sprenten

sprenten (third-person singular simple present sprente, present participle sprentynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative sprente, past participle sprent)

sprente (present singular third-person)
sprentynge (participle present)
sprente (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
sprent (participle past)
sprenten (infinitive)
to sprenten (infinitive)
sprente (infinitive)
sprente (first-person present singular)
sprente (first-person past singular)
sprentest (present second-person singular)
sprentest (past second-person singular)
sprenteth (present singular third-person)
sprente (past singular third-person)
sprente (present singular subjunctive)
sprente (past singular subjunctive)
sprente (imperative present singular)
sprenten (plural present)
sprente (plural present)
sprenten (past plural)
sprente (past plural)
sprenteth (imperative plural present)
sprente (imperative plural present)
sprentynge (participle present)
sprentende (participle present)
sprent (participle past)
sprent (alternative)

q

English: sprint (see there for further descendants; dialectal sprent, sprunt)

Scots: sprent, sprint, spraint, sprind

Borrowed from Old Norse *sprenta (for later spretta), from Proto-Germanic *sprantijaną, thus a doublet of sprytten. Reinforced by sprent, variant of sprend, past participle of sprengen.


fagen

enm-verb

fagen (third-person singular simple present fageth, present participle fagende, fagynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle faged)

fageth (present singular third-person)
fagende (participle present)
fagynge (participle present)
faged (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
fagen (infinitive)
to fagen (infinitive)
fage (infinitive)
fage (first-person present singular)
faged (first-person past singular)
fagest (present second-person singular)
fagedest (past second-person singular)
fageth (present singular third-person)
faged (past singular third-person)
fage (present singular subjunctive)
faged (past singular subjunctive)
fage (imperative present singular)
fagen (plural present)
fage (plural present)
fageden (past plural)
fagede (past plural)
fageth (imperative plural present)
fage (imperative plural present)
fagynge (participle present)
fagende (participle present)
faged (participle past)
fage (alternative)
ffage (alternative)

English: fage (obsolete)

Unknown; equivalent to fage + -en (infinitival suffix).


beggen

beggen (third-person singular simple present beggeth, present participle beggende, beggynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle begged)

beggeth (present singular third-person)
beggende (participle present)
beggynge (participle present)
begged (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
beggen (infinitive)
to beggen (infinitive)
begge (infinitive)
begge (first-person present singular)
begged (first-person past singular)
beggest (present second-person singular)
beggedest (past second-person singular)
beggeth (present singular third-person)
begged (past singular third-person)
begge (present singular subjunctive)
begged (past singular subjunctive)
begge (imperative present singular)
beggen (plural present)
begge (plural present)
beggeden (past plural)
beggede (past plural)
beggeth (imperative plural present)
begge (imperative plural present)
beggynge (participle present)
beggende (participle present)
begged (participle past)
ybegged (participle past)
begg (alternative)
begge (alternative)
beggyn (alternative)

English: beg

→ Volapük: begön

Scots: beg

Either inherited from Old English *bedcian, *becgian, a syncopated variant of bedecian, or a back-formation from beggere.

To entreat or plead; to ask with fervour.

To live as a beggar; to continually beg.


dauntynge

dauntyng (alternative)
dawntyng (alternative)
dawntynge (alternative)


trenchen

trenchen (third-person singular simple present trencheth, present participle trenchende, trenchynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle trenched)

trencheth (present singular third-person)
trenchende (participle present)
trenchynge (participle present)
trenched (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
trenchen (infinitive)
to trenchen (infinitive)
trenche (infinitive)
trenche (first-person present singular)
trenched (first-person past singular)
trenchest (present second-person singular)
trenchedest (past second-person singular)
trencheth (present singular third-person)
trenched (past singular third-person)
trenche (present singular subjunctive)
trenched (past singular subjunctive)
trenche (imperative present singular)
trenchen (plural present)
trenche (plural present)
trencheden (past plural)
trenchede (past plural)
trencheth (imperative plural present)
trenche (imperative plural present)
trenchynge (participle present)
trenchende (participle present)
trenched (participle past)
ytrenched (participle past)

English: trench

Middle Scots: trinch

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman trencher, possibly from Vulgar Latin trinicāre; equivalent to trenche + -en (infinitival suffix).


becnien

(Early Middle English) alternative form of bekenen


bounen

bounen (infinitive)
to bounen (infinitive)
boune (infinitive)
boune (first-person present singular)
bouned (first-person past singular)
bounest (present second-person singular)
bounedest (past second-person singular)
bouneth (present singular third-person)
bouned (past singular third-person)
boune (present singular subjunctive)
bouned (past singular subjunctive)
boune (imperative present singular)
bounen (plural present)
boune (plural present)
bouneden (past plural)
bounede (past plural)
bouneth (imperative plural present)
boune (imperative plural present)
bounynge (participle present)
bounende (participle present)
bouned (participle past)
boun (alternative)
boune (alternative)
bowne (alternative)
buwne (alternative)

English: boun (obsolete)

Scots: boun


lovynge

Inherited from Old English lufung; equivalent to loven (“to love”) + -ing.

luffenge (alternative)
lofynge (alternative)
loovyng (alternative)
lovengge (alternative)
lovyng (alternative)
lufinge (alternative)
lufing (alternative Northern)


lovynge

Inherited from Old English lofung; equivalent to loven (“to praise”) + -ing.

loovinge (alternative)
loovynge (alternative)
loowynge (alternative)
loveyng (alternative)
loveynge (alternative)
loving (alternative)
lovyng (alternative)
lowyng (alternative)
loyfynge (alternative)

present participle of loven (“to praise”)


gloven

gloven (third-person singular simple present gloveth, present participle glovende, glovynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle gloved)

gloveth (present singular third-person)
glovende (participle present)
glovynge (participle present)
gloved (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
gloven (infinitive)
to gloven (infinitive)
glove (infinitive)
glove (first-person present singular)
gloved (first-person past singular)
glovest (present second-person singular)
glovedest (past second-person singular)
gloveth (present singular third-person)
gloved (past singular third-person)
glove (present singular subjunctive)
gloved (past singular subjunctive)
glove (imperative present singular)
gloven (plural present)
glove (plural present)
gloveden (past plural)
glovede (past plural)
gloveth (imperative plural present)
glove (imperative plural present)
glovynge (participle present)
glovende (participle present)
gloved (participle past)
ygloved (participle past)
gloove (alternative)
glooven (alternative)

English: glove

To glove; to put on gloves or gauntlets.


luvie

(Early Middle English) alternative form of loven (“to love”)


luvie

(Early Middle English) alternative form of loven (“to praise”)


lofenn

(Ormulum) alternative form of loven (“to praise”)


lufenn

(Ormulum) alternative form of loven (“to love”)


fecchen

fecchen (infinitive)
to fecchen (infinitive)
fecche (infinitive)
fecche (first-person present singular)
fecched (first-person past singular)
fecchest (present second-person singular)
fecchedest (past second-person singular)
feccheth (present singular third-person)
fecched (past singular third-person)
fecche (present singular subjunctive)
fecched (past singular subjunctive)
fecche (imperative present singular)
fecchen (plural present)
fecche (plural present)
feccheden (past plural)
fecchede (past plural)
feccheth (imperative plural present)
fecche (imperative plural present)
fecchynge (participle present)
fecchende (participle present)
fecched (participle past)
yfecched (participle past)
facchen (alternative)
focchen (alternative)
vecchen (alternative)
vacchen (alternative)

English: fetch

Yola: vetch

Inherited from Old English feċċan, probably a contraction of fetian, from Proto-Germanic *fatōną; compare fetten.


comforten

comforten (infinitive)
to comforten (infinitive)
comforte (infinitive)
comforte (first-person present singular)
comforted (first-person past singular)
comfortest (present second-person singular)
comfortedest (past second-person singular)
comforteth (present singular third-person)
comforted (past singular third-person)
comforte (present singular subjunctive)
comforted (past singular subjunctive)
comforte (imperative present singular)
comforten (plural present)
comforte (plural present)
comforteden (past plural)
comfortede (past plural)
comforteth (imperative plural present)
comforte (imperative plural present)
comfortynge (participle present)
comfortende (participle present)
comforted (participle past)
conforten (alternative)

English: comfort

Yola: comfoort

From Old French conforter, from Latin confortō.


rubben

rubben (third-person singular simple present rubbeth, present participle rubbende, rubbynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle rubbed)

rubbeth (present singular third-person)
rubbende (participle present)
rubbynge (participle present)
rubbed (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
rubben (infinitive)
to rubben (infinitive)
rubbe (infinitive)
rubbe (first-person present singular)
rubbed (first-person past singular)
rubbest (present second-person singular)
rubbedest (past second-person singular)
rubbeth (present singular third-person)
rubbed (past singular third-person)
rubbe (present singular subjunctive)
rubbed (past singular subjunctive)
rubbe (imperative present singular)
rubben (plural present)
rubbe (plural present)
rubbeden (past plural)
rubbede (past plural)
rubbeth (imperative plural present)
rubbe (imperative plural present)
rubbynge (participle present)
rubbende (participle present)
rubbed (participle past)
yrubbed (participle past)
robbe (alternative)
robby (alternative)
rubbe (alternative)
rubbyn (alternative)
rube (alternative)

English: rub

Scots: rub

Uncertain, though akin to Low German rubben, Saterland Frisian rubben, and Old Norse rubba. Possibly ultimately from Proto-Germanic *rubbōną, related to *reufaną.

To rub; to move back and forwards on a surface:

To massage or stroke; to rub gently and soothingly.

