blissen

blissen (third-person singular simple present blisseth, present participle blissende, blissynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle blissed)

blisseth (present singular third-person)
blissende (participle present)
blissynge (participle present)
blissed (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
blissen (infinitive)
to blissen (infinitive)
blisse (infinitive)
blisse (first-person present singular)
blissed (first-person past singular)
blissest (present second-person singular)
blissedest (past second-person singular)
blisseth (present singular third-person)
blissed (past singular third-person)
blisse (present singular subjunctive)
blissed (past singular subjunctive)
blisse (imperative present singular)
blissen (plural present)
blisse (plural present)
blisseden (past plural)
blissede (past plural)
blisseth (imperative plural present)
blisse (imperative plural present)
blissynge (participle present)
blissende (participle present)
blissed (participle past)
yblissed (participle past)
bliscen (alternative)
bliscien (alternative)
blissien (alternative)
blissin (alternative)
blissy (alternative)
blissenn (alternative Ormulum)

From Old English blīssian, from Proto-West Germanic *blīþisōn.


cappen

cappen (infinitive)
to cappen (infinitive)
cappe (infinitive)
cappe (first-person present singular)
capped (first-person past singular)
cappest (present second-person singular)
cappedest (past second-person singular)
cappeth (present singular third-person)
capped (past singular third-person)
cappe (present singular subjunctive)
capped (past singular subjunctive)
cappe (imperative present singular)
cappen (plural present)
cappe (plural present)
cappeden (past plural)
cappede (past plural)
cappeth (imperative plural present)
cappe (imperative plural present)
cappynge (participle present)
cappende (participle present)
capped (participle past)
ycapped (participle past)
cappe (alternative)

English: cap

To put a cap or hat on; to wear headgear.


clappen

clappen (infinitive)
to clappen (infinitive)
clappe (infinitive)
clappe (first-person present singular)
clapped (first-person past singular)
clappest (present second-person singular)
clappedest (past second-person singular)
clappeth (present singular third-person)
clapped (past singular third-person)
clappe (present singular subjunctive)
clapped (past singular subjunctive)
clappe (imperative present singular)
clappen (plural present)
clappe (plural present)
clappeden (past plural)
clappede (past plural)
clappeth (imperative plural present)
clappe (imperative plural present)
clappynge (participle present)
clappende (participle present)
clapped (participle past)
clappe (alternative)
clap (alternative)
cleppyn (alternative)
clyppyn (alternative)

English: clap

Scots: clap

Yola: clappu

From Old English clæppan, from Proto-West Germanic *klappōn (with a change in verb class).

To make a loud noise, especially by talking or striking.

To pound or slap; to make a beating or stroke.

To clap; to strike two things against each other.

To slam or strike; to make a forcible striking motion.

(rare) To make a specific utterance loudly.

(rare) To beat or throb; to inflate then deflate.


cleven

cleven (infinitive)
to cleven (infinitive)
cleve (infinitive)
cleve (first-person present singular)
clef (first-person past singular)
claf (first-person past singular)
clefte (first-person past singular)
cleved (first-person past singular)
clevest (present second-person singular)
clove (past second-person singular)
clef (past second-person singular)
claf (past second-person singular)
cleftest (past second-person singular)
clevedest (past second-person singular)
cleveth (present singular third-person)
clef (past singular third-person)
claf (past singular third-person)
clefte (past singular third-person)
cleved (past singular third-person)
cleve (present singular subjunctive)
clove (past singular subjunctive)
clefte (past singular subjunctive)
cleved (past singular subjunctive)
cleve (imperative present singular)
cleven (plural present)
cleve (plural present)
cloven (past plural)
clove (past plural)
cleften (past plural)
clefte (past plural)
cleveden (past plural)
clevede (past plural)
cleveth (imperative plural present)
cleve (imperative plural present)
clevynge (participle present)
clevende (participle present)
cloven (participle past)
clove (participle past)
cleft (participle past)
cleved (participle past)
ycloven (participle past)
yclove (participle past)
cleev (alternative)
cleeve (alternative)
cleoven (alternative)
cleve (alternative)
clyvyn (alternative)

English: cleave

Scots: cleave

From Old English clēofan, from Proto-West Germanic *kleuban, from Proto-Germanic *kleubaną.

To cleave; to split or slice through:
To slice at; to make a slashing blow.

To make a crack, cut or slice in something.

To cleave; to split or slice through:
To chop off (separate or sunder).

To ruin or finish (cause something's destruction) .

To stab someone mortally (by striking at their heart)


cleven

cleven (infinitive)
to cleven (infinitive)
cleve (infinitive)
cleve (first-person present singular)
cleved (first-person past singular)
clof (first-person past singular)
clevest (present second-person singular)
clevedest (past second-person singular)
clove (past second-person singular)
clive (past second-person singular)
clof (past second-person singular)
cleveth (present singular third-person)
cleved (past singular third-person)
clof (past singular third-person)
cleve (present singular subjunctive)
cleved (past singular subjunctive)
clove (past singular subjunctive)
clive (past singular subjunctive)
cleve (imperative present singular)
cleven (plural present)
cleve (plural present)
cleveden (past plural)
clevede (past plural)
cloven (past plural)
clove (past plural)
cliven (past plural)
clive (past plural)
cleveth (imperative plural present)
cleve (imperative plural present)
clevynge (participle present)
clevende (participle present)
cleved (participle past)
cliven (participle past)
clive (participle past)
ycleved (participle past)
ycliven (participle past)
clefian (alternative)
cleeven (alternative)
cleve (alternative)
clevyn (alternative)
cliven (alternative)
cliviȝe (alternative)
clyve (alternative)
clyven (alternative)
cleovien (alternative)
clevyen (alternative)

English: cleave

Scots: cleave, cleif

Originally two distinct verbs:
* Old English cleofian, clifian, from Proto-West Germanic *klibēn, from Proto-Germanic *klibāną.
* Old English clīfan, from Proto-West Germanic *klīban, from Proto-Germanic *klībaną.

To stick or adhere (often with on or to):

To have cohesion or unity; to adhere together.

Therfor, whanne the vois was reisid, eft thei bigunnen to wepe. Orpha kisside the modir of hir hosebonde, and turnede ayen, and Ruth cleuyde to the modir of hir hosebonde.
Afterwards, when the voice was raised, they began to weep again. Orpah kissed the mother of her husband, and turned around, and Ruth cleaved to the mother of her husband.

To be adhesive or sticky; to cause to adhere.

To be an inherent or inseparable part; to be intrinsic.

To withstand or stay put; to weather time.

(rare) To convince; to spread one's beliefs.


clingen

clingen (infinitive)
to clingen (infinitive)
clinge (infinitive)
clinge (first-person present singular)
clang (first-person past singular)
clingest (present second-person singular)
clunge (past second-person singular)
clang (past second-person singular)
clingeth (present singular third-person)
clang (past singular third-person)
clinge (present singular subjunctive)
clunge (past singular subjunctive)
clinge (imperative present singular)
clingen (plural present)
clinge (plural present)
clungen (past plural)
clunge (past plural)
clingeth (imperative plural present)
clinge (imperative plural present)
clingynge (participle present)
clingende (participle present)
clungen (participle past)
clunge (participle past)
yclungen (participle past)
yclunge (participle past)
clyngyn (alternative)
clyng (alternative)
clynge (alternative)
cling (alternative)

English: cling

Scots: cling

From Old English clingan, from Proto-Germanic *klinganą.

To solidify; to adhere as to form a mass.

To stick or cling; to be or make oneself adhesive onto something.

To reduce, to decrease in size or vitality; to shrivel or whither

To shrivel or reduce as to disappear or end.

To be scared or frightened; to be struck by terror.

(rare) To insert oneself into something.


beschrewen

enm-verb

beschrewen (third-person singular simple present beschreweth, present participle beschrewende, beschrewynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle beschrewed)

beschreweth (present singular third-person)
beschrewende (participle present)
beschrewynge (participle present)
beschrewed (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
beshrewen (alternative)
bishrewen (alternative)
byshrewen (alternative)
bischrewen (alternative)
beschreuen (alternative)

English: beshrew

To scold; speak ill of; curse; verbally abuse


bresten

bresten (infinitive)
to bresten (infinitive)
breste (infinitive)
breste (first-person present singular)
brast (first-person past singular)
brost (first-person past singular)
brestest (present second-person singular)
broste (past second-person singular)
braste (past second-person singular)
brast (past second-person singular)
brost (past second-person singular)
bresteth (present singular third-person)
brast (past singular third-person)
brost (past singular third-person)
breste (present singular subjunctive)
broste (past singular subjunctive)
braste (past singular subjunctive)
breste (imperative present singular)
bresten (plural present)
breste (plural present)
brosten (past plural)
broste (past plural)
brasten (past plural)
braste (past plural)
bresteth (imperative plural present)
breste (imperative plural present)
brestynge (participle present)
brestende (participle present)
brosten (participle past)
broste (participle past)
bresten (participle past)
breste (participle past)
bersten (alternative)
birsten (alternative)
braste (alternative)
breste (alternative)
brestyn (alternative)
brist (alternative)
briste (alternative)
bruste (alternative)
bursten (alternative)
buste (alternative)

English: burst, bust

Scots: brist, bryst

From Old English berstan, from Proto-West Germanic *brestan, from Proto-Germanic *brestaną; many forms are influenced by Old Norse bresta.

To burst (break from internal pressure):

To break, shatter (become broken):
To break, smash (cause to break)

To defeat or vanquish; to shatter (an enemy)

To be intensely afflicted with a feeling.


botnen

botnen (infinitive)
to botnen (infinitive)
botne (infinitive)
botne (first-person present singular)
botned (first-person past singular)
botnest (present second-person singular)
botnedest (past second-person singular)
botneth (present singular third-person)
botned (past singular third-person)
botne (present singular subjunctive)
botned (past singular subjunctive)
botne (imperative present singular)
botnen (plural present)
botne (plural present)
botneden (past plural)
botnede (past plural)
botneth (imperative plural present)
botne (imperative plural present)
botnynge (participle present)
botnende (participle present)
botned (participle past)
ybotned (participle past)
botenen (alternative)
botene (alternative)

From Old English *bōtnian; equivalent to bote (“help”) + -enen.

To cure or free from disease or sickness.

(rare) To be cured or freed from disease or sickness.

(rare) To change one's mind; to free from negative emotions.

