fullen

fulleth (present singular third-person)
fullende (participle present)
fullynge (participle present)
fulled (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
fullen (infinitive)
to fullen (infinitive)
fulle (infinitive)
fulle (first-person present singular)
fulled (first-person past singular)
fullest (present second-person singular)
fulledest (past second-person singular)
fulleth (present singular third-person)
fulled (past singular third-person)
fulle (present singular subjunctive)
fulled (past singular subjunctive)
fulle (imperative present singular)
fullen (plural present)
fulle (plural present)
fulleden (past plural)
fullede (past plural)
fulleth (imperative plural present)
fulle (imperative plural present)
fullynge (participle present)
fullende (participle present)
fulled (participle past)
yfulled (participle past)
folewen (alternative)
follen (alternative)
folowen (alternative)
fully (alternative)
fulwen (alternative)
vollen (alternative)
vullen (alternative)
fulhen (alternative Early-Middle-English)
vulȝen (alternative Early-Middle-English)

English: full (obsolete)

Inherited from Old English fullian, fulwian, from full- + *wīhan (later *wēon), from Proto-West Germanic *wīhijan.

To baptise or christen; to perform baptism.


tegen

enm-verb

tegen (third-person singular simple present tegeth, present participle tegende, tegynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle teged)

tegeth (present singular third-person)
tegende (participle present)
tegynge (participle present)
teged (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)

From Old English teon, also teohhian, teohgian (“to determine, intend, propose; consider, think, judge, estimate”).

Heu michi quia incolatus meus prolongatus est; wumme þat ich shal wunien on uncuðe erde, and þat min biwist is teged here swo longe.


fordon

fordon (third-person singular simple present fordoth, present participle fordede, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle fordoneaccel-form=1//3|s|past|ind)

fordoth (present singular third-person)
fordede (participle present)

English: fordo

From Old English fordōn, from Proto-Germanic *fradōną; equivalent to for- + don.


sweren

sweren (infinitive)
to sweren (infinitive)
swere (infinitive)
swere (first-person present singular)
swor (first-person past singular)
swar (first-person past singular)
swerest (present second-person singular)
swore (past second-person singular)
sware (past second-person singular)
swor (past second-person singular)
swar (past second-person singular)
swereth (present singular third-person)
swor (past singular third-person)
swar (past singular third-person)
swere (present singular subjunctive)
swore (past singular subjunctive)
sware (past singular subjunctive)
swere (imperative present singular)
sweren (plural present)
swere (plural present)
sworen (past plural)
swore (past plural)
swaren (past plural)
sware (past plural)
swereth (imperative plural present)
swere (imperative plural present)
swerynge (participle present)
swerende (participle present)
sworen (participle past)
swore (participle past)
ysworen (participle past)
yswore (participle past)
swerien (alternative)
swerie (alternative)
swern (alternative)
sweryn (alternative)
zuerie (alternative)
sweriȝen (alternative)
swerye (alternative)
swere (alternative)
sueren (alternative)

English: swear

Scots: swer, swere, sweir

From Old English swerian, from Proto-West Germanic *swarjan, from Proto-Germanic *swarjaną; a cognate of Middle Low German sweren, Old Swedish sværia, Old Danish swæriæ, Middle Dutch swēren, and Middle High German swern.

To swear to do something; to make an oral binding statement.

To swear while laying hands on something as confirmation.

To swear by using a deity or divinity as witness.

To swear to remain truthful, honest and trustworthy.

To swear to adhere or remain faithful to a given person.

(rare) To give approval or permission by swearing.

To give witness in a legal or judicial context.

To curse; to utter swearwords (especially as part of a promise)

To approve or affirm an oral binding statement.

To form a conspiracy or secret pact; to effect covertly.

To make a decisive and important statement or claim.

(rare) To lay the foundation for a religion.


senden

head

senden (third-person singular simple present sendeth, present participle sendende, simple past and past participle send)

sendeth (present singular third-person)
sendende (participle present)
send (participle past)
send (past)
senden (infinitive)
to senden (infinitive)
sende (infinitive)
sende (first-person present singular)
sente (first-person past singular)
sende (first-person past singular)
sendest (present second-person singular)
sentest (past second-person singular)
sendest (past second-person singular)
sendeth (present singular third-person)
sente (past singular third-person)
sende (past singular third-person)
sende (present singular subjunctive)
sente (past singular subjunctive)
sende (past singular subjunctive)
sende (imperative present singular)
senden (plural present)
sende (plural present)
senten (past plural)
sente (past plural)
senden (past plural)
sende (past plural)
sendeth (imperative plural present)
sende (imperative plural present)
sendynge (participle present)
sendende (participle present)
sent (participle past)
send (participle past)
ysent (participle past)
ysend (participle past)
cenden (alternative)
zende (alternative Kent)

English: send

Yola: zeen

From Old English sendan, sændan (“to send away, banish”), from Proto-West Germanic *sandijan, from Proto-Germanic *sandijaną.


sengen

sengen (infinitive)
to sengen (infinitive)
senge (infinitive)
senge (first-person present singular)
senged (first-person past singular)
seynde (first-person past singular)
sengest (present second-person singular)
sengedest (past second-person singular)
seyndest (past second-person singular)
sengeth (present singular third-person)
senged (past singular third-person)
seynde (past singular third-person)
senge (present singular subjunctive)
senged (past singular subjunctive)
seynde (past singular subjunctive)
senge (imperative present singular)
sengen (plural present)
senge (plural present)
sengeden (past plural)
sengede (past plural)
seynden (past plural)
seynde (past plural)
sengeth (imperative plural present)
senge (imperative plural present)
sengynge (participle present)
sengende (participle present)
senged (participle past)
seynd (participle past)
ysenged (participle past)
yseynd (participle past)
senge (alternative)
singe (alternative)

English: singe

Scots: sing

From Old English senġan, from Proto-West Germanic *sangijan.


spannen

spannen (infinitive)
to spannen (infinitive)
spanne (infinitive)
spanne (first-person present singular)
spanned (first-person past singular)
spannest (present second-person singular)
spannedest (past second-person singular)
spanneth (present singular third-person)
spanned (past singular third-person)
spanne (present singular subjunctive)
spanned (past singular subjunctive)
spanne (imperative present singular)
spannen (plural present)
spanne (plural present)
spanneden (past plural)
spannede (past plural)
spanneth (imperative plural present)
spanne (imperative plural present)
spannynge (participle present)
spannende (participle present)
spanned (participle past)
yspanned (participle past)

English: (to) span

From Old English spannan, from Proto-Germanic *spannaną.

(transitive, rare) To forcibly take, to confiscate.


sprengen

enm-verb

sprengen (third-person singular simple present sprengeth, present participle sprengende, sprengynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle sprenged)

sprengeth (present singular third-person)
sprengende (participle present)
sprengynge (participle present)
sprenged (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
sprengen (infinitive)
to sprengen (infinitive)
sprenge (infinitive)
sprenge (first-person present singular)
spreynde (first-person past singular)
sprenged (first-person past singular)
sprengest (present second-person singular)
spreyndest (past second-person singular)
sprengedest (past second-person singular)
sprengeth (present singular third-person)
spreynde (past singular third-person)
sprenged (past singular third-person)
sprenge (present singular subjunctive)
spreynde (past singular subjunctive)
sprenged (past singular subjunctive)
sprenge (imperative present singular)
sprengen (plural present)
sprenge (plural present)
spreynden (past plural)
spreynde (past plural)
sprengeden (past plural)
sprengede (past plural)
sprengeth (imperative plural present)
sprenge (imperative plural present)
sprengynge (participle present)
sprengende (participle present)
spreynd (participle past)
sprenged (participle past)
yspreynd (participle past)
ysprenged (participle past)
sprenge (alternative)
springe (alternative)

English: springe (obsolete)

Inherited from Old English sprenġan, from Proto-West Germanic *sprangijan, from Proto-Germanic *sprangijaną; compare spryngen.

He wolden sowen som difficultee, / Or springen cockle in our clene corn.

1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Shipmans Prologue”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC:

To sprinkle or asperse; to spread in small drops or bits.

To combine or intermingle; to (cause to) become blended.

(figuratively) To cleanse or purify from taint.

(rare, of the sun) To rise; to emerge or appear.


spinnen

spinnen (infinitive)
to spinnen (infinitive)
spinne (infinitive)
spinne (first-person present singular)
span (first-person past singular)
spinnest (present second-person singular)
spunne (past second-person singular)
spanne (past second-person singular)
span (past second-person singular)
spinneth (present singular third-person)
span (past singular third-person)
spinne (present singular subjunctive)
spunne (past singular subjunctive)
spanne (past singular subjunctive)
spinne (imperative present singular)
spinnen (plural present)
spinne (plural present)
spunnen (past plural)
spunne (past plural)
spannen (past plural)
spanne (past plural)
spinneth (imperative plural present)
spinne (imperative plural present)
spinnynge (participle present)
spinnende (participle present)
spunnen (participle past)
spunne (participle past)
spynnen (alternative)
spynne (alternative)
spinne (alternative)
spynen (alternative)
spenen (alternative)
spynnyn (alternative)
spyn (alternative)

English: spin

Scots: spin

Whan Adam dalf, and Eve span; / Wo was thanne a gentilman?

1381 June 12, John Ball, Sermon at Blackheath:

When Adam delved and Eve spun; / Who was a nobleman then?

To make fabric or fabric garments out of fibre.

To select or decide an individual's fate.


foten

foten (third-person singular simple present foteth, present participle fotende, fotynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle foted)

foteth (present singular third-person)
fotende (participle present)
fotynge (participle present)
foted (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
foten (infinitive)
to foten (infinitive)
fote (infinitive)
fote (first-person present singular)
foted (first-person past singular)
fotest (present second-person singular)
fotedest (past second-person singular)
foteth (present singular third-person)
foted (past singular third-person)
fote (present singular subjunctive)
foted (past singular subjunctive)
fote (imperative present singular)
foten (plural present)
fote (plural present)
foteden (past plural)
fotede (past plural)
foteth (imperative plural present)
fote (imperative plural present)
fotynge (participle present)
fotende (participle present)
foted (participle past)
yfoted (participle past)
fote (alternative)
foot (alternative)
foote (alternative)

English: foot

From fot (“foot”) + -en (infinitival suffix).

(rare) To move with one's feet; to step.

