forbrusen

enm-verb

forbrusen (third-person singular simple present forbruseth, present participle forbrusende, forbrusynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle forbrused)

forbruseth (present singular third-person)
forbrusende (participle present)
forbrusynge (participle present)
forbrused (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)

From for- + brusen (“to bruise”). See English bruise.

(transitive) to bruise badly or exceedingly


fantasien

fantasien (third-person singular simple present fantasieth, present participle fantasiende, fantasiynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle fantasied)

fantasieth (present singular third-person)
fantasiende (participle present)
fantasiynge (participle present)
fantasied (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
fantasien (infinitive)
to fantasien (infinitive)
fantasie (infinitive)
fantasie (first-person present singular)
fantasied (first-person past singular)
fantasiest (present second-person singular)
fantasiedest (past second-person singular)
fantasieth (present singular third-person)
fantasied (past singular third-person)
fantasie (present singular subjunctive)
fantasied (past singular subjunctive)
fantasie (imperative present singular)
fantasien (plural present)
fantasie (plural present)
fantasieden (past plural)
fantasiede (past plural)
fantasieth (imperative plural present)
fantasie (imperative plural present)
fantasiynge (participle present)
fantasiende (participle present)
fantasied (participle past)
fantesie (alternative)
fancy (alternative)

English: fancy, fantasy

(transitive) to fantasize, to imagine, to think up (an idea, etc., especially a false one)

(transitive) to plan, to consider, to devise (a plan of action)

(reflexive) to desire something, to have a fancy


eart

alternative form of art: second-person singular present of been


flen

English: flee

Scots: flee

From Old English flēon, from Proto-West Germanic *fleuhan, from Proto-Germanic *fleuhaną.


webben

webben (third-person singular simple present webbeth, present participle webbende, webbynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle webbed)

webbeth (present singular third-person)
webbende (participle present)
webbynge (participle present)
webbed (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
webben (infinitive)
to webben (infinitive)
webbe (infinitive)
webbe (first-person present singular)
webbed (first-person past singular)
webbest (present second-person singular)
webbedest (past second-person singular)
webbeth (present singular third-person)
webbed (past singular third-person)
webbe (present singular subjunctive)
webbed (past singular subjunctive)
webbe (imperative present singular)
webben (plural present)
webbe (plural present)
webbeden (past plural)
webbede (past plural)
webbeth (imperative plural present)
webbe (imperative plural present)
webbynge (participle present)
webbende (participle present)
webbed (participle past)
ywebbed (participle past)
webbe (alternative)
webbon (alternative)
webbyne (alternative)

English: web

Scots: wab

From web + -en (infinitival suffix); compare Old English webbian (“to concoct (slander)”).


blowe

alternative form of blowen (“to blossom”)


mouen

alternative form of mowen (“to be able to”)


mouen

alternative form of mowen (“to make a face”)


bateren

enm-verb

bateren (third-person singular simple present batereth, present participle baterende, baterynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle batered)

batereth (present singular third-person)
baterende (participle present)
baterynge (participle present)
batered (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
bateren (infinitive)
to bateren (infinitive)
batere (infinitive)
batere (first-person present singular)
batered (first-person past singular)
baterest (present second-person singular)
bateredest (past second-person singular)
batereth (present singular third-person)
batered (past singular third-person)
batere (present singular subjunctive)
batered (past singular subjunctive)
batere (imperative present singular)
bateren (plural present)
batere (plural present)
batereden (past plural)
baterede (past plural)
batereth (imperative plural present)
batere (imperative plural present)
baterynge (participle present)
baterende (participle present)
batered (participle past)
ybatered (participle past)
batre (alternative)

English: batter

Scots: batter

Borrowed from Old French batre (< Latin battere, earlier battuere), with the Old French infinitival ending retained as if baten (“to beat”) + -eren.

To batter; to forcefully or repetitively beat or whack.

(rare) To pat; to gently and lightly touch.

(rare, music) To resound; to produce vibrations.

(rare) To impress; to produce an image on.


accepten

accepten (third-person singular simple present accepteth, present participle acceptende, acceptynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle accepted)

accepteth (present singular third-person)
acceptende (participle present)
acceptynge (participle present)
accepted (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
accepten (infinitive)
to accepten (infinitive)
accepte (infinitive)
accepte (first-person present singular)
accepted (first-person past singular)
acceptest (present second-person singular)
acceptedest (past second-person singular)
accepteth (present singular third-person)
accepted (past singular third-person)
accepte (present singular subjunctive)
accepted (past singular subjunctive)
accepte (imperative present singular)
accepten (plural present)
accepte (plural present)
accepteden (past plural)
acceptede (past plural)
accepteth (imperative plural present)
accepte (imperative plural present)
acceptynge (participle present)
acceptende (participle present)
accepted (participle past)
yaccepted (participle past)

English: accept

Scots: accep

From Latin acceptare, possibly indirectly via Old French accepter.


governen

governen (infinitive)
to governen (infinitive)
governe (infinitive)
governe (first-person present singular)
governed (first-person past singular)
governest (present second-person singular)
governedest (past second-person singular)
governeth (present singular third-person)
governed (past singular third-person)
governe (present singular subjunctive)
governed (past singular subjunctive)
governe (imperative present singular)
governen (plural present)
governe (plural present)
governeden (past plural)
governede (past plural)
governeth (imperative plural present)
governe (imperative plural present)
governynge (participle present)
governende (participle present)
governed (participle past)
ygoverned (participle past)
governe (alternative)
guverne (alternative)
gouvern (alternative)

English: govern

Scots: govern

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman and Old French governer, guverner, from Latin gubernō, from Ancient Greek κυβερνάω (kubernáō).

To lead a group or mass of people; to direct:

To exercise political authority over; to govern.

To direct an individual or thing directly:

(physiology) To affect a body part or bodily system.

To keep under constraint; to limit (often reflexive)

To display or engage in certain behaviours or actions.

To operate a device or machine (especially a boat)

To affect or influence (usually used of abstractions)

To undergo a course of treatment, restoration, or curing.

(grammar) To depend upon or govern (a part of speech)

(rare) To influence or affect an individual or thing directly.


parlen

parlen (infinitive)
to parlen (infinitive)
parle (infinitive)
parle (first-person present singular)
parled (first-person past singular)
parlest (present second-person singular)
parledest (past second-person singular)
parleth (present singular third-person)
parled (past singular third-person)
parle (present singular subjunctive)
parled (past singular subjunctive)
parle (imperative present singular)
parlen (plural present)
parle (plural present)
parleden (past plural)
parlede (past plural)
parleth (imperative plural present)
parle (imperative plural present)
parlynge (participle present)
parlende (participle present)
parled (participle past)
yparled (participle past)
parle (alternative)

English: parle

Borrowed from Middle French parler, from Old French parler, from Latin parabolō, parabolāre; compare parable.

(Late Middle English) To talk or discuss.


remenen

remenen (infinitive)
to remenen (infinitive)
remene (infinitive)
remene (first-person present singular)
remened (first-person past singular)
remente (first-person past singular)
remenest (present second-person singular)
remenedest (past second-person singular)
rementest (past second-person singular)
remeneth (present singular third-person)
remened (past singular third-person)
remente (past singular third-person)
remene (present singular subjunctive)
remened (past singular subjunctive)
remente (past singular subjunctive)
remene (imperative present singular)
remenen (plural present)
remene (plural present)
remeneden (past plural)
remenede (past plural)
rementen (past plural)
remente (past plural)
remeneth (imperative plural present)
remene (imperative plural present)
remenynge (participle present)
remenende (participle present)
remened (participle past)
rement (participle past)


biten

biten (infinitive)
to biten (infinitive)
bite (infinitive)
bite (first-person present singular)
bot (first-person past singular)
bitest (present second-person singular)
bote (past second-person singular)
bite (past second-person singular)
bot (past second-person singular)
biteth (present singular third-person)
bot (past singular third-person)
bite (present singular subjunctive)
bote (past singular subjunctive)
bite (past singular subjunctive)
bite (imperative present singular)
biten (plural present)
bite (plural present)
boten (past plural)
bote (past plural)
biten (past plural)
bite (past plural)
biteth (imperative plural present)
bite (imperative plural present)
bitynge (participle present)
bitende (participle present)
biten (participle past)
bite (participle past)
ybiten (participle past)
ybite (participle past)
byte (alternative)
byten (alternative)
bite (alternative)
bight (alternative)

English: bite

Scots: bite

From Old English bītan, from Proto-West Germanic *bītan.


biten

From Old English betēon, equivalent to be- + tēn.


supen

(Early Middle English) alternative form of soupen (“to swallow”)


pipen

pipen (infinitive)
to pipen (infinitive)
pipe (infinitive)
pipe (first-person present singular)
piped (first-person past singular)
pipest (present second-person singular)
pipedest (past second-person singular)
pipeth (present singular third-person)
piped (past singular third-person)
pipe (present singular subjunctive)
piped (past singular subjunctive)
pipe (imperative present singular)
pipen (plural present)
pipe (plural present)
pipeden (past plural)
pipede (past plural)
pipeth (imperative plural present)
pipe (imperative plural present)
pipynge (participle present)
pipende (participle present)
piped (participle past)
ypiped (participle past)
pypyn (alternative)
pipe (alternative)
pype (alternative)

English: pipe

Scots: pipe

Inherited from Old English pīpian, from Proto-West Germanic *pīpan, from Proto-Germanic *pīpaną; equivalent to pipe + -en (infinitival suffix).

To use a pipe or similar musical instrument; to play music.

To make high-pitched noises or sound like a small animal.

