unknown. Perhaps from Old English *purian, suggested by Old English spyrian (“to investigate, examine”). Akin to Middle Dutch poren (“to pore, look”), Dutch porren (“to poke, prod, stir, encourage, endeavour, attempt”), Low German purren (“to poke, stir”), Danish purre (“to poke, stir, rouse”), dialectal Swedish pora, pura, påra (“to work slowly and gradually, work deliberately”), Old English spor (“track, trace, vestige”).

(intransitive) to study intently, to pore over


anatomisen

English: anatomize

Borrowed from Medieval Latin anatomizāre.


howlen

howlen (infinitive)
to howlen (infinitive)
howle (infinitive)
howle (first-person present singular)
howled (first-person past singular)
howlest (present second-person singular)
howledest (past second-person singular)
howleth (present singular third-person)
howled (past singular third-person)
howle (present singular subjunctive)
howled (past singular subjunctive)
howle (imperative present singular)
howlen (plural present)
howle (plural present)
howleden (past plural)
howlede (past plural)
howleth (imperative plural present)
howle (imperative plural present)
howlynge (participle present)
howlende (participle present)
howled (participle past)
yhowled (participle past)
howlyn (alternative)
hulen (alternative)

English: howl

Scots: howl

Yola: hol

From Old English *hūlian, from Proto-West Germanic *hūilōn, from Proto-Germanic *hūwilōną.


fryken

fryken (infinitive)
to fryken (infinitive)
fryke (infinitive)
fryke (first-person present singular)
fryked (first-person past singular)
frykest (present second-person singular)
frykedest (past second-person singular)
fryketh (present singular third-person)
fryked (past singular third-person)
fryke (present singular subjunctive)
fryked (past singular subjunctive)
fryke (imperative present singular)
fryken (plural present)
fryke (plural present)
frykeden (past plural)
frykede (past plural)
fryketh (imperative plural present)
fryke (imperative plural present)
frykynge (participle present)
frykende (participle present)
fryked (participle past)
yfryked (participle past)
frikien (alternative)

English: frick, frig (dialectal), freak

Fingallian: frig


frapen

frapen (infinitive)
to frapen (infinitive)
frape (infinitive)
frape (first-person present singular)
fraped (first-person past singular)
frapest (present second-person singular)
frapedest (past second-person singular)
frapeth (present singular third-person)
fraped (past singular third-person)
frape (present singular subjunctive)
fraped (past singular subjunctive)
frape (imperative present singular)
frapen (plural present)
frape (plural present)
frapeden (past plural)
frapede (past plural)
frapeth (imperative plural present)
frape (imperative plural present)
frapynge (participle present)
frapende (participle present)
fraped (participle past)
yfraped (participle past)
frappen (alternative)

English: frap

Fingallian: frap (noun)


pateren

pateren (infinitive)
to pateren (infinitive)
patere (infinitive)
patere (first-person present singular)
patered (first-person past singular)
paterest (present second-person singular)
pateredest (past second-person singular)
patereth (present singular third-person)
patered (past singular third-person)
patere (present singular subjunctive)
patered (past singular subjunctive)
patere (imperative present singular)
pateren (plural present)
patere (plural present)
patereden (past plural)
paterede (past plural)
patereth (imperative plural present)
patere (imperative plural present)
paterynge (participle present)
paterende (participle present)
patered (participle past)
ypatered (participle past)
patren (alternative)

English: patter

Fingallian: padreen (ger.)


strenken

strenken (infinitive)
to strenken (infinitive)
strenke (infinitive)
strenke (first-person present singular)
strenked (first-person past singular)
strenkest (present second-person singular)
strenkedest (past second-person singular)
strenketh (present singular third-person)
strenked (past singular third-person)
strenke (present singular subjunctive)
strenked (past singular subjunctive)
strenke (imperative present singular)
strenken (plural present)
strenke (plural present)
strenkeden (past plural)
strenkede (past plural)
strenketh (imperative plural present)
strenke (imperative plural present)
strenkynge (participle present)
strenkende (participle present)
strenked (participle past)
ystrenked (participle past)
strennkenn (alternative Ormulum)

Fingallian: strinkan (ger.)


thakken

thakken (infinitive)
to thakken (infinitive)
thakke (infinitive)
thakke (first-person present singular)
thakked (first-person past singular)
thakkest (present second-person singular)
thakkedest (past second-person singular)
thakketh (present singular third-person)
thakked (past singular third-person)
thakke (present singular subjunctive)
thakked (past singular subjunctive)
thakke (imperative present singular)
thakken (plural present)
thakke (plural present)
thakkeden (past plural)
thakkede (past plural)
thakketh (imperative plural present)
thakke (imperative plural present)
thakkynge (participle present)
thakkende (participle present)
thakked (participle past)
ythakked (participle past)

From Old English þaccian, from Proto-West Germanic *þakkōn, from Proto-Germanic *þakwōną.

This carter thacked his horſe on yͤ croupe / And they begon to drawe and to ſtoupe

1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Freres Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC, folio xliiii, recto, column 2:

This carter thwacked is horse on the croup / And they began to draw and to stoop


broylen

broylen (infinitive)
to broylen (infinitive)
broyle (infinitive)
broyle (first-person present singular)
broyled (first-person past singular)
broylest (present second-person singular)
broyledest (past second-person singular)
broyleth (present singular third-person)
broyled (past singular third-person)
broyle (present singular subjunctive)
broyled (past singular subjunctive)
broyle (imperative present singular)
broylen (plural present)
broyle (plural present)
broyleden (past plural)
broylede (past plural)
broyleth (imperative plural present)
broyle (imperative plural present)
broylynge (participle present)
broylende (participle present)
broyled (participle past)
ybroyled (participle past)
brulen (alternative)

English: broil

Yola: breal (noun)

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman bruiller, broiller (“to broil, roast”), Old French brusler, bruller (“to broil, roast, char”).