To file or scrape off; to attack with an edge.


rudni

(Early Middle English) alternative form of rudnen


rodye

(West Midlands) alternative form of ruden


pycchen

pycchen (infinitive)
to pycchen (infinitive)
pycche (infinitive)
pycche (first-person present singular)
pycched (first-person past singular)
pycchest (present second-person singular)
pycchedest (past second-person singular)
pyccheth (present singular third-person)
pycched (past singular third-person)
pycche (present singular subjunctive)
pycched (past singular subjunctive)
pycche (imperative present singular)
pycchen (plural present)
pycche (plural present)
pyccheden (past plural)
pycchede (past plural)
pyccheth (imperative plural present)
pycche (imperative plural present)
pycchynge (participle present)
pycchende (participle present)
pycched (participle past)
ypycched (participle past)
picchen (alternative)

English: pitch

Yola: pitcht (ppl.)


symulen

symulen (third-person singular simple present symuleth, present participle symulende, symulynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle symuled)

symuleth (present singular third-person)
symulende (participle present)
symulynge (participle present)
symuled (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
symulen (infinitive)
to symulen (infinitive)
symule (infinitive)
symule (first-person present singular)
symuled (first-person past singular)
symulest (present second-person singular)
symuledest (past second-person singular)
symuleth (present singular third-person)
symuled (past singular third-person)
symule (present singular subjunctive)
symuled (past singular subjunctive)
symule (imperative present singular)
symulen (plural present)
symule (plural present)
symuleden (past plural)
symulede (past plural)
symuleth (imperative plural present)
symule (imperative plural present)
symulynge (participle present)
symulende (participle present)
symuled (participle past)
ysymuled (participle past)

Borrowed from Middle French simuler, from Latin simulō.


rioten

rioten (third-person singular simple present rioteth, present participle riotende, riotynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle rioted)

rioteth (present singular third-person)
riotende (participle present)
riotynge (participle present)
rioted (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
rioten (infinitive)
to rioten (infinitive)
riote (infinitive)
riote (first-person present singular)
rioted (first-person past singular)
riotest (present second-person singular)
riotedest (past second-person singular)
rioteth (present singular third-person)
rioted (past singular third-person)
riote (present singular subjunctive)
rioted (past singular subjunctive)
riote (imperative present singular)
rioten (plural present)
riote (plural present)
rioteden (past plural)
riotede (past plural)
rioteth (imperative plural present)
riote (imperative plural present)
riotynge (participle present)
riotende (participle present)
rioted (participle past)
riot (alternative)
riote (alternative)
ryot (alternative)
ryotte (alternative)

English: riot

Scots: royet, royt

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman rioter; equivalent to riot + -en (infinitival suffix).

(rare) To live without restraint; to behave in a riotous way.


avauncen

avauncen (infinitive)
to avauncen (infinitive)
avaunce (infinitive)
avaunce (first-person present singular)
avaunced (first-person past singular)
avauncest (present second-person singular)
avauncedest (past second-person singular)
avaunceth (present singular third-person)
avaunced (past singular third-person)
avaunce (present singular subjunctive)
avaunced (past singular subjunctive)
avaunce (imperative present singular)
avauncen (plural present)
avaunce (plural present)
avaunceden (past plural)
avauncede (past plural)
avaunceth (imperative plural present)
avaunce (imperative plural present)
avauncynge (participle present)
avauncende (participle present)
avaunced (participle past)
avancen (alternative)

desc

English: advance (/d/ by analogy with ad-)

Yola: avancet (preterite)

Etymology tree
Latin ab
Proto-Indo-European *h₂énti
Proto-Italic *anti
Latin ante
Late Latin ab ante
Latin -ō
Latin *abanteāre
Old French avancierbor.
Middle English avauncen
From Anglo-Norman avauncier, from Vulgar Latin *abanteāre.


kyken

kyken (infinitive)
to kyken (infinitive)
kyke (infinitive)
kyke (first-person present singular)
kyked (first-person past singular)
kykest (present second-person singular)
kykedest (past second-person singular)
kyketh (present singular third-person)
kyked (past singular third-person)
kyke (present singular subjunctive)
kyked (past singular subjunctive)
kyke (imperative present singular)
kyken (plural present)
kyke (plural present)
kykeden (past plural)
kykede (past plural)
kyketh (imperative plural present)
kyke (imperative plural present)
kykynge (participle present)
kykende (participle present)
kyked (participle past)
ykyked (participle past)
kyke (alternative)
kike (alternative)

English: kick

Yola: kink (nasal)


grinten

enm-verb

grinten (third-person singular simple present grinteth, present participle grintende, grintynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle grinted)

grinteth (present singular third-person)
grintende (participle present)
grintynge (participle present)
grinted (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
grynten (alternative)
grenten (alternative)

English: grint (obsolete)

Inherited from Old English *gryntan, from Proto-West Germanic *grunnittjan.


wisshen

wisshen (third-person singular simple present wissheth, present participle wisshende, wisshynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle wisshed)

wissheth (present singular third-person)
wisshende (participle present)
wisshynge (participle present)
wisshed (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
wisshen (infinitive)
to wisshen (infinitive)
wisshe (infinitive)
wisshe (first-person present singular)
wisshed (first-person past singular)
wisshest (present second-person singular)
wisshedest (past second-person singular)
wissheth (present singular third-person)
wisshed (past singular third-person)
wisshe (present singular subjunctive)
wisshed (past singular subjunctive)
wisshe (imperative present singular)
wisshen (plural present)
wisshe (plural present)
wissheden (past plural)
wisshede (past plural)
wissheth (imperative plural present)
wisshe (imperative plural present)
wisshynge (participle present)
wisshende (participle present)
wisshed (participle past)
ywisshed (participle past)
wischen (alternative)
wüschen (alternative)

English: wish

Scots: wis

Yola: vish

From Old English wȳsċan, from Proto-West Germanic *wunskijan, from Proto-Germanic *wunskijaną.


tumblen

tumblen (infinitive)
to tumblen (infinitive)
tumble (infinitive)
tumble (first-person present singular)
tumbled (first-person past singular)
tumblest (present second-person singular)
tumbledest (past second-person singular)
tumbleth (present singular third-person)
tumbled (past singular third-person)
tumble (present singular subjunctive)
tumbled (past singular subjunctive)
tumble (imperative present singular)
tumblen (plural present)
tumble (plural present)
tumbleden (past plural)
tumblede (past plural)
tumbleth (imperative plural present)
tumble (imperative plural present)
tumblynge (participle present)
tumblende (participle present)
tumbled (participle past)
ytumbled (participle past)
toumble (alternative)

English: tumble

Frequentative of tumben (“to fall, leap, dance”).


baulen

English: bawl

(Late Middle English, hapax legomenon) to bark (of a dog)


scrapen

scrapen (infinitive)
to scrapen (infinitive)
scrape (infinitive)
scrape (first-person present singular)
scraped (first-person past singular)
scrapest (present second-person singular)
scrapedest (past second-person singular)
scrapeth (present singular third-person)
scraped (past singular third-person)
scrape (present singular subjunctive)
scraped (past singular subjunctive)
scrape (imperative present singular)
scrapen (plural present)
scrape (plural present)
scrapeden (past plural)
scrapede (past plural)
scrapeth (imperative plural present)
scrape (imperative plural present)
scrapynge (participle present)
scrapende (participle present)
scraped (participle past)
yscraped (participle past)
scrape (alternative)
skrapen (alternative)

English: scrape

Yola: scraaped (preterite)

From Old English scrapian, from Proto-West Germanic *skrapōn, from Proto-Germanic *skrapōną.


wosen

wosen (infinitive)
to wosen (infinitive)
wose (infinitive)
wose (first-person present singular)
wosed (first-person past singular)
wosest (present second-person singular)
wosedest (past second-person singular)
woseth (present singular third-person)
wosed (past singular third-person)
wose (present singular subjunctive)
wosed (past singular subjunctive)
wose (imperative present singular)
wosen (plural present)
wose (plural present)
woseden (past plural)
wosede (past plural)
woseth (imperative plural present)
wose (imperative plural present)
wosynge (participle present)
wosende (participle present)
wosed (participle past)
ywosed (participle past)
wose (alternative)
wosi (alternative)
ose (alternative)

English: ooze

Yola: owze


revelynge

reveling (alternative)
revelyng (alternative)
rewelynge (alternative)

present participle of revelen (“to revel”)


revelynge

reveling (alternative)
revelyng (alternative)

present participle of revelen (“to reveal”)


fræine

(Early Middle English) alternative form of fraynen


afraynen

afraynen (third-person singular simple present afrayneth, present participle afraynende, afraynynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle afrayned)

afrayneth (present singular third-person)
afraynende (participle present)
afraynynge (participle present)
afrayned (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
afraynen (infinitive)
to afraynen (infinitive)
afrayne (infinitive)
afrayne (first-person present singular)
afrayned (first-person past singular)
afraynest (present second-person singular)
afraynedest (past second-person singular)
afrayneth (present singular third-person)
afrayned (past singular third-person)
afrayne (present singular subjunctive)
afrayned (past singular subjunctive)
afrayne (imperative present singular)
afraynen (plural present)
afrayne (plural present)
afrayneden (past plural)
afraynede (past plural)
afrayneth (imperative plural present)
afrayne (imperative plural present)
afraynynge (participle present)
afraynende (participle present)
afrayned (participle past)
affrayn (alternative)
affreyne (alternative)
affrayne (alternative)
afrainen (alternative)
afreyne (alternative)
afreynen (alternative)

From a- + fraynen; the second element is a modification of Old English friġnan (“to inquire, ask”) after Old English fræġn (“question”).


bloken

bloken (third-person singular simple present bloketh, present participle blokende, blokynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle bloked)

bloketh (present singular third-person)
blokende (participle present)
blokynge (participle present)
bloked (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
bloken (infinitive)
to bloken (infinitive)
bloke (infinitive)
bloke (first-person present singular)
bloked (first-person past singular)
blokest (present second-person singular)
blokedest (past second-person singular)
bloketh (present singular third-person)
bloked (past singular third-person)
bloke (present singular subjunctive)
bloked (past singular subjunctive)
bloke (imperative present singular)
bloken (plural present)
bloke (plural present)
blokeden (past plural)
blokede (past plural)
bloketh (imperative plural present)
bloke (imperative plural present)
blokynge (participle present)
blokende (participle present)
bloked (participle past)
blake (alternative)
blaken (alternative)
blakien (alternative Early-Middle-English)
blokie (alternative Early-Middle-English)

Yola: blauke, blauyke, blaake

Inherited from Old English blācian (“to become pale”); equivalent to blok (“pale”) + -en (infinitival suffix).


blakien

(Early Middle English) alternative form of bloken


ceorfæn

(Early Middle English) alternative form of kerven


frumplyd

English: frumpled

Yola: frampled

Borrowed from Middle Dutch ver-rompelt, compare rumpled.

ffrumpylyd (alternative)
fromplyd (alternative)

first/third-person singular past indicative

inflection of frumplen:
singular past subjunctive

inflection of frumplen:
plural past indicative/subjunctive


rispen

rispen (infinitive)
to rispen (infinitive)
rispe (infinitive)
rispe (first-person present singular)
risped (first-person past singular)
rispest (present second-person singular)
rispedest (past second-person singular)
rispeth (present singular third-person)
risped (past singular third-person)
rispe (present singular subjunctive)
risped (past singular subjunctive)
rispe (imperative present singular)
rispen (plural present)
rispe (plural present)
rispeden (past plural)
rispede (past plural)
rispeth (imperative plural present)
rispe (imperative plural present)
rispynge (participle present)
rispende (participle present)
risped (participle past)
yrisped (participle past)

English: risp

Yola: reeshp, rieshp, rishp

From Old Norse rispa, from Proto-Germanic *ripsōną.

