eri

English: eerie

Probably from a variant form of Old English earg, from Proto-Germanic *argaz. Doublet of argh.


slider

English: slidder, slither (obsolete as an adjective)

From Old English slidor, from Proto-West Germanic *slidr.

slidder (alternative)
sclydyr (alternative)
sledyr (alternative)
slidre (alternative)
slidur (alternative)
slidir (alternative)
sklither (alternative)
slidere (alternative)
slyder (alternative)
slydere (alternative)

Causing slips; having low friction; greasy or slithery.

(rare) Even; having a smoothened surface.


sed

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of sad


collegial

English: collegial

/kɔˌlɛːd͡ʒiˈaːl/

Borrowed from Middle French collégial; equivalent to college + -al.

collegeall (alternative)
collegiall (alternative)

(of a church) Ruled by a grouping of clergy; collegial.


tum

(Northern) Alternative form of tome (“empty”)


baleful

English: baleful

From Old English bealuful. By surface analysis, bale + -ful.

balful (alternative)
baluful (alternative)
balefulle (alternative)
balefule (alternative)
balleful (alternative)
balefull (alternative)
balful (alternative)
balfulle (alternative)


fremde

English: fremd (rare, chiefly dialectal)

Scots: fremmit, fremd, frempt, frem

From Old English fremde, from Proto-Germanic *framaþiz.

fremede (alternative)
fremed (alternative)
fremmed (alternative)
frempt (alternative)
fremmid (alternative)
fremmede (alternative)
freomede (alternative)
ffremyd (alternative)
fremd (alternative)

out of the ordinary
out of the ordinary#English


wurst

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of worst


leden

English: leaden

From Old English lēaden; equivalent to led + -en (“made of”).

leaden (alternative)
ledyn (alternative)
ledun (alternative)
ledyng (alternative)


westen

Yola: westan

From Old English westan, westane, from Proto-West Germanic *westanā (“westwards”), from Proto-Germanic *westanē (“westwards”). Compare west (“west”).

inh

westan (alternative)
westene (alternative)

(rare, Early Middle English) western (of the west)


skyr

English: skire (obsolete), sheer

Scots: skyre

From Old Norse skírr, from Proto-Germanic *skīriz. Doublet of schyre.

skir (alternative)
skire (alternative)
skyre (alternative)

clear-coloured, pale, light, luminous, radiant

(rare) unadulterated, undiluted, full-strength


hideous

Alternative form of hidous (“terrifying”)


frightful

English: frightful

From Old English forhtful; equivalent to fright + -ful.


manly

English: manly

Scots: manly

From Old English *manlīċ, from Proto-West Germanic *mannlīk, from Proto-Germanic *mannlīkaz; equivalent to man + -ly (adjectival suffix).

maneli (alternative)
manli (alternative)
manlich (alternative)
manliche (alternative)
monly (alternative)
monlich (alternative Early-Middle-English)

Having qualities befitting a man; courageous, resolute, noble.


gleaw

Alternative form of gleu (“knowledgeable”)


knotty

English: knotty

Scots: knottie

knotti (alternative)
cnotti (alternative)


grille

English: gril

From Old English grel (“harsh”). Compare German grell (“lurid, shrill”).

c. 1370s. Geoffrey Chaucer, The Romaunt of the Rose. 71-4.
The briddes, that han left hir song,
Whyl they han suffred cold so strong
In wedres grille, and derk to sighte,
Ben in May, for the sonne brighte,

(please add an English translation of this quotation)


cloven

English: cloven

Scots: clowen, cloen

From Old English clofen, ġeclofen, past participle of clēofan, from Proto-Germanic *klubanaz, past participle of *kleubaną.

clove (alternative)
clofenn (alternative)
clovyn (alternative)
clofen (alternative)
i-clove (alternative)
y clove (alternative)

Split, cloven, separated, divided (used of anatomical features)


ragged

English: ragged

Scots: raggit

From Old Norse raggaðr; equivalent to and reinforced by ragge + -ed.

raggid (alternative)
ragget (alternative)
raggede (alternative)
raggyd (alternative)
ragyd (alternative)
reaggeth (alternative)
raged (alternative)
raggit (alternative)


egged

English: edged

From Old English ecged; equivalent to egge (“edge”) + -ed.

yegged (alternative)
iegged (alternative)
iegghed (alternative)
eggid (alternative)

(in compounds) Having an edge of a certain type.


eche

From Old English ēċe, ǣċe, from Proto-West Germanic *ajukī. Cognate with Dutch eeuwig (“eternal”), German ewig (“eternal”), Swedish evig (“perpetual, eternal”), Latin iūgis (“continual”).

(Early Middle English) eternal, everlasting


hateful

English: hateful

haatful (alternative)
hatefull (alternative)
hatfull (alternative)
hatteful (alternative)
hatful (alternative)
hatfful (alternative)
hatefulle (alternative)

(rare, Late Middle English) Hateful, angry, ireful, raging.


stony

English: stony

Scots: stany

Inherited from Old English stāniġ, from Proto-West Germanic *stainag, from Proto-Germanic *stainagaz; equivalent to ston + -y.

stani (alternative)
staniȝ (alternative)
stany (alternative)
stoni (alternative)
stonye (alternative)


hos

hose (plural)
hose (singular weak)
hose (alternative)
hoos (alternative)
hoose (alternative)
hoce (alternative)
hase (alternative)
haase (alternative)
hayse (alternative)
hors (alternative)
horse (alternative)
hoorse (alternative)

English: hoarse

Scots: hairse, hairsh, haise

From Old English hās, *hārs, from Proto-Germanic *haisaz, *haisraz.

(rare) Unclear-sounding; hard to detect.


credible

English: credible

Borrowed from Middle French crédible, from Latin crēdibilis; compare crede, credence, and creditour.

credeable (alternative)
credebule (alternative)
credibele (alternative)
credibill (alternative)
credyble (alternative)
credybyl (alternative)


forme

head

forme (plural and weak singular forme, comparative formere, superlative formest)

forme (plural)
forme (singular weak)
formere (comparative)
formest (superlative)
form (alternative)
forrme (alternative Ormulum)

Inherited from Old English forma, from Proto-West Germanic *formō, *frumō, from Proto-Germanic *frumô.

(superlative) earliest, oldest (in time)

(superlative) first, foremost (in number, sequence, or rank)


yong

yong (comparative yongere, superlative yongeste)

yongere (comparative)
yongeste (superlative)
yonge (alternative)
yongge (alternative)
young (alternative)
younge (alternative)
yung (alternative)
yunge (alternative)
iunge (alternative)
yoing (alternative)
yeng (alternative)
yenge (alternative)
ying (alternative)
yinge (alternative)
yyng (alternative)
ynge (alternative)
yhong (alternative)
yhonge (alternative)
yhung (alternative)
yhyng (alternative)
ȝohng (alternative)
ȝeing (alternative)
ȝhong (alternative)
ȝong (alternative)
ȝonge (alternative)
ȝoung (alternative)
ȝounge (alternative)
ȝung (alternative)
ȝunge (alternative)
ȝungge (alternative)
ȝeng (alternative)
ȝenge (alternative)
ȝing (alternative)
ȝinge (alternative)
ȝyng (alternative)
ȝynge (alternative)
ȝyonge (alternative)
ȝonke (alternative)
ȝoyng (alternative)
ȝeonge (alternative)
ȝuinge (alternative)
ȝeunge (alternative)
ȝiung (alternative)
gunge (alternative)
ging (alternative)
ginge (alternative)
jung (alternative)

English: young

Scots: young

Characteristic of a young person; youthful.

Having little experience; inexperienced, unpractised.

Being the younger of two people of the same name, usually related; junior.

At an early stage of existence or development.


injurious

English: injurious

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman enjurius, from Latin iniūriōsus; equivalent to injurie + -ous.

(of speech) Rude, offensive, distasteful.

Morally wrong or evil; potentially dangerous.


cwic

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of quyk


linden

English: linden

From Old English linden, equivalent to lynde + -en (“made of”).


hefig

(chiefly Early Middle English) Alternative form of hevy


thorny

English: thorny

Scots: thorny

From Old English þorniġ, from Proto-West Germanic *þornag. Equivalent to thorn + -y.

thornee (alternative)
thornye (alternative)
þorni (alternative)
þorny (alternative)


gode

weak singular and strong/weak plural of good


brod

brod (plural and weak singular brode, comparative broddere, superlative broddest)

brode (plural)
brode (singular weak)
broddere (comparative)
broddest (superlative)
brode (alternative)
brood (alternative)

English: broad

Scots: braid

Yola: brode

From Old English brād, from Proto-West Germanic *braid, from Proto-Germanic *braidaz.


lives

From Old English līfes (“alive”), itself from the genitive singular of līf (“life”). For the use of the genitive in forming adverbs from nouns compare evenings (“in the evening”). More at -s (etymology 3).

Hir fader, that this tidinge herd anon,
 Curseth the day and time that Nature
 Shoop him to been a lives creature.

1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “(please specify the story)”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC, lines 901-903:


cours

English: coarse

Scots: coorse

Borrowed from Old French cours, curs, from Latin cursus; compare Middle Dutch coers.

cors (alternative)
cource (alternative)
course (alternative)
cowrs (alternative)
cowrse (alternative)
curs (alternative)
kours (alternative)

Ordinary, coarse; of inferior grade or quality.


burnet

Borrowed from Old French brunet, brunete (“brunette”).

bornet (alternative)
brunet (alternative)
burnett (alternative)
burnete (alternative)
bornete (alternative)


stormy

English: stormy

Scots: stormy

Inherited from Old English stormiġ; equivalent to storm + -y.

stormi (alternative)
storemig (alternative)
sturmy (alternative)

Affected by an instance of intense wind and precipitation; stormy.

Indecisive, fluctuating, inconsistent; lacking consistency or decisiveness.

Fractious or warring; affected by conflicts or disputes.


snowy

English: snowy

Scots: snawy

From Old English snāwiġ; equivalent to snow + -y.

snowy (resembling snow in temperature or colour)


corny

English: corny

Scots: cornie (obsolete, rare)

Yola: cornee, kurnee

Or els a draught of moyste corny ale

1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Doctour of Physyckes Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC:

(rare) containing corn; tasting of malt, tasting well of malt, malty


borden

English: boarden

bordyn (alternative)
burden (alternative)


nought

English: nought, naught

Scots: nocht

From Old English nāwiht, nōwiht, from Proto-West Germanic *naiwwiht; equivalent to ne + ought.

naȝt (alternative)
naught (alternative)
nauȝt (alternative)
nawght (alternative)
nawȝt (alternative)
nofte (alternative)
noght (alternative)
nogt (alternative)
nogthe (alternative)
noȝt (alternative)
noth (alternative)
noughte (alternative)
noughtt (alternative)
nouȝt (alternative)
nouȝte (alternative)
nouȝth (alternative)
nouȝthe (alternative)
nouht (alternative)
noust (alternative)
nout (alternative)
nouth (alternative)
nowght (alternative)
nowȝt (alternative)
nowhte (alternative)
nowt (alternative)
naht (alternative Early-Middle-English)
naut (alternative Early-Middle-English)
nawiht (alternative Early-Middle-English)
nohht (alternative Early-Middle-English)
noht (alternative Early-Middle-English)


dusty

English: dusty

Scots: dusty, disty

From Old English dūstiġ; equivalent to dust + -y.


cavernous

English: cavernous

From Old French caverneux or Latin cavernōsus (“full of hollows or cavities”); equivalent to caverne + -ous.


loth

lother (comparative)
lothe (alternative)

English: loath, loth

⇒ Yola: lotherwite

I durſt ſaye that of his age ther is not in this land a better knyghte than he is nor of better condycions and lothe to doo ony wronge / and loth to take ony wronge

1470–1485 (date produced), Thomas Malory, “Capitulum Quintum”, in [Le Morte Darthur], book IV, [London: […] by William Caxton], published 31 July 1485, →OCLC, leaf 62, verso; republished as H[einrich] Oskar Sommer, editor, Le Morte Darthur […], London: David Nutt, […], 1889, →OCLC, page 124, lines 10–13:

I daresay that there is not a knight of his age in this land better than he is, nor of better qualities and loth to do any wrong and loth to receive any wrong.

c. 1368, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Book of the Duchess, as recorded c. 1440–1450 in Bodleian Library MS. Fairfax 16, folio 130r

I have so many idle thoughts / Purely from lack of sleep / That I swear I take no heed / Of anything, whether it comes or goes, / And nothing is either dear to me or hated.

