erthe

English: earth, Earth

q

influenced by <i class="Latn mention" lang="enm">erd</i>

Scots: erd (influenced by erd)

Yola: erth, eart, eard, eorth, eord

From Old English eorþe, from Proto-West Germanic *erþu, from Proto-Germanic *erþō.

And I seide, “Ser, in his tyme maister Ioon Wiclef was holden of ful many men the grettis clerk that thei knewen lyuynge vpon erthe. And therwith he was named, as I gesse worthili, a passing reuli man and an innocent in al his lyuynge[…]"

1407, The Testimony of William Thorpe, page 40:


erthe

desc

English: earth (confused with Etymology 1)

From Old English ierþ; equivalent to eren (“to plough”) + -the (abstract nominal suffix). Compare erd (“home”).


tulk

Probably from Old Norse tulkr, from Old East Slavic тълкъ (tŭlkŭ), from Proto-Slavic *tъlkъ. Attested in the late 14th century (Sir Gawain and the Green Knight).


hyde

English: hide

Scots: hide, hyde


hyde

hydes (plural)
hyden (plural)
hyde (plural)

Alternative form of hide (“hide (land measure)”)


hyde

Alternative form of hide (“concealment”)


hyde

Alternative form of hythe (“landing place, port”)


feminye

From Old French femenie, feminie (“the female sex, realm of women”).


coilon

English: cullion

From Old French coillon (“testicle”). See cullion.

14th century, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Canterbury Tales, "The Pardoner's Tale"
"I wolde I hadde thy coilons in myn hond, In stede of relikes or of saintuarye."

(please add an English translation of this quotation)


slewth

Of the roote of thise sevene sinnes thanne is Pryde, the general rote of alle harmes; for of this rote springen certein braunches, as Ire, Envye, Accidie or Slewthe, Avarice or Coveitise (to commune understondinge), Glotonye, and Lecherye.

late 14th century, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Parson's Tale, The Canterbury Tales, section 23, line 388

Of the root of these seven sins, then, is Pride, the general root of all harms; for of this root spring certain branches, as Anger, Envy, Accidia or Sloth, Avarice or Covetousness (to common understanding), Gluttony, and Lechery.


tyer

(Kent) Alternative form of teer (“tear”)


tharm

English: tharm

Scots: thairm, tharm

From Old English þearm.
Cognate to Old Frisian therm, Middle Low German darm, Middle Dutch darm, daerm, derm, Middle High German darm, Old Swedish tharmber, and Ancient Greek τόρμος (tórmos).

One of a creature's organs especially when located in the chest.

(often as plural) The guts, entrails, bowels or intestines.

(often as plural) The guts or intestines used as food.

(rare) A parasitic worm living in the intestines.

(rare) A child; one of one's immediate offspring or descendants.


dissimulour

English: dissimuler (obsolete)

⇒ English: dissembler

Not known in Old French or Middle French; apparently formed anew from dissimulen + -our in Middle English.

False dissimulour, O Greek Sinon, that broughtest Troye al outrely to sorwe.
O false dissembler, like the Greek Sinon, who brought the Trojans sorrow so severe!

1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Tale of the Nonnes Preest”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC, lines 456–459:


belamy

From Middle French bel (“fair”) + amy (“friend”).


percely

Of many a pilgrim hastow Cristes curs,
For of thy persly yet they fare the wors,
That they han eten with thy stubbel-goos;

late 14th century, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Cook's Prologue, The Canterbury Tales, line 4349-4352

Of many a pilgrim hast thou Christ's curse,
For of thy parsley yet they fare the worse,
Which they have eaten with thy stubble-fed goose;
For in thy shop is many a fly loose.


oundinge

As to the fyrſt ſynne in ſuperfluite of clothynge ſuch that maketh it ſo dere to the harme of the people, not only the coſt of imroydring the diſguyſed endendyng, or barringe, oundyng, palyng, wyndyng, or bendynge, and ſemblable waſt of cloth in vanite. But there is alſo the coſtlye furynge of in her gownes, ſo much ponſyng of cheſel to make hooles, ſo much daggyng of ſheres

1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Parsons Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC, folio cvi, recto:

As to the first sin—that is, superfluity of clothing—which makes the clothing so expensive, to the harm of the people; not only the cost of embroidering, the ostentatious ornamenting with bars, notches, wavy lines, stripes, folding, or decorative borders, the similar waste of cloth in vanity, but also the costly fur trimming in the gownes, so much punching of chisels to make holes, so much slitting with sheres.

(hapax) Wavy lines or stripes on clothing.


stree

In titering, and pursuite, and delayes,

Chaucer, Troilus and Criseyde (II, 1744-5)


frett

Alternative form of fret (“eating away”)


gorce

From Old French gort (“gulf”), nominative gorz, from Latin gurges, gurgitis (“whirlpool, gulf, stream”). See English gorge.


basilicok

From Old French basilicoc, extension of basilique.

14th c., Geoffrey Chaucer, The Canterbury Tales, The Parson’s Tale

The first finger [of the devil’s hand] is the foolish looking of the foolish woman and of the foolish man; that slays just as the basilisk slays folk by the venom of his sight, for the covetousness of the eyes follows the covetousness of the heart.

The first fingre is the foole loking of the foole woman and of the foole man, that sleth right as the basilicok sleth folk by venime of his sight: for the coveitise of the eyen foloweth the coveitise of the herte.


paynym

English: paynim

From Old French paienime, from Latin pāgānismus.


chincherye

For right as men blamen an avaricious man bycause of his scarsetee and chincherye / in the same wyse is he to blame that spendeth over largely

1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “(please specify the story)”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC:


aunter

English: aunter


cokewold

English: cuckold

And demed hymself, been lik a cokewold.

1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Myllers Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC, line 118:

And deemed himself, [he had] been like a cuckold.


emboyssement

late 14th century, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Tale of Melibee, The Canterbury Tales, section 31, line 2509

Then shall you evermore watch out for ambushes and all espionage.

Thanne shul ye evermore countrewayte embusshements and alle espiaille.


mawmet

English: mammet

Scots: maument (obsolete)

From Anglo-Norman maumet, mauhoumet, mahumet; deriving from Andalusian Arabic مَحُمَّدْ (“Maḥummad”), ultimately derived from Arabic مُحَمَّد (muḥammad). Doublet of Macomet and Mahown.

mi litle ſones kepe ȝe ȝou fro mawmetis

c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Joon ·i· 5:21, page 115v, column 2; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:

My little children, keep yourselves from idols.


tormentise

But natheles this Seneca the wyse
Chees in a bath to deye in this manere
Rather than han another tormentyse;

late 14th century, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Monk's Tale, The Canterbury Tales, line 3705-3708

But nonetheless this Seneca the wise
Chose in a bath to die in this manner
Rather than have another form of torment;
And thus has Nero slain his dear master.

And thus hath Nero slayn his maister dere.


ribible

Al konne he pleye on gyterne or ribible.

1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Cokes Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC:


hirð

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of hird (“household”)


delit

To lyuen in delyt was euere his wone / For he was Epicurus owene sone / That heeld opynyoun þᵗ pleyn delit / Was verray felicitee parfit

1387–1400, [Geoffrey] Chaucer, “Here Bygynneth the Book of the Tales of Caunt́burẏ”, in The Tales of Caunt́bury (Hengwrt Chaucer; Peniarth Manuscript 392D), Aberystwyth, Ceredigion: National Library of Wales, published [c. 1400–1410], →OCLC, folio 6, recto:

He was in the habit of living in delight; / He was like Epicurus' own son, / Holding the opinion that delight alone / Was true and perfect happiness.


frend

enm-noun

frend (plural frendes or (Early ME) frend)

frendes (plural)
frend (Early-Middle-English plural)

English: friend (see there for further descendants)

Scots: freend, frende, freynd, freind

Yola: vriene, friend

→ Welsh: ffrind

From Old English frēond, from Proto-West Germanic *friund, from Proto-Germanic *frijōndz; equivalent to fre + -ende.

A friend or compatriot; a close associate.


heleth

Alternative form of heleð (“hero, warrior”)


vath

With few menyhe mycht soyn thame scath, / And yhet eschape withouten vath.

1909, John Barbour, The Bruce, Volume 1, digitized edition, Adam and Charlie Black, published 2010, page 124:


bothe

desctree

English: booth
→ Bengali: বুথ (buth)
→ Scottish Gaelic: bùth
→ Welsh: bwth

Scots: buith, buth

A store, kiosk or booth, especially a temporary one.

A shack or cabin; any makeshift habitation.


crevis

English: crevis; crayfish, crawfish (influenced by fish)

From Old French crevice, from Frankish *krebitja, diminutive of Frankish *krebit (“crab”), from Proto-Germanic *krabitaz.


amorette

English: amoret

Borrowed from Middle French amourette, form Old French amorette, from amor (“love”) + -ette (“diminutive suffix”); equivalent to amour + -et.

c. 1370s. Geoffrey Chaucer, The Romaunt of the Rose. 890-2.
For nought y-clad in silk was he,
But al in floures and flourettes,
Y-painted al with amorettes;


auncetry

His purpos was for to bistowe hire hye
Into som worthy blood of auncetry;

1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Reues Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC, lines 127-129:


facound

Though she were wise Pallas, dar I seyn / Hir facound eek ful wommanly and pleyn, / No countrefeted termes hadde she / To seme wys, but after hir degree / She spak […]

c. 1390, Geoffrey Chaucer, "The Reeve's Tale", Canterbury Tales, Ellesmere ms


hawebake

But nathelees, I recche noght a bene / Though I come after hym with hawebake. / I speke in prose, and lat him rymes make.

1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Man of Lawes Prologue”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC, lines 94-96:

(nonce word) The baked berry of the hawthorn tree, i.e. coarse fare.


annueler

In Londoun was a prest, an annueler, / That therin dwelled hadde many a yer, […]

A priest employed in saying anniversary Masses.


Ermyn

From Old French Ermin, from Latin Armenius.

The Emperour of Rome / Claudius
Ne hym biforn / the Romayn Galien
Ne dorsten neuere / been so corageus
Ne noon Ermyn / ne noon Egipcien
No Surryen / ne noon Arabien
With-Inne the feeldes / þat dorste with hire fighte
Lest þat she wolde / hem with hir handes slen

Geoffrey Chaucer, The Monkes Tale, in the Hengwrt MS of Chaucer's Canterbury tales

Or with hire meynee / putten hem to flighte.


plesance

[...] ‘And so hope I that he wol to yow sende

late 14th century, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Clerk's Tale, The Canterbury Tales, line 1035-1036

… ‘And so I hope that he will to you send
Pleasure enough unto your lives' end.’


swown

And whan he saugh so stille that I lay,
He was agast, and would have fled away.
Til atte last out of my swown I brayde: [...]

14th c. Geoffrey Chaucer, The Canterbury Tales. The Prologe of the Wyf of Bathe, line 797-799

And when he saw how still I lay,
He was frightened and would have fled on his way,
Until at the last out of my swoon I awoke: …


payn

English: pain (obsolete)

From Old French pain, from Latin panis (“bread”).


nobley

youre Prynces erren as youre nobleye dooth

1387–1400, [Geoffrey] Chaucer, “The Nonne”, in The Tales of Caunt́bury (Hengwrt Chaucer; Peniarth Manuscript 392D), Aberystwyth, Ceredigion: National Library of Wales, published [c. 1400–1410], →OCLC, folio 171, verso, line 449:

your princes err, just as your nobility does

That ye so longe of youre benygnytee
 han holden me in honour and nobleye
 Where as I was noght worthy for to be
 That thonke I god and yow to whom I preye
 fforyelde it yow ther is namoore to seye

1387–1400, [Geoffrey] Chaucer, “The [Clerkys] Tale [of Oxenford]”, in The Tales of Caunt́bury (Hengwrt Chaucer; Peniarth Manuscript 392D), Aberystwyth, Ceredigion: National Library of Wales, published [c. 1400–1410], →OCLC, folio 185, verso, lines 771–774:

That you, of your benignity, for so long
 have held me here in honour and nobility—
 me, who was never worthy to be treated so—
 I thank god and you for, and I pray to him
 to repay you. There is no more to say.

