wissen

Or we depart I shal thee so wel wisse / That of min hous ne shalt thou never misse

1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Freres Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC:

1475, [unknown translator], Sidrak and Bokkus, translation of Livre de la fontaine de toutes sciences
Shullen men chastice wymmen and wisse / Wiþ betyng whan þei done amisse?

(please add an English translation of this quotation)


beten

enm-verb

beten (third-person singular simple present beteth, present participle betynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative bet, past participle beten)

beteth (present singular third-person)
betynge (participle present)
bet (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
beten (participle past)
beten (infinitive)
to beten (infinitive)
bete (infinitive)
bete (first-person present singular)
bet (first-person past singular)
bette (first-person past singular)
betest (present second-person singular)
bete (past second-person singular)
bet (past second-person singular)
bettest (past second-person singular)
beteth (present singular third-person)
bet (past singular third-person)
bette (past singular third-person)
bete (present singular subjunctive)
bete (past singular subjunctive)
bette (past singular subjunctive)
bete (imperative present singular)
beten (plural present)
bete (plural present)
beten (past plural)
bete (past plural)
betten (past plural)
bette (past plural)
beteth (imperative plural present)
bete (imperative plural present)
betynge (participle present)
betende (participle present)
beten (participle past)
bete (participle past)
bet (participle past)
ybeten (participle past)
ybete (participle past)
beete (alternative)
bet (alternative)
bete (alternative)
betyn (alternative)
beytt (alternative)
beaten (alternative Early-Middle-English)
byete (alternative Kent)

desctree

English: beat
→ Pennsylvania German: biede

Scots: beat, beit

Inherited from Old English bēatan, from Proto-West Germanic *bautan, from Proto-Germanic *bautaną, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰewd-.

To hit or whip; to attack with a blunt weapon or the hands:

To beat; to repeatedly strike or hit:
To bombard or strike with projectiles.

(of the weather) To violently or furiously assail.

To beat; to repeatedly strike or hit:
To violently or furiously assail.

To beat; to repeatedly strike or hit:
To bat (wings or eyes) up and down.

To beat; to repeatedly strike or hit:
(rare) To strike cloth or tow.

To beat; to repeatedly strike or hit:
To strike cloth or tow.

To (repeatedly or violently) press, pound or whack:

To strike metal into shape; to perform metalworking.

To throb or vibrate; to make a regular pulse.

(rare) To thresh; to separate grain from the chaff.

(especially cooking) To crush, grind or mix; to cause to lose form.

To decorate with embroidery, metalwork, or paintwork.

(figurative) To inflict punishment upon someone.

(rare) To be near or adjacent; to border.

(of a quarry, rare) To enter a waterbody so a hunting hound loses scent.

(figurative, rare) To talk or converse about.


beten

enm-verb

beten (third-person singular simple present beteth, present participle betynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative bette, past participle bet)

beteth (present singular third-person)
betynge (participle present)
bette (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
bet (participle past)
beten (infinitive)
to beten (infinitive)
bete (infinitive)
bete (first-person present singular)
bette (first-person past singular)
bete (first-person past singular)
betest (present second-person singular)
bettest (past second-person singular)
betest (past second-person singular)
beteth (present singular third-person)
bette (past singular third-person)
bete (past singular third-person)
bete (present singular subjunctive)
bette (past singular subjunctive)
bete (past singular subjunctive)
bete (imperative present singular)
beten (plural present)
bete (plural present)
betten (past plural)
bette (past plural)
beten (past plural)
bete (past plural)
beteth (imperative plural present)
bete (imperative plural present)
betynge (participle present)
betende (participle present)
bet (participle past)
ybet (participle past)
beete (alternative)
bete (alternative)
bett (alternative)
betten (alternative)
beytt (alternative)
betenn (alternative Early-Middle-English)
beote (alternative Early-Middle-English)

English: beet (dialectal, obsolete)

Scots: bete, beit, beet, beat

Inherited from Old English bētan, from Proto-West Germanic *bōtijan, from Proto-Germanic *bōtijaną; some forms are remodelled on bet (“better”).

To alleviate or cure; to remove a condition.

To fix or mend; to perform repairs to.
To reassure; to free from distress.

To expiate; to make amends for a sin or wrong.

To start or add fuel to a fire; to stoke.

(figuratively) To rouse or stir (a feeling)


haven

haven (third-person singular simple present hath, present participle havynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative hadde, past participle had)

hath (present singular third-person)
havynge (participle present)
hadde (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
had (participle past)
haven (infinitive)
to haven (infinitive)
have (infinitive)
have (first-person present singular)
hadde (first-person past singular)
haved (first-person past singular)
havest (present second-person singular)
haddest (past second-person singular)
havedest (past second-person singular)
haveth (present singular third-person)
hadde (past singular third-person)
haved (past singular third-person)
have (present singular subjunctive)
hadde (past singular subjunctive)
haved (past singular subjunctive)
have (imperative present singular)
haven (plural present)
have (plural present)
hadden (past plural)
hadde (past plural)
haveden (past plural)
havede (past plural)
haveth (imperative plural present)
have (imperative plural present)
havynge (participle present)
havende (participle present)
had (participle past)
haved (participle past)
yhad (participle past)
yhaved (participle past)
have (alternative)
haav (alternative)
haf (alternative)
hafe (alternative)
haben (alternative)
habben (alternative)
heven (alternative)
hawe (alternative)
han (alternative)
haan (alternative)
ha (alternative)

From Old English habban, from Proto-West Germanic *habbjan, from Proto-Germanic *habjaną.

to own (to have ownership of):
to possess (an abstraction; a quality)

ſo alſo feiþ if it haþ not werkis .· is deed in it ſelf

c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, James 2:17, page 110r, column 2; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:

So faith, if it doesn't incorporate works as well, is dead on its own.

to include (as a part, ingredient, or feature).

to own (to have ownership of):
to hold; to have at disposal

to get, acquire, or obtain:
to take (in); to be given

to get, acquire, or obtain:
to have (a child); to give birth

A fredome is a noble thing / fredome mayß man to haiff liking / fredome all ſolace to ma[n] giffis / He levys at eß [that] frely levys

c. 1375, “Book I”, in Iohne Barbour, De geſtis bellis et uirtutibus domini Roberti de Brwyß […] (The Brus, Advocates MS. 19.2.2), Ouchtirmunſye: Iohannes Ramſay, published 1489, folio 2, recto, lines 225-228; republished at Edinburgh: National Library of Scotland, c. 2010:

Oh, freedom is a noble thing: / it allows people to get enjoyment / and provides all of humanity's peace. / If you live free, you live at ease!

a nyȝt þeef comeþ not .· but þat he ſteele ſle ⁊ leeſe / and I cam þat þey haue lijf .· ⁊ haue more plenteuouſli.

c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Joon 10:10, page 49v, column 1; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010

A stealthy thief doesn't come unless he can steal, kill, and ruin. But I came so they could have life, and have it more abundantly.

to do; to perform (an action):
(with preposition) to take (away)

to do; to perform (an action):
to take (away)

to do; to perform (an action):
to have (done); to cause to (do, be)

to be obliged to do; to be scheduled to do.

(auxillary) Denotes completion; forms the perfect tense.


gan

(Early Middle English, Northern) alternative form of gon (“to go”)


leden

leden (infinitive)
to leden (infinitive)
lede (infinitive)
lede (first-person present singular)
ledde (first-person past singular)
ledest (present second-person singular)
leddest (past second-person singular)
ledeth (present singular third-person)
ledde (past singular third-person)
lede (present singular subjunctive)
ledde (past singular subjunctive)
lede (imperative present singular)
leden (plural present)
lede (plural present)
ledden (past plural)
ledde (past plural)
ledeth (imperative plural present)
lede (imperative plural present)
ledynge (participle present)
ledende (participle present)
led (participle past)
yled (participle past)
lede (alternative)
leaden (alternative)
leeden (alternative)
lædden (alternative)

English: lead (“guide”)

Scots: leid, lede

From Old English lǣdan, from Proto-Germanic *laidijaną.

Whether `dispisist thou the richessis of his goodnesse, and the pacience, and the long abidyng? Knowist thou not, that the benygnyte of God ledith thee to forthenkyng?

Forsothe Amasie ledde out tristili his puple, and yede in to the valei of makyngis of salt, and he killide of the sones of Seir ten thousynde.

1395, Wycliffe Bible, II Chronicles 25:11:

He was offrid, for he wolde, and he openyde not his mouth; as a scheep he schal be led to sleyng, and he schal be doumb as a lomb bifore hym that clippith it, and he schal not opene his mouth.

to lead (rule, head, hold ultimate authority)


leden

leden (infinitive)
to leden (infinitive)
lede (infinitive)
lede (first-person present singular)
leded (first-person past singular)
ledest (present second-person singular)
lededest (past second-person singular)
ledeth (present singular third-person)
leded (past singular third-person)
lede (present singular subjunctive)
leded (past singular subjunctive)
lede (imperative present singular)
leden (plural present)
lede (plural present)
lededen (past plural)
ledede (past plural)
ledeth (imperative plural present)
lede (imperative plural present)
ledynge (participle present)
ledende (participle present)
leded (participle past)
yleded (participle past)
lede (alternative)
leedyn (alternative)

English: lead (“cover in lead”)

From led (“lead”) + -en (infinitival suffix).