(Late Middle English, hapax legomenon) To rub together


ærien

(Early Middle English) alternative form of eren (“to plough”)


nombrynge

nombryng (alternative)
noumbring (alternative)
noumbringe (alternative)
noumbryng (alternative)
noumbrynge (alternative)
nowmbryng (alternative)
numberynge (alternative)
nowmerynge (alternative)


housynge

From either hous (“house”) or housen (“to shelter, house”) + -ing.

housing (alternative)
housinge (alternative)
housyng (alternative)
howsynge (alternative)


bivien

From Old English bifian, beofian (“to tremble, be moved, shake, quake”), from Proto-West Germanic *bibēn, from Proto-Germanic *bibāną (“to quake, shiver”).

inh

beovien (alternative)
buvien (alternative)
befien (alternative Early-Middle-English)
byfien (alternative Early-Middle-English)

(intransitive) To shake, quake, or tremble; tremble with fear or anger.


dechen

enm-verb

dechen (third-person singular simple present decheth, present participle dechende, dechynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle deched)

decheth (present singular third-person)
dechende (participle present)
dechynge (participle present)
deched (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
dechen (infinitive)
to dechen (infinitive)
deche (infinitive)
deche (first-person present singular)
deched (first-person past singular)
dechest (present second-person singular)
dechedest (past second-person singular)
decheth (present singular third-person)
deched (past singular third-person)
deche (present singular subjunctive)
deched (past singular subjunctive)
deche (imperative present singular)
dechen (plural present)
deche (plural present)
decheden (past plural)
dechede (past plural)
decheth (imperative plural present)
deche (imperative plural present)
dechynge (participle present)
dechende (participle present)
deched (participle past)
ydeched (participle past)
deche (alternative)

English: deech, ditch

From Old English dēċan, *dœ̄ċan, from Proto-West Germanic *dōkijan.

(rare) To daub or smear (cloth or plumbing)


fryen

fryen (third-person singular simple present fryeth, present participle fryinge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle fryedaccel-form=1//3|s|past|ind)

fryeth (present singular third-person)
fryinge (participle present)
fryen (infinitive)
to fryen (infinitive)
frye (infinitive)
frye (first-person present singular)
fryed (first-person past singular)
fryest (present second-person singular)
fryedest (past second-person singular)
fryeth (present singular third-person)
fryed (past singular third-person)
frye (present singular subjunctive)
fryed (past singular subjunctive)
frye (imperative present singular)
fryen (plural present)
frye (plural present)
fryeden (past plural)
fryede (past plural)
fryeth (imperative plural present)
frye (imperative plural present)
fryynge (participle present)
fryende (participle present)
fryed (participle past)
yfryed (participle past)
frien (alternative)
frye (alternative)
fryyn (alternative)

English: fry

Scots: fry

→ Irish: frioch, priáil

→ Cornish: fria

→ Welsh: ffrio

Borrowed from Old French frire, from Latin frīgō, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer(H)-g-; compare fryture (“fritter”).


comelen

comelen (third-person singular simple present comeleth, present participle comelende, comelynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle comeled)

comeleth (present singular third-person)
comelende (participle present)
comelynge (participle present)
comeled (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
comelen (infinitive)
to comelen (infinitive)
comele (infinitive)
comele (first-person present singular)
comeled (first-person past singular)
comelest (present second-person singular)
comeledest (past second-person singular)
comeleth (present singular third-person)
comeled (past singular third-person)
comele (present singular subjunctive)
comeled (past singular subjunctive)
comele (imperative present singular)
comelen (plural present)
comele (plural present)
comeleden (past plural)
comelede (past plural)
comeleth (imperative plural present)
comele (imperative plural present)
comelynge (participle present)
comelende (participle present)
comeled (participle past)
ycomeled (participle past)
comblen (alternative)

⇒ English: cumbled (dialectal)

⇒ Yola: kimmelt

Borrowed from Old Northern French *comler (Central Old French combler), from Latin cumulō (“to amass”).


warysshen

warysshen (infinitive)
to warysshen (infinitive)
warysshe (infinitive)
warysshe (first-person present singular)
warysshed (first-person past singular)
warysshte (first-person past singular)
warysshest (present second-person singular)
warysshedest (past second-person singular)
warysshtest (past second-person singular)
waryssheth (present singular third-person)
warysshed (past singular third-person)
warysshte (past singular third-person)
warysshe (present singular subjunctive)
warysshed (past singular subjunctive)
warysshte (past singular subjunctive)
warysshe (imperative present singular)
warysshen (plural present)
warysshe (plural present)
waryssheden (past plural)
warysshede (past plural)
warysshten (past plural)
warysshte (past plural)
waryssheth (imperative plural present)
warysshe (imperative plural present)
warysshynge (participle present)
warysshende (participle present)
warysshed (participle past)
waryssht (participle past)
ywarysshed (participle past)
ywaryssht (participle past)
waresche (alternative)
wariche (alternative)
warisch (alternative)
warisschen (alternative)
warisse (alternative)
warisshe (alternative)
warsche (alternative)
warschen (alternative)
warschyn (alternative)
warysche (alternative)

English: warish (obsolete)

Borrowed from Old Northern French wariss-, extended stem of warir (central Old French garir, guarir), from Frankish *warjan, from Proto-Germanic *warjaną. Doublet of weren (“to protect”); also compare warisoun.

To recover or recuperate; to regain one's health.

Thanne were myn herte / Al warisshed of his bittre peynes smerte.

1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Frankeleyns Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC:

To cure; to cause recovery or improvement.

To soothe; to provide relief or succour.

(rare) To strengthen; to make strong or powerful.


eschewen

enm-verb

eschewen (third-person singular simple present escheweth, present participle eschewende, eschewynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle eschewed)

escheweth (present singular third-person)
eschewende (participle present)
eschewynge (participle present)
eschewed (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
eschewen (infinitive)
to eschewen (infinitive)
eschewe (infinitive)
eschewe (first-person present singular)
eschewed (first-person past singular)
eschewest (present second-person singular)
eschewedest (past second-person singular)
escheweth (present singular third-person)
eschewed (past singular third-person)
eschewe (present singular subjunctive)
eschewed (past singular subjunctive)
eschewe (imperative present singular)
eschewen (plural present)
eschewe (plural present)
escheweden (past plural)
eschewede (past plural)
escheweth (imperative plural present)
eschewe (imperative plural present)
eschewynge (participle present)
eschewende (participle present)
eschewed (participle past)
yeschewed (participle past)
echue (alternative)
eþchewe (alternative)
escheewe (alternative)
escheu (alternative)
eschew (alternative)
eschewe (alternative)
eschu (alternative)
eschue (alternative)
eschuen (alternative)
eschuie (alternative)
eschuwe (alternative)
eschywe (alternative)
esshew (alternative)
exchewe (alternative)

English: eschew

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman eschiver, from Frankish *skiuhijan; a doublet of skewen (“to run diagonally”). Compare enchewen and, more distantly, schey.

To avoid or eschew (a behaviour, person, place, or situation)

To escape or avoid attack, peril or harm.

(rare) To attempt to escape peril or harm.

(rare) To recommend or encourage a situation.


enchewen

enchewen (third-person singular simple present encheweth, present participle enchewende, enchewynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle enchewed)

encheweth (present singular third-person)
enchewende (participle present)
enchewynge (participle present)
enchewed (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
enchewen (infinitive)
to enchewen (infinitive)
enchewe (infinitive)
enchewe (first-person present singular)
enchewed (first-person past singular)
enchewest (present second-person singular)
enchewedest (past second-person singular)
encheweth (present singular third-person)
enchewed (past singular third-person)
enchewe (present singular subjunctive)
enchewed (past singular subjunctive)
enchewe (imperative present singular)
enchewen (plural present)
enchewe (plural present)
encheweden (past plural)
enchewede (past plural)
encheweth (imperative plural present)
enchewe (imperative plural present)
enchewynge (participle present)
enchewende (participle present)
enchewed (participle past)
yenchewed (participle past)
enchewe (alternative)
enchewyn (alternative)
enchiwe (alternative)
enchu (alternative)

An alteration of eschewen after the prefix en-.

(rare) To avoid or eschew (a behaviour, person, place, or situation)


chirmen

chirmen (third-person singular simple present chirmeth, present participle chirmende, chirmynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle chirmed)

chirmeth (present singular third-person)
chirmende (participle present)
chirmynge (participle present)
chirmed (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
chirmen (infinitive)
to chirmen (infinitive)
chirme (infinitive)
chirme (first-person present singular)
chirmed (first-person past singular)
chirmest (present second-person singular)
chirmedest (past second-person singular)
chirmeth (present singular third-person)
chirmed (past singular third-person)
chirme (present singular subjunctive)
chirmed (past singular subjunctive)
chirme (imperative present singular)
chirmen (plural present)
chirme (plural present)
chirmeden (past plural)
chirmede (past plural)
chirmeth (imperative plural present)
chirme (imperative plural present)
chirmynge (participle present)
chirmende (participle present)
chirmed (participle past)
ychirmed (participle past)

English: chirm

Scots: chirm, churm

Inherited from Old English ċirman, from Proto-West Germanic *karmijan; equivalent to chirm + -en (infinitival suffix).

(rare) To chirp or twitter; to make bird noise.


cellyn

(Late Middle English) alternative form of sellen


seollen

(Early Middle English) alternative form of sellen


sullan

(Early Middle English, South West Midlands) alternative form of sellen


hoxen

hoxen (third-person singular simple present hoxeth, present participle hoxende, hoxynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle hoxed)

hoxeth (present singular third-person)
hoxende (participle present)
hoxynge (participle present)
hoxed (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
hoxen (infinitive)
to hoxen (infinitive)
hoxe (infinitive)
hoxe (first-person present singular)
hoxed (first-person past singular)
hoxest (present second-person singular)
hoxedest (past second-person singular)
hoxeth (present singular third-person)
hoxed (past singular third-person)
hoxe (present singular subjunctive)
hoxed (past singular subjunctive)
hoxe (imperative present singular)
hoxen (plural present)
hoxe (plural present)
hoxeden (past plural)
hoxede (past plural)
hoxeth (imperative plural present)
hoxe (imperative plural present)
hoxynge (participle present)
hoxende (participle present)
hoxed (participle past)
yhoxed (participle past)
hoxe (alternative)
hoxenen (alternative)

English: hox (obsolete)

From earlier hoxenen, from the noun *hoxene (only attested as hokschyne, with alteration after schyne), from Old English hōhsinu, from hōh (“heel”) + sinu (“sinew”) (compare hough, synwe).