And so bifel þᵗ after the thridde cours
 Whil þᵗ this kyng sit thus in his nobleye
 Herknynge his mynstrals hir thynges pleye
 Biforn hym at the bord deliciously

1387–1400, [Geoffrey] Chaucer, “The Squiers Tale”, in The Tales of Caunt́bury (Hengwrt Chaucer; Peniarth Manuscript 392D), Aberystwyth, Ceredigion: National Library of Wales, published [c. 1400–1410], →OCLC, folio 129, verso, lines 76–79:

And so it came to pass that after the third course
 While this king sat in grandeur
 Hearing his mistrals play their instruments
 at the dinner table luxuriously


disert

Alternative form of desert (“wilderness”)


lettrure

Two sones by this Odenake hadde she,
The whiche she kepte in vertu and lettrure; [...]

late 14th century, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Monk's Tale, The Canterbury Tales, line 3485-3486

Two sons by this Odenake had she,
Whom she kept in virtue and learning; …


legement

English: ledgment, ledgement


herbergeour

The fame anon thurgh Rome town is born / How Alla kyng shal comen in pilgrymage / By herbergeours that wenten him biforn

1387–1400, [Geoffrey] Chaucer, “The [Mannes] Tale [of Lawe]”, in The Tales of Caunt́bury (Hengwrt Chaucer; Peniarth Manuscript 392D), Aberystwyth, Ceredigion: National Library of Wales, published [c. 1400–1410], →OCLC, folio 126, recto:

And the news immediately spread throughout all of Rome: / that the king Ælla was to come on pilgrimage / By harbingers who went in advance of him.


rewth

Somwhat this lord hath rewthe in his manere;
But nathelees his purpos heeld he stille, [...]

late 14th century, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Clerk's Tale, The Canterbury Tales, line 579-580

Somewhat this lord had pity in his manner;
But nevertheless his purpose held he still, …


tapinage

Right so this newe tapinage
Of Lollardie goth aboute

c. 1386–1390, John Gower, edited by Reinhold Pauli, Confessio Amantis of John Gower: Edited and Collated with the Best Manuscripts, volume (please specify |volume=I, II, or III), London: Bell and Daldy […], published 1857, →OCLC:


herbergage

From Old French herbergage, herberjage; equivalent to Old French herbergier + -age. Compare herberjour and herberwe.

Where as ther was / swich congregacioun / Of peple / and eek so streit of herbergage / That they ne founde / as muche as o cotage

1387–1400, [Geoffrey] Chaucer, “The Nonnes Preestes Tale of the Cok / and Hen / Chaũtecler ⁊ Ꝑtelote”, in The Tales of Caunt́bury (Hengwrt Chaucer; Peniarth Manuscript 392D), Aberystwyth, Ceredigion: National Library of Wales, published [c. 1400–1410], →OCLC, folio 101, verso:

Where there was such a multitude of people / but such a dearth of lodgings, / That they didn't find as much as a cottage.


papejay

Quote : That in the gardin with his faire May / Singeth, ful merier than the papejay.


spicer

English: spicer

From Old French espicier, from Latin speciarius; equivalent to spice + -er.

Spicers speeken with him to a-spien heore ware

c. 1370–1390, [William Langland], “(please specify the passus number)”, in The Vision of Pierce Plowman [...], London: […] Roberte Crowley, […], published 1550, →OCLC:


creacion

English: creation

Scots: creation

From Old French creacion, from Latin creātiōnem, accusative of creātiō; equivalent to createn + -ioun.

The process of making, inventing, or creating.

The process of granting or bestowing a title or an office.


strout

From Old English *strūt, from Proto-West Germanic *strūt, from Proto-Germanic *strūtaz; compare strouten.


mawmetry

What dyfference is there betwyxt an ydolaſter and an auaricyous man. But that an ydolaſter perauenture ne hathe nat but a mawmet or two, but the auaricious man hath many. For certes euery floreyn in hys coffre, is his maumet. And certes the ſynne of maumetry is the fyrſte that God defended, as in the .x. commaudements

1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Parsons Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC, folio cxii, recto:

What is the difference between an idolater and an avaricious man, but that the idolater has only two idols when the avaricious man has many. Indeed, every gold coin in his coffer is his idol. And, certainly, the sin of idolatry is the first that God prohibited, as in the Ten Commandments


reule

English: rule

Scots: rule, reule

>? Yola: zwae

From Old French reule, from Latin rēgula.

principle, scientific law; rule of nature


sexteyn

So dide our sexteyn and our fermerer,
That han been trewe freres fifty yeer;
They may now, god be thanked of his lone,

late 14th century, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Summoner's Tale, The Canterbury Tales, line 1859-1862

So did our sacristan and the head of our infirmary,
That have been true friars fifty years;
They may now, God be thanked of his grace,
Make their fiftieth anniversary and walk alone.


septemtrioun

Borrowed from Latin septentriō, septentriōnem. Compare Modern English septentrion.

Bothe est and weste, [south], and septemtrioun.

1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Monkes Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC, line 2467:

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

14th century, Geoffrey Chaucer Boece, Book II And ek this Nero governyde by ceptre alle the peples that ben undir the colde sterres that highten the septemtryones. (This is to seyn he governede alle the peples that ben under the partye of the north.)


blume

Alternative form of blome (“chunk of iron”)


wrathe

`And that shal been an huge quantitee,
Thus shal I seyn, but, lest it folk aspyde,
This may be sent by no wight but by me;
I shal eek shewen him, if pees bityde,
What frendes that ich have on every syde
Toward the court, to doon the wrathe pace
Of Priamus, and doon him stonde in grace.

c. 1380, Geoffrey Chaucer, “BOOK IV. Incipit Prohemium Liber Quartus.”, in Troilus and Criseyde:


greece

Alternative form of grece (“step, steps”)


bely

English: belly, ballow, bellows

Scots: belly, bally

Yola: bellee, belooze

From Old English bælg, from Proto-West Germanic *balgi.


wyf

wyfes (plural)
wyves (plural)
wyve (plural)

English: wife (see there for further descendants)

Scots: wife

From Old English wīf, from Proto-West Germanic *wīb, from Proto-Germanic *wībą, of uncertain origin.

ca. 1380: It cam in cuppemele — this craft my wif used! — William Langland, Piers Plowman

ca. 1380, — Geoffrey Chaucer, The Canterbury Tales, The Merchant's Tale
That in a morwe unto this May saith he
Rys up, my wif, my love, my lady fre

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

In lyke wyse as democreon the philosophre put out his owen eyen be cause he wold not see that no good myght come to the euyll and vicyous peple wyth out right And also defortes the philosophre as he went toward his deth / his wyf that folowed after hym saide that he was dampned to deth wrongfully / than he answerd and sayd to her / holde thy peas and be styll / hit is better and more merytorye to dye by a wronge and unrightfull Jugement / than that I had deseruyd to dye.

1474, Caxton, Game and Playe of the Chesse:

The leading woman of a household; a matriarch.


wough

English: wough

From Old English wōh; from Proto-Germanic *wanhaz.


chawnce

(Late Middle English) Alternative form of chaunce


claye

Alternative form of cley (“wooden frame”)


tablement

English: tablement

From Anglo-Norman tablement; equivalent to table + -ment.


marketh

(chiefly Northern) Alternative form of market


polyve

Ther may no man out of the place it dryve

late 14th century, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Squire's Tale, The Canterbury Tales, line 183-185

And cause why, for they can nat the craft.
No man there can drive it out of the place
Despite any contrivance of windlass or pulley;
And the reason why? Because they do not know the craft.


eame

(Late Middle English) Alternative form of em


chirm

English: chirm, churm; charm, jarm

Scots: chirm, churme

Inherited from Old English ċierm, from Proto-West Germanic *karmi, from Proto-Germanic *karmiz.

(rare) A chirp or tweet; an avian vocalisation.


cowardise

English: cowardice

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman cuardise; equivalent to coward + -ise.


coyn

English: coin, quoin, coign

→ Japanese: コイン (koin)

Scots: cuinyie, cunzie

Borrowed from Old French coin, from Latin cuneus.

The impression or imagery on a coin; an imprint.

Any kind of currency; a token bearing monetary value.

(rare) A stone placed in the corner of an arch; a quoin.


coyn

Scots: coyne (obsolete)

→ Irish: cainche

⇒ Middle English: quynce, quyns, qwince, quince, quence, qwyns, coynce
English: quince
→ Thai: ควินซ์ (kwíns)
→ Welsh: cwins
Scots: quince

Borrowed from Old French cooing, from Latin cotōneum.


eggement

Mother, quod she, and maydenbright Marie, Soth is, that thurgh womannes eggement Mankind was lorne, and damned ay to die

(Can we date this quote?), Chaucer, The Canterbury Tales, pages 5240–5279:

The process of egging on or enticing; instigation or incitement.


scrit

Of every scrit and bond.

1387-1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, Canterbury Tales:


orfray

English: orphrey, orfrey, orphray

From Middle French orfrais, orfreis, orfrois, and other forms, from Late Latin aurifrasium, aurifrisium, and other forms, from Latin aurum Phrygium (“gold embroidery”, literally “Phrygian gold”). In Middle English, the final -s was often reinterpreted as a plural ending.

der

Orfrayes freſhe, was her garlande / I whiche haue ſene a thouſande / Saw neuer ywys no garlande yet / So well wrought of ſylke as it

c. 1360s (date written), Geffray Chaucer [i.e., Geoffrey Chaucer], “The Romaunt of the Rose”, in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London: […] Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], published 1542, →OCLC, folio cxxxii, recto, column 2:

Her garland was of fresh orphreys; / I, who have seen a thousand of them, / Have indeed never seen a garland / So well wrought of silk as it.

Any elaborate embroidery, especially when made of gold thread.

A piece of fabric) adorned with such embroidery.

Fine embroidered decoration, especially a border or fringe composed of such embroidery.


sotilte

English: subtlety

From Old French sutilté, from Latin subtīlitās; equivalent to sotil + -te.

Mental power or ability; smartness or cleverness:

An instance of mental power or ability; a smart deed:

An unfair argument that uses sophistry or subtlety.

A mental exercise, trial or challenge; a test of one's mind.

A strategy or solution; a hidden method or teaching.

Sophistication, complexness; the state of being incomprehensible.

Capability; ability in a specified domain or area.

Deceiving, insidiousness; the concealment of one's true behaviour or goals.

Nay nay god woot / al be he monk of frere [/] Preest or chanon̄ / or eny other wight [/] Thougħ he sitte at his book/ [sic] boþe day and nyght [/] In learnyng of his eluissħ nyce lore [/] As is in veyne / and parde moche more [/] Is to lerne a lewed man / this sotilte [/] ffy spek not þer-of / for it wol not be

1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Tale of the Chanons Yeman”, in The Canterbury Tales, Lichfield Cathedral MS. 029, leaf 175, back; republised and transcribed in Frederick J. Furnivall (editor), The Hengwrt MS of Chaucer's Canterbury tales, 1881, →OCLC, Part VI, Appendix 5, page 555, lines 839–845

No, no, God knows, whether he is a monk, a friar / A clergyman, a priest, or any other living being / Even if he sits at his studies day and night / Learning mysterious and pointless lore / It is all in vain, and worse than that! / To teach an uninitiated man this trick— / Ha! Don't think of it; it's impossible.

An act of deception, insidiousness or deceiving; a trick or ploy.

An ornamental meal made to resemble a famous event.

Narrowness or diminutiveness; lacking in dimensions.