(figurative, rare) To dumb down; to stupidify.


westen

westen (third-person singular simple present westeth, present participle westende, westynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle wested)

westeth (present singular third-person)
westende (participle present)
westynge (participle present)
wested (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
westen (infinitive)
to westen (infinitive)
weste (infinitive)
weste (first-person present singular)
wested (first-person past singular)
westest (present second-person singular)
westedest (past second-person singular)
westeth (present singular third-person)
wested (past singular third-person)
weste (present singular subjunctive)
wested (past singular subjunctive)
weste (imperative present singular)
westen (plural present)
weste (plural present)
westeden (past plural)
westede (past plural)
westeth (imperative plural present)
weste (imperative plural present)
westynge (participle present)
westende (participle present)
wested (participle past)
west (alternative)
weste (alternative)

English: west

From west (“west”) + -en (infinitival suffix).

af

(uncommon, astronomy) To move westwards.


westen

enm-verb

westen (third-person singular simple present westeth, present participle westynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle westeaccel-form=1//3|s|past|ind)

westeth (present singular third-person)
westynge (participle present)
westen (infinitive)
to westen (infinitive)
weste (infinitive)
weste (first-person present singular)
weste (first-person past singular)
westest (present second-person singular)
westest (past second-person singular)
westeth (present singular third-person)
weste (past singular third-person)
weste (present singular subjunctive)
weste (past singular subjunctive)
weste (imperative present singular)
westen (plural present)
weste (plural present)
westen (past plural)
weste (past plural)
westeth (imperative plural present)
weste (imperative plural present)
westynge (participle present)
westende (participle present)
west (participle past)
weste (alternative)

Inherited from Old English wēstan, from Proto-West Germanic *wōstijan; equivalent to weste (“desolate”) + -en (infinitival suffix). Compare wasten.


teme

alternative form of temen (“to give birth, to support”)


teme

alternative form of temen (“to drain, to empty”)


hon

(Early Middle English) alternative form of hongen


tamen

enm-verb

tamen (third-person singular simple present tameth, present participle tamende, tamynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle tamed)

tameth (present singular third-person)
tamende (participle present)
tamynge (participle present)
tamed (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)

English: tame

Scots: tame

From tame (“tame”) + -en (infinitival suffix).


tamen

tameth (present singular third-person)
tamende (participle present)
tamynge (participle present)
tamed (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
tame (alternative)

English: tame

Scots: tame

Shortening of attamen (“to cut, pierce”) or entamen (“to injure”), both from Old French.


lede

A blysful lyf þou says I lede;

Perle Section 15. Anonymous 15th century.


lede

alternative form of leden (“to cover in lead”)


rappen

rappen (infinitive)
to rappen (infinitive)
rappe (infinitive)
rappe (first-person present singular)
rapped (first-person past singular)
rappte (first-person past singular)
rappest (present second-person singular)
rappedest (past second-person singular)
rapptest (past second-person singular)
rappeth (present singular third-person)
rapped (past singular third-person)
rappte (past singular third-person)
rappe (present singular subjunctive)
rapped (past singular subjunctive)
rappte (past singular subjunctive)
rappe (imperative present singular)
rappen (plural present)
rappe (plural present)
rappeden (past plural)
rappede (past plural)
rappten (past plural)
rappte (past plural)
rappeth (imperative plural present)
rappe (imperative plural present)
rappynge (participle present)
rappende (participle present)
rapped (participle past)
rappt (participle past)
yrapped (participle past)
yrappt (participle past)

English: rap

⇒ Yola: rapple


starf

first/third-person singular past indicative of sterven

(later) second-person singular past indicative of sterven


tasten

English: taste

From Old French taster, from Vulgar Latin tastō, from Latin taxō.

Wherof a man mai hiere and se
And smelle and taste in his degre

c. 1393, John Gower, Confessio Amantis, 4.2546-7:

whenne Adam tastede of pe appui he wiste neuer whefrer it was sowr or swete, ne for pe swetnesse fcerof was he nou3t repreued, bot for forfete азепз Godes [lawe].

1987, Rolf Hendrik Bremmer, The Fyve Wyttes: A late Middle English Devotional Treatise Edited form BL MS Harley 2398, pg 27, l 7-8:

c. 15th c,, The Romance of Merlin, folio la, ch XXXIII, pg 681.
Merlin leide his heed in the damesels lappe, and she be-gan to taste softly till he fill on slepe

Mi fader, nay; bot I have tasted
In many a place as I have go,
And yit love I nevere on of tho,
Bot forto drive forth the dai.

c. 1393, John Gower, Confessio Amantis, 5.6692-5:

To experience, feel (with sexual connotation)


messen

messen (infinitive)
to messen (infinitive)
messe (infinitive)
messe (first-person present singular)
messed (first-person past singular)
messest (present second-person singular)
messedest (past second-person singular)
messeth (present singular third-person)
messed (past singular third-person)
messe (present singular subjunctive)
messed (past singular subjunctive)
messe (imperative present singular)
messen (plural present)
messe (plural present)
messeden (past plural)
messede (past plural)
messeth (imperative plural present)
messe (imperative plural present)
messynge (participle present)
messende (participle present)
messed (participle past)
ymessed (participle past)
massen (alternative)
meassen (alternative)
massy (alternative)

English: mass (obsolete)

From a mixture of Old French messiier and Old English mæssian. Equivalent to messe (“mass”) + -en (infinitival suffix).

To hold Mass (the service) or the Eucharist (the sacrament)


messen

messen (infinitive)
to messen (infinitive)
messe (infinitive)
messe (first-person present singular)
messed (first-person past singular)
messest (present second-person singular)
messedest (past second-person singular)
messeth (present singular third-person)
messed (past singular third-person)
messe (present singular subjunctive)
messed (past singular subjunctive)
messe (imperative present singular)
messen (plural present)
messe (plural present)
messeden (past plural)
messede (past plural)
messeth (imperative plural present)
messe (imperative plural present)
messynge (participle present)
messende (participle present)
messed (participle past)
ymessed (participle past)
messe (alternative)

English: mess

From mes (“serving”) + -en (infinitival suffix), from Old French mes (“portion of food”), from Late Latin missum (“portion of food put on the table”). Compare Old English metsian (“to feed, supply provisions”).

ncog

To deliver food to a table; to serve up food.


lufian

(Early Middle English) alternative form of loven (“to love”)


houten

houten (infinitive)
to houten (infinitive)
houte (infinitive)
houte (first-person present singular)
houted (first-person past singular)
houtest (present second-person singular)
houtedest (past second-person singular)
houteth (present singular third-person)
houted (past singular third-person)
houte (present singular subjunctive)
houted (past singular subjunctive)
houte (imperative present singular)
houten (plural present)
houte (plural present)
houteden (past plural)
houtede (past plural)
houteth (imperative plural present)
houte (imperative plural present)
houtynge (participle present)
houtende (participle present)
houted (participle past)
yhouted (participle past)
whoten (alternative)

English: hoot


robben

enm-verb

robben (third-person singular simple present robbeth, present participle robbende, robbynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle robbed)

robbeth (present singular third-person)
robbende (participle present)
robbynge (participle present)
robbed (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
robben (infinitive)
to robben (infinitive)
robbe (infinitive)
robbe (first-person present singular)
robbed (first-person past singular)
robbest (present second-person singular)
robbedest (past second-person singular)
robbeth (present singular third-person)
robbed (past singular third-person)
robbe (present singular subjunctive)
robbed (past singular subjunctive)
robbe (imperative present singular)
robben (plural present)
robbe (plural present)
robbeden (past plural)
robbede (past plural)
robbeth (imperative plural present)
robbe (imperative plural present)
robbynge (participle present)
robbende (participle present)
robbed (participle past)
yrobbed (participle past)
robb (alternative)
robbe (alternative)
robbi (alternative)
robby (alternative)
robbyn (alternative)
robyn (alternative)
ruby (alternative)

English: rob

Scots: rob

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman robber, rober, from Frankish *raubōn, from Proto-Germanic *raubōną. Doublet of reven.
The expected Middle English form would be /ˈrɔːbən/; the short vowel is probably by analogy with robberie, robbour.

University of Michigan
w:University of Michigan

To steal, rob, or pilfer; to illegally or forcibly confiscate.

To loot, despoil, ravage; to bring to ruin.

(figurative) To snatch; to cause to lose (an abstract concept)


cloven

English: cloven

Scots: clowen, cloen

From Old English clofen, ġeclofen, past participle of clēofan, from Proto-Germanic *klubanaz, past participle of *kleubaną.

clove (alternative)
clofenn (alternative)
clovyn (alternative)
clofen (alternative)
i-clove (alternative)
y clove (alternative)


stod

first/third-person singular past of standen


welled

wellede (alternative past plural)
welleden (alternative past plural)
welde (alternative past plural)
welden (alternative past plural)
iwelled (alternative participle past)
welde (alternative participle past)
iweld (alternative participle past)
iwelt (alternative participle past)
ȝewilled (alternative participle past)
ȝewillede (alternative participle past)
ȝewillad (alternative participle past)


liken

liken (third-person singular simple present liketh, present participle likende, likynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle liked)

liketh (present singular third-person)
likende (participle present)
likynge (participle present)
liked (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
liken (infinitive)
to liken (infinitive)
like (infinitive)
like (first-person present singular)
liked (first-person past singular)
likest (present second-person singular)
likedest (past second-person singular)
liketh (present singular third-person)
liked (past singular third-person)
like (present singular subjunctive)
liked (past singular subjunctive)
like (imperative present singular)
liken (plural present)
like (plural present)
likeden (past plural)
likede (past plural)
liketh (imperative plural present)
like (imperative plural present)
likynge (participle present)
likende (participle present)
liked (participle past)
yliked (participle past)
like (alternative)
liki (alternative)
likie (alternative)
liky (alternative)
lyke (alternative)
lyken (alternative)
lyky (alternative)
licen (alternative Early-Middle-English)
licien (alternative Early-Middle-English)
likien (alternative Early-Middle-English)
likin (alternative Early-Middle-English)
lykie (alternative Early-Middle-English)
lykyen (alternative Early-Middle-English)

English: like

Scots: like

Yola: lick, licke, lik

From Old English līcian, from Proto-West Germanic *līkēn, from Proto-Germanic *līkāną.

Þe snow likeþ (to) me as hit makeþ þe toun stylle

The snow pleases me since it makes the town quiet.

To be appealing or pleasant (to); to be liked (by).

(especially Late Middle English) To like or enjoy; to find pleasant.

To opt for or select; to like above other options.


liken

liketh (present singular third-person)
likende (participle present)
likynge (participle present)
liked (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
liken (infinitive)
to liken (infinitive)
like (infinitive)
like (first-person present singular)
liked (first-person past singular)
likest (present second-person singular)
likedest (past second-person singular)
liketh (present singular third-person)
liked (past singular third-person)
like (present singular subjunctive)
liked (past singular subjunctive)
like (imperative present singular)
liken (plural present)
like (plural present)
likeden (past plural)
likede (past plural)
liketh (imperative plural present)
like (imperative plural present)
likynge (participle present)
likende (participle present)
liked (participle past)
yliked (participle past)
lyckyn (alternative)
lyken (alternative)

From lik (“similar”) + -en (infinitival suffix).

af

To compare; to examine the similarities and differences between two things.

To be equivalent in value or suitable to accompany.

To create from; to use as a basis or material.


daw

(Late Middle English) alternative form of dawen


agen

agen (infinitive)
to agen (infinitive)
age (infinitive)
age (first-person present singular)
aged (first-person past singular)
agest (present second-person singular)
agedest (past second-person singular)
ageth (present singular third-person)
aged (past singular third-person)
age (present singular subjunctive)
aged (past singular subjunctive)
age (imperative present singular)
agen (plural present)
age (plural present)
ageden (past plural)
agede (past plural)
ageth (imperative plural present)
age (imperative plural present)
agynge (participle present)
agende (participle present)
aged (participle past)
yaged (participle past)

English: age

Scots: age

Borrowed from Old French aagier; equivalent to age + -en (infinitival suffix).