To squeal; to talk with a high pitch or like a small animal.


trollen

trollen (infinitive)
to trollen (infinitive)
trolle (infinitive)
trolle (first-person present singular)
trolled (first-person past singular)
trollest (present second-person singular)
trolledest (past second-person singular)
trolleth (present singular third-person)
trolled (past singular third-person)
trolle (present singular subjunctive)
trolled (past singular subjunctive)
trolle (imperative present singular)
trollen (plural present)
trolle (plural present)
trolleden (past plural)
trollede (past plural)
trolleth (imperative plural present)
trolle (imperative plural present)
trollynge (participle present)
trollende (participle present)
trolled (participle past)
ytrolled (participle past)
trul (alternative)

English: troll, trull

Yola: troll


forten

forten (third-person singular simple present fortēþ, present participle fortēnde, first-/third-person singular past indicative forteh, past participle fortogen)

fortēþ (present singular third-person)
fortēnde (participle present)
forteh (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
fortogen (participle past)
forten (infinitive)
to forten (infinitive)
forte (infinitive)
forte (first-person present singular)
forteh (first-person past singular)
fortest (present second-person singular)
fortuge (past second-person singular)
forteh (past second-person singular)
forteth (present singular third-person)
forteh (past singular third-person)
forte (present singular subjunctive)
fortuge (past singular subjunctive)
forte (imperative present singular)
forten (plural present)
forte (plural present)
fortugen (past plural)
fortuge (past plural)
forteth (imperative plural present)
forte (imperative plural present)
fortynge (participle present)
fortende (participle present)
fortogen (participle past)
fortoge (participle past)
forteon (alternative)

From Old English fortēon (“to mislead, seduce; draw over, cover, obscure”), equivalent to for- + ten (“to draw”). Cognate with West Frisian fortsjen (“to move out, depart”), German verziehen (“to warp, stretch, spoil, move away”).

cog

(Early Middle English, rare) To pull away; to draw away.


mynten

mynten (infinitive)
to mynten (infinitive)
mynte (infinitive)
mynte (first-person present singular)
mynte (first-person past singular)
mynted (first-person past singular)
myntest (present second-person singular)
myntest (past second-person singular)
myntedest (past second-person singular)
mynteth (present singular third-person)
mynte (past singular third-person)
mynted (past singular third-person)
mynte (present singular subjunctive)
mynte (past singular subjunctive)
mynted (past singular subjunctive)
mynte (imperative present singular)
mynten (plural present)
mynte (plural present)
mynten (past plural)
mynte (past plural)
mynteden (past plural)
myntede (past plural)
mynteth (imperative plural present)
mynte (imperative plural present)
myntynge (participle present)
myntende (participle present)
mynt (participle past)
mynted (participle past)
ymynt (participle past)
ymynted (participle past)
minten (alternative)
munten (alternative)

English: mint (dialectal)

Scots: mint

From Old English myntan, from Proto-West Germanic *muntijan.

(rare) to draw attention to; to point out.


stupen

(Early Middle English) alternative form of stoupen


basken

enm-verb

basken (third-person singular simple present basketh, present participle baskende, baskynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle basked)

basketh (present singular third-person)
baskende (participle present)
baskynge (participle present)
basked (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
basken (infinitive)
to basken (infinitive)
baske (infinitive)
baske (first-person present singular)
basked (first-person past singular)
baskest (present second-person singular)
baskedest (past second-person singular)
basketh (present singular third-person)
basked (past singular third-person)
baske (present singular subjunctive)
basked (past singular subjunctive)
baske (imperative present singular)
basken (plural present)
baske (plural present)
baskeden (past plural)
baskede (past plural)
basketh (imperative plural present)
baske (imperative plural present)
baskynge (participle present)
baskende (participle present)
basked (participle past)

English: bask

Probably borrowed from Old Norse baðask, reflexive of baða (“to bathe”); compare busken (“to prepare”) for a parallel formation from an Old Norse reflexive.
Etymological notes
The traditional derivation from baðask agrees better with the verb's Middle English semantics than alternative derivations from other Old Norse etymons such as bakask (“to bake oneself”) or baska (“to heat, warm”). However, Whitehall entirely denies the derivation of basken from Scandinavian since it is a "comparatively rare Literary English word which owes its currency in the language to Lydgate’s borrowing from Gower" which is unattested in either literature from areas of intensive Scandinavian influence or any modern dialect. Furthermore, he believes Gower understood basken to mean "dash about", claiming its conventional interpretation as "bathe" is a misinterpretation of Lydgate's reproduced by modern scholars.
However, the MED provides examples of basken meaning "bathe"in pharmaceutical and craft contexts, some of which predates Gower, vitiating Whitehall's claims and raising the possibility that it was specialised technical terminology that would be naturally absent from literature until Gower consciously employed it and unknown to the archetypical traditional dialect speaker employed in agriculture.

(reflexive) To bathe; to soak oneself in liquid.

(transitive) To soak or dip something in liquid (skin in alum, fabric in dye)

(transitive) To use a wettened poultice on the body.


rebellen

rebellen (infinitive)
to rebellen (infinitive)
rebelle (infinitive)
rebelle (first-person present singular)
rebelled (first-person past singular)
rebellest (present second-person singular)
rebelledest (past second-person singular)
rebelleth (present singular third-person)
rebelled (past singular third-person)
rebelle (present singular subjunctive)
rebelled (past singular subjunctive)
rebelle (imperative present singular)
rebellen (plural present)
rebelle (plural present)
rebelleden (past plural)
rebellede (past plural)
rebelleth (imperative plural present)
rebelle (imperative plural present)
rebellynge (participle present)
rebellende (participle present)
rebelled (participle past)
yrebelled (participle past)
rebel (alternative)
rebell (alternative)
rebelle (alternative)
rebellyn (alternative)

English: rebel

Scots: rebel

Borrowed from Old French rebeller, in turn borrowed from Latin rebellō. Doublet of revelen (“to revel”); equivalent to rebel + -en (infinitival suffix).

To rebel; to start a revolt or uprising against authorities.

To disobey rules, regulations, or one's better judgement; to break rules.

(rare) To rebel against divine authority.


sparken

sparken (infinitive)
to sparken (infinitive)
sparke (infinitive)
sparke (first-person present singular)
sparked (first-person past singular)
sparkest (present second-person singular)
sparkedest (past second-person singular)
sparketh (present singular third-person)
sparked (past singular third-person)
sparke (present singular subjunctive)
sparked (past singular subjunctive)
sparke (imperative present singular)
sparken (plural present)
sparke (plural present)
sparkeden (past plural)
sparkede (past plural)
sparketh (imperative plural present)
sparke (imperative plural present)
sparkynge (participle present)
sparkende (participle present)
sparked (participle past)
sparkyn (alternative)

English: spark

Scots: spark, sperk

From Old English spearcian; equivalent to spark + -en (infinitival suffix).


behoven

behoven (third-person singular simple present behoveth, present participle behovende, behovynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle behoved)

behoveth (present singular third-person)
behovende (participle present)
behovynge (participle present)
behoved (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)

to be compelled or required (to do something)


ropen

ropen (infinitive)
to ropen (infinitive)
rope (infinitive)
rope (first-person present singular)
roped (first-person past singular)
ropest (present second-person singular)
ropedest (past second-person singular)
ropeth (present singular third-person)
roped (past singular third-person)
rope (present singular subjunctive)
roped (past singular subjunctive)
rope (imperative present singular)
ropen (plural present)
rope (plural present)
ropeden (past plural)
ropede (past plural)
ropeth (imperative plural present)
rope (imperative plural present)
ropynge (participle present)
ropende (participle present)
roped (participle past)
raipe (alternative)
rope (alternative)

English: rope

Scots: raip

From rop (“rope”) + -en (infinitival suffix).


ropen

ropen (infinitive)
to ropen (infinitive)
rope (infinitive)
rope (first-person present singular)
roped (first-person past singular)
ropest (present second-person singular)
ropedest (past second-person singular)
ropeth (present singular third-person)
roped (past singular third-person)
rope (present singular subjunctive)
roped (past singular subjunctive)
rope (imperative present singular)
ropen (plural present)
rope (plural present)
ropeden (past plural)
ropede (past plural)
ropeth (imperative plural present)
rope (imperative plural present)
ropynge (participle present)
ropende (participle present)
roped (participle past)
rope (alternative)
roupe (alternative)
rupe (alternative)

English: roop, roup

Scots: roup; croup

→ English: croup

→ Dutch: kroep

→ French: croup

From Old English hrōpan, from Proto-West Germanic *hrōpan, from Proto-Germanic *hrōpaną; equivalent to rop (“call”) + -en (infinitival suffix).
Forms in /ɔu̯/ are influenced by Old Norse raupa.


riken

riken (third-person singular simple present riketh, present participle rikende, rikynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle riked)

riketh (present singular third-person)
rikende (participle present)
rikynge (participle present)
riked (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
rikien (alternative)

From Old Norse ríkja (“to reign”), from Proto-Germanic *rīkijaną (“to be mighty, rule”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃reǵ- (“chief, king”). Cognate with Old High German girīhhen (“to overcome, conquer, dominate, stand for”). Related to Old English rīcsian (“to bear rule, reign, govern, tyrannize, dominate, prevail”). More at rix.

cog

Þat god riked, in genge sai yhe. — Psalter, 1400.


studien

studien (infinitive)
to studien (infinitive)
studie (infinitive)
studie (first-person present singular)
studied (first-person past singular)
studiest (present second-person singular)
studiedest (past second-person singular)
studieth (present singular third-person)
studied (past singular third-person)
studie (present singular subjunctive)
studied (past singular subjunctive)
studie (imperative present singular)
studien (plural present)
studie (plural present)
studieden (past plural)
studiede (past plural)
studieth (imperative plural present)
studie (imperative plural present)
studiynge (participle present)
studiende (participle present)
studied (participle past)
ystudied (participle past)
studen (alternative)
stoden (alternative)

English: study

→ Welsh: astudio

Yola: ztudied (preterite)

From Old French estudier, from Medieval Latin studiāre and studēre.


totorven

enm-verb

totorven (third-person singular simple present totorveth, present participle totorvende, totorvynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle totorved)

totorveth (present singular third-person)
totorvende (participle present)
totorvynge (participle present)
totorved (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
totorvien (alternative)
to-toruion (alternative)
to toruen (alternative)

From Old English tōtorfian, equivalent to to- + torven.

(transitive) To pelt (someone), especially with stones.


revelle

alternative form of revelen (“to revel”)


forthnimen

forthnimen (third-person singular simple present forthnimeth, present participle forthnimmende, first-/third-person singular past indicative forthnam, past participle forthnumen or forthnomen)

forthnimeth (present singular third-person)
forthnimmende (participle present)
forthnam (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
forthnumen (participle past)
forthnomen (participle past)

From forth- + nimen. Compare Dutch voortnemen (“to continue to take”), German fortnehmen (“to take away”).


enduren

enm-verb

enduren (third-person singular simple present endureth, present participle endurende, endurynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle endured)

endureth (present singular third-person)
endurende (participle present)
endurynge (participle present)
endured (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)

English: endure

From Old French endurer; equivalent to en- + duren.

to endure; to put up with (chiefly suffering)


beswiken

biswiken (infinitive)
to biswiken (infinitive)
biswike (infinitive)
biswike (first-person present singular)
biswok (first-person past singular)
biswiked (first-person past singular)
biswikest (present second-person singular)
biswike (past second-person singular)
biswok (past second-person singular)
biswikedest (past second-person singular)
biswiketh (present singular third-person)
biswok (past singular third-person)
biswiked (past singular third-person)
biswike (present singular subjunctive)
biswike (past singular subjunctive)
biswiked (past singular subjunctive)
biswike (imperative present singular)
biswiken (plural present)
biswike (plural present)
biswiken (past plural)
biswike (past plural)
biswikeden (past plural)
biswikede (past plural)
biswiketh (imperative plural present)
biswike (imperative plural present)
biswikynge (participle present)
biswikende (participle present)
biswiken (participle past)
biswike (participle past)
biswiked (participle past)

From Old English beswīcan (“to deceive, seduce, entice”), from Proto-West Germanic *biswīkwan, from Proto-Indo-European *sweyg- (“to turn, move around, wander, swing”). Cognate with Scots beswik, beswick (“to beguile, deceive”), Dutch bezwijken (“to succumb”), Old High German biswīhhan (“to deceive, seduce, capture”), Icelandic svikja (“to betray”).


freet

Adam freet of that fruit, And forsook The love of our Lord.