(rare) To be expedient or convenient in a given situation.


withclosen

withclōsen (third-person singular simple present withcloseth, present participle withclosende, withclosynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle withclosed)

withclōsen (canonical)
withcloseth (present singular third-person)
withclosende (participle present)
withclosynge (participle present)
withclosed (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)


withdelen

withdēlen (third-person singular simple present withdeleth, present participle withdelende, first-/third-person singular past indicative withdelte, past participle withdelt)

withdēlen (canonical)
withdeleth (present singular third-person)
withdelende (participle present)
withdelte (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
withdelt (participle past)

(transitive) To share out; give a share of

(transitive) To have dealings with; manage; deal with; be concerned with or busy about

(transitive) To have sexual relations with


feahen

From Old English fǣġan (“to paint”), from Proto-Germanic *faihijaną (“to colour; paint”).


issen

enm-verb

issen (third-person singular simple present isseth, present participle issende, issynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle issed)

isseth (present singular third-person)
issende (participle present)
issynge (participle present)
issed (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
issen (infinitive)
to issen (infinitive)
isse (infinitive)
isse (first-person present singular)
issed (first-person past singular)
issest (present second-person singular)
issedest (past second-person singular)
isseth (present singular third-person)
issed (past singular third-person)
isse (present singular subjunctive)
issed (past singular subjunctive)
isse (imperative present singular)
issen (plural present)
isse (plural present)
isseden (past plural)
issede (past plural)
isseth (imperative plural present)
isse (imperative plural present)
issynge (participle present)
issende (participle present)
issed (participle past)
yissed (participle past)
isse (alternative)
isshen (alternative)
uschen (alternative)
yssen (alternative)

Middle Scots: isch, usch

Scots: ish, ush

→ English: ish (Scotland)

Borrowed from Old French issir, eissir, from Latin exīre. Compare issuen.

(finance, of profits) To accrue or accumulate.


stourben

stourben (third-person singular simple present stourbeth, present participle stourbende, stourbynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle stourbed)

stourbeth (present singular third-person)
stourbende (participle present)
stourbynge (participle present)
stourbed (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)

To me is ȝoldun my money, loo! it is had in the sak; and thei stonyed al aboute and sturbed, seiden togideres, What forsothe is this that God hath doon to vs?

1384, John Wycliffe's, Bible, Genesis Chapter 42, Verse 28.:


sweten

sweten (third-person singular simple present sweteth, present participle swetende, swetynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle sweted)

sweteth (present singular third-person)
swetende (participle present)
swetynge (participle present)
sweted (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
sweten (infinitive)
to sweten (infinitive)
swete (infinitive)
swete (first-person present singular)
sweted (first-person past singular)
swetest (present second-person singular)
swetedest (past second-person singular)
sweteth (present singular third-person)
sweted (past singular third-person)
swete (present singular subjunctive)
sweted (past singular subjunctive)
swete (imperative present singular)
sweten (plural present)
swete (plural present)
sweteden (past plural)
swetede (past plural)
sweteth (imperative plural present)
swete (imperative plural present)
swetynge (participle present)
swetende (participle present)
sweted (participle past)
ysweted (participle past)

English: sweet

Inherited from Old English swētan, from Proto-West Germanic *swōtijan, from Proto-Germanic *swōtijaną; equivalent to swete (“sweet”) + -en (infinitival suffix).


sweten

sweteth (present singular third-person)
swetende (participle present)
swetynge (participle present)
sweted (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
sweten (infinitive)
to sweten (infinitive)
swete (infinitive)
swete (first-person present singular)
sweted (first-person past singular)
swetest (present second-person singular)
swetedest (past second-person singular)
sweteth (present singular third-person)
sweted (past singular third-person)
swete (present singular subjunctive)
sweted (past singular subjunctive)
swete (imperative present singular)
sweten (plural present)
swete (plural present)
sweteden (past plural)
swetede (past plural)
sweteth (imperative plural present)
swete (imperative plural present)
swetynge (participle present)
swetende (participle present)
sweted (participle past)
ysweted (participle past)
sweaten (alternative)
swheten (alternative)

English: sweat

Scots: sweet, swate, sweit, swite

Inherited from Old English swǣtan, from Proto-West Germanic *swaitijan, from Proto-Germanic *swaitijaną; equivalent to swete (“sweat”) + -en (infinitival suffix).


hamelen

enm-verb

hamelen (third-person singular simple present hameleth, present participle hamelende, hamelynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative hamelede, hamlede, past participle hameled, ihamled)

hameleth (present singular third-person)
hamelende (participle present)
hamelynge (participle present)
hamelede (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
hamlede (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
hameled (participle past)
ihamled (participle past)
homelen (alternative)
heomelen (alternative)
hamlen (alternative)

English: hamble, hummel (probably)

From Old English hamelian, possibly from Old Norse (compare Icelandic hamla (“to maim, mutilate”)), from Proto-Germanic *hamalōną, *hamlōną (“to mutilate”), from Proto-Indo-European *kem- (“hornless; mutilated”).

der

For thus forforth I haue thy werke begon / Fro day to day, tyl this day by the morowe / Her loue of frendſhyp haue I to the won / and therfore hath ſhe laid her faith to borow / Algate a foote is hameled of thy sorowe

c. 1380s, [Geoffrey Chaucer, William Caxton, editor], The Double Sorow of Troylus to Telle Kyng Pryamus Sone of Troye … [Troilus and Criseyde] (in Middle English), [Westminster]: Explicit per Caxton, published 1482, →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], book II, [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC, folio clxxviii, recto, column 2, lines 960–964:


tosten

tosten (infinitive)
to tosten (infinitive)
toste (infinitive)
toste (first-person present singular)
tosted (first-person past singular)
tostest (present second-person singular)
tostedest (past second-person singular)
tosteth (present singular third-person)
tosted (past singular third-person)
toste (present singular subjunctive)
tosted (past singular subjunctive)
toste (imperative present singular)
tosten (plural present)
toste (plural present)
tosteden (past plural)
tostede (past plural)
tosteth (imperative plural present)
toste (imperative plural present)
tostynge (participle present)
tostende (participle present)
tosted (participle past)
ytosted (participle past)
toste (alternative)
tost (alternative)
toost (alternative)
tooste (alternative)
toostyn (alternative)

English: toast

Scots: toast

From Old French toster, from Latin tostus, from torreō, from Proto-Italic *torzeō, from Proto-Indo-European *torséyeti.


lollen

enm-verb

lollen (third-person singular simple present lolleth, present participle lollende, lollynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative lollede, past participle lolled, ilolled)

lolleth (present singular third-person)
lollende (participle present)
lollynge (participle present)
lollede (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
lolled (participle past)
ilolled (participle past)
lullen (alternative)

From Middle Dutch lollen, lullen (“to doze; to mumble, talk nonsense”).

To act lazily or indolently; to recline; to lie at ease; to loll.

Especially of body parts: to hang down, to dangle; to loll.


lollen

lollen (third-person singular simple present lolleth, present participle lollende, lollynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative lollede, lullede, past participle lolled, ilolled)

lolleth (present singular third-person)
lollende (participle present)
lollynge (participle present)
lollede (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
lullede (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
lolled (participle past)
ilolled (participle past)

From Late Latin Lollardi, Lullardi (“a Lollard”) (whence English Lollard, Lollardy); further etymology uncertain (see Lollard). Sense 2 is probably influenced by lollen (“to hang down, to dangle”) (above).


roted

first/third-person singular indicative past

inflection of roten (“to rot”):
singular subjunctive past

inflection of roten (“to rot”):
plural indicative/subjunctive past


iwon

third-person singular simple past of iwinnen


blinnen

blinnen (infinitive)
to blinnen (infinitive)
blinne (infinitive)
blinne (first-person present singular)
blan (first-person past singular)
blinned (first-person past singular)
blinnest (present second-person singular)
blanne (past second-person singular)
blan (past second-person singular)
blinnedest (past second-person singular)
blinneth (present singular third-person)
blan (past singular third-person)
blinned (past singular third-person)
blinne (present singular subjunctive)
blanne (past singular subjunctive)
blinned (past singular subjunctive)
blinne (imperative present singular)
blinnen (plural present)
blinne (plural present)
blannen (past plural)
blanne (past plural)
blinneden (past plural)
blinnede (past plural)
blinneth (imperative plural present)
blinne (imperative plural present)
blinnynge (participle present)
blinnende (participle present)
belynne (alternative)
bilinne (alternative)
blin (alternative)
blinne (alternative)
blyn (alternative)
blynne (alternative)
blynnyn (alternative)
bylynne (alternative)
blinnenn (alternative Early-Middle-English)

English: blin (obsolete)

Scots: blin (poetic)

From Old English blinnan, belinnan, from Proto-West Germanic *bilinnan; equivalent to bi- + linnen.

(transitive) To stop or end (not continue)

(transitive) To cease or abandon; to stop doing:

(intransitive) To cease moving; to come to a stop or pause.

(intransitive) To cease talking; to quieten down.

To cease or abandon; to stop doing:
To cease talking; to quieten down.

(transitive) To stop or end (cause to stop)


roupe

alternative form of ropen (“to cry out”)


thinken

thinken (third-person singular simple present thinketh, present participle thinkende, first-/third-person singular past indicative thought, past participle ithought)

thinketh (present singular third-person)
thinkende (participle present)
thought (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
ithought (participle past)
thinken (infinitive)
to thinken (infinitive)
thinke (infinitive)
thinke (first-person present singular)
thoughte (first-person past singular)
thinkest (present second-person singular)
thoughtest (past second-person singular)
thinketh (present singular third-person)
thoughte (past singular third-person)
thinke (present singular subjunctive)
thoughte (past singular subjunctive)
thinke (imperative present singular)
thinken (plural present)
thinke (plural present)
thoughten (past plural)
thoughte (past plural)
thinketh (imperative plural present)
thinke (imperative plural present)
thinkynge (participle present)
thinkende (participle present)
thought (participle past)
ythought (participle past)
thenchen (alternative)
thenken (alternative)
thynken (alternative)
thinke (alternative)
think (alternative)

English: think

Scots: think, thynk

And in the menewhile that thei thoughten upon these thinges that thei hadde seyn, the squyer com the thridde tyme and smote his lorde sorer than he hadde don before.

And for their mistress, thoughten the two swains,
They moughten never take too mickle pains;

1589, George Peele, An Eclogue Gratulatory:

To think, ponder; to deduce, figure out; to grasp, understand.

To reach a conclusion, to decide, resolve; to accept, believe; to consider, regard.