The quality of being fluidic or lacking viscosity.


chesible

English: chasuble (remodelled on Latin)

Borrowed from Old French chesible, from Late Latin casubla, casubula.


chekelatoun

14th c, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Rime of Sire Thopas, The Canterbury Tales, 1793, A Complete Edition of the Poets of Great Britain, Volume 1, page 124,
His robe was of chekelatoun, / That coste many a jane.


ȝeinturn

Scots: ganeturne

A turning back, away, or aside; an evasion or evasive movement.


savacioun

English: salvation

Scots: salvation

Borrowed from Old French salvacion, sauvacion, from Late Latin salvātiō, salvātiōnem; equivalent to saven + -acioun.

Security; the act of making or state of being protected.

Foꝛ God ſo wyſely be my ſaluation / I loued neuer by no dyſcretion / But euer folowed myne appetite

1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Wyfe of Bathes Prologue”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC, folio xxxix, verso, column 1, lines 621-623:

Because God will be my salvation, / I never loved with any discretion, / but always obeyed my appetites.

Religious salvation; deliverance from eternal doom.

An individual who acts as security or salvation.

Preservation, maintenance, or that which ensures it.

(rare) Deliverance from or remediation of a wrong.

(medicine, rare) Medical remediation; the restoration of health.


maltalent

English: maltalent (obsolete)

From Middle French maltalent, from Old French mautalant; equivalent to mal- + talent.


ȝeinchar

From Old English ġēanċyrr, ġēanċierr (“a meeting, encounter, a turning against, a coming against, a return”), equivalent to ȝein- + char.

a return; a way of returning; a turning back; a means of escape


gaynras

A racing back or a return in one's course.


ȝeincleappe

A blow in return; a counterblow, counterstroke, or counterstrike.


gayn-turnyng

Scots: gayne-turnyng, ganeturning

From gayn- + turnyng, or from gaynturnen + -yng.


grinting

waimenting and grinting of teeth


litarge

Ther nas quik-silver, litarge, ne brimstoon,
Boras, ceruce, ne oille of tartre noon, [...]

late 14th century, Geoffrey Chaucer, General Prologue, The Canterbury Tales, line 629-630

There was no mercury, lead monoxide, nor sulphur,
Borax, white lead, nor any oil of tarter, …

Our orpiment and sublymed Mercurie,
Our grounden litarge eek on the porphurie,
Of ech of thise of ounces a certeyn
Nought helpeth us, our labour is in veyn.
Our orpiment, and purified mercury,

late 14th century, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Canon's Yeoman's Tale, The Canterbury Tales, line 774-777

A certain number of ounces of each of these
Nothing helps us, our labor is in vain.

Our litharge ground also on the porphyry mortar,


vernicle

And þe vernicle bi-fore · for men schulde him knowe

c1386, Langland, “A-text”, in Piers Plowman:

A vernicle hadde he sowed on his cappe. / His walet lay biforn him in his lappe.

1392, Chaucer, “Prologue 685”, in The Canterbury Tales^([The Complete Works of Geoffrey Chaucer]):


thedom

Chaucer


crabbes

From crabbe (“crab”) + -es (“plural suffix”).


crabbes

From crabbe (“crabapple”) + -es (“plural suffix”).


crabbe

English: crab

Scots: crab, craib

Inherited from Old English crabba, from Proto-West Germanic *krabbō, from Proto-Germanic *krabbô.

A crayfish, lobster or similar crustacean.


crabbe

English: crab, scrab

Scots: scrab

Of Germanic origin, perhaps influenced by sense 1 or the adjective crabbed and altered from Scots and northern English scrab, of the same meaning, plausibly ultimately from North Germanic, cognate with Swedish dialect scrabba, krabbäpple.


browdyng

Chaucer

Of goldsmithrye, of browdying, and of steel.


sklayre

Cognate with German Low German Sleier, German Schleier.


spigurnel

>? English: spignel

From Anglo-Norman spigurnel, spigurnelle, and Anglo-Latin spigurnella, further etymology unknown.

An unknown broomlike flowering plant with medicinal uses (possibly spignel).


idele

(Early Middle English, Northern) Alternative form of ydole


catel

Hise tithes payed he ful faire and wel,
Bothe of his propre swynk and his catel.

1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Prologues”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC, lines 541-542:

Property, as distinguished from rent or income.


ryder

English: rider

From Old English rīder, from riden + -er.

A rider or equestrian; one who rides a horse.

A horseman or mounted combatant; a knight.


flathon

English: flathon (obsolete)

Borrowed from Medieval Latin fladonem, accusative of flado, from Frankish *flaþō. Doublet of flathe and flaun.


flathe

English: flathe, flath

Inherited from Old English *flaþa, from Proto-West Germanic *flaþō. Doublet of flathon and flaun.


flerd

English: flird, flirt

Scots: flird

From Old English fleard (“nonsense; folly, vanity; deception, fraud; superstition”); cognate with Icelandic flærð (“deceit”), Old Danish flerdh, flær (“deceit, falsehood”), Swedish flärd (“frivolity, vanity; flamboyance”); see also Scots flird.

cog

So waſ herodeſ fox and flerd, / ðo criſt kam in-to ðis middel-erd, / he ſeide he wulde leuen on, / and ðogte he wulde him fordon.

a. 1250, “[A Bestiary, Arundel MS. 292, leaf 4a.] Natura wulpis [The Fox]”, in Richard Morris, editor, An Old English Miscellany Containing a Bestiary, Kentish Sermons, Proverbs of Alfred, Religious Poems of the Thirteenth Century, from Manuscripts in the British Museum, Bodleian Library, Jesus College Library, etc., London: Published for the Early English Text Society, by N. Trübner & Co., 60, Paternoster Row, published 1872, pages 14–15, lines 452–455:

So was Herod fox and deceiver, / for when Christ came into the world, / he said he would worship him, / and thought he would kill him.


swough

English: sough

Yola: zough

He siketh with full many a sorry swough.

1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Myllers Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC:

Thenne the dragon flewe awey al on a heyȝte / and come doune with suche a swough and smote the bore on the rydge

1470–1485 (date produced), Thomas Malory, “Capitulum 4”, in [Le Morte Darthur], book V, [London: […] by William Caxton], published 31 July 1485, →OCLC, leaf 83, recto; republished as H[einrich] Oskar Sommer, editor, Le Morte Darthur […], London: David Nutt, […], 1889, →OCLC, page 165, lines 19-20:

Then the dragon flew away to a great height, and came down with such a "swoosh", and smote the bear on the ridge

Tho shrighte this faucoun moore yet pitously Than ever she dide, and fll to grounde anon And lith aswowne, deed, and lyk a stoon, Til Canacee hath in hir lappe hir take Unto the tyme she gan of swough awake.

1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Squyers Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC:


sclaundre

The sclaundre of Walter ofte and wyde spradde,
That of a cruel herte he wikkedly,
For he a povre womman wedded hadde,

late 14th century, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Clerk's Tale, The Canterbury Tales, line 722-725

The ill fame of Walter spread often and wide,
That of a cruel heart he wickedly,
Because he had wedded a poor woman,
Has murdered both his children secretly.

Hath mordred bothe his children prively.


cokenay

[...] And when this Iape is tald another day,

late 14th century, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Reeve's Tale, The Canterbury Tales, line 4207-4208

… And when this trick is told another day,
I shall be considered a fool, a weakling!


vaile

(Late Middle English) Alternative form of vale


preef

[...] He that semeth the wysest, by Iesus!

late 14th century, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Canon's Yeoman's Tale, The Canterbury Tales, line 967-968

Is most fool, whan it cometh to the preef; [...]
… He who seems the wisest, by Jesus!
Is the greatest fool, when it comes to the proof; …


sermoning

Than seyde he thus to Palamon ful right;

late 14th century, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Knight's Tale, The Canterbury Tales, line 3090-3092

To make yow assente to this thing.’
Then said he thus to Palamon the knight;
‘I suppose little preaching is needed here
To make you assent to this thing.’


proheme

English: proem

Borrowed from Old French proheme, from Latin prooemium, from Ancient Greek προοίμιον (prooímion).


mormal

14th C., Geoffrey Chaucer, The Canterbury Tales, "General Prologue", lines 387-388

But greet harm was it, as it thoughte me, / That on his shyne a mormal hadde he.
But very ill it was, it seemed to me, / That on his shin a deadly sore had he.


slutte

English: slut

Yola: slut


scove

English: shove

Yola: keowe, kewe, khow


chierte

From Old French cherté. Compare charite.

Yet tikled it his herte, for that he

late 14th century, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Wife of Bath's Tale, The Canterbury Tales, line 395-396

Yet it tickled his heart, for he
Believed that I had of him so great affection.

Wende that I hadde of him so greet chiertee.

Whanne the Quene ladyes & 20 gentilwymmen wyſt theſe tydynges / they had ſuche ſorowe & heuyneſſe that ther myght no tonge telle hit / for tho knyghtes had hold them in honour and chyerte

1470–1485 (date produced), Thomas Malory, “Capitulum Octauum”, in [Le Morte Darthur], book XIII, [London: […] by William Caxton], published 31 July 1485, →OCLC, leaf 311, recto; republished as H[einrich] Oskar Sommer, editor, Le Morte Darthur […], London: David Nutt, […], 1889, →OCLC, page 621:


clergeon

a litel clergeon, seven yeer of age

1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Prioresses Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC:

A little chorister boy, seven years of age


secund

Alternative form of secunde (“after the first”)


argoile

From Anglo-Norman argoil, from Latin argilla (“clay”).

Cley made w[ith] horse dũge, mans heere, & oyle
Of tartre alim, glas, berme, worte, & argoile

1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Tale of the Chanons Yeman”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC, folio lxiv, verso:


childing

English: childing (archaic)


mynchen

English: minchen, minch

From Old English myneċenu; equivalent to monk + -en (feminine suffix).

(Christianity) A woman who is a member of a monastic order and who lives in a cloister; a nun.


kerne

English: kern, kerne

Fingallian: kern


habundance

Chaucer: "Thow hast yit manye habundances of thynges."


pestel

English: pestle

Borrowed from Old French pestel, from Latin pistillum.

A pestle (tool for crushing or pounding)


beche

English: beech

Scots: beech

From Old English bēċe, from Proto-West Germanic *bōkijā.


oth

English: oath

Scots: aith

Yola: oathès (plural)

From Old English āþ, from Proto-West Germanic *aiþ, from Proto-Germanic *aiþaz (“oath”).


perer

From Old French perier, from Vulgar Latin *pirarius; equivalent to pere (“pear”) + -er.


patene

English: patten

Scots: patene, patin

From Old French patene, from Medieval Latin patena, variant of patina, from Ancient Greek πατάνη (patánē).


paunce

English: paunce

From Old French pance, from Latin panticem, accusative of pantex. Doublet of paunche.


lymon

English: lemon

Scots: leemon

From Old French lymon, from Arabic لَيْمُون (laymūn), from Persian لیمو (limu).


opposit

The opposit of the south lyne is the north.

c. 1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, Treatise on the Astrolabe:


fiaunce

1485, Sir Thomas Malory, Le Morte d'Arthur, printed by William Caxton, page a iii (leaf 20 recto)

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

And whan syre Ector was come, he made fyaũce to the kyng for to nourisshe the child lyke as the Kynge desyred


schour

English: shower

Scots: shour, shouer, shoor, shooer

Inherited from Old English sċūr, from Proto-West Germanic *skūru, from Proto-Germanic *skūrō.