(rare) To execute footwork; to step to music.


sayd

Thenne the mooſt party of the knyghtes of the round table ſayd that Balen did not this auenture al only by myghte but by wytchecraft

1470–1485 (date produced), Thomas Malory, “Capitulum ij”, in [Le Morte Darthur], book II, [London: […] by William Caxton], published 31 July 1485, →OCLC, leaf 40, recto; republished as H[einrich] Oskar Sommer, editor, Le Morte Darthur […], London: David Nutt, […], 1889, →OCLC, page 79, lines 2–4:


salten

salten (infinitive)
to salten (infinitive)
salte (infinitive)
salte (first-person present singular)
salted (first-person past singular)
salte (first-person past singular)
selt (first-person past singular)
saltest (present second-person singular)
saltedest (past second-person singular)
saltest (past second-person singular)
selte (past second-person singular)
selt (past second-person singular)
salteth (present singular third-person)
salted (past singular third-person)
salte (past singular third-person)
selt (past singular third-person)
salte (present singular subjunctive)
salted (past singular subjunctive)
salte (past singular subjunctive)
selte (past singular subjunctive)
salte (imperative present singular)
salten (plural present)
salte (plural present)
salteden (past plural)
saltede (past plural)
salten (past plural)
salte (past plural)
selten (past plural)
selte (past plural)
salteth (imperative plural present)
salte (imperative plural present)
saltynge (participle present)
saltende (participle present)
salted (participle past)
ysalted (participle past)
salt (participle past)
ysalt (participle past)
selten (participle past)
yselten (participle past)
selte (participle past)
yselte (participle past)
salte (alternative)
sulte (alternative)

English: salt

Scots: saut

From Old English sealtan, from Proto-West Germanic *saltan, from Proto-Germanic *saltaną, from Proto-Indo-European *seh₂l-; equivalent to salt + -en (infinitival suffix).

To salt food; to sprinkle with salt for flavour.

To use salt to aid the preservation or keeping of food.

(rare) To apply salt to the body for medicinal reasons.

(rare) To apply salt to open wounds as a method of torture.


abusen

abusen (infinitive)
to abusen (infinitive)
abuse (infinitive)
abuse (first-person present singular)
abused (first-person past singular)
abusest (present second-person singular)
abusedest (past second-person singular)
abuseth (present singular third-person)
abused (past singular third-person)
abuse (present singular subjunctive)
abused (past singular subjunctive)
abuse (imperative present singular)
abusen (plural present)
abuse (plural present)
abuseden (past plural)
abusede (past plural)
abuseth (imperative plural present)
abuse (imperative plural present)
abusynge (participle present)
abusende (participle present)
abused (participle past)

English: abuse

desc

Scots: abuise, abuize, abaise, abase, abeese

To injure; to mistreat:
(rare) To mislead; to abuse trust.

To injure; to mistreat:
To mislead; to abuse trust.

To injure; to mistreat:
(rare) To sexually abuse.

To injure; to mistreat:
To sexually abuse.


deciden

deciden (infinitive)
to deciden (infinitive)
decide (infinitive)
decide (first-person present singular)
decided (first-person past singular)
decidest (present second-person singular)
decidedest (past second-person singular)
decideth (present singular third-person)
decided (past singular third-person)
decide (present singular subjunctive)
decided (past singular subjunctive)
decide (imperative present singular)
deciden (plural present)
decide (plural present)
decideden (past plural)
decidede (past plural)
decideth (imperative plural present)
decide (imperative plural present)
decidynge (participle present)
decidende (participle present)
decided (participle past)
ydecided (participle past)
desciden (alternative)
decide (alternative)

English: decide

Scots: decide

From Middle French decider, from Latin dēcīdō.

To make a ruling or judgement; to decide an issue or matter of discontent.


comen

enm-verb

comen (third-person singular simple present cometh, present participle comende, comynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative cam, past participle comen)

cometh (present singular third-person)
comende (participle present)
comynge (participle present)
cam (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
comen (participle past)
comen (infinitive)
to comen (infinitive)
come (infinitive)
come (first-person present singular)
cam (first-person past singular)
com (first-person past singular)
comest (present second-person singular)
come (past second-person singular)
came (past second-person singular)
cam (past second-person singular)
com (past second-person singular)
cometh (present singular third-person)
cam (past singular third-person)
com (past singular third-person)
come (present singular subjunctive)
come (past singular subjunctive)
came (past singular subjunctive)
come (imperative present singular)
comen (plural present)
come (plural present)
comen (past plural)
come (past plural)
camen (past plural)
came (past plural)
cometh (imperative plural present)
come (imperative plural present)
comynge (participle present)
comende (participle present)
comen (participle past)
come (participle past)
ycome (participle past)
cumen (alternative)

English: come, cum

Solombala English: комъ (kom)

Scots: cum

Yola: coome, come, cum

From Old English coman, cuman, from Proto-West Germanic *kweman. Past forms in -a- are by analogy with other class 4 strong verbs; e.g. stal, past of stelen.

I cam to ſende fier in to þe erþe / ⁊ what wole I .· but þat it be kyndlid

c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Luke 12:49, page 36r, column 2; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:

I came to light the earth on fire. All I want is that it gets burnt.

At nyght was come into that hostelrye
Wel nyne and twenty in a compaignye

c. 1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Canterbury Tales, General Prologue, lines 23–24:

There came at nightfall to that hostelry
Some nine and twenty in a company


abaten

abaten (infinitive)
to abaten (infinitive)
abate (infinitive)
abate (first-person present singular)
abated (first-person past singular)
abatest (present second-person singular)
abatedest (past second-person singular)
abateth (present singular third-person)
abated (past singular third-person)
abate (present singular subjunctive)
abated (past singular subjunctive)
abate (imperative present singular)
abaten (plural present)
abate (plural present)
abateden (past plural)
abatede (past plural)
abateth (imperative plural present)
abate (imperative plural present)
abatynge (participle present)
abatende (participle present)
abated (participle past)

English: abate


administren

administren (infinitive)
to administren (infinitive)
administre (infinitive)
administre (first-person present singular)
administred (first-person past singular)
administrest (present second-person singular)
administredest (past second-person singular)
administreth (present singular third-person)
administred (past singular third-person)
administre (present singular subjunctive)
administred (past singular subjunctive)
administre (imperative present singular)
administren (plural present)
administre (plural present)
administreden (past plural)
administrede (past plural)
administreth (imperative plural present)
administre (imperative plural present)
administrynge (participle present)
administrende (participle present)
administred (participle past)
aministren (alternative)

English: administer

Scots: admeenister

Borrowed from Old French aminister, from Latin administrare (“to manage, execute”).


alienen

alienen (infinitive)
to alienen (infinitive)
aliene (infinitive)
aliene (first-person present singular)
aliened (first-person past singular)
alienest (present second-person singular)
alienedest (past second-person singular)
alieneth (present singular third-person)
aliened (past singular third-person)
aliene (present singular subjunctive)
aliened (past singular subjunctive)
aliene (imperative present singular)
alienen (plural present)
aliene (plural present)
alieneden (past plural)
alienede (past plural)
alieneth (imperative plural present)
aliene (imperative plural present)
alienynge (participle present)
alienende (participle present)
aliened (participle past)
yaliened (participle past)
aliene (alternative)
alyene (alternative)
alyen (alternative)
alyon (alternative)

English: alien, aliene

From Old French aliener, from Latin aliēnō.

To renounce or forgo lands, possessions, or privileges.

To separate, estrange oneself, or renounce allegiance (to a higher power)

(rare) To make oneself ineligible refuse benefits.

(rare) To repurpose lands; to utilise lands for something different.

(rare) To modify or change; to make different.

(rare) To take away; to revoke, or split.


aren

English: are

Scots: are

From Old English earon, earun, aron, alternative present plural of wesan (“to be”), from Proto-Germanic *arun, an innovated third-person present plural of *beuną (“to be, become”).

are (alternative)
ere (alternative)
eren (alternative)


avalen

avalen (infinitive)
to avalen (infinitive)
avale (infinitive)
avale (first-person present singular)
avaled (first-person past singular)
avalest (present second-person singular)
avaledest (past second-person singular)
avaleth (present singular third-person)
avaled (past singular third-person)
avale (present singular subjunctive)
avaled (past singular subjunctive)
avale (imperative present singular)
avalen (plural present)
avale (plural present)
avaleden (past plural)
avalede (past plural)
avaleth (imperative plural present)
avale (imperative plural present)
avalynge (participle present)
avalende (participle present)
avaled (participle past)
yavaled (participle past)
availen (alternative)
avale (alternative)
avayle (alternative)
awale (alternative)

English: avale

From Old French avaler, a univerbation of a val (“to the valley”). Equivalent to a- + vale + -en (infinitival suffix); compare valen.


avisen

avisen (infinitive)
to avisen (infinitive)
avise (infinitive)
avise (first-person present singular)
avised (first-person past singular)
avisest (present second-person singular)
avisedest (past second-person singular)
aviseth (present singular third-person)
avised (past singular third-person)
avise (present singular subjunctive)
avised (past singular subjunctive)
avise (imperative present singular)
avisen (plural present)
avise (plural present)
aviseden (past plural)
avisede (past plural)
aviseth (imperative plural present)
avise (imperative plural present)
avisynge (participle present)
avisende (participle present)
avised (participle past)
yavised (participle past)
advisen (alternative)

English: advise, avise


baten

enm-verb

baten (third-person singular simple present bateth, present participle batende, batynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle bated)

bateth (present singular third-person)
batende (participle present)
batynge (participle present)
bated (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
baten (infinitive)
to baten (infinitive)
bate (infinitive)
bate (first-person present singular)
bated (first-person past singular)
batest (present second-person singular)
batedest (past second-person singular)
bateth (present singular third-person)
bated (past singular third-person)
bate (present singular subjunctive)
bated (past singular subjunctive)
bate (imperative present singular)
baten (plural present)
bate (plural present)
bateden (past plural)
batede (past plural)
bateth (imperative plural present)
bate (imperative plural present)
batynge (participle present)
batende (participle present)
bated (participle past)
ybated (participle past)
bate (alternative)
battyn (alternative)
batyn (alternative)

English: bat; bate

Scots: bat, batt

Borrowed from Old French batre, from Latin battere, for earlier battuere; doublet of bateren.

To batter; to forcefully or repetitively beat or whack.

To fight or strive; to be in conflict with.

(rare) To pat; to gently and lightly touch.

(rare, of an animal) To flap one's limbs.


baten

bateth (present singular third-person)
batende (participle present)
batynge (participle present)
bated (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
baten (infinitive)
to baten (infinitive)
bate (infinitive)
bate (first-person present singular)
bated (first-person past singular)
batest (present second-person singular)
batedest (past second-person singular)
bateth (present singular third-person)
bated (past singular third-person)
bate (present singular subjunctive)
bated (past singular subjunctive)
bate (imperative present singular)
baten (plural present)
bate (plural present)
bateden (past plural)
batede (past plural)
bateth (imperative plural present)
bate (imperative plural present)
batynge (participle present)
batende (participle present)
bated (participle past)
ybated (participle past)
batyn (alternative)

English: bate; bat

To dwindle or stop; to no longer occur (as much)

To halt or slow; to cause to lessen or abate.