preferren

enm-verb

preferren (third-person singular simple present preferreth, present participle preferrende, preferrynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle preferred)

preferreth (present singular third-person)
preferrende (participle present)
preferrynge (participle present)
preferred (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)


preferrende

preferrende (third-person singular simple present preferreth, present participle preferrende, preferrynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle preferred)


preferrynge

preferrynge (third-person singular simple present preferreth, present participle preferrende, preferrynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle preferred)


sleped

sleped (third-person singular simple present slepeth, present participle slepende, slepynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle sleped)

slepeth (present singular third-person)
slepende (participle present)
slepynge (participle present)
sleped (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)

first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle of slepen


slepeth

slepeth (third-person singular simple present slepeth, present participle slepende, slepynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle sleped)

third-person singular simple present of slepen


speketh

speketh (third-person singular simple present speketh, present participle spekynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative spak, past participle speken)

speketh (present singular third-person)
spekynge (participle present)
spak (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
speken (participle past)

third-person singular simple present of speken


dernen

dernen (infinitive)
to dernen (infinitive)
derne (infinitive)
derne (first-person present singular)
derned (first-person past singular)
dernest (present second-person singular)
dernedest (past second-person singular)
derneth (present singular third-person)
derned (past singular third-person)
derne (present singular subjunctive)
derned (past singular subjunctive)
derne (imperative present singular)
dernen (plural present)
derne (plural present)
derneden (past plural)
dernede (past plural)
derneth (imperative plural present)
derne (imperative plural present)
dernynge (participle present)
dernende (participle present)
derned (participle past)
yderned (participle past)
dærnen (alternative)

English: dern

Scots: dern, darn

Yola: dearnt (preterite)

From Old English dyrnan, diernan (“to keep secret, conceal, hide, restrain, repress, hide oneself”), from Proto-West Germanic *darnijan (“to conceal”), from *darnī (“hidden, secret”).


gaspen

gaspen (infinitive)
to gaspen (infinitive)
gaspe (infinitive)
gaspe (first-person present singular)
gasped (first-person past singular)
gaspest (present second-person singular)
gaspedest (past second-person singular)
gaspeth (present singular third-person)
gasped (past singular third-person)
gaspe (present singular subjunctive)
gasped (past singular subjunctive)
gaspe (imperative present singular)
gaspen (plural present)
gaspe (plural present)
gaspeden (past plural)
gaspede (past plural)
gaspeth (imperative plural present)
gaspe (imperative plural present)
gaspynge (participle present)
gaspende (participle present)
gasped (participle past)
ygasped (participle past)
gaspe (alternative)
gayspen (alternative)

English: gasp

Scots: gasp

Yola: gazb, gozb


gyge

gygen (infinitive)
to gygen (infinitive)
gyge (infinitive)
gyge (first-person present singular)
gyged (first-person past singular)
gygest (present second-person singular)
gygedest (past second-person singular)
gygeth (present singular third-person)
gyged (past singular third-person)
gyge (present singular subjunctive)
gyged (past singular subjunctive)
gyge (imperative present singular)
gygen (plural present)
gyge (plural present)
gygeden (past plural)
gygede (past plural)
gygeth (imperative plural present)
gyge (imperative plural present)
gygynge (participle present)
gygende (participle present)
gyged (participle past)
ygyged (participle past)

English: jig

Yola: jigges (plural)

/ˈd͡ʒi(ː)ɡə/

Borrowed from Old French giguer (“to play the fiddle”).

bor+

(Late Middle English, hapax legomenon) To make a creaking sound.


douten

douten (infinitive)
to douten (infinitive)
doute (infinitive)
doute (first-person present singular)
douted (first-person past singular)
doutest (present second-person singular)
doutedest (past second-person singular)
douteth (present singular third-person)
douted (past singular third-person)
doute (present singular subjunctive)
douted (past singular subjunctive)
doute (imperative present singular)
douten (plural present)
doute (plural present)
douteden (past plural)
doutede (past plural)
douteth (imperative plural present)
doute (imperative plural present)
doutynge (participle present)
doutende (participle present)
douted (participle past)
ydouted (participle past)


relieven

(Late Middle English) alternative form of releven


pertenen

pertenen (infinitive)
to pertenen (infinitive)
pertene (infinitive)
pertene (first-person present singular)
pertened (first-person past singular)
pertenest (present second-person singular)
pertenedest (past second-person singular)
perteneth (present singular third-person)
pertened (past singular third-person)
pertene (present singular subjunctive)
pertened (past singular subjunctive)
pertene (imperative present singular)
pertenen (plural present)
pertene (plural present)
perteneden (past plural)
pertenede (past plural)
perteneth (imperative plural present)
pertene (imperative plural present)
pertenynge (participle present)
pertenende (participle present)
pertened (participle past)
ypertened (participle past)
perteinen (alternative)
perteignen (alternative)
partenen (alternative)

English: pertain

From Old French partenir, pertenir, (modern French appartenir), in turn from Latin pertineō, pertinēre.


liky

(Kent) alternative form of liken (“to like”)


licen

(Early Middle English) alternative form of liken (“to like”)


fnorten

fnorten (infinitive)
to fnorten (infinitive)
fnorte (infinitive)
fnorte (first-person present singular)
fnorted (first-person past singular)
fnortest (present second-person singular)
fnortedest (past second-person singular)
fnorteth (present singular third-person)
fnorted (past singular third-person)
fnorte (present singular subjunctive)
fnorted (past singular subjunctive)
fnorte (imperative present singular)
fnorten (plural present)
fnorte (plural present)
fnorteden (past plural)
fnortede (past plural)
fnorteth (imperative plural present)
fnorte (imperative plural present)
fnortynge (participle present)
fnortende (participle present)
fnorted (participle past)
yfnorted (participle past)
fnerten (alternative)
fnirten (alternative)

desctree

Middle English: snorten
English: snort
Scots: snort

From Old English *fnorettan, from Old English fnora.


snorten

snorten (infinitive)
to snorten (infinitive)
snorte (infinitive)
snorte (first-person present singular)
snorted (first-person past singular)
snortest (present second-person singular)
snortedest (past second-person singular)
snorteth (present singular third-person)
snorted (past singular third-person)
snorte (present singular subjunctive)
snorted (past singular subjunctive)
snorte (imperative present singular)
snorten (plural present)
snorte (plural present)
snorteden (past plural)
snortede (past plural)
snorteth (imperative plural present)
snorte (imperative plural present)
snortynge (participle present)
snortende (participle present)
snorted (participle past)
ysnorted (participle past)

English: snort

Scots: snort

From earlier fnorten, from Old English *fnorettan, from Old English fnora.


bryngen to ground

enm-verb

bryngen to ground (third-person singular simple present bryngeth to ground, present participle bryngynge to ground, first-/third-person singular past indicative broghte to ground, past participle broght to ground)

bryngeth to ground (present singular third-person)
bryngynge to ground (participle present)
broghte to ground (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
broght to ground (participle past)
bryngen to grund (alternative)
bryngen to grounde (alternative)

English: bring to ground

Þatt illke wise þatt Adam I Paradys wass fandedd, & brohht to grund.