1390, William Langland, Piers Ploughman:


beinge

English: being

Scots: being, bein


foynen

enm-verb

foynen (third-person singular simple present foyneth, present participle foynende, foynynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle foyned)

foyneth (present singular third-person)
foynende (participle present)
foynynge (participle present)
foyned (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)

Late 14th century: And after þat, wiþ sharpe speres stronge / Þey foynen ech at ooþer wonder longe.


relaxen

English: relax

Borrowed from Middle French relaxer (“remit, pardon (sins), liberate, acquit, loosen, slacken”) as well as its etymon Latin relaxāre (“relax, loosen, open”).

bor+

(transitive) loosen, make (something) less compact or dense

(intransitive) loosen (become loose), slacken

(transitive) remit, annul (a debt or other obligation)


destroyen

enm-verb

destroyen (third-person singular simple present destroyeth, present participle destroyende, destroyynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle destroyed)

destroyeth (present singular third-person)
destroyende (participle present)
destroyynge (participle present)
destroyed (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)

English: destroy


swynken

swinken (infinitive)
to swinken (infinitive)
swinke (infinitive)
swinke (first-person present singular)
swank (first-person past singular)
swonk (first-person past singular)
swunk (first-person past singular)
swinked (first-person past singular)
swinkest (present second-person singular)
swonke (past second-person singular)
swunke (past second-person singular)
swank (past second-person singular)
swonk (past second-person singular)
swunk (past second-person singular)
swinkedest (past second-person singular)
swinketh (present singular third-person)
swank (past singular third-person)
swonk (past singular third-person)
swunk (past singular third-person)
swinked (past singular third-person)
swinke (present singular subjunctive)
swonke (past singular subjunctive)
swunke (past singular subjunctive)
swinked (past singular subjunctive)
swinke (imperative present singular)
swinken (plural present)
swinke (plural present)
swonken (past plural)
swonke (past plural)
swunken (past plural)
swunke (past plural)
swinkeden (past plural)
swinkede (past plural)
swinketh (imperative plural present)
swinke (imperative plural present)
swinkynge (participle present)
swinkende (participle present)
swonken (participle past)
yswonken (participle past)
swonke (participle past)
yswonke (participle past)
swunken (participle past)
yswunken (participle past)
swunke (participle past)
yswunke (participle past)
swinked (participle past)
yswinked (participle past)
squinke (alternative)
squynke (alternative)
sqwynk (alternative)
suinc (alternative)
suink (alternative)
suinke (alternative)
suync (alternative)
swenke (alternative)
zuynke (alternative)
sȝink (alternative Early-Middle-English)
swince (alternative Early-Middle-English)
swinnkenn (alternative Early-Middle-English)

English: swink

Scots: swink

Heremites on an heep · with hoked staues,
Wenten to Walsyngham · and here wenches after;
Grete lobyes and longe · that loth were to swynke,
Clotheden hem in copis · to be knowen fram othere;
And shopen hem heremites · here ese to haue.

c. 1370–1390, [William Langland], “(please specify the passus number)”, in The Vision of Pierce Plowman [...], London: […] Roberte Crowley, […], published 1550, →OCLC:

Or swynken with his handes, and laboure,
As Austyn bit? How shal the world be served?

[1387–1400, [Geoffrey] Chaucer, “Here Bygynneth the Book of the Tales of Caunt́burẏ”, in The Tales of Caunt́bury (Hengwrt Chaucer; Peniarth Manuscript 392D) (in Middle English), Aberystwyth, Ceredigion: National Library of Wales, published [c. 1400–1410], →OCLC, folio iv, recto:

Or work with his hands, and labour,
As Augustine commands? How shall the world be served?


medlen

medlen (infinitive)
to medlen (infinitive)
medle (infinitive)
medle (first-person present singular)
medled (first-person past singular)
medlest (present second-person singular)
medledest (past second-person singular)
medleth (present singular third-person)
medled (past singular third-person)
medle (present singular subjunctive)
medled (past singular subjunctive)
medle (imperative present singular)
medlen (plural present)
medle (plural present)
medleden (past plural)
medlede (past plural)
medleth (imperative plural present)
medle (imperative plural present)
medlynge (participle present)
medlende (participle present)
medled (participle past)
ymedled (participle past)
medelin (alternative)
meddlen (alternative)
mellen (alternative)

English: meddle, mell

Yola: mell


forgen

forgen (third-person singular simple present forgeth, present participle forgende, forgynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle forged)

forgeth (present singular third-person)
forgende (participle present)
forgynge (participle present)
forged (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
forgen (infinitive)
to forgen (infinitive)
forge (infinitive)
forge (first-person present singular)
forged (first-person past singular)
forgest (present second-person singular)
forgedest (past second-person singular)
forgeth (present singular third-person)
forged (past singular third-person)
forge (present singular subjunctive)
forged (past singular subjunctive)
forge (imperative present singular)
forgen (plural present)
forge (plural present)
forgeden (past plural)
forgede (past plural)
forgeth (imperative plural present)
forge (imperative plural present)
forgynge (participle present)
forgende (participle present)
forged (participle past)
yforged (participle past)
fforge (alternative)
forge (alternative)
fourgen (alternative)

English: forge

Scots: forge

/ˈfɔːrd͡ʒən/

From Anglo-Norman forger and Old French forgier, from Latin fabricō.

To make; to build:
(metallurgy) To forge (shape metal)

To make; to build:
To forge (shape metal)

To make; to build:
To coin; to mint (money, currency)

To make; to build:
To bring about; to cause (something)

To create; to invent:
To make up; to fabricate.

To create; to invent:
To scheme; to make plans.

To create; to invent:
To forge; to counterfeit.


seeren

alternative form of seren (“to dry, sear”)


whanne

alternative form of wonnen: simple past plural of winnen


suen

suen (third-person singular simple present sueth, present participle suende, suynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle sued)

sueth (present singular third-person)
suende (participle present)
suynge (participle present)
sued (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
suen (infinitive)
to suen (infinitive)
sue (infinitive)
sue (first-person present singular)
sued (first-person past singular)
suest (present second-person singular)
suedest (past second-person singular)
sueth (present singular third-person)
sued (past singular third-person)
sue (present singular subjunctive)
sued (past singular subjunctive)
sue (imperative present singular)
suen (plural present)
sue (plural present)
sueden (past plural)
suede (past plural)
sueth (imperative plural present)
sue (imperative plural present)
suynge (participle present)
suende (participle present)
sued (participle past)
ysued (participle past)

English: sue

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman suer, from Old French sivre, from Vulgar Latin *sequere, from Latin sequī.


feien

feien (infinitive)
to feien (infinitive)
feie (infinitive)
feie (first-person present singular)
feied (first-person past singular)
feiest (present second-person singular)
feiedest (past second-person singular)
feieth (present singular third-person)
feied (past singular third-person)
feie (present singular subjunctive)
feied (past singular subjunctive)
feie (imperative present singular)
feien (plural present)
feie (plural present)
feieden (past plural)
feiede (past plural)
feieth (imperative plural present)
feie (imperative plural present)
feiynge (participle present)
feiende (participle present)
feied (participle past)
yfeied (participle past)
veien (alternative)

English: fay

From Old English fēġan, from Proto-West Germanic *fōgijan, from Proto-Germanic *fōgijaną.


housen

housen (third-person singular simple present houseth, present participle housende, housynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle housed)

houseth (present singular third-person)
housende (participle present)
housynge (participle present)
housed (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
housen (infinitive)
to housen (infinitive)
house (infinitive)
house (first-person present singular)
housed (first-person past singular)
housest (present second-person singular)
housedest (past second-person singular)
houseth (present singular third-person)
housed (past singular third-person)
house (present singular subjunctive)
housed (past singular subjunctive)
house (imperative present singular)
housen (plural present)
house (plural present)
houseden (past plural)
housede (past plural)
houseth (imperative plural present)
house (imperative plural present)
housynge (participle present)
housende (participle present)
housed (participle past)
yhoused (participle past)
house (alternative)
howse (alternative)
howsen (alternative)
howsyn (alternative)
huse (alternative)

English: house

Scots: house, hoose

Inherited from Old English hūsian, from Proto-West Germanic *hūsōn, from Proto-Germanic *hūsōną; equivalent to hous + -en (infinitival suffix).

To accommodate or lodge; to have as a guest:

To give out accommodations (to someone).

To shelter or reside (in a house or building)

To build, construct (houses or buildings).

To set up or arrange accommodation (in a building)


nappen

nappen (infinitive)
to nappen (infinitive)
nappe (infinitive)
nappe (first-person present singular)
napped (first-person past singular)
nappest (present second-person singular)
nappedest (past second-person singular)
nappeth (present singular third-person)
napped (past singular third-person)
nappe (present singular subjunctive)
napped (past singular subjunctive)
nappe (imperative present singular)
nappen (plural present)
nappe (plural present)
nappeden (past plural)
nappede (past plural)
nappeth (imperative plural present)
nappe (imperative plural present)
nappynge (participle present)
nappende (participle present)
napped (participle past)
ynapped (participle past)
nap (alternative)
nape (alternative)
nappe (alternative)
nappi (alternative)
nappyn (alternative)

English: nap

Scots: nap

Inherited from Old English hnappian, from Proto-West Germanic *hnappōn, of unknown origin.