To reassure or hearten; to free of worry.

(rare) To eliminate a collective irrational emotion.

(in negations) To eliminate a positive attitude.

To abase or humiliate; to break haughtiness.


birlen

birlen (infinitive)
to birlen (infinitive)
birle (infinitive)
birle (first-person present singular)
birled (first-person past singular)
birlest (present second-person singular)
birledest (past second-person singular)
birleth (present singular third-person)
birled (past singular third-person)
birle (present singular subjunctive)
birled (past singular subjunctive)
birle (imperative present singular)
birlen (plural present)
birle (plural present)
birleden (past plural)
birlede (past plural)
birleth (imperative plural present)
birle (imperative plural present)
birlynge (participle present)
birlende (participle present)
birled (participle past)
ybirled (participle past)

English: birl


boten

boten (infinitive)
to boten (infinitive)
bote (infinitive)
bote (first-person present singular)
boted (first-person past singular)
botest (present second-person singular)
botedest (past second-person singular)
boteth (present singular third-person)
boted (past singular third-person)
bote (present singular subjunctive)
boted (past singular subjunctive)
bote (imperative present singular)
boten (plural present)
bote (plural present)
boteden (past plural)
botede (past plural)
boteth (imperative plural present)
bote (imperative plural present)
botynge (participle present)
botende (participle present)
boted (participle past)
yboted (participle past)
bote (alternative)
botun (alternative)
booten (alternative)
boti (alternative)

English: boot

Scots: bute, buit

From Old English bōtian; equivalent to bote (“help”) + -en (infinitival suffix).

af

To solve; to release from disease or hardship or provide security.

To be useful, helpful, or handy; to come in, be of, or be able to be productively used.

(rare) To add an extra item in a swapping of goods to make the things swapped equivalent.

(rare) To provide taxes, levies or money as compensation (for a service or past wrong).

(rare) To profit, to gain or obtain benefit from.


boten

boten (infinitive)
to boten (infinitive)
bote (infinitive)
bote (first-person present singular)
boted (first-person past singular)
botest (present second-person singular)
botedest (past second-person singular)
boteth (present singular third-person)
boted (past singular third-person)
bote (present singular subjunctive)
boted (past singular subjunctive)
bote (imperative present singular)
boten (plural present)
bote (plural present)
boteden (past plural)
botede (past plural)
boteth (imperative plural present)
bote (imperative plural present)
botynge (participle present)
botende (participle present)
boted (participle past)
yboted (participle past)

English: boot

Scots: bute, buit

From bote (“boot”) + -en (infinitival suffix).

To equip with boots or give boots for use.


callen

callen (infinitive)
to callen (infinitive)
calle (infinitive)
calle (first-person present singular)
called (first-person past singular)
callest (present second-person singular)
calledest (past second-person singular)
calleth (present singular third-person)
called (past singular third-person)
calle (present singular subjunctive)
called (past singular subjunctive)
calle (imperative present singular)
callen (plural present)
calle (plural present)
calleden (past plural)
callede (past plural)
calleth (imperative plural present)
calle (imperative plural present)
callynge (participle present)
callende (participle present)
called (participle past)
ycalled (participle past)
kallen (alternative)

English: call

Yola: caulthe (preterite)

From Old English ceallian and Old Norse kalla, both from Proto-Germanic *kalzōną.


causen

causen (infinitive)
to causen (infinitive)
cause (infinitive)
cause (first-person present singular)
caused (first-person past singular)
causest (present second-person singular)
causedest (past second-person singular)
causeth (present singular third-person)
caused (past singular third-person)
cause (present singular subjunctive)
caused (past singular subjunctive)
cause (imperative present singular)
causen (plural present)
cause (plural present)
causeden (past plural)
causede (past plural)
causeth (imperative plural present)
cause (imperative plural present)
causynge (participle present)
causende (participle present)
caused (participle past)

English: cause

Yola: cazed (preterite)

From Old French causer, from Latin causāre.


caven

caven (infinitive)
to caven (infinitive)
cave (infinitive)
cave (first-person present singular)
caved (first-person past singular)
cavest (present second-person singular)
cavedest (past second-person singular)
caveth (present singular third-person)
caved (past singular third-person)
cave (present singular subjunctive)
caved (past singular subjunctive)
cave (imperative present singular)
caven (plural present)
cave (plural present)
caveden (past plural)
cavede (past plural)
caveth (imperative plural present)
cave (imperative plural present)
cavynge (participle present)
cavende (participle present)
caved (participle past)
ycaved (participle past)
cave (alternative)
kaven (alternative)

English: cave

Either a borrowing from Latin cavō or formed anew from cave (“cave”) + -en (infinitival suffix).


cesen

(Early Middle English) alternative form of chesen


comande

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.


comparen

comparen (infinitive)
to comparen (infinitive)
compare (infinitive)
compare (first-person present singular)
compared (first-person past singular)
comparest (present second-person singular)
comparedest (past second-person singular)
compareth (present singular third-person)
compared (past singular third-person)
compare (present singular subjunctive)
compared (past singular subjunctive)
compare (imperative present singular)
comparen (plural present)
compare (plural present)
compareden (past plural)
comparede (past plural)
compareth (imperative plural present)
compare (imperative plural present)
comparynge (participle present)
comparende (participle present)
compared (participle past)
compare (alternative)
compere (alternative)

English: compare

Borrowed from Old French comperer, comparer, from Latin comparō, comparāre.

To give something identical value to something else.

To compare; to examine the similarities and differences between two things.


completen

English: complete

Derived from compleet (“complete”) + -en (infinitival suffix).


conformen

enm-verb

conformen (third-person singular simple present conformeth, present participle conformende, conformynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle conformed)

conformeth (present singular third-person)
conformende (participle present)
conformynge (participle present)
conformed (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
conformen (infinitive)
to conformen (infinitive)
conforme (infinitive)
conforme (first-person present singular)
conformed (first-person past singular)
conformest (present second-person singular)
conformedest (past second-person singular)
conformeth (present singular third-person)
conformed (past singular third-person)
conforme (present singular subjunctive)
conformed (past singular subjunctive)
conforme (imperative present singular)
conformen (plural present)
conforme (plural present)
conformeden (past plural)
conformede (past plural)
conformeth (imperative plural present)
conforme (imperative plural present)
conformynge (participle present)
conformende (participle present)
conformed (participle past)
conforme (alternative)
confourme (alternative)
confourmen (alternative)

English: conform

Middle Scots: conforme

Borrowed from Middle French and Anglo-Norman conformer, confourmer, from Latin cōnfōrmō; equivalent to con- + formen (“to create”).

To obey or assent to; to become compliant with:

(often with to) To become similar; to take as an example.

(rare) To approve, confirm, or certify (possibly as an error for confermen)

And I seide, “Ser, in his tyme maister Ioon Wiclef was holden of ful many men the grettis clerk that thei knewen lyuynge vpon erthe. And therwith he was named, as I gesse worthili, a passing reuli man and an innocent in al his lyuynge. And herfore grete men of kunnynge and other also drowen myche to him, and comownede ofte with him. And thei sauouriden so his loore that thei wroten it bisili and enforsiden hem to rulen hem theraftir… Maister Ion Aston taughte and wroot acordingli and ful bisili, where and whanne and to whom he myghte, and he vsid it himsilf, I gesse, right perfyghtli vnto his lyues eende. Also Filip of Repintoun whilis he was a chanoun of Leycetre, Nycol Herforde, dane Geffrey of Pikeringe, monke of Biland and a maistir dyuynyte, and Ioon Purueye, and manye other whiche weren holden rightwise men and prudent, taughten and wroten bisili this forseide lore of Wiclef, and conformeden hem therto. And with alle these men I was ofte homli and I comownede with hem long tyme and fele, and so bifore alle othir men I chees wilfulli to be enformed bi hem and of hem, and speciali of Wiclef himsilf, as of the moost vertuous and goodlich wise man that I herde of owhere either knew. And herfore of Wicleef speciali and of these men I toke the lore whiche I haue taughte and purpose to lyue aftir, if God wole, to my lyues ende.”

1407, The Testimony of William Thorpe, pages 40–41:

(rare) To adapt or harmonise; to make accordant to.

(rare) To shape or affect; to undergo modification by.


congelen

congelen (infinitive)
to congelen (infinitive)
congele (infinitive)
congele (first-person present singular)
congeled (first-person past singular)
congelest (present second-person singular)
congeledest (past second-person singular)
congeleth (present singular third-person)
congeled (past singular third-person)
congele (present singular subjunctive)
congeled (past singular subjunctive)
congele (imperative present singular)
congelen (plural present)
congele (plural present)
congeleden (past plural)
congelede (past plural)
congeleth (imperative plural present)
congele (imperative plural present)
congelynge (participle present)
congelende (participle present)
congeled (participle past)
ycongeled (participle past)
congeilen (alternative)
conjealen (alternative)
congilen (alternative)

English: congeal

From Middle French congeler, from Latin congēlō; equivalent to con- + gelen.


conjuren

conjuren (infinitive)
to conjuren (infinitive)
conjure (infinitive)
conjure (first-person present singular)
conjured (first-person past singular)
conjurest (present second-person singular)
conjuredest (past second-person singular)
conjureth (present singular third-person)
conjured (past singular third-person)
conjure (present singular subjunctive)
conjured (past singular subjunctive)
conjure (imperative present singular)
conjuren (plural present)
conjure (plural present)
conjureden (past plural)
conjurede (past plural)
conjureth (imperative plural present)
conjure (imperative plural present)
conjurynge (participle present)
conjurende (participle present)
conjured (participle past)
yconjured (participle past)
congeren (alternative)
congir (alternative)
conjoren (alternative)
conjure (alternative)

English: conjure

Borrowed from Old French conjurer, from Latin coniūrō.

To conjure; to summon or practice summoning.


consideren

consideren (third-person singular simple present considereth, present participle considerende, considerynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle considered)

considereth (present singular third-person)
considerende (participle present)
considerynge (participle present)
considered (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
consideren (infinitive)
to consideren (infinitive)
considere (infinitive)
considere (first-person present singular)
considered (first-person past singular)
considerest (present second-person singular)
consideredest (past second-person singular)
considereth (present singular third-person)
considered (past singular third-person)
considere (present singular subjunctive)
considered (past singular subjunctive)
considere (imperative present singular)
consideren (plural present)
considere (plural present)
considereden (past plural)
considerede (past plural)
considereth (imperative plural present)
considere (imperative plural present)
considerynge (participle present)
considerende (participle present)
considered (participle past)
yconsidered (participle past)

English: consider

From Middle French considerer, from Latin cōnsīderō.