All the giants thoughten then
To have strucke out Sir Gawaines braine.


glewe

alternative form of glewen (“to play music, have fun”)


gracen

gracen (infinitive)
to gracen (infinitive)
grace (infinitive)
grace (first-person present singular)
graced (first-person past singular)
gracest (present second-person singular)
gracedest (past second-person singular)
graceth (present singular third-person)
graced (past singular third-person)
grace (present singular subjunctive)
graced (past singular subjunctive)
grace (imperative present singular)
gracen (plural present)
grace (plural present)
graceden (past plural)
gracede (past plural)
graceth (imperative plural present)
grace (imperative plural present)
gracynge (participle present)
gracende (participle present)
graced (participle past)
ygraced (participle past)

English: grace

From Old French graciier, from grace; equivalent to grace + -en (“infinitival ending”).


spicen

spicen (infinitive)
to spicen (infinitive)
spice (infinitive)
spice (first-person present singular)
spiced (first-person past singular)
spicest (present second-person singular)
spicedest (past second-person singular)
spiceth (present singular third-person)
spiced (past singular third-person)
spice (present singular subjunctive)
spiced (past singular subjunctive)
spice (imperative present singular)
spicen (plural present)
spice (plural present)
spiceden (past plural)
spicede (past plural)
spiceth (imperative plural present)
spice (imperative plural present)
spicynge (participle present)
spicende (participle present)
spiced (participle past)
yspiced (participle past)
spisen (alternative)
spycen (alternative)

English: spice

Scots: spice

(rare) To perform embalmment with spices.


heaten

(Early Middle English) alternative form of heten (“to heat”)


ȝeten

ȝeten (third-person singular simple present ȝeteþ, present participle ȝetende, first-/third-person singular past indicative ȝette, past participle ȝet)

ȝeteþ (present singular third-person)
ȝetende (participle present)
ȝette (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
ȝet (participle past)
ȝeten (infinitive)
to ȝeten (infinitive)
ȝete (infinitive)
ȝete (first-person present singular)
ȝette (first-person past singular)
ȝeted (first-person past singular)
ȝetest (present second-person singular)
ȝettest (past second-person singular)
ȝetedest (past second-person singular)
ȝeteth (present singular third-person)
ȝette (past singular third-person)
ȝeted (past singular third-person)
ȝete (present singular subjunctive)
ȝette (past singular subjunctive)
ȝeted (past singular subjunctive)
ȝete (imperative present singular)
ȝeten (plural present)
ȝete (plural present)
ȝetten (past plural)
ȝette (past plural)
ȝeteden (past plural)
ȝetede (past plural)
ȝeteth (imperative plural present)
ȝete (imperative plural present)
ȝetynge (participle present)
ȝetende (participle present)
ȝet (participle past)
ȝeted (participle past)
yȝet (participle past)
yȝeted (participle past)
yeten (alternative)
ȝetten (alternative)
geten (alternative)

From Old English ġēatan, from Proto-Germanic *jahatjaną.

To give something up to someone; to yield.

To give affirmation or permission; to assent.

To admit, recognize or confess something to be true; to acknowledge.

(optative) May it be that...; were it that...


ȝeten

alternative form of yeten (“to address with "ye"”)


fnesen

fnesen (third-person singular simple present fneseth, present participle fnesende, fnesynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle fnesed)

fneseth (present singular third-person)
fnesende (participle present)
fnesynge (participle present)
fnesed (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
fnesen (infinitive)
to fnesen (infinitive)
fnese (infinitive)
fnese (first-person present singular)
fnesed (first-person past singular)
fnesest (present second-person singular)
fnesedest (past second-person singular)
fneseth (present singular third-person)
fnesed (past singular third-person)
fnese (present singular subjunctive)
fnesed (past singular subjunctive)
fnese (imperative present singular)
fnesen (plural present)
fnese (plural present)
fneseden (past plural)
fnesede (past plural)
fneseth (imperative plural present)
fnese (imperative plural present)
fnesynge (participle present)
fnesende (participle present)
fnesed (participle past)
yfnesed (participle past)

From Old English fnēosan and perhaps also from Old English fnesan.


freten

freten (third-person singular simple present freteth, present participle fretynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative frat, past participle freten)

freteth (present singular third-person)
fretynge (participle present)
frat (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
freten (participle past)
freten (infinitive)
to freten (infinitive)
frete (infinitive)
frete (first-person present singular)
frat (first-person past singular)
fret (first-person past singular)
frette (first-person past singular)
freted (first-person past singular)
fretest (present second-person singular)
frete (past second-person singular)
frat (past second-person singular)
fret (past second-person singular)
frettest (past second-person singular)
fretedest (past second-person singular)
freteth (present singular third-person)
frat (past singular third-person)
fret (past singular third-person)
frette (past singular third-person)
freted (past singular third-person)
frete (present singular subjunctive)
frete (past singular subjunctive)
frette (past singular subjunctive)
freted (past singular subjunctive)
frete (imperative present singular)
freten (plural present)
frete (plural present)
freten (past plural)
frete (past plural)
fretten (past plural)
frette (past plural)
freteden (past plural)
fretede (past plural)
freteth (imperative plural present)
frete (imperative plural present)
fretynge (participle present)
fretende (participle present)
freten (participle past)
yfreten (participle past)
frete (participle past)
yfrete (participle past)
fret (participle past)
yfret (participle past)
freted (participle past)
yfreted (participle past)
ffrete (alternative)
frete (alternative)
fretyn (alternative)
vreten (alternative)
freoten (alternative)

English: fret

Scots: frete, freet

Inherited from Old English fretan, from Proto-West Germanic *fraetan, from Proto-Germanic *fraetaną; equivalent to fret (“eating away”) + -en (infinitival suffix).
Some senses are possibly influenced by an Old French *freiter.

af

At the bigynnyng God gaf the doom hymselve-- / That Adam and Eve and alle that hem suwede / Sholden deye downrighte, and dwelle in peyne after / If that thei touchede a tree and of the fruyt eten. / Adam afterward, ayeins his defence, / Freet of that fruyt, and forsook, as it were, / The love of Oure Lord and his loore bothe […]

1370–1390, William Langland, “Passus. xviii. de visione”, in Piers Plowman:

At the beginning God gave the judgment himself / That Adam and Eve and all them that ensued, / Should die down right and dwell in pain after, / If that they touched a tree and the fruit ate, / Adam afterward against his warning / Ate of that fruit, and forsook, as it were, / The love of our Lord and his lore both, […]

To consume, to devour, to eat (usually of animals).

To gnaw or chomp; to attack with the teeth.

To wear or abrade; to rub or chafe at:
To corrode; to eat or wear away.

(figurative) To wear at; to annoy or injure.

To wear or abrade; to rub or chafe at:
To wear at; to annoy or injure.

(rare, cooking) To force through a strainer.


freten

enm-verb

freten (third-person singular simple present freteth, present participle fretynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative frette, past participle fret)

freteth (present singular third-person)
fretynge (participle present)
frette (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
fret (participle past)
fretenen (infinitive)
to fretenen (infinitive)
fretene (infinitive)
fretene (first-person present singular)
fretente (first-person past singular)
fretened (first-person past singular)
fretenest (present second-person singular)
fretentest (past second-person singular)
fretenedest (past second-person singular)
freteneth (present singular third-person)
fretente (past singular third-person)
fretened (past singular third-person)
fretene (present singular subjunctive)
fretente (past singular subjunctive)
fretened (past singular subjunctive)
fretene (imperative present singular)
fretenen (plural present)
fretene (plural present)
fretenten (past plural)
fretente (past plural)
freteneden (past plural)
fretenede (past plural)
freteneth (imperative plural present)
fretene (imperative plural present)
fretenynge (participle present)
fretenende (participle present)
fretent (participle past)
fretened (participle past)
yfretent (participle past)
yfretened (participle past)
fret (alternative)

English: fret

Borrowed from Old French frete, past participle of freter (“to decorate”).

To decorate with precious adornments (often wire or gems)


freten

freteth (present singular third-person)
fretynge (participle present)
frette (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
fret (participle past)
fretenen (infinitive)
to fretenen (infinitive)
fretene (infinitive)
fretene (first-person present singular)
fretente (first-person past singular)
fretened (first-person past singular)
fretenest (present second-person singular)
fretentest (past second-person singular)
fretenedest (past second-person singular)
freteneth (present singular third-person)
fretente (past singular third-person)
fretened (past singular third-person)
fretene (present singular subjunctive)
fretente (past singular subjunctive)
fretened (past singular subjunctive)
fretene (imperative present singular)
fretenen (plural present)
fretene (plural present)
fretenten (past plural)
fretente (past plural)
freteneden (past plural)
fretenede (past plural)
freteneth (imperative plural present)
fretene (imperative plural present)
fretenynge (participle present)
fretenende (participle present)
fretent (participle past)
fretened (participle past)
yfretent (participle past)
yfretened (participle past)
fretten (alternative)

English: fret

Borrowed from Old French fretter, freter, from frette (“ring”). See fretter.


mowen

mowen (third-person singular simple present may, present participle mowynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative myghte, past participle mowen)

may (present singular third-person)
mowynge (participle present)
myghte (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
mowen (participle past)
mowen (infinitive)
to mowen (infinitive)
mowe (infinitive)
maye (infinitive)
may (first-person present singular)
myghte (first-person past singular)
moghte (first-person past singular)
myght (present second-person singular)
myghtest (past second-person singular)
moghtest (past second-person singular)
may (present singular third-person)
myghte (past singular third-person)
moghte (past singular third-person)
mowe (present singular subjunctive)
maye (present singular subjunctive)
myghte (past singular subjunctive)
moghte (past singular subjunctive)
mowen (plural present)
mowe (plural present)
mayen (plural present)
maye (plural present)
myghten (past plural)
myghte (past plural)
moghten (past plural)
moghte (past plural)
mowynge (participle present)
mowende (participle present)
mowen (participle past)
mowe (participle past)
myght (participle past)
moght (participle past)
magen (alternative)
maȝen (alternative)
mayen (alternative)
mauen (alternative)
mawe (alternative)
mawen (alternative)
moȝen (alternative)
mouen (alternative)
mouin (alternative)
moun (alternative)
mouwe (alternative)
mouwen (alternative)
mow (alternative)
mowe (alternative)
mugen (alternative)
muȝhen (alternative)

English: may

Scots: mey, may, ma

Yola: mye, mey, meigh, mai, maa, ma

From Old English magan, from Proto-West Germanic *magan, from Proto-Germanic *maganą.
Most forms are from an Old English by-form *mugan (no doubt due to the analogy of dugan).

Þu myhteſ faren al a dæiſ fare ſculdeſt thu neure finden man in tun ſittende · ne land tiled.

p. 1154, “AD 1137”, in Anglo-Saxon Chronicle (MS. Laud Misc. 636, continuation), Peterborough, folio 89, verso; republished at Oxford: Digital Bodleian, 2018 February 8:

You could go a whole day's journey, but you'd never find anyone in town or any tilled fields.

foꝛ þe greet dai of her wraþþe comeþ · ⁊ who ſchal mowe ſtonde

c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Apocalips 6:17, page 119v, column 1; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:

[…] because the great day of their wrath has arrived, and who'll be able to stand?

(auxiliary) To be able to; to have the capability (to do); can.

Maister Ion Aston taughte and wroot acordingli and ful bisili, where and whanne and to whom he myghte, and he vsid it himsilf, I gesse, right perfyghtli vnto his lyues eende.[…]"

1407, The Testimony of William Thorpe, pages 40–41:

(auxiliary) To potentially be able (to do); might.

