tasel

desc

English: teasel, teazle, teasle, teazel, tazel

Scots: taisle, taissle, tassle

From Old English tǣsl, tǣsel, from Proto-West Germanic *taisilu; equivalent to tesen + -el (agentive suffix).
Forms with /a/, /aː/ are presumably from trisyllabic shortening in Old English inflected forms.

Dipsacus sativus
Wikispecies:Dipsacus sativus

teasel (Dipsacus sativus) or a similar plant.


pakkere

English: packer


nonnerie

English: nunnery

Scots: nunnery

From nonne (“nun”) + -erie (“-ery, -ry”).


schroud

English: shroud

Yola: shrude

From Old English sċrūd, from Proto-Germanic *skrūdą.


coket

Yola: pocket, pucket (misread)


rubbynge

English: rubbing

Yola: rebine


scough

Yola: robunkshough


hirste

mostly in placenames; obsolete <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">hirst</i>

English: hurst (mostly in placenames; obsolete hirst)

Scots: hirst, hist

From the oblique forms of Old English hyrst, from Proto-West Germanic *hursti.


phisonomie

English: physiognomy, physiognomonics, physiognomist, physiognomize

From Anglo-Norman phisonomie, Old French fisonomie, Medieval Latin physonomia, via Late Latin physiognōmia from Koine Greek φυσιογνωμίᾱ (phusiognōmíā, “physiology”), from φύσις (phúsis, “form, appearance; character, nature”) + γνώμη (gnṓmē, “means of knowing”).

af

physiognomy; the study of a person's physical attributes, particularly facial features, to discern a person's nature or character

the human face; facial expression, countenance


contemplaunce

[…] er he hadde any speche / With hye god, that is oure lyues leche / He fasted longe, and was in contemplaunce[.] / Aaron, that hadde the temple in gouernaunce […]

1387–1400, [Geoffrey] Chaucer, “The Somnours Tale”, in The Tales of Caunt́bury (Hengwrt Chaucer; Peniarth Manuscript 392D), Aberystwyth, Ceredigion: National Library of Wales, published [c. 1400–1410], →OCLC, folio 81, verso:

[…] before he spoke / With God on high, who is physician of our lives, / He spent a long time in fasting and contemplation. / Aaron, who governed the temple […]


maltode

English: maletote

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman maltolt, from Medieval Latin malatolta. See English maletote for more.


setewale

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman zedwal, from Old French citoval, zedeail, etc., ultimately from Arabic جَدْوَار (jadwār). See zedoary.

(botany) Any plant or root of a plant of the genus Curcuma, especially zedoary.


priuilege

He is worthy to lesen his priuilege that mysvseth the myght and the power that is yeuen hym.

1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Tale of Chaucer”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC:

He is worthy to lose his privilege that abuses the might and the power that is given to him.


almicanteras

VPon thys forſayde plate ben compaſed certayne cercles, that hyghten almicanteras : of whyche ſome of hem ſemen parfyte cercles, and ſome ſemen imparfyte.

[a. 1401, Geffray Chaucer [i.e., Geoffrey Chaucer], “The conclusions of the Astrolabie”, in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London: […] Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], published 1542, →OCLC, folio ccxciii, verso:

Upon this aforementioned plate are compassed certain circles that are called almucantars, of which some seem like perfect circles and some seem imperfect.


chamberere

I ne heeld me never digne in no manere
To be your wyf, no, ne your chamberere.

1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “(please specify the story)”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC, lines 818-819:

I considered myself never worthy in any way
To be your wife, no, nor your chambermaid.


crowes feet

So longe mote ye live, and alle proude,/Til crowes feet be growe under your eye

c. 1380, Geoffrey Chaucer, Troilus and Criseyde, volume two:

crow's feet, small wrinkles in the corner of an eye, emblematic of aging.


ellern

Yola: ellena


gambon

English: gammon

From Anglo-Norman gambon, from Norman gambon, from Old French jambon (“ham”), from jambe (“leg”)+-on (gambe in Norman, gamb in Middle English), from Late Latin gamba (“hock, animal leg”), from Ancient Greek καμπή (kampḗ). Analysable as gamb + -on


englishman

Now wel maister another manere awaie I wil spek telle me thēne / & a frenshmen had taken a litell childe of an englishman / might he aske by ryght any raūson for hym for it shulde seme ye / seen that he that may wel make the mo¦re grete a thinge / may wel make the smallest / as what to saye he myght wel take prysoner the fader yf the cas befell why not the childe aswell / […]

[1484], The Boke of the Fayt of Armes and of Chyualrye […], [Westminster]: [William Caxton]; republished in Early English Books Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: Text Creation Partnership, p. 2011:


wityng

for his wyf was at a someres game, / Wiþouten his wityng, he forsook hire eke.