For the poete seith that 'we oghte paciently taken the tribulacions that comen to us, whan we thynken and consideren that we han disserved to have hem.'

14th century, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Tale of Melibee”, in Canterbury Tales:


contenten

contenten (infinitive)
to contenten (infinitive)
contente (infinitive)
contente (first-person present singular)
contented (first-person past singular)
contentest (present second-person singular)
contentedest (past second-person singular)
contenteth (present singular third-person)
contented (past singular third-person)
contente (present singular subjunctive)
contented (past singular subjunctive)
contente (imperative present singular)
contenten (plural present)
contente (plural present)
contenteden (past plural)
contentede (past plural)
contenteth (imperative plural present)
contente (imperative plural present)
contentynge (participle present)
contentende (participle present)
contented (participle past)
ycontented (participle past)
contente (alternative)

English: content

Yola: contented (adj.)

Borrowed from Old French contenter and from Medieval Latin contentāre.


copien

copien (third-person singular simple present copieth, present participle copiende, copiynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle copied)

copieth (present singular third-person)
copiende (participle present)
copiynge (participle present)
copied (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
copien (infinitive)
to copien (infinitive)
copie (infinitive)
copie (first-person present singular)
copied (first-person past singular)
copiest (present second-person singular)
copiedest (past second-person singular)
copieth (present singular third-person)
copied (past singular third-person)
copie (present singular subjunctive)
copied (past singular subjunctive)
copie (imperative present singular)
copien (plural present)
copie (plural present)
copieden (past plural)
copiede (past plural)
copieth (imperative plural present)
copie (imperative plural present)
copiynge (participle present)
copiende (participle present)
copied (participle past)
ycopied (participle past)

From Old French copier, from Medieval Latin cōpiō


crispen

crispen (infinitive)
to crispen (infinitive)
crispe (infinitive)
crispe (first-person present singular)
crisped (first-person past singular)
crispest (present second-person singular)
crispedest (past second-person singular)
crispeth (present singular third-person)
crisped (past singular third-person)
crispe (present singular subjunctive)
crisped (past singular subjunctive)
crispe (imperative present singular)
crispen (plural present)
crispe (plural present)
crispeden (past plural)
crispede (past plural)
crispeth (imperative plural present)
crispe (imperative plural present)
crispynge (participle present)
crispende (participle present)
crisped (participle past)
ycrisped (participle past)
crespen (alternative)

English: crisp

Scots: crisp

From Latin crispō and Old French crespir; equivalent to crisp (“curly”) + -en (infinitival suffix).


deformen

enm-verb

deformen (third-person singular simple present deformeth, present participle deformende, deformynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle deformed)

deformeth (present singular third-person)
deformende (participle present)
deformynge (participle present)
deformed (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
deformen (infinitive)
to deformen (infinitive)
deforme (infinitive)
deforme (first-person present singular)
deformed (first-person past singular)
deformest (present second-person singular)
deformedest (past second-person singular)
deformeth (present singular third-person)
deformed (past singular third-person)
deforme (present singular subjunctive)
deformed (past singular subjunctive)
deforme (imperative present singular)
deformen (plural present)
deforme (plural present)
deformeden (past plural)
deformede (past plural)
deformeth (imperative plural present)
deforme (imperative plural present)
deformynge (participle present)
deformende (participle present)
deformed (participle past)
difforme (alternative)
dysfourme (alternative)

English: deform; difform

Middle Scots: deform, deforme

Borrowed from Middle French deformer, from Old French desformer, from Latin dēfōrmō; equivalent to de- + formen (“to create”). Some forms are influenced by Middle French difformer, from Latin diffōrmō.

To deform, disfigure or mar (the body); to make ugly.

(figuratively, rare) To distort or injure (the spirit or soul)

(figuratively, rare) To calumniate or dishonour; to injure one's reputation.


sitten

English: sit

Scots: sit

Yola: zit

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *sed-
Proto-Indo-European *-yeti
Proto-Indo-European *sédyeti
Proto-Germanic *sitjaną
Proto-West Germanic *sittjan
Old English sittan
Middle English sitten
From Old English sittan.

etymon

zitten (alternative Kent)
zitte (alternative Kent)


doten

doten (infinitive)
to doten (infinitive)
dote (infinitive)
dote (first-person present singular)
doted (first-person past singular)
dotest (present second-person singular)
dotedest (past second-person singular)
doteth (present singular third-person)
doted (past singular third-person)
dote (present singular subjunctive)
doted (past singular subjunctive)
dote (imperative present singular)
doten (plural present)
dote (plural present)
doteden (past plural)
dotede (past plural)
doteth (imperative plural present)
dote (imperative plural present)
dotynge (participle present)
dotende (participle present)
doted (participle past)
ydoted (participle past)
dotie (alternative)
dote (alternative)
doton (alternative)

English: dote

Scots: doit

From Middle Low German or Middle Dutch doten (“be silly”), perhaps ultimately from Proto-Germanic *þeutaną (“to roar, howl”), similar to Dutch dutten.

der

To be or become or foolish, deranged or insane.

To be or become senile; to suffer from the wear of age.

(rare) To fall apart; to suffer from wear.


duren

duren (infinitive)
to duren (infinitive)
dure (infinitive)
dure (first-person present singular)
dured (first-person past singular)
durest (present second-person singular)
duredest (past second-person singular)
dureth (present singular third-person)
dured (past singular third-person)
dure (present singular subjunctive)
dured (past singular subjunctive)
dure (imperative present singular)
duren (plural present)
dure (plural present)
dureden (past plural)
durede (past plural)
dureth (imperative plural present)
dure (imperative plural present)
durynge (participle present)
durende (participle present)
dured (participle past)
ydured (participle past)
durien (alternative)
duiren (alternative)
deoren (alternative)
douren (alternative)

English: dure

From Old French durer, from Latin dūrāre. Doublet of enduren.


engendren

English: engender

Borrowed from Old French engendrer. Attested from ca. 1330.


fleten

fleten (infinitive)
to fleten (infinitive)
flete (infinitive)
flete (first-person present singular)
fleted (first-person past singular)
flette (first-person past singular)
flet (first-person past singular)
fletest (present second-person singular)
fletedest (past second-person singular)
flettest (past second-person singular)
flute (past second-person singular)
flet (past second-person singular)
fleteth (present singular third-person)
fleted (past singular third-person)
flette (past singular third-person)
flet (past singular third-person)
flete (present singular subjunctive)
fleted (past singular subjunctive)
flette (past singular subjunctive)
flute (past singular subjunctive)
flete (imperative present singular)
fleten (plural present)
flete (plural present)
fleteden (past plural)
fletede (past plural)
fletten (past plural)
flette (past plural)
fluten (past plural)
flute (past plural)
fleteth (imperative plural present)
flete (imperative plural present)
fletynge (participle present)
fletende (participle present)
fleted (participle past)
flet (participle past)
floten (participle past)
flote (participle past)
fleoten (alternative)
flete (alternative)
fleetyn (alternative)
fleete (alternative)

English: fleet

Scots: fleet

From Old English flēotan, from Proto-Germanic *fleutaną.

To go or change position; to experience movement:

To float; to stay buoyant on the surface of a liquid.

To move or propel oneself in or on the water; to swim.

To move on a vessel or raft across water; to be conveyed over a liquid.

To stream or flow; to move smoothly as a liquid or fluid.

(Late Middle English) To spread or propel throughout the air.

(rare) To drag on the ground (used of clothing)

To wander around; to have no direction or consistency.

To be ephemeral, fleeting, or temporary; to lack permanence.

(Late Middle English) To remove scum or cream from a fluid.

(rare) To have something in great or excessive quantity

(rare) To lack restraint in speech; to describe excessively.


floten

floten (infinitive)
to floten (infinitive)
flote (infinitive)
flote (first-person present singular)
floted (first-person past singular)
flotest (present second-person singular)
flotedest (past second-person singular)
floteth (present singular third-person)
floted (past singular third-person)
flote (present singular subjunctive)
floted (past singular subjunctive)
flote (imperative present singular)
floten (plural present)
flote (plural present)
floteden (past plural)
flotede (past plural)
floteth (imperative plural present)
flote (imperative plural present)
flotynge (participle present)
flotende (participle present)
floted (participle past)
yfloted (participle past)
flote (alternative)
flotie (alternative)
flooten (alternative)
flotten (alternative)

English: float

→ German: floaten

Scots: flote, flot, floit

From Old English flotian, from Proto-Germanic *flutōną.

To move in or around water; to float or swim:

(rare) To stream or flow; to move smoothly as a liquid or fluid.

(rare) To waft; to be propelled by air (of a scent)

(rare) To go or travel, especially with great speed.


fomenten

fomenten (infinitive)
to fomenten (infinitive)
fomente (infinitive)
fomente (first-person present singular)
fomented (first-person past singular)
fomentest (present second-person singular)
fomentedest (past second-person singular)
fomenteth (present singular third-person)
fomented (past singular third-person)
fomente (present singular subjunctive)
fomented (past singular subjunctive)
fomente (imperative present singular)
fomenten (plural present)
fomente (plural present)
fomenteden (past plural)
fomentede (past plural)
fomenteth (imperative plural present)
fomente (imperative plural present)
fomentynge (participle present)
fomentende (participle present)
fomented (participle past)

English: foment

From Old French fomenter, from Late Latin fōmentare.

(medicine) To apply a warm, soft medicament.


formen

enm-verb

formen (third-person singular simple present formeth, present participle formende, formynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle formed)

formeth (present singular third-person)
formende (participle present)
formynge (participle present)
formed (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
formen (infinitive)
to formen (infinitive)
forme (infinitive)
forme (first-person present singular)
formed (first-person past singular)
formest (present second-person singular)
formedest (past second-person singular)
formeth (present singular third-person)
formed (past singular third-person)
forme (present singular subjunctive)
formed (past singular subjunctive)
forme (imperative present singular)
formen (plural present)
forme (plural present)
formeden (past plural)
formede (past plural)
formeth (imperative plural present)
forme (imperative plural present)
formynge (participle present)
formende (participle present)
formed (participle past)
yformed (participle past)
forme (alternative)
fourme (alternative)
fourmen (alternative)

English: form

Middle Scots: forme, form

Scots: form

Borrowed from Old French former, fourmer, from Latin fōrmō; equivalent to forme (“form”) + -en (infinitival suffix).

af

To make or create; to bring into existence:

To form; to put into a shape or structure.

To produce or build; to create from components.

To arrange or organise; to cause to come about.

(military, rare) To assemble into formation.

To teach or instruct; to impart knowledge towards:

To inform; to provide with specific information.