(auxiliary) To be permitted (to do); may.


mowen

mowen (third-person singular simple present moweth, present participle mowynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative mew, past participle mowen)

moweth (present singular third-person)
mowynge (participle present)
mew (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
mowen (participle past)
mowen (infinitive)
to mowen (infinitive)
mowe (infinitive)
mowe (first-person present singular)
mew (first-person past singular)
mowest (present second-person singular)
mewe (past second-person singular)
mew (past second-person singular)
moweth (present singular third-person)
mew (past singular third-person)
mowe (present singular subjunctive)
mewe (past singular subjunctive)
mowe (imperative present singular)
mowen (plural present)
mowe (plural present)
mewen (past plural)
mewe (past plural)
moweth (imperative plural present)
mowe (imperative plural present)
mowynge (participle present)
mowende (participle present)
mowen (participle past)
mowe (participle past)
ymowen (participle past)
ymowe (participle past)
mawe (alternative)
mawen (alternative)
mouin (alternative)
mouwe (alternative)
mow (alternative)
mowe (alternative)

English: mow

Scots: maw

From Old English māwan, from Proto-West Germanic *māan, from Proto-Germanic *mēaną.

To mow; to cut or slice off (the tops) of grasses or stalks.

To collect crops using a scythe or similar implement.


mowen

mowen (third-person singular simple present moweth, present participle mowende, mowynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle mowed)

moweth (present singular third-person)
mowende (participle present)
mowynge (participle present)
mowed (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
mowen (infinitive)
to mowen (infinitive)
mowe (infinitive)
mowe (first-person present singular)
mowed (first-person past singular)
mowest (present second-person singular)
mowedest (past second-person singular)
moweth (present singular third-person)
mowed (past singular third-person)
mowe (present singular subjunctive)
mowed (past singular subjunctive)
mowe (imperative present singular)
mowen (plural present)
mowe (plural present)
moweden (past plural)
mowede (past plural)
moweth (imperative plural present)
mowe (imperative plural present)
mowynge (participle present)
mowende (participle present)
mowed (participle past)
mowe (alternative)
mowyn (alternative)

English: mow

Middle Scots: mow

>? Scots: mow (“to copulate”)

From mowe (“wry expression; taunt”) + -en (verb-forming suffix).


mowen

moweth (present singular third-person)
mowende (participle present)
mowynge (participle present)
mowed (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
mowen (infinitive)
to mowen (infinitive)
mowe (infinitive)
mowe (first-person present singular)
mowed (first-person past singular)
mowest (present second-person singular)
mowedest (past second-person singular)
moweth (present singular third-person)
mowed (past singular third-person)
mowe (present singular subjunctive)
mowed (past singular subjunctive)
mowe (imperative present singular)
mowen (plural present)
mowe (plural present)
moweden (past plural)
mowede (past plural)
moweth (imperative plural present)
mowe (imperative plural present)
mowynge (participle present)
mowende (participle present)
mowed (participle past)
mouwen (alternative)
moweye (alternative)
mughe (alternative)
muwe (alternative)

English: mow (dialectal)

>? Middle Scots: *mow, *mowe

desc

Scots: moue, mow (possibly formed anew from the noun)

From mowe (“haystack”) + -en (verb-forming suffix).


cunnen

enm-verb

cunnen (third-person singular simple present can, present participle cunnynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative coude, past participle coud)

can (present singular third-person)
cunnynge (participle present)
coude (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
coud (participle past)
cunnen (infinitive)
to cunnen (infinitive)
cunne (infinitive)
can (first-person present singular)
couthe (first-person past singular)
coude (first-person past singular)
canst (present second-person singular)
couthest (past second-person singular)
coudest (past second-person singular)
can (present singular third-person)
couthe (past singular third-person)
coude (past singular third-person)
cunne (present singular subjunctive)
couthe (past singular subjunctive)
coude (past singular subjunctive)
cunne (imperative present singular)
cunnen (plural present)
cunne (plural present)
couthen (past plural)
couthe (past plural)
couden (past plural)
coude (past plural)
cunneth (imperative plural present)
cunne (imperative plural present)
cunnynge (participle present)
cunnende (participle present)
cunnen (participle past)
cunne (participle past)
conne (alternative)
connen (alternative)
cun (alternative)
cunne (alternative)
can (alternative Northern especially)
canne (alternative Northern especially)
kanne (alternative Northern especially)

desc

English: can, con, cun, could, cunning, canny

Scots: can, cun, cunning

Yola: canna, cou

From Old English cunnan, from Proto-West Germanic *kunnan, from Proto-Germanic *kunnaną.
Past forms with /d/ (continued in modern could) are due to the influence of the weak past ending.

To know about (especially a domain of knowledge)

(auxiliary) To be able to do in the relevant situation; to be available to do.


bowen

bowen (infinitive)
to bowen (infinitive)
bowe (infinitive)
bowe (first-person present singular)
beigh (first-person past singular)
bowed (first-person past singular)
bowest (present second-person singular)
bowe (past second-person singular)
beigh (past second-person singular)
bowedest (past second-person singular)
boweth (present singular third-person)
beigh (past singular third-person)
bowed (past singular third-person)
bowe (present singular subjunctive)
bowe (past singular subjunctive)
bowed (past singular subjunctive)
bowe (imperative present singular)
bowen (plural present)
bowe (plural present)
bowen (past plural)
bowe (past plural)
boweden (past plural)
bowede (past plural)
boweth (imperative plural present)
bowe (imperative plural present)
bowynge (participle present)
bowende (participle present)
bowen (participle past)
bowe (participle past)
bowed (participle past)
ybowe (participle past)
bouȝen (alternative)
buȝen (alternative)
bouwen (alternative)
buwen (alternative)
bowe (alternative)

English: (to) bow

Scots: (to) boo

From Old English būgan, from Proto-West Germanic *beugan.


freen

English: free

Scots: free, fre

From Old English frēoġan. Equivalent to fre + -en (infinitival suffix).

freon (alternative)
fren (alternative)
freoȝen (alternative)
freoen (alternative)

To exempt, release (from a burden or duty)


durren

durren (infinitive)
to durren (infinitive)
durre (infinitive)
dare (infinitive)
dar (first-person present singular)
durste (first-person past singular)
darst (present second-person singular)
durstest (past second-person singular)
dar (present singular third-person)
durste (past singular third-person)
durre (present singular subjunctive)
dare (present singular subjunctive)
durste (past singular subjunctive)
durren (plural present)
durre (plural present)
daren (plural present)
dare (plural present)
dursten (past plural)
durste (past plural)
durren (participle past)
durre (participle past)
daren (participle past)
dare (participle past)
durst (participle past)
durre (alternative)
duren (alternative)
doren (alternative)
daren (alternative)
darn (alternative)

English: dare

Scots: daur

From Old English durran, from Proto-West Germanic *durʀan, from Proto-Germanic *durzaną.

(auxiliary) To dare, be willing to do in the face of hardship

(auxiliary) To be compelled or forced to do; to need to do.


thurven

present indicative/subjunctive plural of tharen


owen

owen (infinitive)
to owen (infinitive)
owe (infinitive)
ough (first-person present singular)
oughte (first-person past singular)
owed (first-person past singular)
oughst (present second-person singular)
oughtest (present second-person singular)
oughtest (past second-person singular)
owedest (past second-person singular)
ough (present singular third-person)
oughteth (present singular third-person)
oughte (past singular third-person)
owed (past singular third-person)
owe (present singular subjunctive)
oughte (past singular subjunctive)
owed (past singular subjunctive)
owen (plural present)
owe (plural present)
oughten (past plural)
oughte (past plural)
oweden (past plural)
owede (past plural)
owynge (participle present)
owende (participle present)
owen (participle past)
owe (participle past)
owed (participle past)
ought (participle past)
yowed (participle past)
ouen (alternative)
own (alternative)
owe (alternative)
awen (alternative)
aȝen (alternative)

English: owe (present tense), ought (past tense), own (past participle)

Scots: aw, awe

From Old English āgan, from Proto-West Germanic *aigan, from Proto-Germanic *aiganą.

To own, possess, have control over, have authority over

To owe, ought to give, have a debt towards

To respect, love (especially an authority)

To be appropriate, fitting, right for a situation

(auxillary) ought, should, be obliged to, be obligated to


dauncen

enm-verb

dauncen (third-person singular simple present daunceth, present participle dauncende, dauncynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle daunced)

daunceth (present singular third-person)
dauncende (participle present)
dauncynge (participle present)
daunced (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
dauncen (infinitive)
to dauncen (infinitive)
daunce (infinitive)
daunce (first-person present singular)
daunced (first-person past singular)
dauncest (present second-person singular)
dauncedest (past second-person singular)
daunceth (present singular third-person)
daunced (past singular third-person)
daunce (present singular subjunctive)
daunced (past singular subjunctive)
daunce (imperative present singular)
dauncen (plural present)
daunce (plural present)
daunceden (past plural)
dauncede (past plural)
daunceth (imperative plural present)
daunce (imperative plural present)
dauncynge (participle present)
dauncende (participle present)
daunced (participle past)
ydaunced (participle past)
dancen (alternative)
dansen (alternative)
daunsen (alternative)

English: dance (see there for further descendants)

Yola: dansth (preterite)

From Anglo-Norman dauncer. Also synchronically derivable from daunce (noun) + -en (verbal suffix).

(figurative) To move about in a rapid manner, prance


strecchen

strecchen (infinitive)
to strecchen (infinitive)
strecche (infinitive)
strecche (first-person present singular)
streighte (first-person past singular)
strecched (first-person past singular)
strecchest (present second-person singular)
streightest (past second-person singular)
strecchedest (past second-person singular)
streccheth (present singular third-person)
streighte (past singular third-person)
strecched (past singular third-person)
strecche (present singular subjunctive)
streighte (past singular subjunctive)
strecched (past singular subjunctive)
strecche (imperative present singular)
strecchen (plural present)
strecche (plural present)
streighten (past plural)
streighte (past plural)
streccheden (past plural)
strecchede (past plural)
streccheth (imperative plural present)
strecche (imperative plural present)
strecchynge (participle present)
strecchende (participle present)
streight (participle past)
strecched (participle past)
ystreight (participle past)
ystrecched (participle past)
strechchen (alternative)
strecche (alternative)
stretchen (alternative)

English: stretch

From Old English streċċan, from Proto-West Germanic *strakkjan.

