puissaunt

English: puissant

Borrowed from Middle French puissant, poissant, Anglo-Norman puissant, Old French pussant, et al.


medeful

→ English: meedful (calque)

medefull (alternative)
medefulle (alternative)
meedeful (alternative)
medful (alternative)
meedful (alternative)

(religion) beneficial, praiseworthy, effective


lutil

(West Midlands) Alternative form of litel


buttry

English: buttery

Yola: butheree

(rare, Late Middle English) Containing butter or butterfat.


hondraȝte

Alternative form of hundred (“hundredth”)


hunfold

From Old English hundfeald; equivalent to hund (“hundred”) + -fold.

hundfeald (alternative)
hundfald (alternative)
hunfald (alternative)


beestly

English: beastly

beestli (alternative)
beestlich (alternative)
beestliche (alternative)
bestely (alternative)
bestelye (alternative)
bestli (alternative)
bestliche (alternative)
bestly (alternative)
beastelich (alternative Early-Middle-English)
beastlich (alternative Early-Middle-English)

physical; non-spiritual (of faculties, knowledge, etc.)

(rare) animal (of or pertaining to animals)

(rare) beastly, depraved (lacking human sensibility)


beastelich

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of beestly


hindemest

English: hindmost

Yola: hemust, heimost

From Old English hindemest, superlative of hindema; equivalent to hinde + -mest.

hyndmost (alternative)
hinmast (alternative)
henmest (alternative)


passionat

English: passionate

From Medieval Latin passiōnātus; equivalent to passioun + -at.


passyf

English: passive

Yola: parshagh

Borrowed from Middle French or Old French passif, from Latin passivus.

passif (alternative)
passife (alternative)
passiff (alternative)
passive (alternative)
passyve (alternative)

(grammar) passive (in the passive voice)


actyf

English: active

Scots: ackie

From Old French actif, from Latin āctīvus; equivalent to acte + -yf.

actif (alternative)
actiff (alternative)
active (alternative)
actyve (alternative)

(Christianity) worldly, secular (of living)

(grammar) active (relating to the active voice)


nexte

From Old English nīehst, from Proto-West Germanic **nāhwist(ō), from Proto-Germanic *nēhwist.

nexste (alternative)
nextie (alternative)
nekste (alternative)
necst (alternative)
nehst (alternative)
neghst (alternative)
nexit (alternative)
nekist (alternative)
nex (alternative)
nixte (alternative Southern)
neste (alternative Southern)
nist (alternative Southern)


nethere

English: nether

Scots: nether, nather

Yola: nether

From Old English niþera, from Proto-Germanic *niþeraz.

nethur (alternative)
neyther (alternative)
neothur (alternative)
nedere (alternative)
nedur (alternative)
nedre (alternative)
nyther (alternative)


charjous

English: chargeous (obsolete)

From Anglo-Norman chargeous; equivalent to chargen + -ous.

chargeose (alternative)
chargeouse (alternative)
chargious (alternative)
chargiouse (alternative)
chargouse (alternative)
charjows (alternative)

⁊ whanne I was a mong ȝou ⁊ hadde nede .· I was chargeouſe to no man / foꝛ bꝛiþeren þat camen fro macedonye fulfilliden þat þat failide to me / ⁊ in alle þingis I haue kept and ſchal kepe me wiþouten charge to ȝou

c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Coꝛinthis ·ii· 11:9, page 72r, column 2; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:

And when I was amongst you and felt need, I wasn't burdensome to anybody, because brothers who came from Macedonia provided whatever I didn't have. So in everything, I've kept, and will keep, myself from burdening you.


kilvarde

(Late Middle English) Alternative form of culvert


pursyf

English: pursy

Yola: pussough

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman porsif, from Old French poussif.

pursif (alternative)
porsif' (alternative)


shameles

English: shameless

Yola: shaaumeless

From Old English sċamlēas, equivalent to shame + -les.

shamles (alternative)
sameles (alternative)
ssameles (alternative)
scameleas (alternative Early-Middle-English)
shemelas (alternative Early-Middle-English)
sheomelese (alternative)
shomeleas (alternative)


sclendre

English: slender

Yola: slendeare

sclender (alternative)
sclendere (alternative)
sklendere (alternative)
sklendre (alternative)
slender (alternative)
slendre (alternative)

late 14th century, Geoffrey Chaucer, General Prologue, The Canterbury Tales, line 587-588

His berd was shave as ny as ever he can.
The Reeve was a slender choleric man,
His beard was shaved as close as ever he can.

‘This maketh that our heires been so sclendre

late 14th century, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Monk's Prologue, The Canterbury Tales, line 3147-3148

‘This makes our heirs to be so scrawny
And feeble that they can not well beget children.’

And feble, that they may nat wel engendre.’


smothe

English: smooth

Scots: smuith

Yola: smoo

Inherited from Old English smōþ, from Proto-West Germanic *smanþ, variant of *smanþī. The final vowel is presumably from smethe.

smode (alternative)
smote (alternative)
smoth (alternative)
smoþe (alternative)
smowth (alternative)
smuythe (alternative)


dignyte

English: dignity

Borrowed from Old French dignite, from Latin dignitās, dignitātem; equivalent to digne + -ite. Doublet of deynte and deynteth.

dignete (alternative)
dignite (alternative)
dignitee (alternative)
dignytee (alternative)
dingnete (alternative)
dingnytee (alternative)
dyngnete (alternative)
dygnyte (alternative)
dyngnyte (alternative)

(astrology) The heightened influence of a planet.

(rare) That which provides worth or honour.


disdeynous

English: disdainous

Borrowed from Old French desdeignos, desdaigneux (French dédaigneux); compare deynous. By surface analysis, dis- + deynen + -ous.

surf

dedeignous (alternative)
desdeynous (alternative)
disdeinous (alternative)
disdeynows (alternative)

c. 1370s. Unknown, The Romaunt of the Rose. 7412-3.
His looking was not disdeinous,
Ne proud, but meke and ful pesible.

(please add an English translation of this quotation)


londed

English: landed

Inherited from Old English ġelandod, past participle of ġelandian (“to endow with land”).


bredles

English: breadless

bredeles (alternative)
bredlees (alternative)


tyght

English: tight

Yola: tyght

From Old English *þīht, *þiht (attested in meteþiht) and Old Norse þéttr, both from Proto-Germanic *þinhtaz.

tight (alternative)
tiht (alternative)
thight (alternative)
thyht (alternative)
thyte (alternative)
thythe (alternative)


smært

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of smert


affectuall

holly Leaves and Stitchwort being dronk in powdar is most affectuall.


wytty

Then cam there a lady that was a wytty lady, and she seyde playnly unto the Kyng[…]that he sholde never be hole but yf that Sir Trystrames wente into the same contrey than the venym came fro, and in that contrey sholde he be holpyn, other ellys never.

1470–1485 (date produced), Thomas Malory, “Capitulum viij”, in [Le Morte Darthur], book VIII, [London: […] by William Caxton], published 31 July 1485, →OCLC; republished as H[einrich] Oskar Sommer, editor, Le Morte Darthur […], London: David Nutt, […], 1889, →OCLC:


borel

But sires, by cause I am a burel man,
At my my bigynnyng first I yow biseche,
Have me excused of my rude speche.

