plukken

plukken (third-person singular simple present plukketh, present participle plukkende, plukkynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle plukked)

plukketh (present singular third-person)
plukkende (participle present)
plukkynge (participle present)
plukked (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
plukken (infinitive)
to plukken (infinitive)
plukke (infinitive)
plukke (first-person present singular)
plukked (first-person past singular)
plukkest (present second-person singular)
plukkedest (past second-person singular)
plukketh (present singular third-person)
plukked (past singular third-person)
plukke (present singular subjunctive)
plukked (past singular subjunctive)
plukke (imperative present singular)
plukken (plural present)
plukke (plural present)
plukkeden (past plural)
plukkede (past plural)
plukketh (imperative plural present)
plukke (imperative plural present)
plukkynge (participle present)
plukkende (participle present)
plukked (participle past)
yplukked (participle past)
ploke (alternative)
plokke (alternative)
plucke (alternative)
pluk (alternative)
pluke (alternative)
plukke (alternative)
plukkyn (alternative)

English: pluck

Scots: pluck

From Old English pluccian, from Proto-West Germanic *plukkōn, from Proto-Germanic *plukkōną. Compare plicchen.

To pluck bare; to leave featherless or hairless.

To pluck; to pull or yank out:
To pick; to remove from a plant.

To pluck; to pull or yank out:
(figuratively) To remove or seize.

To pluck; to pull or yank out:
To remove or seize.


sweven

sweven (infinitive)
to sweven (infinitive)
sweve (infinitive)
sweve (first-person present singular)
sweved (first-person past singular)
swevest (present second-person singular)
swevedest (past second-person singular)
sweveth (present singular third-person)
sweved (past singular third-person)
sweve (present singular subjunctive)
sweved (past singular subjunctive)
sweve (imperative present singular)
sweven (plural present)
sweve (plural present)
sweveden (past plural)
swevede (past plural)
sweveth (imperative plural present)
sweve (imperative plural present)
swevynge (participle present)
swevende (participle present)
sweved (participle past)
ysweved (participle past)

From Old English swefan, from Proto-West Germanic *swefan, from Proto-Germanic *swefaną.

(figuratively) to become calm (of the sea)


tombed

simple past/past participle of tomben (“to inter”)


tiden

What shulde us tyden of thys newe lawe

1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Man of Lawes Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales (in Middle English), [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC, folio xxi, verso, prima pars, column 1:


denen

alternative form of dynen (“to resound”)


hadde

English: had

Yola: hadh, had, ad

From Old English hæfde (first and third person singular preterite), ġehæfd (past participle), from Proto-West Germanic *habd-, past and past participle stem of *habbjan (“to have”).

inh

hadd (alternative)
had (alternative)
ad (alternative)


belanden

enm-verb

belanden (third-person singular simple present belandeth, present participle belandende, belandynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle belanded)

belandeth (present singular third-person)
belandende (participle present)
belandynge (participle present)
belanded (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
belenden (alternative)
belænden (alternative)

From Old English belandian, belendan (“to deprive of lands”), equivalent to bi- + landen.

(transitive) To bereave or deprive a person of land or territory; confiscate.


likken

likken (infinitive)
to likken (infinitive)
likke (infinitive)
likke (first-person present singular)
likked (first-person past singular)
likkest (present second-person singular)
likkedest (past second-person singular)
likketh (present singular third-person)
likked (past singular third-person)
likke (present singular subjunctive)
likked (past singular subjunctive)
likke (imperative present singular)
likken (plural present)
likke (plural present)
likkeden (past plural)
likkede (past plural)
likketh (imperative plural present)
likke (imperative plural present)
likkynge (participle present)
likkende (participle present)
likked (participle past)
ylikked (participle past)
licke (alternative)
liken (alternative)

English: lick

Scots: lik

Yola: lick

From Old English liccian, from Proto-West Germanic *likkōn, from Proto-Germanic *likkōną.


staken

staken (infinitive)
to staken (infinitive)
stake (infinitive)
stake (first-person present singular)
staked (first-person past singular)
stakest (present second-person singular)
stakedest (past second-person singular)
staketh (present singular third-person)
staked (past singular third-person)
stake (present singular subjunctive)
staked (past singular subjunctive)
stake (imperative present singular)
staken (plural present)
stake (plural present)
stakeden (past plural)
stakede (past plural)
staketh (imperative plural present)
stake (imperative plural present)
stakynge (participle present)
stakende (participle present)
staked (participle past)
ystaked (participle past)
stake (alternative)
staiken (alternative)

English: stake

To add stakes to form a defensive perimeter.

(rare) To demarcate (often with stakes).

(rare) To thrust with a stabbing weapon.


daren

daren (third-person singular simple present dareeth, present participle dareende, dareynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle dareed)

dareeth (present singular third-person)
dareende (participle present)
dareynge (participle present)
dareed (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
darien (alternative Early-Middle-English)
dearien (alternative Early-Middle-English)
deren (alternative Early-Middle-English)

English: dare


neden

neden (infinitive)
to neden (infinitive)
nede (infinitive)
nede (first-person present singular)
neded (first-person past singular)
nedest (present second-person singular)
nededest (past second-person singular)
nedeth (present singular third-person)
neded (past singular third-person)
nede (present singular subjunctive)
neded (past singular subjunctive)
nede (imperative present singular)
neden (plural present)
nede (plural present)
nededen (past plural)
nedede (past plural)
nedeth (imperative plural present)
nede (imperative plural present)
nedynge (participle present)
nedende (participle present)
neded (participle past)
yneded (participle past)
nede (alternative)
niede (alternative)


neden

neden (infinitive)
to neden (infinitive)
nede (infinitive)
nede (first-person present singular)
neded (first-person past singular)
nedest (present second-person singular)
nededest (past second-person singular)
nedeth (present singular third-person)
neded (past singular third-person)
nede (present singular subjunctive)
neded (past singular subjunctive)
nede (imperative present singular)
neden (plural present)
nede (plural present)
nededen (past plural)
nedede (past plural)
nedeth (imperative plural present)
nede (imperative plural present)
nedynge (participle present)
nedende (participle present)
neded (participle past)
yneded (participle past)
neid (alternative)
nede (alternative)

English: need

Yola: needeth (preterite)


tep

alternative form of tappen (“to touch gently”)


envien

envien (infinitive)
to envien (infinitive)
envie (infinitive)
envie (first-person present singular)
envied (first-person past singular)
enviest (present second-person singular)
enviedest (past second-person singular)
envieth (present singular third-person)
envied (past singular third-person)
envie (present singular subjunctive)
envied (past singular subjunctive)
envie (imperative present singular)
envien (plural present)
envie (plural present)
envieden (past plural)
enviede (past plural)
envieth (imperative plural present)
envie (imperative plural present)
enviynge (participle present)
enviende (participle present)
envied (participle past)
envye (alternative)

English: envy

Scots: envy

From Old French envier, from Medieval Latin invidiō, invidiāre, alteration of Latin invideō; equivalent to envie + -en (infinitival suffix).

(rare) To be hostile; to anger (another).


envien

English: envy (obsolete)

From Old French envier, from Latin invitō, invitāre.


bicaren

bicaren (third-person singular simple present bicareth, present participle bicarende, bicarynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle bicared)

bicareth (present singular third-person)
bicarende (participle present)
bicarynge (participle present)
bicared (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)

English: becare

From bi- + caren, carien (“to care”). More at be-, care.

(transitive) To care or worry about; be concerned or anxious about.


iblessed

From Old English ġeblēdsod, past participle of Old English blēdsian.


weven

weven (infinitive)
to weven (infinitive)
weve (infinitive)
weve (first-person present singular)
wev (first-person past singular)
wof (first-person past singular)
wevest (present second-person singular)
wafe (past second-person singular)
wove (past second-person singular)
wev (past second-person singular)
wof (past second-person singular)
weveth (present singular third-person)
wev (past singular third-person)
wof (past singular third-person)
weve (present singular subjunctive)
wafe (past singular subjunctive)
wove (past singular subjunctive)
weve (imperative present singular)
weven (plural present)
weve (plural present)
wafen (past plural)
wafe (past plural)
woven (past plural)
wove (past plural)
weveth (imperative plural present)
weve (imperative plural present)
wevynge (participle present)
wevende (participle present)
weven (participle past)
weve (participle past)
woven (participle past)
wove (participle past)
yweven (participle past)
yweve (participle past)
ueve (alternative)
wefe (alternative)
weve (alternative)
wevyn (alternative)
wewen (alternative)
wyven (alternative)

English: weave

Scots: weave, wyve

Inherited from Old English wefan. The past forms are sometimes influenced by Old Norse vefa.

To interlace; to weave:
To weave (interlace thread).

To interlace; to weave:
To make a spiderweb or cobweb.

To interlace; to weave:
To interlace sticks (into a structure).


weven

weven (infinitive)
to weven (infinitive)
weve (infinitive)
weve (first-person present singular)
weved (first-person past singular)
wevest (present second-person singular)
wevedest (past second-person singular)
weveth (present singular third-person)
weved (past singular third-person)
weve (present singular subjunctive)
weved (past singular subjunctive)
weve (imperative present singular)
weven (plural present)
weve (plural present)
weveden (past plural)
wevede (past plural)
weveth (imperative plural present)
weve (imperative plural present)
wevynge (participle present)
wevende (participle present)
weved (participle past)
yweved (participle past)
wefe (alternative)
weve (alternative)

English: weave

From Old Norse veifa and Old English wǣfan, both ultimately from Proto-Germanic *waibijaną.

To cause to move; to disrupt something's position.


happenen

happenen (third-person singular simple present happeneth, present participle happenende, happenynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle happened)

happeneth (present singular third-person)
happenende (participle present)
happenynge (participle present)
happened (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
happenen (infinitive)
to happenen (infinitive)
happene (infinitive)
happene (first-person present singular)
happened (first-person past singular)
happenest (present second-person singular)
happenedest (past second-person singular)
happeneth (present singular third-person)
happened (past singular third-person)
happene (present singular subjunctive)
happened (past singular subjunctive)
happene (imperative present singular)
happenen (plural present)
happene (plural present)
happeneden (past plural)
happenede (past plural)
happeneth (imperative plural present)
happene (imperative plural present)
happenynge (participle present)
happenende (participle present)
happened (participle past)
yhappened (participle past)
hapnen (alternative)

English: happen

Yola: ee-happen'd (ppl.)


feden

feden (third-person singular simple present fedeth, present participle fedynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative fedde, past participle fed)

fedeth (present singular third-person)
fedynge (participle present)
fedde (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
fed (participle past)
feden (infinitive)
to feden (infinitive)
fede (infinitive)
fede (first-person present singular)
fedde (first-person past singular)
fedest (present second-person singular)
feddest (past second-person singular)
fedeth (present singular third-person)
fedde (past singular third-person)
fede (present singular subjunctive)
fedde (past singular subjunctive)
fede (imperative present singular)
feden (plural present)
fede (plural present)
fedden (past plural)
fedde (past plural)
fedeth (imperative plural present)
fede (imperative plural present)
fedynge (participle present)
fedende (participle present)
fed (participle past)
yfed (participle past)
fedenn (alternative)
fede (alternative)
feede (alternative)
ffede (alternative)
fiede (alternative)
veden (alternative)

English: feed

Scots: fede, feid

From Old English fēdan, from Proto-West Germanic *fōdijan, from Proto-Germanic *fōdijaną, from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂- (“to guard, graze, feed”).

der

to provide for; to maintain (oneself or others):

to satisfy or comfort (spiritually, emotionally)

to provide (someone) with a (positive) emotion


tracen

tracen (infinitive)
to tracen (infinitive)
trace (infinitive)
trace (first-person present singular)
traced (first-person past singular)
tracest (present second-person singular)
tracedest (past second-person singular)
traceth (present singular third-person)
traced (past singular third-person)
trace (present singular subjunctive)
traced (past singular subjunctive)
trace (imperative present singular)
tracen (plural present)
trace (plural present)
traceden (past plural)
tracede (past plural)
traceth (imperative plural present)
trace (imperative plural present)
tracynge (participle present)
tracende (participle present)
traced (participle past)
ytraced (participle past)
trace (alternative)
tras (alternative)
tracyn (alternative)

English: trace

Borrowed from Old French tracer, tracier, from Vulgar Latin *tractiō; equivalent to trace + -en (infinitival suffix).