I have so many an ydel thoght / Purely for defaulte of slepe / That by my trouthe I take no kepe / Of noo thinge how hyt cometh or gooth / Ne me nys no thynge leve nor looth


compleet

English: complete

Borrowed from Old French complet or Latin completus. More at complete.


brawny

English: brawny


smal

head

smal (plural and weak singular smale, comparative smalre, superlative smalest)

smale (plural)
smale (singular weak)
smalre (comparative)
smalest (superlative)
smale (alternative)
smalle (alternative)
smel (alternative)
smæl (alternative)
small (alternative)

English: small

Geordie English: sma'

Scots: sma'

Yola: smaale, small

From Old English smæl, from Proto-Germanic *smalaz.


lange

(Early Middle English) inflection of long:


wollen

English: woollen, woolen

Scots: wollin, wolne, wowne

From Old English wyllen, with influence from wolle, from Proto-Germanic *wullīnaz; thus equalling wolle + -en (“made of”).

wollene (alternative)
wolleyn (alternative)
wollyn (alternative)
wollun (alternative)
wolland (alternative)
wolen (alternative)
wolyn (alternative)
woullen (alternative)
wullen (alternative)
wullun (alternative)
willene (alternative)
wolnen (alternative)
wullin (alternative)

Made of wool fibers or fabric spun therefrom.


doucet

English: dulcet

From Old French doucet; equivalent to douce + -et.

dowcet (alternative)
dowset (alternative)
dowsett (alternative)
dulcett (alternative)

(rare, Late Middle English) Sweet-tasting, sugary.

(rare, Late Middle English) Nice-tasting, tasty or delicious.

(rare, Late Middle English) Melodious, harmonious.

(rare, Late Middle English) Nice, friendly, kind.


ferial

English: ferial

Borrowed from Medieval Latin fēriālis; equivalent to ferie (“weekday”) + -al.

feriall (alternative)
feryal (alternative)
feryall (alternative)
feryalle (alternative)
fferyel (alternative)

(chiefly Late Middle English) ferial (pertaining to an ordinary day)


lyard

late 1300s, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Friar's Tale

Þat was wel twiȝt, myn owene lyard boy. / I pray God save þee, and Seinte Loy!

(of a horse) having dappled white and grey spots


delicat

desctree

English: delicate
→ Japanese: デリケート (derikēto)

1360–1387, William Langland, Piers Plowman (C-text), passus IX, line 285

Þenk þat diues for hus delicat lyf to þe deuel wente.


couth

And of the felonyes and fraudes of thyne accuſours, it ſemeth the to haue touched it forſoth ryghtfully & ſhortly al myghten tho ſame thynges better & more plentuouſly been couth in the mouthe of the people that knoweth al this.

c. 1382 (date written), Geffray Chaucer [i.e., Geoffrey Chaucer], “Boetius de consolatione Philosophie. The Fyrst Boke.”, in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London: […] Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], published 1542, →OCLC, folio ccxxxvi, recto, column 1:

And of the felonies and frauds of your accusers, it seems that you have indeed rightfully touched upon it briefly, as these same things might have been better and more fully familiar in the mouth of the people that know all this [i.e., the people's voice may have said these things better and more fully].

couth; familiar, known; well-known, renowned


hor

English: hoar

Scots: hare, hair

From Old English hār, from Proto-Germanic *hairaz.

hore (alternative)
hoare (alternative)
hoer (alternative)
hoere (alternative)
hoor (alternative)

Grey, greyish, grey-white (usually referring to hair)


jung

(chiefly Early Middle English) Alternative form of yong


boon

English: boon

Borrowed from Old Northern French boon, from Old French bon (“good”).

bone (alternative)
boun (alternative)
bon (alternative)


rebellious

English: rebellious

rebellous (alternative)
rebellyus (alternative)
rebellouse (alternative)

Refusing to submit to authorities; rebellious.


ole

Alternative form of hol (“healthy, whole”)


massy

English: massy

Scots: massie

masse (alternative)
mascy (alternative)
masie (alternative)
masy (alternative)

(rare) Unsculpted; not given a shape, primordial.


leaden

(Late Middle English) Alternative form of leden (“leaden”)


sacre

sacrē (canonical)
sacri (alternative)
sakare (alternative)

Borrowed from Old French sacree and sacre. Probably influenced by Old French sacré, past participle of Old French sacrer.


commendable

English: commendable

From Middle French commendable, from Latin commendabilis; equivalent to commenden + -able.

comendable (alternative)
commendabell (alternative)
commendabil (alternative)
commendabill (alternative)


heil

heyl (alternative)
hail (alternative)
hayl (alternative)
hæil (alternative Early-Middle-English)
whayle (alternative Late-Middle-English)

From Old Norse heill, from Proto-Germanic *hailaz (“whole; entire; healthy”). Doublet of hole.


badder

They demen gladly to the badder ende.

1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Squyers Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC:


blonc

English: blank

→ German: Plenk

blank (alternative)
blaunc (alternative)
blaunche (alternative)


tendre

Scots: tender

English: tender

14th c. Geoffrey Chaucer, The Canterbury Tales. General Prologue: 6-7.
The tendre croppes, and the yonge sonne
Hath in the Ram his halfe cours yronne,


lusty

English: lusty

From lust + -y, though note Old Norse lostigr.


wel

bet (comparative)
well (alternative)
weel (alternative)
weele (alternative)
wele (alternative)
welle (alternative)
wulle (alternative)
wille (alternative)
wal (alternative)
wol (alternative)

English: well

Scots: weel, wele, weil, weill

From Old English wel, from Proto-Germanic *wela.

Lucky; experiencing good luck or fortune.

Good, worthy, commendable; of good quality or moral status.

Wealthy, prosperous, accomplished; experiencing success.

Pleased, happy, glad; experiencing happiness.

Healthy; experiencing good health and/or in good condition.

Fine, acceptable, suitable, useable; having no problems.

(rare) Having good grooming or personal hygiene.


misty

Alternative form of mysty (“figurative”)


sor

English: sore (obsolete)

From Old French sor, from Frankish *saur, from Proto-Germanic *sauzaz. Doublet of sere (“dry”).

sore (alternative)
sowre (alternative)
sawre (alternative)
soure (alternative)
sowyr (alternative)
soore (alternative)

sorrel (red-brown; used to describe animals)


hak

Probably derived from Old Norse [Term?], compare Old Icelandic hākr (“in personal names”).

(Late Middle English, hapax legomenon) unsparing; ruthless, rough


commodious

From Anglo-Norman commodious, Old French commodieux, from Medieval Latin commodiosus, based on Latin commodus.

commodose (alternative)
commodiouse (alternative)
comodious (alternative)
comodiouse (alternative)
comodiose (alternative)


plunket

English: blunket (obsolete)

Potentially from Old Northern French blanket; though this etymology is disputed; more at English blunket.

plonket (alternative)
plunkket (alternative)
ploncket (alternative)
plunkett (alternative)
blunket (alternative)
plaunket (alternative)
plonkeut (alternative)


siker

head

siker (plural and weak singular sikere, comparative sikerer, superlative sikerest)

sikere (plural)
sikere (singular weak)
sikerer (comparative)
sikerest (superlative)
cykyr (alternative)
secir (alternative)
seker (alternative)
sekir (alternative)
sekire (alternative)
sekor (alternative)
sekyr (alternative)
sicer (alternative)
sicker (alternative)
sicur (alternative)
sikir (alternative)
sikyr (alternative)
syker (alternative)
sykir (alternative)
sykyr (alternative)
ziker (alternative)

English: sicker (obsolete, dialectal)

Scots: sicker, siccar

→ Welsh: sicr

Inherited from Old English sicor, from Proto-West Germanic *sikur, from Latin sēcūrus. Doublet of sure.

safe, secure (not harmful or dangerous):

reliable, long-lasting, of good quality:

reliable, dependable, trustworthy, useful

actual, real, true not feigned or ephemeral


unwemmed

From un- + wemmed, past participle of wemman (“to blemish, spoil, wound”).

c. 1387, Geoffrey Chaucer, "The Man of Law's Tale", Canterbury Tales
Þe þeef fil over bord al sodeynly,
And in þe see he dreynte for vengeance;
And þus haþ Crist unwemmed kept Custance.


erne

But of her songe, it was so loude & erne / As any swalowe syttynge on a berne

1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Myllers Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC:

willing, eager, covetous, swift, nimble, earnest


beste

English: best

Scots: best

From Old English betst, betest, from Proto-West Germanic *batist, from Proto-Germanic *batistaz (adjective), *batist (adverb).

betst (alternative)
bettst (alternative)
bezst (alternative)
best (alternative)


blake

[1888] Whil heo weoren blake […] whil heo weoren ræde. [19890] Ænne stunde he wes blac […] while he wes reod.

1400, St. Alexius (Cott.), 236

1420, Anturs Arth. li: *: Thayre blees weren so blake. Alle blake was thayre blees.

The vynes blake awaie thowe take, eke greene And tender vynes kytte.

1530, Palsgr., 306: *: Blake, wan of colour.


frosty

English: frosty

Scots: frosty

From Old English forstiġ, from Proto-West Germanic *frostag, equivalent to frost + -y. Compare Old English fyrstiġ.

forsty (alternative)
frosti (alternative)

cold, freezing, frosty (being or experiencing cold)


bonde

From Old English bōnda, from Old Norse bóndi, from Proto-Germanic *būwandz.

bande (alternative)
bounde (alternative)
beonde (alternative)
bond (alternative)

The status of being subservient; subservience


sere

English: sear, sere, sare

From Old English sēar, from Proto-West Germanic *sauʀ(ī). Doublet of sor (“sorrel”).

seer (alternative)
seere (alternative)
seir (alternative)
ser (alternative)

(especially referring to plants) dry, withered, shrunken, brittle


sere

English: sere

Borrowed from Old Norse sér, dative of sik, from Proto-Germanic *siz, dative and instrumental of *sek, from Proto-Indo-European *swé (“self”).

schere (alternative)
seer (alternative)
seere (alternative)
seir (alternative)
ser (alternative)
seyr (alternative)
seyre (alternative)

Be-halde now, ser, and þou schalt see, / Sere kyngdomes and sere contre; / Alle þis wile I giffe to þe / for euer more, / And þou falle and honour me, / as I saide are.

1430–1440, “XXII. The Smythis. The Temptation of Jesus.”, in Lucy Toulmin Smith, editor, York Plays: The Plays Performed by the Crafts or Mysteries of York on the Day of Corpus Christi in the 14th, 15th, and 16th Centuries: […] (overall work in Middle English), Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, published 1885, →OCLC, page 183, lines 151–156:

Behold now, sir, and thou shalt see, / Different kingdoms and different country; / All this will I give to thee / forever more, / And thou fall and honour me, / As I said ere.


middel

middel (plural and weak singular middle, comparative middelre, superlative middelest)

middle (plural)
middle (singular weak)
middelre (comparative)
middelest (superlative)
medil (alternative)
midel (alternative)
midle (alternative)
myddil (alternative)
myddel (alternative)
myddyl (alternative)

English: middle

Scots: middil, midle

From Old English middel, from Proto-Germanic *midilą, a form of *midlą.

The intermediate, middle-ranking (of a group).

Half, halfway; in the midpoint of a group.


sauf

English: safe

Scots: safe, sauf

Borrowed from Old French sauf, from Latin salvus, from Proto-Indo-European *solh₂wós.

saaf (alternative)
saf (alternative)
safe (alternative)
saff (alternative)
saffe (alternative)
salfe (alternative)
salve (alternative)
save (alternative)
sauff (alternative)
sawe (alternative)
sawf (alternative)
sayfe (alternative)

Unharmed; safe from damage or ill effect:

Untarnished, undamaged, whole; well-kept.

Safe, protected; unable to be harmed or hurt

(religion) Undamned or saved; delivered from torment.

Undiminished, having full effect or force, legally effective.

Having concern for, with care or respectfulness towards.

(rare) Well-meaning, kind, having good intentions.


riotous

riotous (plural and weak singular riotouse)

riotouse (plural)
riotouse (singular weak)
ryetous (alternative)
reyetous (alternative)
riatous (alternative Late-Middle-English)
riottes (alternative Late-Middle-English)
ryoteux (alternative Late-Middle-English)
ryotous (alternative Late-Middle-English)
ryoutis (alternative Late-Middle-English)

English: riotous

Middle Scots: riotous

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman riotous; equivalent to rioten + -ous.


hely

(chiefly Northern) Alternative form of holy (sacred)


horned

English: horned

Scots: hornit, hornt

⇒ Yola: hoornta, hornta

hornyd (alternative)
orned (alternative)
hornd (alternative)

Possessing horns or a similar projection; horned or horn-bearing.