1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “(please specify the story)”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC:

Religioun hath take up al the corn
Of tredyng, and we borel men been shrympes.


deyntevous

dayntevos (alternative)
dayntevous (alternative)
deintevose (alternative)
deintous (alternative)
dentuos (alternative)
dentyvous (alternative)
dentywos (alternative)
deynteous (alternative)


deynteth

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman deintet, earlier form of deinte, from Latin dignitās, dignitātem. Doublet of deynte and dignyte.

dantyth (alternative)
dayenteth (alternative)
daynteth (alternative)
daynteþ (alternative)
denteth (alternative)
dentethe (alternative)
denteþ (alternative)
denteyth (alternative)
deinteþ (alternative)
deintithe (alternative)
deyntet (alternative)
deyntethe (alternative)
deynteþ (alternative)


deynte

English: dainty

Scots: denty, dainty

Borrowed from Old French deintie, deinte, from Latin dignitās, dignitātem. Doublet of deynteth and dignyte.

dainte (alternative)
daintey (alternative)
daynte (alternative)
dayntee (alternative)
dayntie (alternative)
daynty (alternative)
dayntye (alternative)
deinte (alternative)
deintee (alternative)
dente (alternative)
dentee (alternative)
deyntee (alternative)
deyntei (alternative)
deyntey (alternative)
deyntie (alternative)
deynty (alternative)


ydel

ydele (plural)
ydele (singular weak)
idel (alternative)
idil (alternative)
idill (alternative)
idul (alternative)
idyl (alternative)
idyll (alternative)
ydell (alternative)
ydil (alternative)
ydill (alternative)
ydul (alternative)
ydull (alternative)

English: idle

Scots: idle

From Old English īdel, from Proto-West Germanic *īdal, from Proto-Germanic *īdalaz.

c. 1368, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Book of the Duchess, as recorded c. 1440–1450 in Bodleian Library MS. Fairfax 16, folio 130r

I have so many idle thoughts / Purely from lack of sleep / That I swear I take no heed / Of anything, whether it comes or goes, / And nothing is either dear to me or hated.

I have so many an ydel thoght / Purely for defaulte of slepe / That by my trouthe I take no kepe / Of noo thinge how hyt cometh or gooth / Ne me nys no thynge leve nor looth


firrene

inflection of firren:
strong/weak plural


tenthe

English: tenth

Scots: teind, tent

A remodelling of tithe (Old English teoþa) on the basis of ten + -the (ordinal suffix).
teoþa is from Proto-West Germanic *tehundō, itself from Proto-Germanic *tehundô.

teind (alternative)
tend (alternative)
tende (alternative)
teynde (alternative)
tenneþe (alternative)
tennyth (alternative)
tent (alternative)
tenth (alternative)
tenþe (alternative)
tiende (alternative)
tyende (alternative)
tyenþe (alternative)
teonðe (alternative)
tenðe (alternative)


teonðe

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of tenthe


teoheðe

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of tithe


weordlich

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of worldly (adjective)


talowy

English: tallowy

talwy (alternative)
talughye (alternative)


herberweles

English: harborless, harbourless

harberles (alternative)
herbereweles (alternative)
herberlasse (alternative)
herbereweles (alternative)
herberles (alternative)
herberlesse (alternative)
herberwelees (alternative)
herberwȝles (alternative)
herboreles (alternative)
herborles (alternative)
herborowles (alternative)
herborweles (alternative)
herrberrȝhelæs (alternative)

foꝛ I hungride .· ⁊ ȝe ȝauen me to ete / and I þirſtide .· and ȝe ȝauen me to dꝛynke / I was herboꝛles .· ⁊ ȝe herboꝛiden me[…]

c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Matheu 25:35, page 14r, column 1; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:

Because I was hungry, and you gave me something to eat; I was thirsty, and you gave me something to drink; I was homeless, and you sheltered me […]


herrberrȝhelæs

(Ormulum) Alternative form of herberweles


unhoneste

English: unhonest

Scots: unhonest

From un- + honeste (“honourable, appropriate, excellent”).

af

unhonest (alternative)
un honest (alternative)
un-honeste (alternative)
unonest (alternative)
unoneste (alternative)
ununeste (alternative)


dishoneste

English: dishonest

From Old French deshoneste (“disgraceful”), from Latin dehonestus; equivalent to dis- + honeste (“honourable, appropriate, excellent”).

deshoneste (alternative)
dishonest (alternative)
dyshonest (alternative)
dyshoneste (alternative)


dyshoneste

Alternative form of dishoneste (“disgraceful”)


deshonestee

Alternative form of dishoneste (“disgrace”)


deynous

An aphetic form of disdeynous; compare deyne and deynen (“to disdain”).

deignous (alternative)
deignouse (alternative)
dengyouse (alternative)
denȝous (alternative)
denyous (alternative)
denyus (alternative)
deyngnows (alternative)
deynious (alternative)
deynouse (alternative)


anoyous

English: annoyous

Borrowed from Old French enuius, anoios; equivalent to anoy + -ous.

anious (alternative)
anoyeus (alternative)
anoyows (alternative)
ennoyous (alternative)

14th c., Geoffrey Chaucer, Frederic J. Furnival (Editor), The Cambridge MS. Dd. 4. 24 or Chaucer's Canterbury Tales, London; Published by teh Chaucer Society, 1902: pg. 650, [728]

Ayeinst this horrible Synne of Accidie / and Þe brauches of the same / there is a vertu Þat is called ffortitudo or Strength / Þat is an affection / Þurgh for which a man espiseth annoyous Þynges

(rare) troublesome, challenging, annoying


noysom

English: noisome

From noy (“trouble, sorrow”) + -som. More at noisome.

naysom (alternative)
newsome (alternative)
noȝesom (alternative)
noisaume (alternative)
noyesom (alternative)
noysome (alternative)
noysum (alternative)


mekanyk

English: mechanic

Borrowed from Old French mecanique, from Latin mechanicus, from Ancient Greek μηχανικός (mēkhanikós).

mechanic (alternative)
mechanique (alternative)
mechanyc (alternative)


calwe

English: callow

From calw-, the oblique stem of Old English calu, from Proto-West Germanic *kalu, from Proto-Germanic *kalwaz.

calewe (alternative)
calouh (alternative)
calu (alternative)
caluȝ (alternative)


acordable

English: accordable

From Anglo-Norman acordable; equivalent to acorden + -able.

leden in accordable myswandrynge

c. 1382 (date written), Geffray Chaucer [i.e., Geoffrey Chaucer], “Boetius de consolatione Philosophie”, in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London: […] Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], published 1542, →OCLC:


gripel

English: gripple

Scots: gripple

From Old English gripul; equivalent to gripe + -el (adjectival suffix).


dregh

English: dree

Scots: dreich

From Old English *drēog, ġedrēog, from Proto-West Germanic *dreug, from Proto-Germanic *dreugaz.

dreghe (alternative)
dreȝ (alternative)
dreȝe (alternative)
dreȝghe (alternative)
dreh (alternative)
drei (alternative)
dreigh (alternative)
dreiȝ (alternative)
drey (alternative)
driȝe (alternative)
drye (alternative)
dryȝ (alternative)
dryȝe (alternative)


alyve

English: alive, live

Scots: alive, live

From Old English on līfe; equivalent to a- + lyve (dative singular of lyf (“life”)).

dative singular of <i class="Latn mention" lang="enm">lyf</i> (“life”)

alife (alternative)
a-live (alternative)
alive (alternative)
a-lyve (alternative)
olife (alternative)
olive (alternative)
o-live (alternative)
olyve (alternative)

[…]I am alyue ⁊ I was deed / ⁊ lo I am lyuynge in to woꝛldis of woꝛldis / ⁊ I haue þe keies of deþ ⁊ of helle.

c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Apocalips 1:18, page 117v, column 2; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:

[…] I am alive, though I was dead. Now see - I will be living forever, and I have the keys to death and Hell.


chekmat

/ˈt͡ʃɛːkˌmaːt/

From Old French eschec mat, from Arabic شَاه مَاتَ (šāh māta), from Persian شاه مات (šâh mât, “the king [is] amazed”), perhaps conflated with Arabic مَاتَ (māta, “to die”). Equivalent to chek + mat.

der

Arabic شَاه مَاتَ (šāh māta)

cheke-mate (alternative)
chekmaat (alternative)
chek-maat (alternative)
chek mat (alternative)
chekmate (alternative)
chek-mate (alternative)
chek mate (alternative)


blynd

English: blind

Scots: blind, blynd

Yola: blin

From Old English blind, from Proto-West Germanic *blind.

blynde (alternative)
blind (alternative)
blend (alternative)
blyn (alternative)


knyghtly

English: knightly

Scots: knichtly

Formed anew from knyght + -ly (adjectival suffix); compare Old English cnihtlīċ (“boyish”).