To go along a set route; to follow an itinerary or planned route.

To walk towards a moving thing; to be following someone or something.

To track or trace something; to find a moving thing.

To participate in dancing or footwork; to move one's feet rhythmically.

(rare) To find out or research something; to think about something.

(rare) To trace an object; to draw something based on an outline.

(rare) To embellish; to ornament or spread something.


muren

muren (infinitive)
to muren (infinitive)
mure (infinitive)
mure (first-person present singular)
mured (first-person past singular)
murest (present second-person singular)
muredest (past second-person singular)
mureth (present singular third-person)
mured (past singular third-person)
mure (present singular subjunctive)
mured (past singular subjunctive)
mure (imperative present singular)
muren (plural present)
mure (plural present)
mureden (past plural)
murede (past plural)
mureth (imperative plural present)
mure (imperative plural present)
murynge (participle present)
murende (participle present)
mured (participle past)
mewren (alternative)

English: mure

Borrowed from Middle French murer, from Old French murer, from Late Latin mūrō, mūrāre.

(Late Middle English) To enclose or surround; to wall in.


gesten

gesten (infinitive)
to gesten (infinitive)
geste (infinitive)
geste (first-person present singular)
gested (first-person past singular)
gestest (present second-person singular)
gestedest (past second-person singular)
gesteth (present singular third-person)
gested (past singular third-person)
geste (present singular subjunctive)
gested (past singular subjunctive)
geste (imperative present singular)
gesten (plural present)
geste (plural present)
gesteden (past plural)
gestede (past plural)
gesteth (imperative plural present)
geste (imperative plural present)
gestynge (participle present)
gestende (participle present)
gested (participle past)
ygested (participle past)
geste (alternative)
gest (alternative)

English: guest

From gest (“guest”) + -en (infinitival suffix).

af

(rare) To host a guest, provide hospitality.


gesten

gesten (infinitive)
to gesten (infinitive)
geste (infinitive)
geste (first-person present singular)
gested (first-person past singular)
gestest (present second-person singular)
gestedest (past second-person singular)
gesteth (present singular third-person)
gested (past singular third-person)
geste (present singular subjunctive)
gested (past singular subjunctive)
geste (imperative present singular)
gesten (plural present)
geste (plural present)
gesteden (past plural)
gestede (past plural)
gesteth (imperative plural present)
geste (imperative plural present)
gestynge (participle present)
gestende (participle present)
gested (participle past)
ygested (participle past)
geste (alternative)
gest (alternative)
geest (alternative)
gestyn (alternative)

English: gest

From geste (“tale”) + -en (infinitival suffix).


gesten

alternative form of gestenen (“to lodge”)


beren

enm-verb

beren (third-person singular simple present bereth, present participle berynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative bar, past participle born)

bereth (present singular third-person)
berynge (participle present)
bar (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
born (participle past)
beren (infinitive)
to beren (infinitive)
bere (infinitive)
bere (first-person present singular)
bar (first-person past singular)
ber (first-person past singular)
berest (present second-person singular)
bere (past second-person singular)
bare (past second-person singular)
bar (past second-person singular)
ber (past second-person singular)
bereth (present singular third-person)
bar (past singular third-person)
ber (past singular third-person)
bere (present singular subjunctive)
bere (past singular subjunctive)
bare (past singular subjunctive)
bere (imperative present singular)
beren (plural present)
bere (plural present)
beren (past plural)
bere (past plural)
baren (past plural)
bare (past plural)
bereth (imperative plural present)
bere (imperative plural present)
berynge (participle present)
berende (participle present)
boren (participle past)
bore (participle past)
yboren (participle past)
ybore (participle past)
beoren (alternative)
bearen (alternative)
baren (alternative)

English: bear

Scots: bere, beir

Yola: ber, baar

From Old English beran, from Proto-West Germanic *beran.


heren

hẹ̄ren (canonical)
her (alternative)
here (alternative)
heiren (alternative)
eren (alternative)
heræn (alternative)
heri (alternative)
ȝere (alternative)
hearen (alternative)
hæren (alternative)
har (alternative)
heoren (alternative)
hiren (alternative)
hieren (alternative)
huren (alternative)
huiren (alternative)
hẹ̄rest (alternative)
hẹ̄res (alternative)
hūrest (alternative)
herst (alternative)
harste (alternative)
hierst (alternative)
hẹ̄reth (alternative)
hẹ̄res (alternative)
hīreth (alternative)
hiereth (alternative)
hūreth (alternative)
huireth (alternative)
hers (alternative)
hirs (alternative)
hierth (alternative)
hẹ̄ren (alternative)
hẹ̄reth (alternative)
hers (alternative)
hæreth (alternative)
heoreth (alternative)
hīreth (alternative)
hiereth (alternative)
hūreth (alternative)
hē̮rd (alternative)
hē̮rde (alternative)
hẹ̮̄red (alternative)
hẹ̮̄rede (alternative)
hærde (alternative)
hā̮rd (alternative)
hā̮rde (alternative)
heorde (alternative)
heorda (alternative)
hī̮rde (alternative)
hū̮rde (alternative)
huirde (alternative)
hē̮rd (alternative)
hē̮rde (alternative)
hẹ̮̄red (alternative)
ẹ̮̄rde (alternative)
hā̮rd (alternative)
hā̮rde (alternative)
hā̮rden (alternative)
heord (alternative)
heorde (alternative)
hū̮rde (alternative)

English: hear

Scots: her, hear

Yola: hert (preterite)

From Old English hēran, hīeran, hȳran (“to hear”).

[A]nd so bifore alle othir men I chees wilfulli to be enformed bi hem and of hem, and speciali of Wiclef himsilf, as of the moost vertuous and goodlich wise man that I herde of owhere either knew.

1407, The Testimony of William Thorpe, pages 40–41:


donen

alternative form of dynen (“to resound”)


hiede

(Early Middle English) alternative form of yede: simple past singular of gon (“to go”)


hiede

alternative form of hied: simple past/past participle of hien (“to move quickly”)


nilt

Geoffrey Chaucer, Troilus and Criseyde, http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/257,
Why nilt thy-selven helpen doon redresse, / And with thy manhod letten al this grame? / Go ravisshe hir ne canstow not for shame!

(modal auxiliary) Will not: form of nill


hure

(West Midlands) alternative form of hiren (“to hire”)


kneden

kneden (third-person singular simple present knedeth, present participle knedynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative knad, past participle kneden)

knedeth (present singular third-person)
knedynge (participle present)
knad (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
kneden (participle past)
kneden (infinitive)
to kneden (infinitive)
knede (infinitive)
knede (first-person present singular)
knad (first-person past singular)
knedde (first-person past singular)
knedest (present second-person singular)
knede (past second-person singular)
knad (past second-person singular)
kneddest (past second-person singular)
knedeth (present singular third-person)
knad (past singular third-person)
knedde (past singular third-person)
knede (present singular subjunctive)
knede (past singular subjunctive)
knedde (past singular subjunctive)
knede (imperative present singular)
kneden (plural present)
knede (plural present)
kneden (past plural)
knede (past plural)
knedden (past plural)
knedde (past plural)
knedeth (imperative plural present)
knede (imperative plural present)
knedynge (participle present)
knedende (participle present)
knoden (participle past)
yknoden (participle past)
knode (participle past)
yknode (participle past)
kneden (participle past)
ykneden (participle past)
knede (participle past)
yknede (participle past)
kned (participle past)
ykned (participle past)
cnede (alternative)
knede (alternative)

English: knead

Scots: kned

From Old English cnedan, from Proto-West Germanic *knedan, from Proto-Germanic *knudaną.

To knead; to blend together into a conglomeration.

(rare) To knead as to compress or squash; to mix together.


dwalen

dwalen (infinitive)
to dwalen (infinitive)
dwale (infinitive)
dwale (first-person present singular)
dwaled (first-person past singular)
dwalest (present second-person singular)
dwaledest (past second-person singular)
dwaleth (present singular third-person)
dwaled (past singular third-person)
dwale (present singular subjunctive)
dwaled (past singular subjunctive)
dwale (imperative present singular)
dwalen (plural present)
dwale (plural present)
dwaleden (past plural)
dwalede (past plural)
dwaleth (imperative plural present)
dwale (imperative plural present)
dwalynge (participle present)
dwalende (participle present)
dwaled (participle past)
ydwaled (participle past)
duale (alternative)
dwalien (alternative)

>? English: dwale, dwall

>? Scots: dwall

From Old English dwalian, from Proto-West Germanic *dwalōn, from Proto-Germanic *dwalōną; equivalent to dwale + -en (“infinitival suffix”).


schoven

schoven (infinitive)
to schoven (infinitive)
schove (infinitive)
schove (first-person present singular)
schef (first-person past singular)
schof (first-person past singular)
schoved (first-person past singular)
schovest (present second-person singular)
schove (past second-person singular)
schef (past second-person singular)
schof (past second-person singular)
schovedest (past second-person singular)
schoveth (present singular third-person)
schef (past singular third-person)
schof (past singular third-person)
schoved (past singular third-person)
schove (present singular subjunctive)
schove (past singular subjunctive)
schoved (past singular subjunctive)
schove (imperative present singular)
schoven (plural present)
schove (plural present)
schoven (past plural)
schove (past plural)
schoveden (past plural)
schovede (past plural)
schoveth (imperative plural present)
schove (imperative plural present)
schovynge (participle present)
schovende (participle present)
schoven (participle past)
schove (participle past)
schoved (participle past)
yschoven (participle past)
yschove (participle past)
yschoved (participle past)
shoven (alternative)
schouven (alternative)
scheven (alternative)
scheve (alternative)
schovyn (alternative)
showve (alternative)
scheove (alternative)
schwve (alternative)
schowve (alternative)
schouve (alternative)
schove (alternative)
scuven (alternative Early-Middle-English)

English: shove

Scots: shuve

From Old English sċūfan, sċēofan (the latter is the ancestor of the variant scheven) from Proto-Germanic *skeubaną, *skūbaną.