To reach, project, be located out to a point

(figurative) To extend to, include, apply


hylde

alternative form of hiled: past participle of hilen (“to cover”)


pronouncen

pronouncen (infinitive)
to pronouncen (infinitive)
pronounce (infinitive)
pronounce (first-person present singular)
pronounced (first-person past singular)
pronouncest (present second-person singular)
pronouncedest (past second-person singular)
pronounceth (present singular third-person)
pronounced (past singular third-person)
pronounce (present singular subjunctive)
pronounced (past singular subjunctive)
pronounce (imperative present singular)
pronouncen (plural present)
pronounce (plural present)
pronounceden (past plural)
pronouncede (past plural)
pronounceth (imperative plural present)
pronounce (imperative plural present)
pronouncynge (participle present)
pronouncende (participle present)
pronounced (participle past)
ypronounced (participle past)
pronuncen (alternative)
pronounsen (alternative)
pronounce (alternative)

English: pronounce

Scots: pronunce

From Old French prononcier, from Latin prōnūntiō.


encensen

encensen (third-person singular simple present encenseth, present participle encensende, encensynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle encensed)

encenseth (present singular third-person)
encensende (participle present)
encensynge (participle present)
encensed (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
encensen (infinitive)
to encensen (infinitive)
encense (infinitive)
encense (first-person present singular)
encensed (first-person past singular)
encensest (present second-person singular)
encensedest (past second-person singular)
encenseth (present singular third-person)
encensed (past singular third-person)
encense (present singular subjunctive)
encensed (past singular subjunctive)
encense (imperative present singular)
encensen (plural present)
encense (plural present)
encenseden (past plural)
encensede (past plural)
encenseth (imperative plural present)
encense (imperative plural present)
encensynge (participle present)
encensende (participle present)
encensed (participle past)
yencensed (participle past)
incensen (alternative)

English: incense

English: incense

To use incense or its smoke upon an object


encensen

encensen (infinitive)
to encensen (infinitive)
encense (infinitive)
encense (first-person present singular)
encensed (first-person past singular)
encensest (present second-person singular)
encensedest (past second-person singular)
encenseth (present singular third-person)
encensed (past singular third-person)
encense (present singular subjunctive)
encensed (past singular subjunctive)
encense (imperative present singular)
encensen (plural present)
encense (plural present)
encenseden (past plural)
encensede (past plural)
encenseth (imperative plural present)
encense (imperative plural present)
encensynge (participle present)
encensende (participle present)
encensed (participle past)
yencensed (participle past)
ensencen (alternative)

English: incense

Scots: incense


rehete

rehete (third-person singular simple present reheteth, present participle rehetende, rehetynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle reheted)

reheteth (present singular third-person)
rehetende (participle present)
rehetynge (participle present)
reheted (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)

Wolde I visyte and drawe nere;
Him wol I comforte and rehete,
For I hope of his gold to gete.

c. 1370s, Unknown, The Romaunt of the Rose, 6508-10:

some songen in the stede of mynstrelsy that swete songe of heuen: and soo they reheteden and coūforted her lord as it longen to them with mykel Joye medled with cōpassion

c. 1400, Nicholas Love, chapter 15, in Incipit Speculum Vite Cristi, Westminster, published 1494:

Some bookes sayen, he poysoned was to dead
Of plummes so syttyng at his meate
In thabbey of Cistews at Swynsheade
With whiche a monke, there hym did rehete
Wenyng of God greate thanke to gette

c. mid-1400s, John Hardyng, chapter 162, in The Chronicle of Ihon Hardyng in Metre, London, published 1543:


thickenen

thickenen (infinitive)
to thickenen (infinitive)
thickene (infinitive)
thickene (first-person present singular)
thickened (first-person past singular)
thickenest (present second-person singular)
thickenedest (past second-person singular)
thickeneth (present singular third-person)
thickened (past singular third-person)
thickene (present singular subjunctive)
thickened (past singular subjunctive)
thickene (imperative present singular)
thickenen (plural present)
thickene (plural present)
thickeneden (past plural)
thickenede (past plural)
thickeneth (imperative plural present)
thickene (imperative plural present)
thickenynge (participle present)
thickenende (participle present)
thickened (participle past)
ythickened (participle past)
þicken (alternative)
þickenen (alternative)
þiknen (alternative)

English: (to) thicken

To coagulate, solidify, increase in viscosity, cause to be thick


thikken

thikken (infinitive)
to thikken (infinitive)
thikke (infinitive)
thikke (first-person present singular)
thikked (first-person past singular)
thikkest (present second-person singular)
thikkedest (past second-person singular)
thikketh (present singular third-person)
thikked (past singular third-person)
thikke (present singular subjunctive)
thikked (past singular subjunctive)
thikke (imperative present singular)
thikken (plural present)
thikke (plural present)
thikkeden (past plural)
thikkede (past plural)
thikketh (imperative plural present)
thikke (imperative plural present)
thikkynge (participle present)
thikkende (participle present)
thikked (participle past)
ythikked (participle past)
thykken (alternative)
þikken (alternative)
þicken (alternative)
thicke (alternative)

English: thick (archaic)

Scots: thik


bathen

bathen (third-person singular simple present batheth, present participle bathende, bathynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle bathed)

batheth (present singular third-person)
bathende (participle present)
bathynge (participle present)
bathed (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
bathen (infinitive)
to bathen (infinitive)
bathe (infinitive)
bathe (first-person present singular)
bathed (first-person past singular)
bathest (present second-person singular)
bathedest (past second-person singular)
batheth (present singular third-person)
bathed (past singular third-person)
bathe (present singular subjunctive)
bathed (past singular subjunctive)
bathe (imperative present singular)
bathen (plural present)
bathe (plural present)
batheden (past plural)
bathede (past plural)
batheth (imperative plural present)
bathe (imperative plural present)
bathynge (participle present)
bathende (participle present)
bathed (participle past)
ybathed (participle past)
baathe (alternative)
bathe (alternative)
bathien (alternative)
baþen (alternative)
baþie (alternative)
baþiȝe (alternative)
baðien (alternative Early-Middle-English)
beaðien (alternative Early-Middle-English)

English: bathe

Scots: bathe, baith, bauthe

From Old English baþian, from Proto-West Germanic *baþōn, from Proto-Germanic *baþōną; equivalent to bath + -en (infinitival suffix). Compare bethen.

To bath or wash (especially for medicinal reasons)

To put or cover in water:
To dip; to quickly immerse someone.

Whan that Auerill wᵗ his shoures soote / The droghte of march hath ꝑced to the roote / And bathed euery veyne in swich lycour / Of which v̄tu engendred is the flour[…]

1387–1400, [Geoffrey] Chaucer, “Here Bygynneth the Book of the Tales of Caunt́burẏ”, in The Tales of Caunt́bury (Hengwrt Chaucer; Peniarth Manuscript 392D), Aberystwyth, Ceredigion: National Library of Wales, published [c. 1400–1410], →OCLC, folio 2, recto:

When that April, with its sweet showers / Has pierced March's drought to the root / And bathed every vein in fluid such that / with its power, the flower is made […]

To shower or drench something or someone (usually in liquid).

To bathe; to have a bath or immerse oneself in liquid:

To enjoy or relax in something; to benefit from something.


sliken

sliken (infinitive)
to sliken (infinitive)
slike (infinitive)
slike (first-person present singular)
sliked (first-person past singular)
slikest (present second-person singular)
slikedest (past second-person singular)
sliketh (present singular third-person)
sliked (past singular third-person)
slike (present singular subjunctive)
sliked (past singular subjunctive)
slike (imperative present singular)
sliken (plural present)
slike (plural present)
slikeden (past plural)
slikede (past plural)
sliketh (imperative plural present)
slike (imperative plural present)
slikynge (participle present)
slikende (participle present)
sliked (participle past)
ysliked (participle past)
slike (alternative)
slyken (alternative)
slekyn (alternative)
slikien (alternative)

English: (to) slick, slike

(figurative) To deceive with the tongue, butter up, flatter


priken

14th c. Geoffrey Chaucer, The Canterbury Tales. General Prologue: 9-11.
And smale foweles maken melodye,
That slepen al the nyght with open eye-
(So priketh hem Nature in hir corages);
And many little birds make melody
That sleep through all the night with open eye

(So Nature pricks them on to ramp and rage)


wicchen

wicchen (infinitive)
to wicchen (infinitive)
wicche (infinitive)
wicche (first-person present singular)
wicched (first-person past singular)
wicchest (present second-person singular)
wicchedest (past second-person singular)
wiccheth (present singular third-person)
wicched (past singular third-person)
wicche (present singular subjunctive)
wicched (past singular subjunctive)
wicche (imperative present singular)
wicchen (plural present)
wicche (plural present)
wiccheden (past plural)
wicchede (past plural)
wiccheth (imperative plural present)
wicche (imperative plural present)
wicchynge (participle present)
wicchende (participle present)
wicched (participle past)
ywicched (participle past)
wycchyn (alternative)
wychyn (alternative)
wytchyn (alternative)
wytchon (alternative)

English: witch

From Old English wiccian; equivalent to wicche + -en (infinitival suffix).


gaugen

gaugen (infinitive)
to gaugen (infinitive)
gauge (infinitive)
gauge (first-person present singular)
gauged (first-person past singular)
gaugest (present second-person singular)
gaugedest (past second-person singular)
gaugeth (present singular third-person)
gauged (past singular third-person)
gauge (present singular subjunctive)
gauged (past singular subjunctive)
gauge (imperative present singular)
gaugen (plural present)
gauge (plural present)
gaugeden (past plural)
gaugede (past plural)
gaugeth (imperative plural present)
gauge (imperative plural present)
gaugynge (participle present)
gaugende (participle present)
gauged (participle past)
ygauged (participle past)
gagen (alternative)
gawgyn (alternative)

English: (to) gauge

Scots: (to) gauge

/ˈɡau̯d͡ʒən/

From Old Northern French gauger; equivalent to gauge + -en (infinitival suffix).

(transitive) To formally measure; make a measurement of.


clokken

clokken (third-person singular simple present clokketh, present participle clokkende, clokkynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle clokked)

clokketh (present singular third-person)
clokkende (participle present)
clokkynge (participle present)
clokked (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
clokken (infinitive)
to clokken (infinitive)
clokke (infinitive)
clokke (first-person present singular)
clokked (first-person past singular)
clokkest (present second-person singular)
clokkedest (past second-person singular)
clokketh (present singular third-person)
clokked (past singular third-person)
clokke (present singular subjunctive)
clokked (past singular subjunctive)
clokke (imperative present singular)
clokken (plural present)
clokke (plural present)
clokkeden (past plural)
clokkede (past plural)
clokketh (imperative plural present)
clokke (imperative plural present)
clokkynge (participle present)
clokkende (participle present)
clokked (participle past)
yclokked (participle past)
clocken (alternative)
cloken (alternative)
clokkyn (alternative)

English: clock; cluck

Middle Scots: clock, cloik

Scots: clock, cloak

From Old English cloccian, from Proto-West Germanic *klukkwōn, from Proto-Germanic *klukkwōną.


knawe

(Kent, Northern) alternative form of knowen (“to know”)


waynen

waynen (infinitive)
to waynen (infinitive)
wayne (infinitive)
wayne (first-person present singular)
wayned (first-person past singular)
waynest (present second-person singular)
waynedest (past second-person singular)
wayneth (present singular third-person)
wayned (past singular third-person)
wayne (present singular subjunctive)
wayned (past singular subjunctive)
wayne (imperative present singular)
waynen (plural present)
wayne (plural present)
wayneden (past plural)
waynede (past plural)
wayneth (imperative plural present)
wayne (imperative plural present)
waynynge (participle present)
waynende (participle present)
wayned (participle past)
ywayned (participle past)
wainen (alternative)
weynen (alternative)
wayne (alternative)
veine (alternative)
veyne (alternative)
waȝȝnenn (alternative)

English: wain (in part)

Scots: wain, wane

(transitive) To move or transport by wagon or cart.

(transitive, Late Middle English) To send or deliver.