knightlich (alternative)
kniȝtly (alternative)
knyghtlyche (alternative)
knyghttly (alternative)
knyȝtly (alternative)
knyhtli (alternative)
knyhtly (alternative)


arveðlich

From Old English earfoþlīc (adjective); equivalent to arveð + liche (adjectival suffix).

earfoþlic (alternative)
erveðlich (alternative)

(Early Middle English, rare) painful, distressful, difficult


nyghtly

English: nightly

Scots: nichtly

From Old English nihtlīċ. Equivalent to nyght + -ly (adjectival suffix); the adverb is from the adjective.

neghtly (alternative)
nihtlic (alternative)
nihtlich (alternative)
nyȝtly (alternative)


undedly

English: undeadly

From Old English undēadlīċ; equivalent to un- + dedly.

ondedely (alternative)
ondeedly (alternative)
undedeliche (alternative)
undedely (alternative)
un-dedely (alternative)
undeedly (alternative)
undeadlic (alternative Early-Middle-English)
undeadlich (alternative Early-Middle-English)
undedlich (alternative Early-Middle-English)


undeadlich

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of undedly


sonely

English: sonly

From sone (“son”) + -ly (adjectival suffix).


godsone

English: godson

Scots: godson

From Old English godsunu; equivalent to god + sone (“son”).

godeson (alternative)
godson (alternative)
godsonne (alternative)
gosson (alternative)
gossone (alternative)


erthely

English: earthly

Scots: erdly (obsolete)

From Old English eorþlīċ; equivalent to erthe (“earth”) + -ly (adjectival suffix), which some forms are remodelled on.

af

eerthlich (alternative)
ely (alternative)
erliche (alternative)
erlych (alternative)
erthlich (alternative)
erthli (alternative)
erthliche (alternative)
erþelich (alternative)
erþely (alternative)
erþlich (alternative)
ȝerþli (alternative)
urthlich (alternative)
urþly (alternative)
eorðlic (alternative Early-Middle-English)
eorðlich (alternative Early-Middle-English)
eorþelich (alternative Early-Middle-English)
eorþliȝ (alternative Early-Middle-English)
erþlic (alternative Early-Middle-English)
erþliȝ (alternative Early-Middle-English)
ierðlich (alternative Early-Middle-English)

Of the material world; having material, temporal existence.


eorðlic

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of erthely


wyfly

English: wifely

Scots: wifely (obsolete)

Either from Old English wīflīċ (itself from Proto-West Germanic *wībalīk) or a new formation from wyf + -ly (adjectival suffix).

wifly (alternative)
wyffely (alternative)


lordles

English: lordless

From Old English hlāfordlēas; equivalent to lord + -les.

lordeles (alternative)
loverdles (alternative)


yongly

English: youngly

From Old English ġeonglīċ; equivalent to yong + -ly (adjectival suffix).

ȝongelich (alternative)
ȝonglich (alternative)
ȝongly (alternative)
ȝunglich (alternative)
ȝungly (alternative)
yongely (alternative)
yongliche (alternative)
yunglic (alternative)


threfold

English: threefold

From Old English þrīfeald; equivalent to and often remodelled after thre + -fold.

threfald (alternative)
thre-fald (alternative)
threfolde (alternative)
thre foold (alternative)
thrifald (alternative)
þrefold (alternative)
þrefolde (alternative)
þrefald (alternative)
þreofalt (alternative)
þreofeald (alternative)
þreovald (alternative)
þrofald (alternative)


þreofalt

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of threfold


twifeld

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of twifold


twifald

(Early Middle English, Northern) Alternative form of twifold


twafald

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of twofold


dredy

English: dready


dredles

English: dreadless

dredelees (alternative)
dredeles (alternative)
dredelesse (alternative)
dredlez (alternative)
dreedeles (alternative)
dreedlees (alternative)
dreedles (alternative)


dredful

English: dreadful

Scots: dreidfu

dredeful (alternative)
dredefull (alternative)
dredefulle (alternative)
dredffol (alternative)
dredfull (alternative)
dreedful (alternative)
dreful (alternative)
drefull (alternative)
drefulle (alternative)
dredvol (alternative)
dredvoll (alternative)

Having dread or fear:
Scared, afraid; fearing something.

Having dread or fear:
Timid; tending to be frightened.

Having dread or fear:
Full of awe; reverential.

Causing terror or ruin; dreadful, perilous.

Inspiring dread or fear:
Causing awe; awe-inspiring.


dredvol

(Southern, Kent) Alternative form of dredful


stereles

English: steerless

Inherited from Old English stēorlēas; by surface analysis, stere (“rudder, control”) + -les (“-less”).

surface analysis

steerelees (alternative)
steereles (alternative)
sterelees (alternative)
sterles (alternative)
stiereles (alternative)
stierlees (alternative)
steoreleas (alternative Early-Middle-English)
steorles (alternative Early-Middle-English)

And Custance han they take anon, foot-hoot,
And in a shippe al sterelees, god woot,
They han hir set, and bidde hir lerne sayle

late 14th century, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Man of Law's Tale, The Canterbury Tales, line 438-441

And Custance have they taken right then, immediately,
And in a ship entirely without a rudder, God knows,
They have set her, and told her to learn to sail
Out of Syria back to Italy.

(uncommon, nautical, often figurative) Having no rudder; uncontrolled or ungoverned.


rammysh

rammish (alternative)
rammyssh (alternative)

[...] Her savour is so rammish and so hoot,
That, though a man from hem a myle be,
The savour wol infecte him, trusteth me; [...]

late 14th century, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Canon's Yeoman's Tale, The Canterbury Tales, line 887-889

… Their odor is so like a goat and so intense,
That though a man be a mile from them,
The odor will infect him, trust me; …


fyry

q

obsolete <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">firy</i>

English: fiery (obsolete firy)

Scots: firy

firi (alternative)
firy (alternative)
firye (alternative)
fyri (alternative)
fery (alternative East-Anglia)
furi (alternative)
fury (alternative)
fuyri (alternative)
vuyry (alternative)

Like fire; pertaining to fire:
Influenced by fire (as in alchemy)

Like fire; pertaining to fire:
Having the colour of fire; fiery.

Having the feeling of fire; hot, inflamed.


therk

English: thark (dialectal, obsolete)

therke (alternative)
thirke (alternative)
thyrke (alternative)
þerk (alternative)
þerke (alternative)

and he aȝen wiþ ſtrong bataile / ſo betwene hem leſte þat fiȝt / Til it waſ þe þerke niȝt

c. 1300, Sir Beues of Hamtoun (Auchinleck Manuscript), folio 190, verso, column 2, lines 2612–2615:

Then he [went] again with a strong force; / the fight between them lasted / until the night grew dark.


maturatif

English: maturative

From Middle French maturatif, from Medieval Latin mātūrātīvus; equivalent to maturen + -atyf.

maturatijf (alternative)
maturative (alternative)
maturatyf (alternative)
maturatyfe (alternative)
maturatyff (alternative)

(medicine, rare) Currently discharging pus; suppurative.


mistrum

From mys- + trum, compare untrum (“feeble”).