To shove; to move (often forcibly) by direct physical force:

To shove to the ground; to knock down or over.

To stab or impale; to move a weapon into something.

To force from something; to remove forcibly or unwillingly:

To move weather or atmospheric conditions.

To enter or go somewhere (often when facing resistance)

(rare) To decline or refuse to accept (or continue accepting).

(rare) To promote or improve one's standings.

(rare) To crawl or mill about as a crowd.


sparren

sparen (infinitive)
to sparen (infinitive)
spare (infinitive)
spare (first-person present singular)
spared (first-person past singular)
sparde (first-person past singular)
sparest (present second-person singular)
sparedest (past second-person singular)
spardest (past second-person singular)
spareth (present singular third-person)
spared (past singular third-person)
sparde (past singular third-person)
spare (present singular subjunctive)
spared (past singular subjunctive)
sparde (past singular subjunctive)
spare (imperative present singular)
sparen (plural present)
spare (plural present)
spareden (past plural)
sparede (past plural)
sparden (past plural)
sparde (past plural)
spareth (imperative plural present)
spare (imperative plural present)
sparynge (participle present)
sparende (participle present)
spared (participle past)
spard (participle past)
spar (alternative)
sparre (alternative)
spare (alternative)
sper (alternative)
spere (alternative)
speryn (alternative)

English: spar

Scots: spar

From Middle Dutch and Middle Low German sperren, alongside Old English gesparrian; ultimately from Proto-West Germanic *sparrijan, from Proto-Germanic *sparrijaną.

To close (to make closed):
To lock; to bolt up.

To close (to make closed):
To buckle; to clasp up.

To close (to make closed):
To block; to seal up.

To hide or secrete; to store away:
To confine; to imprison.

To hide or secrete; to store away:
To exclude; to expel.


sparren

sparen (infinitive)
to sparen (infinitive)
spare (infinitive)
spare (first-person present singular)
spared (first-person past singular)
sparde (first-person past singular)
sparest (present second-person singular)
sparedest (past second-person singular)
spardest (past second-person singular)
spareth (present singular third-person)
spared (past singular third-person)
sparde (past singular third-person)
spare (present singular subjunctive)
spared (past singular subjunctive)
sparde (past singular subjunctive)
spare (imperative present singular)
sparen (plural present)
spare (plural present)
spareden (past plural)
sparede (past plural)
sparden (past plural)
sparde (past plural)
spareth (imperative plural present)
spare (imperative plural present)
sparynge (participle present)
sparende (participle present)
spared (participle past)
spard (participle past)
sperren (alternative)

English: spar

From Old English sperran, spirran, spyrran, of unknown ultimate origin, perhaps related to Old Norse sperrask (“to kick out”). Or, a romance borrowing, from Middle French esparer (“to kick”), from old Italian sparare (“to fling”).


begynne

And than we wyll begynne at the pawne whiche standeth to fore the rooke on the right side of the kinge for as moche as this pawne apperteyneth to serue the vicaire or lieutenant of the kynge and other officers vnder hym of necessaryes of vitayll/

1474, Caxton, Game and Playe of the Chesse:


teer

alternative form of teren (“to ruin by removing or splitting”)


glasen

glasen (infinitive)
to glasen (infinitive)
glase (infinitive)
glase (first-person present singular)
glased (first-person past singular)
glasest (present second-person singular)
glasedest (past second-person singular)
glaseth (present singular third-person)
glased (past singular third-person)
glase (present singular subjunctive)
glased (past singular subjunctive)
glase (imperative present singular)
glasen (plural present)
glase (plural present)
glaseden (past plural)
glasede (past plural)
glaseth (imperative plural present)
glase (imperative plural present)
glasynge (participle present)
glasende (participle present)
glased (participle past)
yglased (participle past)
glace (alternative)
glacyn (alternative)
glasyn (alternative)
glaysse (alternative)

English: glaze

To coat ceramics in a layer of transparent coating.


hoken

hoken (infinitive)
to hoken (infinitive)
hoke (infinitive)
hoke (first-person present singular)
hoked (first-person past singular)
hokest (present second-person singular)
hokedest (past second-person singular)
hoketh (present singular third-person)
hoked (past singular third-person)
hoke (present singular subjunctive)
hoked (past singular subjunctive)
hoke (imperative present singular)
hoken (plural present)
hoke (plural present)
hokeden (past plural)
hokede (past plural)
hoketh (imperative plural present)
hoke (imperative plural present)
hokynge (participle present)
hokende (participle present)
hoked (participle past)
yhoked (participle past)
huke (alternative Northern)
hwke (alternative Northern)
hucke (alternative Northern)

English: hook

Yola: huck, huch


verye

Ihesu Crist and seint Benedight Blesse this hous from euery wikked wight

c.1386: Geoffrey Chaucer, The Miller’s Tale, lines 298–299

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

For nyghtes uerye the white pater noster.

(meaning obscure) element of an incantation


weren

English: were (obsolete wern, weren)

From a conflation of Old English wǣron, the plural indicative past of wesan (from Proto-Germanic *wēzun, the third-person plural indicative past of *wesaną) and Old English wǣren, the plural subjunctive past of wesan (from Proto-Germanic *wēzīn, the third-person plural subjunctive past of *wesaną).

were (alternative)
wern (alternative)
weryn (alternative)
waren (alternative)
warn (alternative)
worn (alternative)
woren (alternative)

And rafte was youre riott and rest, for youre daiez weren wikkid[…]

Whan these thre kynges weren abedde and at her ese that nyght, the storye seith that they lay till on the morn that thei ronge to messe right erly, for it was a litill afore Halowmesse.

And thanne he seide to other folkes that thei shulde seye somme goode thinges for to recomforte the lordes and the people, which werne in grete trouble as for the deth of the moste noble kinge that ever was.

c. 1450, The Dicts and Sayings of the Philosophers:

plural past indicative/subjunctive of been


weren

weren (third-person singular simple present wereth, present participle werende, werynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle wered)

wereth (present singular third-person)
werende (participle present)
werynge (participle present)
wered (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
weren (infinitive)
to weren (infinitive)
were (infinitive)
were (first-person present singular)
wered (first-person past singular)
war (first-person past singular)
wer (first-person past singular)
werest (present second-person singular)
weredest (past second-person singular)
were (past second-person singular)
ware (past second-person singular)
war (past second-person singular)
wer (past second-person singular)
wereth (present singular third-person)
wered (past singular third-person)
war (past singular third-person)
wer (past singular third-person)
were (present singular subjunctive)
wered (past singular subjunctive)
were (past singular subjunctive)
ware (past singular subjunctive)
were (imperative present singular)
weren (plural present)
were (plural present)
wereden (past plural)
werede (past plural)
weren (past plural)
were (past plural)
waren (past plural)
ware (past plural)
wereth (imperative plural present)
were (imperative plural present)
werynge (participle present)
werende (participle present)
wered (participle past)
ywered (participle past)
wern (alternative)
werien (alternative)
veren (alternative)

English: wear

Scots: were, weir

Yola: waare

From Old English werian. Strong forms are analogical to beren, teren, etc.


ise

ise (third-person singular simple present isiþ, present participle iseinge, first-/third-person singular past indicative iseiȝ, past participle iseien)

isiþ (present singular third-person)
iseinge (participle present)
iseiȝ (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
iseien (participle past)

From Old English ġesēon (“to see, perceive, experience, suffer”), from Proto-Germanic *gasehwaną, equivalent to i- + se (“to see”).


manken

manken (infinitive)
to manken (infinitive)
manke (infinitive)
manke (first-person present singular)
manked (first-person past singular)
mankest (present second-person singular)
mankedest (past second-person singular)
manketh (present singular third-person)
manked (past singular third-person)
manke (present singular subjunctive)
manked (past singular subjunctive)
manke (imperative present singular)
manken (plural present)
manke (plural present)
mankeden (past plural)
mankede (past plural)
manketh (imperative plural present)
manke (imperative plural present)
mankynge (participle present)
mankende (participle present)
manked (participle past)
ymanked (participle past)

English: mank

From Old English mancian, bemancian (“to maim, mutilate”), of obscure origin. Cognate with Middle Low German mank (“lame, defective”), Dutch mank (“lame, defective”), and Middle High German manc (“lack, defect”). Perhaps from Vulgar Latin *mancāre, from Latin mancus (“maimed, crippled, frail, incomplete”), from Proto-Indo-European *mank-, *menk- (“maimed, mutilation, torment”).


byen

byen (infinitive)
to byen (infinitive)
bye (infinitive)
bye (first-person present singular)
boghte (first-person past singular)
byest (present second-person singular)
boghtest (past second-person singular)
byeth (present singular third-person)
boghte (past singular third-person)
bye (present singular subjunctive)
boghte (past singular subjunctive)
bye (imperative present singular)
byen (plural present)
bye (plural present)
boghten (past plural)
boghte (past plural)
byeth (imperative plural present)
bye (imperative plural present)
byynge (participle present)
byende (participle present)
boght (participle past)
yboght (participle past)
bien (alternative)
biggen (alternative)
buggen (alternative)

English: buy

Scots: by

Yola: bidge

From Old English bycġan, from Proto-West Germanic *buggjan.


musen

musen (infinitive)
to musen (infinitive)
muse (infinitive)
muse (first-person present singular)
mused (first-person past singular)
musest (present second-person singular)
musedest (past second-person singular)
museth (present singular third-person)
mused (past singular third-person)
muse (present singular subjunctive)
mused (past singular subjunctive)
muse (imperative present singular)
musen (plural present)
muse (plural present)
museden (past plural)
musede (past plural)
museth (imperative plural present)
muse (imperative plural present)
musynge (participle present)
musende (participle present)
mused (participle past)
mewse (alternative)
mose (alternative)
moyse (alternative)
muse (alternative)
musyn (alternative)
mwse (alternative)
musi (alternative)
muzi (alternative)

English: muse

Scots: muse

From Old French muser, of uncertain further origin.

(ambitransitive) To muse; to ponder:
(transitive) To muse upon an object.

To muse; to ponder:
To muse upon an object.

(ambitransitive) To muse; to ponder:
(ambitransitive) To wonder (at).

(intransitive, rare) To daydream; to be lost in thought.

To muse; to ponder:
To daydream; to be lost in thought.


renden

renden (infinitive)
to renden (infinitive)
rende (infinitive)
rende (first-person present singular)
rente (first-person past singular)
rendest (present second-person singular)
rentest (past second-person singular)
rendeth (present singular third-person)
rente (past singular third-person)
rende (present singular subjunctive)
rente (past singular subjunctive)
rende (imperative present singular)
renden (plural present)
rende (plural present)
renten (past plural)
rente (past plural)
rendeth (imperative plural present)
rende (imperative plural present)
rendynge (participle present)
rendende (participle present)
rent (participle past)
yrent (participle past)
rende (alternative)
ren (alternative)

English: rend

Scots: rend

Yola: runt, ee-runt, ee-rent (ppl.)