Late 14th century, Geoffrey Chaucer, ‘The Wife of Bath's Prologue’ ll. 648-9, Canterbury Tales, Oxford 1988, p. 113


ȝalownes

c. 1390s, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Complaint of Chaucer to his Purse,” lines 8-11,
Now voucheth sauf this day or hyt be nyght
That I of yow the blisful soun may here
Or see your colour lyk the sonne bryght
That of yelownesse hadde never pere.

(please add an English translation of this quotation)


congregacioun

English: congregation

⇒ Yola: contrishelagh

Borrowed from Old French congregacion, from Latin congregātiō, itself from congregō (“to herd into a flock”).


leye

English: leigh, lea

Scots: le, ley, lei

⇒? Yola: kotlieough, cotleough

From Old English lēah, from Proto-West Germanic *lauh, from Proto-Germanic *lauhaz.

A piece of open land; field, meadow, lawn


jurdone

And eek thyne urynals and thy jurdones,
Thyn ypocras, and eek thy galiones

1387, Chaucer, “v. 9379”, in The Pardoner's Tale:

Iurdone, pyssepotte, iurdanus.


undermele

In vndermeles, and in mornynges

1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “(please specify the story)”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC:

morning, noontime and/or early afternoon


geldyng

English: gelding

Scots: gelding

From Old Norse geldingr (“wether, eunuch”), from gelda (“to castrate”). Equivalent to gelden + -ing.

& thei wenten doun bothe into the water, Philip & the geldyng, & Philip baptiside hym.

c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Dedis of Apoſtlis 8:38, page 96v, column 2, line 19; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:

and they went down both into the water, both Philip and the eunuch; and he baptized him. (KJV)


audacite

From Medieval Latin audacitas, from Latin audax (“bold”), from audeō (“I am bold, I dare”).


non-tyde

English: noontide

Yola: nonteet

From Old English nōntīd (“noontide”), equivalent to non + tyde.


mowtynge

English: moulting

Yola: moulteen, moutheen (figuratively)


warlok

Yola: wourlok (verb)

ware (“defense, protection”) + lok (“lock”)


lustyhede

English: lustihead, lustihood

lusty + -hede. Compare Dutch lustigheid, Middle Low German lusticheit, German Lustigkeit, Danish lustighed, Swedish lustighet.

Defaulte of slepe and hevynesse / Hath [slayne] my spirite of quyknesse / That I haue loste al lustyhede

c. 1368, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Book of the Duchess, as recorded c. 1440–1450 in Bodleian Library MS. Fairfax 16, folio 130r

Lack of sleep and sorrow / Have killed the liveliness in my spirit / So that I have lost all enjoyment of life.

enjoyment of life, joyfulness, gaiety, cheer


leggys

a1475(?a1430) Lydg.Pilgr.(Vit C.13)11077 : She was ffetheryd for to fle; And on her leggys bothe two, Lyk a dowve she was also, And endownyd soffte & ffayr.

a1450 ?Audelay An a byrchyn bonke (Dc 302)219/44 : [W]ith lymes long and lene and leggys ful lew, [H]adyn lost þe lyp and þe lyuer seþyn þai were layd loue.

?a1475 Ludus C.(Vsp D.8)131/234 : Hese leggys here do folde for Age.

(c1460) Bk.Arms in Anc.5 (Hrl 2169)182 : Port de goulys tres jaumbis inne sayle eprone dore. The leggys sylvyr, the sporrys and the kneys golde. The armys of the Ile of Man.

(1429-30) Rec.St.Mary at Hill72 : Also for leggys to þe same ȝatis..xxxiij d.

1447 Bokenham Sts.(Arun 327)6196 : Hys leggys to faltryn gunne sodeynly, That he no ferthyr goon myth sothly.


bachelrye

And of his retenue the bachelrye,
With many a sown of sondry melodye
Un to the village, of the which I tolde,
In this array the righte wey han holde.

1387–1400, [Geoffrey] Chaucer, “The [Clerkys] Tale [of Oxenford]”, in The Tales of Caunt́bury (Hengwrt Chaucer; Peniarth Manuscript 392D), Aberystwyth, Ceredigion: National Library of Wales, published [c. 1400–1410], →OCLC, folio 177, recto:


curtine

English: curtain

Borrowed from Old French cortine. First attested ca. 1330.


church-hay

Yola: chourch-hey, chourch hey


nesethirl

Yola: nizterels, niztrols (plural)

From Old English næsþyrel; equivalent to nese + thirl.


nostrille

English: nostril


everydel

From everich／every + del (“a part, thing”).