(hapax legomenon, Early Middle English) scant, poor


servisable

English: serviceable

Borrowed from Old French servisable; equivalent to servise + -able. Compare serviable.

cervyciable (alternative)
servesabill (alternative)
servicable (alternative)
serviceable (alternative)
serviciable (alternative)
servisabul (alternative)
servisabylle (alternative)
servyciable (alternative)
servysabill (alternative)
servysable (alternative)
servyseable (alternative)
servysiabylle (alternative)


meyneal

English: menial

Borrowed from Old French mesnal; equivalent to and remodelled on meyne + -al.

manyall (alternative)
mayneall (alternative)
meignal (alternative)
meinal (alternative)
menall (alternative)
menealle (alternative)
menial (alternative)
menyal (alternative)
menyall (alternative)
menyalle (alternative)
meygnall (alternative)
meynal (alternative)
meynel (alternative)
meynyal (alternative)
meynyall (alternative)


ardaunt

English: ardent

Scots: ardent

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman ardent and Old French ardant, from Latin ardēns, ardentem; compare ardour.

ardant (alternative)
ardent (alternative)
ardente (alternative)
hardaunt (alternative)
ordaunt (alternative)


enviouse

inflection of envious:
strong/weak plural


cravant

English: craven

Either borrowed from Old French cravanté (“defeated”), past participle of cravanter, or a modification of creaunt (“defeated”) after craven (“to crave”).


recreaunt

English: recreant

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman, Middle French recreant; equivalent to recreyen + -ant or re- + creaunt.

recreant (alternative)
recreante (alternative)
recreaunte (alternative)
recreent (alternative)


creaunt

Possibly from Old French creant, past participle of creire, but more likely an aphetic form of recreaunt, as creant does not mean "defeated".

craunt (alternative)
creant (alternative)
creaunde (alternative)
criant (alternative)
criaunt (alternative)


myscreaunt

English: miscreant

Borrowed from Old French mescreant; possibly equivalent to mys- + creaunt. Compare myscreaunce.

mescreant (alternative)
mescreaunt (alternative)
miscreaunt (alternative)
miscreawnt (alternative)
myscreant (alternative)
myscreaunte (alternative)


wallysshe

By my hede sayd syr Gareth I wylle ryde vnto my lord sir launcelot for to helpe hym /[…]/ ye shalle not soo said sir Bors by my counceylle / onles that ye were desguysed / ye shalle see me dysguysed said syre Gareth / and there with al he aspyed a wallysshe knyghte where he was to repose hym

1485, Sir Thomas Malory, “xxiij”, in Le Morte Darthur, book XVIII:


makeles

English: makeless

I syng of a mayden
þat is makeles,
kyng of alle kynges

15th century, “I syng of a mayden”, first stanza

I sing of a maiden
That is matchless,
King of all kings
For her son she chose.

it happed the kynge and launcelot stode in a wyndowe / and sawe syre Tristram ryde and Isoud / Syre sayd Launcelot yonder rydeth the fayrest lady of the world excepte youre quene Dame Gueneuer / who is that said sir Arthur / Sir sayd he / it is quene Isoud that oute taken my lady your quene she is makeles

1485, Sir Thomas Malory, “lxxiij”, in Le Morte Darthur, book X:


open mouthed

and so they loued to gyder more hotter than they did to fore hand / and had suche preuy draughtes to gyder that many in the Courte spak of hit / and in especial sir Agrauayne/ sir Gawayns broder / for he was euer open mouthed / So bifel that syre Launcelot had many resortes of ladyes and damoysels that dayly resorted vnto hym / that besoughte hym to be their champyon

1485, Sir Thomas Malory, chapter I, in Le Morte Darthur, book XVIII:


chivalerous

English: chivalrous (remodelled after modern French)

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman and Old French chevalerous; equivalent to chivaler + -ous.

chevalerous (alternative)
chevalous (alternative)
chevalrous (alternative)
chevalrouse (alternative)
chevalus (alternative)
chivaliruse (alternative)
chivalrous (alternative)
chivalrus (alternative)
chyvalrous (alternative)


warous

Curatours of holy kyrke as clerkes yᵉ bene warous, / Lightly that they leven, loſels it habbeth, / Or dyeth inteſtat, and the biſſhop entreth, [...]

c. 1370–1390, [William Langland], “Passus. xv. finit de dowell, et incipit dobet”, in The Vision of Pierce Plowman [...], London: […] Roberte Crowley, […], published 1550, →OCLC, folio lxxix, recto:


all kynne

Of all kynne lybbynge laborers lopen forth ſome / As dikers and deluers that done their dedes yll […]

c. 1370–1390, [William Langland], “[Prologue]”, in The Vision of Pierce Plowman [...], London: […] Roberte Crowley, […], published 1550, →OCLC, folio iiii, recto:

Of all kinds of living labourers, strode forth some / [As] dikers and delvers that do their work ill […]


corrant

Lik to the corrant fyr that renneth / Upon a corde

c. 1386–1390, John Gower, edited by Reinhold Pauli, Confessio Amantis of John Gower: Edited and Collated with the Best Manuscripts, volume (please specify |volume=I, II, or III), London: Bell and Daldy […], published 1857, →OCLC:


thousend

Inherited from Old English þūsend, from Proto-West Germanic *þūsundi, from Proto-Germanic *þūsundī; some forms are remodelled on the participial ending -and.

thosand (alternative)
thousand (alternative)
thousent (alternative)
thousind (alternative)
thousynd (alternative)
thouzand (alternative)
thowsand (alternative)
thowsande (alternative)
thowsaund (alternative)
thowsend (alternative)
thusand (alternative)
þhousand (alternative)
þosend (alternative)
þousand (alternative)
þousande (alternative)
þousant (alternative)
þousen (alternative)
þousend (alternative)
þousinde (alternative)
þousond (alternative)
þousynde (alternative)
þouzend (alternative)
þowsand (alternative)
þowsant (alternative)
þowzand (alternative)
ðhusant (alternative)
ðusent (alternative)
þusand (alternative)
þusen (alternative)
þusend (alternative)
þusennde (alternative)
þusent (alternative)
þusund (alternative)
þusunt (alternative)


thousendfold

English: thousandfold

Inherited from Old English þūsendfeald; equivalent to thousand + -fold.

thousand fald (alternative)
thousand fold (alternative)
thousand-fold (alternative)
thousande folde (alternative)
thousend-fowld (alternative)
thousent fold (alternative)
thowsand fold (alternative)
thowsend-folde (alternative)
thusand-fald (alternative)
þousand folde (alternative)
þousaund-fold (alternative)
þusend fald (alternative Early-Middle-English)
þusendfeld (alternative Early-Middle-English)
þusent fald (alternative Early-Middle-English)
þusentfalt (alternative Early-Middle-English)


þusend fald

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of thousendfold


femynyne

English: feminine

Borrowed from Old French feminin; compare femele.

femenine (alternative)
femenyn (alternative)
femenyne (alternative)
feminine (alternative)
feminyne (alternative)
femynyn (alternative)
ffemynyn (alternative)

feminine (having positive womanly qualities)

effeminate (having negative womanly qualities)

(grammar) Of feminine grammatical gender.


mayled

English: mailed

⇒ English: mail (verb)

mailed (alternative)
mailid (alternative)
y-mayled (alternative)

Made out of mail or resembling something made in that way.


masculyn

English: masculine

Borrowed from Old French masculin, from Latin masculīnus; compare male.

masclyn (alternative)
masclyne (alternative)
masculine (alternative)
masculyne (alternative)

(grammar) Of masculine grammatical gender.


monly

(West Midlands) Alternative form of manly (adjective)


monlich

(West Midlands, Early Middle English) Alternative form of manly (adjective)


marowy

English: marrowy

marowȝy (alternative)
marowhy (alternative)
marowie (alternative)
marrowy (alternative)
merowȝy (alternative)
merewi (alternative)
merowy (alternative)

Containing or resembling bone marrow; marrowy.


mersshy

English: marshy


thral

English: thrall

Scots: thirl

Inherited from Old English þrǣl, from Old Norse þræll, from Proto-Germanic *þragilaz. The short vowel is presumably from compounds such as thraldom.

tharll (alternative)
therll (alternative)
thrall (alternative)
thralle (alternative)
threll (alternative)
þral (alternative)
þrall (alternative)
þralle (alternative)
þrel (alternative)
ðral (alternative Early-Middle-English)
þreal (alternative Early-Middle-English)
þreall (alternative Early-Middle-English)

In slavery or servitude; subjugated, enslaved.

Debased, low; experiencing misery or misfortune.

Enthralled by Satan or sins; under the control of evil.


þreal

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of thral


sauled

Partial calque of Middle French saoulée, soûlée, past participle of saouler, soûler; compare saule.