From Old English rendan, from Proto-West Germanic *randijan.


ræven

(Early Middle English) alternative form of reven


enen

enm-verb

enen (third-person singular simple present eneth, present participle enende, enynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle ened)

eneth (present singular third-person)
enende (participle present)
enynge (participle present)
ened (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
enen (infinitive)
to enen (infinitive)
ene (infinitive)
ene (first-person present singular)
ened (first-person past singular)
enest (present second-person singular)
enedest (past second-person singular)
eneth (present singular third-person)
ened (past singular third-person)
ene (present singular subjunctive)
ened (past singular subjunctive)
ene (imperative present singular)
enen (plural present)
ene (plural present)
eneden (past plural)
enede (past plural)
eneth (imperative plural present)
ene (imperative plural present)
enynge (participle present)
enende (participle present)
ened (participle past)
yened (participle past)
einde (alternative)
enyen (alternative)
enyn (alternative)

English: ean

Scots: eenie

Inherited from Old English ēanian, from Proto-West Germanic *aunōn, from Proto-Germanic *aunōną, from *aunaz (“lamb”).
Variants with /d/ are from reinterpretation of the past-tense suffix as part of the verbal stem (compare modern English lend, sound).

(rare, of livestock) To give birth; to yean.


wanten

wanten (third-person singular simple present wanteth, present participle wantende, wantynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle wanted)

wanteth (present singular third-person)
wantende (participle present)
wantynge (participle present)
wanted (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
wanten (infinitive)
to wanten (infinitive)
wante (infinitive)
wante (first-person present singular)
wanted (first-person past singular)
wantest (present second-person singular)
wantedest (past second-person singular)
wanteth (present singular third-person)
wanted (past singular third-person)
wante (present singular subjunctive)
wanted (past singular subjunctive)
wante (imperative present singular)
wanten (plural present)
wante (plural present)
wanteden (past plural)
wantede (past plural)
wanteth (imperative plural present)
wante (imperative plural present)
wantynge (participle present)
wantende (participle present)
wanted (participle past)
wante (alternative)
want (alternative Late-Middle-English)
wanton (alternative Late-Middle-English)
whante (alternative Late-Middle-English)
waunte (alternative Northern)
wauntte (alternative Northern)
wonte (alternative West-Midlands)
wonten (alternative West-Midlands)
wonti (alternative West-Midlands)
wontin (alternative West-Midlands)

English: want

Scots: want, wint, wunt

Yola: waant

Borrowed from Old Norse vanta (“to be lacking”), from Proto-Germanic *wanatōną.

bor+

(usually transitive) To lack; to not have:

To lack; to not have:
To require or need.

To lack; to not have:
To lose or be divested of.

(intransitive, rare) To be short of (an amount)

To lack; to not have:
To be short of (an amount)

(intransitive or impersonal) To be lacking or deficient [with to or for or dative pronoun]


faren

enm-verb

faren (third-person singular simple present fareth, present participle farynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative ferde, past participle ferd)

fareth (present singular third-person)
farynge (participle present)
ferde (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
ferd (participle past)
faren (infinitive)
to faren (infinitive)
fare (infinitive)
fare (first-person present singular)
for (first-person past singular)
ferde (first-person past singular)
farest (present second-person singular)
fore (past second-person singular)
for (past second-person singular)
ferdest (past second-person singular)
fareth (present singular third-person)
for (past singular third-person)
ferde (past singular third-person)
fare (present singular subjunctive)
fore (past singular subjunctive)
ferde (past singular subjunctive)
fare (imperative present singular)
faren (plural present)
fare (plural present)
foren (past plural)
fore (past plural)
ferden (past plural)
ferde (past plural)
fareth (imperative plural present)
fare (imperative plural present)
farynge (participle present)
farende (participle present)
faren (participle past)
fare (participle past)
ferd (participle past)
yfaren (participle past)
yfare (participle past)
yferd (participle past)
fare (alternative)
faryn (alternative)
feren (alternative)
ffare (alternative)
varen (alternative)
faran (alternative Early-Middle-English)
farenn (alternative Early-Middle-English)
fearen (alternative Early-Middle-English)

English: fare

Scots: fare

Originally two distinct verbs:
* Old English faran, from Proto-West Germanic *faran, from Proto-Germanic *faraną.
* Old English fēran, from Proto-West Germanic *fōrijan, from Proto-Germanic *fōrijaną.

To move, go or travel:
To depart or leave.

To move, go or travel:
To attack; to charge against.

(figurative) To die; to depart from the world.

To move, go or travel:
To die; to depart from the world.

Þu myhteſ faren al a dæiſ fare ſculdeſt thu neure finden man in tun ſittende · ne land tiled.

p. 1154, “AD 1137”, in Anglo-Saxon Chronicle (MS. Laud Misc. 636, continuation), Peterborough, folio 89, verso; republished at Oxford: Digital Bodleian, 2018 February 8:

You could go a whole day's journey, but you'd never find anyone in town or any tilled fields.

To act or behave:
To fare; to get along.

To act or behave:
To be hosted (as a guest).

To act or behave:
To result in; to turn out.

To proceed to do; to start or continue doing.


felten

felten (infinitive)
to felten (infinitive)
felte (infinitive)
felte (first-person present singular)
felted (first-person past singular)
feltest (present second-person singular)
feltedest (past second-person singular)
felteth (present singular third-person)
felted (past singular third-person)
felte (present singular subjunctive)
felted (past singular subjunctive)
felte (imperative present singular)
felten (plural present)
felte (plural present)
felteden (past plural)
feltede (past plural)
felteth (imperative plural present)
felte (imperative plural present)
feltynge (participle present)
feltende (participle present)
felted (participle past)
yfelted (participle past)

English: felt

To make something stick or be attached in a position.


schalen

schalen (infinitive)
to schalen (infinitive)
schale (infinitive)
schale (first-person present singular)
schaled (first-person past singular)
schalest (present second-person singular)
schaledest (past second-person singular)
schaleth (present singular third-person)
schaled (past singular third-person)
schale (present singular subjunctive)
schaled (past singular subjunctive)
schale (imperative present singular)
schalen (plural present)
schale (plural present)
schaleden (past plural)
schalede (past plural)
schaleth (imperative plural present)
schale (imperative plural present)
schalynge (participle present)
schalende (participle present)
schaled (participle past)
yschaled (participle past)
shale (alternative)

English: shale

Yola: shawl


halsen

halsed (past)
hawsid (past)
hals (alternative)
halse (alternative)
hallesyn (alternative)

English: halse

Middle Scots: hals, halse

Scots: hause

From hals (“neck”) + -en (infinitival suffix).


halsen

enm-verb

halsen (third-person singular simple present halseth, present participle halsende, halsynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle halsed)

halseth (present singular third-person)
halsende (participle present)
halsynge (participle present)
halsed (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
hals (alternative)
halse (alternative)
halsi (alternative)
halsiȝe (alternative)
halsien (alternative)
halsow (alternative)

English: halse

Middle Scots: hals, halse

Yola: hawlse

From Old English hālsian, healsian, from Proto-West Germanic *hailasōn, *hailison, from Proto-Germanic *hailisōną (“to greet; to beseech”).


gamen

gamen (infinitive)
to gamen (infinitive)
game (infinitive)
game (first-person present singular)
gamed (first-person past singular)
gamest (present second-person singular)
gamedest (past second-person singular)
gameth (present singular third-person)
gamed (past singular third-person)
game (present singular subjunctive)
gamed (past singular subjunctive)
game (imperative present singular)
gamen (plural present)
game (plural present)
gameden (past plural)
gamede (past plural)
gameth (imperative plural present)
game (imperative plural present)
gamynge (participle present)
gamende (participle present)
gamed (participle past)
ygamed (participle past)
game (alternative)
gamenen (alternative)
gamene (alternative)
gammen (alternative)
gamme (alternative)
gomeni (alternative)
gominen (alternative)
gomenin (alternative)
gamine (alternative)

English: gammon, game

Scots: gamin, gammyn, gamyn, game

Yola: gaame, gaume, gaaume

From Old English gæmnian, gamnian, gamenian; equivalent to and influenced by game + -en (infinitival suffix).

To entertain or enjoy oneself; to display happiness or joy.

To make entertained or joyful; to amuse or cheer up.

(rare) To have sex; to engage in sexual intercourse.


stangen

stangen (infinitive)
to stangen (infinitive)
stange (infinitive)
stange (first-person present singular)
stanged (first-person past singular)
stangest (present second-person singular)
stangedest (past second-person singular)
stangeth (present singular third-person)
stanged (past singular third-person)
stange (present singular subjunctive)
stanged (past singular subjunctive)
stange (imperative present singular)
stangen (plural present)
stange (plural present)
stangeden (past plural)
stangede (past plural)
stangeth (imperative plural present)
stange (imperative plural present)
stangynge (participle present)
stangende (participle present)
stanged (participle past)
ystanged (participle past)
stang (alternative)

English: stang

Scots: stang, staang

Borrowed from Old Norse stanga; equivalent to stang (“pole”) + -en (infinitival suffix).

af

(of animals) To bite; to attack with the jaw.

(rare, figurative) To ensnare or seduce.


toppen

toppen (infinitive)
to toppen (infinitive)
toppe (infinitive)
toppe (first-person present singular)
topped (first-person past singular)
toppest (present second-person singular)
toppedest (past second-person singular)
toppeth (present singular third-person)
topped (past singular third-person)
toppe (present singular subjunctive)
topped (past singular subjunctive)
toppe (imperative present singular)
toppen (plural present)
toppe (plural present)
toppeden (past plural)
toppede (past plural)
toppeth (imperative plural present)
toppe (imperative plural present)
toppynge (participle present)
toppende (participle present)
topped (participle past)
ytopped (participle past)
toppyn (alternative)

English: top

Scots: tap

(rare) To combat; to enter into conflict.

(rare, Late Middle English) To provide roofing; to give a roof.


veine

enm-verb

veine (third-person singular simple present veineth, present participle veinende, veinynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle veined)

veineth (present singular third-person)
veinende (participle present)
veinynge (participle present)
veined (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)

alternative form of waynen (“to transport via wagon”)


myren

myren (third-person singular simple present myreth, present participle myrende, myrynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle myred)

myreth (present singular third-person)
myrende (participle present)
myrynge (participle present)
myred (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
myren (infinitive)
to myren (infinitive)
myre (infinitive)
myre (first-person present singular)
myred (first-person past singular)
myrest (present second-person singular)
myredest (past second-person singular)
myreth (present singular third-person)
myred (past singular third-person)
myre (present singular subjunctive)
myred (past singular subjunctive)
myre (imperative present singular)
myren (plural present)
myre (plural present)
myreden (past plural)
myrede (past plural)
myreth (imperative plural present)
myre (imperative plural present)
myrynge (participle present)
myrende (participle present)
myred (participle past)
ymyred (participle past)
myre (alternative)

English: mire

Scots: mire

From mire (“mire”) + -en (infinitival suffix).

af

To confound or mire oneself (especially in a religious context).


knappen

knappen (infinitive)
to knappen (infinitive)
knappe (infinitive)
knappe (first-person present singular)
knapped (first-person past singular)
knappest (present second-person singular)
knappedest (past second-person singular)
knappeth (present singular third-person)
knapped (past singular third-person)
knappe (present singular subjunctive)
knapped (past singular subjunctive)
knappe (imperative present singular)
knappen (plural present)
knappe (plural present)
knappeden (past plural)
knappede (past plural)
knappeth (imperative plural present)
knappe (imperative plural present)
knappynge (participle present)
knappende (participle present)
knapped (participle past)
yknapped (participle past)

English: knap

From knappe (“strike”) + -en (infinitival suffix).