Þis lond was ibroȝt þoru treson verst to grounde.

Hit greuys me full gretly, & to ground brynges.


stoupen

stoupen (third-person singular simple present stoupeth, present participle stoupende, stoupynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle stouped)

stoupeth (present singular third-person)
stoupende (participle present)
stoupynge (participle present)
stouped (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
stoupen (infinitive)
to stoupen (infinitive)
stoupe (infinitive)
stoupe (first-person present singular)
stouped (first-person past singular)
stoupest (present second-person singular)
stoupedest (past second-person singular)
stoupeth (present singular third-person)
stouped (past singular third-person)
stoupe (present singular subjunctive)
stouped (past singular subjunctive)
stoupe (imperative present singular)
stoupen (plural present)
stoupe (plural present)
stoupeden (past plural)
stoupede (past plural)
stoupeth (imperative plural present)
stoupe (imperative plural present)
stoupynge (participle present)
stoupende (participle present)
stouped (participle past)
ystouped (participle past)
stoup (alternative)
stoupe (alternative)
stowpe (alternative)
stowppe (alternative)
stupen (alternative Early-Middle-English)
stupin (alternative Early-Middle-English)
stoupi (alternative Kent)

desc

obsolete <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">stoup</i>

English: stoop (obsolete stoup)

Middle Scots: stoup

From Old English stūpian, from Proto-West Germanic *stūpōn, from Proto-Germanic *stūpōną.

To bend the head or eyes forwards; to slouch.

To be regularly or habitually tilt or bent diagonally.


stupin

(Early Middle English) alternative form of stoupen


droupen

enm-verb

droupen (third-person singular simple present droupeth, present participle droupende, droupynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle drouped)

droupeth (present singular third-person)
droupende (participle present)
droupynge (participle present)
drouped (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
droupen (infinitive)
to droupen (infinitive)
droupe (infinitive)
droupe (first-person present singular)
drouped (first-person past singular)
droupest (present second-person singular)
droupedest (past second-person singular)
droupeth (present singular third-person)
drouped (past singular third-person)
droupe (present singular subjunctive)
drouped (past singular subjunctive)
droupe (imperative present singular)
droupen (plural present)
droupe (plural present)
droupeden (past plural)
droupede (past plural)
droupeth (imperative plural present)
droupe (imperative plural present)
droupynge (participle present)
droupende (participle present)
drouped (participle past)
ydrouped (participle past)
drope (alternative)
droupe (alternative)
drowpe (alternative)
drupe (alternative)

English: droop

Middle Scots: droup

Borrowed from Old Norse drúpa, from Proto-Germanic *drūpaną, collateral form of *dreupaną. Doublet of drepen.

To drop, fall, or lower; to move downwards.

To be distraught or grieving; to lament.


croppen

croppen (third-person singular simple present croppeth, present participle croppende, croppynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle cropped)

croppeth (present singular third-person)
croppende (participle present)
croppynge (participle present)
cropped (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
croppen (infinitive)
to croppen (infinitive)
croppe (infinitive)
croppe (first-person present singular)
cropped (first-person past singular)
croppest (present second-person singular)
croppedest (past second-person singular)
croppeth (present singular third-person)
cropped (past singular third-person)
croppe (present singular subjunctive)
cropped (past singular subjunctive)
croppe (imperative present singular)
croppen (plural present)
croppe (plural present)
croppeden (past plural)
croppede (past plural)
croppeth (imperative plural present)
croppe (imperative plural present)
croppynge (participle present)
croppende (participle present)
cropped (participle past)
ycropped (participle past)
croppe (alternative)

English: crop

Scots: crap

Inherited from Old English croppian; equivalent to croppe (“crop”) + -en (infinitival suffix).


crengen

enm-verb

crengen (third-person singular simple present crengeth, present participle crengende, crengynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle crenged)

crengeth (present singular third-person)
crengende (participle present)
crengynge (participle present)
crenged (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
crengen (infinitive)
to crengen (infinitive)
crenge (infinitive)
crenge (first-person present singular)
crenged (first-person past singular)
crengest (present second-person singular)
crengedest (past second-person singular)
crengeth (present singular third-person)
crenged (past singular third-person)
crenge (present singular subjunctive)
crenged (past singular subjunctive)
crenge (imperative present singular)
crengen (plural present)
crenge (plural present)
crengeden (past plural)
crengede (past plural)
crengeth (imperative plural present)
crenge (imperative plural present)
crengynge (participle present)
crengende (participle present)
crenged (participle past)
ycrenged (participle past)
crenchen (alternative)
crenge (alternative)

English: cringe

Scots: creenge, creinge

From Old English *crenġan, from Proto-West Germanic *krangijan, from Proto-Germanic *krangijaną (“to cause to fall”).

inh

(rare) To condescend; to bend in a haughty manner.


kyngen

kyngen (infinitive)
to kyngen (infinitive)
kynge (infinitive)
kynge (first-person present singular)
kynged (first-person past singular)
kyngest (present second-person singular)
kyngedest (past second-person singular)
kyngeth (present singular third-person)
kynged (past singular third-person)
kynge (present singular subjunctive)
kynged (past singular subjunctive)
kynge (imperative present singular)
kyngen (plural present)
kynge (plural present)
kyngeden (past plural)
kyngede (past plural)
kyngeth (imperative plural present)
kynge (imperative plural present)
kyngynge (participle present)
kyngende (participle present)
kynged (participle past)
ykynged (participle past)
*kingen (alternative)