(rare) Having headwear and hair done with projections like horns.

(rare, of the moon) In its crescent phase; waxing or waning.

(rare) Hornen; crafted or manufactured from horn.


lordly

English: lordly

From Old English hlāfordlīċ; equivalent to lord + -ly (adjectival suffix). The adverb is from the adjective.

lordeliche (alternative)
lordely (alternative)
lordli (alternative)
lordlich (alternative)
lordliche (alternative)
lordlyche (alternative)
loverdlich (alternative)

lordly (related to or appropriate for a lord)


inwardly

From Old English inweardlīc; equivalent to inward + -ly.

inwerdlic (alternative)
inwardliche (alternative)
inweardlice (alternative)
inwardely (alternative)
inwardli (alternative)


muet

English: mute

Scots: mute

From Anglo-Norman muet; sometimes influenced by Latin mūtus.

mute (alternative)
mywet (alternative)
mewet (alternative)
mwet (alternative)
muyt (alternative)
muett (alternative)

Temporarily unable to speak (due to strong emotions or secrecy)

(rare) Mute; unable to speak or incapable of speech.

(rare) Silent; tending not to make noise.


fei

Alternative form of fey (“marked for death”)


uvel

(South West Midlands) Alternative form of yvel (“evil”)


swete

English: sweet

Scots: sweet, sweit, swet

Yola: sweet

suete (alternative)
sweete (alternative)
swote (alternative)
swoote (alternative)
swoot (alternative)
sote (alternative)
soot (alternative)

But first he cheweth greyn and lycorys / To smellen sweete, er he hadde kembd his heer.

a. 1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Knight's Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales, lines 3690–3691:

Though first he chews spices and licorice, / To smell sweet before he'd combed his hair.


sappy

English: sappy

From Old English sæpiġ; equivalent to sap + -y.

(rare) sappy (having lots of sap or sapwood)


grene

English: green (see there for further descendants)

Scots: green

Yola: green

From Old English grēne, from Proto-West Germanic *grōnī, from Proto-Germanic *grōniz.


naht

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of nought


sæd

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of sad


scathe

14th c. Geoffrey Chaucer, The Canterbury Tales. General Prologue: 445-6.
A good wif was ther of biside Bathe, / But she was somdel deef, and that was scathe.
There was a good woman from near Bath, / but she was somewhat deaf, and that was a pity.


stille

English: still

From Old English stille, from Proto-West Germanic *stillī.


yfel

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of yvel (“evil”)


furi

(South West Midlands, Southern) Alternative form of fyry


calme

English: calm

→ Irish: calma

Borrowed from Middle French calme, from Old Italian calma, of unclear further origin.


rathe

rathe (comparative rathere, superlative rathest)

rathere (comparative)
rathest (superlative)
rade (alternative)
rath (alternative)
raþ (alternative)
raþe (alternative)
rauth (alternative)
hraþe (alternative Early-Middle-English)
hraþa (alternative Early-Middle-English)
raðæ (alternative Early-Middle-English)
raðe (alternative Early-Middle-English)
ræðe (alternative Early-Middle-English)
ræðen (alternative Early-Middle-English)
reaðe (alternative Early-Middle-English)
reðe (alternative Early-Middle-English)

English: rathe, rath (obsolete)

Scots: rath

Yola: raaye

Inherited from Old English hræþe (“soon, quickly”), from Proto-West Germanic *hraþō, *hradō; compare rad (“quick”).


crabbed

English: crabbed

Scots: crabbit

crabbid (alternative)
crabbyd (alternative)
crabbede (alternative)


leuk

English: luke (dialectal)

From Old English *hlēoc. See modern lukewarm.

leuke (alternative)
luk (alternative)
luke (alternative)
louke (alternative)
lheuk (alternative)


athel

English: athel

From Old English æþele, æðele, eþele, from Proto-West Germanic *aþuli, from Proto-Germanic *aþalaz. Cognate with Old High German adal (German edel), Old Norse aðall.

athell (alternative)
atel (alternative)
atell (alternative)
athill (alternative)
athil (alternative)
aghil (alternative)
æðel (alternative)
æþel (alternative)
æthel (alternative)
eðel (alternative)
eþel (alternative)
ethel (alternative)


sunni

English: sunny

Full of or illuminated by sunlight; sunny.


originale

inflection of original:
strong/weak plural


Norn

Related or pertaining to Norway; Norwegian


knotted

English: knotted

Scots: knottit

The past participle of a rare verb knotten.

knottid (alternative)
knottyd (alternative)
iknotted (alternative)
icnottet (alternative)
cnottede (alternative)
cnotted (alternative)
icnotten (alternative)


cornered

English: cornered, corner (the verb is a back-formation)

Scots: cornert, corner (the verb is a back-formation)

cornerd (alternative)
cornerede (alternative)
cornerid (alternative)
corneryd (alternative)


grisly

Whan that Arcite to Thebes comen was / Full ofte a day he ſwelte and ſaid alas / For ſene his lady ſhall be neuer mo / And ſhortely to conclude, all his wo / So mikell ſoro we made neuer creature / That is or ſhalbe, while the world may dure / His ſlepe, his meate, his drinke is him byraft / That leane he waxeth, and drye as a ſhaft / His eyen holow, and griſly to beholde / His hewe pale, and ſalowe as aſhen colde / And ſolitary he was, and euer alone / And wailing all the night, making mone

1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Knyghtes Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC, “folio III, verso”:

grisly: horrifyingly repellentrepellent; gruesome, terrifying


amorously

English: amorously

Middle Scots: amorously


wlatsome

wlātsome (canonical)
wlātsom (alternative)
wlātsum (alternative)
waltsome (alternative)

From wlāte (“nausea, disgust, repugnance, loath”), from Old English wlǣtta (“loathing, nausea, eructation, heartburn”).

der

1380-90 Geoffrey Chaucer, The Canterbury Tales, The Nun’s Priest's Tale

loathsome, disgusting, hateful, abominable, repulsive, repugnant


amad

amadde (plural)
amadde (singular weak)
a-mad (alternative)
a mad (alternative)
amed (alternative)
a-med (alternative)
amead (alternative)

Formed as if a- + mad. However, this word is attested before mad (which largely displaces it in the later language), which might be an aphetic form of it; in this case, it would be a modification of Old English ġemǣd with a different prefix.

Mad, insane, deranged; not of sound mind.

Emotionally overwhelmed; consumed by mood or feelings.


boun

English: boun (obsolete); bound

Scots: boun

Borrowed from Old Norse búinn, past participle of búa (“to prepare”). Forms with /oː/ are from Old East Norse *bóinn.

bon (alternative)
bone (alternative)
boyn (alternative)
boune (alternative)
bownde (alternative)
bowne (alternative)
bownn (alternative)
bun (alternative)

Ready, prepared, organised:
Motivated, raring, eager.

Ready, prepared, organised:
Loyal, subservient, compliant.

To ϸis ϸai all aſſentyt ar / And bad ϸ[air] men all mak ϸai[m] ȝar / For to be boune agayne ϸ[at] day / On ϸe beſt wiß ϸ[at] eu[ir] ϸai may

c. 1375, “Book XI”, in Iohne Barbour, De geſtis bellis et uirtutibus domini Roberti de Brwyß […] (The Brus, Advocates MS. 19.2.2), Ouchtirmunſye: Iohannes Ramſay, published 1489, folio 37, verso, lines 69-73; republished at Edinburgh: National Library of Scotland, c. 2010:

To this they'd all assented, / and made their men make themselves ready / to be prepared again that day / in the best way that they're able to.


cunde

English: kind (adjective)


scars

English: scarce

Middle Scots: scarce, skarce

Scots: scarce

Borrowed from Old Northern French scars, escars, possibly from Late Latin *excarpsus; see scarce for more.

escarse (alternative)
scace (alternative)
scarce (alternative)
scarse (alternative)
schars (alternative)
skace (alternative)
skarce (alternative)
skars (alternative)
skarse (alternative)

Frugal, thrifty; selective with money or resources.


halle

Alternative form of hol (“healthy, whole”)


liquide

English: liquid

Borrowed from Old French liquide, from Latin liquidus.

liquyd (alternative)
liquid (alternative)
lequide (alternative)
lyquyd (alternative)
lyquyde (alternative)
liquyde (alternative)
liqwyde (alternative)
liqued (alternative)
lyquet (alternative)


prive

English: privy

From Old French privé (“private”), from Latin prīvātus (“deprived”).


roten

English: rotten

Scots: rotten

Borrowed from Old Norse rotinn (“rotten”).

bor+

roote (alternative)
rooten (alternative)
rote (alternative)
roton (alternative)
rottyn (alternative)
rotun (alternative)
rotyn (alternative)

Rotten or spoiled (usually of animal or plant matter):

(rare) Toxic, noxious (of gas or liquid)

(rare) Collapsing or decomposing into pieces; falling apart.

Noon helthe is in my fleiſch fro the face of thin ire; no pees is to my boonys fro the face of my ſynnes. / For my wickidneſſis ben goon ouer myn heed; as an heuy birthun, tho ben maad heuy on me. / Myn heelid woundis weren rotun, and ben brokun; fro the face of myn vnwiſdom.

a. 1382, John Wycliffe, “Psalms 37:4-6”, in Wycliffe's Bible:

No health is in my body due to the nature of your anger; no rest is in my bones due to my sinful behaviour. / For my wickedness has utterly enveloped me, like a heavy load that has weighed on me. / My healed wounds were festering, and have burst from the nature of my mistakes.

Gangrenous, infected (having necrosis or putrefaction)

(rare) Devastated; damaged beyond repair.


secunde

English: second

Scots: second

From Old French second, from Latin secundus.

second (alternative)
secound (alternative)
secund (alternative)
seconde (alternative)
secounde (alternative)
IIᵈᵉ (alternative)

⁊ þe firſte beeſte .· liyk a lioun / ⁊ þe ſecounde beeſte .· lijk a calf / ⁊ þe þꝛidde beeſte .· hauynge a face as of a man / ⁊ þe fourþe beeſte .· liyk an egle fleynge

c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Apocalips 4:7, page 118v, column 2; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:

And the first beast [was] like a lion; and the second beast [was] like a calf; and the third beast had a face like a human; and the fourth beast [was] like an eagle flying.

Second; following the first in an order or array.

Non-primary; less important, noticeable or large.


trine

English: trine

Borrowed from Middle French trin, from Latin trīnus.


violente

inflection of violent:
strong/weak plural


waxen

English: waxen


hende

English: hend

From Old English ġehende, from Proto-West Germanic *gahandī.

14th century: And if he were so hende and so wis / Þat she ne myȝt al abate his pris, / Yit wolde she blame his worþynesse / Or by hir wordis make it lesse.

Geoffrey Chaucer, The Romaunt of the Rose (OUP 1988, p. 689-90)


fundie

Old English ġefyndiġ (“capable”), equivalent of finden + -y.

And giue us swo findige speche þat þe fewe word þe we on ure bede seien be cuðe alle halegen.
And give us such apt speech that the few words that we say in our prayers be worthy to the All Holy.


roial

Late 14th century: This Cambyuskan, of which I have yow toold, / In roial vestiment sit on his deys

Geoffrey Chaucer, ‘The Squire's Tale’, Canterbury Tales


dere

English: dear

Scots: dere, deir

Yola: dear

From Old English dīere, from Proto-West Germanic *diurī, from Proto-Germanic *diurijaz.


tume

(Northern) Alternative form of tome (“empty”)


rewe

From the oblique forms of Old English hrēow, from Proto-West Germanic *hreuwu.

rew (alternative)
riwe (alternative)
rywe (alternative)


dewy

English: dewy

From Old English dēawiġ, from Old English dēaw. Equivalent to dew + -y.


no

English: no

Yola: na, nae, no

Inherited from Old English nā, nō (“adj”).


heritable

English: heritable

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman heritable; equivalent to heriten + -able.

(Late Middle English, rare) inheritable, hereditary (able to be inherited).


savable

English: savable

Borrowed from Middle French sauvable, from Old French salvable, sauvable, from Medieval Latin salvābilis; equivalent to saven + -able.

salvable (alternative)
sauvable (alternative)

(theology) Able to be delivered from perdition.