(usually in the past participle) to become older; to age.


madden

madden (infinitive)
to madden (infinitive)
madde (infinitive)
madde (first-person present singular)
madded (first-person past singular)
maddest (present second-person singular)
maddedest (past second-person singular)
maddeth (present singular third-person)
madded (past singular third-person)
madde (present singular subjunctive)
madded (past singular subjunctive)
madde (imperative present singular)
madden (plural present)
madde (plural present)
maddeden (past plural)
maddede (past plural)
maddeth (imperative plural present)
madde (imperative plural present)
maddynge (participle present)
maddende (participle present)
madded (participle past)
ymadded (participle past)
maddyn (alternative)
mad (alternative)
madde (alternative)
made (alternative)
medd (alternative)
medde (alternative)

English: mad (obsolete)

To be mad or insane; to be afflicted with insanity.

To be emotionally overwhelmed or consumed by mood or feelings.

To behave idiotically or stupidly; to display stupidity.

(rare) To make mad, crazy or insane; to madden.


matin

alternative form of maten (“to overpower”)


waren

waren (infinitive)
to waren (infinitive)
ware (infinitive)
ware (first-person present singular)
wared (first-person past singular)
warest (present second-person singular)
waredest (past second-person singular)
wareth (present singular third-person)
wared (past singular third-person)
ware (present singular subjunctive)
wared (past singular subjunctive)
ware (imperative present singular)
waren (plural present)
ware (plural present)
wareden (past plural)
warede (past plural)
wareth (imperative plural present)
ware (imperative plural present)
warynge (participle present)
warende (participle present)
wared (participle past)
ywared (participle past)
warien (alternative)

English: ware

Scots: war, ware

Yola: waur

From Old English warian, from Proto-West Germanic *warōn, from Proto-Germanic *warōną.


delfan

(Early Middle English) alternative form of delven


rede

Wel coude he rede a lessoun or a storie, [...]

late 14th century, Geoffrey Chaucer, General Prologue, The Canterbury Tales, line 709

He well knew how to read a lesson or a story, …

‘And, er that we departen from this place,
I rede that we make, of sorwes two,
O parfyt Ioye, lasting ever-mo;’ [...]

late 14th century, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Knight's Tale, The Canterbury Tales, line 3070-3072

‘And before we depart from this place,
I advise that we make, of two sorrows,
One perfect joy, lasting evermore;’ …


dene

alternative form of deynen (“to disdain”)


magen

alternative form of mowen (“to be able to”)


magen

magen (infinitive)
to magen (infinitive)
mage (infinitive)
mage (first-person present singular)
maged (first-person past singular)
magest (present second-person singular)
magedest (past second-person singular)
mageth (present singular third-person)
maged (past singular third-person)
mage (present singular subjunctive)
maged (past singular subjunctive)
mage (imperative present singular)
magen (plural present)
mage (plural present)
mageden (past plural)
magede (past plural)
mageth (imperative plural present)
mage (imperative plural present)
magynge (participle present)
magende (participle present)
maged (participle past)
ymaged (participle past)
maggen (alternative)


agon

agon (infinitive)
to agon (infinitive)
ago (infinitive)
ago (first-person present singular)
ayede (first-person past singular)
awente (first-person past singular)
agost (present second-person singular)
agest (present second-person singular)
ayedest (past second-person singular)
awentest (past second-person singular)
agoth (present singular third-person)
ageth (present singular third-person)
ayede (past singular third-person)
awente (past singular third-person)
ago (present singular subjunctive)
ayede (past singular subjunctive)
awente (past singular subjunctive)
ago (imperative present singular)
agon (plural present)
ago (plural present)
ayeden (past plural)
ayede (past plural)
awenten (past plural)
awente (past plural)
agoth (imperative plural present)
ago (imperative plural present)
agoynge (participle present)
agonde (participle present)
agon (participle past)
ago (participle past)
ago (alternative)
agan (alternative)

From Old English āgān (“to go out”), from Proto-West Germanic *uʀgān.


singen

singen (infinitive)
to singen (infinitive)
singe (infinitive)
singe (first-person present singular)
sang (first-person past singular)
singest (present second-person singular)
sunge (past second-person singular)
sange (past second-person singular)
sang (past second-person singular)
singeth (present singular third-person)
sang (past singular third-person)
singe (present singular subjunctive)
sunge (past singular subjunctive)
sange (past singular subjunctive)
singe (imperative present singular)
singen (plural present)
singe (plural present)
sungen (past plural)
sunge (past plural)
sangen (past plural)
sange (past plural)
singeth (imperative plural present)
singe (imperative plural present)
singynge (participle present)
singende (participle present)
sungen (participle past)
sunge (participle past)
cingen (alternative)
cinggen (alternative)
singgen (alternative)
singe (alternative)
synge (alternative)
syngen (alternative)
cyngyn (alternative)
cynggyn (alternative)
zinge (alternative Kent)

English: sing

Scots: sing

Yola: zing

From Old English singan (“to sing”). Cognate with Middle Dutch singen, Middle High German singen, Old Swedish siunga, and Crimean Gothic singhen.

Þan were matynys & masse & euen song, placebo & dirige & comendacion & matynes of oure lady ordeyned of synful men, to be songen wiþ heiȝe criynge to lette men fro þe sentence & vnderstondynge of þat þat was þus songen, & to maken men wery & vndisposid to studie goddis lawe for akyng of hedis[…]

a. 1380, John Wycliffe, Of feyned contemplatif lif, of song, of þe ordynal of salisbury, & of bodely almes & worldly bysynesse of prestis; hou bi þes foure þe fend lettiþ hem fro prechynge of þe gospel:

Then there were matins, mass, evensong, placebo, dirges, commendations, and matins of Our Lady, which originated from sinful men, to be sung with high-pitched shrieking to keep people from the meaning and understanding of that which was sung, as to make men weary and unsuited to study God's law because of headaches […]

To sing (something); to produce (certain) noises with one's voice:

To produce chants or other sung verse (especially of a religious nature).

To cry in agony; to produce lamentations.

Lhude sing cuccu / Groweþ sed / and bloweþ med

a. 1250, unknown, “Sumer is icumen in”^(https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Sumer_is_icumen_in_(MS_Harley_978)):

Sing loudly, cuckoo! / seed grows / and fields bloom

To talk, recite, or declare (especially in a particular way or manner):

To recite a non-sung prayer or religious commendation.

To perform the Eucharist (in a given way).

(rare) To recite non-sung verse or poetry.

To make the sound of a musical instrument.


faran

(Early Middle English) alternative form of faren


dagen

(Early Middle English) alternative form of dawen


chave

Kissyng and lying ich see is all one:
And chave no mony, chul tell true therfore.

c. 1603–1604 (date written), William Shakespeare, “Measure for Measure”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, (please specify the act number in uppercase Roman numerals, and the scene number in lowercase Roman numerals):


binden

binden (infinitive)
to binden (infinitive)
binde (infinitive)
binde (first-person present singular)
band (first-person past singular)
bindest (present second-person singular)
bounde (past second-person singular)
bonde (past second-person singular)
band (past second-person singular)
bindeth (present singular third-person)
band (past singular third-person)
binde (present singular subjunctive)
bounde (past singular subjunctive)
bonde (past singular subjunctive)
binde (imperative present singular)
binden (plural present)
binde (plural present)
bounden (past plural)
bounde (past plural)
bonden (past plural)
bonde (past plural)
bindeth (imperative plural present)
binde (imperative plural present)
bindynge (participle present)
bindende (participle present)
bounden (participle past)
bounde (participle past)
ybounden (participle past)
ybounde (participle past)
bynden (alternative)

English: bind

Scots: bind

From Old English bindan, from Proto-West Germanic *bindan, from Proto-Germanic *bindaną; equivalent to bynde + -en (infinitival suffix).

To bind, fasten; to make a knot or fastening.

To secure, strengthen; to make strong:
To tie up; to strengthen with a knot.

To connect or link (especially by binding):

(figurative) To remember; to keep one's mental connection secure.

(figurative) To strengthen or provide proof for an argument.

To take away one's agency; to enthrall:
To restrain a captive; to jail.

To take away one's agency; to enthrall:
To enslave, subordinate, or force.

To take away one's agency; to enthrall:
To enrapture or captivate.

(rare) To take into apprenticeship or training.

To enter into a socially binding obligation or agreement:

To enter into a marital relationship; to marry.

(rare, Late Middle English) To copulate; to have sex.

To force or compel (to perform an action):

To obligate; to be forced by societal pressure.

To force (into) a socially binding obligation or agreement.

To decorate or adorn; to add ornaments on.

To enclose or surround; to fold as to completely conceal.

(rare) To cohere; to enjoin with itself.

(rare, figurative) To end or finish; to wrap up (for the sense, compare Modern English wrap up)


revel

alternative form of revelen (“to revel”)


sullen

(South West Midlands) alternative form of sellen


fusen

enm-verb

fūsen (third-person singular simple present fūseth, present participle fūsende, fūsynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle fūsed)

fūsen (canonical)
fūseth (present singular third-person)
fūsende (participle present)
fūsynge (participle present)
fūsed (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
fusen (infinitive)
to fusen (infinitive)
fuse (infinitive)
fuse (first-person present singular)
fused (first-person past singular)
fusest (present second-person singular)
fusedest (past second-person singular)
fuseth (present singular third-person)
fused (past singular third-person)
fuse (present singular subjunctive)
fused (past singular subjunctive)
fuse (imperative present singular)
fusen (plural present)
fuse (plural present)
fuseden (past plural)
fusede (past plural)
fuseth (imperative plural present)
fuse (imperative plural present)
fusynge (participle present)
fusende (participle present)
fused (participle past)
yfused (participle past)
fesen (alternative)

desc

English: fease, feese, feeze, pheeze, faze

Scots: faize

From Old English fȳsan (“to send forth, impel, stimulate: drive away, put to flight, banish; hasten, prepare oneself”), from Proto-Germanic *funsijaną. Reinforced by Old English gefȳsan (“to make ready, cause to hasten, make eager”).

inh

He lette þider fusen al þat he hafde ihalden, þat corn of þissen londe. — Layamon's Brut, 1275

To send or bring speedily; to hasten; to launch, to hurl a weapon; to proceed

Oþer þu heom fusen, oþer þu heom feolle. — Layamon's Brut, 1275

To put to flight; pursue, to banish, to rush or charge at


aken

aken (infinitive)
to aken (infinitive)
ake (infinitive)
ake (first-person present singular)
ok (first-person past singular)
aked (first-person past singular)
akest (present second-person singular)
oke (past second-person singular)
ok (past second-person singular)
akedest (past second-person singular)
aketh (present singular third-person)
ok (past singular third-person)
aked (past singular third-person)
ake (present singular subjunctive)
oke (past singular subjunctive)
aked (past singular subjunctive)
ake (imperative present singular)
aken (plural present)
ake (plural present)
oken (past plural)
oke (past plural)
akeden (past plural)
akede (past plural)
aketh (imperative plural present)
ake (imperative plural present)
akynge (participle present)
akende (participle present)
aken (participle past)
ake (participle past)
aked (participle past)
ake (alternative)
eken (alternative)

English: ache

Scots: yawk

Yola: aake

Inherited from Old English acan, from Proto-West Germanic *akan, from Proto-Germanic *akaną; equivalent to ache + -en (infinitival suffix).