(transitive, Late Middle English) To renounce or reject (for semantic development see give up)


waynen

waynen (infinitive)
to waynen (infinitive)
wayne (infinitive)
wayne (first-person present singular)
wayned (first-person past singular)
waynest (present second-person singular)
waynedest (past second-person singular)
wayneth (present singular third-person)
wayned (past singular third-person)
wayne (present singular subjunctive)
wayned (past singular subjunctive)
wayne (imperative present singular)
waynen (plural present)
wayne (plural present)
wayneden (past plural)
waynede (past plural)
wayneth (imperative plural present)
wayne (imperative plural present)
waynynge (participle present)
waynende (participle present)
wayned (participle past)
ywayned (participle past)
wayne (alternative)

English: wain (in part)

(transitive) To move away, leave, abscond.


gaynen

gaynen (third-person singular simple present gayneth, present participle gaynende, gaynynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle gayned)

gayneth (present singular third-person)
gaynende (participle present)
gaynynge (participle present)
gayned (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
gaynen (infinitive)
to gaynen (infinitive)
gayne (infinitive)
gayne (first-person present singular)
gayned (first-person past singular)
gaynest (present second-person singular)
gaynedest (past second-person singular)
gayneth (present singular third-person)
gayned (past singular third-person)
gayne (present singular subjunctive)
gayned (past singular subjunctive)
gayne (imperative present singular)
gaynen (plural present)
gayne (plural present)
gayneden (past plural)
gaynede (past plural)
gayneth (imperative plural present)
gayne (imperative plural present)
gaynynge (participle present)
gaynende (participle present)
gayned (participle past)
ygayned (participle past)
geinen (alternative)
geynen (alternative)
gain (alternative Northern)
gaine (alternative Northern)
gayne (alternative Northern)
gane (alternative Late-Middle-English)
ꟑeȝȝnenn (alternative Ormulum)

English: gayne (obsolete)

Borrowed from Old Norse gegna; equivalent to gayn + -en (infinitival suffix).

(ambitransitive) To be helpful, to help or aid.

(transitive) To win against, gain victory over.

(ambitransitive) To be proper or right for the situation.


keorven

(Early Middle English) alternative form of kerven


forkerven

forkerven (infinitive)
to forkerven (infinitive)
forkerve (infinitive)
forkerve (first-person present singular)
forcarf (first-person past singular)
forkervest (present second-person singular)
forcurve (past second-person singular)
forcorve (past second-person singular)
forcarf (past second-person singular)
forkerveth (present singular third-person)
forcarf (past singular third-person)
forkerve (present singular subjunctive)
forcurve (past singular subjunctive)
forcorve (past singular subjunctive)
forkerve (imperative present singular)
forkerven (plural present)
forkerve (plural present)
forcurven (past plural)
forcurve (past plural)
forcorven (past plural)
forcorve (past plural)
forkerveth (imperative plural present)
forkerve (imperative plural present)
forkervynge (participle present)
forkervende (participle present)
forcorven (participle past)
forcorve (participle past)

English: forcarve

From Old English forċeorfan. Equivalent to for- + kerven.

To divide, separate, cleave (in two pieces)

(rare, medicine) To make soft, to disintegrate


barneschen

barneschen (infinitive)
to barneschen (infinitive)
barnesche (infinitive)
barnesche (first-person present singular)
barnesched (first-person past singular)
barneschest (present second-person singular)
barneschedest (past second-person singular)
barnescheth (present singular third-person)
barnesched (past singular third-person)
barnesche (present singular subjunctive)
barnesched (past singular subjunctive)
barnesche (imperative present singular)
barneschen (plural present)
barnesche (plural present)
barnescheden (past plural)
barneschede (past plural)
barnescheth (imperative plural present)
barnesche (imperative plural present)
barneschynge (participle present)
barneschende (participle present)
barnesched (participle past)
ybarnesched (participle past)
barnesche (alternative)
barnisch (alternative)
barnysshen (alternative)

Unknown; probably related to barn (“child”).

(Late Middle English, rare) To develop a visible pregnancy.

(Late Middle English, rare) To become mighty.


temyn

alternative form of temen (“to give birth, to support”)


temyn

alternative form of temen (“to drain, to empty”)


tæmenn

(Ormulum) alternative form of temen (“to bear, to support”)


gestyn

alternative form of gesten (“to read poetry”)


gestenen

gestenen (infinitive)
to gestenen (infinitive)
gestene (infinitive)
gestene (first-person present singular)
gestened (first-person past singular)
gestenest (present second-person singular)
gestenedest (past second-person singular)
gesteneth (present singular third-person)
gestened (past singular third-person)
gestene (present singular subjunctive)
gestened (past singular subjunctive)
gestene (imperative present singular)
gestenen (plural present)
gestene (plural present)
gesteneden (past plural)
gestenede (past plural)
gesteneth (imperative plural present)
gestene (imperative plural present)
gestenynge (participle present)
gestenende (participle present)
gestened (participle past)
ygestened (participle past)
gesten (alternative)
gestenyn (alternative)
gestyn (alternative)
gaystyn (alternative)
geystyn (alternative)
gistni (alternative)
gestnin (alternative)
gistnen (alternative)
gestene (alternative)

English: gesten, guesten

Probably from an Old Norse form; in any case equivalent to gest (“guest”) + -enen.

To provide accommodation or hospitality for a visitor.

To stay in accommodation; to be a guest.


meassen

alternative form of messen (“to hold mass”)


bracen

bracen (infinitive)
to bracen (infinitive)
brace (infinitive)
brace (first-person present singular)
braced (first-person past singular)
bracest (present second-person singular)
bracedest (past second-person singular)
braceth (present singular third-person)
braced (past singular third-person)
brace (present singular subjunctive)
braced (past singular subjunctive)
brace (imperative present singular)
bracen (plural present)
brace (plural present)
braceden (past plural)
bracede (past plural)
braceth (imperative plural present)
brace (imperative plural present)
bracynge (participle present)
bracende (participle present)
braced (participle past)
ybraced (participle past)
brase (alternative)
bras (alternative)
bracyn (alternative)
brasyn (alternative)
brace (alternative)

English: brace

From Old French bracier, from brace; equivalent to brace + -en (infinitival suffix).

To attach or connect two objects to each other.

(rare) To cover or surround with a cover; to veil.


glasyn

alternative form of glasen (“to glaze”, verb)


baptisen

baptisen (infinitive)
to baptisen (infinitive)
baptise (infinitive)
baptise (first-person present singular)
baptised (first-person past singular)
baptisest (present second-person singular)
baptisedest (past second-person singular)
baptiseth (present singular third-person)
baptised (past singular third-person)
baptise (present singular subjunctive)
baptised (past singular subjunctive)
baptise (imperative present singular)
baptisen (plural present)
baptise (plural present)
baptiseden (past plural)
baptisede (past plural)
baptiseth (imperative plural present)
baptise (imperative plural present)
baptisynge (participle present)
baptisende (participle present)
baptised (participle past)
ybaptised (participle past)
baptis (alternative)
baptise (alternative)
baptisi (alternative)
baptize (alternative)
baptizen (alternative)

English: baptize, baptise

Scots: bapteese

Borrowed from Old French baptiser, batisier, from Ecclesiastical Latin, Late Latin baptizare, from Ancient Greek βαπτίζω (baptízō, “to immerse, plunge, baptize”).

der

To baptise, christen (perform a baptism).


baptisynge

baptisingue (alternative)
baptisenge (alternative)
baptiseng (alternative)
baptizyng (alternative)


cristenen

cristenen (infinitive)
to cristenen (infinitive)
cristene (infinitive)
cristene (first-person present singular)
cristened (first-person past singular)
cristenest (present second-person singular)
cristenedest (past second-person singular)
cristeneth (present singular third-person)
cristened (past singular third-person)
cristene (present singular subjunctive)
cristened (past singular subjunctive)
cristene (imperative present singular)
cristenen (plural present)
cristene (plural present)
cristeneden (past plural)
cristenede (past plural)
cristeneth (imperative plural present)
cristene (imperative plural present)
cristenynge (participle present)
cristenende (participle present)
cristened (participle past)
ycristened (participle past)
cristnien (alternative)
cristnen (alternative)
cristene (alternative)
cristen (alternative)
cristni (alternative)
cristeny (alternative)
cristnye (alternative)
cryston (alternative)
crystnen (alternative)

English: christen

Scots: kirsten

From Old English crīstnian; equivalent to Christen + -enen.

To baptize, christen (perform a baptism)

To make Christian; win over to Christianity.


cristenynge

Inherited from Old English cristnung; equivalent to Christen + -ing.

cristening (alternative)
cristenyng (alternative)
cristninge (alternative)
cristnyng (alternative)
crystenyng (alternative)
crystynning (alternative)


shryven

shryven (infinitive)
to shryven (infinitive)
shryve (infinitive)
shryve (first-person present singular)
shrof (first-person past singular)
shryvest (present second-person singular)
shrove (past second-person singular)
shryve (past second-person singular)
shreve (past second-person singular)
shrof (past second-person singular)
shryveth (present singular third-person)
shrof (past singular third-person)
shryve (present singular subjunctive)
shrove (past singular subjunctive)
shryve (past singular subjunctive)
shreve (past singular subjunctive)
shryve (imperative present singular)
shryven (plural present)
shryve (plural present)
shroven (past plural)
shrove (past plural)
shryven (past plural)
shryve (past plural)
shreven (past plural)
shreve (past plural)
shryveth (imperative plural present)
shryve (imperative plural present)
shryvynge (participle present)
shryvende (participle present)
shryven (participle past)
shryve (participle past)
shreven (participle past)
shreve (participle past)
schriven (alternative)
shriven (alternative)
schrifen (alternative)
schrevyn (alternative)
schryfen (alternative)
schryvyn (alternative)
sriven (alternative)
shrive (alternative)
shrife (alternative)

English: shrive

Scots: schrive, shrive (all archaic)

From Old English sċrīfan, from Proto-West Germanic *skrīban.

To listen to or hear the sacrament of confession.

To impose either penance or absolution in response to a confession.