(medicine) Able to be cured; remediable.


ethe

English: eath

Scots: eith

Yola: eeth, eeefe, eêth, eafe

From Old English īeþe, ȳþe, ēþe, ēaþe, from Proto-West Germanic *auþī, modification of Proto-Germanic *auþuz.

æþ (alternative)
eithe (alternative)
ith (alternative)


bref

breve (plural)
breve (singular weak)
breef (alternative)
breve (alternative)
brefe (alternative)
breefe (alternative)

English: brief

Fingallian: brief

Scots: brief

Borrowed from Old French brief, and its feminine form brieve, from Latin brevis, from Proto-Italic *breɣʷis, from Proto-Indo-European *mréǵʰus. Doublet of mery.


rade

inflection of rad (“quick”):
weak singular

inflection of rad (“quick”):
strong/weak plural


behovely

bihovely (alternative)
byhovely (alternative)
behoveliche (alternative)
behoveli (alternative)
bihoveli (alternative)
be-hovely (alternative)
byhofely (alternative)
beheflic (alternative)
bihulik (alternative)

Of use for the benefit or gain of somebody or something; beneficial, profitable.

Fitting or appropriate to a given context.


sorelle

Alternative form of sorel (“sorrel (colour)”)


materiale

inflection of material:
strong/weak plural


manful

English: manful

Scots: manfull (obsolete)

man-ful (alternative)
monful (alternative)
manffull (alternative)
manfull (alternative)

Noble, brave, strong, daring, determined; displaying virtues seen as manly.


esterne

English: eastern

Scots: estrene, eistrene, eastren

From Old English ēasterne, from Proto-Germanic *austrōnijaz. Equivalent to est + -erne.

esturne (alternative)
estern (alternative)
estrin (alternative)
eestreen (alternative)
æsterne (alternative)
estren (alternative)
estryn (alternative)


differente

inflection of different:
strong/weak plural


sixte

English: sixth

Scots: saxt, sext, sixt

From Old English sixta, from Proto-West Germanic *sehstō, from Proto-Germanic *sehstô.
Equivalent to six + -the (ordinal suffix), which some forms are remodeled on; though this is rare in Middle English, unlike than in fifte. Forms with -st- are from the Old English variant sesta.

seste (alternative)
sext (alternative)
sexte (alternative)
sexþe (alternative)
sixt (alternative)
sixþe (alternative)
syxt (alternative)
syxte (alternative)
zixte (alternative)


streight

English: straight

Scots: straucht, straicht

Past participle of strecchen. Corresponds to Old English ġestreaht, ġestreht, past participle of streċċan, streccan.

streght (alternative)
streȝt (alternative)
streiȝt (alternative)
streiht (alternative)


laste

English: last

Yola: lash

Probably from adv or Old English læt, lætemest.

leste (alternative)
lasten (alternative)
latste (alternative Early-Middle-English)
latzste (alternative Early-Middle-English)
leaste (alternative Early-Middle-English)


longe

(Late Middle English) Alternative form of long


snart

Borrowed from Old Norse snart, neuter of snarr (“quick, swift, sharp”).


murrey

English: murrey

From Middle French moré, from Latin moratum.

morre (alternative)
morrey (alternative)
morry (alternative)
murreiȝ (alternative)
murray (alternative)
murre (alternative)
murreye (alternative)
murry (alternative)


blo

English: blow

Scots: blae, blaw, bla, blea, ble

From Old Norse blá, from Proto-Germanic *blēwaz.

bla (alternative)
bloo (alternative)
bloe (alternative)


digne

English: digne

Borrowed from Old French digne, from Latin dignus.

deyne (alternative)
dine (alternative)
ding (alternative)
dingne (alternative)
dygne (alternative)
dynge (alternative)
dyngne (alternative)


fus

Of vr saul to be ai fus Again þe com, þat es sa crus. — Cursor Mundi, 1400


assise

From Old French assises, from Latin assideō. Compare syse.

assys (alternative)
assyse (alternative)
assyce (alternative)
assis (alternative)
assisse (alternative)
asyse (alternative)
a-sise (alternative)
asyce (alternative)
ascyse (alternative)
asysse (alternative)
a-cyse (alternative)
acyse (alternative)


blameable

English: blamable, blameable


parfit

Old French parfait, past participle of parfaire (“to perfect”).


fous

Inherited from Old English fūs (“ready, eager”), from Proto-West Germanic *funs, from Proto-Germanic *funsaz.

inh+

fus (alternative)
fuus (alternative)
vous (alternative)
wous (alternative)

Þei were also fous to fiȝt. — Otuel

Heo ne mihte wel reste in hous, heo was so walkynge and so fous; To pley and rage þhouȝte hire swete. — Northern Homily Cycle: Narrationes, 1390


imperiale

inflection of imperial:
strong/weak plural


ferny

English: ferny

Yola: vearnee, fearnee


comon

(Late Middle English) Alternative form of comun


terrestre

Heer may ye se, and heer-by may ye preve,
That wyf is mannes help and his confort,

late 14th century, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Merchant's Tale, The Canterbury Tales, line 1330-1332

Here can you see, and hereby can you prove,
That wife is man's help and his comfort,
His earthly paradise, and his source of consolation.


eterne

English: eterne, etern (obsolete)

Scots: eterne, etern (obsolete)

Borrowed from Old French eterne, from Latin aeternus, contraction of aeviternus.

Eternal, permanent; having existed (and existing) forever.


gilden

i

by way of Middle English <i class="Latn mention" lang="enm">golden</i>

English: gilden; golden (by way of Middle English golden)

Scots: gilten (obsolete); gowden (by way of Middle English golden)

gylden (alternative)
gildene (alternative)
gyldene (alternative)
gulden (alternative)
guldene (alternative)
guylden (alternative)
guyldene (alternative)
guildene (alternative)

(figurative) Glorious, worthy of honour; blessed, happy.


festlich

English: feastly

late 14th century, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Squire's Tale, The Canterbury Tales, line 280-281

And been a festlich man as fresh as May, [...]
He must have known love and its service,
And be a convivial man as gay as May, …

He moste han knowen love and his servyse,


misti

Alternative form of mysty (“figurative”)


hundredfold

English: hundredfold

hundredfald (alternative)
hundyrdfold (alternative)
hondrethfolde (alternative)
hundredfeld (alternative)
hundreþfold (alternative)
hundret fald (alternative)
hundrefold (alternative)
hundrid fold (alternative)
hundred fold (alternative)
hundred folde (alternative)
hundredfolde (alternative)
hundreth-fald (alternative)


maligne

English: malign

Scots: maling (obsolete)

Borrowed from Old French maligne, from Latin malignus.

malign (alternative)
malygne (alternative)


mure

From Old French meur, from Latin mātūrus. Doublet of mature.

meur (alternative)
mewre (alternative)
moyre (alternative)


stenen

Inherited from Old English stǣnen, from Proto-West Germanic *stainīn, from Proto-Germanic *stainīnaz. Equivalent to ston + -en (made of); compare stonen.

stænen (alternative)
stænene (alternative)
stenene (alternative)


egal

English: egal (obsolete)

From Old French egal, igal, from Latin aequālis. Doublet of equal.

egall (alternative)
egalle (alternative)

proportionate; sufficient, adequate, fit, fitting


erden

From erd, from conflation between erthe (“earth”) and Old English eard (“homeland, dwelling”). See also erþen.


pacient

English: patient

Borrowed from Middle French patient, from Old French pacient, from Latin patiens, present participle of patior (“to suffer, endure”), from Proto-Indo-European *peh₁- (“to hate, hurt”).

der

paciente (alternative)
pacyent (alternative)
patient (alternative)

Able or willing to bear pain or suffering.


lef

From Old English lēof, līof, from Proto-West Germanic *leub, from Proto-Germanic *leubaz.

leve (alternative)
lefe (alternative)
leffe (alternative)
life (alternative)
live (alternative)
luf (alternative Southern West-Midlands)

c. 1368, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Book of the Duchess, as recorded c. 1440–1450 in Bodleian Library MS. Fairfax 16, folio 130r


mannish

14th century, Geoffrey Chaucer, Canterbury Tales, The Tale of Melibee,
The proverbe seith: that “for to do sinne is mannish, but certes for to persevere longe in sinne is werk of the devel.”

Resembling or characteristic of a human being, in form or nature; human.

c. 1380s, Geoffrey Chaucer, Troilus and Criseyde, Book I, lines 281-284,
She nas nat with the leste of hir stature,
But alle hir limes so wel answeringe
Weren to womanhode, that creature
Was neuer lasse mannish in seminge.

(of a woman) Resembling or characteristic of a man, masculine.


unlovely

English: unlovely

onlovely (alternative)
unlovelich (alternative)


derk

head

derk (plural and weak singular derke, comparative derker, superlative derkest)

derke (plural)
derke (singular weak)
derker (comparative)
derkest (superlative)
dearc (alternative)
dork (alternative)
durk (alternative)

English: dark

Scots: derk

Yola: dhourk, durk

From Old English deorc, from Proto-West Germanic *derk; compare therk.


halie

(chiefly Early Middle English) Alternative form of holy (sacred)


rosen

rosene (plural)
rosene (singular weak)
rosyn (alternative)
rosyne (alternative)

English: rosen

From Old English rōsen and Old French rosin; equivalent to rose + -en (“made of”).


officiale

inflection of official:
strong/weak plural


shamefast

English: shamefast

⇒ English: shamefaced

Scots: schamefast, schamfast

Yola: shaamfasth, shaamfast

From Old English sċamfæst, equivalent to shame + fast.

shamfast (alternative)
ssamvest (alternative)
shomefaste (alternative)
sceomefest (alternative)
shomevaste (alternative)

modest, humble, virtuous, bashful, shy, timid


historial

historial (plural and weak singular historiale)

historiale (plural)
historiale (singular weak)
historiall (alternative)

English: historial (obsolete)

Borrowed from Middle French historial, from Latin historiālis; equivalent to historie + -al.

[...] So was his name, (for this is no fable,

late 14th century, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Physician's Tale, The Canterbury Tales, line 155-157

The sentence of it sooth is, out of doute), [...]
… Such was his name, (for this is no fable,
But known for a noteworthy historical fact,
The substance of it is true, beyond doubt), …

(rare) Related to history or historical events.


blak

blak (plural and weak singular blake, comparative blakker, superlative blakkest)

blake (plural)
blake (singular weak)
blakker (comparative)
blakkest (superlative)
blake (alternative)
blakke (alternative)
black (alternative)
blac (alternative)

English: black (see there for further descendants)

Scots: black

Yola: bhlock, blaak

desctree

→ Danish: blæk
→ Faroese: blekk
→ Norwegian Bokmål: blekk
→ Norwegian Nynorsk: blekk
→ Greenlandic: pilikki

From Old English blæc, from Proto-Germanic *blakaz.


blak

blake (alternative)
blakke (alternative)
black (alternative)
blac (alternative)

Alternative form of blake (“pale, yellowish”)


benigne

English: benign

Scots: bening (obsolete)

Borrowed from Old French benigne, from Latin benignus; compare maligne.

beningne (alternative)
benygne (alternative)
benyng (alternative)
benynge (alternative)
benyngne (alternative)

his pariſſhens / deuoutly wolde he teche / Benygne he was / and wonder diligent / And in aduerſitee / ful pacient[…]

1387–1400, [Geoffrey] Chaucer, “Here Bygynneth the Book of the Tales of Caunt́burẏ”, in The Tales of Caunt́bury (Hengwrt Chaucer; Peniarth Manuscript 392D), Aberystwyth, Ceredigion: National Library of Wales, published [c. 1400–1410], →OCLC, folio 8, recto, lines 482-484:

He would devoutly teach his parishioners; / he was gentle, truly diligent, / and so patient in adversity […]


blasfeme

From Old French blasfeme, a semi-learned form from Latin blasphēmus.

blaspheme (alternative)
blasphemye (alternative)


fals

English: false

Scots: fause

Yola: fause, faulse, valse

desc

→ Irish: falsa, falsach, fallsa (superseded)

From Old English fals, borrowed from Latin falsus (“false”), and partly from Old French fals.

fauls (alternative)
vals (alternative)
faus (alternative)
fauce (alternative)


leste

14ᵗʰ Century, Chaucer, The Canterbury Tales, The Knight's Tale
The brighte swerdes wenten to and fro
So hidously þat with þe leste strook
That it semeþ þat it wolde felle an ook


souple

→ English: supple

Old French souple and Anglo-Norman souple, from Latin supplex

14ᵗʰ Century, Chaucer, General Prologue
His bootes souple, his hors in greet estaat.
His boots flexible, his horse in a fine condition


heli

(chiefly Northern) Alternative form of holy (sacred)


vertuous

head

vertuous (plural and weak singular vertuouse)

vertuouse (plural)
vertuouse (singular weak)
vertews (alternative)
vertuows (alternative)
wertuus (alternative)
vertuose (alternative)
vertuus (alternative)
virtuous (alternative)
vertewes (alternative)
vertiuus (alternative)
vertuuous (alternative)
vertevous (alternative)
vertyuous (alternative)

q

obsolete <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">vertuous</i>

English: virtuous (obsolete vertuous)

Scots: virtuous

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman vertuous, vertous, from Latin virtuōsus; equivalent to vertu + -ous.