Whan that Auerill wᵗ his shoures soote / The droghte of march hath ꝑced to the roote / And bathed euery veyne in swich lycour / Of which v̄tu engendred is the flour[…]

1387–1400, [Geoffrey] Chaucer, “Here Bygynneth the Book of the Tales of Caunt́burẏ”, in The Tales of Caunt́bury (Hengwrt Chaucer; Peniarth Manuscript 392D), Aberystwyth, Ceredigion: National Library of Wales, published [c. 1400–1410], →OCLC, folio 2, recto:

When that April, with its sweet showers / Has pierced March's drought to the root / And bathed every vein in fluid such that / with its power, the flower is made […]

Rainfall, precipitation (falling waterdrops)

(poetic) An attack or assault (whether physical, emotional, or rhetorical)

(poetic, by extension) A battle; a military conflict.

(poetic, rare) A flow or stream of liquid.

(poetic, rare) A profusion of blessings.


gowne

English: gown (see there for further descendants)

Scots: goun

→ Middle Welsh: gŵn

Welsh: gŵn

(specifically) A robe as a mark of office.


baviere

English: bevor, bever, beaver


balu

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of bale (“evil”)


nauger

English: auger

From Old English nafugār, from Proto-West Germanic *nabugaiʀ, from Proto-Germanic *nabōgaizaz; equivalent to nave (“hub of a wheel”) + gor (“spear”).
Cognate with Old Saxon navugēr, Old High German nabagēr, Old Norse nafarr. Forms without initial n- are due to reanalysis of a nauger as an auger.

University of Michigan
w:University of Michigan


ospray

English: osprey


sowdan

The sowdan comth him-self sone after this
So royally, that wonder is to telle,

late 14th century, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Man of Law's Tale, The Canterbury Tales, line 407-409

The Sultan comes himself soon after this
So royally that it is a wonder to tell,
And welcomes her with all joy and bliss.

And welcometh hir with alle Ioye and blis.


sauterie

English: psaltery

Borrowed from Old French sauterie, salterie, borrowed from Late Latin psaltērium, from Ancient Greek ψαλτήριον (psaltḗrion). Doublet of sauter.

string instrument
string instrument#English

A psaltery (lute-like string instrument)

(rare) The Biblical book of Psalms; the section of the Bible containing psalms.


dagon

'Yeve us a busshel whete, malt, or reye,
A goddes kechil, or a trip of chese,
Or elles what yow list, we may nat chese;
A goddes halfpeny or a masse-peny,
Or yeve us of your brawn, if ye have eny;

1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, "The Somnour's Tale", in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; Rev. Walter W. Skeat, editor, The Complete Works of Geoffrey Chaucer, Vol. 4, Second Edition, Oxford at the Clarendon Press: Humphrey Milford, 1900, →OCLC, lines 1746–1753 (38–45)

Our suster dere, lo! here I write your name;
Bacon or beef, or swich thing as ye finde.'
"Give us a bushel of wheat, malt or rye, or a God's cake, or some cheese—whatever you like, we leave it up to you. A God's halfpenny or mass-penny, or a piece of meat, if you have any; A scrap of your blanket, my dear lady, our sister dear, look! I write your name here: Bacon or beef, or any such thing you find."

A slip or piece; a scrap, particularly of cloth


generacioun

English: generation

c. 1380, Bible (John Wycliffe version), Matthew 1:1

The book of the generacioun of Jhesu Crist, the sone of Dauid, the sone of Abraham.

generation (collectively the body of people who are of the same genealogical rank or remove from an ancestor; the mass of beings living at one time)


faie

English: fey, fae, fay

Borrowed from Middle French feie, fee, from Old French fae, from Vulgar Latin Fāta.

(rare) Something which is magical, enchanted, or otherworldly.


blomes

From blome (“bloom”) + -es (“plural suffix”).


blomes

From blome (“chunk of iron”) + -es (“plural suffix”).


Sclave

English: Slav

Borrowed from Late Latin Sclavus̄ (“Slav”), from Byzantine Greek Σκλάβος (Sklábos). Doublet of sclave.


wurt

Alternative form of wort (“brewing wort”)


surement

English: surement

From Old French seürement; equivalent to sure + -ment.

Euery surement and euery bond.

1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Frankeleyns Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC:


chantor

Alternative form of chauntour (“enchanter”)


wathe

From Old English wāþ and Old Norse veiðr.


yë

[...] And smale fowles maken melodye,
That slepen al the night with open yë, [...]

late 14th century, Geoffrey Chaucer, General Prologue, The Canterbury Tales, line 9-10

… And small fowls make melody,
Those that sleep all the night with open eyes, …


eyre

Alternative form of eere (“ear of grain”)


eccho

English: echo

Scots: echo

Borrowed from Medieval Latin ecco, from Latin echo, from Ancient Greek ἠχώ (ēkhṓ), from ἠχή (ēkhḗ, “sound”).

A favourable response made to flatter someone.


stith

English: stith (dialectal)

Scots: styth

Inherited from Old English stīþ, from Proto-West Germanic *stinþ, from Proto-Germanic *stinþaz.

Mighty, flourishing, profuse; indicative of wealth.

Severe, intense, powerful; having intensity.

Merciless, unforgiving; showing no quarter.


stith

English: stith (obsolete)

Borrowed from Old Norse steði, *steð; the vocalism in /i/ may be due to influence from smyth and smythy. Doublet of stithy.


spangel

English: spangle

Fingallian: spanciald (adj.)

From spang (“a small piece of ornamental metal; a spangle; a small ornament; a bowl or cup”), equivalent to spang + -el (agentive suffix).

A litell cheyne of gold wyth a perle hangyng therby and ij spangell of gold.

small piece of ornamental metal, spangle; a small ornament


whelke

Ne oynement that wolde clense and byte, / That hym myghte helpen of his whelkes white.


frenge

English: fringe

Scots: freenge

From Old French frenge, from Vulgar Latin *frimbia, from Late Latin fimbria, a singular back-formed from fimbriae.

fringe (as part of clothing or as length for use on clothing)


aspe

English: asp (aspen)

Scots: esp

Inherited from Old English æspe, from Proto-West Germanic *aspu, from Proto-Germanic *aspō.


aspe

English: asp

Scots: aisp

Borrowed from Old French aspe, from Latin aspis. Doublet of aspide, from Latin oblique forms.


graning

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of gronynge


resistence

English: resistance, resistence

Scots: resistance

From Old French resistence, from Latin resistentia; equivalent to resisten + -ence.

Military resistance or opposition to a government.

Passive or peaceful resistance or opposition to a government.

Challenge, obstruction; a hazard or obstacle.

(rare) Hardness, rigidity; the state of being firm or non-flexible.

(rare) An opposing argument; a response to an argument

(rare) An individual's capability for resisting.


bugge

Likely from Proto-Germanic *bugja- (“swollen up, thick”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰew-, *bu- (“to swell”). Compare bigge (“powerful, strong”), Norwegian bugge (“big man”), dialectal Low German Bögge, Boggelmann (“goblin, snot”) from Proto-Germanic *pūkô (“a goblin, spook”).

ncog

As a bugge either a man of raggis in a place where gourdis wexen kepith no thing, so ben her goddis of tree. — Wycliffe Bible, 1425, W:Letter of Jeremiah (W:Book of Baruch 6:69). loose translation of the Latin "Nam sicut in cucumerario formido nihil custodit, ita sunt dii illorum lignei...", in turn translating the Greek "Ωσπερ γαρ εν σικυηρατω προβασκανιον ουδεν φυλασσον, ουτως οι θεοι αυτων εισι ξυλινοι..."


gipser

An anlas and a gipser al of silk
Heng at his gerdul

1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Prologues”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC:


hwelp

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of whelp


ethem

From Old English ǣþm (“air, breath, breathing; vapor; blast; hole to breathe through; smell”). Cognate with German atmen (“to breathe”).


crouke

From Old English crūce, from Proto-West Germanic *krūkā.

And whan that dronken al was in the crouke,
To bedde went the doghter right anon; [...]

late 14th century, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Reeve's Tale, The Canterbury Tales, line 4158-4159

And when all that was in the crock was drunk,
To bed went the daughter right away; …


radiche

desctree

English: radish, raddish (obsolete)
→? Malay: rades
→ Maori: rātihi

Scots: raidish

→? Irish: raidis

From Old English redic, rædic, from Proto-West Germanic *rādik, borrowed from Latin rādīcem (“root of a plant; radish”); later influenced by Anglo-Norman radich, radice and Middle French radice.

der

Raphanus sativus
Raphanus sativus#Translingual


selly

English: selly

Scots: selly

From Old English sellīċ, seldlīċ, syllīċ, from Proto-Germanic *seldalīkaz; equivalent to selde (“uncommon”) + -ly.

A wondrous or astounding happening or action.


moeble

English: (obsolete) moble

Borrowed from Old French moeble, mueble (“movable”), from Latin mōbilis.

For that she is so worthye thou shuldest not clymbe so hygh, for thy moebles and thyne estate arne voyded.

c. 1387, Thomas Usk, chapter VIII, in The Testament of Love Book I:

(in the plural) movable goods, personal possessions


drit

English: dirt

Yola: dhurth

From Old Norse drit (“excrement”), from Proto-Germanic *dritą, *dritō (“excrement”).


chaunge

English: change

Scots: cheenge, chinge, cheynge

/ˈt͡ʃɔnd͡ʒ(ə)/

/ˈt͡ʃɔːnd͡ʒ(ə)/

Borrowed from Old French change, chaunge, from Latin cambium, from Gaulish cambion (“change”).

Change; the process of becoming different.

Fluctuation, inconstancy; the state of being variable.

Exchange (giving in compensation for something received):

Moneychanging; the exchange of currency.

An exchange (a place for moneychanging).

(rare, hunting) An attempt by a stag to escape pursuit.


defaute

English: default

c. 1368, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Book of the Duchess, as recorded c. 1440–1450 in Bodleian Library MS. Fairfax 16, folio 130r

I have so many idle thoughts / Purely from lack of sleep / That I swear I take no heed / Of anything, whether it comes or goes, / And nothing is either dear to me or hated.

I have so many an ydel thoght / Purely for defaulte of slepe / That by my trouthe I take no kepe / Of noo thinge how hyt cometh or gooth / Ne me nys no thynge leve nor looth

absence, failure to appear somewhere, especially (law) failure to appear in court

fault, guilt, culpability, responsibility for something bad


kempen

From Old English cempan; equivalent to kempe + -en (plural suffix).


clote

From Old English clāte, from Proto-West Germanic *klaitā.

1380s, John Wycliffe, Bible, Osee [Hosea], 9, vi,
A nettle schal enherite the desirable siluer of hem, a clote schal be in the tabernaclis of hem.

14thC, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Prologe of the Chanouns Yemannes Tale, The Canterbury Tales, 1987, Larry Dean Benson (editor), The Riverside Chaucer, 2008, 3rd Edition, page 270,
A clote-leef he hadde under his hood / For swoot and for to keep his heed from heete.


husbonde

desctree

English: husband
⇒ Chinese: 黑漆板凳 (hēiqī bǎndèng) (obsolete)
→ Japanese: ハズバンド (hazubando)
⇒ English: husbando

Scots: husband

→ Welsh: hwsmon

Inherited from Old English hūsbonda; equivalent to hous + bonde.

A farmer or villein; one who tends to the soil.

(rare) A resident; one who lives somewhere.


nyghtertale

English: nightertale

A calque of Old Norse náttarþel, as if nyght + -er + tale.

So hoote he loued / that by nyghtertale / He slepte namooꝛe / than dooth a nyghtyngale

1387–1400, [Geoffrey] Chaucer, “Here Bygynneth the Book of the Tales of Caunt́burẏ”, in The Tales of Caunt́bury (Hengwrt Chaucer; Peniarth Manuscript 392D), Aberystwyth, Ceredigion: National Library of Wales, published [c. 1400–1410], →OCLC, folio 3, recto, lines 96-97:

He loved so ardently / that at nighttime / He didn't sleep any more / than a nightingale does.


herberer

English: harborer, harbourer

From herberwe + -er; compare herberjour.