(transitive, rare) To hit; land a blow at.


bonden

bonden (infinitive)
to bonden (infinitive)
bonde (infinitive)
bonde (first-person present singular)
bonded (first-person past singular)
bondest (present second-person singular)
bondedest (past second-person singular)
bondeth (present singular third-person)
bonded (past singular third-person)
bonde (present singular subjunctive)
bonded (past singular subjunctive)
bonde (imperative present singular)
bonden (plural present)
bonde (plural present)
bondeden (past plural)
bondede (past plural)
bondeth (imperative plural present)
bonde (imperative plural present)
bondynge (participle present)
bondende (participle present)
bonded (participle past)
ybonded (participle past)
bond (alternative)

English: bond

Yola: ee-bond

(Late Middle English, hapax legomenon) To put in bonds, take prisoner.


freden

enm-verb

freden (third-person singular simple present fredeth, present participle fredynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative fredde, past participle fred)

fredeth (present singular third-person)
fredynge (participle present)
fredde (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
fred (participle past)
freden (infinitive)
to freden (infinitive)
frede (infinitive)
frede (first-person present singular)
fredde (first-person past singular)
fredest (present second-person singular)
freddest (past second-person singular)
fredeth (present singular third-person)
fredde (past singular third-person)
frede (present singular subjunctive)
fredde (past singular subjunctive)
frede (imperative present singular)
freden (plural present)
frede (plural present)
fredden (past plural)
fredde (past plural)
fredeth (imperative plural present)
frede (imperative plural present)
fredynge (participle present)
fredende (participle present)
fred (participle past)
yfred (participle past)
frede (alternative)

Inherited from Old English frēdan, from Proto-West Germanic *frōdijan, from Proto-Germanic *frōdijaną; compare *frod.

(ambitransitive) To experience a sensation or emotion.

(ambitransitive, rare) To learn or discover.


trynen

trynen (infinitive)
to trynen (infinitive)
tryne (infinitive)
tryne (first-person present singular)
tryned (first-person past singular)
tron (first-person past singular)
trynest (present second-person singular)
trynedest (past second-person singular)
trone (past second-person singular)
tron (past second-person singular)
tryneth (present singular third-person)
tryned (past singular third-person)
tron (past singular third-person)
tryne (present singular subjunctive)
tryned (past singular subjunctive)
trone (past singular subjunctive)
tryne (imperative present singular)
trynen (plural present)
tryne (plural present)
tryneden (past plural)
trynede (past plural)
tronen (past plural)
trone (past plural)
tryneth (imperative plural present)
tryne (imperative plural present)
trynynge (participle present)
trynende (participle present)
tryned (participle past)
ytryned (participle past)
trine (alternative)
tryne (alternative)

English: trine (obsolete)

From Old Norse; compare Old Swedish trina.


pennen

pennen (infinitive)
to pennen (infinitive)
penne (infinitive)
penne (first-person present singular)
penned (first-person past singular)
pennest (present second-person singular)
pennedest (past second-person singular)
penneth (present singular third-person)
penned (past singular third-person)
penne (present singular subjunctive)
penned (past singular subjunctive)
penne (imperative present singular)
pennen (plural present)
penne (plural present)
penneden (past plural)
pennede (past plural)
penneth (imperative plural present)
penne (imperative plural present)
pennynge (participle present)
pennende (participle present)
penned (participle past)
ypenned (participle past)

English: (to) pen

From Old English pennian (verb), penn (noun). See modern pen.


wol

English: won't


balken

balken (infinitive)
to balken (infinitive)
balke (infinitive)
balke (first-person present singular)
balked (first-person past singular)
balkest (present second-person singular)
balkedest (past second-person singular)
balketh (present singular third-person)
balked (past singular third-person)
balke (present singular subjunctive)
balked (past singular subjunctive)
balke (imperative present singular)
balken (plural present)
balke (plural present)
balkeden (past plural)
balkede (past plural)
balketh (imperative plural present)
balke (imperative plural present)
balkynge (participle present)
balkende (participle present)
balked (participle past)
ybalked (participle past)

English: balk

Yola: balke

to leave an unplowed ridge between furrows.


helte

alternative form of helded: simple past of helden (“to pour”)


fole

first-person singular present indicative

first/second/third-person singular present subjunctive


forken

forken (infinitive)
to forken (infinitive)
forke (infinitive)
forke (first-person present singular)
forked (first-person past singular)
forkest (present second-person singular)
forkedest (past second-person singular)
forketh (present singular third-person)
forked (past singular third-person)
forke (present singular subjunctive)
forked (past singular subjunctive)
forke (imperative present singular)
forken (plural present)
forke (plural present)
forkeden (past plural)
forkede (past plural)
forketh (imperative plural present)
forke (imperative plural present)
forkynge (participle present)
forkende (participle present)
forked (participle past)
yforked (participle past)

English: (to) fork

(intransitive) To fork, split, divide, separate (into distinct sections)

(intransitive, anatomical, rare, Late Middle English) To have a point or spike.


biggen

beggen (alternative)
buggen (alternative)

a. 1450, John Lydgate

Your house is built above the shining stars.

Thy place is bygged above the sterres clere


twisten

twisten (infinitive)
to twisten (infinitive)
twiste (infinitive)
twiste (first-person present singular)
twisted (first-person past singular)
twiste (first-person past singular)
twistest (present second-person singular)
twistedest (past second-person singular)
twistest (past second-person singular)
twisteth (present singular third-person)
twisted (past singular third-person)
twiste (past singular third-person)
twiste (present singular subjunctive)
twisted (past singular subjunctive)
twiste (past singular subjunctive)
twiste (imperative present singular)
twisten (plural present)
twiste (plural present)
twisteden (past plural)
twistede (past plural)
twisten (past plural)
twiste (past plural)
twisteth (imperative plural present)
twiste (imperative plural present)
twistynge (participle present)
twistende (participle present)
twisted (participle past)
twist (participle past)
ytwisted (participle past)
ytwist (participle past)
twiste (alternative)
twyst (alternative)

English: twist

Scots: twist


riden

riden (infinitive)
to riden (infinitive)
ride (infinitive)
ride (first-person present singular)
rod (first-person past singular)
ridest (present second-person singular)
rode (past second-person singular)
ride (past second-person singular)
rede (past second-person singular)
rod (past second-person singular)
rideth (present singular third-person)
rod (past singular third-person)
ride (present singular subjunctive)
rode (past singular subjunctive)
ride (past singular subjunctive)
rede (past singular subjunctive)
ride (imperative present singular)
riden (plural present)
ride (plural present)
roden (past plural)
rode (past plural)
riden (past plural)
ride (past plural)
reden (past plural)
rede (past plural)
rideth (imperative plural present)
ride (imperative plural present)
ridynge (participle present)
ridende (participle present)
riden (participle past)
yriden (participle past)
ride (participle past)
yride (participle past)
reden (participle past)
yreden (participle past)
rede (participle past)
yrede (participle past)
ridæn (alternative)
ridan (alternative)
ryden (alternative)
rydyn (alternative)
ride (alternative)
ryde (alternative)

English: ride

Scots: ride, ryde

From Old English rīdan, from Proto-West Germanic *rīdan, from Proto-Germanic *rīdaną.
Cognates include Middle Dutch riden, Middle Low German riden, and Old Swedish rīþa.

To ride on a mount; to move on an animal:

To lead or command on horseback; to serve at the head of a host.

To pillage or loot while on horseback; to maraud or raid.

To ride towards, on, or through a specific location.

To joust or tilt; to participate in jousting.

To ride in a parade; to march on horseback.

Gif tƿa men oþer ·iii· coman ridend to an tun · al þe tunſcipe flugæn foꝛ heom. ƿenden ð hi ƿæron ræuereſ.

If two or three men came riding into a town, the whole town ran away from them, concluding that they were robbers.

Toward Saluces / shapyng hir iourney / ffro day to day / they ryden in hir wey […]

1387–1400, [Geoffrey] Chaucer, “The [Clerkys] Tale [of Oxenford]”, in The Tales of Caunt́bury (Hengwrt Chaucer; Peniarth Manuscript 392D), Aberystwyth, Ceredigion: National Library of Wales, published [c. 1400–1410], →OCLC, folio 184, verso, lines 783-784:

Towards Saluzzo they make their journey, / From day to day they ride on their way […]

To use a vehicle or transport method other than a mount:

To ride in a wheeled vehicle or a palanquin.

To voyage or travel by water; to be on a vessel.

Womman is mannes ioye and al his blys / ffoꝛ whan I feele a nyght youre softe syde / al be it þᵗ I may nat on yow ryde / ffoꝛ þᵗ oure ꝑche is maad so narwe allas […]

1387–1400, [Geoffrey] Chaucer, “The Nonnes Preestes Tale of the Cok / and Hen / Chaũtecler ⁊ Ꝑtelote”, in The Tales of Caunt́bury (Hengwrt Chaucer; Peniarth Manuscript 392D), Aberystwyth, Ceredigion: National Library of Wales, published [c. 1400–1410], →OCLC, folio 103, verso, lines 3168-3169:

"Womankind is man's joy and all of his bliss". / As when I feel at night your soft side / Despite the fact that I can't on you ride / because our perch is made so narrow […]

(vulgar) To mount or mate; to undergo coitus with.

(of a vessel) To float; to set sail or move.

(rare, Late Middle English) To move, to slide towards.

(rare, Late Middle English) To sit on a stool or beam; to mount something as if it was a horse.

(rare, Late Middle English) To remain, to dwell.