(usually in translation) To give thanks to God.


sherten

sherten (infinitive)
to sherten (infinitive)
sherte (infinitive)
sherte (first-person present singular)
sherted (first-person past singular)
shertest (present second-person singular)
shertedest (past second-person singular)
sherteth (present singular third-person)
sherted (past singular third-person)
sherte (present singular subjunctive)
sherted (past singular subjunctive)
sherte (imperative present singular)
sherten (plural present)
sherte (plural present)
sherteden (past plural)
shertede (past plural)
sherteth (imperative plural present)
sherte (imperative plural present)
shertynge (participle present)
shertende (participle present)
sherted (participle past)
ysherted (participle past)
shirten (alternative)
shorten (alternative)

English: shirt

(rare) To cover (something) in a manner reminiscent of a shirt.


shirten

shirten (infinitive)
to shirten (infinitive)
shirte (infinitive)
shirte (first-person present singular)
shirted (first-person past singular)
shirtest (present second-person singular)
shirtedest (past second-person singular)
shirteth (present singular third-person)
shirted (past singular third-person)
shirte (present singular subjunctive)
shirted (past singular subjunctive)
shirte (imperative present singular)
shirten (plural present)
shirte (plural present)
shirteden (past plural)
shirtede (past plural)
shirteth (imperative plural present)
shirte (imperative plural present)
shirtynge (participle present)
shirtende (participle present)
shirted (participle past)
yshirted (participle past)
shurtten (alternative)

English: shurt (obsolete)

(reflexive, rare) To entertain; to not be bored.


schiren

schiren (infinitive)
to schiren (infinitive)
schire (infinitive)
schire (first-person present singular)
schired (first-person past singular)
schirest (present second-person singular)
schiredest (past second-person singular)
schireth (present singular third-person)
schired (past singular third-person)
schire (present singular subjunctive)
schired (past singular subjunctive)
schire (imperative present singular)
schiren (plural present)
schire (plural present)
schireden (past plural)
schirede (past plural)
schireth (imperative plural present)
schire (imperative plural present)
schirynge (participle present)
schirende (participle present)
schired (participle past)
yschired (participle past)
sciren (alternative)
shire (alternative)

English: shire (obsolete)

From Old English sċīran, from Proto-Germanic *skīrijaną. Doublet of skyren.

(rare) To cleanse (especially referring to sins)


skyren

skyren (infinitive)
to skyren (infinitive)
skyre (infinitive)
skyre (first-person present singular)
skyred (first-person past singular)
skyrest (present second-person singular)
skyredest (past second-person singular)
skyreth (present singular third-person)
skyred (past singular third-person)
skyre (present singular subjunctive)
skyred (past singular subjunctive)
skyre (imperative present singular)
skyren (plural present)
skyre (plural present)
skyreden (past plural)
skyrede (past plural)
skyreth (imperative plural present)
skyre (imperative plural present)
skyrynge (participle present)
skyrende (participle present)
skyred (participle past)
yskyred (participle past)
skir (alternative)

English: skire (obsolete)

From Old Norse skíra, from Proto-Germanic *skīrijaną. Doublet of schiren.

(rare) To undergo spiritual purification.


floteren

floteren (infinitive)
to floteren (infinitive)
flotere (infinitive)
flotere (first-person present singular)
flotered (first-person past singular)
floterest (present second-person singular)
floteredest (past second-person singular)
flotereth (present singular third-person)
flotered (past singular third-person)
flotere (present singular subjunctive)
flotered (past singular subjunctive)
flotere (imperative present singular)
floteren (plural present)
flotere (plural present)
flotereden (past plural)
floterede (past plural)
flotereth (imperative plural present)
flotere (imperative plural present)
floterynge (participle present)
floterende (participle present)
flotered (participle past)
yflotered (participle past)
flooteren (alternative)
floter (alternative)
floteryn (alternative)

English: flutter

To be held up or be supported by water; to float.

(rare) To be held up or be supported by air; to fly in an erratic manner.

(rare) To lack a consistent opinion; to constantly change one's mind.

(rare) To change constantly; be in eternal motion.


fonnen

fonnen (infinitive)
to fonnen (infinitive)
fonne (infinitive)
fonne (first-person present singular)
fonned (first-person past singular)
fonnest (present second-person singular)
fonnedest (past second-person singular)
fonneth (present singular third-person)
fonned (past singular third-person)
fonne (present singular subjunctive)
fonned (past singular subjunctive)
fonne (imperative present singular)
fonnen (plural present)
fonne (plural present)
fonneden (past plural)
fonnede (past plural)
fonneth (imperative plural present)
fonne (imperative plural present)
fonnynge (participle present)
fonnende (participle present)
fonned (participle past)
yfonned (participle past)
fon (alternative)
fonne (alternative)

English: fon

Unknown; perhaps related to fonne (“idiot”).

(Late Middle English) To be insane, stupid, or ridiculous.

(Late Middle English) To trick or misguide.


venymen

enm-verb

venymen (third-person singular simple present venymeth, present participle venymende, venymynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle venymed)

venymeth (present singular third-person)
venymende (participle present)
venymynge (participle present)
venymed (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
venymen (infinitive)
to venymen (infinitive)
venyme (infinitive)
venyme (first-person present singular)
venymed (first-person past singular)
venymest (present second-person singular)
venymedest (past second-person singular)
venymeth (present singular third-person)
venymed (past singular third-person)
venyme (present singular subjunctive)
venymed (past singular subjunctive)
venyme (imperative present singular)
venymen (plural present)
venyme (plural present)
venymeden (past plural)
venymede (past plural)
venymeth (imperative plural present)
venyme (imperative plural present)
venymynge (participle present)
venymende (participle present)
venymed (participle past)
yvenymed (participle past)
veneme (alternative)
venemen (alternative)
venemyn (alternative)
venum (alternative)
venym (alternative)
venyme (alternative)

English: venom (obsolete as a verb)

Borrowed from Old French venimer; equivalent to venym + -en (infinitival suffix).

To envenom; to use venom or poison to kill or injure.

To smear with venom or poison; to make poisonous.

To spread disease or malignancy; to bring ruin or discord.

To plant sinful ideas, corruption, or evil in a person or group of people.


envenymen

envenymen (third-person singular simple present envenymeth, present participle envenymende, envenymynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle envenymed)

envenymeth (present singular third-person)
envenymende (participle present)
envenymynge (participle present)
envenymed (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
envenimen (infinitive)
to envenimen (infinitive)
envenime (infinitive)
envenime (first-person present singular)
envenimed (first-person past singular)
envenimest (present second-person singular)
envenimedest (past second-person singular)
envenimeth (present singular third-person)
envenimed (past singular third-person)
envenime (present singular subjunctive)
envenimed (past singular subjunctive)
envenime (imperative present singular)
envenimen (plural present)
envenime (plural present)
envenimeden (past plural)
envenimede (past plural)
envenimeth (imperative plural present)
envenime (imperative plural present)
envenimynge (participle present)
envenimende (participle present)
envenimed (participle past)
anvenymen (alternative)
envenimen (alternative)
envenomen (alternative)
envenommen (alternative)
envenyme (alternative)
invenymyn (alternative)

English: envenom

Borrowed from Old French envenimer; equivalent to en- + venym + -en (infinitival suffix).


lynde

alternative form of lenden (“to come, dwell”)


tylle

alternative form of tillen (“to enthrall”)


tilen

alternative form of tillen (“to stretch”)


tilyen

tilyen (infinitive)
to tilyen (infinitive)
tilye (infinitive)
tilye (first-person present singular)
tilyed (first-person past singular)
tilyest (present second-person singular)
tilyedest (past second-person singular)
tilyeth (present singular third-person)
tilyed (past singular third-person)
tilye (present singular subjunctive)
tilyed (past singular subjunctive)
tilye (imperative present singular)
tilyen (plural present)
tilye (plural present)
tilyeden (past plural)
tilyede (past plural)
tilyeth (imperative plural present)
tilye (imperative plural present)
tilyynge (participle present)
tilyende (participle present)
tilyed (participle past)
ytilyed (participle past)
tillen (alternative)
tyll (alternative)
tylle (alternative)
tilen (alternative)
tylen (alternative)
tyllen (alternative)
tilie (alternative)
tilye (alternative)
tillien (alternative)
tulye (alternative)
tylyyn (alternative)
tilien (alternative)
teolien (alternative)
tolien (alternative)
tulien (alternative)
telien (alternative)
tolen (alternative)

English: till

Scots: tele, teel, teil

From Old English tilian, from Proto-Germanic *tilōną. Compare toilen.

To cultivate or ready soil for planting; to till.

To plough soil; to make indentations in it with a plough.

To grow or nurture agricultural produce or any other plant.

To create a conducive environment for; to nurture.

To struggle for; labour for; perform work for.

(rare) To open up land for future tilling; to clear land.

(rare) To rid of or eliminate disease or illness.


toilen

toilen (infinitive)
to toilen (infinitive)
toile (infinitive)
toile (first-person present singular)
toiled (first-person past singular)
toilest (present second-person singular)
toiledest (past second-person singular)
toileth (present singular third-person)
toiled (past singular third-person)
toile (present singular subjunctive)
toiled (past singular subjunctive)
toile (imperative present singular)
toilen (plural present)
toile (plural present)
toileden (past plural)
toilede (past plural)
toileth (imperative plural present)
toile (imperative plural present)
toilynge (participle present)
toilende (participle present)
toiled (participle past)
ytoiled (participle past)
toylen (alternative)
toile (alternative)
tull (alternative)
toille (alternative)
tolyon (alternative)
tolyn (alternative)
tolyyn (alternative)
tulyn (alternative)

English: toil

Scots: toil, tulyie, tulȝe

Most likely from Anglo-Norman toilier, but possibly from Middle Dutch tuylen. Compare tilyen.

To fight, war, attack; to participate in a conflict.

To enter into a legal case; to debate or promote a view.

To toil, exert oneself; to perform agricultural work.

To drag, draw; to forcibly move towards oneself.

(cooking) To combine the components of a meal.

(rare) To promote anguish or distraughtness; to taunt or bully.


ȝeteþ

ȝeteð (alternative)
ȝeteth (alternative)
ȝetes (alternative)
ȝet (alternative)

third-person singular present indicative of ȝeten


yeten

yeten (third-person singular simple present yeteth, present participle yetende, yetynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative yet, past participle yoten)

yeteth (present singular third-person)
yetende (participle present)
yetynge (participle present)
yet (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
yoten (participle past)
yeten (infinitive)
to yeten (infinitive)
yete (infinitive)
yete (first-person present singular)
yet (first-person past singular)
yeted (first-person past singular)
yetest (present second-person singular)
yote (past second-person singular)
yet (past second-person singular)
yetedest (past second-person singular)
yeteth (present singular third-person)
yet (past singular third-person)
yeted (past singular third-person)
yete (present singular subjunctive)
yote (past singular subjunctive)
yeted (past singular subjunctive)
yete (imperative present singular)
yeten (plural present)
yete (plural present)
yoten (past plural)
yote (past plural)
yeteden (past plural)
yetede (past plural)
yeteth (imperative plural present)
yete (imperative plural present)
yetynge (participle present)
yetende (participle present)
yoten (participle past)
yote (participle past)
yeted (participle past)
yyoten (participle past)
yyote (participle past)
yyeted (participle past)
geten (alternative)
yetten (alternative)
ȝeten (alternative)
ȝetten (alternative)
ȝeoten (alternative)
geoten (alternative)

English: yet, ewte (dialectal), yete (obsolete), yeet

Scots: ȝet, yet, yat

q

via past participle <i class="Latn mention" lang="enm">yoten</i>

⇒ English: yote (via past participle yoten) (dialectal)

From Old English gēotan, from Proto-West Germanic *geutan.

(transitive) To pour out from a container.

(transitive, medicine) To emit fluid from the body.

(transitive, figurative) To send out, to send forth; to express.

(transitive, medicine) to administer medication by drop or injection.

(transitive, chemistry) To melt or soften; to dissolve.

(transitive, smithing) To cast; to found.