(rare, Christianity) To be uninformed or unprepared for Hell.


platten

From Old English plættan (“to buffet, strike, slap, smack, to give a sounding blow”), from Proto-Germanic *platjaną (“to strike, beat”), from Proto-Indo-European *blod-, *bled- (“to strike, beat”). Cognate with Middle Dutch platten, pletten (“to strike, bruise, crush, rub”) (whence Dutch pletteren), German platzen (“to burst, split, break up, bounce”), Swedish plätta (“to tap, pat”). Compare Old English plætt (“slap, smack, a sounding blow”). See pat.

cog

c. 1380, Piers Plowman (A)

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

Peronelle Proude-herte platte hir to the erthe,

(transitive) to strike with the hand; to slap


gasen

gasen (infinitive)
to gasen (infinitive)
gase (infinitive)
gase (first-person present singular)
gased (first-person past singular)
gasest (present second-person singular)
gasedest (past second-person singular)
gaseth (present singular third-person)
gased (past singular third-person)
gase (present singular subjunctive)
gased (past singular subjunctive)
gase (imperative present singular)
gasen (plural present)
gase (plural present)
gaseden (past plural)
gasede (past plural)
gaseth (imperative plural present)
gase (imperative plural present)
gasynge (participle present)
gasende (participle present)
gased (participle past)
gace (alternative)
gase (alternative)
gaze (alternative)

English: gaze

Scots: gase, gais

Yola: gazt (preterite)

Borrowed from a North Germanic language; compare dialectal Swedish gasa.


greven

greven (infinitive)
to greven (infinitive)
greve (infinitive)
greve (first-person present singular)
greved (first-person past singular)
grevest (present second-person singular)
grevedest (past second-person singular)
greveth (present singular third-person)
greved (past singular third-person)
greve (present singular subjunctive)
greved (past singular subjunctive)
greve (imperative present singular)
greven (plural present)
greve (plural present)
greveden (past plural)
grevede (past plural)
greveth (imperative plural present)
greve (imperative plural present)
grevynge (participle present)
grevende (participle present)
greved (participle past)
ygreved (participle past)
grevien (alternative)
grewen (alternative)

English: grieve

Yola: grieefeth (preterite)

Borrowed from Old French grever, from Latin gravō, gravāre.


kissen

enm-verb

kissen (third-person singular simple present kisseth, present participle kissende, kissynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle kisteaccel-form=1//3|s|past|ind)

kisseth (present singular third-person)
kissende (participle present)
kissynge (participle present)
kissen (infinitive)
to kissen (infinitive)
kisse (infinitive)
kisse (first-person present singular)
kiste (first-person past singular)
kissed (first-person past singular)
kissest (present second-person singular)
kistest (past second-person singular)
kissedest (past second-person singular)
kisseth (present singular third-person)
kiste (past singular third-person)
kissed (past singular third-person)
kisse (present singular subjunctive)
kiste (past singular subjunctive)
kissed (past singular subjunctive)
kisse (imperative present singular)
kissen (plural present)
kisse (plural present)
kisten (past plural)
kiste (past plural)
kisseden (past plural)
kissede (past plural)
kisseth (imperative plural present)
kisse (imperative plural present)
kissynge (participle present)
kissende (participle present)
kist (participle past)
kissed (participle past)
ykist (participle past)
ykissed (participle past)
cusse (alternative)
cussen (alternative)
kess (alternative)
kessen (alternative)
kis (alternative)
kiss (alternative)
kisse (alternative)
kysse (alternative)
kussen (alternative)

English: kiss

→ Esperanto: kisi

Scots: kiss

Yola: kisth (preterite)

From Old English cyssan, from Proto-West Germanic *kussijan, from Proto-Germanic *kussijaną; equivalent to cos + -en (infinitival suffix).


trippen

trippen (infinitive)
to trippen (infinitive)
trippe (infinitive)
trippe (first-person present singular)
tripped (first-person past singular)
trippest (present second-person singular)
trippedest (past second-person singular)
trippeth (present singular third-person)
tripped (past singular third-person)
trippe (present singular subjunctive)
tripped (past singular subjunctive)
trippe (imperative present singular)
trippen (plural present)
trippe (plural present)
trippeden (past plural)
trippede (past plural)
trippeth (imperative plural present)
trippe (imperative plural present)
trippynge (participle present)
trippende (participle present)
tripped (participle past)
ytripped (participle past)
tripen (alternative)
treppen (alternative)
tryppyn (alternative)
tryppe (alternative)
trippe (alternative)
tryp (alternative)

English: trip

Scots: trip

Probably from Old French triper; equivalent to trip (“that which causes a misstep”) + -en (infinitival suffix).

af

To walk rhythmically or acrobatically, to dance.


attamen

enm-verb

attamen (third-person singular simple present attameth, present participle attamende, attamynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle attamed)

attameth (present singular third-person)
attamende (participle present)
attamynge (participle present)
attamed (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
attemen (alternative)

From Old French atamer, from Latin attāminō (“to touch, attack, defile”).


attamen

alternative form of atamen (“to train (an animal)”)


feren

feren (infinitive)
to feren (infinitive)
fere (infinitive)
fere (first-person present singular)
fered (first-person past singular)
ferde (first-person past singular)
ferest (present second-person singular)
feredest (past second-person singular)
ferdest (past second-person singular)
fereth (present singular third-person)
fered (past singular third-person)
ferde (past singular third-person)
fere (present singular subjunctive)
fered (past singular subjunctive)
ferde (past singular subjunctive)
fere (imperative present singular)
feren (plural present)
fere (plural present)
fereden (past plural)
ferede (past plural)
ferden (past plural)
ferde (past plural)
fereth (imperative plural present)
fere (imperative plural present)
ferynge (participle present)
ferende (participle present)
fered (participle past)
ferd (participle past)
yfered (participle past)
yferd (participle past)

English: fear

Yola: fare

From Old English fǣran, from Proto-West Germanic *fārijan, from Proto-Germanic *fērijaną; equivalent to fer (“fear”) + -en (infinitival suffix).


knoppen

knoppen (infinitive)
to knoppen (infinitive)
knoppe (infinitive)
knoppe (first-person present singular)
knopped (first-person past singular)
knoppest (present second-person singular)
knoppedest (past second-person singular)
knoppeth (present singular third-person)
knopped (past singular third-person)
knoppe (present singular subjunctive)
knopped (past singular subjunctive)
knoppe (imperative present singular)
knoppen (plural present)
knoppe (plural present)
knoppeden (past plural)
knoppede (past plural)
knoppeth (imperative plural present)
knoppe (imperative plural present)
knoppynge (participle present)
knoppende (participle present)
knopped (participle past)
yknopped (participle past)
knoppe (alternative)

English: knop (obsolete)

To put on, insert or install a part; to furnish.


axen

axen (infinitive)
to axen (infinitive)
axe (infinitive)
axe (first-person present singular)
axed (first-person past singular)
axte (first-person past singular)
axest (present second-person singular)
axedest (past second-person singular)
axtest (past second-person singular)
axeth (present singular third-person)
axed (past singular third-person)
axte (past singular third-person)
axe (present singular subjunctive)
axed (past singular subjunctive)
axte (past singular subjunctive)
axe (imperative present singular)
axen (plural present)
axe (plural present)
axeden (past plural)
axede (past plural)
axten (past plural)
axte (past plural)
axeth (imperative plural present)
axe (imperative plural present)
axynge (participle present)
axende (participle present)
axed (participle past)
axt (participle past)
axien (alternative)
asken (alternative)
askien (alternative)
aschen (alternative)
aishen (alternative)
axe (alternative)
axse (alternative)
aske (alternative)
asshe (alternative)
asche (alternative)
aski (alternative)
eskien (alternative)
eschen (alternative)
easki (alternative)
eski (alternative)
ix (alternative)
oxien (alternative)
oxen (alternative)
axie (alternative)
axsy (alternative)
asse (alternative)
asskenn (alternative)

English: ask (dialectal ax, axe, aks)

Scots: ask, as, ax

Yola: ishe

From Old English ācsian, āxian, metathetic forms of āscian, from Proto-West Germanic *aiskōn.

(intransitive, transitive, ditransitive) To ask, enquire or question:

To formulate or proffer a question or query.

To ask for a response (to a question or query).

but if þei wolen ony þing lerne .· at hoom axe þei her hoſebondis / foꝛ it is foule þing to a womman .· to ſpeke in chirche

c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Coꝛinthis ·i· 14:35, page 66v, column 2; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:

But if they want to learn anything, they should ask their husbands at home, because it's a revolting thing for a woman to speak in church.

To ask, enquire or question:
To request knowledge or information.

To ask for a favour or reward; to supplicate.

To pray for something; to supplicate a divinity.

Axe ȝe .· ⁊ it ſchal be ȝouun to ȝou / ſeke ȝe .· ⁊ ȝe ſchulen fynde / knocke ȝe .· ⁊ it ſchal be opened to ȝou / foꝛ ech that axiþ .· takiþ / and he that ſekiþ .· fyndiþ / and it ſchal be openyde to hym .· that knockiþ

c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Matheu 7:7-8, page 3v, column 2; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:

Ask, and you'll receive it; look, and you'll find; knock, and it'll be opened for you. / Because anyone who asks takes, someone that looks finds, and that'll be opened to them that knocks.

(transitive) To look for something; to attempt to find something:

To search for an object, place, or person.

To search for recommendations or information.

(ambitransitive, ditransitive) To want or require (something or someone).

(ambitransitive, ditransitive) To command or require (someone to do something).

(transitive) To trial or examine (something)

(rare, ambitransitive) To acquire knowledge through examination.

(rare, transitive) To endeavour to do (something).

(rare, transitive) To aim to visit a location.

(rare, transitive) To have a tendency towards a certain way or direction.


fostren

enm-verb

fostren (third-person singular simple present fostreth, present participle fostrende, fostrynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle fostred)

fostreth (present singular third-person)
fostrende (participle present)
fostrynge (participle present)
fostred (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
fostren (infinitive)
to fostren (infinitive)
fostre (infinitive)
fostre (first-person present singular)
fostred (first-person past singular)
fostrest (present second-person singular)
fostredest (past second-person singular)
fostreth (present singular third-person)
fostred (past singular third-person)
fostre (present singular subjunctive)
fostred (past singular subjunctive)
fostre (imperative present singular)
fostren (plural present)
fostre (plural present)
fostreden (past plural)
fostrede (past plural)
fostreth (imperative plural present)
fostre (imperative plural present)
fostrynge (participle present)
fostrende (participle present)
fostred (participle past)
yfostred (participle past)
ffostren (alternative)
forstre (alternative)
foster (alternative)
fostre (alternative)
fosstrenn (alternative)
fostrien (alternative)
fostrin (alternative)

English: foster

Scots: foster

Inherited from Old English fōstran, fōstrian, alteration of fēstran (after fōster), from Proto-West Germanic *fōstrijan, from Proto-Germanic *fōstrijaną; equivalent to foster + -en (infinitival suffix).

To supply with food or nourishment; to feed.