English: king

(Late Middle English) to perform the duties of a king; to king


flikeren

flikeren (infinitive)
to flikeren (infinitive)
flikere (infinitive)
flikere (first-person present singular)
flikered (first-person past singular)
flikerest (present second-person singular)
flikeredest (past second-person singular)
flikereth (present singular third-person)
flikered (past singular third-person)
flikere (present singular subjunctive)
flikered (past singular subjunctive)
flikere (imperative present singular)
flikeren (plural present)
flikere (plural present)
flikereden (past plural)
flikerede (past plural)
flikereth (imperative plural present)
flikere (imperative plural present)
flikerynge (participle present)
flikerende (participle present)
flikered (participle past)
yflikered (participle past)
flekeren (alternative)
flekyren (alternative)
flekiren (alternative)
flykeren (alternative)

English: flicker

From Old English flicerian, flicorian (“to flutter”), from Proto-West Germanic *flikurōn.


maglen

manglen (infinitive)
to manglen (infinitive)
mangle (infinitive)
mangle (first-person present singular)
mangled (first-person past singular)
manglest (present second-person singular)
mangledest (past second-person singular)
mangleth (present singular third-person)
mangled (past singular third-person)
mangle (present singular subjunctive)
mangled (past singular subjunctive)
mangle (imperative present singular)
manglen (plural present)
mangle (plural present)
mangleden (past plural)
manglede (past plural)
mangleth (imperative plural present)
mangle (imperative plural present)
manglynge (participle present)
manglende (participle present)
mangled (participle past)
ymangled (participle past)
megglen (alternative)

English: maggle

Possibly from Old French maigle, megle, magle (“mattock”); or as an alteration of mangelen (“to mangle”).


skairen

skairen (infinitive)
to skairen (infinitive)
skaire (infinitive)
skaire (first-person present singular)
skaired (first-person past singular)
skairest (present second-person singular)
skairedest (past second-person singular)
skaireth (present singular third-person)
skaired (past singular third-person)
skaire (present singular subjunctive)
skaired (past singular subjunctive)
skaire (imperative present singular)
skairen (plural present)
skaire (plural present)
skaireden (past plural)
skairede (past plural)
skaireth (imperative plural present)
skaire (imperative plural present)
skairynge (participle present)
skairende (participle present)
skaired (participle past)
yskaired (participle past)
skayren (alternative)

English: skair

From Old Norse *sköyra. Cognate with Old Danish sköre. Also, possibly cognate with Old Norse skera (“to cut, to shear”), as they share a similar root.


skayren

skayren (infinitive)
to skayren (infinitive)
skayre (infinitive)
skayre (first-person present singular)
skayred (first-person past singular)
skayrest (present second-person singular)
skayredest (past second-person singular)
skayreth (present singular third-person)
skayred (past singular third-person)
skayre (present singular subjunctive)
skayred (past singular subjunctive)
skayre (imperative present singular)
skayren (plural present)
skayre (plural present)
skayreden (past plural)
skayrede (past plural)
skayreth (imperative plural present)
skayre (imperative plural present)
skayrynge (participle present)
skayrende (participle present)
skayred (participle past)
yskayred (participle past)


bletseiȝen

(Early Middle English) alternative form of blessen


icchen

icchen (infinitive)
to icchen (infinitive)
icche (infinitive)
icche (first-person present singular)
icched (first-person past singular)
icchest (present second-person singular)
icchedest (past second-person singular)
iccheth (present singular third-person)
icched (past singular third-person)
icche (present singular subjunctive)
icched (past singular subjunctive)
icche (imperative present singular)
icchen (plural present)
icche (plural present)
iccheden (past plural)
icchede (past plural)
iccheth (imperative plural present)
icche (imperative plural present)
icchynge (participle present)
icchende (participle present)
icched (participle past)
yicched (participle past)
icchenn (alternative)
hyche (alternative)

English: hitch

Yola: heech


thirlen

enm-verb

thirlen (third-person singular simple present thirleth, present participle thirlende, thirlynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle thirled)

thirleth (present singular third-person)
thirlende (participle present)
thirlynge (participle present)
thirled (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
thirlen (infinitive)
to thirlen (infinitive)
thirle (infinitive)
thirle (first-person present singular)
thirled (first-person past singular)
thirlest (present second-person singular)
thirledest (past second-person singular)
thirleth (present singular third-person)
thirled (past singular third-person)
thirle (present singular subjunctive)
thirled (past singular subjunctive)
thirle (imperative present singular)
thirlen (plural present)
thirle (plural present)
thirleden (past plural)
thirlede (past plural)
thirleth (imperative plural present)
thirle (imperative plural present)
thirlynge (participle present)
thirlende (participle present)
thirled (participle past)
ythirled (participle past)
thirl (alternative)
thrill (alternative)
thrillen (alternative)
thrylle (alternative)
þerle (alternative)
þerlyn (alternative)
þirlen (alternative)
þirllen (alternative)
þrille (alternative)
þurle (alternative)
þurlin (alternative)

English: thirl; thrill

Scots: thirl

From Old English þȳrlian; equivalent to thirl (“hole”) + -en (infinitival suffix).

af

To make a hole, opening, or passage; to bore:

To enter, move or travel into:
To diffuse; to spread throughout.

(rare, anatomy) To occupy or extend into.

To enter, move or travel into:
To occupy or extend into.


parformen

enm-verb

parformen (third-person singular simple present parformeth, present participle parformende, parformynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle parformed)

parformeth (present singular third-person)
parformende (participle present)
parformynge (participle present)
parformed (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
parformen (infinitive)
to parformen (infinitive)
parforme (infinitive)
parforme (first-person present singular)
parformed (first-person past singular)
parformest (present second-person singular)
parformedest (past second-person singular)
parformeth (present singular third-person)
parformed (past singular third-person)
parforme (present singular subjunctive)
parformed (past singular subjunctive)
parforme (imperative present singular)
parformen (plural present)
parforme (plural present)
parformeden (past plural)
parformede (past plural)
parformeth (imperative plural present)
parforme (imperative plural present)
parformynge (participle present)
parformende (participle present)
parformed (participle past)
parforme (alternative)
parfourme (alternative)
performe (alternative)
performen (alternative)
perfourme (alternative)
perfourmen (alternative)
paarformyn (alternative)
par fourmi (alternative)
parfoorme (alternative)
perfoorme (alternative)
parfourn (alternative)
parfourne (alternative)
parfournen (alternative)
perforne (alternative)
perfourne (alternative)
perfourny (alternative)
parforne (alternative)

English: perform

Middle Scots: perform, performe

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman parformir, parfornir, from par- + fornir (“to furnish”).
Forms with /m/ are due to the analogy of Anglo-Norman former (“to create”) (Middle English formen); though both such forms and those with /n/ were borrowed into Middle English, the latter predominate after 1400, likely due to continuing analogical influence.