(rare, Late Middle English) satisfied, filled


stið

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of stith (“hard”)


stithe

inflection of stith (“hard”):
weak singular

inflection of stith (“hard”):
strong/weak plural


semly

English: seemly

Scots: seemly

Either borrowed from or a calque of Old Norse sœmiligr (“seemly”); equivalent to semen (“to seem”) + -ly (adjectival suffix).

af

cemely (alternative)
seemelich (alternative)
seemly (alternative)
sembli (alternative)
sembly (alternative)
semblych (alternative)
semele (alternative)
semelich (alternative)
semeliche (alternative)
semely (alternative)
semle (alternative)
semli (alternative)
semlich (alternative)
semliche (alternative)
semlik (alternative)
semlye (alternative)
semmeli (alternative)
semyly (alternative)
symly (alternative)

Attractive, beautiful; aesthetically appealing.

Right, appropriate, suited; good for a purpose.

Seemly, becoming; following acceptable behaviour.

Noble, valorous, good; having good morals.

Likely; having a good chance of happening.


smethe

English: smeeth

Scots: smeeth

Inherited from Old English smēþe, from Proto-West Germanic *smanþī; compare smothe.

smeth (alternative)
smeþe (alternative)
smeðe (alternative)


smeðe

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of smethe


unstedefast

English: unsteadfast

Inherited from Old English unstedefæst; equivalent to un- + stedefast.

unstedfast (alternative)
un-stedfast (alternative)
unstedefaste (alternative)
unstedeffaste (alternative)
unsteffast (alternative)
unsteffaste (alternative)
unstidfast (alternative)
unstidefast (alternative)
unstidefaste (alternative)
unstudefast (alternative)
un-studfast (alternative)
unstedevast (alternative)
unstedevest (alternative)

Lacking strength or belief; unsteadfast, unfaithful, indecisive.

Lacking consistency; inconstant, mutable, changeable, impermanent.

Lacking permanence; temporary, impermanent, passing.

(rare) Swaying, tottering; lacking stillness.


bareyne

English: barren

Scots: barren

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman baraing, baraigne (continental Old French brehaigne), of unknown origin, but perhaps borrowed from a Germanic language, from Frankish *baʀ (“bare, naked”).

baran (alternative)
barand (alternative)
barayne (alternative)
baren (alternative)
bareigne (alternative)
bareyn (alternative)
baron (alternative)
barrany (alternative)
barrayne (alternative)
barren (alternative)
barreigne (alternative)

infertile, sterile (unable to give birth)

unproductive (of plants, soils, or times)

unthinking, stupid (having no intellect)

lacking, having no (strength, grace, etc.)


gydy

gydie (plural)
gydie (singular weak)
gidi (alternative)
guidi (alternative Southern)
guydi (alternative Southern)
gedy (alternative Northern)

English: giddy

Scots: giddy

Inherited from Old English gidiġ, gydiġ, from Proto-West Germanic *gudīg; compare god.

(rare, of animals) Crazed, out of control.


dysy

tlb

(chiefly Early Middle English West Midlands)

English: dizzy

→ Dutch: dizzy

Scots: desy, dussie, dissy

Inherited from Old English dysiġ, from Proto-West Germanic *dusīg.

dusi (alternative)
desy (alternative Kent)


stedefast

head

stedefast (plural and weak singular stedefaste)

stedefaste (plural)
stedefaste (singular weak)
steddefast (alternative)
stedefaste (alternative)
stedeffast (alternative)
stedfast (alternative)
stedfaste (alternative)
stidefast (alternative)
stidfast (alternative)
stodefast (alternative)
studefast (alternative)
studfast (alternative)
studfaste (alternative)
stydfast (alternative)
stydfaste (alternative)
stedefasst (alternative Early-Middle-English)
studefest (alternative Early-Middle-English)
studevest (alternative Early-Middle-English)
stedevast (alternative Kent)
stedevest (alternative Kent)

English: steadfast

Middle Scots: stedfast

Inherited from Old English stedefæst, from Proto-West Germanic *stadifast, from Proto-Germanic *stadifastaz; equivalent to stede (“place”) + -fast.

Constant, stable, immutable; not changeable:

Steadfast, firm, convicted; lacking doubt.

Strong, secured; having protection or power:

Trustworthy, faithful; adhering to promises.

Emotionally or physically healthy; hale.

Bold, valiant; displaying bravery or courage.


studefest

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of stedefast


stedefaste

inflection of stedefast:
strong/weak plural


weliȝ

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of wely


weoleful

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of weleful


loverede

Inherited from Old English lufrǣden; equivalent to love (“love”) + -rede.

loveraden (alternative)
loveradene (alternative)
love-rede (alternative)
lovereden (alternative)
lufredene (alternative Northern)
lufredyn (alternative Northern)


loveles

English: loveless

lofles (alternative)
lovelees (alternative)


lovesom

English: lovesome (dialectal loosome, lossom)

Scots: lusome, loesome, loosome

Inherited from Old English lufsum; equivalent to love (“love”) + -som.

lofesum (alternative)
lofsom (alternative)
loovesum (alternative)
lossom (alternative)
lossum (alternative)
lovesome (alternative)
lovesum (alternative)
lussum (alternative)
luvesum (alternative)
luffsum (alternative Northern)
lufsom (alternative Northern)
lufsome (alternative Northern)
lufsoum (alternative Northern)
luffsumm (alternative Early-Middle-English)
lufsum (alternative Early-Middle-English)

c. 1300, Anonymous, "Alison" (as printed in Oxford Book of English Verse, 1900)


lovabille

Alternative form of lovable (“praiseworthy”)


lovabil

(Northern) Alternative form of lovable (“praiseworthy”)


lufabul

(Northern) Alternative form of lovable (“lovable”)


luflich

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of lovely (adjective)


lofly

English: lovely

Middle Scots: lovely

From lof (“praise”) + -ly (adjectival suffix).

af

loflike (alternative)
looflike (alternative)
loovelike (alternative)
lovely (alternative)


schaply

English: shapely

Scots: shapely

Either from Old English *ġesċeaplīċ or formed anew from schap + -ly (adjectival suffix).

schapli (alternative)
schaplich (alternative)
schappely (alternative)
shaplich (alternative)
shaply (alternative)
shapply (alternative)
shapplych (alternative)

Shapely, gorgeous; physically attractive.

(medicine) Properly-shaped; not deformed.

Prepared or disposed (to do something; for something).


onlovely

Alternative form of unlovely (adjective)


obedyent

To whyche I am obedyent

c. 1374–1385 (date written), Geffray Chaucer [i.e., Geoffrey Chaucer], “The House of Fame. The Thyrde Boke.”, in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London: […] Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], published 1542, →OCLC, folio cccxvi, verso, column 1:


welthy

English: wealthy

Scots: walthy

welthe (alternative)
welthye (alternative)
welþi (alternative)

(Late Middle English) wealthy, prosperous


feale

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of fele (“good”)


plesaunte

English: pleasant

Yola: plesant

plesaunt (alternative)
plesant (alternative)


symulat

desc

English: simulate (obsolete as an adjective)

Borrowed from Latin simulātus, past participle of simulō; equivalent to symulen + -at.

similat (alternative)
similate (alternative)
simulat (alternative)
symulate (alternative)


riottes

(Late Middle English) Alternative form of riotous


riotouse

inflection of riotous:
strong/weak plural


lukky

English: lucky

Yola: luckie

(Late Middle English, hapax legomenon) lucky, fortunate


lightsum

English: lightsome

Yola: lightzom

lyghtesum (alternative)
lyghtsome (alternative)


uncountit

English: uncounted

kingis & knicħtis in company / Vncountit curiously vp I kest;

a. 1497, “The Gray Manuscript”, in George [Shields] Stevenson, editor, Pieces from the Makculloch and the Gray MSS. Together with the Chepman and Myllar Prints, Edinburgh, London: Printed for the Society by William Blackwood and Sons, published 1918, section VI ([Man haue mynd and þe amend]), page 55, lines 39–40:


tentif

English: tentive (obsolete)


stoicalle

English: stoical

And this Cato was a philosophre of the stoicalle secte, whiche made a science moralle whiche is callede the etike of Cato, of whom that litelle boke vsede to be redde to childer in scoles is abstracte.