To advise; to proffer a suggestion or recommendation


fumen

fumen (infinitive)
to fumen (infinitive)
fume (infinitive)
fume (first-person present singular)
fumed (first-person past singular)
fumest (present second-person singular)
fumedest (past second-person singular)
fumeth (present singular third-person)
fumed (past singular third-person)
fume (present singular subjunctive)
fumed (past singular subjunctive)
fume (imperative present singular)
fumen (plural present)
fume (plural present)
fumeden (past plural)
fumede (past plural)
fumeth (imperative plural present)
fume (imperative plural present)
fumynge (participle present)
fumende (participle present)
fumed (participle past)
yfumed (participle past)
fume (alternative)
fumie (alternative)

English: fume

Borrowed from Old French fumer; equivalent to fume + -en (infinitival suffix).

To emit fumes, especially for fumigation.


gane

(Late Middle English) alternative form of gaynen


gane

Se how he ganeth, lo, this dronken wight,

late 14th century, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Manciple's Tale, The Canterbury Tales, line 35-36

See how he yawns, lo, this drunken fellow,
As though he would swallow us right away.

As though he wolde us swolwe anon-right.


gasten

gasten (infinitive)
to gasten (infinitive)
gaste (infinitive)
gaste (first-person present singular)
gasted (first-person past singular)
gastest (present second-person singular)
gastedest (past second-person singular)
gasteth (present singular third-person)
gasted (past singular third-person)
gaste (present singular subjunctive)
gasted (past singular subjunctive)
gaste (imperative present singular)
gasten (plural present)
gaste (plural present)
gasteden (past plural)
gastede (past plural)
gasteth (imperative plural present)
gaste (imperative plural present)
gastynge (participle present)
gastende (participle present)
gasted (participle past)
ygasted (participle past)
gaste (alternative)
garste (alternative)

English: gast

From Old English gǣstan, from Proto-West Germanic *gaistijan, from Proto-Germanic *gaistijaną.


hilen

hiled (participle past)
hylen (alternative)
hil (alternative)
hyl (alternative)
hillen (alternative)
hyllen (alternative)
hylien (alternative)
hul (alternative)
hule (alternative)
hullen (alternative)
hulien (alternative)

English: hill

From Old Norse hylja, from Proto-Germanic *huljaną (“to cover, veil”).


hurten

enm-verb

hurten (third-person singular simple present hurteth, present participle hurtynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative hurte, past participle hurt)

hurteth (present singular third-person)
hurtynge (participle present)
hurte (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
hurt (participle past)
hurten (infinitive)
to hurten (infinitive)
hurte (infinitive)
hurte (first-person present singular)
hurte (first-person past singular)
hurted (first-person past singular)
hurtest (present second-person singular)
hurtest (past second-person singular)
hurtedest (past second-person singular)
hurteth (present singular third-person)
hurte (past singular third-person)
hurted (past singular third-person)
hurte (present singular subjunctive)
hurte (past singular subjunctive)
hurted (past singular subjunctive)
hurte (imperative present singular)
hurten (plural present)
hurte (plural present)
hurten (past plural)
hurte (past plural)
hurteden (past plural)
hurtede (past plural)
hurteth (imperative plural present)
hurte (imperative plural present)
hurtynge (participle present)
hurtende (participle present)
hurt (participle past)
hurted (participle past)
yhurt (participle past)
herte (alternative)
hirte (alternative)
hirten (alternative)
hurt (alternative)
hurte (alternative)
hirrtenn (alternative Ormulum)

English: hurt

Scots: hurt

Usually taken to be an early borrowing from Old Northern French hurter, of disputed origin, but possibly instead from an Old English *hyrtan. In any case, equivalent to hurt + -en (infinitival suffix).

To injure; to cause harm or trouble for:

To ruin or worsen; to make damaged or worse.

To trip or fall over; to make a misstep.

To strike, hurl or bump against; to launch into.

To strike or knock down; to cause to fall.


onen

onen (third-person singular simple present oneth, present participle onende, first-/third-person singular past indicative onede, past participle ioned)

oneth (present singular third-person)
onende (participle present)
onede (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
ioned (participle past)
onen (infinitive)
to onen (infinitive)
one (infinitive)
one (first-person present singular)
oned (first-person past singular)
onest (present second-person singular)
onedest (past second-person singular)
oneth (present singular third-person)
oned (past singular third-person)
one (present singular subjunctive)
oned (past singular subjunctive)
one (imperative present singular)
onen (plural present)
one (plural present)
oneden (past plural)
onede (past plural)
oneth (imperative plural present)
one (imperative plural present)
onynge (participle present)
onende (participle present)
oned (participle past)
yoned (participle past)
oonen (alternative)
anen (alternative)
one (alternative)

English: one

Scots: ane

Toldyng of temporell ordinaunce, assembled and oned in the lokyng of the Divine thoughte

c. 1382 (date written), Geffray Chaucer [i.e., Geoffrey Chaucer], “Boetius de consolatione Philosophie”, in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London: […] Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], published 1542, →OCLC:

Geoffrey Chaucer, The Canterbury Tales, "The Parson's Tale",
Þe godhede was oned fulli to þe manhede in þe soule of Ihesu.

(please add an English translation of this quotation) "The Godhead was joined fully to the manhead in the soul of Jesus."


laven

laven (infinitive)
to laven (infinitive)
lave (infinitive)
lave (first-person present singular)
laved (first-person past singular)
lafte (first-person past singular)
lavest (present second-person singular)
lavedest (past second-person singular)
laftest (past second-person singular)
laveth (present singular third-person)
laved (past singular third-person)
lafte (past singular third-person)
lave (present singular subjunctive)
laved (past singular subjunctive)
lafte (past singular subjunctive)
lave (imperative present singular)
laven (plural present)
lave (plural present)
laveden (past plural)
lavede (past plural)
laften (past plural)
lafte (past plural)
laveth (imperative plural present)
lave (imperative plural present)
lavynge (participle present)
lavende (participle present)
laved (participle past)
laft (participle past)
ylaved (participle past)
ylaft (participle past)
lavien (alternative)
lavi (alternative)
lave (alternative)
laave (alternative)

English: lave

Scots: lave

From Old English lafian, from Proto-West Germanic *labōn.


parten

parten (infinitive)
to parten (infinitive)
parte (infinitive)
parte (first-person present singular)
parted (first-person past singular)
partest (present second-person singular)
partedest (past second-person singular)
parteth (present singular third-person)
parted (past singular third-person)
parte (present singular subjunctive)
parted (past singular subjunctive)
parte (imperative present singular)
parten (plural present)
parte (plural present)
parteden (past plural)
partede (past plural)
parteth (imperative plural present)
parte (imperative plural present)
partynge (participle present)
partende (participle present)
parted (participle past)
yparted (participle past)

English: part

Yola: part

Borrowed from Old French partir, pertir, from Latin partīre.


pelen

pelen (infinitive)
to pelen (infinitive)
pele (infinitive)
pele (first-person present singular)
peled (first-person past singular)
pelest (present second-person singular)
peledest (past second-person singular)
peleth (present singular third-person)
peled (past singular third-person)
pele (present singular subjunctive)
peled (past singular subjunctive)
pele (imperative present singular)
pelen (plural present)
pele (plural present)
peleden (past plural)
pelede (past plural)
peleth (imperative plural present)
pele (imperative plural present)
pelynge (participle present)
pelende (participle present)
peled (participle past)
ypeled (participle past)
pelle (alternative)
pylle (alternative)

Yola: peale

From Latin pellere, and compare Old English pilian.


quemen

My fader nyl for no thyng do me grace / To gon aȝeyn, for naught I kan hym queme [...].

c. 1380s, [Geoffrey Chaucer, William Caxton, editor], The Double Sorow of Troylus to Telle Kyng Pryamus Sone of Troye … [Troilus and Criseyde], [Westminster]: Explicit per Caxton, published 1482, →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], book V, [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC:


maten

maten (infinitive)
to maten (infinitive)
mate (infinitive)
mate (first-person present singular)
mated (first-person past singular)
matest (present second-person singular)
matedest (past second-person singular)
mateth (present singular third-person)
mated (past singular third-person)
mate (present singular subjunctive)
mated (past singular subjunctive)
mate (imperative present singular)
maten (plural present)
mate (plural present)
mateden (past plural)
matede (past plural)
mateth (imperative plural present)
mate (imperative plural present)
matynge (participle present)
matende (participle present)
mated (participle past)
ymated (participle past)
maat (alternative)
mate (alternative)

English: mate

From Middle French mater (“to checkmate”); equivalent to mat (“checkmate”) + -en (infinitival suffix).

af

To checkmate (capture the king in chess)


maten

maten (infinitive)
to maten (infinitive)
mate (infinitive)
mate (first-person present singular)
mated (first-person past singular)
matest (present second-person singular)
matedest (past second-person singular)
mateth (present singular third-person)
mated (past singular third-person)
mate (present singular subjunctive)
mated (past singular subjunctive)
mate (imperative present singular)
maten (plural present)
mate (plural present)
mateden (past plural)
matede (past plural)
mateth (imperative plural present)
mate (imperative plural present)
matynge (participle present)
matende (participle present)
mated (participle past)
ymated (participle past)
mat (alternative)
mate (alternative)
matin (alternative)
matyn (alternative)

English: mate

From Old French mater (“to kill”), from Vulgar Latin *mattō, of disputed origin. Equivalent to mat (“tired”) + -en (infinitival suffix).

To terrify or sadden; to render helpless.


molesten

enm-verb

molesten (third-person singular simple present molesteth, present participle molestende, molestynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle molested)

molesteth (present singular third-person)
molestende (participle present)
molestynge (participle present)
molested (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
molesten (infinitive)
to molesten (infinitive)
moleste (infinitive)
moleste (first-person present singular)
molested (first-person past singular)
moleste (first-person past singular)
molestest (present second-person singular)
molestedest (past second-person singular)
molestest (past second-person singular)
molesteth (present singular third-person)
molested (past singular third-person)
moleste (past singular third-person)
moleste (present singular subjunctive)
molested (past singular subjunctive)
moleste (past singular subjunctive)
moleste (imperative present singular)
molesten (plural present)
moleste (plural present)
molesteden (past plural)
molestede (past plural)
molesten (past plural)
moleste (past plural)
molesteth (imperative plural present)
moleste (imperative plural present)
molestynge (participle present)
molestende (participle present)
molested (participle past)
molest (participle past)
ymolested (participle past)
ymolest (participle past)
moleste (alternative)

English: molest

Scots: molest

Borrowed from Middle French molester and its etymon, Latin molestāre.