To execute, carry out, or perform (a job):

To induce or effect (an emotion or state).

(rare) To complete numerically; to add up to.

To finish; to make complete or whole:
To complete numerically; to add up to.

To finish; to make complete or whole:
(rare) To survive or while away (time).

To finish; to make complete or whole:
To survive or while away (time).


paarformyn

(Promptorium Parvulorum) alternative form of parformen


parfoorme

(Wycliffe Bible or Late Middle English) alternative form of parformen


informyn

(Promptorium Parvulorum) alternative form of enformen


crouken

crouken (infinitive)
to crouken (infinitive)
crouke (infinitive)
crouke (first-person present singular)
crouked (first-person past singular)
croukest (present second-person singular)
croukedest (past second-person singular)
crouketh (present singular third-person)
crouked (past singular third-person)
crouke (present singular subjunctive)
crouked (past singular subjunctive)
crouke (imperative present singular)
crouken (plural present)
crouke (plural present)
croukeden (past plural)
croukede (past plural)
crouketh (imperative plural present)
crouke (imperative plural present)
croukynge (participle present)
croukende (participle present)
crouked (participle past)
ycrouked (participle past)
crowken (alternative)

English: croak

⇒ Yola: crookeen, crooken

Back-formation from Old English crācettan (“to croak”) (also in derivative crǣcettung (“croaking”)), from Proto-Germanic *krēk-, from Proto-Indo-European *greh₂-g-, from *greh₂-k-, of onomatopoeic origin.


whelmen

whelmen (infinitive)
to whelmen (infinitive)
whelme (infinitive)
whelme (first-person present singular)
whelmed (first-person past singular)
whelmest (present second-person singular)
whelmedest (past second-person singular)
whelmeth (present singular third-person)
whelmed (past singular third-person)
whelme (present singular subjunctive)
whelmed (past singular subjunctive)
whelme (imperative present singular)
whelmen (plural present)
whelme (plural present)
whelmeden (past plural)
whelmede (past plural)
whelmeth (imperative plural present)
whelme (imperative plural present)
whelmynge (participle present)
whelmende (participle present)
whelmed (participle past)
ywhelmed (participle past)
whilmene (alternative)
qwelme (alternative)

English: whelm

Yola: whil

Perhaps from Old English *hwealmnian, a variant of *hwealfnian, from hwealf (“arched, concave, vaulted; an arched or vaulted ceiling”), from Proto-West Germanic *hwalb, from Proto-Germanic *hwalbą (“arch, vault”).


cherven

A variant of kerven with preservation of the initial /t͡ʃ/ of Old English ċeorfan that apparently developed into a separate verb with a specialised sense.

chervyn (alternative)
cherwyn (alternative)

(hapax legomenon, Late Middle English) To have a chest pain.


beornen

(Early Middle English) alternative form of brennen


suylle

(South West Midlands) alternative form of sellen


whante

(Late Middle English, East Anglia) alternative form of wanten


wontin

(West Midlands, Early Middle English) alternative form of wanten


quaven

quaven (third-person singular simple present quaveth, present participle quavende, quavynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle quaved)

quaveth (present singular third-person)
quavende (participle present)
quavynge (participle present)
quaved (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
quaven (infinitive)
to quaven (infinitive)
quave (infinitive)
quave (first-person present singular)
quaved (first-person past singular)
quavest (present second-person singular)
quavedest (past second-person singular)
quaveth (present singular third-person)
quaved (past singular third-person)
quave (present singular subjunctive)
quaved (past singular subjunctive)
quave (imperative present singular)
quaven (plural present)
quave (plural present)
quaveden (past plural)
quavede (past plural)
quaveth (imperative plural present)
quave (imperative plural present)
quavynge (participle present)
quavende (participle present)
quaved (participle past)
quave (alternative Late-Middle-English)
quavyn (alternative Late-Middle-English)
cwavien (alternative Early-Middle-English)

English: quave (obsolete)

(intransitive, uncommon) To shake, quake, or tremble.


quavyn

(Promptorium Parvulorum) alternative form of quaven


cwavien

(Early Middle English) alternative form of quaven


schac

(Late Middle English) alternative form of schaken


scheken

(West Midlands) alternative form of schaken


schakynge

chakynge (alternative)
schakinge (alternative)
schakyng (alternative)
shaking (alternative)
shakinge (alternative)
shakyng (alternative)


toschaken

toschaken (third-person singular simple present toschaketh, present participle toschakynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative toschok, past participle toschaken)

toschaketh (present singular third-person)
toschakynge (participle present)
toschok (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
toschaken (participle past)
toschaken (infinitive)
to toschaken (infinitive)
toschake (infinitive)
toschake (first-person present singular)
toschok (first-person past singular)
toschakest (present second-person singular)
toschoke (past second-person singular)
toschok (past second-person singular)
toschaketh (present singular third-person)
toschok (past singular third-person)
toschake (present singular subjunctive)
toschoke (past singular subjunctive)
toschake (imperative present singular)
toschaken (plural present)
toschake (plural present)
toschoken (past plural)
toschoke (past plural)
toschaketh (imperative plural present)
toschake (imperative plural present)
toschakynge (participle present)
toschakende (participle present)
toschaken (participle past)
toschake (participle past)
to-shak (alternative)
to shake (alternative)

Inherited from Old English tōsċacan; equivalent to to- + schaken (“shake, quiver”).