branden

branden (infinitive)
to branden (infinitive)
brande (infinitive)
brande (first-person present singular)
brante (first-person past singular)
branded (first-person past singular)
brandest (present second-person singular)
brantest (past second-person singular)
brandedest (past second-person singular)
brandeth (present singular third-person)
brante (past singular third-person)
branded (past singular third-person)
brande (present singular subjunctive)
brante (past singular subjunctive)
branded (past singular subjunctive)
brande (imperative present singular)
branden (plural present)
brande (plural present)
branten (past plural)
brante (past plural)
brandeden (past plural)
brandede (past plural)
brandeth (imperative plural present)
brande (imperative plural present)
brandynge (participle present)
brandende (participle present)
brant (participle past)
branded (participle past)
ybrant (participle past)
ybranded (participle past)
brande (alternative)
bronden (alternative)
bronnyn (alternative)
broondyn (alternative)

English: brand


breken

breken (infinitive)
to breken (infinitive)
breke (infinitive)
breke (first-person present singular)
brak (first-person past singular)
brek (first-person past singular)
brekest (present second-person singular)
breke (past second-person singular)
brake (past second-person singular)
brak (past second-person singular)
brek (past second-person singular)
breketh (present singular third-person)
brak (past singular third-person)
brek (past singular third-person)
breke (present singular subjunctive)
breke (past singular subjunctive)
brake (past singular subjunctive)
breke (imperative present singular)
breken (plural present)
breke (plural present)
breken (past plural)
breke (past plural)
braken (past plural)
brake (past plural)
breketh (imperative plural present)
breke (imperative plural present)
brekynge (participle present)
brekende (participle present)
broken (participle past)
broke (participle past)
ybroken (participle past)
ybroke (participle past)
breoken (alternative)
braken (alternative)

English: break

Scots: breke, brick, brak

Yola: brough, brocke, brek

From Old English brecan, from Proto-West Germanic *brekan, from Proto-Germanic *brekaną. Doublet of brayen (“to break up”).


delen

delen (infinitive)
to delen (infinitive)
dele (infinitive)
dele (first-person present singular)
delte (first-person past singular)
delde (first-person past singular)
deled (first-person past singular)
delest (present second-person singular)
deltest (past second-person singular)
deldest (past second-person singular)
deledest (past second-person singular)
deleth (present singular third-person)
delte (past singular third-person)
delde (past singular third-person)
deled (past singular third-person)
dele (present singular subjunctive)
delte (past singular subjunctive)
delde (past singular subjunctive)
deled (past singular subjunctive)
dele (imperative present singular)
delen (plural present)
dele (plural present)
delten (past plural)
delte (past plural)
delden (past plural)
delde (past plural)
deleden (past plural)
delede (past plural)
deleth (imperative plural present)
dele (imperative plural present)
delynge (participle present)
delende (participle present)
delt (participle past)
deld (participle past)
deled (participle past)
ydelt (participle past)
ydeld (participle past)
dælen (alternative)
dealen (alternative)
deale (alternative)
dalen (alternative)
dælenn (alternative)
deel (alternative)
deele (alternative)
dele (alternative)
deelen (alternative)

English: deal

Scots: dele, deil

Yola: ee-delt (ppl.)

From Old English dǣlan, from Proto-Germanic *dailijaną; equivalent to del + -en (infinitival suffix).

To separate or split; to deal out:
To mince; to cut into small pieces.

To separate or split; to deal out:
To apportion; to share or assign.

(rare) To assign individuals into lots or divisions.

(rare) To discern; to be able to tell apart.

To separate or split; to deal out:
To discern; to be able to tell apart.

To separate or split; to deal out:
(rare) To lop of; to split away.

To separate or split; to deal out:
To lop of; to split away.

To have business with someone; to be involved in a matter:

To reach a decision or verdict; to make a call.

To enter into battle; to be involved in a conflict.

To copulate or to have sex with someone.

(Early Middle English) To join or engage in an activity.

To attack with a weapon; to deal a blow.

To control; to administrate or be in charge.


haten

enm-verb

haten (third-person singular simple present hateth, present participle hatynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle hatedaccel-form=1//3|s|past|ind)

hateth (present singular third-person)
hatynge (participle present)
haten (infinitive)
to haten (infinitive)
hate (infinitive)
hate (first-person present singular)
hated (first-person past singular)
hatest (present second-person singular)
hatedest (past second-person singular)
hateth (present singular third-person)
hated (past singular third-person)
hate (present singular subjunctive)
hated (past singular subjunctive)
hate (imperative present singular)
haten (plural present)
hate (plural present)
hateden (past plural)
hatede (past plural)
hateth (imperative plural present)
hate (imperative plural present)
hatynge (participle present)
hatende (participle present)
hated (participle past)
yhated (participle past)
haate (alternative)
hate (alternative)
hatye (alternative)
hatyn (alternative)
hatenn (alternative Early-Middle-English)
hatien (alternative Early-Middle-English)
hatiȝen (alternative Early-Middle-English)
heatien (alternative Early-Middle-English)

English: hate

Scots: hate

Inherited from Old English hatian, from Proto-West Germanic *hatēn, from Proto-Germanic *hatāną; equivalent to hate + -en (infinitival suffix).

To feel negative emotions towards (something):

To feel dislike or hatred towards (someone).

To hate (someone); to permanently dislike someone.

To view (someone) as beneath oneself; to feel contemptuous towards someone.

To perform negative acts towards (something):

To refuse or avoid (something); to shun, to scorn.

To ruin; to cause the destruction (of something).

(rare) To be inherently opposed to something.


winnen

winnen (third-person singular simple present winneth, present participle winnende, first-/third-person singular past indicative wan, past participle wonnen)

winneth (present singular third-person)
winnende (participle present)
wan (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
wonnen (participle past)
winnen (infinitive)
to winnen (infinitive)
winne (infinitive)
winne (first-person present singular)
wan (first-person past singular)
won (first-person past singular)
winnest (present second-person singular)
wonne (past second-person singular)
wanne (past second-person singular)
wan (past second-person singular)
won (past second-person singular)
winneth (present singular third-person)
wan (past singular third-person)
won (past singular third-person)
winne (present singular subjunctive)
wonne (past singular subjunctive)
wanne (past singular subjunctive)
winne (imperative present singular)
winnen (plural present)
winne (plural present)
wonnen (past plural)
wonne (past plural)
wannen (past plural)
wanne (past plural)
winneth (imperative plural present)
winne (imperative plural present)
winnynge (participle present)
winnende (participle present)
wonnen (participle past)
wonne (participle past)
ywonnen (participle past)
ywonne (participle past)
win (alternative)
winne (alternative)
wine (alternative)
when (alternative)
wynnen (alternative)
wyn (alternative)
wynne (alternative)
wyne (alternative)
wen (alternative Northern)
wene (alternative Northern)
whin (alternative Northern)
whyn (alternative Northern)
winnie (alternative Southwestern)
winnien (alternative Southwestern)
wunnen (alternative Southwestern)
wynnye (alternative Southwestern)
wynnyen (alternative Southwestern)
winnien (alternative)
wunnen (alternative)
wynnyen (alternative)

English: win

Scots: win

Inherited from Old English winnan, from Proto-West Germanic *winnan, from Proto-Germanic *winnaną (“to labor; to win, gain; to fight, strive”).

inh

to gain (territory, wisdom, success, a cow, a prize, etc.)


tellen

tellen (infinitive)
to tellen (infinitive)
telle (infinitive)
telle (first-person present singular)
tolde (first-person past singular)
tellest (present second-person singular)
toldest (past second-person singular)
telleth (present singular third-person)
tolde (past singular third-person)
telle (present singular subjunctive)
tolde (past singular subjunctive)
telle (imperative present singular)
tellen (plural present)
telle (plural present)
tolden (past plural)
tolde (past plural)
telleth (imperative plural present)
telle (imperative plural present)
tellynge (participle present)
tellende (participle present)
told (participle past)
ytold (participle past)

English: tell

Scots: tell

Yola: tolth, told (preterite)

From Old English tellan, from Proto-West Germanic *talljan, from Proto-Germanic *taljaną.


stelen

enm-verb

stelen (third-person singular simple present steleth, present participle stelende, stelynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative stal, past participle stolen)

steleth (present singular third-person)
stelende (participle present)
stelynge (participle present)
stal (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
stolen (participle past)
stelen (infinitive)
to stelen (infinitive)
stele (infinitive)
stele (first-person present singular)
stel (first-person past singular)
stolest (present second-person singular)
stale (past second-person singular)
stel (past second-person singular)
stoleth (present singular third-person)
stel (past singular third-person)
stele (present singular subjunctive)
stale (past singular subjunctive)
stele (imperative present singular)
stelen (plural present)
stele (plural present)
stalen (past plural)
stale (past plural)
steleth (imperative plural present)
stele (imperative plural present)
stelynge (participle present)
stelende (participle present)
stelen (participle past)
stele (participle past)
ystelen (participle past)
ystele (participle past)

English: steal

Scots: stele, steil

he þat ſtal .· now ſtele he not / but moꝛe trauele he in woꝛchyng wiþ his hondis þat þat is good .· þat he haue wher of he ſchal ȝyue to nedi

c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Epheſianes 4:28, page 75v, column 2; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:

Anyone who steals shouldn't steal again, but should instead do useful work with their own hands so they have [something] to give to the needy.


willen

willen (third-person singular simple present wille, present participle willynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle woldeaccel-form=1//3|s|past|ind)

wille (present singular third-person)
willynge (participle present)
willen (infinitive)
to willen (infinitive)
wille (infinitive)
wollen (infinitive)
wolle (infinitive)
wille (first-person present singular)
wolle (first-person present singular)
wolde (first-person past singular)
wilt (present second-person singular)
wolt (present second-person singular)
woldest (past second-person singular)
wolde (past second-person singular)
wille (present singular third-person)
wolle (present singular third-person)
wolde (past singular third-person)
wille (present singular subjunctive)
wolde (past singular subjunctive)
willen (plural present)
wille (plural present)
wollen (plural present)
wolle (plural present)
wolden (past plural)
wolde (past plural)
willynge (participle present)
willende (participle present)
wil (alternative)
wille (alternative)
wilen (alternative)
welin (alternative)
wole (alternative)
wolle (alternative)
willian (alternative)
wullen (alternative)

English: will

Scots: will, wil

Yola: woul, wull, weel, well, will, ill

From Old English willan, wyllan (“to want, intend, be willing”), from Proto-West Germanic *willjan, from Proto-Germanic *wiljaną (“to want”).

inh

to intend to do something, plan something

(auxiliary) A modal verb with several meanings:

A modal verb with several meanings:
Expresses purpose, intent: will

A modal verb with several meanings:
Expresses willingness: will

A modal verb with several meanings:
Expresses certainty: will

A modal verb with several meanings:
Expresses habitual action: will

Expresses ability, capability: will, can

A modal verb with several meanings:
Expresses futurity: shall, will

A modal verb with several meanings:
Expresses expectation, conjecture: will

Expresses imminence, impendence: will, to be about to

A modal verb with several meanings:
Expresses a suggestion, proposal: let's

Expressing a modest, polite wish: would like

A modal verb with several meanings:
Expresses hypotheticals: might

Expresses possibility, probability: to be likely to, may


willen

enm-verb

willen (third-person singular simple present willeth, present participle willende, willynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle willed)

willeth (present singular third-person)
willende (participle present)
willynge (participle present)
willed (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)

From Old Norse; cognate with Faroese, Icelandic villa (“to stray, err”).


willen

present indicative/subjunctive plural of willen (“to want”)


maken

maken (infinitive)
to maken (infinitive)
make (infinitive)
make (first-person present singular)
made (first-person past singular)
maked (first-person past singular)
makest (present second-person singular)
madest (past second-person singular)
makedest (past second-person singular)
maketh (present singular third-person)
made (past singular third-person)
maked (past singular third-person)
make (present singular subjunctive)
made (past singular subjunctive)
maked (past singular subjunctive)
make (imperative present singular)
maken (plural present)
make (plural present)
maden (past plural)
made (past plural)
makeden (past plural)
makede (past plural)
maketh (imperative plural present)
make (imperative plural present)
makynge (participle present)
makende (participle present)
mad (participle past)
maked (participle past)
ymad (participle past)
ymaked (participle past)
macke (alternative)
mak (alternative)
make (alternative)
maki (alternative)
makiȝe (alternative)
makye (alternative)
makyn (alternative)
macen (alternative Early-Middle-English)
machiæ (alternative Early-Middle-English)
macian (alternative Early-Middle-English)
makian (alternative Early-Middle-English)
makie (alternative Early-Middle-English)
makien (alternative Early-Middle-English)
makiȝen (alternative Early-Middle-English)
makyȝe (alternative Early-Middle-English)

English: make

Geordie English: myek

Scots: mak, maak

Yola: maake, maak

From Old English macian, from Proto-West Germanic *makōn.

In þe bigynnyng God made of nouȝt heuene and erþe. / Forſoþe þe erþe was idel and voide, and derkneſſis weren on the face of depþe; and the Spiryt of þe Lord was borun on the watris.

a. 1382, John Wycliffe, “Genesis 1:1-2”, in Wycliffe's Bible:

In the beginning, God made the sky and the Earth out of nothing. / The Earth was inactive and empty, and darkness was on top of the seas' surfaces, and the Spirit of the Lord moved on the water.

And ſmale foweles maken melodye / That ſlepen al the nyght with open ye / So priketh hem Nature in hir corages / Thanne longen folk to goon on pilgrimages[…]

a. 1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “General Prologue”, in The Canterbury Tales, lines 9–12:

And small birds make song / that sleep all night with their eyes open / (as Nature pokes them in their hearts). / Then people want to go on pilgrimages […]

& ſomme englyſſhe bookes maken mencyon that they wente neuer oute of englond after the deth of ſyr Launcelot / but that was but fauour of makers[…]

1470–1485 (date produced), Thomas Malory, “Capitulum xiii”, in [Le Morte Darthur], book XXI, [London: […] by William Caxton], published 31 July 1485, →OCLC, leaf 430, verso; republished as H[einrich] Oskar Sommer, editor, Le Morte Darthur […], London: David Nutt, […], 1889, →OCLC, page 860, lines 29–31:

And some English books make claims that they never went out of England after the death of Sir Lancelot, / but that was only authors' biases […]

To make or create; to have something made.


kennen

kennen (infinitive)
to kennen (infinitive)
kenne (infinitive)
kenne (first-person present singular)
kenned (first-person past singular)
kennte (first-person past singular)
kennest (present second-person singular)
kennedest (past second-person singular)
kenntest (past second-person singular)
kenneth (present singular third-person)
kenned (past singular third-person)
kennte (past singular third-person)
kenne (present singular subjunctive)
kenned (past singular subjunctive)
kennte (past singular subjunctive)
kenne (imperative present singular)
kennen (plural present)
kenne (plural present)
kenneden (past plural)
kennede (past plural)
kennten (past plural)
kennte (past plural)
kenneth (imperative plural present)
kenne (imperative plural present)
kennynge (participle present)
kennende (participle present)
kenned (participle past)
kennt (participle past)
ykenned (participle past)
ykennt (participle past)
kenin (alternative)

English: ken

Scots: ken

Yola: ee-kent (ppl.)

From Old English cennan, from Proto-West Germanic *kannijan, from Proto-Germanic *kannijaną.


lopen

lopen (infinitive)
to lopen (infinitive)
lope (infinitive)
lope (first-person present singular)
loped (first-person past singular)
lopest (present second-person singular)
lopedest (past second-person singular)
lopeth (present singular third-person)
loped (past singular third-person)
lope (present singular subjunctive)
loped (past singular subjunctive)
lope (imperative present singular)
lopen (plural present)
lope (plural present)
lopeden (past plural)
lopede (past plural)
lopeth (imperative plural present)
lope (imperative plural present)
lopynge (participle present)
lopende (participle present)
loped (participle past)
yloped (participle past)
loupen (alternative)
laupen (alternative)

English: lope

Scots: lowp, loup

Yola: laupe

Borrowed from Old Norse hlaupa, from Proto-Germanic *hlaupaną.


raken

raken (infinitive)
to raken (infinitive)
rake (infinitive)
rake (first-person present singular)
raked (first-person past singular)
rakest (present second-person singular)
rakedest (past second-person singular)
raketh (present singular third-person)
raked (past singular third-person)
rake (present singular subjunctive)
raked (past singular subjunctive)
rake (imperative present singular)
raken (plural present)
rake (plural present)
rakeden (past plural)
rakede (past plural)
raketh (imperative plural present)
rake (imperative plural present)
rakynge (participle present)
rakende (participle present)
raked (participle past)
yraked (participle past)
rakyn (alternative)

English: rake

Yola: raak

Borrowed from Old Norse raka, from Proto-Germanic *raką.


huren

(West Midlands, Early Middle English) alternative form of hiren (“to hire”)


maat

alternative form of maten (“to checkmate”)


welke

alternative form of welken (“to dry out”)


vullen

alternative form of fullen (“to baptise”)


naken

naken (infinitive)
to naken (infinitive)
nake (infinitive)
nake (first-person present singular)
naked (first-person past singular)
nakest (present second-person singular)
nakedest (past second-person singular)
naketh (present singular third-person)
naked (past singular third-person)
nake (present singular subjunctive)
naked (past singular subjunctive)
nake (imperative present singular)
naken (plural present)
nake (plural present)
nakeden (past plural)
nakede (past plural)
naketh (imperative plural present)
nake (imperative plural present)
nakynge (participle present)
nakende (participle present)
naked (participle past)
ynaked (participle past)
nake (alternative)
nakyn (alternative)
nakkin (alternative)
nakyne (alternative)

English: nake

Scots: nake

Inherited from Old English nacian, from Proto-Germanic *nakwōną.

O nyce men, why nake ye youre bakkes?

c. 1380s [c. 524], Geoffrey, transl. Chaucer, Boethius de Consolatione Philosophiae, book 4, metre 7, translation of The Consolation of Philosophy by Boethius, line 70; republished in The Complete Works Of Geoffrey Chaucer, London: Oxford University Press, 1912, page 192:

To remove clothes or make naked; to nake.


hythe

alternative form of hight: simple past/past participle of hoten


kiþen

English: kithe

Scots: kithe

kithen (alternative)
cuthen (alternative)


heten

heten (third-person singular simple present heteth, present participle hetynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative hette, past participle het)

heteth (present singular third-person)
hetynge (participle present)
hette (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
het (participle past)
heten (infinitive)
to heten (infinitive)
hete (infinitive)
hete (first-person present singular)
hette (first-person past singular)
hetest (present second-person singular)
hettest (past second-person singular)
heteth (present singular third-person)
hette (past singular third-person)
hete (present singular subjunctive)
hette (past singular subjunctive)
hete (imperative present singular)
heten (plural present)
hete (plural present)
hetten (past plural)
hette (past plural)
heteth (imperative plural present)
hete (imperative plural present)
hetynge (participle present)
hetende (participle present)
het (participle past)
yhet (participle past)
hete (alternative)
hetyn (alternative)
heaten (alternative Early-Middle-English)

English: heat

Scots: heat, haet, het

⇒ Scots: het

Inherited from Old English hǣtan, from Proto-West Germanic *haitijan, from Proto-Germanic *haitijaną; equivalent to hete (“heat”) + -en (infinitival suffix).


hangen

hangen (infinitive)
to hangen (infinitive)
hange (infinitive)
hange (first-person present singular)
heng (first-person past singular)
hanged (first-person past singular)
hangest (present second-person singular)
henge (past second-person singular)
heng (past second-person singular)
hangedest (past second-person singular)
hangeth (present singular third-person)
heng (past singular third-person)
hanged (past singular third-person)
hange (present singular subjunctive)
henge (past singular subjunctive)
hanged (past singular subjunctive)
hange (imperative present singular)
hangen (plural present)
hange (plural present)
hengen (past plural)
henge (past plural)
hangeden (past plural)
hangede (past plural)
hangeth (imperative plural present)
hange (imperative plural present)
hangynge (participle present)
hangende (participle present)
hangen (participle past)
hange (participle past)
hanged (participle past)
yhanged (participle past)
hongen (alternative)

English: hang

Yola: ung (preterite)

Originally two distinct verbs:
* Old English hangian, from Proto-West Germanic *hangēn, from Proto-Germanic *hangāną.
* Old English hōn, from Proto-West Germanic *hą̄han, from Proto-Germanic *hanhaną.


wagen

wagen (infinitive)
to wagen (infinitive)
wage (infinitive)
wage (first-person present singular)
waged (first-person past singular)
wagest (present second-person singular)
wagedest (past second-person singular)
wageth (present singular third-person)
waged (past singular third-person)
wage (present singular subjunctive)
waged (past singular subjunctive)
wage (imperative present singular)
wagen (plural present)
wage (plural present)
wageden (past plural)
wagede (past plural)
wageth (imperative plural present)
wage (imperative plural present)
wagynge (participle present)
wagende (participle present)
waged (participle past)
ywaged (participle past)
wage (alternative)
wajon (alternative)
wagge (alternative)

English: wage

Scots: wage

From Old Northern French wagier; equivalent to wage + -en (infinitival suffix). Doublet of wedden.

(transitive) To employ, use, or utilise a person.

(transitive) To give an item or a person as security or as a guarantee.