(rare, Late Middle English) To undergo execution.


mouwen

alternative form of mowen (“to be able to”)


vreten

(Southern, Kent) alternative form of freten (“to eat”)


sporen

sporen (infinitive)
to sporen (infinitive)
spore (infinitive)
spore (first-person present singular)
spored (first-person past singular)
sporest (present second-person singular)
sporedest (past second-person singular)
sporeth (present singular third-person)
spored (past singular third-person)
spore (present singular subjunctive)
spored (past singular subjunctive)
spore (imperative present singular)
sporen (plural present)
spore (plural present)
sporeden (past plural)
sporede (past plural)
sporeth (imperative plural present)
spore (imperative plural present)
sporynge (participle present)
sporende (participle present)
spored (participle past)
yspored (participle past)
spuren (alternative)
spurren (alternative)
spore (alternative)
spurie (alternative)
sporie (alternative)

English: spur

Scots: spur


rusen

rusen (third-person singular simple present ruseth, present participle rusende, rusynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle rused)

ruseth (present singular third-person)
rusende (participle present)
rusynge (participle present)
rused (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
rusen (infinitive)
to rusen (infinitive)
ruse (infinitive)
ruse (first-person present singular)
rused (first-person past singular)
rusest (present second-person singular)
rusedest (past second-person singular)
ruseth (present singular third-person)
rused (past singular third-person)
ruse (present singular subjunctive)
rused (past singular subjunctive)
ruse (imperative present singular)
rusen (plural present)
ruse (plural present)
ruseden (past plural)
rusede (past plural)
ruseth (imperative plural present)
ruse (imperative plural present)
rusynge (participle present)
rusende (participle present)
rused (participle past)
yrused (participle past)
rousen (alternative)
ruse (alternative)
ruyse (alternative)

English: ruse

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman ruser, reuser; by surface analysis, ruse + -en (infinitival suffix).

surf

The mayſter hunte, anone fote hote / wyth his horne blewe thre mote / At the uncouplynge of hys houndes / wythin a whyle the herte founde is / Ihalowed, and rechaſed faſt / Longe tyme, and ſo at the laſt / Thys herte rouſed and ſtale awaye / Fro all the houndes a preuy waye

[c. 1368–1372 (date written), Geffray Chaucer [i.e., Geoffrey Chaucer], “The Dreame of Chaucer”, in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […] (in Middle English), [London: […] Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], published 1542, →OCLC, folio cclxviii, verso, column 2, lines 375–382:

The master hunter, anon foothot [at once without stopping] / with his horne blew three mote [notes] / At the uncoupling of his hounds / within a while the hart found is / Hallooed, and rechased fast / Long time, and so at the last / This hart rused and stole away / From all the hounds a privy way

(hunting) To turn to elude hunters or their hunting dogs.


ruden

enm-verb

ruden (third-person singular simple present rudeth, present participle rudende, rudynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle ruded)

rudeth (present singular third-person)
rudende (participle present)
rudynge (participle present)
ruded (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
ruden (infinitive)
to ruden (infinitive)
rude (infinitive)
rude (first-person present singular)
ruded (first-person past singular)
rudest (present second-person singular)
rudedest (past second-person singular)
rudeth (present singular third-person)
ruded (past singular third-person)
rude (present singular subjunctive)
ruded (past singular subjunctive)
rude (imperative present singular)
ruden (plural present)
rude (plural present)
rudeden (past plural)
rudede (past plural)
rudeth (imperative plural present)
rude (imperative plural present)
rudynge (participle present)
rudende (participle present)
ruded (participle past)
yruded (participle past)
rodye (alternative)

English: rud

Inherited from Old English rudian, from Proto-West Germanic *rodēn, *rudēn, from Proto-Germanic *rudāną, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rudʰéh₁ti; equivalent to rode (“ruddiness”) + -en (infinitival suffix). Compare rudnen.

af

(rare) To redden; to become or make red.


soden

English: sodden, sod

Scots: sodden

desc

Yola: zed (with the vowel from other forms)

From Old English soden, ġesoden, from Proto-West Germanic *sodan, *gasodan, from Proto-Germanic *sudanaz.

sodden (alternative)
sode (alternative)
ysode (alternative)
ysoden (alternative)


enden

enden (infinitive)
to enden (infinitive)
ende (infinitive)
ende (first-person present singular)
ended (first-person past singular)
endest (present second-person singular)
endedest (past second-person singular)
endeth (present singular third-person)
ended (past singular third-person)
ende (present singular subjunctive)
ended (past singular subjunctive)
ende (imperative present singular)
enden (plural present)
ende (plural present)
endeden (past plural)
endede (past plural)
endeth (imperative plural present)
ende (imperative plural present)
endynge (participle present)
endende (participle present)
ended (participle past)
yended (participle past)
endien (alternative)
andin (alternative)
endenn (alternative)
eenden (alternative)
ende (alternative)
eende (alternative)
end (alternative)
endi (alternative)
endie (alternative)
eendyn (alternative)

English: end

Scots: ende, end

From Old English endian; equivalent to ende + -en (infinitival suffix).

To come to an end, stop, or termination (usually of an era or event)

Of literary works; to end, to have no more chapters or pages.

(rare, Late Middle English) To be suffixed or inflected.

To complete or accomplish; to reach completion:

To construct or erect an edifice or structure.

To cause a behaviour, consequence, or effect.

(religion) To rule or have ultimate power; to realise.

(rare) To end, finish, or terminate (usually of an era or event)

(rare, philosophy) To be ended; to be finite or limited.

(rare, Late Middle English) To vanquish; to cause to die; to inflict fatal wounds.


upholden

enm-verb

upholden (third-person singular simple present upholdeth, present participle upholdynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative upheld, past participle upholden)

upholdeth (present singular third-person)
upholdynge (participle present)
upheld (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
upholden (participle past)
upholden (infinitive)
to upholden (infinitive)
upholde (infinitive)
upholde (first-person present singular)
upheld (first-person past singular)
upholdest (present second-person singular)
uphelde (past second-person singular)
upheld (past second-person singular)
upholdeth (present singular third-person)
upheld (past singular third-person)
upholde (present singular subjunctive)
uphelde (past singular subjunctive)
upholde (imperative present singular)
upholden (plural present)
upholde (plural present)
uphelden (past plural)
uphelde (past plural)
upholdeth (imperative plural present)
upholde (imperative plural present)
upholdynge (participle present)
upholdende (participle present)
upholden (participle past)
upholde (participle past)
up halde (alternative)
uphold (alternative)
upholde (alternative)
up-holde (alternative)
up halden (alternative Early-Middle-English)
uphald (alternative Northern)
up-halde (alternative Northern)

English: uphold

Middle Scots: uphald, uphalde

Scots: uphaud, up-haud

From up- + holden; compare Middle Dutch ophouden, Middle Low German upholden, Middle High German ûfhalten.

To support or sustain; to provide help to or for:

To subsidise or pay for; to give money to maintain.

(rare) To complete or bring about (an intent)

(rare) To confirm an assertion or claim.


kerven

kerven (infinitive)
to kerven (infinitive)
kerve (infinitive)
kerve (first-person present singular)
carf (first-person past singular)
kervest (present second-person singular)
curve (past second-person singular)
corve (past second-person singular)
carf (past second-person singular)
kerveth (present singular third-person)
carf (past singular third-person)
kerve (present singular subjunctive)
curve (past singular subjunctive)
corve (past singular subjunctive)
kerve (imperative present singular)
kerven (plural present)
kerve (plural present)
curven (past plural)
curve (past plural)
corven (past plural)
corve (past plural)
kerveth (imperative plural present)
kerve (imperative plural present)
kervynge (participle present)
kervende (participle present)
corven (participle past)
corve (participle past)
ycorven (participle past)
ycorve (participle past)
carve (alternative)
carven (alternative)
cerven (alternative)
karven (alternative)
kerve (alternative)
kirven (alternative)
kyrvyn (alternative)
ceorfan (alternative Early-Middle-English)
ceorfæn (alternative Early-Middle-English)
keorven (alternative Early-Middle-English)

English: carve

Scots: cairve, kerve, kerf, carf

From Old English ċeorfan, from Proto-West Germanic *kerban, from Proto-Germanic *kerbaną.
The total depalatalization of most forms seems to have arisen from analogy to past plural curven and past participle corven; compare cherven.

To cut or stab; to slash as to cause cutting or stabbing:

To cut into; to slice (especially meat).

To make surgical incisions or perform surgical operations.

To remove or expel by cutting off or out.

To carve; to carve into or in the likeness of.


herbergen

herbergen (third-person singular simple present herbergeth, present participle herbergende, herbergynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle herberged)

herbergeth (present singular third-person)
herbergende (participle present)
herbergynge (participle present)
herberged (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
herbergen (infinitive)
to herbergen (infinitive)
herberge (infinitive)
herberge (first-person present singular)
herberged (first-person past singular)
herbergest (present second-person singular)
herbergedest (past second-person singular)
herbergeth (present singular third-person)
herberged (past singular third-person)
herberge (present singular subjunctive)
herberged (past singular subjunctive)
herberge (imperative present singular)
herbergen (plural present)
herberge (plural present)
herbergeden (past plural)
herbergede (past plural)
herbergeth (imperative plural present)
herberge (imperative plural present)
herbergynge (participle present)
herbergende (participle present)
herberged (participle past)
yherberged (participle past)
herbigen (alternative)

English: harbinge (obsolete)

Apparently a back-formation from herberjour.


herbergen

(Early Middle English) alternative form of herberwen


beote

(Early Middle English) alternative form of beten (“to fix”)


hoten

head

hoten (third-person sg present hatte or hot, present participle hotende or hotynge, third-person sg preterite hight or heet, past participle (y)hote(n))

hatte (present singular third-person)
hot (present singular third-person)
hotende (participle present)
hotynge (participle present)
hight (preterite singular third-person)
heet (preterite singular third-person)
(y)hote(n) (participle past)
hoaten (alternative)
haten (alternative)

English: hote, hight

Scots: hate, hait

From Old English hātan (“to command, call promise”). More at hight, hest, behest.

der

Therin wonneth a wyght that Wronge is Ihote / Father of falſhead, and founded it him ſelfe / Adam and Eue he egged to yll, / Councelled Cayne to kyll his brother

c. 1370–1390, [William Langland], “Passus primus de visione”, in The Vision of Pierce Plowman [...], London: […] Roberte Crowley, […], published 1550, →OCLC, folio v, verso:

Therein dwells a creature that Wrong is named, / Father of falsehood, and founded it himself. / Adam and Eve he egged to ill, / Counselled Cain to kill his brother


alinen

enm-verb

alinen (third-person singular simple present alineth, present participle alinende, alinynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle alined)

alineth (present singular third-person)
alinende (participle present)
alinynge (participle present)
alined (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
alynen (alternative)

From Middle French aligner, from Old French alignier.

She [-wolf] shal not be alyned withe noon of þe wolfes safe with on ... Þan þei goo a grete waye thennes and ther he alyned hure.


alinen

c. 1350, William of Shoreham, Poems of William of Shoreham
Hi beeþe eke atte fount Mid oylle and creyme alyned.


lenden

lenden (infinitive)
to lenden (infinitive)
lende (infinitive)
lende (first-person present singular)
lente (first-person past singular)
lende (first-person past singular)
lendest (present second-person singular)
lentest (past second-person singular)
lendest (past second-person singular)
lendeth (present singular third-person)
lente (past singular third-person)
lende (past singular third-person)
lende (present singular subjunctive)
lente (past singular subjunctive)
lende (past singular subjunctive)
lende (imperative present singular)
lenden (plural present)
lende (plural present)
lenten (past plural)
lente (past plural)
lenden (past plural)
lende (past plural)
lendeth (imperative plural present)
lende (imperative plural present)
lendynge (participle present)
lendende (participle present)
lent (participle past)
lend (participle past)
ylent (participle past)
ylend (participle past)
leende (alternative)
leind (alternative)
lend (alternative)
lende (alternative)
lendyn (alternative)
leynd (alternative)
leynde (alternative)
lyende (alternative)
lynde (alternative)

From Old English lendan, from Proto-West Germanic *landijan, from Proto-Germanic *landijaną; compare londen.

To come; to go near:
To arrive; to reach one's destination.

To come; to go near:
To arrive at shore; to land.

To come; to go near:
To come together; to come to another.

To come; to go near:
To come upon; to light upon.

To live (in a condition); to pursue (an occupation).