To destroy or damage by shaking; to violently shake:

To split or break apart by shaking; to shake apart.


quaveren

quaveren (third-person singular simple present quavereth, present participle quaverende, quaverynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle quavered)

quavereth (present singular third-person)
quaverende (participle present)
quaverynge (participle present)
quavered (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
quaveren (infinitive)
to quaveren (infinitive)
quavere (infinitive)
quavere (first-person present singular)
quavered (first-person past singular)
quaverest (present second-person singular)
quaveredest (past second-person singular)
quavereth (present singular third-person)
quavered (past singular third-person)
quavere (present singular subjunctive)
quavered (past singular subjunctive)
quavere (imperative present singular)
quaveren (plural present)
quavere (plural present)
quavereden (past plural)
quaverede (past plural)
quavereth (imperative plural present)
quavere (imperative plural present)
quaverynge (participle present)
quaverende (participle present)
quavered (participle past)
quaver (alternative)

English: quaver

From quaven + -eren (frequentative suffix).

(Late Middle English, intransitive, rare) To waver or vacillate.


stakeren

stakeren (third-person singular simple present stakereth, present participle stakerende, stakerynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle stakered)

stakereth (present singular third-person)
stakerende (participle present)
stakerynge (participle present)
stakered (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
stakeren (infinitive)
to stakeren (infinitive)
stakere (infinitive)
stakere (first-person present singular)
stakered (first-person past singular)
stakerest (present second-person singular)
stakeredest (past second-person singular)
stakereth (present singular third-person)
stakered (past singular third-person)
stakere (present singular subjunctive)
stakered (past singular subjunctive)
stakere (imperative present singular)
stakeren (plural present)
stakere (plural present)
stakereden (past plural)
stakerede (past plural)
stakereth (imperative plural present)
stakere (imperative plural present)
stakerynge (participle present)
stakerende (participle present)
stakered (participle past)
stagir (alternative)
staker (alternative)
stakeryn (alternative)
stakren (alternative)
stakur (alternative)
stakyre (alternative)

English: stagger

Middle Scots: stakker, stagger

Scots: stacker, stacher, staucher

Borrowed from Old Norse stakra (“to push, stagger”), frequentative of staka.

bor+

To stagger; to walk unsteadily or erratically.

(rare) To stutter; to speak a spasmodic repetition.


wandren

enm-verb

wandren (third-person singular simple present wandreth, present participle wandrende, wandrynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle wandred)

wandreth (present singular third-person)
wandrende (participle present)
wandrynge (participle present)
wandred (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
wandren (infinitive)
to wandren (infinitive)
wandre (infinitive)
wandre (first-person present singular)
wandred (first-person past singular)
wandrest (present second-person singular)
wandredest (past second-person singular)
wandreth (present singular third-person)
wandred (past singular third-person)
wandre (present singular subjunctive)
wandred (past singular subjunctive)
wandre (imperative present singular)
wandren (plural present)
wandre (plural present)
wandreden (past plural)
wandrede (past plural)
wandreth (imperative plural present)
wandre (imperative plural present)
wandrynge (participle present)
wandrende (participle present)
wandred (participle past)
wander (alternative)
wanderyn (alternative)
wandre (alternative)
wandryn (alternative)
waundre (alternative)
wandri (alternative West-Midlands)
wandry (alternative West-Midlands)
wondri (alternative West-Midlands)
wondrien (alternative)

English: wander

Middle Scots: wander, wandir

Scots: wander, wanner, wauner

Inherited from Old English wandrian, from Proto-West Germanic *wandarōn; equivalent to wonden + -eren (frequentative suffix).

To move aimlessly; to ramble or saunter:

To wander or roam; to move while homeless.

To move towards a destination; to travel towards.


wanderyn

(Promptorium Parvulorum) alternative form of wandren


wandri

(West Midlands) alternative form of wandren


wondrien

(Southern, Early Middle English) alternative form of wandren


anansy

(Southern) alternative form of enhauncen


anhawncen

(Late Middle English) alternative form of enhauncen


enhauncynge

enhauncyng (alternative)
enhaunsing (alternative)
enhaunsinge (alternative)
enhaunsyng (alternative)
enhaunsynge (alternative)
enhawnsynge (alternative)


up halden

(Early Middle English) alternative form of upholden


ofholden

ofholden (third-person singular simple present ofholdeth, present participle ofholdynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative ofheld, past participle ofholden)

ofholdeth (present singular third-person)
ofholdynge (participle present)
ofheld (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
ofholden (participle past)
ofholden (infinitive)
to ofholden (infinitive)
ofholde (infinitive)
ofholde (first-person present singular)
ofheld (first-person past singular)
ofholdest (present second-person singular)
ofhelde (past second-person singular)
ofheld (past second-person singular)
ofholdeth (present singular third-person)
ofheld (past singular third-person)
ofholde (present singular subjunctive)
ofhelde (past singular subjunctive)
ofholde (imperative present singular)
ofholden (plural present)
ofholde (plural present)
ofhelden (past plural)
ofhelde (past plural)
ofholdeth (imperative plural present)
ofholde (imperative plural present)
ofholdynge (participle present)
ofholdende (participle present)
ofholden (participle past)
ofholde (participle past)
ofhealde (alternative Kent)
ofhyealde (alternative Kent)

Inherited from Old English ofhealdan; equivalent to of- + holden.


swymmeth

third-person singular present indicative of swymmen


scornen

scornen (third-person singular simple present scorneth, present participle scornende, scornynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle scorned)

scorneth (present singular third-person)
scornende (participle present)
scornynge (participle present)
scorned (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
scornen (infinitive)
to scornen (infinitive)
scorne (infinitive)
scorne (first-person present singular)
scorned (first-person past singular)
scornest (present second-person singular)
scornedest (past second-person singular)
scorneth (present singular third-person)
scorned (past singular third-person)
scorne (present singular subjunctive)
scorned (past singular subjunctive)
scorne (imperative present singular)
scornen (plural present)
scorne (plural present)
scorneden (past plural)
scornede (past plural)
scorneth (imperative plural present)
scorne (imperative plural present)
scornynge (participle present)
scornende (participle present)
scorned (participle past)
yscorned (participle past)
schorne (alternative)
schornyn (alternative)
scorn (alternative)
scorne (alternative)
skorne (alternative)
skornyn (alternative)
scorni (alternative Kent)
skorny (alternative Southern)
skarnenn (alternative Ormulum)

English: scorn

Middle Scots: scorn, scorne

Scots: scorn, scoarn

Ancrene Wisse
Clarendon Press
Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch
Oxford
trisyllabic shortening