(transitive) To risk, potentially endanger.


comune

And I seide, “Ser, in his tyme maister Ioon Wiclef was holden of ful many men the grettis clerk that thei knewen lyuynge vpon erthe. And therwith he was named, as I gesse worthili, a passing reuli man and an innocent in al his lyuynge. And herfore grete men of kunnynge and other also drowen myche to him, and comownede ofte with him. And thei sauouriden so his loore that thei wroten it bisili and enforsiden hem to rulen hem theraftir… Maister Ion Aston taughte and wroot acordingli and ful bisili, where and whanne and to whom he myghte, and he vsid it himsilf, I gesse, right perfyghtli vnto his lyues eende. Also Filip of Repintoun whilis he was a chanoun of Leycetre, Nycol Herforde, dane Geffrey of Pikeringe, monke of Biland and a maistir dyuynyte, and Ioon Purueye, and manye other whiche weren holden rightwise men and prudent, taughten and wroten bisili this forseide lore of Wiclef, and conformeden hem therto. And with alle these men I was ofte homli and I comownede with hem long tyme and fele, and so bifore alle othir men I chees wilfulli to be enformed bi hem and of hem, and speciali of Wiclef himsilf, as of the moost vertuous and goodlich wise man that I herde of owhere either knew. And herfore of Wicleef speciali and of these men I toke the lore whiche I haue taughte and purpose to lyue aftir, if God wole, to my lyues ende.”

1407, The Testimony of William Thorpe, pages 40–41:


helen

head

helen (third person singular simple present heleþ, simple past and past participle held)

heleþ (present singular third-person)
held (participle past)
held (past)
helien (alternative)
healen (alternative)
hælen (alternative)
hæliȝe (alternative)
ȝele (alternative)
heilen (alternative)
haile (alternative)

English: heal
→ Dutch: healen

Scots: heal

From Old English hǣlan, from Proto-West Germanic *hailijan, from Proto-Germanic *hailijaną (“to heal”).


helen

helen (simple past heled or hal, past participle heled or hole)

heled (past)
hal (past)
heled (participle past)
hole (participle past)
hely (alternative)
helie (alternative)
helye (alternative)
helien (alternative)
helyen (alternative)
hel (alternative)
heyle (alternative)
hellen (alternative)
heole (alternative)
heolen (alternative)

English: hele, heel

Middle Scots: heild

Scots: heil, heal

Yola: helt, hulth (preterite)

A merger of Old English helan (“to conceal, cover, hide”, strong verb) and helian (“to conceal, cover, hide”, weak verb), from Proto-West Germanic *helan, from Proto-Germanic *helaną (“to conceal, stash, receive stolen goods”) and [Term?] (“to conceal”), both from Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to hide”).


stoppen

enm-verb

stoppen (third-person singular simple present stoppeth, present participle stoppende, stoppynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle stopped)

stoppeth (present singular third-person)
stoppende (participle present)
stoppynge (participle present)
stopped (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
stoppen (infinitive)
to stoppen (infinitive)
stoppe (infinitive)
stoppe (first-person present singular)
stopped (first-person past singular)
stoppest (present second-person singular)
stoppedest (past second-person singular)
stoppeth (present singular third-person)
stopped (past singular third-person)
stoppe (present singular subjunctive)
stopped (past singular subjunctive)
stoppe (imperative present singular)
stoppen (plural present)
stoppe (plural present)
stoppeden (past plural)
stoppede (past plural)
stoppeth (imperative plural present)
stoppe (imperative plural present)
stoppynge (participle present)
stoppende (participle present)
stopped (participle past)
ystopped (participle past)
stoppien (alternative)

English: stop (see there for further descendants)

Scots: stop, stap

From Old English stoppian, from Proto-West Germanic *stoppōn.


smaken

smaken (infinitive)
to smaken (infinitive)
smake (infinitive)
smake (first-person present singular)
smaked (first-person past singular)
smakest (present second-person singular)
smakedest (past second-person singular)
smaketh (present singular third-person)
smaked (past singular third-person)
smake (present singular subjunctive)
smaked (past singular subjunctive)
smake (imperative present singular)
smaken (plural present)
smake (plural present)
smakeden (past plural)
smakede (past plural)
smaketh (imperative plural present)
smake (imperative plural present)
smakynge (participle present)
smakende (participle present)
smaked (participle past)
ysmaked (participle past)
smake (alternative)
smakie (alternative)
smakkyn (alternative)
smakyn (alternative)
smacky (alternative Kent)

English: smack

Scots: smack

Yola: smack

Borrowed from Middle Low German smāken, from Old Saxon *smakōn, from Proto-West Germanic *smakēn; compare smacchen. Some forms are remodelled on smak.

(ambitransitive) To have a taste; to taste (something).

(ambitransitive, rare) To smell (of); to emit or sample an odour.

(transitive, rare) To be contaminated by; to be blemished with.


gon

gon (infinitive)
to gon (infinitive)
go (infinitive)
go (first-person present singular)
yede (first-person past singular)
wente (first-person past singular)
gost (present second-person singular)
gest (present second-person singular)
yedest (past second-person singular)
wentest (past second-person singular)
goth (present singular third-person)
geth (present singular third-person)
yede (past singular third-person)
wente (past singular third-person)
go (present singular subjunctive)
yede (past singular subjunctive)
wente (past singular subjunctive)
go (imperative present singular)
gon (plural present)
go (plural present)
yeden (past plural)
yede (past plural)
wenten (past plural)
wente (past plural)
goth (imperative plural present)
go (imperative plural present)
goynge (participle present)
gonde (participle present)
gon (participle past)
go (participle past)
ygon (participle past)
ygo (participle past)
gan (alternative)
ga (alternative)
goo (alternative)
goon (alternative)
go (alternative)

English: go

Geordie English: gan

Middle Scots: go, goe, gone

Scots: gan, gae, ga, gang

desc

Yola: goe, go, goeth (influnced by Irish silent -th), gow

From Old English gān, from Proto-West Germanic *gān, from Proto-Germanic *gāną, compare German gehen. Past tense supplied by Old English wendan, from Proto-Germanic *wandijaną, or a suppletive stem yed-, yod-, from Old English ēod-.


gon

English: gone

Geordie English: gyen

Scots: gane

Yola: gome

From Old English gān, ġegān, past participle of gān (“to go”), from Proto-Germanic *gānaz, past participle of *gāną (“to go”); equivalent to gon + -en.

gone (alternative)
igon (alternative)
gan (alternative)
ȝegan (alternative)


massy

alternative form of messen (“to hold mass”)


leaden

(Early Middle English) alternative form of leden (“to lead”)


timen

alternative form of temen (“to give birth, to support”)


timen

timen (infinitive)
to timen (infinitive)
time (infinitive)
time (first-person present singular)
timed (first-person past singular)
timest (present second-person singular)
timedest (past second-person singular)
timeth (present singular third-person)
timed (past singular third-person)
time (present singular subjunctive)
timed (past singular subjunctive)
time (imperative present singular)
timen (plural present)
time (plural present)
timeden (past plural)
timede (past plural)
timeth (imperative plural present)
time (imperative plural present)
timynge (participle present)
timende (participle present)
timed (participle past)
ytimed (participle past)
tymen (alternative)

English: time

From Old English tīmian, from Proto-Germanic *tīmōną; equivalent to tyme (“time”) + -en (infinitival suffix).


goth

goþ (alternative)
goeth (alternative)
goeþ (alternative)

third-person singular present indicative of gon


thole

Depe was the waie, for which the cart ſtode / This carter ſmote, & ſtriued as he were wode / Heit ſcot heit brok, what ſpare ye for yͤ ſtones / The fende q[uo]d he, you fetche body & bones, / As ferforth as euer ye were yfoled, / So moche wo as I haue for you tholed / The deuyl haue al, both horse, carte, & hay

1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Freres Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC, folio xliiii, recto, column 2:

Deep was the way, which is why the cart stood [still] / The carter smote, and strived as if he were mad / "Gee up, Scot, gee up, Brok [the names of horses], why do you stop pulling for the stones? / "The fiend," said he, "fetch you, body and bones, / "Thus far since you were foaled [born], / "So much woe have I suffered due to you. / "The devil have all, both horses, cart, and hay."


ebben

ebben (infinitive)
to ebben (infinitive)
ebbe (infinitive)
ebbe (first-person present singular)
ebbed (first-person past singular)
ebbest (present second-person singular)
ebbedest (past second-person singular)
ebbeth (present singular third-person)
ebbed (past singular third-person)
ebbe (present singular subjunctive)
ebbed (past singular subjunctive)
ebbe (imperative present singular)
ebben (plural present)
ebbe (plural present)
ebbeden (past plural)
ebbede (past plural)
ebbeth (imperative plural present)
ebbe (imperative plural present)
ebbynge (participle present)
ebbende (participle present)
ebbed (participle past)
yebbed (participle past)

English: ebb

Scots: ebb

From Old English ebbian, from Proto-West Germanic *abbjōn; equivalent to ebbe + -en (infinitival suffix).


hatten

hatten (infinitive)
to hatten (infinitive)
hatte (infinitive)
hatte (first-person present singular)
hatted (first-person past singular)
hattest (present second-person singular)
hattedest (past second-person singular)
hatteth (present singular third-person)
hatted (past singular third-person)
hatte (present singular subjunctive)
hatted (past singular subjunctive)
hatte (imperative present singular)
hatten (plural present)
hatte (plural present)
hatteden (past plural)
hattede (past plural)
hatteth (imperative plural present)
hatte (imperative plural present)
hattynge (participle present)
hattende (participle present)
hatted (participle past)
yhatted (participle past)

English: hat

Scots: hat


meten

English: meet

From Old English mētan (“to meet, encounter”).


meten

From Old English mētan, mǣtan (“to paint, design”), from Proto-West Germanic *maitijaną (“to cut”), from Proto-Germanic *maitaną.

c. 1368, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Book of the Duchess, as recorded c. 1440–1450 in Bodleian Library MS. Fairfax 16, folio 131r

Send me grace to sleep and dream / Some trustworthy dream in my sleep / Through which I might know exactly / Whether my lord is alive or dead.

Sende me grace to slepe and mete / In my slepe some certeyn sweven / Wher thorgh that I may knowe even / Whethir my lorde be quyke or ded


meten

From mete (“food”) + -en (infinitival suffix).


supercede

From Middle French superceder, from Latin supersedere: super- (“over-”) + sedere (“to sit”).

He sall supercede þe payment of þe said vᶜ frankis.


helpen

enm-verb

helpen (third-person singular simple present helpeth, present participle helpende, first-/third-person singular past indicative holp, past participle holpen)

helpeth (present singular third-person)
helpende (participle present)
holp (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
holpen (participle past)
helpen (infinitive)
to helpen (infinitive)
helpe (infinitive)
helpe (first-person present singular)
halp (first-person past singular)
helpest (present second-person singular)
holpe (past second-person singular)
halp (past second-person singular)
helpeth (present singular third-person)
halp (past singular third-person)
helpe (present singular subjunctive)
holpe (past singular subjunctive)
helpe (imperative present singular)
helpen (plural present)
helpe (plural present)
holpen (past plural)
holpe (past plural)
helpeth (imperative plural present)
helpe (imperative plural present)
helpynge (participle present)
helpende (participle present)
holpen (participle past)
holpe (participle past)
yholpen (participle past)
yholpe (participle past)
help (alternative)
elp (alternative)
helpi (alternative)
healpe (alternative)
heolpe (alternative)
halpen (alternative)
hælpan (alternative)

English: help

Scots: help

Yola: help

From Old English helpan, from Proto-West Germanic *helpan, from Proto-Germanic *helpaną.