A host; who provides accommodation or hospitality.

(hunting) One who trails a quarry to its lair.


water

English: water (see there for further descendants)

Geordie English: watter, wetter

Scots: watter

Yola: waudher, wadher

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *wed-
Proto-Indo-European *-r̥
Proto-Indo-European *wódr̥
Proto-Germanic *watōr
Proto-West Germanic *watar
Old English wæter
Middle English water
From Old English wæter, from Proto-West Germanic *watar, from Proto-Germanic *watōr.

etymon

al ſwa great ſwa a beam:
þe he leide in ane walle ſtream.
Þe ilke makeð þat water hot:
& þan folc halwende.

c. 1190, Layamon, Brut, MS. Cotton Caligula A ix edition:


ronner

Fleshly janglers, flatterers and blamers, ronkers and ronners, and all manner of pinchers, cared I never that they saw this book

14th century, The Cloud of Unknowing, Chapter 74


peregal

From Old French par egal (“in the same way”).


bastardie

English: bastardy, bastardry

From Middle French bastardie; equivalent to bastard + -ie. Some forms are remodelled as bastard + -erie.

bastardy (quality of being a bastard, of being born out of wedlock)


temse

English: temse, tems, tempse

Scots: teemse

Inherited from Old English *temes, from Proto-West Germanic *tamisu, of unclear origin.


flok

English: flock

Yola: vlock

From Old English flocc, from Proto-Germanic *flukkaz.


starn

(chiefly Northern) Alternative form of sterne


jordan

English: jordan


chosling

From chosen (“chosen”, past participle) + -ling.


lyth

English: lith

Scots: lith

From Old English liþ (“limb, member, joint, point”).

inh

A point in the body where bones meet; a joint.


inwardes

From inward + -es (“plural-forming ending”).


chanteor

Alternative form of chauntour (“enchanter”)


chippe

English: chip

Scots: chip

Yola: chemis (plural)

→ Old French: chippe, chipe

Middle French: chiffe

French: chiffe

⇒ French: chiffon

→ English: chiffon


roote

Alternative form of rote (“rote (musical instrument)”)


heeth

English: heath, heather

Scots: haithe (in compounds)

14th c. Geoffrey Chaucer, The Canterbury Tales. General Prologue: 5-6.
Whan Zephirus eek with his sweete breeth
Inspired hath in every holt and heeth


croppe

English: crop

desc

Scots: crap, crop, croip, cropt, croup, croop

From Old English cropp, from Proto-Germanic *kruppaz (“body; lump; bunch; crop”).

inh

14th c. Geoffrey Chaucer, The Canterbury Tales. General Prologue: 5-6.
The tendre croppes, and the yonge sonne
Hath in the Ram his halfe cours yronne,


companye

desctree

English: company
→ Hindi: कंपनी (kampnī)
→ Hokkien: 公班衙 (kong-pan-gêe / kong-pan-gê)
→ Malay: kompeni
→ Scottish Gaelic: companaidh
→ Swahili: kampuni

Scots: company

Welsh: cwmni

A company, band, small group, or team of people; mainly in the following senses:

An army or multitude of angels; a band heavenly warriors.

A troop; a military force or concentration.

A guild; an organisation dedicated to the advancement of a profession.

An informal group of people; especially guests or visitors.

Accompaniment, company, companionship; having companions.

Copulation; sexual activity or intercourse.

Linkedness, connection, similarity, likeness.

(rare) A large quantity of objects or things.


fowele

14th c. Geoffrey Chaucer, The Canterbury Tales. General Prologue: 9-11.
And smale foweles maken melodye,
That slepen al the nyght with open eye-
(So priketh hem Nature in hir corages);


hostelerie

English: hostelry

Borrowed from Middle French hostellerie, from Old French hostelerie, ostelerie; equivalent to hostel + -erie.


felaweshipe

English: fellowship

Equivalent to felawe + -schipe; either a new ME formation or adapted from Old Norse félagskapr, félagsskapr.

Partnership or companionship; having company:

Intense; partnership or companionship; having friendship.

Festiveness, cheer, merriment; feasting and joy.

A spirit of familiarity and closeness; comradeship.

Religious or heavenly fellowship, connection, or partnership.

A fellowship, band, or company; a group united by a goal:

A group of those who adhere or follow another's teachings.

A troop or band; a military force or grouping.

A military, trade or religious organisation or association.

A religious or heavenly community of believers.

(rare) Similarity, connection (or something that is connected).


sider

English: cider
→ Bulgarian: са́йдер (sájder)
→ Finnish: siideri
→ Jersey Dutch: sâiter
→ Japanese: サイダー (saidā)
→ Korean: 사이다 (saida)

Scots: cedar (obsolete)

→ Welsh: seidr

From Old French cisdre, sidre, from Medieval Latin sīcera, from Ancient Greek σίκερα (síkera), from Hebrew שֵׁכָר (šēḵār). Doublet of ciser.

der

Hebrew שֵׁכָר (šēḵār)

Hard cider or an analogous beverage made of other fruits.

Any alcoholic beverage of great strength and potency.


agrement

English: agreement

From Old French agrement; equivalent to agreen + -ment.

An understanding or agreement; a state of mutual shared opinion.

(rare) Monetary compensation or remuneration.

(rare) The conditions agreed upon when settling a bill.


amirail

From Anglo-Norman and Old French amirail etc., from Medieval Latin amiralis, from Arabic أَمِير (ʔamīr, “commander”) + -alis (“-al”).

Alternative form of amiral, emir or admiral.


pentangel

THEN þay schewed hym þe schelde, þat was of schyr goulez
Wyth þe pentangel depaynt of pure golde hwez.
He braydez hit by þe bauderyk, aboute þe hals kestes,
Þat bisemed þe segge semlyly fayre.
And quy þe pentangel apendez to þat prynce noble
I am in tent yow to telle, þof tary hyt me schulde:
Hit is a syngne þat Salamon set sumquyle
In bytoknyng of trawþe, bi tytle þat hit habbez,
For hit is a figure þat haldez fyue poyntez,
And vche lyne vmbelappez and loukez in oþer,
And ayquere hit is endelez; and Englych hit callen

Late 1300s, Sir Gawain and the Green Knight 2.6 (transl. by W.A. Neilson 1999, Cambridge, Ontario: In Parentheses Publications)

Then they showed him the shield, that was of sheer gules, with the pentangle painted in pure gold. He took it by the baldric and cast it about his neck; and it became the hero passing fair. And why the pentangle pertains to that noble prince I mean to tell you, though it should delay me. It is a sign that Solomon set formerly as a token of truth, by its own right, for it is a figure that holds five points, and each line overlaps and locks in another; and throughout it is endless; and the English call it everywhere, as I hear, the endless knot.


clei

Alternative form of cley (“wooden frame”)


beð

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of bath


coyne

Alternative form of coyn (“coin, quoin”)


enemye

If hungur riſiþ in þe lond and peſtilence and ruſt and wynd diſtriynge cornes and a locuste and bꝛuke comeþ and if enemyes biſegen þe ȝatis of þe citee aftir þat þe cuntreis ben diſtried and al veniaunce and ſikenesse oppꝛeſſiþ[…]

a. 1382, John Wycliffe, “2 Paralipomenon 6:28”, in Wycliffe's Bible:

If hunger rises in the land, and pestilence, rust, wind, destroying grain, and locusts and their young come, and if enemies besiege a city's gates after the city's surrounds are ruined, and when any destruction and disease oppresses (people) […]


kythe

To tellen al my drem aryght. Now kythe thyn engyn and myght!

1380, Chaucer, “II.19”, in The House of Fame:

1385. Geoffrey Chaucer, Legend Good Women (Prologue, 492). Sche kytheth what she is.


tenel

English: teanel (dialectal)

From Old English tēnil, tǣnel, from Proto-West Germanic *tainīl, diminutive of *tainijā. Cognate with Middle High German zeinel (“basket”), German Zainler (“basket-maker”).


mawe

English: maw

Scots: maw

From Old English maga, from Proto-West Germanic *magō, from Proto-Germanic *magô.

The stomach or guts of an organism; also when used as food.

One of the various organs of the belly; one's entrails; especially:

The belly or stomach; the part of the body between the chest and the torso.


bokeleer

English: buckler

From Old French bocler, boucler, bucler, from Vulgar Latin *bucculārius (“bossed”), from Latin buccula (“boss”).


ale-stake

A garland had he set upon his head As great as it werin for an ale-stake.


chestes

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.


tyma

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of tyme (“time”)


tisike

From Anglo-Norman, from Latin phthisicus (“suffering from tuberculosis”), from Ancient Greek φθισικός (phthisikós, “consumptive”), from φθίσις (phthísis, “tuberculosis, consumption”).

der

c. 1240, Gilbertus Anglicus, Compendium Medicinae, Ch. 10 Part 4.
Tisike is a destruccion of þe kyndely moistnes of a mannes body.

Phthisic is a destruction of the kindly moistness of a man's body.

phthisis, phthisic (Any atrophic or wasting disease).


nið

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of nith


hoggeshed

English: hogshead

→ Old French: hoggeshed


losenge

English: lozenge

Scots: lozen

From Old French losenge (“lozenge, rhombus”).


helthe

English: health

Scots: helth, halth

Inherited from Old English hǣlþ, from Proto-West Germanic *hailiþu, from Proto-Germanic *hailiþō (“wholeness; health”), equivalent to hole (“whole”) + -the (abstract nominal suffix).


purgatorie

English: purgatory

Borrowed from Old French purgatore, purgatoire, from Medieval Latin purgātōrium; equivalent to purgen + -atorie.

A situation where one suffers; purgatory.


digit

English: digit


planete

planet

From Old French planete, from Latin planeta, planetes, from Ancient Greek πλανήτης (planḗtēs, “wanderer”), from Ancient Greek πλανάω (planáō, “wander about, stray”), of unknown origin. Perhaps from a Proto-Indo-European *pel- (“to wander, roam”).

der

(astronomy) Each of the seven celestial bodies seen as moving relative to the rest of the stars: the Moon, Mercury, Venus, the Sun, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn.

(rare) Any celestial body, include the fixed stars.


planete

(Christianity, hapax) The outermost garment worn by clergy celebrating the Eucharist; a chasuble.


dewe

English: due

Borrowed from Old French deu (“due”), past participle of devoir (“to owe”), from Latin debere (“to owe”), from de (“from”) + habere (“to have”).

Something which is fitting or appropriate for one's deeds.

Something which is expected, customary or suitable.

Something which one is obligated or duty-bound to do.


remors

English: remorse

From Anglo-Norman remors; compare remorden.


Turke

English: Turk

From Old French Turc, Anglo-Norman Turk. See English Turk for more.


meyne

English: meinie (archaic)

Scots: menyie, menzie

Yola: meany

From Anglo-Norman meine, meignee and Old French mesne, from Vulgar Latin *mānsiōnāta. Compare mansioun.

Dowglas h[is] menȝe faſt gan chaß, / And þe flearis þ[air] wayis tays / Till þe caſtell in full gꝛet hy[…]

c. 1375, “Book VI”, in Iohne Barbour, De geſtis bellis et uirtutibus domini Roberti de Brwyß […] (The Brus, Advocates MS. 19.2.2), Ouchtirmunſye: Iohannes Ramſay, published 1489, folio 21, recto, lines 435-437; republished at Edinburgh: National Library of Scotland, c. 2010:

Douglas's host starts moving fast / while the escapees cut a path / to the castle with incredible haste […]

A band (group of people):
An army or troop; a group of armed men.

That for the tyraunt is of greater might / By force of meyne, to ſlee downe right / And brenne houſe & home, & make al playn, / Lo therfore is he called a capitayne / And for the outlawe hath but ſmal meyne

1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Manciples Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC, folio xcix, recto, column 2:

A band (group of people):
A retinue; a band of attendants.