To guard or cherish; to provide with protection or support.


geten

geten (infinitive)
to geten (infinitive)
gete (infinitive)
gete (first-person present singular)
gat (first-person past singular)
getest (present second-person singular)
gate (past second-person singular)
gat (past second-person singular)
geteth (present singular third-person)
gat (past singular third-person)
gete (present singular subjunctive)
gate (past singular subjunctive)
gete (imperative present singular)
geten (plural present)
gete (plural present)
gaten (past plural)
gate (past plural)
geteth (imperative plural present)
gete (imperative plural present)
getynge (participle present)
getende (participle present)
geten (participle past)
gete (participle past)
ygeten (participle past)
ygete (participle past)
getten (alternative)

English: get

Yola: get

Borrowed from Old Norse geta, from Proto-Germanic *getaną.


syften

syften (third-person singular simple present syfteth, present participle syftende, syftynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle syfted)

syfteth (present singular third-person)
syftende (participle present)
syftynge (participle present)
syfted (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
syften (infinitive)
to syften (infinitive)
syfte (infinitive)
syfte (first-person present singular)
syfted (first-person past singular)
syftest (present second-person singular)
syftedest (past second-person singular)
syfteth (present singular third-person)
syfted (past singular third-person)
syfte (present singular subjunctive)
syfted (past singular subjunctive)
syfte (imperative present singular)
syften (plural present)
syfte (plural present)
syfteden (past plural)
syftede (past plural)
syfteth (imperative plural present)
syfte (imperative plural present)
syftynge (participle present)
syftende (participle present)
syfted (participle past)
ysyfted (participle past)
cyftyn (alternative)
siften (alternative)

English: sift

Scots: sift

From Old English siftan, from Proto-West Germanic *siftijan.

To sift, strain, or percolate; to pass through a riddle.

(rare) To use a sieve to spread ashes around.


tydde

Hit tidde after on a time · as tellus our bokes / as þis bold barn his beſtes · blybeliche keped[…]

c. 1335-1361, William of Palerne (MS. King's College 13), folio 6, recto, lines 198-199; republished as W. W. Skeat, editor, The Romance of William of Palerne, London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co., 1867, →OCLC, page 12:

Afterwards, as our books record, it happened one day that / while this brave child was peacefully looking after his animals […]

first/third-person singular past indicative of tyden

(later) second-person singular past indicative of tyden


bifallen

bifallen (third-person singular simple present bifalleth, present participle bifallende, first-/third-person singular past indicative bifell, past participle bifallen)

bifalleth (present singular third-person)
bifallende (participle present)
bifell (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
bifallen (participle past)
bivallen (alternative)
bifeallen (alternative)

English: befall

Scots: befaw

From Old English befeallan, from Proto-Germanic *bifallaną, equivalent to bi- + fallen.

Bifil that in that seson, on a day, / In Southwerk at the Tabard as I lay

c. 1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Canterbury Tales, General Prologue, lines 19–20:

It happened that, in that season, on a day / In Southwark, at the Tabard, as I lay


astonen

astonen (third-person singular simple present astoneth, present participle astonende, astonynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle astoned)

astoneth (present singular third-person)
astonende (participle present)
astonynge (participle present)
astoned (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)

Uncertain; either (1) in the earlier normal form *astunien, from Old English *āstunian, from ā- + stunian (“to resound”), or (2) from Old French estoner, from Latin as if *extono, equivalent to attonare (“to strike with a thunderbolt, stun, asonish”) (chiefly in pp. attonitus), from ex (“out”) + tono (“to thunder”).


folden

folden (third-person singular simple present foldeth, present participle foldynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative feld, past participle folden)

foldeth (present singular third-person)
foldynge (participle present)
feld (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
folden (participle past)
folden (infinitive)
to folden (infinitive)
folde (infinitive)
folde (first-person present singular)
feld (first-person past singular)
folded (first-person past singular)
foldest (present second-person singular)
felde (past second-person singular)
feld (past second-person singular)
foldedest (past second-person singular)
foldeth (present singular third-person)
feld (past singular third-person)
folded (past singular third-person)
folde (present singular subjunctive)
felde (past singular subjunctive)
folded (past singular subjunctive)
folde (imperative present singular)
folden (plural present)
folde (plural present)
felden (past plural)
felde (past plural)
foldeden (past plural)
foldede (past plural)
foldeth (imperative plural present)
folde (imperative plural present)
foldynge (participle present)
foldende (participle present)
folden (participle past)
folde (participle past)
folded (participle past)
yfolden (participle past)
yfolde (participle past)
foldyn (alternative)
ffolde (alternative)
folde (alternative)
volden (alternative)
volde (alternative)
falde (alternative)
ffalde (alternative)
fawlde (alternative)

English: fold

Scots: fald, fauld

From Old English fealdan, from Proto-West Germanic *falþan, from Proto-Germanic *falþaną.

To bend; to flex:
To fold; to bend over.


mensk

Ȝit I may as I myȝte · menske þe with ȝiftes / And mayntene þi manhode · more þan þow knoweste.

c. 1385, William Langland, Piers Plowman, section III:

Yet I may, as I might, honour thee with gifts and maintain thy manhood more than thou knowest.

It sall ger hir be ful fain / To mensk oure goddes with al hir main.

Her harvest shall be very pleasing / To honour our goddess with all her power.


underfongen

English: underfong

From Old English underfōn (“to receive, obtain, take, accept, take in, entertain, take up, undertake, assume, adopt, submit to, undergo, steal”), from Proto-Germanic *under + *fanhaną (“to take, receive”). Cognate with Dutch ondervangen (“to overcome, forestall”), German unterfangen (“to venture, dare”).

cog

underfangen (alternative)
undervongen (alternative)

For that he is so puissant and so strong, / That with his powre he all doth overgo, / And makes them subject to his mighty wrong; / And some by sleight he eke doth underfong.

1596, Edmund Spenser, “Book V, Canto II”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:

(transitive) to insnare; entrap; deceive by false suggestions

(transitive) to support or guard from beneath


xuld

(East Anglia) alternative form of scholde


forshrinken

enm-verb

forshrinken (third-person singular simple present forshrinketh, present participle forshrinkende, forshrinkynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative forshrank, past participle forshronken)

forshrinketh (present singular third-person)
forshrinkende (participle present)
forshrinkynge (participle present)
forshrank (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
forshronken (participle past)
forscrincæn (alternative)
forschrinken (alternative)

From Old English forsċrincan (“to shrink up, dry up, wither away”), equivalent to for- (“completely, to the fullest extent”) + shrinken.

af

Forshrunk with heat the ladies eke to-brent, [...]

c. 1470, unknown, The Floure and the Leafe:

(intransitive) to shrink up; dry up; wither


fornim

first-person singular indicative present

inflection of fornimen:
singular imperative


thenken

enm-verb

thenken (third-person singular simple present thenketh, present participle thenkende, first-/third-person singular past indicative thoght, past participle ithoght)

thenketh (present singular third-person)
thenkende (participle present)
thoght (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
ithoght (participle past)


teamen

alternative form of temen (“to give birth, to support”)


spillen

spillen (infinitive)
to spillen (infinitive)
spille (infinitive)
spille (first-person present singular)
spilled (first-person past singular)
spillest (present second-person singular)
spilledest (past second-person singular)
spilleth (present singular third-person)
spilled (past singular third-person)
spille (present singular subjunctive)
spilled (past singular subjunctive)
spille (imperative present singular)
spillen (plural present)
spille (plural present)
spilleden (past plural)
spillede (past plural)
spilleth (imperative plural present)
spille (imperative plural present)
spillynge (participle present)
spillende (participle present)
spilled (participle past)
yspilled (participle past)
spylle (alternative)
spille (alternative)
spyl (alternative)
spil (alternative)
spyll (alternative)
spill (alternative)
spilden (alternative)
spyllyn (alternative)

English: spill

Scots: spill

From Old English spillan, from Proto-West Germanic *spilþijan.

to slaughter, eliminate; to cause the death of

to pass away; to face death or the end of life

to demolish, liquidate, or ruin; to make barren or turn into wasteland

to extirpate, or extinguish; to totally ruin

to disappear; to be demolished or smashed

to cause disorder and chaos; to wreck or totally damage (usually used figuratively)

to damage, harm, or hurt; to ruin or interrupt (used figuratively)

to misuse; to use ineffectively or erroneously

(Christianity) to punish by sending to Hell


sacren

sacren (third-person singular simple present sacreth, present participle sacrende, sacrynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle sacred)

sacreth (present singular third-person)
sacrende (participle present)
sacrynge (participle present)
sacred (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)

English: sacre

⇒ Middle English: sacred, isacred

English: sacred

From Old French sacrer (“to consecrate, anoint, dedicate”), from Latin sacrāre, from sacer (“sacred, holy”), from Proto-Indo-European *sh₂krós (“sacred”), from *seh₂k- (“to sanctify, to make a treaty”).

bor

To consecrate, especially with reference to the Eucharist or to a person of holy office such as a bishop or king

To dedicate to a god, or by extension to another being or person


derven

enm-verb

derven (third-person singular simple present derveth, present participle dervende, first-/third-person singular past indicative darf, past participle ydorven)

derveth (present singular third-person)
dervende (participle present)
darf (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
ydorven (participle past)

From Old English deorfan (“to exert oneself, labor; be in peril, perish, be wrecked”), from Proto-West Germanic *derban, from Proto-Germanic *derbaną (“to perish, work”). Some senses (transitive) apparently from Old English *dierfan, from Proto-Germanic *darbijaną, causative of the above.
Cognate with Dutch bederven, verderven (“to spoil, corrupt, pervert”), Low German verdarven (“to spoil”), German verderben (“to ruin, spoil, corrupt”), Icelandic fordjarfa (“to disgrace”), Lithuanian di̇̀rbti (“to work”).

cog

(transitive) To trouble; grieve; hurt; afflict; molest.


setten

setten (infinitive)
to setten (infinitive)
sette (infinitive)
sette (first-person present singular)
sette (first-person past singular)
satte (first-person past singular)
setted (first-person past singular)
settest (present second-person singular)
settest (past second-person singular)
sattest (past second-person singular)
settedest (past second-person singular)
setteth (present singular third-person)
sette (past singular third-person)
satte (past singular third-person)
setted (past singular third-person)
sette (present singular subjunctive)
sette (past singular subjunctive)
satte (past singular subjunctive)
setted (past singular subjunctive)
sette (imperative present singular)
setten (plural present)
sette (plural present)
setten (past plural)
sette (past plural)
satten (past plural)
satte (past plural)
setteden (past plural)
settede (past plural)
setteth (imperative plural present)
sette (imperative plural present)
settynge (participle present)
settende (participle present)
set (participle past)
sat (participle past)
setted (participle past)
yset (participle past)
ysat (participle past)
cetten (alternative)
settan (alternative)
settæn (alternative)
sætten (alternative)
seit (alternative)
sette (alternative)
sete (alternative)
zetten (alternative Kent)
zete (alternative Kent)