To dwell, stay; to make accommodation:
(usually negated) To wait; to stay put.

To dwell, stay; to make accommodation:
To wait; to stay put.

To settle; to house; to give accommodation.


masen

masen (infinitive)
to masen (infinitive)
mase (infinitive)
mase (first-person present singular)
mased (first-person past singular)
masest (present second-person singular)
masedest (past second-person singular)
maseth (present singular third-person)
mased (past singular third-person)
mase (present singular subjunctive)
mased (past singular subjunctive)
mase (imperative present singular)
masen (plural present)
mase (plural present)
maseden (past plural)
masede (past plural)
maseth (imperative plural present)
mase (imperative plural present)
masynge (participle present)
masende (participle present)
mased (participle past)
ymased (participle past)
maze (alternative)
mase (alternative)

English: maze

Scots: maze

Probably a back-formation from amased or a *amasen.

To bewilder, amaze, perplex, or mislead.

(rare) To be bewildered, amazed, perplexed, or misled.


moun

alternative form of monen (“to remember”)


moun

alternative form of mowen (“to be able to”)


forcoveren

forcoveren (infinitive)
to forcoveren (infinitive)
forcovere (infinitive)
forcovere (first-person present singular)
forcovered (first-person past singular)
forcoverest (present second-person singular)
forcoveredest (past second-person singular)
forcovereth (present singular third-person)
forcovered (past singular third-person)
forcovere (present singular subjunctive)
forcovered (past singular subjunctive)
forcovere (imperative present singular)
forcoveren (plural present)
forcovere (plural present)
forcovereden (past plural)
forcoverede (past plural)
forcovereth (imperative plural present)
forcovere (imperative plural present)
forcoverynge (participle present)
forcoverende (participle present)
forcovered (participle past)
yforcovered (participle past)

to cover completely, cover up, cover over; conceal


seien

English: say

Scots: say, sa

Yola: zey, zei

From Old English seċġan (“to say”), from Proto-West Germanic *saggjan, from Proto-Germanic *sagjaną.

saien (alternative)
sain (alternative)
saine (alternative)
san (alternative)
sæin (alternative)
sæcgen (alternative)
sæcgene (alternative)
sæcgæn (alternative)
sæcgan (alternative)
sægen (alternative)
sægenne (alternative)
sæggen (alternative)
sæggene (alternative)
sayen (alternative)
secgan (alternative)
secgæn (alternative)
secgon (alternative)
secgen (alternative)
secgene (alternative)
secgenne (alternative)
secȝende (alternative)
sæcgenne (alternative)
segen (alternative)
seggen (alternative)
seggon (alternative)
seggane (alternative)
segcean (alternative)
seȝȝen (alternative)
seggen (alternative)
sein (alternative)
seine (alternative)
seigen (alternative)
seiȝen (alternative)
seiȝn (alternative)
seuggen (alternative)
seyen (alternative)
seyn (alternative)
sien (alternative)
sigen (alternative)
sucgen (alternative)
sugen (alternative)
suggen (alternative)
ziggen (alternative Kent)
ziggene (alternative Kent)

To declare, to state in speech (and, by extension, in writing)

To say, that is:
To call, to name or define

To say, that is:
To describe; to narrate

To say, that is:
To mean, to intend to say

To say, that is:
(ecclesiastical) To recite, to sing

To say, that is:
(law) To affirm, to assert


seien

From Old English sǣġan, from Proto-Germanic *saigijaną.


weste

alternative form of westen (“to move west”)


weste

alternative form of westen (“to devastate”)


mangelen

mengelen (infinitive)
to mengelen (infinitive)
mengele (infinitive)
mengele (first-person present singular)
mengeled (first-person past singular)
mengelest (present second-person singular)
mengeledest (past second-person singular)
mengeleth (present singular third-person)
mengeled (past singular third-person)
mengele (present singular subjunctive)
mengeled (past singular subjunctive)
mengele (imperative present singular)
mengelen (plural present)
mengele (plural present)
mengeleden (past plural)
mengelede (past plural)
mengeleth (imperative plural present)
mengele (imperative plural present)
mengelynge (participle present)
mengelende (participle present)
mengeled (participle past)
ymengeled (participle past)


serven

serven (third-person singular simple present serveth, present participle servende, servynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle served)

serveth (present singular third-person)
servende (participle present)
servynge (participle present)
served (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
serven (infinitive)
to serven (infinitive)
serve (infinitive)
serve (first-person present singular)
served (first-person past singular)
servest (present second-person singular)
servedest (past second-person singular)
serveth (present singular third-person)
served (past singular third-person)
serve (present singular subjunctive)
served (past singular subjunctive)
serve (imperative present singular)
serven (plural present)
serve (plural present)
serveden (past plural)
servede (past plural)
serveth (imperative plural present)
serve (imperative plural present)
servynge (participle present)
servende (participle present)
served (participle past)
yserved (participle past)
sarven (alternative)

q

dialectal/obsolete <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">sarve</i>

English: serve (dialectal/obsolete sarve)

Scots: sair, ser

Yola: zarve, zar

Borrowed from Old French servir, from Latin serviō.

to serve (be loyal and/or submissive to)


stremen

stremen (infinitive)
to stremen (infinitive)
streme (infinitive)
streme (first-person present singular)
stremed (first-person past singular)
stremest (present second-person singular)
stremedest (past second-person singular)
stremeth (present singular third-person)
stremed (past singular third-person)
streme (present singular subjunctive)
stremed (past singular subjunctive)
streme (imperative present singular)
stremen (plural present)
streme (plural present)
stremeden (past plural)
stremede (past plural)
stremeth (imperative plural present)
streme (imperative plural present)
stremynge (participle present)
stremende (participle present)
stremed (participle past)
ystremed (participle past)
streme (alternative)

English: stream

Scots: stream

To bleed; to experience bleeding or blood loss.

To shine; to stream out (of a light or glow)

(rare) To stream or gush; to flow profusely.


meve

The sharpe shoures felle of armes preve,
That Ector or his othere bretheren diden,
Ne made him only ther-fore ones meve;
And yet was he, wher-so men wente or riden,
Founde oon the beste, and lengest tyme abiden
Ther peril was, and dide eek such travayle
In armes, that to thenke it was mervayle.

1385, Geoffrey Chaucer, Troilus and Criseyde:


tillen

tillen (infinitive)
to tillen (infinitive)
tille (infinitive)
tille (first-person present singular)
tilled (first-person past singular)
tillest (present second-person singular)
tilledest (past second-person singular)
tilleth (present singular third-person)
tilled (past singular third-person)
tille (present singular subjunctive)
tilled (past singular subjunctive)
tille (imperative present singular)
tillen (plural present)
tille (plural present)
tilleden (past plural)
tillede (past plural)
tilleth (imperative plural present)
tille (imperative plural present)
tillynge (participle present)
tillende (participle present)
tilled (participle past)
ytilled (participle past)
tulden (alternative)
till (alternative)
tyll (alternative)
tylle (alternative)
tyllen (alternative)
tullen (alternative)

English: till (obsolete)

From Old English *tyllan. Compare tollen.

To convince, tempt, or captivate; to enthrall.

To draw towards, attract, or persuade to come.

(rare) To acquire by illegal or immoral means.


tillen

tillen (infinitive)
to tillen (infinitive)
tille (infinitive)
tille (first-person present singular)
tilled (first-person past singular)
tillest (present second-person singular)
tilledest (past second-person singular)
tilleth (present singular third-person)
tilled (past singular third-person)
tille (present singular subjunctive)
tilled (past singular subjunctive)
tille (imperative present singular)
tillen (plural present)
tille (plural present)
tilleden (past plural)
tillede (past plural)
tilleth (imperative plural present)
tille (imperative plural present)
tillynge (participle present)
tillende (participle present)
tilled (participle past)
ytilled (participle past)
tylen (alternative)
tilen (alternative)
tille (alternative)

English: till

To expand or distend lengthwise; to extend away.

(rare) To stretch as to make contact with; to extend towards.


feigne

(especially Gower) alternative form of feynen


smerten

smerten (infinitive)
to smerten (infinitive)
smerte (infinitive)
smerte (first-person present singular)
smart (first-person past singular)
smertest (present second-person singular)
smorte (past second-person singular)
smart (past second-person singular)
smerteth (present singular third-person)
smart (past singular third-person)
smerte (present singular subjunctive)
smorte (past singular subjunctive)
smerte (imperative present singular)
smerten (plural present)
smerte (plural present)
smorten (past plural)
smorte (past plural)
smerteth (imperative plural present)
smerte (imperative plural present)
smertynge (participle present)
smertende (participle present)
smorten (participle past)
smorte (participle past)
smart (alternative)
smarten (alternative)
smeorten (alternative)
smerte (alternative)

English: smart

Scots: smert

From Old English *smeortan, from Proto-West Germanic *smertan, from Proto-Germanic *smertaną.


burton

alternative form of bourden (“to conflict”)


abashen

abashen (infinitive)
to abashen (infinitive)
abashe (infinitive)
abashe (first-person present singular)
abashed (first-person past singular)
abashest (present second-person singular)
abashedest (past second-person singular)
abasheth (present singular third-person)
abashed (past singular third-person)
abashe (present singular subjunctive)
abashed (past singular subjunctive)
abashe (imperative present singular)
abashen (plural present)
abashe (plural present)
abasheden (past plural)
abashede (past plural)
abasheth (imperative plural present)
abashe (imperative plural present)
abashynge (participle present)
abashende (participle present)
abashed (participle past)
yabashed (participle past)
abaissen (alternative)
abaisshen (alternative)
abaishen (alternative)

English: abash

From Old French esbahir (“to astonish”).


tollen

tollen (infinitive)
to tollen (infinitive)
tolle (infinitive)
tolle (first-person present singular)
tolled (first-person past singular)
tollest (present second-person singular)
tolledest (past second-person singular)
tolleth (present singular third-person)
tolled (past singular third-person)
tolle (present singular subjunctive)
tolled (past singular subjunctive)
tolle (imperative present singular)
tollen (plural present)
tolle (plural present)
tolleden (past plural)
tollede (past plural)
tolleth (imperative plural present)
tolle (imperative plural present)
tollynge (participle present)
tollende (participle present)
tolled (participle past)
ytolled (participle past)
toll (alternative)
tole (alternative)
tolle (alternative)
tolli (alternative)
tulle (alternative)
tolen (alternative)
tollyn (alternative)

English: tole, toll

Probably from Old English *tollian, related to Old English *tyllan (as in Old English betyllan, fortyllan). Compare tillen.

To bring, take with, send towards, or cause to follow.