(rare, formal, Late Middle English) To harm, disturb, or distress.


nombren

nombren (third-person singular simple present nombreth, present participle nombrende, nombrynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle nombred)

nombreth (present singular third-person)
nombrende (participle present)
nombrynge (participle present)
nombred (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
nombren (infinitive)
to nombren (infinitive)
nombre (infinitive)
nombre (first-person present singular)
nombred (first-person past singular)
nombrest (present second-person singular)
nombredest (past second-person singular)
nombreth (present singular third-person)
nombred (past singular third-person)
nombre (present singular subjunctive)
nombred (past singular subjunctive)
nombre (imperative present singular)
nombren (plural present)
nombre (plural present)
nombreden (past plural)
nombrede (past plural)
nombreth (imperative plural present)
nombre (imperative plural present)
nombrynge (participle present)
nombrende (participle present)
nombred (participle past)
ynombred (participle past)
nombre (alternative)
noumbre (alternative)
noumbren (alternative)
noumbri (alternative)
nowmeron (alternative)
nowmeryn (alternative)
nowmyr (alternative)
nownber (alternative)
numbre (alternative)

English: number

Scots: nummer

Borrowed from Old French nombrer, from Latin numerō; equivalent to nombre + -en (infinitival suffix).

To enumerate or count; to measure the number of something:

To calculate; to perform arithmetic or measurement (especially time passing)

To decide the quantity of something (especially used of God)

To believe or think (that); to have an opinion.

(rare) To deduce or realise; to come to a conclusion.

(rare) To number (exist in a certain quantity).


noten

Scots: note

From Old English notian (“to make use of, utilise, employ”).


noten

English: note

⇒ Yola: ee-naate

Borrowed from Old French noter (“to notice”).


oren

oren (infinitive)
to oren (infinitive)
ore (infinitive)
ore (first-person present singular)
ored (first-person past singular)
orest (present second-person singular)
oredest (past second-person singular)
oreth (present singular third-person)
ored (past singular third-person)
ore (present singular subjunctive)
ored (past singular subjunctive)
ore (imperative present singular)
oren (plural present)
ore (plural present)
oreden (past plural)
orede (past plural)
oreth (imperative plural present)
ore (imperative plural present)
orynge (participle present)
orende (participle present)
ored (participle past)
yored (participle past)
aren (alternative)
arenn (alternative Ormulum)

Inherited from Old English ārian, from Proto-West Germanic *aiʀēn, from Proto-Germanic *aizāną. Equivalent to ore (“honour”) + -en (infinitival suffix).

af

(Early Middle English, rare) To treat mercifully.


reformen

enm-verb

reformen (third-person singular simple present reformeth, present participle reformende, reformynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle reformed)

reformeth (present singular third-person)
reformende (participle present)
reformynge (participle present)
reformed (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
reformen (infinitive)
to reformen (infinitive)
reforme (infinitive)
reforme (first-person present singular)
reformed (first-person past singular)
reformest (present second-person singular)
reformedest (past second-person singular)
reformeth (present singular third-person)
reformed (past singular third-person)
reforme (present singular subjunctive)
reformed (past singular subjunctive)
reforme (imperative present singular)
reformen (plural present)
reforme (plural present)
reformeden (past plural)
reformede (past plural)
reformeth (imperative plural present)
reforme (imperative plural present)
reformynge (participle present)
reformende (participle present)
reformed (participle past)
refoorme (alternative)
reforme (alternative)
reformyn (alternative)
refourme (alternative)

English: reform

Middle Scots: reform, reforme

Scots: reform

Borrowed from Middle French and Anglo-Norman reformer, refourmer, from Latin rēfōrmō; equivalent to re- + formen (“to create”).

To restore or return to a former situation:

To rejuvenate; to restore in might or power.

(rare) To return (property); to reconcile (people).

To mend or improve; to change for the better:

To recreate or remake (usually in a superior manner)

(surgery, horticulture) To place or set again.


releven

releven (infinitive)
to releven (infinitive)
releve (infinitive)
releve (first-person present singular)
releved (first-person past singular)
relevest (present second-person singular)
relevedest (past second-person singular)
releveth (present singular third-person)
releved (past singular third-person)
releve (present singular subjunctive)
releved (past singular subjunctive)
releve (imperative present singular)
releven (plural present)
releve (plural present)
releveden (past plural)
relevede (past plural)
releveth (imperative plural present)
releve (imperative plural present)
relevynge (participle present)
relevende (participle present)
releved (participle past)
yreleved (participle past)
relieven (alternative)

English: relieve

From Old French relever, specifically from the conjugated forms such as (jeo) relieve (“I lift up”), and its source, Latin relevo (“to lift up, lighten, relieve, alleviate”), combined form of re- (“back”) + levo (“to lift”).


reme

alternative form of remen (“to extend; to get up”)


remen

remen (infinitive)
to remen (infinitive)
reme (infinitive)
reme (first-person present singular)
remed (first-person past singular)
remest (present second-person singular)
remedest (past second-person singular)
remeth (present singular third-person)
remed (past singular third-person)
reme (present singular subjunctive)
remed (past singular subjunctive)
reme (imperative present singular)
remen (plural present)
reme (plural present)
remeden (past plural)
remede (past plural)
remeth (imperative plural present)
reme (imperative plural present)
remynge (participle present)
remende (participle present)
remed (participle past)
yremed (participle past)
reeme (alternative)
reme (alternative)
reeme (alternative)
rymen (alternative)


remen

remen (infinitive)
to remen (infinitive)
reme (infinitive)
reme (first-person present singular)
remed (first-person past singular)
remest (present second-person singular)
remedest (past second-person singular)
remeth (present singular third-person)
remed (past singular third-person)
reme (present singular subjunctive)
remed (past singular subjunctive)
reme (imperative present singular)
remen (plural present)
reme (plural present)
remeden (past plural)
remede (past plural)
remeth (imperative plural present)
reme (imperative plural present)
remynge (participle present)
remende (participle present)
remed (participle past)
yremed (participle past)
reme (alternative)
ræmen (alternative Early-Middle-English)
ræmien (alternative Early-Middle-English)
reamen (alternative Early-Middle-English)
remi (alternative Early-Middle-English)

Unknown; Potentially from an Old English *rǣman, (see Old English ārǣman) from an otherwise unattested Proto-Germanic *raimijaną.

To extend; to arise or awaken from one's rest.

(Early Middle English) To charge upon the battlefield.


resisten

enm-verb

resisten (third-person singular simple present resisteth, present participle resistende, resistynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle resisted)

resisteth (present singular third-person)
resistende (participle present)
resistynge (participle present)
resisted (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
resisten (infinitive)
to resisten (infinitive)
resiste (infinitive)
resiste (first-person present singular)
resisted (first-person past singular)
resistest (present second-person singular)
resistedest (past second-person singular)
resisteth (present singular third-person)
resisted (past singular third-person)
resiste (present singular subjunctive)
resisted (past singular subjunctive)
resiste (imperative present singular)
resisten (plural present)
resiste (plural present)
resisteden (past plural)
resistede (past plural)
resisteth (imperative plural present)
resiste (imperative plural present)
resistynge (participle present)
resistende (participle present)
resisted (participle past)
yresisted (participle past)
resiste (alternative)
resyst (alternative)
recysten (alternative)

English: resist

Scots: resist

From Anglo-Norman resister, resistre, from Latin resistō.

To resist; to work against or counteract.

(rare) To stop oneself in engaging in something;.


revele

alternative form of revelen (“to revel”)


revele

alternative form of revelen (“to reveal”)


revelen

revelen (third-person singular simple present reveleth, present participle revelende, revelynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle reveled)

reveleth (present singular third-person)
revelende (participle present)
revelynge (participle present)
reveled (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
revelen (infinitive)
to revelen (infinitive)
revele (infinitive)
revele (first-person present singular)
reveled (first-person past singular)
revelest (present second-person singular)
reveledest (past second-person singular)
reveleth (present singular third-person)
reveled (past singular third-person)
revele (present singular subjunctive)
reveled (past singular subjunctive)
revele (imperative present singular)
revelen (plural present)
revele (plural present)
reveleden (past plural)
revelede (past plural)
reveleth (imperative plural present)
revele (imperative plural present)
revelynge (participle present)
revelende (participle present)
reveled (participle past)
yreveled (participle past)
revel (alternative)
revele (alternative)
revell (alternative)
revelle (alternative)

English: revel

Borrowed from Old French reveler (“to revel”), from Latin rebellō; equivalent to revel + -en (infinitival suffix). Doublet of rebellen.

bor+

To revel; to merry-make or entertain oneself.


revelen

reveleth (present singular third-person)
revelende (participle present)
revelynge (participle present)
reveled (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
revelen (infinitive)
to revelen (infinitive)
revele (infinitive)
revele (first-person present singular)
reveled (first-person past singular)
revelest (present second-person singular)
reveledest (past second-person singular)
reveleth (present singular third-person)
reveled (past singular third-person)
revele (present singular subjunctive)
reveled (past singular subjunctive)
revele (imperative present singular)
revelen (plural present)
revele (plural present)
reveleden (past plural)
revelede (past plural)
reveleth (imperative plural present)
revele (imperative plural present)
revelynge (participle present)
revelende (participle present)
reveled (participle past)
yreveled (participle past)
reveele (alternative)
revele (alternative)

English: reveal

Borrowed from Middle French révéler, from Old French reveler (“to reveal”), from Latin revelō.

To reveal religious matters; to make a revelation.

(rare) To admit or reveal private matters.


rimen

enm-verb

rimen (third-person singular simple present rimeth, present participle rimende, rimynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle rimed)

rimeth (present singular third-person)
rimende (participle present)
rimynge (participle present)
rimed (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
rimen (infinitive)
to rimen (infinitive)
rime (infinitive)
rime (first-person present singular)
rimed (first-person past singular)
rimest (present second-person singular)
rimedest (past second-person singular)
rimeth (present singular third-person)
rimed (past singular third-person)
rime (present singular subjunctive)
rimed (past singular subjunctive)
rime (imperative present singular)
rimen (plural present)
rime (plural present)
rimeden (past plural)
rimede (past plural)
rimeth (imperative plural present)
rime (imperative plural present)
rimynge (participle present)
rimende (participle present)
rimed (participle past)
yrimed (participle past)
rime (alternative)
reime (alternative)
ryme (alternative)

English: rhyme

From Old English rīman (“to count, enumerate, number”), from Proto-Germanic *rīmaną.

inh

Ic ne mai rimen ne tellen all ðo sennes …

Of sorowe þat myghte he ryme Of x thousande men lefte no moo But sexty men and twelfe.


salven

salveen (infinitive)
to salveen (infinitive)
salvee (infinitive)
salvee (first-person present singular)
salveed (first-person past singular)
salveest (present second-person singular)
salveedest (past second-person singular)
salveeth (present singular third-person)
salveed (past singular third-person)
salvee (present singular subjunctive)
salveed (past singular subjunctive)
salvee (imperative present singular)
salveen (plural present)
salvee (plural present)
salveeden (past plural)
salveede (past plural)
salveeth (imperative plural present)
salvee (imperative plural present)
salveynge (participle present)
salveende (participle present)
salveed (participle past)
ysalveed (participle past)
salf (alternative)
salfe (alternative)
salve (alternative)
salvyn (alternative)
sallfenn (alternative Ormulum)

English: salve

Inherited from Old English sealfian, from Proto-West Germanic *salbōn, from Proto-Germanic *salbōną; equivalent to salve + -en (infinitival suffix).