English: set

Scots: sett, set

Yola: zet, set


witen

enm-verb

witen (third-person singular simple present woot, present participle witynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative wiste, past participle witen)

woot (present singular third-person)
witynge (participle present)
wiste (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
witen (participle past)
witen (infinitive)
to witen (infinitive)
wite (infinitive)
wote (infinitive)
woot (first-person present singular)
wiste (first-person past singular)
woost (present second-person singular)
wistest (past second-person singular)
woot (present singular third-person)
wiste (past singular third-person)
wite (present singular subjunctive)
wote (present singular subjunctive)
wiste (past singular subjunctive)
wite (imperative present singular)
wote (imperative present singular)
witen (plural present)
wite (plural present)
woten (plural present)
wote (plural present)
wisten (past plural)
wiste (past plural)
witeth (imperative plural present)
wite (imperative plural present)
woteth (imperative plural present)
wote (imperative plural present)
witynge (participle present)
witende (participle present)
witen (participle past)
wite (participle past)
wist (participle past)
wete (alternative)
weten (alternative)
wetyn (alternative)
wite (alternative)
witenn (alternative)
witten (alternative)
wyett (alternative)
wyt (alternative)
wyte (alternative)
wyten (alternative)
woten (alternative)

English: wit, weet

Scots: wit

From Old English witan, weotan, from Proto-Germanic *witaną, from Proto-Indo-European *weyd- (“see, know”). Cognate with Dutch weten, German wissen, and Swedish veta.

inh

god wot

to be aware (of a situation, fact, etc.):

to have a full understanding (of something)

if þe woꝛld hatiþ ȝou .· wite me þat it hadde me in hate raþer þan ȝou /

c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Joon 15:18, page 51v; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:

If the world hates you, be aware that it had me hating it before you did.

to recognise; to comprehend (something):

to discern; to distinguish (something from another)

to experience, to be familiar with (something):

for ought ich wot

to be confident (something is the case or will happen)


shouten

enm-verb

shouten (third-person singular simple present shouteth, present participle shoutende, shoutynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle shouted)

shouteth (present singular third-person)
shoutende (participle present)
shoutynge (participle present)
shouted (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
shouten (infinitive)
to shouten (infinitive)
shoute (infinitive)
shoute (first-person present singular)
shouted (first-person past singular)
shoutest (present second-person singular)
shoutedest (past second-person singular)
shouteth (present singular third-person)
shouted (past singular third-person)
shoute (present singular subjunctive)
shouted (past singular subjunctive)
shoute (imperative present singular)
shouten (plural present)
shoute (plural present)
shouteden (past plural)
shoutede (past plural)
shouteth (imperative plural present)
shoute (imperative plural present)
shoutynge (participle present)
shoutende (participle present)
shouted (participle past)
yshouted (participle past)
shoute (alternative)

English: shout

to shout (communicate orally in a loud voice)


losen

losen (infinitive)
to losen (infinitive)
lose (infinitive)
lose (first-person present singular)
losed (first-person past singular)
losest (present second-person singular)
losedest (past second-person singular)
loseth (present singular third-person)
losed (past singular third-person)
lose (present singular subjunctive)
losed (past singular subjunctive)
lose (imperative present singular)
losen (plural present)
lose (plural present)
loseden (past plural)
losede (past plural)
loseth (imperative plural present)
lose (imperative plural present)
losynge (participle present)
losende (participle present)
losed (participle past)
ylosed (participle past)
loysen (alternative)
lowsen (alternative)
lausen (alternative)
laucen (alternative)

English: loose, loosen

Yola: lhowse, lowse, lous, lhause


fisshen

fisshen (third-person singular simple present fissheth, present participle fisshende, fisshynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle fisshed)

fissheth (present singular third-person)
fisshende (participle present)
fisshynge (participle present)
fisshed (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
fisshen (infinitive)
to fisshen (infinitive)
fisshe (infinitive)
fisshe (first-person present singular)
fisshed (first-person past singular)
fisshest (present second-person singular)
fisshedest (past second-person singular)
fissheth (present singular third-person)
fisshed (past singular third-person)
fisshe (present singular subjunctive)
fisshed (past singular subjunctive)
fisshe (imperative present singular)
fisshen (plural present)
fisshe (plural present)
fissheden (past plural)
fisshede (past plural)
fissheth (imperative plural present)
fisshe (imperative plural present)
fisshynge (participle present)
fisshende (participle present)
fisshed (participle past)
yfisshed (participle past)

English: fish

Scots: fish

From Old English fiscian, from Proto-Germanic *fiskōną.


gleon

alternative form of glewen (“to play music”)


squatten

squatten (third-person singular simple present squatteth, present participle squattende, squattynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle squatted)

squatteth (present singular third-person)
squattende (participle present)
squattynge (participle present)
squatted (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)

Frequently "squattinge doune and priinge if they can spie any to shoot at"


mylken

mylken (third-person singular simple present mylketh, present participle mylkende, mylkynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle mylked)

mylketh (present singular third-person)
mylkende (participle present)
mylkynge (participle present)
mylked (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
mylken (infinitive)
to mylken (infinitive)
mylke (infinitive)
mylke (first-person present singular)
mylked (first-person past singular)
mylkest (present second-person singular)
mylkedest (past second-person singular)
mylketh (present singular third-person)
mylked (past singular third-person)
mylke (present singular subjunctive)
mylked (past singular subjunctive)
mylke (imperative present singular)
mylken (plural present)
mylke (plural present)
mylkeden (past plural)
mylkede (past plural)
mylketh (imperative plural present)
mylke (imperative plural present)
mylkynge (participle present)
mylkende (participle present)
mylked (participle past)
ymylked (participle past)
milke (alternative)
melke (alternative)
mulke (alternative)

English: milk

Yola: mulke

From Old English melcan, meolcan, from Proto-Germanic *melkaną.


mollen

mollen (third-person singular simple present molleth, present participle mollende, mollynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle molled)

molleth (present singular third-person)
mollende (participle present)
mollynge (participle present)
molled (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
mollen (infinitive)
to mollen (infinitive)
molle (infinitive)
molle (first-person present singular)
molled (first-person past singular)
mollest (present second-person singular)
molledest (past second-person singular)
molleth (present singular third-person)
molled (past singular third-person)
molle (present singular subjunctive)
molled (past singular subjunctive)
molle (imperative present singular)
mollen (plural present)
molle (plural present)
molleden (past plural)
mollede (past plural)
molleth (imperative plural present)
molle (imperative plural present)
mollynge (participle present)
mollende (participle present)
molled (participle past)
ymolled (participle past)
moillen (alternative)
mul (alternative)
mullyn (alternative)

English: mull, moil

Yola: moile

From Old French moillier, from Latin *molliāre.


rowen

rowen (infinitive)
to rowen (infinitive)
rowe (infinitive)
rowe (first-person present singular)
rew (first-person past singular)
rowed (first-person past singular)
rowest (present second-person singular)
rewe (past second-person singular)
rew (past second-person singular)
rowedest (past second-person singular)
roweth (present singular third-person)
rew (past singular third-person)
rowed (past singular third-person)
rowe (present singular subjunctive)
rewe (past singular subjunctive)
rowed (past singular subjunctive)
rowe (imperative present singular)
rowen (plural present)
rowe (plural present)
rewen (past plural)
rewe (past plural)
roweden (past plural)
rowede (past plural)
roweth (imperative plural present)
rowe (imperative plural present)
rowynge (participle present)
rowende (participle present)
rowen (participle past)
rowe (participle past)
rowed (participle past)
rowe (alternative)
rouwen (alternative)
rowyn (alternative)
reowen (alternative)

English: row

Scots: row

To row; paddle (use oars to power a seaborne vehicle)

To move by rowing or paddling (to move by using oars to power a seaborne vehicle)

To move in the water; to paddle or splash.


rowen

rowen (infinitive)
to rowen (infinitive)
rowe (infinitive)
rowe (first-person present singular)
rowed (first-person past singular)
rowest (present second-person singular)
rowedest (past second-person singular)
roweth (present singular third-person)
rowed (past singular third-person)
rowe (present singular subjunctive)
rowed (past singular subjunctive)
rowe (imperative present singular)
rowen (plural present)
rowe (plural present)
roweden (past plural)
rowede (past plural)
roweth (imperative plural present)
rowe (imperative plural present)
rowynge (participle present)
rowende (participle present)
rowed (participle past)
yrowed (participle past)
rowe (alternative)
rewen (alternative)
rewe (alternative)

From rewe (“row”) + -en (infinitival suffix).


inbland

Compare Old High German inblantan ("to add to, impose"; whence Middle High German inblanden (“to add to, impose, demand”)), Danish indblande (“to implicate”), Swedish inblanda (“to involve, intermingle, intersperse”).

gl

"to add to, impose"; whence Middle High German <i class="Latn mention" lang="gmh">inblanden</i> (“to add to, impose, demand”)


wyll

And than we wyll begynne at the pawne whiche standeth to fore the rooke on the right side of the kinge for as moche as this pawne apperteyneth to serue the vicaire or lieutenant of the kynge and other officers vnder hym of necessaryes of vitayll/

1474, Caxton, Game and Playe of the Chesse:

alternative form of willen (“(we) will”)


ȝe

To ȝe, vosare jn plurali numero vos vestrum vel tibi [perh. read vobis].

1483, Catholicon Anglicum: An English–Latin Wordbook (Monson 168), page 426

to address a single person by the use of the pronoun ye instead of thou


welden

enm-verb

welden (third-person singular simple present weldeth, present participle weldende, weldynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle welded)

weldeth (present singular third-person)
weldende (participle present)
weldynge (participle present)
welded (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
weld (alternative)
welde (alternative)
weldon (alternative)
wielde (alternative)
wild (alternative)
wilde (alternative)
wold (alternative)
wolde (alternative)
wolden (alternative)
weld (alternative)
welde (alternative)
weild (alternative)
weilde (alternative)
veild (alternative)
weild (alternative Northern)
weilde (alternative Northern)
veild (alternative Northern)
wald (alternative Northern)
walde (alternative Northern)
walden (alternative)
wælden (alternative)
wald (alternative Early-Middle-English)
walde (alternative Early-Middle-English)
wealde (alternative Early-Middle-English)
wealden (alternative Early-Middle-English)
uelden (alternative Early-Middle-English)

English: wield, English: wald

Scots: wield, Scots: wald

From Old English wealdan, from Proto-Germanic *waldaną (“to rule”).


welden

(chiefly Early Middle English) alternative form of welled: past plural of wellen


quook

That lyk an aspen leef he quook for ire.