1432–1450, Joseph Rawson Lumby, editor, Polychronicon Ranulphi Higden Monachi Cestrensis; Together with the English Translations of John Trevisa and of an Unknown Writer of the Fifteenth Century, volume IV, London: Longman & Co., and Trübner & Co., […]; also by Parker & Co, […]; Macmillan & Co., […]; A. & C. Black, […]; and A. Thom, […], published 1872, pages 203 and 205:


waast

Alternative form of wast (“waste (adjective)”)


rathere

English: rather (obsolete in this sense)

From Old English hraþor, comparative of hræþe.

rathar (alternative)
rathir (alternative)
rathur (alternative)
rathre (alternative)
rether (alternative)
ræðer (alternative Early-Middle-English)
hraþar (alternative Early-Middle-English)
reaðere (alternative Early-Middle-English)
redþer (alternative Early-Middle-English)
rader (alternative Early-Middle-English)
radder (alternative Early-Middle-English)
radir (alternative Early-Middle-English)
ratherne (alternative Early-Middle-English)
raþeren (alternative Early-Middle-English)

comparative degree of rathe; quicker, earlier


moneyeles

English: moneyless

moneles (alternative)
moneyles (alternative)


cwich

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of quyk


torterous

English: torturous

From Anglo-Norman torturous, from Old French tortureus, from Latin tortūra.

O turmentoure / traytoure / torterous tyraunte.

[1496], The Epitaffe of the Moste Noble & Valyaunt Iasper Late Duke of Beddeforde, [London]: [R. Pynson]:


hevenely

English: heavenly

Scots: heivenly

Inherited from Old English heofonlīċ; equivalent to hevene + -ly (adjectival suffix). The adverb is from the adjective; compare Old English heofonlīċe.

hefenlyche (alternative)
hefly (alternative)
hefnely (alternative)
heovelich (alternative)
hevelich (alternative)
hevenelich (alternative)
hevenelych (alternative)
hevenelyche (alternative)
hevenli (alternative)
hevenlich (alternative)
hevenliche (alternative)
hevenly (alternative)
hevenlyche (alternative)
hevinly (alternative)
hevynly (alternative)
hefennlike (alternative Early-Middle-English)
heovenlich (alternative Early-Middle-English)
hovenlich (alternative Early-Middle-English)

Relating to heaven (as the divine dwelling)

(by extension) Godly, sacred, otherworldly

Celestial, aerial; belonging to the atmosphere or sky.

(specifically) Sky-coloured; clear blue, azure.

(figuratively) Heavenly; incredibly beautiful or pleasant.


hovenlich

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of hevenely


synwy

English: sinewy

senewy (alternative)
senowy (alternative)
sinewy (alternative)
synewy (alternative)
synneuey (alternative)
synnowy (alternative)
synowy (alternative)
synuy (alternative)

Tendonous; having tendons or a large amount of them.

(literary, rare) Possessing nerves; nerved.

(botany, rare, of leaves) Possessing veins; veined.


sapyencyall

English: sapiential

From Old French or Late Latin/Ecclesiastical Latin sapientiālis, from Latin sapientia (“wisdom”) + -ālis (“-al”).

Truly to me yt ys grett consolacion / To here thys report that ye do avauns / ffor your sapyencyałł wyttes I gyf commendacion, / Euer at my nede I haue founde yow constant; […]

c. 1485, “The Conversion of St Paul”, in F[rederick] J[ames] Furnivall, editor, The Digby Mysteries, London: […] for The New Shakspere Society by N. Trübner & Co., published 1882, pages 29–30 (leaf 38, back):


flegge

English: fledge

modified after <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">fletcher</i>

⇒ English: fletch (modified after fletcher)

>? Scots: fleg, flegg

>? Yola: fletch

From Old English *flyċġe, from Proto-West Germanic *flugi.

flege (alternative)
flygge (alternative)

(of birds) Able to fly; feathered, fledged.


mysfeling

Possibly a participle of an unattested verb *mysfelen, from mys- + felen ("to think wrongly; to feel poorly"). By surface analysis, mys- + feling.

And in alle these thingus mys felende, `or unwittie, is the herte, and eche herte is understonden of hym.

c. 1382–1395, John Wycliffe [et al.], edited by Josiah Forshall and Frederic Madden, The Holy Bible, […], volume III, Oxford: At the University Press, published 1850, →OCLC, Ecclesiasticus XVI:20, page 153, column 1:

[KJV] No heart can think upon these things worthily: and who is able to conceive his ways?

In the myddell of mys felende men kep a wrd to tyme; in the myddel forsothe of men thenkende the lawe of God be thou besi.

c. 1382–1395, John Wycliffe [et al.], edited by Josiah Forshall and Frederic Madden, The Holy Bible, […], volume III, Oxford: At the University Press, published 1850, →OCLC, Ecclesiasticus XXVII:13, page 175, column 1:

[KJV] If thou be among the indiscreet, observe the time; but be continually among men of understanding.


fulsom

English: fulsome; foulsome

Scots: fousome, fowsum

folsum (alternative)
foulsome (alternative)
fulsome (alternative)
ful-some (alternative)
fulsum (alternative)


outfous

Inherited from Old English ūtfūs; equivalent to out- + fous (“eager”).

outefouse (alternative)
outfowse (alternative)

(rare, poetic) eager to leave; ready to depart


synneles

English: sinless

Inherited from Old English synlēas; equivalent and often remodelled after synne + -les.

senneles (alternative)
senne-les (alternative)
sinles (alternative)
sunneles (alternative)
synles (alternative)
synnelees (alternative)
senne-leas (alternative Early-Middle-English East-Anglia)
sinnelæs (alternative Ormulum)


senne-leas

(Early Middle English, East Anglia) Alternative form of synneles


synfulle

inflection of synful:
strong/weak plural


cynfulle

(Late Middle English) Alternative form of synful


goodles

English: goodless

Scots: guidless

Inherited from Old English gōdlēas; by surface analysis, good + -les.


oreles

head

oreles (plural and weak singular orelese)

orelese (plural)
orelese (singular weak)
are-les (alternative)
arleas (alternative)
arleæs (alternative)
oreleas (alternative)
orleas (alternative)
arelæs (alternative Ormulum)

Inherited from Old English ārlēas; by surface analysis, ore (“honour”) + -les.


orelese

inflection of oreles:
strong/weak plural


waterles

English: waterless

From Old English wæterlēas, from Proto-Germanic *watōrlausaz. Equivalent to water + -les.


wyfles

English: wifeless, wiveless

Yola: wooveless

Either from Old English wīflēas or a new formation from wyf (“wife”) + -les.

wiflees (alternative)
wifles (alternative)
wijfeles (alternative)
wyflees (alternative)
wyveles (alternative)
wyyfles (alternative)

[…] ye that ar a knyght wyveles · that ye woll nat love ſom mayden oþ̀[er] jantylwoman […]

1470–1483 (date produced), Thom̃s Malleorre [i.e., Thomas Malory], “[Launcelot du Lake]”, in Le Morte Darthur (British Library Additional Manuscript 59678), [England: s.n.], folio 104, verso, lines 25–26:


berdles

English: beardless

Scots: beardless

Inherited from Old English beardlēas; by surface analysis, berd + -les.

beerdles (alternative)
berdeles (alternative)
berdlese (alternative)
berdless (alternative)


fruytles

English: fruitless

fruteles (alternative)
frutles (alternative)
fruytlees (alternative)


housles

English: houseless

Possibly from an Old English *hūslēas, from Proto-West Germanic *hūsalaus, from Proto-Germanic *hūsalausaz.
Alternatively, this word may have been formed anew, possibly as a calque of Old Norse húslauss or Middle Dutch huusloos; in any case, equivalent to hous + -les.

houseles (alternative)
houselesse (alternative)
houslese (alternative)
howsles (alternative)


kingles

English: kingless

From king + -les, possibly as a calque of Old Norse konunglauss.

king les (alternative)
kyngeles (alternative)
kynglees (alternative)
kyngles (alternative)

(uncommon, especially Northern) Without a king; kingless.


lyfles

English: lifeless

Inherited from Old English līflēas; by surface analysis, lyf + -les.

lifles (alternative)
lyflesse (alternative)
lyveles (alternative)
lifleas (alternative Early-Middle-English)

(uncommon) Lacking life; lifeless, dead.


nithful

Inherited from Old English nīþfull; by surface analysis, nith + -ful.

nyþeful (alternative)
niðful (alternative Early-Middle-English)
niþfull (alternative Early-Middle-English)
nyðful (alternative Early-Middle-English)

(poetic) Hateful, malign, jealous; showing envy or hate.


niðful

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of nithful


unbegunne

English: unbegun

The myhti god, which unbegunne
 Stant of himself and hath begunne
 Alle othre thinges at his wille […].