A band (group of people):
A crowd (large, disordered group)


perre

English: perry

Scots: peerie

From Old French peré, perey (modern French poiré), from Vulgar Latin *piratum; related to pere (“pear”).


perre

From Anglo-Norman perree, pirrie (compare Old French pierrerie).


tenche

English: tench

From Old French tenche, from Late Latin tinca.

The tench (Tinca tinca) or a similar fish.


gige

→ English: guige

Borrowed from Old French guige, from Frankish *widdja.

(rare, Late Middle English) guige (shield strap)


stiere

Alternative form of stere (“rudder, control”)


webe

Alternative form of web (“woven fabric, web”)


heyl

Alternative form of heil (“health, welfare”)


depe

English: deep

A watery body that has significant deepness.

(rare) deep (a portion of watery body that has significant deepness)

(rare) The sea floor; the part of the ground that is submersed.

(rare, Late Middle English) The inside of a territorial unit.


synagoge

English: synagogue

→ Middle Welsh: synagoc

Welsh: synagog

and Iḣc ȝede aboute al galilee techynge in þe ſynagogıs of hem · ⁊ pꝛechynge þe goſpel of þe kyngdom ⁊ heelynge eùy langoꝛe ⁊ ech ſıkeneſſe among þe puple /

c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Matheu 4:23, page 1v, column 1, lines 13–17; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:

And Jesus went about all Galilee, teaching in the synagogues of them, and preaching the gospel of the kingdom, and healing every languor and each sickness among the people.https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+4%3A23&version=WYC

And whãne he paſſide fro þẽnꝯ .· he cam in to þe ſynagoge of hem /

c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Matheu 12:9, page 6r, column 2, lines 4–3 from the bottom; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:

And when he passed from thence, he came into the synagogue of them.https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Matthew+12%3A9&version=WYC


faderes

From Old English fæderas; equivalent to fader + -es (“plural ending”).

Alternative form of fadres (“fathers”): plural of fader


faderes

Alternative form of fadres (“father's”): genitive of fader


tredel

English: treadle

From Old English tredel; equivalent to tred + -el (agentive suffix).

(rare) A platform for one's feet; a stair.


tode

English: toad

Scots: tade, taid, taed, ted

From Old English *tāde, a shortening of tādie, tādiġe, of uncertain origin. Compared to Old Norse and modern Danish tudse (“toad”), but OED rejects this because the zero grade of ai is i, not u. Possibly from a common Proto-Germanic word *tod (“small”), compared to Proto-Germanic *tūdrijaz (“small, frail”) (modern English tidbit) or *taltōną (“to sway, dangle, hesitate”) (modern English toddle), referring to its short steps.

cog

A toad (dry-skinned member of the order Anura)

The toad seen as a foul, devilish, and vile animal.

(rare, derogatory) A sinner; a nasty or loathsome person.

(rare, alchemy) The remnants of an element used in alchemical transmutation.


goren

plural of gore (“patch (of land, fabric), clothes”)


gorst

English: gorse

Yola: goss, gorr

From Old English gors, gorst, from Proto-West Germanic *gerstu, from Proto-Germanic *gerstō.

Ulex europaeus
Ulex europaeus#Translingual

Gorse (Ulex europaeus) or a similar plant.


sorre

A meal with diced fish or eels as a key ingredient.


ferde

>? English: ferd

From Old English fierd, fyrd, feord, from Proto-West Germanic *fardi, from Proto-Germanic *fardiz, from Proto-Indo-European *per- (“to put across, ferry”); compare faren. Forms with a final vowel are from the Old English oblique forms.
Cognate with Old Frisian ferd, fart (“an expedition, journey”), Old High German fart (“journey”) (German Fahrt), Danish færd (“voyage, travel”).

der

With þe wille I go als felawes in ferd.

With you I will go as fellows in an army.

And foure scoure fyne shippes to the flete broght... with fyfty, in a furthe, all of fuerse vesell.
(And four score fine ships to the fleet brought... with fifty in a troop, all of fierce vessel.)

c. 1400, The Gest Hystoriale of the Destruction of Troy:

(rare, Early Middle English) A military expedition.


nith

Inherited from Old English nīþ (“envy, hatred, affliction”), from Proto-West Germanic *nīþ, from Proto-Germanic *nīþą, from Proto-Indo-European *neyH- (“to be angry”).
Cognate with Dutch nijd (“envy”), German Neid (“envy, jealousy”), regional Swedish nid (“hatred, envy”), Icelandic níð (“hatred, envy”).

der

Enmity, spite; hate towards another person.

(rare, more generally) Evil, affliction, harm.


lendes

A barme-cloth eke as white as morwe milk Upon her lendes.

1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Myllers Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC:

and þis ioon hadde cloþyng of camelis heeris .· ⁊ a girdil of ſkyn aboute his leendis / and his meete was honyſoukes ⁊ hony of þe wode

c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Matheu 3:4, page 2r, column 1; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:

And this John wore camel-hair clothes and a leather belt around his waist; his food was locusts and wild honey.


answere

English: answer

Scots: answer, answere

From Old English andswaru, from Proto-West Germanic *andaswaru, from Proto-Germanic *andaswarō; equivalent to and- + sware. The second-syllable vocalism is presumably from the verb answeren; for the pronunciation with /au̯/, see Caunterbury.

A response to a query or questioning; an answering.

The answer for a problem or challenge; a solving.

A decision or response coming from a deity or divinity.

A legal defence or the privilege of being able to mount one.

(rare) A reply to a point; a counterpoint or countering.


loppes

From loppe (“spider”) + -es (plural suffix).


loppes

From loppe (“bough”) + -es (“plural suffix”).


mynter

English: minter

From Old English mynetere, from Proto-West Germanic *munitārī, from Latin monētārius.

(rare) mint (place where money is coined)


merche

English: march

Inherited from Old English mereċe, from Proto-West Germanic *marik.

Apium graveolens
Apium graveolens#Translingual

Wild celery or smallage (Apium graveolens).


plomme

English: plum (see there for further descendants)

Scots: ploom, ploum

From Old English plūme, plume (“plum”), from Proto-West Germanic *plūmā, from Latin prūnum, from Ancient Greek προῦνον (proûnon), προῦμνον (proûmnon). Doublet of prune.
For the phonological development, compare thoumbe.


twyn

English: twine

Scots: twine

From Old English twīn, from Proto-West Germanic *twiʀn; ultimately derived from Proto-Indo-European *dwi- (compare two).


hæt

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of hat


lete

English: leat, leet

Yola: leet


leornyng

That nis no treuthe of trinite, but tricherie of helle,
And a leornyng for lewed men, the latere forte dele.

c. 1390, Langland, Piers Plowman, A. i. 172-173:


steng

Inherited from Old English stenġ, from Proto-West Germanic *stangi, variant of *stangu, from Proto-Germanic *stangō.


rounde

English: round

Geordie English: roond

Scots: round, roond

Yola: rent

From Old French reont, from Late Latin retundus, from Latin rotundus.


wernard

From Old French *wernard, guernart (“deceitful”), from guernir ("to deny"; > modern French garnir), from Frankish *warnijan, related to Old Saxon wernian (“to deny”). Equivalent to warnen + -ard.

gloss

"to deny"; > modern French <i class="Latn mention" lang="fr">garnir</i>

Wel ȝe witen wernardes · but if ȝowre witte faille / That fals is faithlees · and fikel in his werkes.

c. 1385, William Langland, Piers Plowman, section II:


berme

English: barm

Scots: barm, berme, barme, baurm

Yola: barrm

From Old English beorma, from Proto-West Germanic *bermō.

The head of foam present in beer that is aging.

barm (froth used for fermented and leavened food)

(rare) The head of foam present in a glass of beer.


berme

Alternative form of barm (“belly, chest”)


sellere

English: seller

Scots: seller

(specifically) One who illegally sells clerical offices; a simoniac.


tois

This Chauntecleer stood hye vp-on hise tois // Strechynge his neke & held his eyen clos

ante''' 1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Canterbury Tales (Cambridge Univ. Lib. Gg. 4. 27), lines B4,521–2

This Chanticleer stood high upon his toes // Stretching his neck and held his eyne close

(of an animal) toes (digits of the foot)


chirche

English: church

Geordie English: chorch, kirk

Scots: kirk

Yola: chourch

From Old English ċiriċe, from Proto-West Germanic *kirikā, borrowed from Ancient Greek κυριακόν (kuriakón).

Foꝛ ouer ſithon ne · foꝛ baren. hi nouther circe ne cyrceiard. oc namen al þe god ð þar inne ƿaſ. ⁊ brenden ſythen þe cyrce ⁊ al te gædere.

p. 1154, “AD 1137”, in Anglo-Saxon Chronicle (MS. Laud Misc. 636, continuation), Peterborough, folio 89, verso; republished at Oxford: Digital Bodleian, 2018 February 8:

Because after a while, they spared neither churches or churchyards, but stole all the valuables within them before burning the church and everything in it.

Roman Catholic Church
Roman Catholic Church


wrek

English: wreck

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman wrek, itself borrowed from Old Norse *vrek.


sadel

English: saddle

→ Chichewa: sadulo

Scots: saddle, saidle

From Old English sadol, from Proto-West Germanic *sadul, from Proto-Germanic *sadulaz.

Forþy I ſay þe, as ſoþe as ȝe in ſadel ſitte, / Com ȝe þere, ȝe be kylled, may þe knyȝt rede, / Trawe ȝe me þat trwely, þaȝ ȝe had twenty lyues / to ſpende. / He hatz wonyd here ful ȝore / On bent much baret bende / Aȝayn his dyntez ſore / Ȝe may not yow defende

a. 1375, Gawain Poet, Sir Gawayn and þe Grene Knyȝt, page 118r, lines 2110–2117:

So I say to you, as sure as you sit in your saddle: / If you come there, you'll be killed if he wills, / trust me about that truly, like you had twenty lives / to spend. / He has lived here a long time; / when he pulls his bow, much conflict begins. / Against his powerful blows, / you won't be able to defend yourself.

A saddle; a seat on the back of a horse for horseriding.


fullere

English: fuller

From Old English fullere, from Latin fullō (“fuller”) + -ere; equivalent to fullen (“to full”) + -er. Compare Old French foleor.


medietee

English: mediety

Borrowed from the Classical Latin medietās.

1420–40?, an unknown translator of Palladius, On Husbondrie, book XI, § xlii, lines 288–9

(please add an English translation of this quotation)

The must decocte to his medietee // Or thridde parte thay caste to thaire wyne.


halpeni

English: halfpenny, ha'penny

Scots: halfpenny

Yola: haapney

From Late Old English halpenige, equivalent to half + peny (“penny”).

halpenis

Plural; without loss of final vowel, whence modern halfpennies

halpens

Plural; with loss of final vowel, whence modern halfpence

(biblical, Goddes halpenī) a coin from biblical times, a small foreign coin

(nautical, galeie halpenī) a small foreign coin

(halpenī of gold) an English gold coin worth five shillings, equivalent to a crown

(used in compounds, attributive) costing a halfpenny, weighing as much as halfpenny


twi

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of twig


advocatrice

English: advocatress

From Middle French advocatrice, from Old French advocatrice, from Medieval Latin advocatrix.

Swich an advocatrice who can dyvyne [...] our greeves to redress.

a. 1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, Orisoune to the Holy Virgin:


affodill

q

obsolete <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">affodill</i>

English: daffodil (obsolete affodill)

Scots: daffodil

Borrowed from Medieval Latin affodillus, from Latin asphodelus, from Ancient Greek ἀσφόδελος (asphódelos).