14th c. Geoffrey Chaucer, The Canterbury Tales. General Prologue: 15-18.
And specially from every shires ende
Of Engelond to Caunterbury they wende,
The hooly blisful martir for to seke,
That hem hath holpen whan that they were seeke.
And specially from every shire's end
Of England to Canterbury they travel,
To seek the holy blessed martyr,


openen

openen (third-person singular simple present openeth, present participle openende, openynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle opened)

openeth (present singular third-person)
openende (participle present)
openynge (participle present)
opened (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
openen (infinitive)
to openen (infinitive)
opene (infinitive)
opene (first-person present singular)
opened (first-person past singular)
openest (present second-person singular)
openedest (past second-person singular)
openeth (present singular third-person)
opened (past singular third-person)
opene (present singular subjunctive)
opened (past singular subjunctive)
opene (imperative present singular)
openen (plural present)
opene (plural present)
openeden (past plural)
openede (past plural)
openeth (imperative plural present)
opene (imperative plural present)
openynge (participle present)
openende (participle present)
opened (participle past)
yopened (participle past)

English: open

Scots: open

From Old English openian (“to open”). More at open.


werpen

werpen (third-person singular simple present werpeth, present participle werpynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative warp, past participle worpen)

werpeth (present singular third-person)
werpynge (participle present)
warp (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
worpen (participle past)
werpen (infinitive)
to werpen (infinitive)
werpe (infinitive)
werpe (first-person present singular)
warp (first-person past singular)
werped (first-person past singular)
werpest (present second-person singular)
worpe (past second-person singular)
warp (past second-person singular)
werpedest (past second-person singular)
werpeth (present singular third-person)
warp (past singular third-person)
werped (past singular third-person)
werpe (present singular subjunctive)
worpe (past singular subjunctive)
werped (past singular subjunctive)
werpe (imperative present singular)
werpen (plural present)
werpe (plural present)
worpen (past plural)
worpe (past plural)
werpeden (past plural)
werpede (past plural)
werpeth (imperative plural present)
werpe (imperative plural present)
werpynge (participle present)
werpende (participle present)
worpen (participle past)
worpe (participle past)
werped (participle past)
yworpen (participle past)
yworpe (participle past)
warpe (alternative)
warpen (alternative)
warpyn (alternative)
werp (alternative)
werpe (alternative)
werrpenn (alternative)
worpe (alternative)
wurpen (alternative)

English: warp

Scots: warp

From Old English weorpan, from Proto-West Germanic *werpan, from Proto-Germanic *werpaną.

To throw; to fling:
To cast down; to throw off.

To throw; to fling:
To throw into (hell, confinement).

To throw; to fling:
(rare) To throw open (a gate).

To throw; to fling:
To throw open (a gate).

(Early Middle English, rare) To sprinkle; to scatter.

To throw; to fling:
To sprinkle; to scatter.

(in figurative use) To throw out:
To thrust one's limb, head or hand out.

(in figurative use) To throw out:
To drive out; to force away.

(in figurative use) To throw out:
To speak; to talk.

(in figurative use) To throw out:
To produce (seeds, eggs)

(Early Middle English, rare) To cast a gaze at.

Senses related to weaving:
To weave (interlace thread).

To warp threads; to arrange threads into a warp.

Senses related to weaving:
(figurative) To contrive; to scheme.

Senses related to weaving:
To contrive; to scheme.

(Early Middle English, rare) To draw lots.

(Late Middle English, rare) To fill up; to stuff.


toile

Most likely from Anglo-Norman toilier, but possibly from Middle Dutch tuylen.


wedden

English: wed

Scots: wad


kiken

kiken (third-person singular simple present kiketh, present participle kikende, kikynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle kiked)

kiketh (present singular third-person)
kikende (participle present)
kikynge (participle present)
kiked (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
keken (alternative)

From Middle Dutch kiken. Related to Scots keek, West Frisian kytse, Dutch kijken, Swedish kika, Icelandic kíkja.

This Nicholas sat ever gaping upright, / As he had kyked on the newe mone.

1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Myllers Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC:


tere

alternative form of teren (“to ruin by removing or splitting”)


yel

ȝel (alternative)
ȝelle (alternative)
yell (alternative)
yelle (alternative)


stal

first/third-person singular past indicative of stelen

(later) second-person singular past indicative of stelen


temen

temen (infinitive)
to temen (infinitive)
teme (infinitive)
teme (first-person present singular)
temed (first-person past singular)
temest (present second-person singular)
temedest (past second-person singular)
temeth (present singular third-person)
temed (past singular third-person)
teme (present singular subjunctive)
temed (past singular subjunctive)
teme (imperative present singular)
temen (plural present)
teme (plural present)
temeden (past plural)
temede (past plural)
temeth (imperative plural present)
teme (imperative plural present)
temynge (participle present)
temende (participle present)
temed (participle past)
ytemed (participle past)
tem (alternative)
teme (alternative)
temyn (alternative)
theam (alternative)
timen (alternative)
tæmenn (alternative Early-Middle-English)
teamen (alternative Early-Middle-English)
teman (alternative Early-Middle-English)

English: teem

Inherited from Anglian Old English tēman (West Saxon tīeman), from Proto-West Germanic *taumijan, from Proto-Germanic *taumijaną.
Equivalent to tem (“group”) + -en (infinitival suffix), which forms with /ɛː/ are modified on the analogy of.


temen

temen (infinitive)
to temen (infinitive)
teme (infinitive)
teme (first-person present singular)
temed (first-person past singular)
temest (present second-person singular)
temedest (past second-person singular)
temeth (present singular third-person)
temed (past singular third-person)
teme (present singular subjunctive)
temed (past singular subjunctive)
teme (imperative present singular)
temen (plural present)
teme (plural present)
temeden (past plural)
temede (past plural)
temeth (imperative plural present)
teme (imperative plural present)
temynge (participle present)
temende (participle present)
temed (participle past)
ytemed (participle past)
teme (alternative)
temyn (alternative)
teyme (alternative)

English: teem

Scots: teem

Borrowed from Old Norse tœma, from Proto-Germanic *tōmijaną.


temen

temen (infinitive)
to temen (infinitive)
teme (infinitive)
teme (first-person present singular)
temed (first-person past singular)
temest (present second-person singular)
temedest (past second-person singular)
temeth (present singular third-person)
temed (past singular third-person)
teme (present singular subjunctive)
temed (past singular subjunctive)
teme (imperative present singular)
temen (plural present)
teme (plural present)
temeden (past plural)
temede (past plural)
temeth (imperative plural present)
teme (imperative plural present)
temynge (participle present)
temende (participle present)
temed (participle past)
ytemed (participle past)
teme (alternative)
temie (alternative)

English: teme

Inherited from Old English temian, modification of Proto-West Germanic *tammjan, from Proto-Germanic *tamjaną.


tesen

enm-verb

tesen (third-person singular simple present teseth, present participle tesende, tesynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle tesed)

teseth (present singular third-person)
tesende (participle present)
tesynge (participle present)
tesed (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
tesen (infinitive)
to tesen (infinitive)
tese (infinitive)
tese (first-person present singular)
tesed (first-person past singular)
tesest (present second-person singular)
tesedest (past second-person singular)
teseth (present singular third-person)
tesed (past singular third-person)
tese (present singular subjunctive)
tesed (past singular subjunctive)
tese (imperative present singular)
tesen (plural present)
tese (plural present)
teseden (past plural)
tesede (past plural)
teseth (imperative plural present)
tese (imperative plural present)
tesynge (participle present)
tesende (participle present)
tesed (participle past)
ytesed (participle past)
taise (alternative)
teise (alternative)
tese (alternative)
tesien (alternative)

English: tease

Scots: tease, taise

From Old English tǣsan, from Proto-West Germanic *taisijan

To card (straighten the fibres of) wool.


lende

alternative form of lenden (“to come, to dwell”)


wot

first/third-person singular present indicative of witen


yerd

yerd (third-person singular simple present yerdeth, present participle yerdynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle yerdedaccel-form=1//3|s|past|ind)

yerdeth (present singular third-person)
yerdynge (participle present)
yerde (alternative)
ȝerd (alternative)
ȝeerd (alternative)
yeerd (alternative)
ȝeard (alternative)
yard (alternative)
yarde (alternative)
yorde (alternative)
ȝarde (alternative)
yherde (alternative)
ȝorde (alternative)
ȝeorde (alternative)

Inherited from Old English ġeard, from Proto-West Germanic *gard, from Proto-Germanic *gardaz, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰórdʰos; cognate with Old Church Slavonic градъ (gradŭ) and a doublet of garth.


gamine

(Early Middle English) alternative form of gamen


secgan

(Early Middle English) alternative form of seien


blasen

blasen (infinitive)
to blasen (infinitive)
blase (infinitive)
blase (first-person present singular)
blased (first-person past singular)
blasest (present second-person singular)
blasedest (past second-person singular)
blaseth (present singular third-person)
blased (past singular third-person)
blase (present singular subjunctive)
blased (past singular subjunctive)
blase (imperative present singular)
blasen (plural present)
blase (plural present)
blaseden (past plural)
blasede (past plural)
blaseth (imperative plural present)
blase (imperative plural present)
blasynge (participle present)
blasende (participle present)
blased (participle past)
yblased (participle past)
blase (alternative)
blasyn (alternative)

English: blaze

Scots: bleize

To blaze; to be alight or flaming with intensity.

To shine, shimmer or give off light; to be very bright.

(rare) To be intense; to affect emotionally to a great degree.