(transitive) To take out for use; to brandish.


yeten

yeten (infinitive)
to yeten (infinitive)
yete (infinitive)
yete (first-person present singular)
yeted (first-person past singular)
yetest (present second-person singular)
yetedest (past second-person singular)
yeteth (present singular third-person)
yeted (past singular third-person)
yete (present singular subjunctive)
yeted (past singular subjunctive)
yete (imperative present singular)
yeten (plural present)
yete (plural present)
yeteden (past plural)
yetede (past plural)
yeteth (imperative plural present)
yete (imperative plural present)
yetynge (participle present)
yetende (participle present)
yeted (participle past)
yyeted (participle past)
ȝeten (alternative)
ȝeetyn (alternative)

English: yeet

From ye (“you (plural)”) + -ten (“causative suffix”).

af

To address someone with "ye", i.e. with formality or politeness


thouten

From thou (“you (singular)”) + -ten (“causative suffix”).

þowten (alternative)
thowtyn (alternative)
þowtyn (alternative)
thowton (alternative)
þowton (alternative)

To address someone with "thou", i.e. with familiarity or informality.


thouen

From thou (“you (singular)”) + -en (“infinitive marker”).

thowyn (alternative)
thou (alternative)
thew (alternative)
thuy (alternative)


berwen

berwen (infinitive)
to berwen (infinitive)
berwe (infinitive)
berwe (first-person present singular)
bargh (first-person past singular)
berwest (present second-person singular)
borwe (past second-person singular)
bargh (past second-person singular)
berweth (present singular third-person)
bargh (past singular third-person)
berwe (present singular subjunctive)
borwe (past singular subjunctive)
berwe (imperative present singular)
berwen (plural present)
berwe (plural present)
borwen (past plural)
borwe (past plural)
berweth (imperative plural present)
berwe (imperative plural present)
berwynge (participle present)
berwende (participle present)
borwen (participle past)
borwe (participle past)
yborwen (participle past)
yborwe (participle past)
berȝen (alternative)
bergen (alternative)
berghen (alternative)
beregen (alternative)
berrȝhenn (alternative)

From Old English beorgan; equivalent to berg + -en (infinitival suffix). Cognate with Dutch bergen (“to store, save, rescue”), German bergen (“to salvage, recover, hise, rescue, save”), Icelandic bjarga (“to save”).


berien

berien (infinitive)
to berien (infinitive)
berie (infinitive)
berie (first-person present singular)
beried (first-person past singular)
beriest (present second-person singular)
beriedest (past second-person singular)
berieth (present singular third-person)
beried (past singular third-person)
berie (present singular subjunctive)
beried (past singular subjunctive)
berie (imperative present singular)
berien (plural present)
berie (plural present)
berieden (past plural)
beriede (past plural)
berieth (imperative plural present)
berie (imperative plural present)
beriynge (participle present)
beriende (participle present)
beried (participle past)
yberied (participle past)
burien (alternative)
birien (alternative)
burye (alternative)
byryen (alternative)
beryen (alternative)
burren (alternative)

English: bury

Scots: buiry

From Old English byrġan, byriġan, from Proto-Germanic *burgijaną. Doublet of bargaynen.

To hide; make non-visible by means of covering.

(rare) To practice the ceremony associated with burial.


toumbe

enm-verb

toumbe (third-person singular simple present toumbeth, present participle toumbende, toumbynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle toumbed)

toumbeth (present singular third-person)
toumbende (participle present)
toumbynge (participle present)
toumbed (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)


towmben

towmben (third-person singular simple present towmbeth, present participle towmbende, towmbynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle towmbed)

towmbeth (present singular third-person)
towmbende (participle present)
towmbynge (participle present)
towmbed (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)


toumben

toumben (third-person singular simple present toumbeth, present participle toumbende, toumbynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle toumbed)


bargaynen

bargaynen (infinitive)
to bargaynen (infinitive)
bargayne (infinitive)
bargayne (first-person present singular)
bargayned (first-person past singular)
bargaynest (present second-person singular)
bargaynedest (past second-person singular)
bargayneth (present singular third-person)
bargayned (past singular third-person)
bargayne (present singular subjunctive)
bargayned (past singular subjunctive)
bargayne (imperative present singular)
bargaynen (plural present)
bargayne (plural present)
bargayneden (past plural)
bargaynede (past plural)
bargayneth (imperative plural present)
bargayne (imperative plural present)
bargaynynge (participle present)
bargaynende (participle present)
bargayned (participle past)
ybargayned (participle past)
bargayne (alternative)
bargenen (alternative)
bargeynen (alternative)

English: bargain

Scots: bargain

→ Welsh: bargeinio

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman bargaigner, from Frankish *borganjan, from Proto-Germanic *burgijaną. Doublet of berien.

To bargain; to engage in negotiations over a sale.

(rare) To make a sale; to agree on a bargain.


bargaynynge

barganynge (alternative)
bargaynyng (alternative)
bargenyng (alternative)
bargeynyng (alternative)
bergaynyng (alternative)


whele

alternative form of whelen (“to rotate”)


whelyn

whelyn (infinitive)
to whelyn (infinitive)
whele (infinitive)
whele (first-person present singular)
wheled (first-person past singular)
whelest (present second-person singular)
wheledest (past second-person singular)
wheleth (present singular third-person)
wheled (past singular third-person)
whele (present singular subjunctive)
wheled (past singular subjunctive)
whele (imperative present singular)
whelen (plural present)
whele (plural present)
wheleden (past plural)
whelede (past plural)
wheleth (imperative plural present)
whele (imperative plural present)
whelynge (participle present)
whelende (participle present)
wheled (participle past)
ywheled (participle past)

English: wheal

From Old English hwelian; equivalent to whele (“boil”) + -en (infinitival suffix).

af

(medicine, rare) To become pustulous and swollen.

(medicine, rare) To become septic and infected.


whelen

enm-verb

whelen (third-person singular simple present hweleth, present participle hwelende, hwelynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle hweled)

hweleth (present singular third-person)
hwelende (participle present)
hwelynge (participle present)
hweled (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
whelen (infinitive)
to whelen (infinitive)
whele (infinitive)
whele (first-person present singular)
wheled (first-person past singular)
whelest (present second-person singular)
wheledest (past second-person singular)
wheleth (present singular third-person)
wheled (past singular third-person)
whele (present singular subjunctive)
wheled (past singular subjunctive)
whele (imperative present singular)
whelen (plural present)
whele (plural present)
wheleden (past plural)
whelede (past plural)
wheleth (imperative plural present)
whele (imperative plural present)
whelynge (participle present)
whelende (participle present)
wheled (participle past)
ywheled (participle past)
whele (alternative)
whielen (alternative)
whilen (alternative)
quhelen (alternative)

English: wheel

Scots: wheel

From whel (“wheel”) + -en (infinitival suffix).

af

(rare) To rotate; move in a circular motion.

(rare) To stretch or extend in a circular motion.


spurnen

spurnen (infinitive)
to spurnen (infinitive)
spurne (infinitive)
spurne (first-person present singular)
spurned (first-person past singular)
spurnest (present second-person singular)
spurnedest (past second-person singular)
spurneth (present singular third-person)
spurned (past singular third-person)
spurne (present singular subjunctive)
spurned (past singular subjunctive)
spurne (imperative present singular)
spurnen (plural present)
spurne (plural present)
spurneden (past plural)
spurnede (past plural)
spurneth (imperative plural present)
spurne (imperative plural present)
spurnynge (participle present)
spurnende (participle present)
spurned (participle past)
yspurned (participle past)
sporne (alternative)
spornen (alternative)
spournen (alternative)
spurn (alternative)
spurne (alternative)
spyrnen (alternative)

English: spurn

Scots: spurn

Inherited from Old English spornan, spurnan, from Proto-West Germanic *spurnan, from Proto-Germanic *spurnaną; equivalent to spurn (“stumbling”) + -en (infinitival suffix).

The myller spurnde on a stone. / And downe he fyl backwarde upon his wyfe

1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Reues Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC:

To fall over, to misstep; to bump into something.

(rare) To scorn; to hold in low regard or standing.

(rare) To make a mistake or error; to mischoose.


spurnynge

spornyng (alternative)
spurnyng (alternative)


harneysen

harneysen (infinitive)
to harneysen (infinitive)
harneyse (infinitive)
harneyse (first-person present singular)
harneysed (first-person past singular)
harneysest (present second-person singular)
harneysedest (past second-person singular)
harneyseth (present singular third-person)
harneysed (past singular third-person)
harneyse (present singular subjunctive)
harneysed (past singular subjunctive)
harneyse (imperative present singular)
harneysen (plural present)
harneyse (plural present)
harneyseden (past plural)
harneysede (past plural)
harneyseth (imperative plural present)
harneyse (imperative plural present)
harneysynge (participle present)
harneysende (participle present)
harneysed (participle past)
yharneysed (participle past)
hernessen (alternative)
harnessen (alternative)
harneysyn (alternative)
herneysen (alternative)
harneyschen (alternative)
harnysshen (alternative)
harnysen (alternative)
harneschen (alternative)
harnaysen (alternative)
harnesse (alternative)
harnes (alternative)
harnas (alternative)

English: harness

Scots: harnish, herness

From Anglo-Norman harneschier; equivalent to harneys (“gear, equipment”) + -en (infinitival suffix). Some forms are remodelled on harneys.

To don armour and arm oneself; to prepare for battle.

To decorate a weapon, tool, or other item.

(Late Middle English) To restrain an animal used as a mount or a beast of burden.

(rare, Late Middle English) To wear clothing or garments.


walen

walen (infinitive)
to walen (infinitive)
wale (infinitive)
wale (first-person present singular)
waled (first-person past singular)
walest (present second-person singular)
waledest (past second-person singular)
waleth (present singular third-person)
waled (past singular third-person)
wale (present singular subjunctive)
waled (past singular subjunctive)
wale (imperative present singular)
walen (plural present)
wale (plural present)
waleden (past plural)
walede (past plural)
waleth (imperative plural present)
wale (imperative plural present)
walynge (participle present)
walende (participle present)
waled (participle past)
ywaled (participle past)
wale (alternative)

English: wale

Scots: wale

From wale (“selection, preference”) + -en (infinitival suffix).

(rare) to come across, notice, or find (using one's vision)


walen

English: wale

From wale (“wheal, welt”) + -en (infinitival suffix).


mowsyn

mowsyn (infinitive)
to mowsyn (infinitive)
mowse (infinitive)
mowse (first-person present singular)
mowsed (first-person past singular)
mowsest (present second-person singular)
mowsedest (past second-person singular)
mowseth (present singular third-person)
mowsed (past singular third-person)
mowse (present singular subjunctive)
mowsed (past singular subjunctive)
mowse (imperative present singular)
mowsen (plural present)
mowse (plural present)
mowseden (past plural)
mowsede (past plural)
mowseth (imperative plural present)
mowse (imperative plural present)
mowsynge (participle present)
mowsende (participle present)
mowsed (participle past)
ymowsed (participle past)
musen (alternative)

English: mouse