Virtuous; morally correct, righteous or good:

Just, fair, unbiased; having no prejudice or hypocrisy.

Brave, fearless; displaying courageousness or mettle.

[…]and so bifore alle othir men I chees wilfulli to be enformed bi hem and of hem, and speciali of Wiclef himsilf, as of the moost vertuous and goodlich wise man that I herde of owhere either knew.

1407, The Testimony of William Thorpe, pages 40–41:

[…] so, instead of other people, I willfully choose to be informed by them and of them, especially Wycliffe himself, as the most virtuous and kindly learned person that I've heard of anywhere or knew.

Designed to teach or instill moral values; causing or producing virtue.

Amazing, wonderful, brilliant; extremely good.

Effective, useful; having benefits or virtues.

Useful against occult or malign forces; warding against sorcery.

Powerful, strong; having mightiness or potency (especially used of deities).

(rare) Wise, learned; having expert knowledge or ability.

(rare) Wealthy, rich, bounteous; overflowing with wealth.

(rare) Causing change or transformation; transformative.

(rare) Intense, rich, vigourous, active.

(rare, of writing) Exciting, entertaining.


hungrig

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of hungry


lere

English: leer

Yola: lear

From Old English *lǣre, from Proto-West Germanic *lāʀi, *lāʀī, from Proto-Germanic *lēziz, *lēzijaz. Cognate with Dutch laar, German leer.


defte

English: daft, deft

Scots: daft, dauft

From Old English dæfte, from Proto-West Germanic *daftī (“fitting, suitable”).

inh

dafte (alternative)
daft (alternative)
deffte (alternative)


tenebrose

English: tenebrous

From Anglo-Norman tenebrous, from Latin tenebrōsus.


wys

head

wys (plural and weak singular wyse, comparative wiser, superlative wiseste)

wyse (plural)
wyse (singular weak)
wiser (comparative)
wiseste (superlative)
wyse (alternative)
wis (alternative)

English: wise

Scots: wis, wise

From Old English wīs, from Proto-Germanic *wīsaz.


yonge

14th c. Geoffrey Chaucer, The Canterbury Tales. General Prologue: 5-6.
The tendre croppes, and the yonge sonne
Hath in the Ram his halfe cours yronne,


talewise

tale-wijs (alternative)
talewijs (alternative)
talewis (alternative)
talewyȝs (alternative)
talewys (alternative)
talewyse (alternative)
talle wys (alternative)
(error) talows (alternative)
talwis (alternative)

For she is tikil of hire taile · talwis of tonge / As comune as a cartwey · to eche a knaue þat walketh.

c. 1385, William Langland, Piers Plowman, section III:

given to gossip or telling tales; talkative, garrulous


gaine

Alternative form of gayn (“direct, fast, good, helpful”)


noht

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of nought


sorel

English: sorel, sorrel

From Old French sorel; equivalent to sor (“sorrel”) + -el (diminutive suffix).

af

sorell (alternative)
sorelle (alternative)
sowrel (alternative)


yelow

English: yellow

Scots: yella, yelly, yallow

Yola: yullou, yellou

From Old English ġeolu, from Proto-Germanic *gelwaz, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃wós.

yelewe (alternative)
ȝelowe (alternative)
ȝelew (alternative)
ȝelow (alternative)
yelwe (alternative)
ȝelwe (alternative)
ȝalow (alternative)


gay

English: gay

Yola: gaaye, gaay, gai, gay

(Line 221) To bringe me gaye thinges fro the fayre.
(please add an English translation of this quotation)
(Line 236) Why is my neighebores wyf so gay?
(please add an English translation of this quotation)
(Line 298) That I was born, and make me fresh and gay,
(please add an English translation of this quotation)
(Line 508) But in oure bed he was so fressh and gay
(please add an English translation of this quotation)

1405 Geoffrey Chaucer, The Wife of Bath's Tale, The Canterbury Tales (source)

(Line 545) For ever yet I lovede to be gay,
(please add an English translation of this quotation)


wyse

…of moost holi lyuynge, and best taught and moost wyse of heuenly wysdom…

1407, The Testimony of William Thorpe, page 37:


newe

English: new

Scots: new

From Old English nīewe, from Proto-West Germanic *niwi, from Proto-Germanic *niwjaz, from Proto-Indo-European *néwyos. More at new.

new (alternative)
neue (alternative)
nywe (alternative)
neowe (alternative Early-Middle-English West-Midlands)


gayn

head

gayn (comparative geyner, superlative gaynest)

geyner (comparative)
gaynest (superlative)
geyn (alternative)
gein (alternative)
gain (alternative)
gayne (alternative)
gaine (alternative)

English: gain (obsolete, dialectal)

Scots: gain

From Old Norse gegn; derived from Proto-Germanic *gagin. Doublet of gain.

gracious, helpful, unfailing, useful, good


erke

English: erke

c. 1370s. Unknown, The Romaunt of the Rose. 4865-8.
Therfore set Kinde therin delyt,
For men therin shulde hem deltye,
And of that dede be not erke,
But ofte sythes haunt that werke.

(please add an English translation of this quotation)


fat

English: fat

Yola: vat

From Old English fǣtt, from Proto-West Germanic *faitid.

faat (alternative)
fet (alternative)
feet (alternative)
vat (alternative)
vet (alternative)


creat

English: create (obsolete)

From Latin creātus, the past participle of creō.

Granted or bestowed a title or an office.


deadlic

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of dedly


treen

From Old English trīwen; equivalent to tre + -en (“made of”).

treene (alternative)
treyn (alternative)
tryen (alternative)
tren (alternative)
trene (alternative)
trenne (alternative)
treowene (alternative)


vertuuus

... / Ennurned vpon veluet vertuuus ſtoneʒ / ...

Late 14th century, the Gawain Poet, Sir Gawayn and þe Grene Knyȝt

Alternative spelling of vertuus or vertuous (possibly a misspelling)


swær

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of swere


kene

English: keen

Scots: keen

Yola: keen, keéne

From Old English cēne (“keen, fierce, bold, brave, warlike, powerful; learned, clever, wise”), from Proto-Germanic *kōniz (“knowledgeable, skilful, experienced, clever, capable”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃- (“to know”).

inh

c. 1370–1390, William Langland, Piers Plowman; published as “Passus XVII”, in Walter W[illiam] Skeat, editor, The Vision of William Concerning Piers the Plowman, together with the Vita de Dowel, Dobet, et Dobest, Secundum Wit et Resoun, by William Langland (about 1362–1393 A.D.): Edited from Numerous Manuscripts, with Prefaces, Notes, and a Glossary, … In Four Parts, part III (Langland’s Vision of Piers the Plowman, the Whitaker Text, or Text C; Richard the Bedeles; The Crowned King), London: Published for the Early English Text Society, by N[icholas] Trübner & Co., 57 & 59, Ludgate Hill, 1873, →OCLC, page 285, lines 82–85:
For men knoweþ þat couetise · is of ful kene wil, / And haþ hondes and armes · of a long lengthe, / And pourte is a pety þyng · apereþ nat to hus nauele; / A loueliche laik was hit neuere · by-twyne a long and a short.
For men know well that Covetousness has a keen will / And a very long reach of hands and arms / And Poverty's just a tiny thing, doesn't even reach his navel, / And a good bout was never between tall and short.

c. 1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Knightes Tale” from The Canterbury Tales; published in A Complete Edition of the Poets of Great Britain, volume I (Containing Chaucer, Surrey, Wyatt & Sackville), London: Printed for Iohn & Arthur Arch, 23, Gracechurch Street; Edinburgh: Bell & Bradfute & I. Mundell & Co., [1795], →OCLC, page 17, column 2:
Before hire ſtood hire ſone Cupido,
Upon his ſhoulders winges he had two,
And blind he was, as is often ſene;
A bow he bare and arwes bright and kene.
Before her stood her son Cupid
Upon his shoulders, he had two wings
And he was blind, as is often seen
He bore a bow, and arrows bright and keen.


comparatif

English: comparative

Borrowed from Old French comparatif, from Latin comparātīvus.

comparatijf (alternative)
comparatyf (alternative)
comparatyfe (alternative)

(grammar, rare) Of the comparative degree.


pety

English: petty

From Middle French petit, from Old French petit, from Vulgar Latin pittitus, of disputed origin.

petie (alternative)
petti (alternative)
peti (alternative)
pete (alternative)

(Late Middle English) diminutive, tiny, little

(Late Middle English) petty, insignificant, unimportant


childly

English: childly

From Old English ċildlīċ; equivalent to child + -ly.

childli (alternative)
childlich (alternative)
childely (alternative)
chyldly (alternative)
childeli (alternative)
childlyche (alternative)

for to loke upon his cheke
And seen his childly maner eke

c. 1386–1390, John Gower, edited by Reinhold Pauli, Confessio Amantis of John Gower: Edited and Collated with the Best Manuscripts, volume (please specify |volume=I, II, or III), London: Bell and Daldy […], published 1857, →OCLC:

pertaining to a child; childly; childlike


iren

English: iron

→ Marshallese: aen

Scots: airn, ern, irne

Yola: eeren

From Old English īsern, from Proto-West Germanic *īsarn, from Proto-Germanic *īsarną, from Proto-Celtic *īsarnom.

eren (alternative)
irne (alternative)
iron (alternative)
isen (alternative)


sempiterne

late 14ᵗʰ C., John Gower, Confessio Amantis


etik

From Late Latin ēthicus, from Ancient Greek ἠθῐκός (ēthĭkós).


holle

Alternative form of hol (“healthy, whole”)


untressed

Hir heris han they kembd, that lay untressed

13??, Geoffrey Chaucer, The Canterbury Tales


birchen

English: birchen, birken

From birche (from Old English birce) + -en.


therf

therve (plural)
therve (singular weak)
tharf (alternative)
tharfe (alternative)
therfe (alternative)
þarf (alternative)
þerf (alternative)
þerfe (alternative)
þeorrf (alternative Ormulum)

English: tharf (obsolete)

Scots: tharf, therf

From Old English þeorf, from Proto-West Germanic *þerb, from Proto-Germanic *þerbaz; akin to Old High German derb, Old Norse þjarfr.

Forsothe whanne thou offrist a sacrifice bakun in an ouene of whete flour, that is, loouys without sour dow, spreynd with oile, and therf breed sodun in watir, bawmed with oile; […]

1382–1395, John Wycliffe et al. (translators), Leviticus 2:4


bolde

English: bold, bawd

Scots: bald, bauld, baul, bawl, beld

bold (alternative)
boold (alternative)
bald (alternative)
beald (alternative)

14ᵗʰ Century, Chaucer, General Prologue
Boold was hir face, and fair, and reed of hewe.
Bold was her face, and fair, and red of hue.


wankel

From Old English wancol, from Proto-West Germanic *wankul.