Borrowed from Old Northern French escarnir and central Old French escharnir, from Late Latin *scarnīre, *scernīre, of disputed origin.
Notes on vocalism
While the vocalism in -o- has been considered "not easy to account for", "not satisfyingly explained", and "obscure", it is probably because the word was borrowed with medial /-ɑːrn-/ (as implied by Orm's skarnenn and early forms of the noun scorn with -a-) before the Early Middle English raising of /ɑː/ to /ɔː/ and then participated in it when it occurred. Early Modern orthoepists usually give the reflex of Middle English short /ɔ/ in this word, but that could be from later shortening before /rn/ or due to the analogy of scornere (with trisyllabic shortening) or scornful(ly) (with shortening before three consecutive consonants); similarly, Northern Middle English (and thus Scots and modern Northern English dialectal) forms with -o- can be explained as borrowings from more southerly dialects. In any case, the existence of pronunciations with /ɔː/ is confirmed by the form scoarnes in the Ancrene Wisse.

bor+

To despise or revile; to view contemptuously.

foꝛ he ſchal be bitraied to heþene men .· ⁊ he ſchal be ſcoꝛned ·⁊ ſcourgid ⁊ biſpat […]

c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Luke 18:32, page 38v, column 2; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:

"So he'll be handed over to the pagans, and he'll be mocked, scourged, and spat on […] "

To abuse or mistreat; to behave badly towards:

To trick or fool; to practice deception upon.


istonden

>? Yola: zhoult, ishólthè, estóthè

From Old English ġestandan, from Proto-Germanic *gastandaną.


understonden

understonden (infinitive)
to understonden (infinitive)
understonde (infinitive)
understonde (first-person present singular)
understod (first-person past singular)
understondest (present second-person singular)
understode (past second-person singular)
understod (past second-person singular)
understondeth (present singular third-person)
understod (past singular third-person)
understonde (present singular subjunctive)
understode (past singular subjunctive)
understonde (imperative present singular)
understonden (plural present)
understonde (plural present)
understoden (past plural)
understode (past plural)
understondeth (imperative plural present)
understonde (imperative plural present)
understondynge (participle present)
understondende (participle present)
understonden (participle past)
understonde (participle past)
understanden (alternative)

English: understand

Scots: understand, onderstand

Yola: understhoane

From Old English understandan, from Proto-West Germanic *understandan, from Proto-Germanic *understandaną (“to stand between, stand in the midst, understand”); equivalent to under- + stonden. Cognate with Middle Low German understanden.


stameren

stameren (infinitive)
to stameren (infinitive)
stamere (infinitive)
stamere (first-person present singular)
stamered (first-person past singular)
stamerest (present second-person singular)
stameredest (past second-person singular)
stamereth (present singular third-person)
stamered (past singular third-person)
stamere (present singular subjunctive)
stamered (past singular subjunctive)
stamere (imperative present singular)
stameren (plural present)
stamere (plural present)
stamereden (past plural)
stamerede (past plural)
stamereth (imperative plural present)
stamere (imperative plural present)
stamerynge (participle present)
stamerende (participle present)
stamered (participle past)
ystamered (participle past)
stamery (alternative)

English: stammer

Yola: staamer (noun)

From Old English stamerian, from Proto-West Germanic *stamrōn, from Proto-Germanic *stamrōną (“to stammer”).


mughe

alternative form of mowen (“to stack hay”)


feynyn

(Promptorium Parvulorum) alternative form of feynen


fenȝe

(Early Scots) alternative form of feynen


carien

carien (infinitive)
to carien (infinitive)
carie (infinitive)
carie (first-person present singular)
caried (first-person past singular)
cariest (present second-person singular)
cariedest (past second-person singular)
carieth (present singular third-person)
caried (past singular third-person)
carie (present singular subjunctive)
caried (past singular subjunctive)
carie (imperative present singular)
carien (plural present)
carie (plural present)
carieden (past plural)
cariede (past plural)
carieth (imperative plural present)
carie (imperative plural present)
cariynge (participle present)
cariende (participle present)
caried (participle past)
ycaried (participle past)
caren (alternative)
karien (alternative)

English: carry

Yola: carry

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman carier (modern French charrier); from a derivative of Latin carrus (“four-wheeled baggage wagon”), ultimately of Gaulish origin.


comunen

enm-verb

comunen (third-person singular simple present comuneth, present participle comunende, comunynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle comuned)

comuneth (present singular third-person)
comunende (participle present)
comunynge (participle present)
comuned (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
comunen (infinitive)
to comunen (infinitive)
comune (infinitive)
comune (first-person present singular)
comuned (first-person past singular)
comunest (present second-person singular)
comunedest (past second-person singular)
comuneth (present singular third-person)
comuned (past singular third-person)
comune (present singular subjunctive)
comuned (past singular subjunctive)
comune (imperative present singular)
comunen (plural present)
comune (plural present)
comuneden (past plural)
comunede (past plural)
comuneth (imperative plural present)
comune (imperative plural present)
comunynge (participle present)
comunende (participle present)
comuned (participle past)
comone (alternative)
comoun (alternative)
communen (alternative)
comune (alternative)
comyne (alternative)
komown (alternative)
communy (alternative Kent)

English: common (obsolete); commune

desc

Middle Scots: common, commone, commoun, commoune

Borrowed from Old French comuner and comunier; equivalent to comun (“shared, common”) + -en (infinitival suffix).

af

To connect, come together, or join up with:

To communicate with; to talk, especially to disseminate information.

To take counsel or advice from; to confer.

(somewhat euphemistic) To have sex with; to copulate.

(Christianity) To administer Holy Communion to.