1390, John Gower, Confessio Amantis, book 8, lines 1–2:

unbegun: that had no beginning, always existent


Atlantyke

English: Atlantic

occean Atlantyke
occean Atlantyke#Middle_English


in the stede

The ſhyphyrdes vſe it in the ſtede of a ſtrayner

Modern English:

Turner, William I. A New Herball, Wherein are Conteyned the Names of Herbes in Greke, Latin, Englijsh, Duch, Frenche, and in the Potecaries and Herbaries Latin (etc.). United Kingdom, Steven Mierdman, 1551.

"The shepherds use it instead of a strainer"


trystefull

Hayll! talker trystefull of trew tales.

a. 1450, Lucy Toulmin Smith, editor, York Plays: The Plays Performed by the Crafts or Mysteries of York on the Day of Corpus Christi in the 14th, 15th, and 16th Centuries; Now First Printed from the Unique Manuscript in the Library of Lord Ashburnham, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, published 1885, page 217, line 514:


trystefull

English: tristful

And entryng in his hermytage he founde hym tryſtefull and ſore to the deth.

1495, Wyllyam Caxton, transl., Vitas Patrum, Westminster: Wynkyn de Worde, folio clxxx, verso:


weldy

So freſhe, ſo yonge, ſo weldy ſemed he / It was an heuen upon him for to ſe

c. 1380s, [Geoffrey Chaucer, William Caxton, editor], The Double Sorow of Troylus to Telle Kyng Pryamus Sone of Troye … [Troilus and Criseyde], [Westminster]: Explicit per Caxton, published 1482, →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], book II, [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC, folio clxxvi, verso, column 1, lines 412–413:

So fresh, so young, so nimble seemed he / It was a heaven upon him for to see


frenetik

English: frantic; frenetic; phrenitic

Borrowed from Middle French frenetique, from Latin phrenēticus, from Ancient Greek φρενητικός (phrenētikós). Compare frenesie; see there for pronunciations with /a/.

frantike (alternative)
frantyke (alternative)
frenetic (alternative)
frenetyk (alternative)
frentik (alternative)


columbyne

English: columbine

Com forþ now, wiþ þyne eyen columbyn! / How fairer been þy brestes þan is wyn!

1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “(please specify the story)”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC:


miswandryinge

The couetise of euery good is naturalli planted in the hertes of men: but the miswandryinge errour, misledeth him into fals goodes.


penyble

English: penible

The moore trewe if þat it were possible She was to hym in loue and moore penyble.


forglopned

To beldenn ⁊ to frofrenn þe, Ȝiff he þe seþ forrgloppnedd.

c. 1180, Orm, edited by Robert Meadows White, The Ormulum, page 20, lines 669–670:

To bolden and to comfort thee, if he sees thee distressed.

Saul him quok, sua was he rad, For-glopind in his mod all madd.

c. 1350, anonymous author, edited by Richard Morris, Cursor Mundi, Göttingen edition, page 1124, lines 19633–19634:

Saul quaked, so afraid was he, overwhelmed in his mind, completely mad.


gilty

For Catoun seith, that he that gilty is

late 14th century, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Canon's Yeoman's Prologue, The Canterbury Tales, line 688-689

For Cato says that he who is guilty
Believes every thing is spoken about him, indeed.


porsif'

(Late Middle English) Alternative form of pursyf


chynchy

The rich chinchy grede

c. 1360s (date written), Geffray Chaucer [i.e., Geoffrey Chaucer], “The Romaunt of the Rose”, in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London: […] Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], published 1542, →OCLC:


scald hoot

English: scalding hot

Yola: scaul hoate

scalde-hoot (alternative)
scladeng hoot (alternative)


humaynly

From humayne + -ly. Modelled on Middle Dutch. Compare Modern English humanly.

And euery man that stondeth here wolde wel bethynke hym what he hath doon and bydryuen in his dayes he shold the better haue pacience and pyte on Reynart / late euery man knowe hym self / that is my coūseyl / ther is none that stōdeth so surely, but otherwhyle he falleth or slydeth / who that ne∣uer mysdede ne synned, is holy and good and hath no ne∣de to amende hym / whan a man doth amys, and thenne by coūseyl amendeth it / that is humaynly / and so ought he to doo / but alway to mys do & trespace / and not to amē∣de hym / that ys euyl and a deuely lyf / Merke thenne what is wreton in the gospel Estote misericordes / be ye mer∣cyful yet standeth ther more

[1481], The Historye of Reynart the Foxe, [Westminster]: [William Caxton]; republished in Early English Books Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: Text Creation Partnership, p. 2011:

(hapax legomenon) characteristic of human nature


roughe

English: rough

Scots: roch

Yola: rugh

From Old English rūg, rūh, from Proto-Germanic *rūhaz.


ylich

yliche (plural)
yliche (singular weak)
ylych (alternative)
ilich (alternative)
ilych (alternative)
ylik (alternative)
ylyk (alternative)
ilik (alternative)
ilyk (alternative)
iliche (alternative)
ileche (alternative)
ilic (alternative)
ȝelic (alternative)
ȝelich (alternative)
gelic (alternative)
ylijk (alternative)
illike (alternative)
ilek (alternative)

English: alike

Scots: ylike, ylyke, elike, elyke

From Old English ġelīċ. Doublet of lik. More at alike.

alike, similar (+ dative or to: similar to, like)

equalling; matching up in status, power, etc. (+ dative or to: to)

(usually following an adverb meaning ‘always’) constant, unvarying, unchanging


chaungeable

English: changeable

/ˌt͡ʃaːnˈd͡ʒaːbəl/

From Old Northern French chaungeable, changable, from Late Latin cambiāre (“to change”), equivalent to chaungen + -able.

changable (alternative)
changeable (alternative)
chaungable (alternative)
chaungeabil (alternative)
chaungebyll (alternative)
chawngabil (alternative)
chawngabile (alternative)
chawngeabil (alternative)
chawngeabyl (alternative)
chongabyl (alternative)
chongeable (alternative)

Possible or liable to change; unstable, mutable, malleable.

Lacking permanence; transitory, unstable.

Emotionally volatile; fickle, shifty, untrustworthy.


forwaked

Hyr women caught hir vp anon / And broghten hir in bed al naked / And she forweped and forwaked / was wery and thus the ded slepe / Fil on hir [...]

c. 1368, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Book of the Duchess, as recorded c. 1440–1450 in Bodleian Library MS. Fairfax 16, folio 131, recto

Her women picked her up straightaway, and brought her to bed naked, and she, having wept a great deal, and tired from lack of sleep, was weary, and thus sleep, like death, seized on her.

I wote so forwakyd / is none in this shyre: / I wold slepe if I takyd / les to my hyere

15th c., “Alia eorundem [Shepherds' Play II]”, in Wakefield Mystery Plays; Re-edited in George England, Alfred W. Pollard, editors, The Towneley Plays (Early English Text Society Extra Series; LXXI), London: […] Oxford University Press, 1897, →OCLC, page 124:

I think no one in this shire is so tired by lack of sleep [as I am]. I would sleep if I were paid less.