1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “(please specify the story)”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC:


yronne

alternative form of ironne (past participle of irennen)


ymaked

I seigh a toure on a toft, trielich y-maked […]

c. 1380, William Langland, The Vision of Piers Plowman, section I:


ybe

alternative form of been (“been”, past participle)


ypaid

Thus hath hir lord, the god of love, ypayed

1387, Chaucer, “v. 1802”, in The Knight's Tale, (alternative spelling) edition:

Foly I hauntid it ever, ther myght no man me let, And now he hath ypaid me, he is cleen out of my dett;


gaderen

gaderen (infinitive)
to gaderen (infinitive)
gadere (infinitive)
gadere (first-person present singular)
gadered (first-person past singular)
gaderest (present second-person singular)
gaderedest (past second-person singular)
gadereth (present singular third-person)
gadered (past singular third-person)
gadere (present singular subjunctive)
gadered (past singular subjunctive)
gadere (imperative present singular)
gaderen (plural present)
gadere (plural present)
gadereden (past plural)
gaderede (past plural)
gadereth (imperative plural present)
gadere (imperative plural present)
gaderynge (participle present)
gaderende (participle present)
gadered (participle past)
ygadered (participle past)
gederen (alternative)
getheren (alternative)
gideren (alternative)
gither (alternative)

English: gather

desc

Scots: gader, gadder, forgadder, gaither

Yola: gother (preterite) ⇒ agyther

From Old English gaderian, gæderian, from Proto-West Germanic *gadurōn.


yaf

English: yave

Yola: ya

He yaf hym yiftes preciouse and deere.

there the erl of Dunbar becam his manne, and the kyng yaf him the Counte of Richemunde.

c. 1471, An English Chronicle, 1377-1461:


fannen

fannen (infinitive)
to fannen (infinitive)
fanne (infinitive)
fanne (first-person present singular)
fanned (first-person past singular)
fannest (present second-person singular)
fannedest (past second-person singular)
fanneth (present singular third-person)
fanned (past singular third-person)
fanne (present singular subjunctive)
fanned (past singular subjunctive)
fanne (imperative present singular)
fannen (plural present)
fanne (plural present)
fanneden (past plural)
fannede (past plural)
fanneth (imperative plural present)
fanne (imperative plural present)
fannynge (participle present)
fannende (participle present)
fanned (participle past)
yfanned (participle past)
vanne (alternative)
vanni (alternative)
fanne (alternative)

English: fan

Scots: fan

From Old English fannian, from Latin vannō; equivalent to fan + -en (infinitival suffix).

To process grain as to remove waste from usable product; to winnow.

(rare) To move one's wings; to make a flapping motion.

(rare) To blow; to move away by using the wind's motion.


quave

(Late Middle English) alternative form of quaven


fillen

enm-verb

fillen (third-person singular simple present filleth, present participle fillynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative filde, past participle fild)

filleth (present singular third-person)
fillynge (participle present)
filde (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
fild (participle past)
fillen (infinitive)
to fillen (infinitive)
fille (infinitive)
fille (first-person present singular)
filled (first-person past singular)
filde (first-person past singular)
fillest (present second-person singular)
filledest (past second-person singular)
fildest (past second-person singular)
filleth (present singular third-person)
filled (past singular third-person)
filde (past singular third-person)
fille (present singular subjunctive)
filled (past singular subjunctive)
filde (past singular subjunctive)
fille (imperative present singular)
fillen (plural present)
fille (plural present)
filleden (past plural)
fillede (past plural)
filden (past plural)
filde (past plural)
filleth (imperative plural present)
fille (imperative plural present)
fillynge (participle present)
fillende (participle present)
filled (participle past)
fild (participle past)
yfilled (participle past)
yfild (participle past)
felle (alternative)
fellen (alternative)
fil (alternative)
fill (alternative)
fille (alternative)
fillyn (alternative)
fulle (alternative)
fullen (alternative)
fylle (alternative)
velle (alternative)
vullen (alternative)
fillenn (alternative Ormulum)

English: fill

Scots: fill

Yola: vill

From Old English fyllan, from Proto-West Germanic *fullijan, from Proto-Germanic *fullijaną; equivalent to fille + -en (infinitival suffix). Compare fullen.

To fill up; to make a container or cavity full.

To supply, provide or cover with (often of people)

To suffuse or instill; to cause to spread.

To alleviate or cure; to remove a condition.

To satisfy; to make happy or satiated:
To feed (sufficiently); to serve food.

To satisfy a duty or prediction; to fulfil.

To do or execute (a task):
(rare) To be fulfilling or satisfying.

To do or execute (a task):
To be fulfilling or satisfying.

To be or become full of; to spread throughout.

To pour beverages (wine, beer) into glasses.

(rare, of time) To pass; to become complete.


outnimen

outnimen (third-person singular simple present outnimeth, present participle outnimmende, first-/third-person singular past indicative outnam or outnome, past participle outnomen or outnome)

outnimeth (present singular third-person)
outnimmende (participle present)
outnam (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
outnome (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
outnomen (participle past)
outnome (participle past)

From Old English ūtniman (“to take out”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian uutnieme (“to exclude, exempt”), West Frisian útnimme, Dutch uitnemen (“to take out”), German Low German utnehmen (“to take out”), German ausnehmen (“to exclude, exempt, except”).


ȝaf

the Lord ȝaf, the Lord took awei; as it pleside the Lord, so is it doon; the name of the Lord be blessid.

(please add an English translation of this quotation)
the Lord gave, the Lord took away; as it pleased the Lord, so is it done; the name of the Lord be blessed.


undernimen

enm-verb

undernimen (third-person singular simple present undernimeth, present participle undernimmende, first-/third-person singular past indicative undernam, past participle undernome or undernum)

undernimeth (present singular third-person)
undernimmende (participle present)
undernam (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
undernome (participle past)
undernum (participle past)

From underniman (“to take in, receive, comprehend, understand, blame, be indignant at, take upon oneself, steal”) Cognate with Dutch ondernemen (“to undertake, attempt”), German unternehmen (“to undertake, attempt”).

cog

"And with that word Tiburce his brother come;
And whan that he the savour undernome*

1858 (original: circa 1400), Mary Cowden Clarke (editor), Geoffrey Chaucer (author), The Canterbury Tales, in World-noted Women; Or, Types of Womanly Attributes of All Land and Ages, page 107

Which that the roses and the lillies cast […]
Undernome—undertook—took in subordinately;—as it were, dimly perceived the scent of the flowers he could not see.
(please add an English translation of this quotation)

2004 (original: 1357–1371), John Mandeville, The Travels of Sir John Mandeville

Alas! that it is great slander to our faith and to our law, when folk that be without law shall reprove us and undernim us of our sins, [...]
(please add an English translation of this quotation)

2012 (original: ????), Sammy R Browne, A Brief Anthology of English Literature (Lulu.com), page 190

And, when she came to the point for to say that thing which she had so long concealed, her confessor was a little too hasty and gan sharply to undernim her ere that she had fully said her intent, and so she would no more say […]
(please add an English translation of this quotation)

(transitive) to blame; reprove; rebuke; reprimand; reprehend


tocomen

tocomen (infinitive)
to tocomen (infinitive)
tocome (infinitive)
tocome (first-person present singular)
tocam (first-person past singular)
tocom (first-person past singular)
tocomest (present second-person singular)
tocome (past second-person singular)
tocame (past second-person singular)
tocam (past second-person singular)
tocom (past second-person singular)
tocometh (present singular third-person)
tocam (past singular third-person)
tocom (past singular third-person)
tocome (present singular subjunctive)
tocome (past singular subjunctive)
tocame (past singular subjunctive)
tocome (imperative present singular)
tocomen (plural present)
tocome (plural present)
tocomen (past plural)
tocome (past plural)
tocamen (past plural)
tocame (past plural)
tocometh (imperative plural present)
tocome (imperative plural present)
tocomynge (participle present)
tocomende (participle present)
tocomen (participle past)
tocome (participle past)
tocumen (alternative)

From Old English tōcuman (“to come, arrive”), from Proto-Germanic *tō (“to”), *kwemaną (“to come”), equivalent to to- + comen. Cognate with Scots tocum (“to arrive, arrive at, encounter, happen”), Dutch toekomen (“to forward, deserve, merit, suffice”), German zukommen (“to come on, benefit, become”).


fulenden

enm-verb

fulenden (third-person singular simple present fulendeth, present participle fulendinge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle fulendedaccel-form=1//3|s|past|ind)

fulendeth (present singular third-person)
fulendinge (participle present)

From Old English fullendian (“to complete”), from full- + endian. Cognate with German vollenden (“to complete, accomplish”), Dutch voleindigen (“to finish, complete”).


wunnen

(Southern, south West Midlands) alternative form of winnen (“to win”)


weye

head

weye (third-person singular simple present weyeþ, past participle yweid)

weyeþ (present singular third-person)
yweid (participle past)
waye (alternative)

From the Old English wǣgan (“to delude”, “to deceive”).


makie

(Early Middle English) alternative form of maken


besenden

enm-verb

besenden (third-person singular simple present besendeth, present participle besendinge, first-/third-person singular past indicative besende or besente, past participle besend or besent)

besendeth (present singular third-person)
besendinge (participle present)
besende (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
besente (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
besend (participle past)
besent (participle past)
besenden (infinitive)
to besenden (infinitive)
besende (infinitive)
besende (first-person present singular)
besente (first-person past singular)
besende (first-person past singular)
besendest (present second-person singular)
besentest (past second-person singular)
besendest (past second-person singular)
besendeth (present singular third-person)
besente (past singular third-person)
besende (past singular third-person)
besende (present singular subjunctive)
besente (past singular subjunctive)
besende (past singular subjunctive)
besende (imperative present singular)
besenden (plural present)
besende (plural present)
besenten (past plural)
besente (past plural)
besenden (past plural)
besende (past plural)
besendeth (imperative plural present)
besende (imperative plural present)
besendynge (participle present)
besendende (participle present)
besent (participle past)
besend (participle past)

English: besend

From Old English besendan (“to send, send to”), equivalent to bi- + senden.


bitrenden

enm-verb

bitrenden (third-person singular simple present bitrendeth, present participle bitrendende, first-/third-person singular past indicative bitrente, past participle bitrent)

bitrendeth (present singular third-person)
bitrendende (participle present)
bitrente (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
bitrent (participle past)
bytrenden (alternative)
betrenden (alternative)

(transitive) To encircle or entwine (something); surround, envelop, engulf.


laughen

laughen (infinitive)
to laughen (infinitive)
laughe (infinitive)
laughe (first-person present singular)
lough (first-person past singular)
low (first-person past singular)
laughed (first-person past singular)
laughest (present second-person singular)
lowe (past second-person singular)
lough (past second-person singular)
low (past second-person singular)
laughedest (past second-person singular)
laugheth (present singular third-person)
lough (past singular third-person)
low (past singular third-person)
laughed (past singular third-person)
laughe (present singular subjunctive)
lowe (past singular subjunctive)
laughed (past singular subjunctive)
laughe (imperative present singular)
laughen (plural present)
laughe (plural present)
lowen (past plural)
lowe (past plural)
laugheden (past plural)
laughede (past plural)
laugheth (imperative plural present)
laughe (imperative plural present)
laughynge (participle present)
laughende (participle present)
laughen (participle past)
laughe (participle past)
laughed (participle past)
laughe (alternative)
laghe (alternative)
laghen (alternative)
lawen (alternative)
leigh (alternative)
leygh (alternative)
leiȝe (alternative)
leyȝe (alternative)
lauȝe (alternative)
lauȝhe (alternative)
lawȝe (alternative)
lyȝhe (alternative)
lauȝen (alternative)
lauȝwhen (alternative)
leighȝen (alternative)
lawhyn (alternative)
lahhȝhenn (alternative)
lihȝen (alternative)
lehȝen (alternative)
lahhen (alternative)
lauhwen (alternative)

English: laugh

Scots: lauch

Yola: leeigh, leigh

From Old English hlæhhan, alternative form of hlehhan, hliehhan, from Proto-West Germanic *hlahhjan, from Proto-Germanic *hlahjaną.