Ðe mereman ... wuneð in wankel stede ðer ðe water sinkeð. — Bestiary, 1300

unstable, mutable, tottering, unconstant


teer

English: tear, tare (“good flax”) (obsolete)

Borrowed from Middle Dutch têer, alternative form of têder, têeder (whence modern Dutch teder), from Old Dutch *tidar, from Proto-Germanic *tidaraz.

teere (alternative)
ter (alternative)
tere (alternative)


glasen

head

glasen (plural and weak singular glasene)

glasene (plural)
glasene (singular weak)
glason (alternative)
glassen (alternative)
glasun (alternative)
glasyn (alternative)
glæsen (alternative)
glesen (alternative)

English: glazen, glassen

Scots: glasin, glaisin, glassin

From Old English glæsen, from Proto-West Germanic *glasīn. Equivalent to glas + -en (“made of”).


canevas

English: canvas

Scots: canvas

From Old Northern French canevas, from Vulgar Latin *cannabāceus.

cambace (alternative)
canefas (alternative)
canevase (alternative)
canvas (alternative)
canvase (alternative)
canvasse (alternative)
canwas (alternative)
caunvas (alternative)
kanvas (alternative)

The colour of canvas; light brownish-yellow


tusky

English: tusky


coupable

English: culpable

From Old French culpable, from Latin culpābilis (“blameworthy”), from culpō (“to blame, condemn”), from culpa (“fault, crime, mistake”).


fifte

English: fifth

Scots: fift, fyft

From Old English fīfta, from Proto-West Germanic *fimftō, from Proto-Germanic *fimftô. Equivalent to five + -the (ordinal suffix), which some forms are remodeled on.

fift (alternative)
fifthe (alternative)
fyfte (alternative)
fiffte (alternative)
fyfþe (alternative)
fijfte (alternative)
vifte (alternative)
fyvethe (alternative)


oken

English: oaken

Scots: aiken

From Old English ǣcen, from Proto-West Germanic *aikīn, from Proto-Germanic *aikīnaz. Equivalent to and influenced by ook + -en (“made of”).

okene (alternative)
okyn (alternative)
aken (alternative)
eken (alternative)


vulgare

English: vulgar

Borrowed from Old French vulgaire, or from Latin vulgāris.

vulgar (alternative)
wlgare (alternative)


smale

And smale foweles maken melodye,

Geoffrey Chaucer, Canterbury Tales, General Prologue, ll. 9–10

And small birds make melody,That sleep all the night with open eye.


yester

gister (alternative)
ȝerstene (alternative)
ȝester (alternative)
ȝestern (alternative)
ȝister (alternative)
ȝursten (alternative)
ȝuster (alternative)
yestyr (alternative)
yhister (alternative)
yister (alternative)
yistre (alternative)

yester morow
yester morow#Middle_English

Only used in yesterday, yester morow, yesternyght, yistreven


odde

oddist (superlative)
od (alternative)
odd (alternative)
ode (alternative)

English: odd

Scots: odd, od, ode

Borrowed from Old Norse oddi, from oddr; compare ord.

additional, remaining (usually after being split equally)


saphir

English: sapphire

Borrowed from Old French saphir, saffre, from Latin sapphir, sappir, sapphīrus, from Ancient Greek σάπφειρος (sáppheiros).

safeer (alternative)
safere (alternative)
saffer (alternative)
saffir (alternative)
saffre (alternative)
saffyre (alternative)
safier (alternative)
safir (alternative)
safre (alternative)
sapher (alternative)
saphier (alternative)
saphijr (alternative)
saphire (alternative)
saphyre (alternative)


schort

English: short

Scots: short, schort

From Old English sċort, from Proto-West Germanic *skurt, from Proto-Germanic *skurtaz. Akin to Middle High German schurz.

schorte (alternative)
short (alternative)
shorte (alternative)

short (as opposed to being tall or long)


towardly

Willing to act in a way favourable to others; obliging.


welig

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of wely


fole

Scots: fule, fuil

Borrowed from Old French fol, from Latin follis.

foul (alternative)
fol (alternative)
fool (alternative)
fule (alternative)
ffuyll (alternative)
foole (alternative)
ffoole (alternative)


povre

povre (plural and weak singular povre, comparative povrer, superlative povreste)

povre (plural)
povre (singular weak)
povrer (comparative)
povreste (superlative)
povere (alternative)
poevre (alternative)
pore (alternative)
poere (alternative)
pouer (alternative)
poor (alternative)

English: poor

Scots: puir

Yola: boor

From Old French povre, from Latin pauper.

Afflicted by need and want; affected by poverty


noteful

English: noteful

notefull (alternative)
notful (alternative)
notfull (alternative)
nofull (alternative)


fers

ferse (plural)
ferse (singular weak)
feers (alternative)
ferce (alternative)
ferse (alternative)
fiers (alternative)
fierse (alternative)
firs (alternative)
frese (alternative)
fuerse (alternative)
fyers (alternative)
fyerse (alternative)

English: fierce

Yola: fearse

Borrowed from Old French fers, fiers, nominative of fer, fier, from Latin ferus.


rakel

Related to modern English rake (“a debauchee”).

Geoffrey Chaucer, Troilus and Criseyde.
For every wight that has a house to found,
He renneth mat the work for to beginne
With rakel honde.


fenny

fennye (plural)
fennye (singular weak)
fenni (alternative)

English: fenny

Yola: venie

From Old English fenniġ; equivalent to fen + -y.


stoor

O stronge lady stoor, what doest thou?

1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “(please specify the story)”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC:


foreward

From Old English foreward (“forward”), equivalent to fore + -warde.


fele

English: fele (obsolete)

Middle Scots: fele (poetic)

Inherited from Old English fela, felu, from Proto-West Germanic *felu, from Proto-Germanic *felu.

fale (alternative)
feel (alternative)
fel (alternative)
feole (alternative)
vele (alternative)
feala (alternative Early-Middle-English)
fela (alternative Early-Middle-English)
felæ (alternative Early-Middle-English)
feola (alternative Early-Middle-English)
veole (alternative Early-Middle-English)


fele

English: feal

Scots: feal, feel, feil

Inherited from Old English fǣle, from Proto-West Germanic *failī, from Proto-Germanic *failijaz.

feele (alternative)
fell (alternative)
felle (alternative)
feale (alternative Early-Middle-English)


weste

From Old English wēste, from Proto-West Germanic *wōstī, from Proto-Germanic *wōstuz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁weh₂- (“to desert”). Doublet of weste (“deserted”).

der

west (alternative)
wesste (alternative Ormulum)

(chiefly Early Middle English) uncultivated, deserted, desolate


egre

English: eager

Scots: laager, laeger

Yola: aagar

From Old French egre, aigre, from Late Latin ācrus, from Latin ācer.

eger (alternative)
egyr (alternative)
egir (alternative)
egur (alternative)
egor (alternative)
egree (alternative)

And ſklendꝛe wyves fieble as in bataille / Beth egꝛe as is a tygꝛe yond in Ynde / Ay clappeth as a mille I yow conſaille

c. 1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Clerk's Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales, lines 1198–1200:

And slender wives, powerless in battle: / Be as ruthless as a tiger over in India, / and always chatter like a mill, I advise you!


captif

English: captive

Probably from Middle French; definitely then from Latin captīvus. Doublet of caitif.

captyf (alternative)
captyfe (alternative)
captive (alternative)


orthodoxe

English: orthodox

Borrowed from Middle French orthodoxe and Late Latin orthodoxus, from Ancient Greek ὀρθόδοξος (orthódoxos).

(rare, Late Middle English) orthodox (conforming to true and received religious doctrine)


forfoughten

Now what is best to doo sayd kyng Lot of Orkeney whether is me better to treate with kynge Arthur or to fyghte / for the gretter party of oure peple are slayne / and destroyed / Syr said a knyght set on arthur for they are wery and forfoughten and we be fresshe

1485, Sir Thomas Malory, chapter X, in Le Morte Darthur, book II:

Now what is best to do? said King Lot of Orkney; whether is me better to treat with King Arthur or to fight, for the greater part of our people are slain and destroyed? Sir, said a knight, set on Arthur for they are weary and forfoughten and we be fresh.


smert

head

smert (plural and weak singular smerte, comparative smerter, superlative smertest)

smerte (plural)
smerte (singular weak)
smerter (comparative)
smertest (superlative)
smart (alternative)
smarte (alternative)
smært (alternative)
smeart (alternative)
smerte (alternative)

English: smart (see there for further descendants)

Scots: smert

Inherited from Old English smeart, from Proto-West Germanic *smart, from Proto-Germanic *smartaz. Forms in -e- reflect the usual development of OE -ea- in some dialects, but are probably largely due to the influence of smerten.

damaging, violent, powerful, intense, raging

(Late Middle English) quick, speedy, alert


hene

English: hean

From Old English hēan, from Proto-Germanic *hauniz.

hean (alternative)
heanne (alternative)
hæne (alternative)
hehne (alternative)


myssease

English: misease

From Old French mesaise, from mes- (“mis-”) + aise (“ease”). Equivalent to mys- + ease, ese.

meoseise (alternative)
meseise (alternative)
miseise (alternative)
mesayse (alternative)
myseise (alternative)
mysese (alternative)
myseyse (alternative)
misese (alternative)
myses (alternative)
mysease (alternative)
myssaes (alternative)
mesaise (alternative)
messais (alternative)
mezayse (alternative)
mezeyse (alternative)
misais (alternative)
meseyse (alternative)
meseys (alternative)
miseyse (alternative)
myseese (alternative)
meseysey (alternative)
misseise (alternative)
mysaye (alternative)
myssayse (alternative)
missays (alternative)
meseis (alternative)
misaise (alternative)
myssese (alternative)


fleme

Inherited from Old English flīema (“fugitive, exile, outlaw”), from flīeman (“to escape”). Compare flem.

inh+

fleem (alternative)
flæme (alternative Early-Middle-English)
flemæ (alternative Early-Middle-English)


cheve

From chef + -e (adjective inflected form suffix).


opake

head

opake (comparative opaker, superlative opakest)

opaker (comparative)
opakest (superlative)

From Latin opacus (“shaded, shady, dark”) (of unknown origin), later reinforced from Middle French opaque.

c 1440, Palladius
Summe haue hem grene ypuld, and stoon & all They honge hem vp in place opake and drie.


selden

English: seldom (archaic as an adjective)

From Old English selden, from Proto-Germanic *seldanaz.

seldyn (alternative)
seelden (alternative)
seldom (alternative)
sielden (alternative)
seeldyn (alternative)
seldone (alternative)


diȝel

From Old English dygol, digol. Compare Icelandic dylja, Swedish dölja.


comun

English: common

Middle Scots: commoun, common, commone

Scots: common

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman comun, from Latin commūnis (“common, general”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱom-moy-ni-s (“held in common”), from Proto-Indo-European *mey- (“to exchange, change”). Compare mene (“common”) for an etymologically equivalent native formation.

der

comoun (alternative)
commone (alternative)
commun (alternative)
commune (alternative)
commuyn (alternative)
comune (alternative)
comyn (alternative)
coumoun (alternative)
comen (alternative Late-Middle-English)
common (alternative Late-Middle-English)
commyn (alternative Late-Middle-English)
comon (alternative Late-Middle-English)
comone (alternative Late-Middle-English)
comyne (alternative Late-Middle-English)
comynne (alternative Late-Middle-English)

Shared, common; belonging to all (in a group).

Publicly or governmentally available, owned, or provided.

Frequent, usual; occuring often:
Widely disseminated or understood.

Humble, folk, lay; of the common people.

(rare) Typical; occuring the most often.

Frequent, usual; occuring often:
Typical; occuring the most often.

(grammar, of nouns, rare) Common; not proper.

Frequent, usual; occuring often:
Common; not proper.

Immoral, base, disgusting:
Infamous, reviled, despised.