(rare) To be exceptional or without peer.


blasen

blasen (infinitive)
to blasen (infinitive)
blase (infinitive)
blase (first-person present singular)
blased (first-person past singular)
blasest (present second-person singular)
blasedest (past second-person singular)
blaseth (present singular third-person)
blased (past singular third-person)
blase (present singular subjunctive)
blased (past singular subjunctive)
blase (imperative present singular)
blasen (plural present)
blase (plural present)
blaseden (past plural)
blasede (past plural)
blaseth (imperative plural present)
blase (imperative plural present)
blasynge (participle present)
blasende (participle present)
blased (participle past)
yblased (participle past)

English: blaze

From Old English *blǣsan, from Proto-West Germanic *blāsan.


wenden

wenden (infinitive)
to wenden (infinitive)
wende (infinitive)
wende (first-person present singular)
wente (first-person past singular)
wende (first-person past singular)
wendest (present second-person singular)
wentest (past second-person singular)
wendest (past second-person singular)
wendeth (present singular third-person)
wente (past singular third-person)
wende (past singular third-person)
wende (present singular subjunctive)
wente (past singular subjunctive)
wende (past singular subjunctive)
wende (imperative present singular)
wenden (plural present)
wende (plural present)
wenten (past plural)
wente (past plural)
wenden (past plural)
wende (past plural)
wendeth (imperative plural present)
wende (imperative plural present)
wendynge (participle present)
wendende (participle present)
went (participle past)
wend (participle past)
ywent (participle past)
ywend (participle past)
wende (alternative)

English: wend (went)

From Old English wendan, from Proto-West Germanic *wandijan (“to turn”).


rupe

alternative form of ropen (“to cry out”)


beden

enm-verb

beden (third-person singular simple present bedeth, present participle bedende, bedynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative bede, past participle boden)

bedeth (present singular third-person)
bedende (participle present)
bedynge (participle present)
bede (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
boden (participle past)
beden (infinitive)
to beden (infinitive)
bede (infinitive)
bede (first-person present singular)
bed (first-person past singular)
bedest (present second-person singular)
bude (past second-person singular)
bede (past second-person singular)
bode (past second-person singular)
bed (past second-person singular)
bedeth (present singular third-person)
bed (past singular third-person)
bede (present singular subjunctive)
bude (past singular subjunctive)
bede (past singular subjunctive)
bode (past singular subjunctive)
bede (imperative present singular)
beden (plural present)
bede (plural present)
buden (past plural)
bude (past plural)
beden (past plural)
bede (past plural)
boden (past plural)
bode (past plural)
bedeth (imperative plural present)
bede (imperative plural present)
bedynge (participle present)
bedende (participle present)
boden (participle past)
bode (participle past)
beoden (alternative)
boden (alternative)
buden (alternative)
bieden (alternative)
beiden (alternative)
beade (alternative)
bedden (alternative)

English: bid, bede

Scots: bid, bede

From Old English bēodan, from Proto-West Germanic *beudan, from Proto-Germanic *beudaną, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰéwdʰeti.


brennen

brennen (third-person singular simple present brenneth, present participle brennynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative brente, past participle brent)

brenneth (present singular third-person)
brennynge (participle present)
brente (first-person indicative past singular third-person)
brent (participle past)
brennen (infinitive)
to brennen (infinitive)
brenne (infinitive)
brenne (first-person present singular)
brenned (first-person past singular)
brente (first-person past singular)
brennest (present second-person singular)
brennedest (past second-person singular)
brentest (past second-person singular)
brenneth (present singular third-person)
brenned (past singular third-person)
brente (past singular third-person)
brenne (present singular subjunctive)
brenned (past singular subjunctive)
brente (past singular subjunctive)
brenne (imperative present singular)
brennen (plural present)
brenne (plural present)
brenneden (past plural)
brennede (past plural)
brenten (past plural)
brente (past plural)
brenneth (imperative plural present)
brenne (imperative plural present)
brennynge (participle present)
brennende (participle present)
brenned (participle past)
brent (participle past)
ybrenned (participle past)
ybrent (participle past)
bren (alternative)
brenne (alternative)
brin (alternative Northern especially)
brine (alternative Northern especially)
brynne (alternative Northern especially)
berne (alternative)
bernen (alternative)
birne (alternative)
byrne (alternative)
bearne (alternative Ormulum)
beornen (alternative Ormulum)
bærnen (alternative Ormulum)
bærnenn (alternative Ormulum)
brennenn (alternative Ormulum)

English: burn

→ Middle Scots: burn

Scots: burn

Middle Scots: bryn, byrn

Scots: bren, brenn, brend

Originally three distinct verbs:
* Old English biernan, from Proto-West Germanic *brinnan, from Proto-Germanic *brinnaną (“to burn”).
* Old English bærnan, from Proto-West Germanic *brannijan, from Proto-Germanic *brannijaną (“to cause to burn”).
* Old Norse brenna, brinna, cognate with bærnan; forms derived from this source are usual after early Middle English.

inh

(intransitive) To burn; to undergo combustion.

(ambitransitive) To burn; to set on fire:

To burn; to set on fire:
To burn a sacrifice or offering.

To burn; to set on fire:
To torture or kill with fire.

That for the tyraunt is of greater might / By force of meyne, to ſlee downe right / And brenne houſe & home, & make al playn, / Lo therfore is he called a capitayne / And for the outlawe hath but ſmal meyne / And maie not do ſo great an harm, as he / Ne brynge a countrey to ſo great miſchefe / Men callen him an outlawe or a thefe

1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Manciples Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales (in Middle English), [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC, folio xcix, recto, column 2:

That because the tyrant is of greater might / By force of retinue, to slay downright / And burn house and home, and make all level / Lo therefore is he called a captain / And because the outlaw has but a small retinue / And may not do so great a harm as he [the tyrant] / Nor bring a country to so great mischief / Men call him an outlaw or a thief

To burn; to set on fire:
To raze or destroy by fire.

(ambitransitive) To apply fire to:
To injure with fire; to cause a burn.

To toast or roast; to mark with fire in cooking.

(ambitransitive) To apply fire to:
To calcine; to heat to refine or dry.

(intransitive) To resemble or behave like fire:

To resemble or behave like fire:
To be hot or burning.

To resemble or behave like fire:
To be bright or shiny.

To resemble or behave like fire:
To be emotionally fervent.

(transitive) To act like fire; to metaphorically "burn":

(medicine, pathology) To corrode or inflame.


plesen

plesen (infinitive)
to plesen (infinitive)
plese (infinitive)
plese (first-person present singular)
plesed (first-person past singular)
plesest (present second-person singular)
plesedest (past second-person singular)
pleseth (present singular third-person)
plesed (past singular third-person)
plese (present singular subjunctive)
plesed (past singular subjunctive)
plese (imperative present singular)
plesen (plural present)
plese (plural present)
pleseden (past plural)
plesede (past plural)
pleseth (imperative plural present)
plese (imperative plural present)
plesynge (participle present)
plesende (participle present)
plesed (participle past)
yplesed (participle past)

English: please

Yola: plaase

From Old French plere, from its conjugated forms plese, pleses, from Latin placeō.


knoweth

knowith (alternative)
knoweþ (alternative)

third-person singular present indicative of knowen


ridan

(Early Middle English) alternative form of riden


sweltan

(Early Middle English) alternative form of swelten


ceorfan

(Early Middle English) alternative form of kerven


knowest

second-person singular present indicative of knowen


serge

alternative form of serchen (“to search”)


hideth

third-person singular present of hiden (“to hide”)


hyd

alternative form of hyed: simple past/past participle of hyen (“to go quickly”)


hyd

alternative form of hidde: simple past/past participle of hiden (“to hide”)


macian

(Early Middle English) alternative form of maken


spere

alternative form of sparren (“to close”)


swingan

(Early Middle English) alternative form of swyngen


bist

English: bist, beest (archaic or dialectal)

From Old English bist ("(thou) art"; second person singular of bēon (“to be”)), from Proto-Germanic *biusi (“(thou) art”), equivalent to been + -est.

gloss

"(thou) art"; second person singular of <i class="Latn mention" lang="ang">bēon</i> (“to be”)

second-person singular present indicative of been


sperren

alternative form of sparren (“to dart out”)


mone

mon (first-person present singular)
monde (first-person past singular)
mon (present second-person singular)
mondest (past second-person singular)
mon (present singular third-person)
monde (past singular third-person)
mone (present singular subjunctive)
monde (past singular subjunctive)
monen (plural present)
mone (plural present)
monden (past plural)
monde (past plural)
mon (alternative)
mune (alternative)
munne (alternative)
mun (alternative)
man (alternative)

English: mun (dialectal)

Scots: maun, mun, man, mon

Borrowed from Old Norse munu, from Proto-Germanic *munaną. Doublet of monen (“to remember”).


mone

alternative form of monen (“to remember”)


luve

(Early Middle English) alternative form of loven (“to praise”)


wellen

enm-verb

wellen (third-person singular simple present welleth, present participle wellende, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle welledaccel-form=1//3|s|past|ind)

welleth (present singular third-person)
wellende (participle present)
wellen (infinitive)
to wellen (infinitive)
welle (infinitive)
welle (first-person present singular)
welled (first-person past singular)
wellest (present second-person singular)
welledest (past second-person singular)
welleth (present singular third-person)
welled (past singular third-person)
welle (present singular subjunctive)
welled (past singular subjunctive)
welle (imperative present singular)
wellen (plural present)
welle (plural present)
welleden (past plural)
wellede (past plural)
welleth (imperative plural present)
welle (imperative plural present)
wellynge (participle present)
wellende (participle present)
welled (participle past)
ywelled (participle past)

English: well

Scots: well, wall

From Old English wiellan, from Proto-West Germanic *wallijan.


fullen

fullen (third-person singular simple present fulleth, present participle fullende, fullynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle fulled)

fulleth (present singular third-person)
fullende (participle present)
fullynge (participle present)
fulled (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
fullen (infinitive)
to fullen (infinitive)
fulle (infinitive)
fulle (first-person present singular)
fulled (first-person past singular)
fullest (present second-person singular)
fulledest (past second-person singular)
fulleth (present singular third-person)
fulled (past singular third-person)
fulle (present singular subjunctive)
fulled (past singular subjunctive)
fulle (imperative present singular)
fullen (plural present)
fulle (plural present)
fulleden (past plural)
fullede (past plural)
fulleth (imperative plural present)
fulle (imperative plural present)
fullynge (participle present)
fullende (participle present)
fulled (participle past)
yfulled (participle past)
fulle (alternative)
fullyn (alternative)

English: full

Scots: full, fou, foo

From fulle (“fullness”) + -en (infinitival suffix). Compare Old English fullian (“to fill”).


fullen

fulleth (present singular third-person)
fullende (participle present)
fullynge (participle present)
fulled (first-person indicative participle past singular third-person)
fullen (infinitive)
to fullen (infinitive)
fulle (infinitive)
fulle (first-person present singular)
fulled (first-person past singular)
fullest (present second-person singular)
fulledest (past second-person singular)
fulleth (present singular third-person)
fulled (past singular third-person)
fulle (present singular subjunctive)
fulled (past singular subjunctive)
fulle (imperative present singular)
fullen (plural present)
fulle (plural present)
fulleden (past plural)
fullede (past plural)
fulleth (imperative plural present)
fulle (imperative plural present)
fullynge (participle present)
fullende (participle present)
fulled (participle past)
yfulled (participle past)
full (alternative)
fulle (alternative)
fullyn (alternative)

English: full

Borrowed from Middle French fouler, from Old French fouler, foler, from Late Latin fullare.

(figurative, rare) To overcome or crush.