But right anon the worthy Knyght bigan / whan that he saugh that al the peple lough: / "Namoore of this, for it is right ynough!

a. 1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Knight's Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales, lines 961–963:

But right away the worthy Knight started / when he saw that all the people laughed: / "No more of this, because that's enough!

To laugh; to break out in laughter or laughing.

And Venus laugheth upon every wight / For Januarie was bicome hir knyght

a. 1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Merchant's Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales, lines 1723–1724:

And Venus laughs about every person / As January has become her knight

To express glee or joyfulness; to show happiness.

(usually with a preposition) To reminisce about; to remember with affection.

(rare) To laugh about an incident or thing.


bewreken

head

bewreken (past bewroke, past participle bewroken)

bewroke (past)
bewroken (participle past)

Compare Old English bewrecan (“to drive away, exile, banish”).


bewrien

bewrien (infinitive)
to bewrien (infinitive)
bewrie (infinitive)
bewrie (first-person present singular)
bewried (first-person past singular)
bewriest (present second-person singular)
bewriedest (past second-person singular)
bewrieth (present singular third-person)
bewried (past singular third-person)
bewrie (present singular subjunctive)
bewried (past singular subjunctive)
bewrie (imperative present singular)
bewrien (plural present)
bewrie (plural present)
bewrieden (past plural)
bewriede (past plural)
bewrieth (imperative plural present)
bewrie (imperative plural present)
bewriynge (participle present)
bewriende (participle present)
bewried (participle past)
ybewried (participle past)

From Old English bewrēon, bewrīhan (“to cover, hide, cover over, wrap up, enwrap”), equivalent to bi- + wrien (“to cover”).


aproven

enm-verb

aproven (third-person singular simple present aproveth, present participle aprovende, aprovynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle aproved)

aproveth (present singular third-person)
aprovende (participle present)
aprovynge (participle present)
aproved (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
aproven (infinitive)
to aproven (infinitive)
aprove (infinitive)
aprove (first-person present singular)
aproved (first-person past singular)
aprovest (present second-person singular)
aprovedest (past second-person singular)
aproveth (present singular third-person)
aproved (past singular third-person)
aprove (present singular subjunctive)
aproved (past singular subjunctive)
aprove (imperative present singular)
aproven (plural present)
aprove (plural present)
aproveden (past plural)
aprovede (past plural)
aproveth (imperative plural present)
aprove (imperative plural present)
aprovynge (participle present)
aprovende (participle present)
aproved (participle past)
yaproved (participle past)
apreven (alternative)
appreoven (alternative)
appreven (alternative)

English: approve

Borrowed from Old French aprover, approver, approuvir, appreuver (“to approve”); equivalent to a- + proven.


wode

woden (infinitive)
to woden (infinitive)
wode (infinitive)
wode (first-person present singular)
woded (first-person past singular)
wodest (present second-person singular)
wodedest (past second-person singular)
wodeth (present singular third-person)
woded (past singular third-person)
wode (present singular subjunctive)
woded (past singular subjunctive)
wode (imperative present singular)
woden (plural present)
wode (plural present)
wodeden (past plural)
wodede (past plural)
wodeth (imperative plural present)
wode (imperative plural present)
wodynge (participle present)
wodende (participle present)
woded (participle past)
ywoded (participle past)

From Old English wōd, from Proto-West Germanic *wōd, from Proto-Germanic *wōdaz, from Proto-Indo-European *weh₂tós.

Vices woden to destroyen men by wounde of thought.

c. 1382 (date written), Geffray Chaucer [i.e., Geoffrey Chaucer], “Boetius de consolatione Philosophie”, in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London: […] Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], published 1542, →OCLC:

To be or go mad; be or go out of one's mind; behave wildly; be frenzied; go out of control.

Whan I ne may my ladi se, The more I am redy to wraththe […]I wode as doth the wylde Se.

c. 1386–1390, John Gower, edited by Reinhold Pauli, Confessio Amantis of John Gower: Edited and Collated with the Best Manuscripts, volume (please specify |volume=I, II, or III), London: Bell and Daldy […], published 1857, →OCLC:


wode

wode (infinitive)
to wode (infinitive)
wode (first-person present singular)
woded (first-person past singular)
wodest (present second-person singular)
wodedest (past second-person singular)
wodeth (present singular third-person)
woded (past singular third-person)
wode (present singular subjunctive)
woded (past singular subjunctive)
wode (imperative present singular)
woden (plural present)
wode (plural present)
wodeden (past plural)
wodede (past plural)
wodeth (imperative plural present)
wode (imperative plural present)
wodynge (participle present)
wodende (participle present)
woded (participle past)
ywoded (participle past)

From Old English wudu, from Proto-West Germanic *widu, from Proto-Germanic *widuz; see wood.

To take to the woods; hide oneself in the woods (also reflexive: ben woded).


whetten

whetten (third-person singular simple present whetteth, present participle whettende, whettynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle whetted)

whetteth (present singular third-person)
whettende (participle present)
whettynge (participle present)
whetted (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
whetten (infinitive)
to whetten (infinitive)
whette (infinitive)
whette (first-person present singular)
whetted (first-person past singular)
whette (first-person past singular)
whettest (present second-person singular)
whettedest (past second-person singular)
whettest (past second-person singular)
whetteth (present singular third-person)
whetted (past singular third-person)
whette (past singular third-person)
whette (present singular subjunctive)
whetted (past singular subjunctive)
whette (past singular subjunctive)
whette (imperative present singular)
whetten (plural present)
whette (plural present)
whetteden (past plural)
whettede (past plural)
whetten (past plural)
whette (past plural)
whetteth (imperative plural present)
whette (imperative plural present)
whettynge (participle present)
whettende (participle present)
whetted (participle past)
whet (participle past)
ywhetted (participle past)
ywhet (participle past)
qwete (alternative)
whett (alternative)
whette (alternative)
whettyn (alternative)
whætte (alternative Early-Middle-English)

English: whet

Scots: what

Yola: what

Inherited from Old English hwettan, from Proto-West Germanic *hwattjan, from Proto-Germanic *hwatjaną.

To sharpen; to make sharp, especially with a whetstone.

To sharpen one's claws or tusks; to prepare for attack.

To motivate; to encourage or cause eagerness.

(rare) To stimulate or increase endurance.

(rare) To growl or groan; to make hostile noises.

(rare, of the teeth or feet) To grind against something.


heigh

alternative form of hien (“to go quickly”)


spute

to ſpute my face þey ſhame not

c. 1382–1395, John Wycliffe [et al.], edited by Josiah Forshall and Frederic Madden, The Holy Bible, […], volume II, Oxford: At the University Press, published 1850, →OCLC, Job 30:10, page 714, column left:


kess

Now knowe I, dere wyf, thy stedfaſtneſſe / And hire in armes took and gan hir keſſe

1387–1400, [Geoffrey] Chaucer, “The [Clerkys] Tale [of Oxenford]”, in The Tales of Caunt́bury (Hengwrt Chaucer; Peniarth Manuscript 392D), Aberystwyth, Ceredigion: National Library of Wales, published [c. 1400–1410], →OCLC, folio 188, verso:

["...] Now, dear wife, I see your steadfastness--" / And he took her in his arms and began to kiss her.


havest

From Old English hæfst, hafast, second-person present singular form of habban, from Proto-Germanic *habaisi, second-person present singular form of *habjaną; equivalent to haven + -est.

13th C., anonymous, “Worldesblis ne last no throwe”, Rawlinson Ms G18

When you lie, man, under the mould, / you'll have as you've wrought.

wanne thu list, mon, undur molde / thu shalt hauen astu hauest wrokt.

second-person singular present indicative of haven


vernish

vernish (third-person singular simple present vernisheth, present participle vernishende, vernishynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle vernished)

vernisheth (present singular third-person)
vernishende (participle present)
vernishynge (participle present)
vernished (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)

Venim or vernisch · or vinegre, I trouwe, Walleþ in my wombe · or waxeþ, ich wene.

c1386, Langland, “Passus V. 70”, in Piers Plowman:

Wel hath this miller vernisshed his heed; Ful pale he was for-dronken, and nat reed.

1392, Chaucer, “The Reeve's Tale 229-230”, in The Canterbury Tales^([The Complete Works of Geoffrey Chaucer]):


weive

Her leges wolde hem nought receive,
So that they mote algates weive
To ſeche londe in other place.


snape

snape (third-person singular simple present snapeth, present participle snapende, snapynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle snaped)

snapeth (present singular third-person)
snapende (participle present)
snapynge (participle present)
snaped (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
snaip (alternative)
snaipen (alternative)

From Old Norse sneypa (“to outrage, dishonor, disgrace”).

der

Þe snawe snitered ful snart, þat snayped þe wylde. — Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, c1400

Ilke a barne in þe burgh all blaught is hys wedes Als any snappand snaw.

To injure; of snow or sleet: nip, afflict

Vte of desert þar he was in, He com to snaip þe king sinn. — Cursor Mundi, 1400

To Snape: corripere — Catholicon Anglicum, 1483


underpicchen

head

underpicchen (past tense and past participle underpight)

From under- + picchen (“to throw, fix”).

He drank , and wel his gurdel underpight

1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Man of Lawes Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC:


weyve

To lyven vertuously and weyve synne

c.1386 Geoffrey Chaucer, The Wife of Bath's Tale, line 1176.