Allium ursinum
Allium ursinum#Translingual


woth

English: wothe

From the Old Norse váði (whence the Danish vaade, the Icelandic váðe, váði, the Norwegian vaade, vaae, and the Swedish våde, vaþe, vadhe), perhaps from vá (“harm”, “disaster”), whence the Icelandic vá (“danger”).


metropol

English: metropole

From Middle French metropole (“town with bishop's seat”), from Late Latin mētropolis, from Ancient Greek μητρόπολις (mētrópolis, “mother city”), from μήτηρ (mḗtēr, “mother”) + πόλις (pólis, “city (state)”).


trenche

English: trench

Middle Scots: trinch

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman trenche, from trenchier (“to cut”).

An abdominal affliction (such as a parasitic worm).

(military, rare) A trench; a narrow ditch used as cover.


ennu

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of anoy


brotherwort

English: brotherwort

From Old English brōþorwyrt; equivalent to brother + wort.

Mentha pulegium
Mentha pulegium#Translingual

Thymus serpyllum
Thymus serpyllum#Translingual

oregano (Origanum vulgare subsp. vulgare)


swyn

English: swine

Scots: swine

Inherited from Old English swīn, from Proto-West Germanic *swīn, from Proto-Germanic *swīną.

Nile ȝe ȝyue hooli þing to houndis · neþer caſte ȝe ȝoure margaritis bifoꝛe ſwyn / leſt parauenture þei defoulen hem wiþ her feet / ⁊ and þe houndes be turned and ⁊ to tere ȝou

c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Matheu 7:6, page 2r, column 2; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:

You shouldn't give holy things to dogs or throw your pearls at pigs, in case they trample them with their feet while the dogs are turned and rip at you.


pilegrim

English: pilgrim

desc

Scots: pilgrim, pelegrin, pilgrin, pilgren, pylgryne

From Old French peligrin, pellegrin, variants of pelerin, from Latin peregrīnus.

Of sondry folk, by aventure yfalle / In felaweshipe, and pilgrimes were they alle,

c. 1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Canterbury Tales, General Prologue, line LINES:

Of sundry persons who had chanced to fall / In fellowship, and pilgrims were they all


oximel

English: oxymel

From Late Latin oxymel, oxymeli, from Ancient Greek ὀξύμελι (oxúmeli).


chek

English: check, cheque (see there for further descendants)

From Old French eschec, from Medieval Latin scaccus, borrowed from Arabic شَاه (šāh), borrowed from Persian شاه (šâh), from Middle Persian 𐭬𐭫𐭪𐭠 (mlkʾ /šāh/), from Old Persian 𐏋 (XŠ /xšāyaθiya/, “king”). Compare ches.

(chess) The threatening of a king. [from 15th c.]

An assault, attack, or raid. [from 14th c.]

A deed, event or occurrence. [from 14th c.]

(rare) A checkered pattern. [from 15th c.]

(falconry, rare) A check. [from 15th c.]


priede

(Kent) Alternative form of pryde (“proudness”)


cammok

Kammokes & wedes Fouleth þe fruite in þe felde þere þei growe togyderes.

Bulmago, resta bouis, uel retinens boues idem. gall. restebeof, anglice cammok uel ysenherde.

Peucedona, i. cammoc.

hog fennel, sulphurwort, Peucedanum officinale

The Cambmok [L Ramnus] hatte rampnus and is a wel hard tree.

a. 1400, John Trevisa's translation of Bartholomaeus's De Proprietatibus Rerum

the common buckthorn, Rhamnus catharticus


savenes

English: safeness

(rare) The state of being saved from eternal torment.


jakke

English: jack

Yola: jock

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman jacke and Middle French jaque, jacque, from jacques (“peasant”), from the proper name Jacques.

A padded coat, especially as light armour.


schad

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of sched


teologye

Alternative form of theologi (“theology”)


knytter

English: knitter

A person who unites people or groups of people together.

Knitter, a person who knits as an occupation.


organer

From organ, organe (“musical instrument; organ”) + -er.

af

A person who plays a musical instrument; an instrumentalist.

A person who plays the organ; an organist.


cenyth

English: zenith

Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin cenit.

lbor

This lyne Meridional ys but a Maner descripcion or the ymagined, that passeth vpon the pooles of þis the world And by the cenyth of owre heued.

c. 1391, Geoffrey Chaucer, Treatise on the Astrolabe:

(astronomy) zenith (point in the sky vertically above a given position or observer)


noctiluca

noctilūca (canonical)
noctilucae (plural)

From Medieval Latin noctilūca (“something which shines by night”).


milwell

English: milwell

desc

Latin: melewellus, miluuellus, milvellus, milwellus, mulewellus, muluwellus, mulvellus, mulwellus

From Anglo-Norman; see the English section above.


taillour

desctree

English: tailor
→ Esperanto: tajloro
→ Hausa: tēlà
→ Telugu: టైలరు (ṭailaru), టైలర్ (ṭailar)
→ Yoruba: télọ̀

Yola: tallyour (figuratively)


metels

What þis meteles bemeneth · ȝe men þat be merye / Deuine ȝe for I ne dar · bi dere god in heuene.

c. 1390, William Langland, Piers Plowman, Prologue:

What this vision means, you men that are merry, you divine, for I dare not, by dear God in heaven.


gayle

(Late Middle English) Alternative form of gayole


biyete

From Old English begēate, a deverbal noun from beġietan (Middle English begeten).

And now worth þis Mede ymaried · to a mansed schrewe / To one fals fikel tonge · a fendes biȝete.


ten hests

Vnboxome and bolde · to breke þe ten hestes.


chesten

Alternative form of chesteyne (“chestnut”)


yeresyeve

That fyre shal falle and berne · al to blo askes / The houses and þe homes · of hem þat desireth / Ȝiftes or ȝeresȝyues · bi-cause of here offices.

c. 1385, William Langland, Piers Plowman, section III:

A gift given at the start of the year, or at the start of a term of office.


loveday

English: loveday (now historical)

(figuratively) Any time of peaceableness.


stunde

Alternative form of stound: various spans of time.


forbisen

From Old English forebȳsen (“example”), from fore- + bȳsen (“model, exemplar, pattern, parable, command”), from Proto-Germanic *būsniz (“command, precept”), from Proto-Germanic *beudaną (“to ask, beg”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰewdʰ- (“to be awake, perceive fully”). Cognate with Old Saxon am-busan (“a command, precept”), Gothic 𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌱𐌿𐍃𐌽𐍃 (anabūsns, “a command”), Old Norse býsn (“wonder, premonition”). More at bid.

cog

an example or or model (to be imitated); a precedent


ladde

English: lad

Scots: lad

Probably from North Germanic, possibly Old Norse ladd (“hose, woolen stocking”); according to Liberman, words for socks, shoes, and stockings were used pejoratively as nicknames for fools. See also Swedish ladder (“old shoes”), lodde (“Frisian shoe”), lädder (“socks”), all said to be related to Old Norse loðinn (“hairy, shaggy, woolly”).

cog

A (male) servant or hireling (usually of a noble)

A male commoner; a man with a low position in society.

A man of low morals or behaviour (used derogatorily)

Any man (without qualification); an adult male human being.

A lad or boy; a male human child (including babies)

(rare) A infantryman; a fighter who isn't mounted.


emeraude

English: emerald

From Old French esmeraude, from Vulgar Latin *smaralda, *smaraldus, *smaraudus, variant of Latin smaragdus, from Ancient Greek σμάραγδος (smáragdos), μάραγδος (máragdos), from a Semitic language.


ssed

(Kent) shade (protection; darkness formed by blocking light)


aduant gardes

aduant garde
aduant garde#Middle_English


hathel

Scots: hathill

A conflation of Old English hæleþ (“man, hero, warrior”) and æþel (“noble”).


heleð

English: health

From Old English hæleþ (“man, hero, fighter”).


coffyn

English: coffin

Scots: coffin

From Old Northern French cofin, from Latin cophinus, from Ancient Greek κόφινος (kóphinos). Doublet of cofre.


reys

English: reys

Probably borrowed from Middle Dutch reise, from Old Dutch *reisa, from Proto-West Germanic *raisu.

And lyghtlye also ther they make her reys

c. 1475, The Libelle of Englyshe Polycye:

And also quickly they made their journey there.


warenne

English: warren

From Anglo-Norman warenne, variant of garenne, of disputed origin.

warren (breeding zone for small animals, especially rabbits).

(rare) The privilege of setting up such a zone.


valey

English: valley

Scots: vailey

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman valey, from Latin vallis. Compare vale.


peare

(Late Middle English) Alternative form of pere (“pear”)


translacioun

English: translation

From Anglo-Norman translacioun, from Latin trānslātiō; equivalent to translaten + -ioun.

Relocation, removal (to another location)

Divestment or giving away (of land, property, etc.)

Substitution or supersedure of religious law.

A (finished) translation of a work into another language.

(rare) Movement into heaven without death.

(rare) A total modification or alteration in appearance.


trenchour

English: trencher

→ Welsh: trensiwr

Yola: trenshoorès (plural)

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman trenchour; equivalent to trenchen + -our.


surnoun

Borrowed from Old French surnoun, from Late Latin supernōmen, suprānōmen; equivalent to sur- + noun.


Burgoyne

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman Borgoigne, from Late Latin Burgundia. For the phonological development, compare caroyne.


cheyne

English: chain

desc

obsolete <i class="Latn mention" lang="sco">chainzie</i>

Scots: cheen, chyne (obsolete chainzie)

Borrowed from Old French chaiene, from Latin catēna.

A chain; a set of metal links (especially to fetter or bind).

(figurative) Something which compels, controls, or obligates.

(figurative) A marital or romantic union; something that links two together.


seignurie

English: seigniory, signory

From Old French seignurie; equivalent to senyour + -ie.


fery

Alternative form of ferie (“ferry crossing”)


peple

English: people

Scots: people

Borrowed from Old French pueple and Anglo-Norman people, from Latin populus, from Proto-Italic *poplos.

people (a group or class of individuals)

subjects (of a ruler), followers (of a doctrine)

commoners (as opposed to nobility or clergy)


vynegre

desctree

English: vinegar
→ Japanese: ビネガー (binegā)
→ Welsh: finegr

Scots: veenegar

From Old French vinaigre; but sometimes interpreted as a compound of wyn + egre.

vinegar, especially that made from wine (often used in cooking, medicine and as a garnish).


barke

English: barque, bark

From Middle French barque, from Late Latin barca, from Vulgar Latin barica, from Ancient Greek βάρις (báris), from Coptic ⲃⲁⲁⲣⲉ (baare), from Egyptian bꜣjr.

It [i.e. love] is the star to every wandering barke
whose worth's unknown although his height be taken.

1609, William Shakespeare, “Sonnet 116”, in Shake-speares Sonnets. […], London: By G[eorge] Eld for T[homas] T[horpe] and are to be sold by William Aspley, →OCLC:

(rare, Late Middle English) A seafaring vessel.


bowe

English: bow

Scots: bow

→ Middle Welsh: bwa

Welsh: bwa

From Old English boga, from Proto-West Germanic *bogō, in turn from Proto-Germanic *bugô.


hundreth

Alternative form of hundred (“administrative division”)


degre

English: degree

Scots: degree

Borrowed from Old French degré, degréz (hence the variant degrece); equivalent to de- + gre.

Someone's personal characteristics, position, or background:

A degree or generation of ancestry; a stage in one's family history.

Social or professional standing or status; one's position in society or a subset of it.

People of a certain status or ranking; a group defined by status.

Prestigiousness or achievement, especially that earned in battle.

(rare) One's lineage or ancestry; one's family background.

The state, quality, or status of something; something's current characteristics:

A distinguishing quantity; degree, amount, or extent:

(grammar) A type or extent of grammatical comparison.

(medicine) A degree of severity of medical conditions.

The status of something on a scale (relating to other things)

The state of one's behaviour; one's way, bearing, or method.

(rare) The inherent state or quality of something; something's intrinsic characteristics.