To heal or cure; to make healthy or good.

(religion) To deliver from evil or perdition.

(rare) To anoint or salve; to apply salve to.


roben

roben (infinitive)
to roben (infinitive)
robe (infinitive)
robe (first-person present singular)
robed (first-person past singular)
robest (present second-person singular)
robedest (past second-person singular)
robeth (present singular third-person)
robed (past singular third-person)
robe (present singular subjunctive)
robed (past singular subjunctive)
robe (imperative present singular)
roben (plural present)
robe (plural present)
robeden (past plural)
robede (past plural)
robeth (imperative plural present)
robe (imperative plural present)
robynge (participle present)
robende (participle present)
robed (participle past)
yrobed (participle past)

English: robe


roten

enm-verb

roten (third-person singular simple present roteth, present participle rotynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle rotedaccel-form=1//3|s|past|ind)

roteth (present singular third-person)
rotynge (participle present)
roten (infinitive)
to roten (infinitive)
rote (infinitive)
rote (first-person present singular)
roted (first-person past singular)
rotest (present second-person singular)
rotedest (past second-person singular)
roteth (present singular third-person)
roted (past singular third-person)
rote (present singular subjunctive)
roted (past singular subjunctive)
rote (imperative present singular)
roten (plural present)
rote (plural present)
roteden (past plural)
rotede (past plural)
roteth (imperative plural present)
rote (imperative plural present)
rotynge (participle present)
rotende (participle present)
roted (participle past)
roten (participle past)
rote (participle past)
roote (alternative)
rooton (alternative)
rootye (alternative)
rot (alternative)
rote (alternative)
roti (alternative)
rotie (alternative)
rotte (alternative)
rotten (alternative)
roty (alternative)
rotye (alternative)
rotyn (alternative)
rotenn (alternative Early-Middle-English)
rotien (alternative Early-Middle-English)
rotiȝen (alternative Early-Middle-English)

English: rot

Scots: rot

Yola: rothed, rotheda, rothyed (adj)

Inherited from Old English rotian, from Proto-West Germanic *rotēn, from Proto-Germanic *rutāną.

To decompose; to make or become rotten or spoiled:

To become toxic or noxious (of gas or liquid)

To putrefy; to become or make infected or gangrenous (in the body).

(rare) To become rusty; to develop a layer of rust.

To morally degenerate or decay; to become sinful.

To languish; to become weak or feeble due to imprisonment.

To disappear; to lose presence, existence, or vitality.

(of clothing) To become tattered, ragged, or old.


roten

roteth (present singular third-person)
rotynge (participle present)
roten (infinitive)
to roten (infinitive)
rote (infinitive)
rote (first-person present singular)
roted (first-person past singular)
rotest (present second-person singular)
rotedest (past second-person singular)
roteth (present singular third-person)
roted (past singular third-person)
rote (present singular subjunctive)
roted (past singular subjunctive)
rote (imperative present singular)
roten (plural present)
rote (plural present)
roteden (past plural)
rotede (past plural)
roteth (imperative plural present)
rote (imperative plural present)
rotynge (participle present)
rotende (participle present)
roted (participle past)
yroted (participle past)
rooten (alternative)
rote (alternative)
rotyn (alternative)

English: root

Scots: ruit

From rote (“root”) + -en (infinitival suffix).

af

To settle or fix; to put in a permanent state.

To begin or institute; to cause to settle or fix.

To place a value or belief into one's mind.

To link or connect; to make an attachment.


seden

enm-verb

seden (third-person singular simple present sedeth, present participle sedende, sedynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle seded)

sedeth (present singular third-person)
sedende (participle present)
sedynge (participle present)
seded (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
seden (infinitive)
to seden (infinitive)
sede (infinitive)
sede (first-person present singular)
seded (first-person past singular)
sedest (present second-person singular)
sededest (past second-person singular)
sedeth (present singular third-person)
seded (past singular third-person)
sede (present singular subjunctive)
seded (past singular subjunctive)
sede (imperative present singular)
seden (plural present)
sede (plural present)
sededen (past plural)
sedede (past plural)
sedeth (imperative plural present)
sede (imperative plural present)
sedynge (participle present)
sedende (participle present)
seded (participle past)
yseded (participle past)
cedyn (alternative)
sedyn (alternative)
sede (alternative)
seed (alternative)
seede (alternative)
seeden (alternative)

English: seed

Scots: seed

(figurative, rare) To distribute offspring


sellen

sellen (third-person singular simple present selleth, present participle sellynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative solde, past participle sold)

selleth (present singular third-person)
sellynge (participle present)
solde (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
sold (participle past)
sellen (infinitive)
to sellen (infinitive)
selle (infinitive)
selle (first-person present singular)
solde (first-person past singular)
selde (first-person past singular)
sellest (present second-person singular)
soldest (past second-person singular)
seldest (past second-person singular)
selleth (present singular third-person)
solde (past singular third-person)
selde (past singular third-person)
selle (present singular subjunctive)
solde (past singular subjunctive)
selde (past singular subjunctive)
selle (imperative present singular)
sellen (plural present)
selle (plural present)
solden (past plural)
solde (past plural)
selden (past plural)
selde (past plural)
selleth (imperative plural present)
selle (imperative plural present)
sellynge (participle present)
sellende (participle present)
sold (participle past)
seld (participle past)
ysold (participle past)
yseld (participle past)
cellyn (alternative)
sel (alternative)
selle (alternative)
sellyn (alternative)
sillen (alternative)
sille (alternative)
sulle (alternative)
sullen (alternative)
syllen (alternative)
sellenn (alternative Early-Middle-English)
seollen (alternative Early-Middle-English)
sullan (alternative Early-Middle-English)
zelle (alternative Kent)
sulle (alternative)
sullen (alternative)
suylle (alternative)

English: sell

→ Dutch: sellen

Scots: sell

Inherited from Old English sellan, from Proto-West Germanic *salljan, from Proto-Germanic *saljaną (“to give”).

To grant; to confer or bestow:
To gift; to give or confer a present.

To serve or administer; to give comestibles.

To grant; to confer or bestow:
To sacrifice or hand over (one's life)

To sell; to make a sale or transaction:
To market; to put up for sale.

To sell into slavery; to enslave for money.

Wou ſitte ye poſtles. a[n]t wi nule ye ete. / ic am ibouſt a[n]t iſold. to day foꝛ oure mete.

c. 1275, Judas (Roud 2964, Child Ballad 23, Trinity College MS. B.14.39), folio 34, recto, lines 29-30; republished at Cambridge: Wren Digital Library (Trinity College), 2019 May 29:

"How are you, apostles? Why won't you eat? / I was bought and sold today for our food."

þat no man mai bie eiþ[ir] ſille .· but þei han þe caracter eiþ[ir] þe name of þe beeſte · eiþ[ir] þe nou[m]bꝛe of his name

c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Apocalips 13:17, page 122v, column 1; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:

[…] so nobody could buy or sell [anything] unless they had the mark, the name of the Beast, or the number denoting his name.

(usually negative) To give up in exchange (outside of an explicit transaction).

(religion) To sell one's soul; to consign one's soul to Hell.

(figuratively) To weaken, adulterate or lose (in exchange)

I nul ſulle my louerd foꝛ noneſ cunneſ eiſte. / bote hit be foꝛ þe þritti platen. þat he me bitaiſte.

c. 1275, Judas (Roud 2964, Child Ballad 23, Trinity College MS. B.14.39), folio 34, recto, lines 22-23; republished at Cambridge: Wren Digital Library (Trinity College), 2019 May 29:

"I won't betray my Lord for any kind of good, / except for the thirty pieces that he left me."

To betray; to give up or hand over (usually a person)

To get revenge (for a transgression or wrong).


techen

techen (third-person singular simple present techeth, present participle techynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative taughte, past participle ytaught)

techeth (present singular third-person)
techynge (participle present)
taughte (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
ytaught (participle past)
techen (infinitive)
to techen (infinitive)
teche (infinitive)
teche (first-person present singular)
taughte (first-person past singular)
techest (present second-person singular)
taughtest (past second-person singular)
techeth (present singular third-person)
taughte (past singular third-person)
teche (present singular subjunctive)
taughte (past singular subjunctive)
teche (imperative present singular)
techen (plural present)
teche (plural present)
taughten (past plural)
taughte (past plural)
techeth (imperative plural present)
teche (imperative plural present)
techynge (participle present)
techende (participle present)
taught (participle past)
ytaught (participle past)

English: teach

Scots: teich

Yola: teach

From Old English tǣċan (“to show, declare, demonstrate; teach, instruct, train; assign, prescribe, direct; warn; persuade”), from Proto-West Germanic *taikijan, from Proto-Germanic *taikijaną (“to show”), from Proto-Indo-European *deyḱ- (“to show”).
Cognate with Gothic 𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌴𐌹𐌷𐌰𐌽 (gateihan, “to announce, declare, tell”), Latin dīcō (“speak, say, tell”), Ancient Greek δείκνυμι (deíknumi, “show, point out, explain, teach”). More at token.

cog

And I said, "Sir, in his time master John Wycliffe was held by very many men the greatest clerk that they knew living upon earth. And therewith he was named, as I guess worthily, a passing ruly man and an innocent in all his living. And herefore great men of cunning and others also drawn much to him, and communed oft with him. And they savored so his lore that they wrote it busily and enforced them to rule them thereafter… Master John Aston taught and wrote accordingly and very busily, where and when and to whom he might, and he used it himself, I guess, right perfectly unto his life's end. Also Filip of Repintown while he was a canon of Leicester, Nicholas Hereford, dan Geffrey of Pickering, monk of Byland and a master divinity, and John Purvey, and many others which were held righteous men and prudent, taught and wrote busily this forsaid lore of Wycliffe, and conformed them thereto. And with all these men I was oft homely and I communed with them many a long time, and so before all other men I choose willfully to be informed by them and of them, and specially of Wycliffe himself, as of the most virtuous and goodly wise man that I heard of anywhere either knew. And herefore of Wycliffe specially and of these men I took the lore which I have taught and purpose to live after, if God will, to my life's end.