(rare) To hamstring; to cut the hamstring of an animal.


fithelen

fithelen (third-person singular simple present fitheleth, present participle fithelende, fithelynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle fitheled)

fitheleth (present singular third-person)
fithelende (participle present)
fithelynge (participle present)
fitheled (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
fithelen (infinitive)
to fithelen (infinitive)
fithele (infinitive)
fithele (first-person present singular)
fitheled (first-person past singular)
fithelest (present second-person singular)
fitheledest (past second-person singular)
fitheleth (present singular third-person)
fitheled (past singular third-person)
fithele (present singular subjunctive)
fitheled (past singular subjunctive)
fithele (imperative present singular)
fithelen (plural present)
fithele (plural present)
fitheleden (past plural)
fithelede (past plural)
fitheleth (imperative plural present)
fithele (imperative plural present)
fithelynge (participle present)
fithelende (participle present)
fitheled (participle past)
yfitheled (participle past)
fethelen (alternative)
fithel (alternative)
fiþele (alternative)
fiþelen (alternative)
fiþelyn (alternative)
fydelin (alternative)
fythelen (alternative)
fythelyn (alternative)
vydele (alternative)

English: fiddle

From fithele (“viol”) + -en (infinitival suffix).


ricchen

enm-verb

ricchen (third-person singular simple present riccheth, present participle ricchende, ricchynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle ricched)

riccheth (present singular third-person)
ricchende (participle present)
ricchynge (participle present)
ricched (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
ricchen (infinitive)
to ricchen (infinitive)
ricche (infinitive)
ricche (first-person present singular)
ricched (first-person past singular)
ricchest (present second-person singular)
ricchedest (past second-person singular)
riccheth (present singular third-person)
ricched (past singular third-person)
ricche (present singular subjunctive)
ricched (past singular subjunctive)
ricche (imperative present singular)
ricchen (plural present)
ricche (plural present)
riccheden (past plural)
ricchede (past plural)
riccheth (imperative plural present)
ricche (imperative plural present)
ricchynge (participle present)
ricchende (participle present)
ricched (participle past)
yricched (participle past)
riche (alternative)
ruchchen (alternative)
ruchen (alternative)
rycchen (alternative)
rychen (alternative)

Apparently inherited from Old English *ryċċan, from Proto-West Germanic *rukkijan, from Proto-Germanic *rukkijaną. Compare rokken.

(reflexive) To ready oneself (especially by clothing oneself)

(rare) To (especially emotionally) fix or restore.


tedden

tedden (third-person singular simple present teddeth, present participle teddende, teddynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle tedded)

teddeth (present singular third-person)
teddende (participle present)
teddynge (participle present)
tedded (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
tedden (infinitive)
to tedden (infinitive)
tedde (infinitive)
tedde (first-person present singular)
tedded (first-person past singular)
teddest (present second-person singular)
teddedest (past second-person singular)
teddeth (present singular third-person)
tedded (past singular third-person)
tedde (present singular subjunctive)
tedded (past singular subjunctive)
tedde (imperative present singular)
tedden (plural present)
tedde (plural present)
teddeden (past plural)
teddede (past plural)
teddeth (imperative plural present)
tedde (imperative plural present)
teddynge (participle present)
teddende (participle present)
tedded (participle past)
ytedded (participle past)
tedde (alternative)

English: ted

Scots: ted

Apparently inherited from Old English *teddan, from Proto-West Germanic *taddjan, from Proto-Germanic *tadjaną.


wrenchen

wrenchen (third-person singular simple present wrencheth, present participle wrenchende, wrenchynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle wrenched)

wrencheth (present singular third-person)
wrenchende (participle present)
wrenchynge (participle present)
wrenched (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
wrenchen (infinitive)
to wrenchen (infinitive)
wrenche (infinitive)
wrenche (first-person present singular)
wreynte (first-person past singular)
wrenched (first-person past singular)
wrenchest (present second-person singular)
wreyntest (past second-person singular)
wrenchedest (past second-person singular)
wrencheth (present singular third-person)
wreynte (past singular third-person)
wrenched (past singular third-person)
wrenche (present singular subjunctive)
wreynte (past singular subjunctive)
wrenched (past singular subjunctive)
wrenche (imperative present singular)
wrenchen (plural present)
wrenche (plural present)
wreynten (past plural)
wreynte (past plural)
wrencheden (past plural)
wrenchede (past plural)
wrencheth (imperative plural present)
wrenche (imperative plural present)
wrenchynge (participle present)
wrenchende (participle present)
wreynt (participle past)
wrenched (participle past)
ywreynt (participle past)
ywrenched (participle past)
wrenche (alternative)
wrynche (alternative)
wrenk (alternative Northern)
wrenke (alternative Northern)

English: wrench

Middle Scots: wrenk, wrink

>? Scots: renk

Inherited from Old English wrenċan, from Proto-West Germanic *wrankijan, from Proto-Germanic *wrankijaną; equivalent to wrench (“trick”) + -en (infinitival suffix).

af

To contort or twist; to move out of shape.

To wrench away; to forcefully take or push.

(rare) To stray; to deviate or cause to deviate.

(figuratively, rare) To deflect or shed; to rid oneself of.

(figuratively, rare) To distort or contort; to make unrecognisable.

(figuratively, rare) To plot or plan; to devise a strategy.


chauncen

enm-verb

chauncen (third-person singular simple present chaunceth, present participle chauncende, chauncynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle chaunced)

chaunceth (present singular third-person)
chauncende (participle present)
chauncynge (participle present)
chaunced (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
chauncen (infinitive)
to chauncen (infinitive)
chaunce (infinitive)
chaunce (first-person present singular)
chaunced (first-person past singular)
chauncest (present second-person singular)
chauncedest (past second-person singular)
chaunceth (present singular third-person)
chaunced (past singular third-person)
chaunce (present singular subjunctive)
chaunced (past singular subjunctive)
chaunce (imperative present singular)
chauncen (plural present)
chaunce (plural present)
chaunceden (past plural)
chauncede (past plural)
chaunceth (imperative plural present)
chaunce (imperative plural present)
chauncynge (participle present)
chauncende (participle present)
chaunced (participle past)
chaunse (alternative)

English: chance

From chaunce (“event”) + -en (infinitival suffix).


byete

(Kent) alternative form of beten (“to beat”)


betenn

(Ormulum) alternative form of beten (“to fix”)


folewen

alternative form of fullen (“to baptise”)


fulhen

(Early Middle English) alternative form of fullen (“to baptise”)


fulvullen

(Southern) alternative form of fulfillen


synnen

enm-verb

synnen (third-person singular simple present synneth, present participle synnende, synnynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle synned)

synneth (present singular third-person)
synnende (participle present)
synnynge (participle present)
synned (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
synnen (infinitive)
to synnen (infinitive)
synne (infinitive)
synne (first-person present singular)
synned (first-person past singular)
synnest (present second-person singular)
synnedest (past second-person singular)
synneth (present singular third-person)
synned (past singular third-person)
synne (present singular subjunctive)
synned (past singular subjunctive)
synne (imperative present singular)
synnen (plural present)
synne (plural present)
synneden (past plural)
synnede (past plural)
synneth (imperative plural present)
synne (imperative plural present)
synnynge (participle present)
synnende (participle present)
synned (participle past)
ysynned (participle past)
senegen (alternative)
singen (alternative)
singy (alternative)
sunge (alternative)
sungy (alternative)
sunne (alternative)
syn (alternative)
synege (alternative)
synegen (alternative)
synewe (alternative)
synewi (alternative)
syngen (alternative)
synne (alternative)
synny (alternative)
seneȝin (alternative Early-Middle-English)
sunege (alternative Early-Middle-English)
sunegen (alternative Early-Middle-English)
suneghie (alternative Early-Middle-English)
sunegi (alternative Early-Middle-English)
sunegin (alternative Early-Middle-English)
sunegun (alternative Early-Middle-English)
sunegy (alternative Early-Middle-English)
suneȝan (alternative Early-Middle-English)
suneȝien (alternative Early-Middle-English)
sunehe (alternative Early-Middle-English)
synȝien (alternative Early-Middle-English)
sinnȝhenn (alternative Ormulum)
zeneȝi (alternative Kent)
cynnyn (alternative Late-Middle-English)

English: sin

Scots: sin

From Old English syngian; by the late ME period, usually remodelled on synne + -en (infinitival suffix).

To sin; to commit sins, especially of a sexual nature.


seneȝin

(Early Middle English) alternative form of synnen


cynnyn

(Late Middle English) alternative form of synnen


frouncen

frouncen (third-person singular simple present frounceth, present participle frouncende, frouncynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle frounced)

frounceth (present singular third-person)
frouncende (participle present)
frouncynge (participle present)
frounced (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
frouncen (infinitive)
to frouncen (infinitive)
frounce (infinitive)
frounce (first-person present singular)
frounced (first-person past singular)
frouncest (present second-person singular)
frouncedest (past second-person singular)
frounceth (present singular third-person)
frounced (past singular third-person)
frounce (present singular subjunctive)
frounced (past singular subjunctive)
frounce (imperative present singular)
frouncen (plural present)
frounce (plural present)
frounceden (past plural)
frouncede (past plural)
frounceth (imperative plural present)
frounce (imperative plural present)
frouncynge (participle present)
frouncende (participle present)
frounced (participle past)
yfrounced (participle past)

English: frounce

Borrowed from Middle French froncer, froncir, from Old French froncir, from fronce; by surface analysis, frounce + -en (infinitival suffix).


temsen

enm-verb

temsen (third-person singular simple present temseth, present participle temsende, temsynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle temsed)

temseth (present singular third-person)
temsende (participle present)
temsynge (participle present)
temsed (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
temsen (infinitive)
to temsen (infinitive)
temse (infinitive)
temse (first-person present singular)
temsed (first-person past singular)
temsest (present second-person singular)
temsedest (past second-person singular)
temseth (present singular third-person)
temsed (past singular third-person)
temse (present singular subjunctive)
temsed (past singular subjunctive)
temse (imperative present singular)
temsen (plural present)
temse (plural present)
temseden (past plural)
temsede (past plural)
temseth (imperative plural present)
temse (imperative plural present)
temsynge (participle present)
temsende (participle present)
temsed (participle past)
ytemsed (participle past)
temce (alternative)
tempse (alternative)
temse (alternative)
temsyn (alternative)
temzyn (alternative)

English: temse, tems, tempse

Scots: teemse, timse

From Old English temesian, temsian, from Proto-West Germanic *tamisōn; by surface analysis, temse (“sieve”) + -en (infinitival suffix).

surface analysis

To sift, strain, or percolate; to pass through a riddle.


flæmen

(Early Middle English) alternative form of flemen


skewen

enm-verb

skewen (third-person singular simple present skeweth, present participle skewende, skewynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle skewed)

skeweth (present singular third-person)
skewende (participle present)
skewynge (participle present)
skewed (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
skewen (infinitive)
to skewen (infinitive)
skewe (infinitive)
skewe (first-person present singular)
skewed (first-person past singular)
skewest (present second-person singular)
skewedest (past second-person singular)
skeweth (present singular third-person)
skewed (past singular third-person)
skewe (present singular subjunctive)
skewed (past singular subjunctive)
skewe (imperative present singular)
skewen (plural present)
skewe (plural present)
skeweden (past plural)
skewede (past plural)
skeweth (imperative plural present)
skewe (imperative plural present)
skewynge (participle present)
skewende (participle present)
skewed (participle past)
yskewed (participle past)
skewe (alternative)

English: skew

Scots: skew, skyow

Borrowed from Old Northern French escuer, from Frankish *skiuhijan; a doublet of eschewen.


skewen

skeweth (present singular third-person)
skewende (participle present)
skewynge (participle present)
skewed (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
skewen (infinitive)
to skewen (infinitive)
skewe (infinitive)
skewe (first-person present singular)
skewed (first-person past singular)
skewest (present second-person singular)
skewedest (past second-person singular)
skeweth (present singular third-person)
skewed (past singular third-person)
skewe (present singular subjunctive)
skewed (past singular subjunctive)
skewe (imperative present singular)
skewen (plural present)
skewe (plural present)
skeweden (past plural)
skewede (past plural)
skeweth (imperative plural present)
skewe (imperative plural present)
skewynge (participle present)
skewende (participle present)
skewed (participle past)
yskewed (participle past)

From skew (“sky”) + -en (infinitival suffix).