(rare) Something as marked by its distinguishing features; a variety or sort of something.

(geometry) An angular measurement amounting to 1/360 of a circle.

A measurement of time amounting to around four minutes.

A degree (educational qualification handed out by tertiary institutions)

A step, gree or rung; a part of a staircase.

A stage as part of a scale of virtues or values.

(rare) The length covered by a step or movement of one's feet.


dred

English: dread

Scots: dreid, dreed

Fear, dread; the state of being frightened:

Anxiousness; the state of being anxious.

(rare) Fearfulness; the state of tending to fear.

Danger or jeopardy; something causing danger.

(with a negative) Lack of certainty; doubt.


ratoun

English: ratton (dialectal)

Scots: ratton

From Anglo-Norman ratoun; equivalent to ratte + -oun.

Wiþ þat ran þere a route · of ratones at ones / And smale mys with hem · mo þen a þousande

With that a rout of rats ran at once, / and small mice with them; more than a thousand.


merciment

Riȝt so is loue a ledere · and þe lawe shapeth / Vpon man for his mysdedes · þe merciment he taxeth.

c. 1385, William Langland, Piers Plowman, section I:


diall

English: dial

Scots: dial

Borrowed from Middle French dyal, from Latin diālis.

A pointer on a dial (e.g. a clock hand or a compass point)

(rare) A timekeeping instrument, method, or device:

(rare) A sundial (timekeeping device using the sun)

(rare) A clock (mechanical timekeeping device)


solempnete

From Anglo-Norman solempneté, alternative form of solemnité (Modern French solennité).


lomen

From Old English lōman; equivalent to lome + -en (plural suffix).


feblesse

English: feblesse (obsolete)

From Old French feblesce; equivalent to feble + -esse.

The state of being physically weak or feeble.

(rare) The state of being impotent or faint.

(rare) The state of being unfaithful or immoral.


selde

English: seld (obsolete)

From Old English seld, a form of Old English setl, from Proto-Germanic *setlą.

A seat, a throne; a headquarters or capital.


reke

Yola: reeke

From Old English hrēac, from Proto-Germanic *hraukaz.


weyn

(Northern) Alternative form of wyn (“wine”)


stronde

Thanne longen folk to goon on pilgrimages
And palmeres for to seken straunge strondes

late 14th c. Geoffrey Chaucer, The Canterbury Tales. General Prologue

Then folk do long to go on pilgrimage,
And palmers to go seeking out strange strands,
To distant shrines well known in distant lands.

To ferne halwes, kowthe in sondry londes;


slynger

English: slinger

Scots: slinger


slynge

English: sling

Scots: sling, slung

Possibly from Middle Low German slenge or a back-formation from slyngen.

A sling (strap used to sling projectiles)

A piece of fabric suspended between supports used to hold or carry something.


chet

English: cheat

(rare, Late Middle English) Bread of lower quality (than manchet)


forfader

English: forefather

Scots: forefaither, forefader


compassement

From Old French compassement; equivalent to compas + -ment.

Guile, craft, or plotting; the practice of sleight-of hand.

A scheme or plan formulated in secrecy and with malicious intent.

And men may well prove by experience and subtle compassment of wit, that if a man found passages by ships that would go to search the world, men might go by ship all about the world and above and beneath.

1357, John Mandeville, The Travels of Sir John Mandeville, modernized spelling edition:

(rare) The utilisation or application of knowledge.


sparre

English: spar

Scots: spar

From Middle Low German or Middle Dutch sparre, from Proto-West Germanic *sparrō, from Proto-Germanic *sparrô.


eien

From Old English eagan; equivalent to eie (“eye”) + -en (plural suffix).


bassene

(Late Middle English) Alternative form of basyn


ynne

But nowe ſadde Winter welked hath the day, / And Phœbus weary of his yerely taſ-ke: / Yſtabled hath his ſteedes in lowlye laye / And taken vp his ynne in Fiſhes haſ-ke.

[1579, Immeritô [pseudonym; Edmund Spenser], “Nouember. Ægloga Vndecima.”, in The Shepheardes Calender: […] (in English), London: […] Hugh Singleton, […], →OCLC, folio 44, verso:


prophecie

English: prophecy

Scots: prophecy

Borrowed from Old French prophetie, from Latin prophētīa, from Ancient Greek προφητεία (prophēteía).

A prediction or prophecy; a religious foretelling.

The prophecies within the Old Testament or the part of Mass containing it.

Prediction or prophecy in general; the practice of making prophecies.

The ability to make prophecies or foretellings.

(rare) A presaging or sign of future events.


silf

From Old English self, seolf, sylf (“same, self, very, own”), from Proto-Germanic *selbaz (“self”), from Proto-Indo-European *selbʰ- (“one's own”), from Proto-Indo-European *s(w)e- (“separate, apart”).


delite

English: delight (influenced by light)

Scots: delite, delicht (influenced by licht)

Yola: deligkt (influenced by lhygt)

From Old French delit, from the verb deliter.

Delightfulness; a feeling of joy or mirth, especially one that is sexual:

Enjoyability or delightfulness considered in the abstract or in general.

One's experiencing of delight; a delightful time or place.

A spiritual or religious feeling of gratitude, joy, and elation.

A feeling of delightfulness due to a certain activity or behaviour.

A want or wish; something that one would like to do.

A behaviour that induces delightfulness; a delight or pleasure:

A spiritual or religious pleasure, comfort, or belief.

Something done as fun, recreation, or entertainment.

Copulation; sexual intercourse or congress.


cuse

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of chese


plente

English: plenty

Yola: blenty

From Old French plenté, from Latin plēnitās, plēnitātem.


orenge

desctree

English: orange
→ Esperanto: oranĝo
→ Japanese: オレンジ (orenji)
→ Kashubian: orendż (Canada, United States)
→ Korean: 오렌지 (orenji)
→ Makah: ʔo·linčas
→ Malay: oren
→ Marshallese: oran

Scots: orange, oranger

From Old French orenge, from Old Occitan auranja, from Arabic نَارَنْج (nāranj).

(Late Middle English) orange (orange-coloured citrus fruit)

(Late Middle English, rare) orange (A tree that bears oranges)


narde

English: nard, nardus

From Old French narde and Old English nard, both from Latin nardus, from Ancient Greek νάρδος (nárdos), from Phoenician [Term?], ultimately from Sanskrit नलद (nálada).

Nardostachys jatamansi
Nardostachys jatamansi#Translingual

Nard (Nardostachys jatamansi) or a similar plant.

þerfoꝛ marie took a pound of oynement of trewe narde pꝛeciouſe / and anoyntide þe feet of iheſu .· ⁊ wipte hiſe feet wiþ hir heeris / and þe hous was fillid of þe ſauour of þe oynement

c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Joon 12:3, page 50v, column 1; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:

Then Mary took a pound of valuable pure nard ointment, anointed Jesus's feet, and wiped them with her hair; the house was filled with the ointment's scent.

nard (ointment derived from such a plant)


mawen

Feom Old English magan (“stomachs”), plural of maga, from Proto-Germanic *maganiz, plural of *magô; equivalent to mawe + -en (“plural suffix”).


bragot

desc

English: bragget, bracket, brackett, bragawd, braggett, braggot, bragot

From Middle Welsh bragawd, bragaut, bragod.

bragget (beverage made of ale and honey)


scid

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of schyd


chambres forene

chambre forene
chambre forene#Middle_English


chambre forene

In to a chambre forene þe gadelyng gan wende.

1297, Robert of Gloucester, Chronicle, page 310:

(euphemistic) A "room outdoors", an outhouse: an outbuilding used as a lavatory.


deduyt

Merlin ... thought that a moche fole were he yef he slepte so in his synne to lese his witte and his connynge for to have the deduyt of a mayden

Upon his hand he bar for his deduyt / An egle tame, as any lilye whyt.


lewed

From Old English lǣwede. According to the OED, of uncertain origin, but probably from Vulgar Latin *laigo-, from Late Latin laicus (“of the people”) + Old English -ede.
Otherwise, formally resembling a derivative of the past participle of Old English lǣwan (“to reveal, betray”) in the sense of "exposed as being unlearned" or "easily betrayed, clueless", from Proto-West Germanic *lāwijan (“to betray”), influenced in meaning by Latin laicus. If so, related to Middle English lewe (“treacherous”), belewen (“to hand over, betray”).

der

An ignorant or simple-minded individual.

Someone who is not involved in a clerical position.


fass

English: fas

Yola: fash

From Old English fæs; cognate to Middle High German vase.


mapemounde

Old French mapamonde, from Medieval Latin mappa mundī, compound of Latin mappa (“napkin, cloth”) and mundus (“world”). More at mappa


plovere

(Late Middle English) Alternative form of plover


thild

Inherited from Old English þyld (“patience”), from Proto-West Germanic *þuldi, from Proto-Germanic *þuldiz (“endurance, patience”). Analyzable as thole + -th through the original Proto-Germanic morphology.

inh

Sche hath nat no thild of hire.

patience, endurance, thole; the ability to endure or bear something


asche

Alternative form of asshe (“burnt matter”)


edre

From Old English ǣdre (“a vein, artery; sinew”).
Cognates include (from Germanic) Old Saxon -āðara (Dutch ader), Old High German ādra (German Ader), Old Norse æðr (Swedish åder); (from Indo-European) Ancient Greek ἦτορ (êtor, “heart”), Latin uterus, Old Irish inathar (“entrails”).


bendel

Yola: bandēle

Borrowed from Old French bendel, bandel, diminutive of bende, bande. (Related to English bandeau.)


cupes

plural of cupe (alternative form of cǒupes).


thost

English: thost

From Old English þost, from Proto-Germanic *þustaz.

fecal matter; dung or feces, especially that of animals


athem

Inherited from Old English ǣþm (“breath, breathing”), from Proto-Germanic *ēþmaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eh₁tmén-. Cognate with Dutch adem (“breath”), German Atem (“breath”).

inh+

Hir (their) eathem shone as doth light among thonner (darkness).

approx. 1225, Homily In Diebus Dominicis in Lambeth:


ympe

English: imp

Scots: imp

A shoot, twig or sprouting of a plant or shrub; a scion.

Þai sett hem doun al þre / Vnder a fair ympetre, / And wel sone þis fair quene / Fel on slepe opon þe grene.

c. late 13th or early 14th century, Oscar Zielke, editor, Sir Orfeo: Ein englisches Feenmärchen aus dem Mittelalter: […] [Sir Orfeo: An English Fairy Tale from the Middle Ages: […]], Breslau: Verlag von Wilhelm Koebner, published 1880, →OCLC, page 89, lines 67–70:

They set them down all three / Under a fair imp-tree, / And well soon this fair queen / Fell asleep upon the green.

A plant, especially one that is newly-grown or young.


wodegeld

English: woodgeld

From Old English *wudġeld, equivalent to wode + geld.


tressour

English: tressure

A combination of Old French tresseor and tressure.

(heraldry) border near the edge of a shield


tressour

Alternative form of tresour (“treasure”)


houting

Yola: whauteen, whateen


lous

English: louse

Scots: louse, loose

A person or thing worthy of contempt or ostracism.


galder

Inherited from Old English galdor, from Proto-West Germanic *galdr.


aurre

(Northern) Alternative form of ore (“oar”)


mylne

desctree

English: mill
Sranan Tongo: miri
→ Hindi: मिल (mil)

Scots: mill, mull

Yola: mile

From Old English mylen, from Proto-West Germanic *mulīnu.

A mill; a grinding apparatus or a building housing one:

(rare) A fulling mill (device for fulling)


snute

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of snowte


schalk

English: shalk

Middle Scots: schalk, schak, schaik

From Old English scealc, from Proto-West Germanic *skalk.

A fighter or combatant, especially one of noble birth.

(rare) A mythological or monstrous humanoid.

(rare) An attendant; one who acts as a servant.