tiren

teren (infinitive)
to teren (infinitive)
tere (infinitive)
tere (first-person present singular)
tered (first-person past singular)
terest (present second-person singular)
teredest (past second-person singular)
tereth (present singular third-person)
tered (past singular third-person)
tere (present singular subjunctive)
tered (past singular subjunctive)
tere (imperative present singular)
teren (plural present)
tere (plural present)
tereden (past plural)
terede (past plural)
tereth (imperative plural present)
tere (imperative plural present)
terynge (participle present)
terende (participle present)
tered (participle past)
tere (alternative Early-Middle-English)
teoren (alternative Early-Middle-English)

English: tire

Scots: tire, tyre, tyr

From Old English teorian, from Proto-West Germanic *teuʀōn.


tornen

Old English turnian, reinforced by Old French torner, both from Latin tornō


tosen

enm-verb

tosen (third-person singular simple present toseth, present participle tosende, tosynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle tosed)

toseth (present singular third-person)
tosende (participle present)
tosynge (participle present)
tosed (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
tosen (infinitive)
to tosen (infinitive)
tose (infinitive)
tose (first-person present singular)
tosed (first-person past singular)
tosest (present second-person singular)
tosedest (past second-person singular)
toseth (present singular third-person)
tosed (past singular third-person)
tose (present singular subjunctive)
tosed (past singular subjunctive)
tose (imperative present singular)
tosen (plural present)
tose (plural present)
toseden (past plural)
tosede (past plural)
toseth (imperative plural present)
tose (imperative plural present)
tosynge (participle present)
tosende (participle present)
tosed (participle past)
ytosed (participle past)
tose (alternative)
toson (alternative)

desc

English: tose, toze, toase, toaze (obsolete)

From Old English *tāsan, from Proto-West Germanic *taisan, from Proto-Germanic *taisaną. Compare tesen.

To card (straighten the fibres of) wool.

(figuratively, rare) To dissect or examine.


transformen

enm-verb

transformen (third-person singular simple present transformeth, present participle transformende, transformynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle transformed)

transformeth (present singular third-person)
transformende (participle present)
transformynge (participle present)
transformed (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
transformen (infinitive)
to transformen (infinitive)
transforme (infinitive)
transforme (first-person present singular)
transformed (first-person past singular)
transformest (present second-person singular)
transformedest (past second-person singular)
transformeth (present singular third-person)
transformed (past singular third-person)
transforme (present singular subjunctive)
transformed (past singular subjunctive)
transforme (imperative present singular)
transformen (plural present)
transforme (plural present)
transformeden (past plural)
transformede (past plural)
transformeth (imperative plural present)
transforme (imperative plural present)
transformynge (participle present)
transformende (participle present)
transformed (participle past)
transforme (alternative)
transfoorme (alternative)
transfourme (alternative)

English: transform

Middle Scots: transforme

Borrowed from Middle French transfourmer or its etymon Latin trānsfōrmō; equivalent to trans- + formen (“to create”).

bor+

To shapeshift; to change or cause to change into the appearance of another creature.

(figuratively) To deceive or misconstrue; to create a false depiction.

(figuratively) To emotionally modify or alter.

(by extension, rare) To alter something's appearance or form.


tumben

enm-verb

tumben (third-person singular simple present tumbeth, present participle tumbende, tumbynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle tumbed)

tumbeth (present singular third-person)
tumbende (participle present)
tumbynge (participle present)
tumbed (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
tomben (alternative)
toumbe (alternative)

English: tumb

From Old English tumbian (“to tumble”) (from Proto-Germanic *tūmōną (“to turn, rotate”)) and Anglo-Norman toumber (“to fall”) (Old French tumber), itself perhaps from the same Germanic verb via Frankish.


tumben

tumbeth (present singular third-person)
tumbende (participle present)
tumbynge (participle present)
tumbed (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)


turnen

enm-verb

turnen (third-person singular simple present turneth, present participle turnende, turnynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle turned)

turneth (present singular third-person)
turnende (participle present)
turnynge (participle present)
turned (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
turnen (infinitive)
to turnen (infinitive)
turne (infinitive)
turne (first-person present singular)
turned (first-person past singular)
turnest (present second-person singular)
turnedest (past second-person singular)
turneth (present singular third-person)
turned (past singular third-person)
turne (present singular subjunctive)
turned (past singular subjunctive)
turne (imperative present singular)
turnen (plural present)
turne (plural present)
turneden (past plural)
turnede (past plural)
turneth (imperative plural present)
turne (imperative plural present)
turnynge (participle present)
turnende (participle present)
turned (participle past)
yturned (participle past)

English: turn

Scots: turn

From Old English turnian, tyrnan (“to turn, rotate, revolve”) and Old French torner (“to turn”), both from Latin tornāre (“to round off, turn in a lathe”), from tornus (“lathe”), from Ancient Greek τόρνος (tórnos, “a tool used for making circles”), from Proto-Indo-European *terh₁- (“to rub, rub by turning, turn, twist, bore”).


usen

English: use

From the Old French user, usser, uiser, huser, and the Anglo-Norman usier.

us (alternative)
use (alternative)
usi (alternative)
usie (alternative)
uson (alternative)
ues (alternative)
uesen (alternative)
ouse (alternative)
huse (alternative)
hoise (alternative)
yowes (alternative)
uise (alternative)
oise (alternative)
oisin (alternative)
useth (alternative)
usit (alternative)
uzeth (alternative)
usen (alternative)
usun (alternative)
usune (alternative)
uzeth (alternative)
using (alternative)
usinge (alternative)
usint (alternative)
used (alternative)
usede (alternative)
usedde (alternative)
usit (alternative)
uisit (alternative)
used (alternative)
usede (alternative)
useden (alternative)
usuden (alternative)
usut (alternative)
uiseden (alternative)
uset (alternative)
used (alternative)
usede (alternative)
iused (alternative)
iusede (alternative)
uset (alternative)
usude (alternative)
ussede (alternative)
ussit (alternative)
uszed (alternative)
ewsyd (alternative)
iuised (alternative)
iuzed (alternative)
usith (alternative)
wysed (alternative)


waxen

waxen (infinitive)
to waxen (infinitive)
waxe (infinitive)
waxe (first-person present singular)
wex (first-person past singular)
wox (first-person past singular)
waxed (first-person past singular)
waxest (present second-person singular)
wexe (past second-person singular)
woxe (past second-person singular)
wex (past second-person singular)
wox (past second-person singular)
waxedest (past second-person singular)
waxeth (present singular third-person)
wex (past singular third-person)
wox (past singular third-person)
waxed (past singular third-person)
waxe (present singular subjunctive)
wexe (past singular subjunctive)
woxe (past singular subjunctive)
waxed (past singular subjunctive)
waxe (imperative present singular)
waxen (plural present)
waxe (plural present)
wexen (past plural)
wexe (past plural)
woxen (past plural)
woxe (past plural)
waxeden (past plural)
waxede (past plural)
waxeth (imperative plural present)
waxe (imperative plural present)
waxynge (participle present)
waxende (participle present)
waxen (participle past)
ywaxen (participle past)
waxe (participle past)
ywaxe (participle past)
woxen (participle past)
ywoxen (participle past)
woxe (participle past)
ywoxe (participle past)
wexen (participle past)
ywexen (participle past)
wexe (participle past)
ywexe (participle past)
waxed (participle past)
ywaxed (participle past)
waxenn (alternative)
waxin (alternative)
waxyn (alternative)
waxe (alternative)
wax (alternative)
wexen (alternative)
wexsyn (alternative)
wexe (alternative)
wexi (alternative)
vexen (alternative)

English: wax

Scots: wax

From Old English weaxan, from Proto-West Germanic *wahsijan, from Proto-Germanic *wahsijaną.

An oþer parable iheſus puttide foꝛþ to hem. / ⁊ ſeide / þe kyngdom of heuenes is lijk to a coꝛn of ſeneuey · which a man took ⁊ ſewe in his feeld · / which is þe leeſt of alle ſeedis / but whanne it haþ woxen .· it is the mooſt of alle woꝛtis · ⁊ is maad a tre / ſo þe bꝛiddis of þe eir comen ⁊ dwellen in þe bowis þerof.

c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Matheu 13:31-32, page 6v, column 1; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:

Jesus put another parable forwards to them, saying: "The Kingdom of Heaven is like a mustard seed that a person took and sowed in their field; / it is the smallest of all seeds, but when it has grown, it is the largest of all plants; it becomes a tree, so the birds of the air come and nest in its branches."

To grow (become larger):
To grow up; to become fully grown.

To wax (of the moon); to rise (of the tide).

To change; to turn (to or into something)

To become, to assume (a quality or state)


waxen

waxen (infinitive)
to waxen (infinitive)
waxe (infinitive)
waxe (first-person present singular)
waxed (first-person past singular)
waxest (present second-person singular)
waxedest (past second-person singular)
waxeth (present singular third-person)
waxed (past singular third-person)
waxe (present singular subjunctive)
waxed (past singular subjunctive)
waxe (imperative present singular)
waxen (plural present)
waxe (plural present)
waxeden (past plural)
waxede (past plural)
waxeth (imperative plural present)
waxe (imperative plural present)
waxynge (participle present)
waxende (participle present)
waxed (participle past)
ywaxed (participle past)
waxyn (alternative)
waxe (alternative)
wax (alternative)
wexen (alternative)

English: wax

From wax (“wax”) + -en (infinitival suffix).


geste

alternative form of gesten (“to host a guest”)


geste

alternative form of gesten (“to read poetry”)


whan

alternative form of wanne: singular simple past of winnen

alternative form of wonnen: plural simple past of winnen


sownen

enm-verb

sownen (third-person singular simple present sowneth, present participle sownende, sownynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle sowned)

sowneth (present singular third-person)
sownende (participle present)
sownynge (participle present)
sowned (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)

Al be that I kan nat sowne his stile, / Ne kan nat clymben over so heigh a style

Late 14th century, Geoffrey Chaucer, ‘The Squire's Tale’, Canterbury Tales


glood

Late 14th century: The vapour which that fro the erthe glood

Geoffrey Chaucer, ‘The Squire's Tale’, Canterbury Tales


twynne

And ther I wol eternaly compleyne / My wo, and how that twynned be we tweyne.

c. 1385, Geoffrey Chaucer, “Troilus and Criseyde”, in Larry Dean Benson, editor, The Riverside Chaucer, 2008 paperback edition, published 1987, page 544:

c. 1387-1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Squire's Tale, The Canterbury Tales, 2011, Mark Allen, John H. Fisher (editors), The Complete Poetry and Prose of Geoffrey Chaucer, 3rd Edition (electronic version), page 200,
"[…]Fortune wolde that he moste twynne" / Out of that place which that I was inne.

(please add an English translation of this quotation)


craved

first/third-person singular past indicative of craven

(dialectal) second-person singular past indicative of craven