(hapax legomenon, of a waterbody) To darken due to cloud cover.


uniten

enm-verb

uniten (third-person singular simple present uniteth, present participle unitende, unitynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle united)

uniteth (present singular third-person)
unitende (participle present)
unitynge (participle present)
united (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
uniten (infinitive)
to uniten (infinitive)
unite (infinitive)
unite (first-person present singular)
united (first-person past singular)
unitest (present second-person singular)
unitedest (past second-person singular)
uniteth (present singular third-person)
united (past singular third-person)
unite (present singular subjunctive)
united (past singular subjunctive)
unite (imperative present singular)
uniten (plural present)
unite (plural present)
uniteden (past plural)
unitede (past plural)
uniteth (imperative plural present)
unite (imperative plural present)
unitynge (participle present)
unitende (participle present)
united (participle past)
yunited (participle past)

English: unite

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *éy?
Proto-Indo-European *h₁óynos
Proto-Italic *oinos
Old Latin oinos
Latin ūnus
Proto-Indo-European *-yéti
Latin -iō
Latin ūniō
Proto-Indo-European *-tós
Proto-Italic *-tos
Latin -tus
Latin ūnītuslbor.
Middle English uniten
Learned borrowing from Latin ūnītus, perfect passive participle of ūniō.


liþen

liþen (infinitive)
to liþen (infinitive)
liþe (infinitive)
liþe (first-person present singular)
liþ (first-person past singular)
liþest (present second-person singular)
laþe (past second-person singular)
liþ (past second-person singular)
liþeth (present singular third-person)
liþ (past singular third-person)
liþe (present singular subjunctive)
laþe (past singular subjunctive)
liþe (imperative present singular)
liþen (plural present)
liþe (plural present)
laþen (past plural)
laþe (past plural)
liþeth (imperative plural present)
liþe (imperative plural present)
liþynge (participle present)
liþende (participle present)
liþen (participle past)
liþe (participle past)
yliþen (participle past)
yliþe (participle past)
liþen (infinitive)
to liþen (infinitive)
liþe (infinitive)
liþe (first-person present singular)
liþed (first-person past singular)
liþest (present second-person singular)
liþedest (past second-person singular)
liþeth (present singular third-person)
liþed (past singular third-person)
liþe (present singular subjunctive)
liþed (past singular subjunctive)
liþe (imperative present singular)
liþen (plural present)
liþe (plural present)
liþeden (past plural)
liþede (past plural)
liþeth (imperative plural present)
liþe (imperative plural present)
liþynge (participle present)
liþende (participle present)
liþed (participle past)
yliþed (participle past)
liðen (alternative)
liððen (alternative)

From Old English līþan (“to go, travel, sail, be bereft of”), from Proto-West Germanic *līþan, from Proto-Germanic *līþaną (“to go, leave, suffer”), from Proto-Indo-European *leyt- (“to go, depart, die”).
Cognate with North Frisian lyen, lije (“to suffer”), Dutch lijden (“to suffer, dree, abide”), German leiden (“to suffer, brook, permit”). See also lode, lead.

cog

(intransitive, Early Middle English, of a ship) to sail, travel by sea

(intransitive, Early Middle English) to journey, travel, depart

(intransitive, Early Middle English) to go, come, walk

(intransitive, Early Middle English, of projectiles) to fly

(intransitive, Early Middle English, of love) to come about, develop, exist


scolden

scolden (infinitive)
to scolden (infinitive)
scolde (infinitive)
scolde (first-person present singular)
scolded (first-person past singular)
scoldest (present second-person singular)
scoldedest (past second-person singular)
scoldeth (present singular third-person)
scolded (past singular third-person)
scolde (present singular subjunctive)
scolded (past singular subjunctive)
scolde (imperative present singular)
scolden (plural present)
scolde (plural present)
scoldeden (past plural)
scoldede (past plural)
scoldeth (imperative plural present)
scolde (imperative plural present)
scoldynge (participle present)
scoldende (participle present)
scolded (participle past)
yscolded (participle past)

English: scold


schoderen

schoderen (infinitive)
to schoderen (infinitive)
schodere (infinitive)
schodere (first-person present singular)
schodered (first-person past singular)
schoderest (present second-person singular)
schoderedest (past second-person singular)
schodereth (present singular third-person)
schodered (past singular third-person)
schodere (present singular subjunctive)
schodered (past singular subjunctive)
schodere (imperative present singular)
schoderen (plural present)
schodere (plural present)
schodereden (past plural)
schoderede (past plural)
schodereth (imperative plural present)
schodere (imperative plural present)
schoderynge (participle present)
schoderende (participle present)
schodered (participle past)
yschodered (participle past)
schuderin (alternative)

English: shudder

Yola: shudled (preterite)

Borrowed from Middle Dutch schudderen or Middle Low German schodderen.


seduct

From Latin sēduct-, past-participle stem of sēdūcō.

[…] the false & euyl man eneas, that tratoursly hath mocked me, & fraudulently seducted / […]

1490, “How Eneas encyted the patrons & maysters of his shippes for to depart. Capitulum xxvijᵒ.”, in William Caxton, transl., edited by M[athew] T[ewart] Culley and F[rederick] J[ames] Furnivall, Caxton’s Eneydos, 1490, Englisht from the French Liure des Eneydes, 1483, London: Published for the Early English Text Society by N. Trübner & Co., […] , published 1890, page 97, lines 12–14:


issuen

enm-verb

issuen (third-person singular simple present issueth, present participle issuende, issuynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle issued)

issueth (present singular third-person)
issuende (participle present)
issuynge (participle present)
issued (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
issuen (infinitive)
to issuen (infinitive)
issue (infinitive)
issue (first-person present singular)
issued (first-person past singular)
issuest (present second-person singular)
issuedest (past second-person singular)
issueth (present singular third-person)
issued (past singular third-person)
issue (present singular subjunctive)
issued (past singular subjunctive)
issue (imperative present singular)
issuen (plural present)
issue (plural present)
issueden (past plural)
issuede (past plural)
issueth (imperative plural present)
issue (imperative plural present)
issuynge (participle present)
issuende (participle present)
issued (participle past)
yissued (participle past)
essu (alternative)
isshewe (alternative)
issue (alternative)
isswe (alternative)
isswen (alternative)
yssew (alternative)
ysswe (alternative)

English: issue

From issue (“exit, result”) + -en (infinitival suffix). Compare issen.


underyeten

enm-verb

underyeten (third-person singular simple present underyeteth, present participle underyetende, first-/third-person singular past indicative underyat, past participle underyeten)

underyeteth (present singular third-person)
underyetende (participle present)
underyat (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
underyeten (participle past)
underȝeten (alternative)
underȝiten (alternative)
underȝeiten (alternative)
undergyten (alternative)
underȝytæn (alternative)
onderȝiten (alternative)
undirgeten (alternative)

From Old English underġitan, underġytan (“to understand, perceive, know”), equivalent to under- + yeten.

to learn about, find out, discover; realise, perceive, recognise

to observe, take note of, watch closely, study, notice


brayen

brayen (third-person singular simple present brayeth, present participle brayinge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle brayed)

brayeth (present singular third-person)
brayinge (participle present)
brayed (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
brayen (infinitive)
to brayen (infinitive)
braye (infinitive)
braye (first-person present singular)
brayed (first-person past singular)
brayest (present second-person singular)
brayedest (past second-person singular)
brayeth (present singular third-person)
brayed (past singular third-person)
braye (present singular subjunctive)
brayed (past singular subjunctive)
braye (imperative present singular)
brayen (plural present)
braye (plural present)
brayeden (past plural)
brayede (past plural)
brayeth (imperative plural present)
braye (imperative plural present)
brayynge (participle present)
brayende (participle present)
brayed (participle past)
ybrayed (participle past)
brai (alternative)
bray (alternative)
braye (alternative)

English: bray

Middle Scots: bray

Borrowed from Old French braire (“to cry”), from Vulgar Latin *bragiāre, from Gaulish, from Proto-Celtic *bragyeti (“to fart”).


brayen

brayeth (present singular third-person)
brayinge (participle present)
brayed (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
brayen (infinitive)
to brayen (infinitive)
braye (infinitive)
braye (first-person present singular)
brayed (first-person past singular)
brayest (present second-person singular)
brayedest (past second-person singular)
brayeth (present singular third-person)
brayed (past singular third-person)
braye (present singular subjunctive)
brayed (past singular subjunctive)
braye (imperative present singular)
brayen (plural present)
braye (plural present)
brayeden (past plural)
brayede (past plural)
brayeth (imperative plural present)
braye (imperative plural present)
brayynge (participle present)
brayende (participle present)
brayed (participle past)
ybrayed (participle past)

English: bray

Scots: brie

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman breier, possibly from Frankish *brekan, from Proto-Germanic *brekaną; thus a doublet of breken.


abuggen

þe boye hit scholde abugge
Horn þreu him ouer þe brigge.