Whan he hadde found his firste mansioun,
 He knew the remenaunt by proporcioun,
 And knew the arising of his moone wel,
 And in whos face, and terme, and everydel, [...]

1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “(please specify the story)”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC, line 1288:


householdstuff

The various furnishings, equipment, and other articles belonging to a household.


gentilman

English: gentleman

Yola: gentleman


etynge

English: eating

Yola: atheen


fassynge

Yola: fousthen, fousteen, fausteen


chamber foreign

chambre forene
chambre forene#Middle_English


ȝeoc

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of yok


mayde child

desc

English: maid child, maid-child, maidchild

Yola: michel


wyndwyng

English: winnowing

Yola: winnooween


shipwrak

English: shipwreck

Yola: zhiprocke

From Old English sċipwræc, equivalent to ship + wrake.


settynge

English: setting

Yola: zetteen


woolde

(Late Middle English) Alternative form of wold


ronage

English: rummage

Yola: rumcht (preterite)

From Old French arrumage (compare French arrimage), from arrumer (“to arrange the cargo in the hold”).

Accomodation or arrangement of cargo in a ship, stowage.


myldewe

(Late Middle English) Alternative form of myldew


mildeu

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of myldew


myldew

desctree

English: mildew
→ Catalan: míldiu
→ French: mildiou
→ Portuguese: míldio
→ Spanish: mildiu

From Old English mildēaw, meledēaw (“honeydew”), from Proto-West Germanic *milidauw; compare dew.


maym

English: mayhem; (obsolete) maim

Middle Scots: menȝe, manȝe

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman mahaim, alteration of Old French mahaing, mehaing after Frankish *hammjan (“to restrict”). Forms with /n/ continue the unaltered Old French form.


astrologye

a pore scoler / had lerned art but al his fantasye / was torned for to lerne astrologye […].

c. 1390, Geoffrey Chaucer, Canterbury Tales, Harleian manuscript


pardonere

c. 1390: Geoffrey Chaucer, The Canterbury Tales (Prologue)

With him there rode a gentle pardonere / Of Ronceval, his friend and his compere, / That straight was comen from the court of Rome.
(please add an English translation of this quotation)


tormentrye

Thou seist to me, it is a greet meschief
To wedde a povre womman, for costage;
And if that she be riche, of heigh parage,
Than seistow that it is a tormentrye

late 14th century, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Wife of Bath's Prologue, The Canterbury Tales, line 248-252

Thou sayest to me it is a great misfortune
To wed a poor woman, because of expense;
And if she be rich, of high birth,
Then thou sayest that it is a torment
To put up with her pride and her angry moods.

Anything producing torment, annoyance, or pain.


cowent

(East Anglia, Late Middle English) Alternative form of covent


cliket

He wol no wight suffre bere the keye Saue he hym self for of the smal wyket He bar alwey of siluer a clyket.

c. 1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Canterbury Tales: The Merchant's Tale:


grynne

c. 14th century, unknown author (originally attributed to Geoffrey Chaucer), Remedy of Love
Like a bridde that hasteth to the grynne.


baillif

English: bailiff

Scots: bailie

Yola: baalee

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman and Old French bailif (plural bailis), probably from Vulgar Latin *bāiulivus (“castellan”), from Latin bāiulus (“porter, steward”).


trenket

English: trinket

Probably from an Old French dialectal form of trenchier (“to cut”).

A cordwainer's knife or similar curved blade meant for leatherworking, often one joined with an elsen.

(countable, collective) An association of cordwainers; the collective noun for cordwainers.


orisonte

English: horizon

Middle Scots: orizon, orizont

Borrowed from Middle French horizon, horizonte, from Old French orisonte, orison, from Latin horizōn, from Ancient Greek ὁρίζων (horízōn).

University of Michigan
w:University of Michigan

The horizon (point where the sky seems to disappear)

(astronomy) The circle indicating the horizon on an astrolabe.


reȝȝn

(Ormulum) Alternative form of reyn (“rain”)


ræin

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of reyn (“rain”)


reynbowe

English: rainbow

Scots: rainbow

From Old English reġnboga, from Proto-West Germanic *regnabogō, from Proto-Germanic *regnabugô; equivalent to reyn (“rain”) + bowe (“bow”).

rainbow (multicoloured arch created by the reflection of rain)


cheaffere

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of chaffare


chaffare

English: chaffer (obsolete)

From Old English *ċēapfaru; equivalent to chep + fare. Compare Old Norse kaupfǫr.