To convince, attract, tempt, or captivate.


tollen

tollen (infinitive)
to tollen (infinitive)
tolle (infinitive)
tolle (first-person present singular)
tolled (first-person past singular)
tollest (present second-person singular)
tolledest (past second-person singular)
tolleth (present singular third-person)
tolled (past singular third-person)
tolle (present singular subjunctive)
tolled (past singular subjunctive)
tolle (imperative present singular)
tollen (plural present)
tolle (plural present)
tolleden (past plural)
tollede (past plural)
tolleth (imperative plural present)
tolle (imperative plural present)
tollynge (participle present)
tollende (participle present)
tolled (participle past)
ytolled (participle past)
tolle (alternative)
tullen (alternative)
tollyn (alternative)

English: toll

From toll (“toll”) + -en (infinitival suffix).


bihaten

English: behight, behote

Scots: behecht

From Old English behatan, equivalent to bi- + haten.


huld

(West Midlands) alternative form of held; first/third-person singular past indicative of holden


perced

simple past and past participle of perce


overhelen

enm-verb

overhelen (third-person singular simple present overheleth, present participle overhelende, overhelynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle overheled)

overheleth (present singular third-person)
overhelende (participle present)
overhelynge (participle present)
overheled (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)

And whan Sir Palomydes behylde his felowys swerde overheled with his blood, hit greved hym sore.

1470–1485 (date produced), Thomas Malory, “Capitulum xix”, in [Le Morte Darthur], book X, [London: […] by William Caxton], published 31 July 1485, →OCLC; republished as H[einrich] Oskar Sommer, editor, Le Morte Darthur […], London: David Nutt, […], 1889, →OCLC:

And when Sir Palomides beheld his fellow's sword over-hylled with his blood, it grieved him sore.


tille

alternative form of tillen (“to stretch”)


snaren

snaren (infinitive)
to snaren (infinitive)
snare (infinitive)
snare (first-person present singular)
snared (first-person past singular)
snarest (present second-person singular)
snaredest (past second-person singular)
snareth (present singular third-person)
snared (past singular third-person)
snare (present singular subjunctive)
snared (past singular subjunctive)
snare (imperative present singular)
snaren (plural present)
snare (plural present)
snareden (past plural)
snarede (past plural)
snareth (imperative plural present)
snare (imperative plural present)
snarynge (participle present)
snarende (participle present)
snared (participle past)
snare (alternative)
snarre (alternative)
snaryn (alternative)

English: snare

From snare (“snare”) + -en (infinitival suffix).

af

(surgery, rare) To remove a wound with a snare.


loggen

loggen (infinitive)
to loggen (infinitive)
logge (infinitive)
logge (first-person present singular)
logged (first-person past singular)
loggest (present second-person singular)
loggedest (past second-person singular)
loggeth (present singular third-person)
logged (past singular third-person)
logge (present singular subjunctive)
logged (past singular subjunctive)
logge (imperative present singular)
loggen (plural present)
logge (plural present)
loggeden (past plural)
loggede (past plural)
loggeth (imperative plural present)
logge (imperative plural present)
loggynge (participle present)
loggende (participle present)
logged (participle past)
ylogged (participle past)
lodgen (alternative)
loiggen (alternative)
loigen (alternative)
luggen (alternative)
lugen (alternative)
leugen (alternative)

English: lodge

Borrowed from Old French logier, loigier.


wernen

wernen (infinitive)
to wernen (infinitive)
werne (infinitive)
werne (first-person present singular)
werned (first-person past singular)
wernest (present second-person singular)
wernedest (past second-person singular)
werneth (present singular third-person)
werned (past singular third-person)
werne (present singular subjunctive)
werned (past singular subjunctive)
werne (imperative present singular)
wernen (plural present)
werne (plural present)
werneden (past plural)
wernede (past plural)
werneth (imperative plural present)
werne (imperative plural present)
wernynge (participle present)
wernende (participle present)
werned (participle past)
ywerned (participle past)
warn (alternative)
warne (alternative)
werne (alternative)
worne (alternative)
wurne (alternative)
wærnen (alternative Early-Middle-English)
wearne (alternative Early-Middle-English)
wearnen (alternative Early-Middle-English)
weorne (alternative Early-Middle-English)

Inherited from Old English wyrnan, weornan, wiernan (“to refuse, deny, withhold”), from Proto-West Germanic *warnijan. Doublet of garnysshen and warnysshen; also compare warnen.

To deny or refuse; to reject a request or demand:

To refuse to relinquish or surrender something.

To close off; to prevent from passing or entering.

He is to greet a nygard / that wil werne / A man to lighte a candle / at his lanterne

1387–1400, [Geoffrey] Chaucer, “The Prologe of the Tale of the Wẏf of Bathe”, in The Tales of Caunt́bury (Hengwrt Chaucer; Peniarth Manuscript 392D), Aberystwyth, Ceredigion: National Library of Wales, published [c. 1400–1410], →OCLC, folio 62, recto, lines 333-334:

He is so much of a miser that he'll stop / a man from lighting a candle in his lantern.

To prevent or disallow (from happening):

To challenge or obstruct; to be an impediment.


wlappen

English: lap

From Old English *wlappan, *wlæppan, *wlappian, *wlæppian from Proto-Germanic *wrappan-, *wlappan- (“to wrap, fold”), from Proto-Indo-European *werb- (“to bend, turn”). Akin to Middle English wrappen (“to wrap”), Danish vravle (“to wind”), Old Italian goluppare (“to wrap”) (from Germanic). More at envelop, develop.

der

lappen (alternative)
wrappen (alternative)


lappen

English: lap

Alteration of earlier Middle English wlappen (“to wrap, fold”), from Old English *wlappan, *wlæppan, *wlappian, *wlæppian, from Proto-Germanic *wrappan-, *wlappan- (“to wrap, fold”), from Proto-Indo-European *werb- (“to bend, turn”). Akin to Middle English wrappen (“to wrap”), Danish vravle (“to wind”), Old Italian goluppare (“to wrap”) (from Germanic). More at envelop, develop.


takken

enm-verb

takken (third-person singular simple present takketh, present participle takkende, takkynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle takked)

takketh (present singular third-person)
takkende (participle present)
takkynge (participle present)
takked (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
tak (alternative)
takke (alternative)

English: tack

Scots: tack

From tak (“clasp, nail”) + en (infinitival suffix).


wrappen

English: wrap

Scots: wrap

From Old English *wrappan, *wræppan, from Proto-Germanic *wrappaną (“to wrap”), from Proto-Indo-European *werb- (“to bend, turn”).
Akin to Danish vravle (“to wind, wrap”), Middle Low German wrempen (“to scrunch the face”). Compare also Middle English wlappen (“to wrap, fold”). More at lap, envelop, develop.


overheled

first/third-person singular past indicative of overhelen


englue

Forthy my ſone , hold up thin hede
And let no ſlepe thin eye englue

c. 1386–1390, John Gower, edited by Reinhold Pauli, Confessio Amantis of John Gower: Edited and Collated with the Best Manuscripts, volume (please specify |volume=I, II, or III), London: Bell and Daldy […], published 1857, →OCLC:


blasfemen

blasfemen (infinitive)
to blasfemen (infinitive)
blasfeme (infinitive)
blasfeme (first-person present singular)
blasfemed (first-person past singular)
blasfemest (present second-person singular)
blasfemedest (past second-person singular)
blasfemeth (present singular third-person)
blasfemed (past singular third-person)
blasfeme (present singular subjunctive)
blasfemed (past singular subjunctive)
blasfeme (imperative present singular)
blasfemen (plural present)
blasfeme (plural present)
blasfemeden (past plural)
blasfemede (past plural)
blasfemeth (imperative plural present)
blasfeme (imperative plural present)
blasfemynge (participle present)
blasfemende (participle present)
blasfemed (participle past)
yblasfemed (participle past)
blasfeme (alternative)
blasphemen (alternative)
blaspheme (alternative)
blasefleme (alternative)

English: blaspheme

Borrowed from Old French blasfemer, a learned borrowing from Late Latin blasphēmāre. Doublet of blamen.

(ambitransitive) to blaspheme; to speak against a deity

(ambitransitive) to act insultingly towards a deity

(rare, transitive) to slander; to defame


charmen

charmen (infinitive)
to charmen (infinitive)
charme (infinitive)
charme (first-person present singular)
charmed (first-person past singular)
charmest (present second-person singular)
charmedest (past second-person singular)
charmeth (present singular third-person)
charmed (past singular third-person)
charme (present singular subjunctive)
charmed (past singular subjunctive)
charme (imperative present singular)
charmen (plural present)
charme (plural present)
charmeden (past plural)
charmede (past plural)
charmeth (imperative plural present)
charme (imperative plural present)
charmynge (participle present)
charmende (participle present)
charmed (participle past)
ycharmed (participle past)
charme (alternative)

English: charm

Scots: chairm

Borrowed from Old French charmer; equivalent to charme + -en (infinitival suffix).

To cast a magical charm; to use a spell.


yeven

enm-verb

yeven (third-person singular simple present yifth or yeveth, present participle yevende or yevinge, first-/third-person singular past indicative yaf, past participle iyeven)

yifth (present singular third-person)
yeveth (present singular third-person)
yevende (participle present)
yevinge (participle present)
yaf (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
iyeven (participle past)


trukien

English: truck

Scots: troke, troak

→ English: troak, troke

⇒ Scots: troke, troch (“barter”, noun)

⇒ Scots: troker (“bargainer”)

⇒ Scots: trokery (“wares”)

⇒ Scots: trokie (“worthless”)

⇒ Scots: trokin (“trading”)

From Old French troquier, trochier (“to barter”), and Medieval Latin trocō (“to barter”).

truken (alternative)
troken (alternative)
trochen (alternative)


trukien

English: truck (dialectal)

Scots: truk


þolien

Scots: thole

English: thole

to suffer, to be made to undergo punishments


forholden

forholdeþ (present singular third-person)
forholdende (participle present)
forheld (past)
forholden (participle past)
forholden (infinitive)
to forholden (infinitive)
forholde (infinitive)
forholde (first-person present singular)
forheld (first-person past singular)
forholdest (present second-person singular)
forhelde (past second-person singular)
forheld (past second-person singular)
forholdeth (present singular third-person)
forheld (past singular third-person)
forholde (present singular subjunctive)
forhelde (past singular subjunctive)
forholde (imperative present singular)
forholden (plural present)
forholde (plural present)
forhelden (past plural)
forhelde (past plural)
forholdeth (imperative plural present)
forholde (imperative plural present)
forholdynge (participle present)
forholdende (participle present)
forholden (participle past)
forholde (participle past)
yforholden (participle past)
yforholde (participle past)
forhealden (alternative)
forhalden (alternative)

English: forhold

From Old English forhealdan. Akin to Middle Low German vorholden (“to detain”); equivalent to for- + holden.


glorien

glorien (infinitive)
to glorien (infinitive)
glorie (infinitive)
glorie (first-person present singular)
gloried (first-person past singular)
gloriest (present second-person singular)
gloriedest (past second-person singular)
glorieth (present singular third-person)
gloried (past singular third-person)
glorie (present singular subjunctive)
gloried (past singular subjunctive)
glorie (imperative present singular)
glorien (plural present)
glorie (plural present)
glorieden (past plural)
gloriede (past plural)
glorieth (imperative plural present)
glorie (imperative plural present)
gloriynge (participle present)
gloriende (participle present)
gloried (participle past)
ygloried (participle past)
glorie (alternative)
gloryen (alternative)

English: glory

Scots: glore (obsolete)

/ˈɡlɔːriːən/

Borrowed from Old French gloriier, from Latin glōrior; equivalent to glorie + -en (infinitival suffix).

To brag; to engage in self-aggrandisement.

(rare) To experience recognition or fame.