The boy should pay for it; Horn threw him over the bridge.


trowen

trowenen (infinitive)
to trowenen (infinitive)
trowene (infinitive)
trowene (first-person present singular)
trowened (first-person past singular)
trowenest (present second-person singular)
trowenedest (past second-person singular)
troweneth (present singular third-person)
trowened (past singular third-person)
trowene (present singular subjunctive)
trowened (past singular subjunctive)
trowene (imperative present singular)
trowenen (plural present)
trowene (plural present)
troweneden (past plural)
trowenede (past plural)
troweneth (imperative plural present)
trowene (imperative plural present)
trowenynge (participle present)
trowenende (participle present)
trowened (participle past)
ytrowened (participle past)
treuwen (alternative)
trouwen (alternative)
treowen (alternative)
trouen (alternative)

From Old English trūwian (“to trust, confide”), from Proto-Germanic *trewwāną (“to trust”) and Proto-Germanic *trūwāną (“to trust”); both from Proto-Indo-European *drew- (“faithful, true”).


refreynen

his reson aperceyueth it wel that it is synne / agayns the lawe of god / and yet his reson / refreyneth nat his foul delit or talent.

1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Parsons Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC:


tuggen

English: tug

Scots: tug

⇒ Yola: thugerleen

From Old English togian, from Proto-West Germanic *togōn. Alternatively, from Old Norse toga, from Proto-Germanic *tugōną.


dearen

And of Achilles with his queynte spere, / For he koude with it bothe heele and dere[…].

1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “(please specify the story)”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC:

Thenne herd he a voyse say / Galahad I see there enuyronne aboute the so many angels that my power may not dere the /
"Then heard he a voice say Galahad, I see there environ about thee so many angels that my power may not dere thee"

1485, Sir Thomas Malory, “xij”, in Le Morte Darthur, book XIII:

Than herde he a voyce sey, ‘Sir Galahad, I se there envyrowne aboute the so many angels that my power may nat deare the!’

(please add an English translation of this quotation)


disslaundre

We, that weren in prosperitee,
Be now disslaundred, and in swich degre,
No lenger for to liven I ne kepe

c. 1386–1388 (date written), Geffray Chaucer [i.e., Geoffrey Chaucer], “The Legende of Good Women: (please specify the subtitle)”, in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London: […] Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], published 1542, →OCLC:


tobreken

And in the floor, with nose and mouth tobroke, They walwe as doon two pigges in a poke


wrastlen

English: wrestle

who wrastleth best naked, with oille enoynt

1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Knyghtes Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC:


stynten

enm-verb

stynten (third-person singular simple present stynteth, present participle styntende, styntynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle stynted)

stynteth (present singular third-person)
styntende (participle present)
styntynge (participle present)
stynted (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)

Now wol I stynten of this Arveragus, / And speken I wole of Dorigen his wyf

to stop speaking or talking (of a subject)


yexen

yexen (infinitive)
to yexen (infinitive)
yexe (infinitive)
yexe (first-person present singular)
yexed (first-person past singular)
yexest (present second-person singular)
yexedest (past second-person singular)
yexeth (present singular third-person)
yexed (past singular third-person)
yexe (present singular subjunctive)
yexed (past singular subjunctive)
yexe (imperative present singular)
yexen (plural present)
yexe (plural present)
yexeden (past plural)
yexede (past plural)
yexeth (imperative plural present)
yexe (imperative plural present)
yexynge (participle present)
yexende (participle present)
yexed (participle past)
yyexed (participle past)
yoxen (alternative)
ȝexin (alternative)
ȝesken (alternative)
ȝixin (alternative)
ȝiske (alternative)
ȝoxen (alternative)
ȝosken (alternative)
yiske (alternative)

English: yex

Scots: ȝesk, ȝisk, yesk

Yola: yux

From Old English ġeocsian, ġiscian (“to hiccup”), from Proto-West Germanic *giskōn.

to yawn, gulp, or swallow convulsively; gasp.


pryden

pryden (third-person singular simple present prydeth, present participle prydende, prydynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle pryded)

prydeth (present singular third-person)
prydende (participle present)
prydynge (participle present)
pryded (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
pryden (infinitive)
to pryden (infinitive)
pryde (infinitive)
pryde (first-person present singular)
pryded (first-person past singular)
prydde (first-person past singular)
prydest (present second-person singular)
prydedest (past second-person singular)
pryddest (past second-person singular)
prydeth (present singular third-person)
pryded (past singular third-person)
prydde (past singular third-person)
pryde (present singular subjunctive)
pryded (past singular subjunctive)
prydde (past singular subjunctive)
pryde (imperative present singular)
pryden (plural present)
pryde (plural present)
prydeden (past plural)
prydede (past plural)
prydden (past plural)
prydde (past plural)
prydeth (imperative plural present)
pryde (imperative plural present)
prydynge (participle present)
prydende (participle present)
pryded (participle past)
pryd (participle past)
ypryded (participle past)
ypryd (participle past)
pride (alternative)
priden (alternative)
pryde (alternative)
prydyn (alternative)
pruden (alternative Early-Middle-English)
prede (alternative Kent)

English: pride

From pryde (“pride”) + -en (infinitival suffix).

af

(reflexive) To take pride or glory in oneself.


pruden

(Early Middle English) alternative form of pryden


quappen

enm-verb

quappen (third-person singular simple present quappeth, present participle quappende, quappynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle quapped)

quappeth (present singular third-person)
quappende (participle present)
quappynge (participle present)
quapped (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
quappen (infinitive)
to quappen (infinitive)
quappe (infinitive)
quappe (first-person present singular)
quapped (first-person past singular)
quappest (present second-person singular)
quappedest (past second-person singular)
quappeth (present singular third-person)
quapped (past singular third-person)
quappe (present singular subjunctive)
quapped (past singular subjunctive)
quappe (imperative present singular)
quappen (plural present)
quappe (plural present)
quappeden (past plural)
quappede (past plural)
quappeth (imperative plural present)
quappe (imperative plural present)
quappynge (participle present)
quappende (participle present)
quapped (participle past)
yquapped (participle past)
quappe (alternative)
quappyn (alternative)
qwape (alternative)
qwappe (alternative)

desc

obsolete <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">quap</i>

English: quop (obsolete quap)


missitten

(transitive) To sit badly on; to misbecome.


dirken

The beaute the whiche clothes a derknesse of a forleten and despised elde hadde duskid and dirked, as it is wont to dirken besmokede ymages


forpinen

14th Century, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Complaynt of Phylomene
But I which spend, the darke and dreadful night,
In watch and ward, when those birds take their rest,
Forpine my selfe, that Louers might delight,
To heare the notes, which breake out of my breste.


janglen

Nay (qƿ [quoth] yͤ foxe) but god yeue him miſchãce / That is ſo indiſcrete of gouernance / That iangleth, whã that he ſhuld haue pees

[1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Tale of the Nonnes Preest”, in The Canterbury Tales (in Middle English), [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC, folio xcvii, verso, column 1:

Nay (said the fox) but God gives him misfortune / That is so indiscreet of governance / That jangles when he should hold his peace


filchen

enm-verb

filchen (third-person singular simple present filcheth, present participle filchende, filchynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle filched)

filcheth (present singular third-person)
filchende (participle present)
filchynge (participle present)
filched (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
filchen (infinitive)
to filchen (infinitive)
filche (infinitive)
filche (first-person present singular)
filched (first-person past singular)
filchest (present second-person singular)
filchedest (past second-person singular)
filcheth (present singular third-person)
filched (past singular third-person)
filche (present singular subjunctive)
filched (past singular subjunctive)
filche (imperative present singular)
filchen (plural present)
filche (plural present)
filcheden (past plural)
filchede (past plural)
filcheth (imperative plural present)
filche (imperative plural present)
filchynge (participle present)
filchende (participle present)
filched (participle past)
yfilched (participle past)

English: filch

Scots: filsh

Probably from Old English fylċian (“to gather troops”), presumably with an intermediate sense of "raid, loot, lay waste to".


forgrowen

c. 1470, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Floure and the Leafe, lines 43-46,
And at the last a path of litle breade
I found, that greatly had not used be,
For it forgrowen was with grasse and weede
That well unneth a wight might it se.


leten sliden

But nathelees she moste a tyme abyde,
And with good hope lete her sorrow slyde.


shoten

shoten (infinitive)
to shoten (infinitive)
shote (infinitive)
shote (first-person present singular)
shoted (first-person past singular)
shotest (present second-person singular)
shotedest (past second-person singular)
shoteth (present singular third-person)
shoted (past singular third-person)
shote (present singular subjunctive)
shoted (past singular subjunctive)
shote (imperative present singular)
shoten (plural present)
shote (plural present)
shoteden (past plural)
shotede (past plural)
shoteth (imperative plural present)
shote (imperative plural present)
shotynge (participle present)
shotende (participle present)
shoted (participle past)
yshoted (participle past)
shuten (alternative)
sheten (alternative)

English: shoot, skeet

desc

Scots: schute, schuit, schote, schoot, schete

From Old English sċēotan, from Proto-West Germanic *skeutan, from Proto-Germanic *skeutaną, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kewd-.


pynden

enm-verb

pynden (third-person singular simple present pyndeth, present participle pyndynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative pynde, past participle pynd)

pyndeth (present singular third-person)
pyndynge (participle present)
pynde (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
pynd (participle past)
pynden (infinitive)
to pynden (infinitive)
pynde (infinitive)
pynde (first-person present singular)
pynde (first-person past singular)
pynded (first-person past singular)
pyndest (present second-person singular)
pyndest (past second-person singular)
pyndedest (past second-person singular)
pyndeth (present singular third-person)
pynde (past singular third-person)
pynded (past singular third-person)
pynde (present singular subjunctive)
pynde (past singular subjunctive)
pynded (past singular subjunctive)
pynde (imperative present singular)
pynden (plural present)
pynde (plural present)
pynden (past plural)
pynde (past plural)
pyndeden (past plural)
pyndede (past plural)
pyndeth (imperative plural present)
pynde (imperative plural present)
pyndynge (participle present)
pyndende (participle present)
pynd (participle past)
pynded (participle past)
ypynd (participle past)
ypynded (participle past)
pende (alternative)
peynde (alternative)
poyne (alternative)
puinde (alternative)
pynde (alternative)

English: pind (dialectal)

Middle Scots: poynd, puynd

Scots: pund, puind, poind, pynd, pind

→ English: poind

Inherited from Old English *pyndan (and derived ġepyndan), from Proto-West Germanic *pundijan; compare pound.

To enclose or confine; to set up boundaries:

(of animals) To shut up in a pound; to impound.