Tired by lack of sleep; suffering from sleeplessness.


beflugged

From Proto-West Germanic *fleugan, from Proto-Germanic *fleuganą, from Proto-Indo-European *plewk-.

beflogged (alternative)
befluggen (alternative)
biflugged (alternative)

Unclear hapax legomenon from Piers Plowman. Potentially means elevated or on high.


span-neue

English: span-new

Scots: spang-new

Borrowed from Old Norse spān-nȳr (“new chips; fresh shavings”), with influence from neue.

bor+

spanneu (alternative)
spanneneu (alternative)
spanneneue (alternative)
spannewe (alternative)
sponneue (alternative)
sponneoue (alternative)

Þe cok bigan of him to rewe, And bouthe him cloþes, al spannewe.

The cook began to pity him, and bought him brand new clothes.


pecunyal

If any person wolde upon hem playne / There might aſterte hem no pecunyal payne

1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Freres Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC, folio xliii, recto, column 2:

If any person were to inform upon him, it would certainly / be impossible to escape the painful monetary consequences


uncunninge

But if ye Muses hadden withdrawen fro me, with your flateryes, any uncunninge and unprofitable man, as men ben wont to finde comunly amonges the poeple

c. 1382 (date written), Geffray Chaucer [i.e., Geoffrey Chaucer], “Boetius de consolatione Philosophie”, in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London: […] Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], published 1542, →OCLC:


toforeseid

toforesaid (alternative)
toforeseide (alternative)
toforeseyde (alternative)


reyny

English: rainy

Scots: rainy

From Old English reġniġ, from Proto-West Germanic *regnag, from Proto-Germanic *regnagaz; equivalent to reyn (“rain”) + -y.

rayne (alternative)
raynee (alternative)
rayny (alternative)
reiny (alternative)
reyni (alternative)

(by extension) Pertaining to or tending to experience rain.


wrongwis

wrongwīs (canonical)
wrongwīse (alternative)
wrongewīse (alternative)

From Old English wrangwīs (“wrongous, rough, uneven”).


mysesed

English: miseased

myseised (alternative)
myssaysid (alternative)

suffering, in pain; having discomfort or misery; troubled


wurse

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of worse


wrst

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of worst


forsobbed

sit full still, as it were in a sleeping device, all forsobbed and forsunken in sorrow.

14th century, The Cloud of Unknowing, Chapter 44

Tyll on slepynge that he fell swore

16th century, "The Bodily Fragments of Sir Lamwell" in Bishop Percy's Folio Manuscript, page 523


for-sobbed

Tyll on slepynge that he fell swore


unchaungeable

English: unchangeable

onchaungable (alternative)
onchongeabyl (alternative)
unchancheabil (alternative)
unchaunchable (alternative)
unchangeable (alternative)
unchaungable (alternative)

Unchangeable; unchanging or unable to change.


sedatif

English: sedative

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman sedatif or Medieval Latin sēdātīvus. First attested in c. 1425.


immevable

English: immovable

immovable (alternative)
immoveable (alternative)
inmoeveable (alternative)


portentuous

English: portentuous

And for encheson that we haue in our former bokis, after our connynge whiche gretely is ennaked from all lusty eloquence of electe vtteraunce, explosed thactes & gestis of outlandyssh peple to vs moche enstraunged by remotyf dystaunce of ferre contreys, we not leuynge vnremembrid suche thyngis as of their goddes emonge theym be reported, bryngynge vnto the light of our comyn remembraunce the sytuacion of euery place & coost, and of euery specyal regyon by it-self, what beestis sauage of nature and wylde wormys in those parties moost habounde, wyth all / other monstruous thynges & portentuous wondres digne and worthy to be enrolled for a memorial of recorde; […]

c. 1487, Diodorus Siculus, translated by Iohn Skelton, The Bibliotheca Historica of Diodorus Siculus Translated by Iohn Skelton, London: […] [F]or the Early English Text Society by Geoffrey Cumberlege, Oxford University Press […], published 1956, pages 342–343:


engowschede

head

engowschede (plural and weak singular ?)

He drissede in a derfe schelde, endenttyd with sable, With a dragone engowschede, dredfulle to schewe

1865, Edmund Brock (editor), Morte Arthure, Or The Death of Arthur, page 61:


blisfulle

inflection of blisful:
strong/weak plural


abloy

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman *abloi, past participle of *abloir, variant of esbloir (“to astonish”) (modern French éblouir), from Early Medieval Latin *exblaudīre, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *blauþijaną (“to weaken”).

der

(hapax legomenon, poetic) Full of joy; overjoyed.


sleples

English: sleepless

From Old English slǣplēas; equivalent to slep (“sleep”) + -les (“-less”).

sleeplees (alternative)
slepeles (alternative)
sleplesse (alternative)

(Late Middle English, uncommon) sleepless, restless


forrme

(Ormulum) Alternative form of forme (“first”)


heleful

head

heleful (plural and weak singular heelfulle)

heelfulle (plural)
heelfulle (singular weak)
heelful (alternative)
heelfull (alternative)
helefuille (alternative)
helefull (alternative)
helful (alternative)
helfull (alternative)

English: healful

Scots: heleful, heilful

Heelful sacrifice and preyer for synnes is to take hede to Þe comandementis and to depart fro vnrigtwisnes.

1966, John Trevisa, Robert Reilly, A Middle English Summary of the Bible:


hareiously

Presumably from Middle English harageous, which is also attested with closer spelling haraious. haraious bears comparison to Old French aragier (“become enraged”), though all Middle English forms have the initial h, perhaps through the influence of Old French harer (“to set a dog on”), whence English harass, etc.

Indignacion is whan a man hath disdayn & despit of simple folk & lest not to speke to his pouer euyncristyn ... & hariowsly takyth on with cristis pore peple.

c. 1350, Richard Lavynham, A Litil Tretys on the Seven Deadly Sins, transcribed by Wilfred Lister, "A Stylistic Analysis of Jacob's Well (Chapters 1 – 50)", PhD thesis (Southampton, 1986), page 29

The sexte cornere of pride is indignacyoun; that is, whan thou hast dysdeyn of symple folk, & lust noght to speke to hem but full of scorn & of iapys; in beryng the foule to thi sogettys, & hareiously takyst on wyth hem, & wyth thi peerys...

c. 1440, Jacob's Well, transcribed by Wilfred Lister, "A Stylistic Analysis of Jacob's Well (Chapters 1 – 50)", PhD thesis (Southampton, 1986), page 28


enheritable

English: inheritable

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman enheritable; equivalent to enheriten + -able.

heneritable (alternative)
inheritable (alternative)
inherytable (alternative)

(of people) inheritable (eligible to inherit).

(of property) inheritable, hereditary (able to be inherited)


holsomme

(Late Middle English) Alternative form of holsom


holsome

inflection of holsom:
strong/weak plural


halsum

(Early Middle English or Northern) Alternative form of holsom


hondsom

English: handsome

Scots: handsome, haundsome

handsom (alternative)
handsum (alternative)

(Late Middle English, rare) Easily handlable or controllable.


unbuhsum

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of unbuxom


onfold

English: onefold

desc

Scots: aefauld, aefald, aefaul (noun), ae-fald, ae-faul (adj), afawld, afald

Inherited from Old English ānfeald, ānfald (“single, simple”), from Proto-Germanic *ainafalþaz; equivalent to on + -fold.

Godes wei is streinðe þe anfalde monne..Iob wes anfald rihtwis Mon.

Anfald godd i cal in thre, / Lauerd loued in trinite. — Cursor Mundi, 1400


baysk

Middle Scots: bask (hapax)

Scots: bask

Borrowed from Old Norse beiskr, from Proto-Germanic *baitskaz.

bask (alternative)
baiske (alternative)
bayscke (alternative)
bayske (alternative)
beȝȝsc (alternative Ormulum)


comynne

(Late Middle English) Alternative form of comun


rownde

(Late Middle English) Alternative form of round