Commercial or mercantile activity; trading.

A transaction or trade; the act of exchanging.

(figurative) A desirable quality or attribute in an individual.


kyrkgarth

Cognate with Old Norse kirkjugarðr. Possibly inherited from Old English *ċiriċġeard, from ċiriċe + ġeard.


grundeswulie

grundeswülie (canonical)
grundeswulies (plural)


schyrsche wordeyn

enm-noun

schyrsche wordeyn (plural schyrsche wordeyns)


wardenschipp

(Late Middle English) Alternative spelling of wardenship


schyrsche

Item, to genet manyturne for a lampe yt servyt yn ye boke of ye schyrsche, i d. ob..Item, for a quart of lampe oyle at halowyntyde to serve wyt the lampe yn the boke of the schyrsche, iiij d

1449, Acc.St.Mary Thame in BBOAJ 8, page 72:


afternone

English: afternoon


brustel

English: brusle


coolwort

English: colewort


eaa

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of ee


chæpmon

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of chapman


wurse

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of worse


schereman

English: shearman


wrst

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of worst


cownt

Alternative form of counte (“computation”)


countour

English: counter, compter

Scots: counter, coonter

Borrowed from Old French conteor and Middle French contoir; equivalent to counte (“computation”) + -our.

An accountant; a financial recordkeeper.

A calculator or computer (person who performs arithmetic)

A metal counter or disk, especially one used in accounting.

(rare) A building or part of one for keeping accounts.


criour

English: crier

Scots: crier

Borrowed from Old French crieor; equivalent to crien (“to yell”) + -our.

An individual employed to make public proclamations.


computacioun

English: computation

Borrowed from Middle French computation or its etymon Latin computātiō (“computation”), from computō (“to compute”); compare counten.

Computation, calculation (of time or in arithmetic or astronomy).

Enumeration; the act of calculating quantity.


alacrite

English: alacrity

From Latin alacritās, from alacer (“brisk”) + -itās (“-ity”).


scaþe

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of schethe (“sheath”)


shethe

Alternative form of schethe (“plough part”)


schethere

English: sheather

/ˈʃɛːðər(ə)/


shev

(glassblowing, obsolete) A fourteenth-century unit of glass.


colmose

English: coalmouse

From Old English colmāse (“coalmouse”), from Proto-West Germanic *kolamaisā. Equivalent to coule + (tit)mose.


preesteresse

English: priestress

From prestre + -esse, from prestre (“priest”; from Middle French prestre) + -esse (“-ess”), and Middle French prestresse.


birthe

English: birth


mareffownde

(Late Middle English) Alternative form of mareffownd


mareffownd

English: (noun) morfound


shipbreche

From Old English scipbryċe, scipbroc, scipġebroc (“shipwreck; that which washes ashore from shipwreck, wreckage”, literally “ship-breaking”). Equivalent to ship + breche.


momurdotes

From mameren (“to mumble”) + dote (“idiot”).

A dazed state, almost resembling idiocy.


amorteisen

amorteisen (infinitive)
to amorteisen (infinitive)
amorteise (infinitive)
amorteise (first-person present singular)
amorteised (first-person past singular)
amorteisest (present second-person singular)
amorteisedest (past second-person singular)
amorteiseth (present singular third-person)
amorteised (past singular third-person)
amorteise (present singular subjunctive)
amorteised (past singular subjunctive)
amorteise (imperative present singular)
amorteisen (plural present)
amorteise (plural present)
amorteiseden (past plural)
amorteisede (past plural)
amorteiseth (imperative plural present)
amorteise (imperative plural present)
amorteisynge (participle present)
amorteisende (participle present)
amorteised (participle past)
yamorteised (participle past)


keyle

English: kayles

Yola: keillès, keilès


calketrappe

calketrappe (plural calketrappes or calketrappen)

calketrappes (plural)
calketrappen (plural)

English: caltrop, caltrap (archaic)

Inherited from Old English *calcatræppe (attested as coltetræppe), variant of calcatrippe (“caltrop”), from Medieval Latin calcatrappa, calcatrippa.


caroyne

English: carrion

Scots: carrion

Borrowed from Old Northern French caroigne, carogne, from Vulgar Latin *carōnia. Variants with /æi̯/ probably represent the initial stage of vowel reduction; compare Boleyne, Coleyne, variants of Boloyne (“Boulogne”), Coloyne (“Cologne”).

bor+

(derogatory) That which lacks value or inspires disgust.


rewayn

desc

English: rowen, roughings, rowet, rowett, rowings

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman rewain, variant of regain; other than the dialectal development of /ɔu̯/ to /au̯/, the variation in pronunciation apparently reflects variation in Old French.