(figuratively, rare) To check or restrain oneself.


hirplen

hirplen (infinitive)
to hirplen (infinitive)
hirple (infinitive)
hirple (first-person present singular)
hirpled (first-person past singular)
hirplest (present second-person singular)
hirpledest (past second-person singular)
hirpleth (present singular third-person)
hirpled (past singular third-person)
hirple (present singular subjunctive)
hirpled (past singular subjunctive)
hirple (imperative present singular)
hirplen (plural present)
hirple (plural present)
hirpleden (past plural)
hirplede (past plural)
hirpleth (imperative plural present)
hirple (imperative plural present)
hirplynge (participle present)
hirplende (participle present)
hirpled (participle past)
yhirpled (participle past)
harplen (alternative)

⇒ Yola: harpleat

to walk with difficulty, hobble; to be wrinkled


plicchen

plicchen (third-person singular simple present pliccheth, present participle plicchynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative plyghte, past participle plyght)

pliccheth (present singular third-person)
plicchynge (participle present)
plyghte (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
plyght (participle past)
plicchen (infinitive)
to plicchen (infinitive)
plicche (infinitive)
plicche (first-person present singular)
plyghte (first-person past singular)
plicchest (present second-person singular)
plyghtest (past second-person singular)
pliccheth (present singular third-person)
plyghte (past singular third-person)
plicche (present singular subjunctive)
plyghte (past singular subjunctive)
plicche (imperative present singular)
plicchen (plural present)
plicche (plural present)
plyghten (past plural)
plyghte (past plural)
pliccheth (imperative plural present)
plicche (imperative plural present)
plicchynge (participle present)
plicchende (participle present)
plyght (participle past)
yplyght (participle past)
pluchche (alternative)

From Old English plyċċan, from Proto-West Germanic *plukkijan, from Proto-Germanic *plukkijaną. Compare plukken.


dissipaten

dissipaten (infinitive)
to dissipaten (infinitive)
dissipate (infinitive)
dissipate (first-person present singular)
dissipated (first-person past singular)
dissipatte (first-person past singular)
dissipatest (present second-person singular)
dissipatedest (past second-person singular)
dissipattest (past second-person singular)
dissipateth (present singular third-person)
dissipated (past singular third-person)
dissipatte (past singular third-person)
dissipate (present singular subjunctive)
dissipated (past singular subjunctive)
dissipatte (past singular subjunctive)
dissipate (imperative present singular)
dissipaten (plural present)
dissipate (plural present)
dissipateden (past plural)
dissipatede (past plural)
dissipatten (past plural)
dissipatte (past plural)
dissipateth (imperative plural present)
dissipate (imperative plural present)
dissipatynge (participle present)
dissipatende (participle present)
dissipated (participle past)
dissipat (participle past)

English: dissipate

From Latin dissipātus, past participle of dissipāre.


squirten

squirten (third-person singular simple present squirteth, present participle squirtende, squirtynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle squirted)

squirteth (present singular third-person)
squirtende (participle present)
squirtynge (participle present)
squirted (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
squyrten (alternative)

English: squirt

Of uncertain origin; probably onomatopoeic.


fraisten

head

fraisten (third-person singular simple present fraistes, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle fraisted)

fraistes (present singular third-person)
fraisted (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)

Early 14th c. Anonymous, "Ywain and Gawain", in MS Cotton Galba E ix. Transcribed and reprinted in 1995, Braswell, Mary Flowers (ed.), Sir Perceval of Galles and Ywain and Gawain, Medieval Institute Publications, →ISBN, p. 167, l. 3253–3254.

His friend tried with all his might to raise him quickly up again

His felow fraisted with al his mayn / To raise him smertly up ogayn;

lord, homward will I hast / as fast as that I may; / My [wife] will I frast / what she will say, / And I am agast / that we get som fray / Betwixt vs both

15th c., “Processus Noe cum filiis [Noah and the Ark]”, in Wakefield Mystery Plays; Re-edited in George England, Alfred W. Pollard, editors, The Towneley Plays (Early English Text Society Extra Series; LXXI), London: […] Oxford University Press, 1897, →OCLC, page 28, lines 182–185:

Lord, I will go home as fast as I can; I will ask my wife what she has to say, and I would be shocked if some quarrel wouldn't arise between us.


affraien

Smale foules a great heap / That had afrayed me out of my sleep.

14th century, Geoffrey Chaucer, Parlement of Foules:


brustlien

Right as a ship ayein the streme
He routeth with a ſlepy noiſe
And bruſtleth as a monkes froiſe

c. 1386–1390, John Gower, edited by Reinhold Pauli, Confessio Amantis of John Gower: Edited and Collated with the Best Manuscripts, volume (please specify |volume=I, II, or III), London: Bell and Daldy […], published 1857, →OCLC:


castellen

...Bake metes and dish metes... peynted and castelled with papir...


distempre

This ſynne hath manie ſpeces: […] The fourth is, whan through the greate abundaunce of hys meete, the humours in hys body ben diſtempred.

1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Parsons Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC, folio cxiii, verso, Sequitur de Gula, column 2:

This sin [gluttony] has many species: […] The fourth is, when through the great abundance of his meat, the humours in his body be distempered.


shrenchen

enm-verb

shrenchen (third-person singular simple present shrencheth, present participle shrenchende, shrenchynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle shrenched)

shrencheth (present singular third-person)
shrenchende (participle present)
shrenchynge (participle present)
shrenched (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)

From Old English screncan, causitive of scrincan. This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.


isweven

isweven (infinitive)
to isweven (infinitive)
isweve (infinitive)
isweve (first-person present singular)
isweved (first-person past singular)
iswevest (present second-person singular)
iswevedest (past second-person singular)
isweveth (present singular third-person)
isweved (past singular third-person)
isweve (present singular subjunctive)
isweved (past singular subjunctive)
isweve (imperative present singular)
isweven (plural present)
isweve (plural present)
isweveden (past plural)
iswevede (past plural)
isweveth (imperative plural present)
isweve (imperative plural present)
iswevynge (participle present)
iswevende (participle present)
isweved (participle past)
iswaven (alternative)
ȝeswefen (alternative)

From Old English geswebban, geswefian; equivalent to i- + sweven.


ȝeswefede

first/third-person singular past indicative of ȝeswefen


waiten

waiten (infinitive)
to waiten (infinitive)
waite (infinitive)
waite (first-person present singular)
waited (first-person past singular)
waitest (present second-person singular)
waitedest (past second-person singular)
waiteth (present singular third-person)
waited (past singular third-person)
waite (present singular subjunctive)
waited (past singular subjunctive)
waite (imperative present singular)
waiten (plural present)
waite (plural present)
waiteden (past plural)
waitede (past plural)
waiteth (imperative plural present)
waite (imperative plural present)
waitynge (participle present)
waitende (participle present)
waited (participle past)
ywaited (participle past)
wayten (alternative)

English: wait

Yola: waaite; wiethe, weithe, waithe; ⇒ dwyth, dwithe


lengeren

lengeren (infinitive)
to lengeren (infinitive)
lengere (infinitive)
lengere (first-person present singular)
lengered (first-person past singular)
lengerest (present second-person singular)
lengeredest (past second-person singular)
lengereth (present singular third-person)
lengered (past singular third-person)
lengere (present singular subjunctive)
lengered (past singular subjunctive)
lengere (imperative present singular)
lengeren (plural present)
lengere (plural present)
lengereden (past plural)
lengerede (past plural)
lengereth (imperative plural present)
lengere (imperative plural present)
lengerynge (participle present)
lengerende (participle present)
lengered (participle past)
ylengered (participle past)
lenger (alternative)

English: linger

Yola: lhaungher

From lengere (“extended”). Compare also lē̆nǧen (“to lengthen”).


suffisen

suffisen (third-person singular simple present suffiseth, present participle suffisende, suffisynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle suffised)

suffiseth (present singular third-person)
suffisende (participle present)
suffisynge (participle present)
suffised (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
suffisen (infinitive)
to suffisen (infinitive)
suffise (infinitive)
suffise (first-person present singular)
suffised (first-person past singular)
suffisest (present second-person singular)
suffisedest (past second-person singular)
suffiseth (present singular third-person)
suffised (past singular third-person)
suffise (present singular subjunctive)
suffised (past singular subjunctive)
suffise (imperative present singular)
suffisen (plural present)
suffise (plural present)
suffiseden (past plural)
suffisede (past plural)
suffiseth (imperative plural present)
suffise (imperative plural present)
suffisynge (participle present)
suffisende (participle present)
suffised (participle past)
ysuffised (participle past)
suffise (alternative)
sufficen (alternative)
suffice (alternative)
suffysen (alternative)
suffycen (alternative)
souffise (alternative)
souffice (alternative)
suffichen (alternative)
suffischen (alternative)
suffycyn (alternative)
suffyzyn (alternative)
soffyce (alternative)
sofysyn (alternative)
soffysse (alternative)
suffysse (alternative)

English: suffice

From Middle French souffire and Anglo-Norman suffiser, sufficer, from Old French sofire, from Latin sufficiō (“to supply, be adequate”), from sub (“under”) + faciō (“do, make”).

der

(intransitive) to be adequate for some purpose or need, to suffice, to be enough (+ for, to, unto, or til: for (something) or for (someone’s) needs; + to: to (do something); + of: regarding, on (some subject))

(intransitive with for, theology) to atone for, to redeem the sins of (someone)

(transitive) to be adequate for (someone’s) wants or needs, to satisfy

(transitive) to feed (a person or animal)

For Nature wolde nat ſuffyſe / To non erthly creature / Not longe tyme to endure / Without ſlepe & be yn ſorwe / And I ne may ne nyght ne morwe / Slepe […]

c. 1368, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Book of the Duchess, as recorded c. 1450–1475 in Bodleian Library MS. Bodl. 638, folio 110v

For Nature will not allow / Any earthly creature / To survive for long / Without sleep, and sorrowing; / And yet I cannot, by night or morning, / Sleep, […]

(transitive or intransitive with to) to allow, to permit, to suffer

(transitive or intransitive with to) to be capable of, to be able to (do something)

(intransitive or reflexive) to be content (+ to or unto: with)


snyten

snyten (infinitive)
to snyten (infinitive)
snyte (infinitive)
snyte (first-person present singular)
snyted (first-person past singular)
snytest (present second-person singular)
snytedest (past second-person singular)
snyteth (present singular third-person)
snyted (past singular third-person)
snyte (present singular subjunctive)
snyted (past singular subjunctive)
snyte (imperative present singular)
snyten (plural present)
snyte (plural present)
snyteden (past plural)
snytede (past plural)
snyteth (imperative plural present)
snyte (imperative plural present)
snytynge (participle present)
snytende (participle present)
snyted (participle past)
ysnyted (participle past)
sniten (alternative)

English: snite, snet

Yola: snite

From Old English snȳtan, from Proto-West Germanic *snūtijan, from Proto-Germanic *snūtijaną.