(pathology, rare) To proliferate or expand (of a disease)

(property law, rare) To possess the right to use common land.


construen

enm-verb

construen (third-person singular simple present construeth, present participle construende, construynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle construed)

construeth (present singular third-person)
construende (participle present)
construynge (participle present)
construed (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
construen (infinitive)
to construen (infinitive)
construe (infinitive)
construe (first-person present singular)
construed (first-person past singular)
construest (present second-person singular)
construedest (past second-person singular)
construeth (present singular third-person)
construed (past singular third-person)
construe (present singular subjunctive)
construed (past singular subjunctive)
construe (imperative present singular)
construen (plural present)
construe (plural present)
construeden (past plural)
construede (past plural)
construeth (imperative plural present)
construe (imperative plural present)
construynge (participle present)
construende (participle present)
construed (participle past)
constreu (alternative)
constrew (alternative)
constrewe (alternative)
constru (alternative)
construe (alternative)
construwe (alternative)
construyn (alternative)
constrw (alternative)
constre (alternative reduced)

desc

obsolete <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">conster</i>

English: construe (obsolete conster)

Borrowed from Late Latin cōnstruō (“agglomerate”), from con- (“with”) + struō (“pile up, arrange; build, erect”).

affix

(grammar) To be part of a construction; to construct.

To construe; to interpret or explain the meaning of:

(translation) To translate semantically (rather than word-by-word)

(writing) To render into written language.

To infer or conclude; to develop a factual conclusion.


loketh

third-person singular present indicative of loken


loked

first/third-person singular past indicative


warloked

Yola: wourlok'd

(Late Middle English, hapax legomenon) restrained


dawnen

enm-verb

dawnen (third-person singular simple present dawneth, present participle dawnende, dawnynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle dawned)

dawneth (present singular third-person)
dawnende (participle present)
dawnynge (participle present)
dawned (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
dawnen (infinitive)
to dawnen (infinitive)
dawne (infinitive)
dawne (first-person present singular)
dawned (first-person past singular)
dawnest (present second-person singular)
dawnedest (past second-person singular)
dawneth (present singular third-person)
dawned (past singular third-person)
dawne (present singular subjunctive)
dawned (past singular subjunctive)
dawne (imperative present singular)
dawnen (plural present)
dawne (plural present)
dawneden (past plural)
dawnede (past plural)
dawneth (imperative plural present)
dawne (imperative plural present)
dawnynge (participle present)
dawnende (participle present)
dawned (participle past)
dawnyn (alternative)

English: dawn

Either a back-formation from dawnynge or a modification of dawen (“to dawn”) after it.

(Late Middle English, rare) To dawn; to start brightening.


dawynge

English: dawing (dialectal)

Middle Scots: dawand

Scots: dawin

Inherited from Old English dagung; equivalent to By surface analysis, dawen + ing.

daweing (alternative)
daweinge (alternative)
daweyng (alternative)
dawinge (alternative)
dawyng (alternative)
dahunge (alternative Early-Middle-English)
daying (alternative Late-Middle-English)
dayng (alternative Late-Middle-English)
daynge (alternative Late-Middle-English)
dayyng (alternative Late-Middle-English)
dawyynge (alternative Kent)
dagheynge (alternative Northern)
daghyng (alternative Northern)
dawiinge (alternative)
dawyȝenge (alternative)


dawyn

(Late Middle English) alternative form of dawen


daȝiȝen

(Early Middle English) alternative form of dawen


adawen

adawen (third-person singular simple present adaweth, present participle adawende, adawynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle adawed)

adaweth (present singular third-person)
adawende (participle present)
adawynge (participle present)
adawed (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
adawen (infinitive)
to adawen (infinitive)
adawe (infinitive)
adawe (first-person present singular)
adawed (first-person past singular)
adawest (present second-person singular)
adawedest (past second-person singular)
adaweth (present singular third-person)
adawed (past singular third-person)
adawe (present singular subjunctive)
adawed (past singular subjunctive)
adawe (imperative present singular)
adawen (plural present)
adawe (plural present)
adaweden (past plural)
adawede (past plural)
adaweth (imperative plural present)
adawe (imperative plural present)
adawynge (participle present)
adawende (participle present)
adawed (participle past)
a-dawe (alternative)
adawe (alternative)
a-dawen (alternative)

English: adaw (obsolete)

(figuratively, of emotions) To emerge or arise.

(figuratively) To emerge from rest or injury.


adawen

adaweth (present singular third-person)
adawende (participle present)
adawynge (participle present)
adawed (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
adawen (infinitive)
to adawen (infinitive)
adawe (infinitive)
adawe (first-person present singular)
adawed (first-person past singular)
adawest (present second-person singular)
adawedest (past second-person singular)
adaweth (present singular third-person)
adawed (past singular third-person)
adawe (present singular subjunctive)
adawed (past singular subjunctive)
adawe (imperative present singular)
adawen (plural present)
adawe (plural present)
adaweden (past plural)
adawede (past plural)
adaweth (imperative plural present)
adawe (imperative plural present)
adawynge (participle present)
adawende (participle present)
adawed (participle past)

English: adaw (obsolete)

From adawe (“dead, nonexistent”) + -en (infinitival suffix).

af

(rare, Late Middle English, poetic) To terminate; to defeat.


þristen

þristen (infinitive)
to þristen (infinitive)
þriste (infinitive)
þriste (first-person present singular)
þristed (first-person past singular)
þristest (present second-person singular)
þristedest (past second-person singular)
þristeth (present singular third-person)
þristed (past singular third-person)
þriste (present singular subjunctive)
þristed (past singular subjunctive)
þriste (imperative present singular)
þristen (plural present)
þriste (plural present)
þristeden (past plural)
þristede (past plural)
þristeth (imperative plural present)
þriste (imperative plural present)
þristynge (participle present)
þristende (participle present)
þristed (participle past)
yþristed (participle past)
þrusten (alternative)

English: thrust

Yola: durst (preterite)

Borrowed from Old Norse þrysta, from Proto-Germanic *þrustijaną, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *trewd-.


choppen

choppen (infinitive)
to choppen (infinitive)
choppe (infinitive)
choppe (first-person present singular)
chopped (first-person past singular)
choppest (present second-person singular)
choppedest (past second-person singular)
choppeth (present singular third-person)
chopped (past singular third-person)
choppe (present singular subjunctive)
chopped (past singular subjunctive)
choppe (imperative present singular)
choppen (plural present)
choppe (plural present)
choppeden (past plural)
choppede (past plural)
choppeth (imperative plural present)
choppe (imperative plural present)
choppynge (participle present)
choppende (participle present)
chopped (participle past)
ychopped (participle past)
chappen (alternative)

English: chop

Scots: chap

⇒ Yola: chappy