Immoral, base, disgusting:
Lewd, wanton, unchaste.


unhold

From Old English unhold, from Proto-Germanic *unhulþaz.


wrað

English wrath, wroth


cundelich

English kindly

From Old English cydelic, compound of Old English cynde + -lic.


gein

Alternative form of gayn (“direct, fast, good, helpful”)


caitif

head

caitif (comparative caitiver, superlative catifest)

caitiver (comparative)
catifest (superlative)
caytyf (alternative)
caitijf (alternative)
caytif (alternative)
chaitif (alternative)
kaytif (alternative)
caytyve (alternative)
caytef (alternative)
caytyff (alternative)
kaytyff (alternative)
caiteff (alternative)
caytyffe (alternative)
kaytiffe (alternative)

English: caitiff

From Anglo-Norman caitif, from Latin captīvus. Doublet of captif.


commyn

(Late Middle English) Alternative form of comun


usant

Chaucer


rightwise

And I seide, “Ser, in his tyme maister Ioon Wiclef was holden of ful many men the grettis clerk that thei knewen lyuynge vpon erthe. And therwith he was named, as I gesse worthili, a passing reuli man and an innocent in al his lyuynge. And herfore grete men of kunnynge and other also drowen myche to him, and comownede ofte with him. And thei sauouriden so his loore that thei wroten it bisili and enforsiden hem to rulen hem theraftir… Maister Ion Aston taughte and wroot acordingli and ful bisili, where and whanne and to whom he myghte, and he vsid it himsilf, I gesse, right perfyghtli vnto his lyues eende. Also Filip of Repintoun whilis he was a chanoun of Leycetre, Nycol Herforde, dane Geffrey of Pikeringe, monke of Biland and a maistir dyuynyte, and Ioon Purueye, and manye other whiche weren holden rightwise men and prudent, taughten and wroten bisili this forseide lore of Wiclef, and conformeden hem therto. And with alle these men I was ofte homli and I comownede with hem long tyme and fele, and so bifore alle othir men I chees wilfulli to be enformed bi hem and of hem, and speciali of Wiclef himsilf, as of the moost vertuous and goodlich wise man that I herde of owhere either knew. And herfore of Wicleef speciali and of these men I toke the lore whiche I haue taughte and purpose to lyue aftir, if God wole, to my lyues ende.”


prest

English: prest (obsolete)

From Old French prest, a form of prés, from Latin pressus.

prist (alternative)
preist (alternative)
preste (alternative)
pyrst (alternative)

c. 13th century, Robert of Gloucester, Chronicles
He sende word , þat al prest to such batayle he was


seli

English: silly, sely

Scots: seelie

From Old English sǣliġ. Cognate to Middle High German sælic.


cler

a. 1450, John Lydgate

Thy place is bygged above the sterres clere


curteis

q

remodelled after <i class="Latn mention" lang="en">-ous</i>

English: courteous (remodelled after -ous)

→ Scots: courteous

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman curteis and continental Old French corteis, cortois; compare court.

cortayse (alternative)
corteis (alternative)
courtays (alternative)
courteis (alternative)
courteys (alternative)
curtais (alternative)
curtays (alternative)
curtayse (alternative)
curtes (alternative)
curteise (alternative)
curteys (alternative)
curtois (alternative)

Appropriate for a court; cultured, elegant, refined.

Showing due deference; respectful, humble.


honeste

head

honeste (plural and weak singular honeste, comparative honestere)

honeste (plural)
honeste (singular weak)
honestere (comparative)
honest (alternative)
onest (alternative)
oneste (alternative)

English: honest

Scots: honest

From Old French honeste, oneste, from Latin honestus.

appropriate, suitable:
righteous, moral, ethical

fine, good (of superior quality):
magnificent, splendid

fine, good (of superior quality):
gorgeous, attractive


feble

feble (plural and weak singular feble, comparative feblere, superlative feblest)

feble (plural)
feble (singular weak)
feblere (comparative)
feblest (superlative)
ffebill (alternative)
fyeble (alternative)
fieble (alternative)
febul (alternative)
febill (alternative)
feeble (alternative)
febele (alternative)
febel (alternative)
febyl (alternative)

English: feeble

Scots: feeble

Etymology tree
Anglo-Norman feblebor.
Middle English feble
From Anglo-Norman feble, from Latin flēbilis.

etymon

Infirm, weak, or frail; lacking physical strength or capability.

Cowardly, nervous, overcautious; lacking willpower.

Unfaithful, unbelieving; lacking religious confidence.

Unthinking, unwise; lacking mental acuity.

Ineffective, weak; lacking power, strength, or magnitude.

Easily damaged, broken, or bent; lacking sturdiness or robustness.

Insidious, iniquitous; morally wrong or erroneous.

Of bad quality, design, or keeping; shoddily constructed or maintained.

Sad, grieving (because of misfortune or bad luck)

(rare, money) Having a low precious metal content.


bigge

English: big

Yola: big

Unknown, possibly from a dialect of Old Norse, from a derivative of Proto-Germanic *bugja- (“swollen up, thick”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰew-, *bu- (“to swell”). Compare dialectal Norwegian bugge (“great man”).


rere

English: rear, rare (of meat)

⇒ Yola: raree

From Old English hrēr, from hrēran (see reren (“to rile”)).

Referring to eggs: underdone, undercooked; soft-boiled


rere

English: rear

Scots: rear

From Anglo-Norman rere, from Latin retro.

(rare outside of compounds) Succeeding, successive, next, following.

(rare) Located at the rear, hind, or back.


rere

Alternative form of rare (“thin, airy, rare”)


noyous

English: noyous

An aphetic form of anoyous; equivalent to noy + -ous.

newous (alternative)
noȝous (alternative)
noieose (alternative)
noieous (alternative)
noious (alternative)
noiouse (alternative)
noius (alternative)
noyes (alternative)
noyhous (alternative)
noyis (alternative)
noyose (alternative)
noyouse (alternative)
noyows (alternative)
noyowse (alternative)
noyus (alternative)
nuous (alternative)
nuyous (alternative)
nuyus (alternative)
nyes (alternative)
nyous (alternative)


chois

choise (plural)
choise (singular weak)
choice (alternative)
choisse (alternative)
chose (alternative)
choys (alternative)
choyse (alternative)

English: choice

Scots: chice

Borrowed from Old French chois, from Old French choisir (“to choose”). Adjectival use is influenced by chis.


eise

From ese + -y, with influence from Old French aaisé, aisé. Doublet of esy.

eyse (alternative)
ese (alternative)
aise (alternative)
ayse (alternative)

(of temperament) gentle, affable, lenient


wronge

For by his grete cruelte he putte them alle to deth that displesid hym/ he put hym self in paryll of deth/ And louyd and chees rather to dye than lenger to lyue: The euyll lyf and diffamed of a kynge is the lyf of a cruell beste/ And ought not longe to be susteyned/ For he destroyeth hym that displesith hym/ And therfore reherceth valerius/ that ther was a wise man named theodore cerem whom his kynge dyde do hange on the crosse for as moche as he repreuyd hym of his euyll & fowll lyf And all way as he was in the torment he said to y'e kynge/ upon thy counceyllours & them that ben cladd in thy clothynge & robes were more reson that this torment shold come/ For as moche as they dar not saye to the The trouthe for to do Justice right wysly/ of my self I make no force whether I dye on the lande or on the water or otherwyse &c as who sayth he recched not to dye for Justice/ In lyke wyse as democreon the philosophre put out his owen eyen be cause he wold not see that no good myght come to the euyll and vicyous peple wyth out right And also defortes the philosophre as he went toward his deth/ his wyf that folowed after hym saide that he was dampned to deth wrongfully/ than he answerd and sayd to her/ holde thy peas and be styll/ hit is better and more merytorye to dye by a wronge and unrightfull Jugement/ than that I had deseruyd to dye.

1474, Caxton, Game and Playe of the Chesse:


nake

Yola: naaghen


belde

beldest (superlative)
beld (alternative)
beeld (alternative)
beild (alternative)
bælde (alternative)

From Old English byldo, bieldo, from Proto-West Germanic *balþī, from Proto-Germanic *balþį̄.


rochen

English: rocken


sweete

Scots: sweet

English: sweet

14th c. Geoffrey Chaucer, The Canterbury Tales. General Prologue: 5-6.
Whan Zephirus eek with his sweete breeth
Inspired hath in every holt and heeth


stalworth

English: stalworth

Orfeo was a king, / In Inglond an heighe lording, / A stalworth man and hardi bo, / Large and curteys he was also.

13th–14th century, Sir Orfeo; republished as Ann S. Haskell, editor, A Middle English Anthology, Detroit, Mich.: Wayne State University Press, 1985, →ISBN, page 247:


thenne

From Old English þynne, from Proto-Germanic *þunnuz.


sead

(Early Middle English) Alternative form of sad


comunal

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman comunal or Middle French communal; by surface analysis, comune + -al.

(hapax legomenon, Late Middle English) unequivocal


strawen

English: strawen, strawne, strawn


hidous

English: hideous

Middle Scots: hidous, hidows, hidowis, hidwis, hidduus

Scots: hideous

From Anglo-Norman hidous, of uncertain origin. See English hideous for more.

hidus (alternative)
hidos (alternative)
hidowes (alternative)
hidowesse (alternative)
hidois (alternative)
hides (alternative)
hidewes (alternative)
hideous (alternative)
hidious (alternative)
hidws (alternative)
hidwes (alternative)
hidwisse (alternative)
idous (alternative)
hiddous (alternative)
hiddowus (alternative)
hedous (alternative)
hedus (alternative)
hedoes (alternative)
hedewes (alternative)
hedeowes (alternative)
hedeous (alternative)
hedious (alternative)
hudous (alternative)
hudyȝs (alternative)
hodous (alternative)
hydous (alternative)
hydus (alternative)
hydos (alternative)
hydowes (alternative)
hydowesse (alternative)
hydoys (alternative)
hydes (alternative)
hydewes (alternative)
hydws (alternative)
hydwes (alternative)
hydwysse (alternative)
ydous (alternative)
hyddous (alternative)
hyddowus (alternative)
hedyous (alternative)


dought

douȝt (alternative)
duȝt (alternative)
dughth (alternative)


lyne

lyn (alternative)
line (alternative)
lin (alternative)
lynye (alternative)
lyny (alternative)


agreable

English: agreeable

Borrowed from Old French agreable; equivalent to agreen + -able.

aggreabill (alternative)
aggreable (alternative)
a-greable (alternative)
agreabull (alternative)
a-greabyll (alternative)

Decent, passable; of sufficient quality.


unthrifty

English: unthrifty

unthrifti (alternative)
unthryfty (alternative)
onthryfty (alternative)
onthrifty (alternative)
unþryfty (alternative)
unþrifty (alternative)
unþrifti (alternative)

Worthless; without thrifty or prosperous qualities.


blameful

English: blameful


covenable

a covenable day

c. 1382–1395, John Wycliffe [et al.], edited by Josiah Forshall and Frederic Madden, The Holy Bible, […], volume IV, Oxford: At the University Press, published 1850, →OCLC, Mark 6:21, page 103:


forcasten

From for- + casten (“to throw, cast”), of North Germanic origin, compare Danish forkaste (“to reject”), Swedish förkasta (“to reject”).


veie

Alternative form of fey (“marked for death”)


chis

Inherited from Old English ċīes; probably related to chesen.

chys (alternative)
chyse (alternative)
chuse (alternative)
cis (alternative Early-Middle-English)


fumous

English: fumous

Borrowed from Old French fumeus, from Latin fūmōsus (which some forms are directly from); equivalent to fume + -ous.

fumose (alternative)
fumouse (alternative)
fumows (alternative)

(rare) Inducing malady or harm; dangerous, noxious.

(rare) Incapicitated, drunken; not sober or of right mind.

(rare) fumy; fume-like or resembling a fume.


straunge

head

straunge (plural and weak singular straunge, comparative straunger, superlative straungest)

straunge (plural)
straunge (singular weak)
straunger (comparative)
straungest (superlative)
strang (alternative)
strange (alternative)
stranghe (alternative)
straunche (alternative)
straunge (alternative)
strong (alternative)
stronge (alternative)
strounge (alternative)

English: strange

Scots: streenge, strynge

Borrowed from Anglo-Norman estraunge, a variant of Old French estrange, from Latin extraneus.

Thanne longen folk to goon on pilgrimages
And palmeres for to seken straunge strondes

late 14th c. Geoffrey Chaucer, The Canterbury Tales. General Prologue

Then folk do long to go on pilgrimage,
And palmers to go seeking out strange strands,
To distant shrines well known in distant lands.

To ferne halwes, kowthe in sondry londes;

Ȝe knowe ek that in fourme of ſpeche is chaunge / With-inne a thousand ȝeer, and wordes tho /That hadden pris now wonder nyce and ſtraunge /Us thenketh hem, and ȝet thei ſpake hem so / And ſpedde as wel in loue as men now do / Ek forto wynnen loue in ſondry ages / In ſondry londes, ſondry ben vſages […]

a. 1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “Book II”, in Troilus and Criseyde, lines 22–28:

You also know that the form of language is in flux; / within a thousand years, words / that had currency; really weird and bizarre / they seem to us now, but they still spoke them / and accomplished as much in love as men do now. / As for winning love across ages and / across nations, there are lots of usages […]


blisful

blisful (plural and weak singular blisfulle)

blisfulle (plural)
blisfulle (singular weak)
blesful (alternative)
blesfull (alternative)
blisfull (alternative)
blisseful (alternative)
blysfol (alternative)
blysful (alternative)
blysseful (alternative)
blyssfull (alternative)
blisvol (alternative Kent)

English: blissful

Scots: blissfu

Formed from blisse (“bliss, joy”) + -ful (“-full, -y”) at a time when the Old English distinction between nominative blis and oblique blisse was still current.

af

Positive, joyous; creating positivity:
Pleased, cheerful; in a positive mood.