Rowen, aftermath; the second crop of hay.


ronners

Fleshly janglers, flatterers and blamers, ronkers and ronners, and all manner of pinchers, cared I never that they saw this book

14th century, The Cloud of Unknowing, Chapter 74


croh

English: croh

Fingallian: croge

From Old English crōg, from Proto-West Germanic *krōgu, from Proto-Germanic *krōguz.


chaungere

English: changer

From chaungen (“to change”) + -er and Old French changeor; thus also equivalent to chaungen + -our.

A moneychanger; an individual who changes money.


midwif

English: midwife


midwomman

>? English: midwoman

Blend of midwif + womman. Equivalent to mid (“with”) + womman.


digge

Yola: dig


sloveyn

English: sloven

Yola: slouveen

From Middle Flemish sloovin (“a scold”).

(Late Middle English) An immoral woman, slut; knave, rascal.


famylye

English: family

Yola: vamilee


fraccioun

English: fraction


bulimong

English: bullimong

Compound of bole (“bull”) + imong (“mixture”).

com+

bullimong, a mixture of oats, barley, etc. sown to provide cattle feed


tripet

English: trippet

Yola: trippeathès (plural)


quyl

English: quill

Yola: quiel laaune

Compare Middle High German kil (“large feather, quill”), which is derived from the Low German term.


cronyng

English: croning

Fingallian: cronaan

(Late Middle English, hapax) singing, humming.


collyng

English: colling

Fingallian: culleen


yelke

desc

obsolete <i class="Latn mention" lang="enm">yelk</i>

English: yolk (obsolete yelk)

Fingallian: yolk

Scots: yolk

Inherited from Old English ġeolca, syncopic form of ġeoloca; compare yelow (“yellow”).

(rare, figurative) The core or centre of something.


despeyringe

English: dispairing

Fingallian: spereen


malemorte

malemorte (accusative nominative singular)
malemortes (genitive singular)
malemorte (dative singular)

From Anglo-Norman malemort (“mormal, gangrene”), from Medieval Latin malum mortuum. Compare French malemort (“cruel or horrible death”), Old French mort-mal.

cog

disease of inflamed sores, in sheep, horses, and dogs


shomaker

English: shoemaker

Yola: shooemaakear


armyng

English: arming

Yola: armeen


bynne

English: bin

Fingallian: ben

From Old English binne (“crib, manger”), from Proto-West Germanic *binnu, *binnā, from Gaulish benna (“four-wheeled cart; caisson”).


bonnefyre

English: bonfire

Fingallian: bonefire

(Late Middle English) A fire in which bones were burned, bonfire.


crucifixioun

English: crucifixion


glaunsyng

English: glancing

Yola: glawmzeen


theorike

Derived from Old French theorique and Medieval Latin *theōrica, in turn from Ancient Greek θεωρική (theōrikḗ).

Law, rules and theory, as opposed to practice.


kikelot

Me seið up on ancre þet [e]uch an mest haueð an old quene to feden hire earen, þet maðeleð alle þe tale þe me telleð ilonde, An kikelot [glossed] piot.

1952, Sherman McAllister Kuhn, Middle English Dictionary, page 956:

I sit upon an anchor that each and most has an old queen to satisfy her ears, that speaks all the tale(s) that I tell in the land, and a kikelot.


dixionare

English: dictionary

Learned borrowing from Medieval Latin dictiōnārium, dictiōnārius, dixiōnārius.

lbor

Dixionarius ij anglice Dixionare

[c. 1480, Medulla Grammatice (in Latin); quoted in Gabriele Stein, “Translating and Explaining Headwords: Elyot’s Predecessors”, in Sir Thomas Elyot as Lexicographer, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, 2014, →ISBN, page 192:

Dixionarius, -ij: in English, dictionary.


swetere

English: sweater

From swēten, inherited from Old English swǣtan; equivalent to swete (“sweat”) + -er.


flosche

English: flosh, (?)flush, (?)flash

[line 1430] Bitwene a flosche° in that fryth° and a foo° cragge.
°pool °wood °forbidding

14th century, Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, printed in 2013, Charles W. Dunn, Edward T. Byrnes, Middle English Literature, page 423


grocerye

English: grocery