syflen

syflen (infinitive)
to syflen (infinitive)
syfle (infinitive)
syfle (first-person present singular)
syfled (first-person past singular)
syflest (present second-person singular)
syfledest (past second-person singular)
syfleth (present singular third-person)
syfled (past singular third-person)
syfle (present singular subjunctive)
syfled (past singular subjunctive)
syfle (imperative present singular)
syflen (plural present)
syfle (plural present)
syfleden (past plural)
syflede (past plural)
syfleth (imperative plural present)
syfle (imperative plural present)
syflynge (participle present)
syflende (participle present)
syfled (participle past)
ysyfled (participle past)

Yola: thif

(Late Middle English) to blow gently, whistle


unmaken

enm-verb

unmaken (third-person singular simple present unmaketh, present participle unmakende, unmakynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative unmade, past participle unmad)

unmaketh (present singular third-person)
unmakende (participle present)
unmakynge (participle present)
unmade (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
unmad (participle past)
unmaken (infinitive)
to unmaken (infinitive)
unmake (infinitive)
unmake (first-person present singular)
unmade (first-person past singular)
unmakest (present second-person singular)
unmadest (past second-person singular)
unmaketh (present singular third-person)
unmade (past singular third-person)
unmake (present singular subjunctive)
unmade (past singular subjunctive)
unmake (imperative present singular)
unmaken (plural present)
unmake (plural present)
unmaden (past plural)
unmade (past plural)
unmaketh (imperative plural present)
unmake (imperative plural present)
unmakynge (participle present)
unmakende (participle present)
unmad (participle past)

English: unmake

(transitive) to unmake, to destroy, to kill

(transitive) to abrogate, to annul, to abolish

(transitive) to bring (someone) to ruin or a lowly state; also to depose, to dethrone (a ruler)

a. 1450, The Creation and the Fall of Lucifer in The York Plays, as recorded c. 1463–1477 in British Museum MS. Additional 35290

I am gracious and great, God without beginning, / I am the unmade maker—all might is in me, / I am life and the way to the attainment of salvation, / I am foremost and first—as I command, it shall be.

I am gracyus and grete, god withoutyn begynnyng, / I am maker vnmade, all mighte es in me, / I am lyfe and way vnto welth-wynnyng, / I am formaste and fyrste, als I byd sall it be.

(in the past participle) uncreated, unmade, existing eternally

(in the past participle) incomplete, unfinished


teynen

teynen (infinitive)
to teynen (infinitive)
teyne (infinitive)
teyne (first-person present singular)
teyned (first-person past singular)
teynest (present second-person singular)
teynedest (past second-person singular)
teyneth (present singular third-person)
teyned (past singular third-person)
teyne (present singular subjunctive)
teyned (past singular subjunctive)
teyne (imperative present singular)
teynen (plural present)
teyne (plural present)
teyneden (past plural)
teynede (past plural)
teyneth (imperative plural present)
teyne (imperative plural present)
teynynge (participle present)
teynende (participle present)
teyned (participle past)
yteyned (participle past)
tainen (alternative)
tenen (alternative)


snaperen

snaperen (third-person singular simple present snapereth, present participle snaperende, snaperynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle snapered)

snapereth (present singular third-person)
snaperende (participle present)
snaperynge (participle present)
snapered (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
snaperen (infinitive)
to snaperen (infinitive)
snapere (infinitive)
snapere (first-person present singular)
snapered (first-person past singular)
snaperest (present second-person singular)
snaperedest (past second-person singular)
snapereth (present singular third-person)
snapered (past singular third-person)
snapere (present singular subjunctive)
snapered (past singular subjunctive)
snapere (imperative present singular)
snaperen (plural present)
snapere (plural present)
snapereden (past plural)
snaperede (past plural)
snapereth (imperative plural present)
snapere (imperative plural present)
snaperynge (participle present)
snaperende (participle present)
snapered (participle past)
ysnapered (participle past)
snapperen (alternative)
snapere (alternative)
snapre (alternative)

English: snapper

Likely formed with the frequentative suffix -eren (compare Modern English -er). For the stem compare Norwegian Nynorsk snåva (“to stumble”), Swedish snava (“to stumble”), obsolete German schnappen (“to totter, to limp”), Middle High German snaben, Middle Low German snaven (“to stumble”).

(figuratively) to fall into error; to make a mistake, and especially to stumble morally


assoilen

asoil (alternative)
asoile (alternative)
asoilen (alternative)
asoilie (alternative)
asoily (alternative)
asoli (alternative)
asoyl (alternative)
asoyle (alternative)
asoylen (alternative)
asoyli (alternative)
asyoly (alternative)
asoylye (alternative)
assoil (alternative)
assoile (alternative)
assoill (alternative)
assoille (alternative)
assoillen (alternative)
assoilli (alternative)
assole (alternative)
assoli (alternative)
assoyl (alternative)
assoyle (alternative)

to release (someone) from bonds of sin, hell, or purgatory

to free (a country or someone) from an ecclesiastical offence or excommunication

to free (someone) from a criminal charge or sentence

to release (someone) from an obligation; to discharge (someone) from office

to exempt (someone) from service; to release (someone) from medical treatment

to explain or solve (a problem, riddle, etc.)


trussen

trussen (infinitive)
to trussen (infinitive)
trusse (infinitive)
trusse (first-person present singular)
trussed (first-person past singular)
trussest (present second-person singular)
trussedest (past second-person singular)
trusseth (present singular third-person)
trussed (past singular third-person)
trusse (present singular subjunctive)
trussed (past singular subjunctive)
trusse (imperative present singular)
trussen (plural present)
trusse (plural present)
trusseden (past plural)
trussede (past plural)
trusseth (imperative plural present)
trusse (imperative plural present)
trussynge (participle present)
trussende (participle present)
trussed (participle past)
ytrussed (participle past)
trusse (alternative)

English: truss


scorkle

And ek this nero gouernyd by ceptre alle the poeples þat ben vndyr the colde sterres that hyhten vii tyryones / this to seyn he gouernede alle the poeples þat ben vndyr the party of the north / and ek nero gouernede alle þe poeples þat the vyolent wynd nothus scorklith


bielde

(Wycliffite Bible LV) alternative form of bylden


atenden

atenden (third-person singular simple present atendeth, present participle atendende, atendynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle atended)

atendeth (present singular third-person)
atendende (participle present)
atendynge (participle present)
atended (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
atend (alternative)
attend (alternative)

PIE word
 *úd
From Old English ātendan (“to set on fire, kindle, inflame; to perplex; to trouble”), a variant of earlier ontendan (“to set on fire, set fire to, kindle, inflame; to perplex; to trouble”), from ā- (prefix meaning ‘away; from; off; out’), on- (prefix meaning ‘at; on’) + tendan (“to kindle”) (from Proto-Germanic *tandijaną (“to light on fire, kindle”), the causative form of *tinnaną (“to burn”); ultimate etymology uncertain, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *deh₂w- (“to burn; to kindle”)).

inh

To bring light to (something); to illuminate, to light up.

(figurative) To cause (someone) to feel ardour or passion.


enhorten

enm-verb

enhorten (third-person singular simple present enhorteth, present participle enhortende, enhortynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle enhorted)

enhorteth (present singular third-person)
enhortende (participle present)
enhortynge (participle present)
enhorted (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
enorten (alternative)
enhurten (alternative)

From Old French enorter, from Latin inhortārī (“to incite, instigate”).

der

Deeth is an ende of euery woꝛldly sooꝛe
And ouer al this yet seyde he muchel mooꝛe
To this effect ful wyſly to enhoꝛte
The peple that they sholde hem reconfoꝛte

1387–1400, [Geoffrey] Chaucer, “The Knẏghtes Tale”, in The Tales of Caunt́bury (Hengwrt Chaucer; Peniarth Manuscript 392D), Aberystwyth, Ceredigion: National Library of Wales, published [c. 1400–1410], →OCLC, folio 37, verso:


bearne

(Early Middle English) alternative form of brennen


woten

English: wot


tarien

tarien (infinitive)
to tarien (infinitive)
tarie (infinitive)
tarie (first-person present singular)
taried (first-person past singular)
tariest (present second-person singular)
tariedest (past second-person singular)
tarieth (present singular third-person)
taried (past singular third-person)
tarie (present singular subjunctive)
taried (past singular subjunctive)
tarie (imperative present singular)
tarien (plural present)
tarie (plural present)
tarieden (past plural)
tariede (past plural)
tarieth (imperative plural present)
tarie (imperative plural present)
tariynge (participle present)
tariende (participle present)
taried (participle past)
ytaried (participle past)
tarre (alternative)
tarry (alternative)
tarie (alternative)

Yola: thar

Borrowed from Old French tariier, tarier.


bismeoruwed

English: besmear

Yola: besmorth (preterite)

From Old English besmierwan; equivalent to bi- + smeren.

bi smeored (alternative)
bi smured (alternative)


dawen

enm-verb

dawen (third-person singular simple present daweth, present participle dawende, dawynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle dawed)

daweth (present singular third-person)
dawende (participle present)
dawynge (participle present)
dawed (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
dawen (infinitive)
to dawen (infinitive)
dawe (infinitive)
dawe (first-person present singular)
dawed (first-person past singular)
dawest (present second-person singular)
dawedest (past second-person singular)
daweth (present singular third-person)
dawed (past singular third-person)
dawe (present singular subjunctive)
dawed (past singular subjunctive)
dawe (imperative present singular)
dawen (plural present)
dawe (plural present)
daweden (past plural)
dawede (past plural)
daweth (imperative plural present)
dawe (imperative plural present)
dawynge (participle present)
dawende (participle present)
dawed (participle past)
dawe (alternative)
dawei (alternative)
dawy (alternative)
dagen (alternative Early-Middle-English)
daȝiȝen (alternative Early-Middle-English)
daiȝen (alternative Early-Middle-English)
daw (alternative Late-Middle-English)
dawyn (alternative Late-Middle-English)
dayyn (alternative Late-Middle-English)

English: daw (obsolete)

Middle Scots: daw

Scots: daw

Inherited from Old English dagian, from Proto-West Germanic *dagēn, from Proto-Germanic *dagāną; equivalent to day (“day”) + -en (infinitival suffix).

(figuratively, of emotions) To emerge or arise.


extenden

extenden (infinitive)
to extenden (infinitive)
extende (infinitive)
extende (first-person present singular)
extended (first-person past singular)
extendest (present second-person singular)
extendedest (past second-person singular)
extendeth (present singular third-person)
extended (past singular third-person)
extende (present singular subjunctive)
extended (past singular subjunctive)
extende (imperative present singular)
extenden (plural present)
extende (plural present)
extendeden (past plural)
extendede (past plural)
extendeth (imperative plural present)
extende (imperative plural present)
extendynge (participle present)
extendende (participle present)
extended (participle past)

English: extend

⇒ Yola: ee-stent (ppl.)

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman extendre, estendre, from Latin extendō (“I stretch out”).