Positive, joyous; creating positivity:
Thriving, successful; doing well.

[…] and specıallẏ from euerẏ shires ende / Of Engelond to Caunterburẏ theẏ wende / The holẏ blıſful martır foꝛ to seke / That hem hath holpen whan þᵗ theẏ weere seeke […]

1387–1400, [Geoffrey] Chaucer, “Here Bygynneth the Book of the Tales of Caunt́burẏ”, in The Tales of Caunt́bury (Hengwrt Chaucer; Peniarth Manuscript 392D), Aberystwyth, Ceredigion: National Library of Wales, published [c. 1400–1410], →OCLC, folio 2, recto:

[…] and specially from every county's end / of England to Canterbury they went / to seek the holy blessed martyr / that had helped them when they were sick […]

Amazing, wonderful; inspiring satisfaction:

Beautiful, attractive; visually appealing.


redy

English: ready


myghty

English: mighty

Scots: michty, mychty

Yola: michty

From Old English mihtig. Equivalent to myght + -y.

maȝty (alternative)
miȝty (alternative)
mighti (alternative)


symple

head

symple (plural and weak singular symple, comparative sympler, superlative symplest)

symple (plural)
symple (singular weak)
sympler (comparative)
symplest (superlative)
simple (alternative)
sympul (alternative)
sympyl (alternative)
semple (alternative)
sympill (alternative)
cympylle (alternative)

English: simple

Scots: semple

Borrowed from Old French simple, from Latin simplex (“single; singular”).

lo I ſende ȝou as ſcheep in þe myddil of wolues / þerfoꝛ be ȝe ſliȝ as ſerpentis .· and ſymple as dowues

c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Matheu 10:16, page 4v, column 1; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:

So I'm sending you out like sheep in amongst wolves, so be shrewd like snakes and harmless like doves.

virtuous, godly, without sin:
guiltless, blameless

virtuous, godly, without sin:
humble, unassuming, mild

uncompounded, simplex, singular; composed of one part.

(law, philosophy) Without extra conditions; unconditioned.

simple, spartan, perfunctory, regular
(rare) transparent, apparent

simple, spartan, perfunctory, regular
transparent, apparent

unimportant, insignificant:
meager, powerless, lacking

unimportant, insignificant:
cheap, inexpensive; of little value.


plesaunt

Anglo-Norman plesant, from the verb plere (“to please”)


amyable

English: amiable


softe

English: soft

Scots: saft

Yola: zaft

From Old English sōfte, variant of sēfte, from Proto-West Germanic *samftī.

soufte (alternative Kent)
zofte (alternative Kent)


greye

hir eyen greye as glas

14ᵗʰ Century, Chaucer, Canterbury Tales, "General Prologue"


broun

broune (plural)
broune (singular weak)
broyn (alternative)
brown (alternative)
brun (alternative)
bruyn (alternative)

desctree

English: brown
Bislama: braon
Tok Pisin: braun
→ Welsh: brown
→ Tongan: palauni

Geordie English: broon

Scots: broon, broun

Inherited from Old English brūn, from Proto-West Germanic *brūn, from Proto-Germanic *brūnaz.


certein

Old French certain, from Vulgar Latin *certānus.


repentaunt

Old French repentant, from the verb repentir (“to repent”)


solempne

Old French solempne, from Latin sōlempnis.


bisy

head

bisy (plural and weak singular bisye, comparative bisiere, superlative bisiest)

bisye (plural)
bisye (singular weak)
bisiere (comparative)
bisiest (superlative)
bysy (alternative)
bisie (alternative)
bysie (alternative)
bisi (alternative)
bysi (alternative)
bysye (alternative)
bisiȝ (alternative)
besi (alternative)
besy (alternative)
besie (alternative)
besye (alternative)
busy (alternative)
busi (alternative)
busie (alternative)

English: busy

Scots: bissy, besy, bussie

From Old English bisig, from Proto-West Germanic *bisīg (“diligent, zealous, busy”).

inh

(of a person) Engaged in activity; preoccupied.

Having a strong work ethic; diligent, industrious, hard-working.

Disposed to anxiety or concern, particularly about practical matters; solicitous, worried.

Mi will..is besi nyht and day, To lerne al that he lerne may.

Eager to; intent upon (typically followed by to, for to or þat.

(of an action or place) Characterised by activity and vigor.


fressh

English: fresh

Scots: fresh

Yola: vresh

From Old English fersc (“fresh, pure, sweet”), from Proto-West Germanic *frisk (“fresh”). The metathesis in the word that occurred between Proto-Germanic and Old English was probably undone due to influence from Old French fresche, feminine singular of fres, ultimately also of Germanic origin.

freyshe (alternative)
fresch (alternative)
flesshe (alternative)


esy

head

esy (comparative esyere, superlative esyest)

esyere (comparative)
esyest (superlative)
esye (alternative)
esi (alternative)
esie (alternative)
eesy (alternative)
eesye (alternative)
eesi (alternative)
eesie (alternative)
easy (alternative)
easye (alternative)
eisy (alternative)
eysy (alternative)
eysi (alternative)
aisy (alternative)
aisie (alternative)
aysy (alternative)
aysee (alternative)
ȝeesy (alternative)

English: easy

Scots: aisy

From ese + -y, with influence from Old French aaisé, aisé. Doublet of eise.


ynogh

ynowe (plural)
ynowe (singular weak)
inoh (alternative)
inow (alternative)
ynough (alternative)

English: enough, (archaic) enow, enoo

Geordie English: eneugh

Scots: eneuch, eneugh, aneuch

Yola: eenew

From Old English ġenōg (“enough”), from Proto-West Germanic *ganōg, from Proto-Germanic *ganōgaz (“enough”).


everich

English: every

Scots: ivery

Yola: ivery, erich, everich

From Old English ǣfre ǣlċ, ǣfre ǣġhwelċ, ǣfre ġehwelċ (“each and every”).

every (alternative)
eaver-euch (alternative)
averiche (alternative)
aver alche (alternative)
ever ælche (alternative)

14ᵗʰ Century, Chaucer, General Prologue
He knew the cause of everich maladye
He knew the cause of every illness

Than were they condeſended that Kyng Arthure and syr mordred ſhold mete betwyxte bothe theyr hooſtes and eueryche of them shold brynge fourtene persones […]

1470–1485 (date produced), Thomas Malory, “Capitulum iiij”, in [Le Morte Darthur], book XXI, [London: […] by William Caxton], published 31 July 1485, →OCLC, leaf 423, recto; republished as H[einrich] Oskar Sommer, editor, Le Morte Darthur […], London: David Nutt, […], 1889, →OCLC, page 845, lines 16–18:

Then were they condescended that King Arthur and Sir Mordred should meet betwixt both their hosts and every of them should bring fourteen persons […]


drye

drye (plural and weak singular drye, comparative *dryer, superlative *dryest)

drye (plural)
drye (singular weak)
*dryer (comparative)
*dryest (superlative)
drie (alternative)
dry (alternative)
dryge (alternative)
druȝe (alternative)
dryȝe (alternative)
dri (alternative)
drige (alternative)
driȝe (alternative)
driȝȝe (alternative)
dru (alternative)
drue (alternative)
druiȝe (alternative)
druie (alternative)
drei (alternative)
dreie (alternative)
draie (alternative)

English: dry

Scots: dry, drey

From Old English drȳġe, from Proto-West Germanic *drūgi, from Proto-Germanic *drūgiz.

Dry; lacking wetness, humidity, or water:

Having water extracted out of it; dried, shrunken.

(of food) Preserved by drying; dried or cured.

Not producing or providing water; waterless.

Lacking empathy; cold-hearted or uncaring.


verray

verrayest (superlative)
verai (alternative)
veray (alternative)
verra (alternative)
verre (alternative)
verrei (alternative)
verrey (alternative)
verri (alternative)
verry (alternative)
very (alternative)
werai (alternative)
werrai (alternative)
wery (alternative)

desctree

English: very
Solombala English: вери (veri)

Geordie English: varry

Scots: verra, vera

Yola: veree

skilled, competent (in a given domain of skill)


deef

English: deaf

Scots: deef, deif, deaf


boold

14ᵗʰ Century, Chaucer, General Prologue
Boold was hir face, and fair, and reed of hewe.
Bold was her face, and fair, and red of hue.


hooly

1380, John Wycliffe (translator), Matthew: I, Bible, 1810, The New Testament, page 4,
But while he thougte these thingis: Lo the aungel of the Lord apperid in slep to him and seide Joseph the sone of David nyle thou drede to take Marie thy wyf, for that thing that is born in hir is of the hooly Goost.

late 14th c. Geoffrey Chaucer, The Canterbury Tales. General Prologue: 17-18.
The hooly blisful martir for to seke
That hem hath holpen, whan that they were seeke.
The holy blessed martyr there to seek

Who helped them when they lay so ill and weak


trewely

From Old English trēowlīċe, from Proto-Germanic *triwwilīkaz; equivalent to trewe + -ly.

treoliche (alternative)
treouliche (alternative)
trewelisch (alternative)


litel

English: little

Scots: lytil, litil

Yola: lethel, lithel, litha, lythea

Inherited from Old English lȳtel, from Proto-West Germanic *lūtil, from Proto-Germanic *lūtilaz.

lettele (alternative)
litell (alternative)
lytel (alternative)
luitel (alternative Southern West-Midlands)
lutel (alternative Southern West-Midlands)
lutil (alternative Southern West-Midlands)
luytel (alternative Southern West-Midlands)

14ᵗʰ Century, Chaucer, General Prologue
He koude in litel thyng have suffisaunce.
He could find contentment in little things


clene

head

clene (plural and weak singular clene, comparative clener, clenner, superlative clenest, clennest)

clene (plural)
clene (singular weak)
clener (comparative)
clenner (comparative)
clenest (superlative)
clennest (superlative)

English: clean

Scots: clene, clein

From Old English clǣne, from Proto-West Germanic *klainī.


afered

English: afeared

Scots: afeard, afeart, afeared

Yola: aferdth, afear'd

affered (alternative)
afert (alternative)
averd (alternative)
avared (alternative)


Latyn

English: Latin

Scots: Latin

From a confluence of Old English latin and Old French latin, both from Latin latīnus.

Latin (alternative)
latyne (alternative)
latyn (alternative)
latin (alternative)
latine (alternative)

Relating to the Latin language:
Latin-speaking; using Latin.

Relating to the Latin language:
(rare) Written in or composed in Latin.

Relating to the Latin language:
Written in or composed in Latin.


bettre

English: better

Scots: better

Yola: bethther

From Old English betera, from Proto-West Germanic *batiʀō, from Proto-Germanic *batizô. In adverbial senses, supplements earlier bet.

beter (alternative)
betere (alternative)
betir (alternative)
betre (alternative)
better (alternative)
bettere (alternative)
bettir (alternative)
bettyr (alternative)
beteræ (alternative Early-Middle-English)
bætere (alternative Early-Middle-English)


daungerous

English: dangerous

From Anglo-Norman, from Old French dangereus, from dangier.

My wages ben fule straite, and eke full smale; / My lorde is harde to me and daungerous.

1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Freres Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC:

Of his speech daungerous

1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Prologues”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC:


untrewe

English: untrue

From Old English untrīewe, from Proto-West Germanic *untriuwī, from Proto-Germanic *untriwwiz. Equivalent to un- + trewe.


trewe

trewe (plural and weak singular trewe, comparative trewere, superlative trewest)

trewe (plural)
trewe (singular weak)
trewere (comparative)
trewest (superlative)
treowe (alternative)
true (alternative)
trew (alternative)
triwe (alternative)
trwe (alternative)

English: true

Scots: trew

Yola: drue

From Old English trīewe; from Proto-West Germanic *triuwī, from Proto-Germanic *triwwiz.

Concerned about loyalty, honourable, lawful, righteous.

True, genuine (as opposed to being fake)

þerfoꝛ marie took a pound of oynement of trewe narde pꝛeciouſe / and anoyntide þe feet of iheſu .· ⁊ wipte hiſe feet wiþ hir heeris / and þe hous was fillid of þe ſauour of þe oynement

c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Joon 12:3, page 50v, column 1; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:

Then Mary took a pound of valuable pure nard ointment, anointed Jesus's feet, and wiped them with her hair; the house was filled with the ointment's scent.