See worm in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for worm meaning in Middle English (10.3kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "worm"
},
"expansion": "English: worm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: worm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "worm",
"3": "wirm"
},
"expansion": "Scots: worm, wirm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: worm, wirm"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "wyrm"
},
"expansion": "Old English wyrm",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*wurmi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *wurmi",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*wurmiz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *wurmiz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wr̥mis"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wr̥mis",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English wyrm, from Proto-West Germanic *wurmi, from Proto-Germanic *wurmiz, from Proto-Indo-European *wr̥mis.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "wormes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wormen",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "worm",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"pl": "wormes",
"pl2": "wormen"
},
"expansion": "worm (plural wormes or wormen)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "glouworm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "wormwode"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "15 15 15 5 5 1 1 11 3 1 4 4 14 7",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Animals",
"orig": "enm:Animals",
"parents": [
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 14 14 5 5 1 2 11 4 2 4 4 13 6",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Worms",
"orig": "enm:Worms",
"parents": [
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A worm or similar small wormlike animal that lives in the ground; especially in the following special senses:",
"A wormish insect that damages plants or plant-based material (e.g. a termite)."
],
"id": "en-worm-enm-noun-ZUtoAnMU",
"links": [
[
"worm",
"worm#English"
],
[
"insect",
"insect"
],
[
"termite",
"termite#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 11 6 0 6 0 2 17 18 8 8 4 11 4",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "People",
"orig": "enm:People",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 15 15 5 5 1 1 11 3 1 4 4 14 7",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Animals",
"orig": "enm:Animals",
"parents": [
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 14 14 5 5 1 2 11 4 2 4 4 13 6",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Worms",
"orig": "enm:Worms",
"parents": [
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A worm or similar small wormlike animal that lives in the ground; especially in the following special senses:",
"A wormish insect that damages human remains."
],
"id": "en-worm-enm-noun-WlAKRosw",
"links": [
[
"worm",
"worm#English"
],
[
"insect",
"insect"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "15 15 15 5 5 1 1 11 3 1 4 4 14 7",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Animals",
"orig": "enm:Animals",
"parents": [
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 14 14 5 5 1 2 11 4 2 4 4 13 6",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Worms",
"orig": "enm:Worms",
"parents": [
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A worm or similar small wormlike animal that lives in the ground; especially in the following special senses:",
"A parasitic worm; especially one living in the stomach."
],
"id": "en-worm-enm-noun-o00Ff~tu",
"links": [
[
"worm",
"worm#English"
],
[
"stomach",
"stomach"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A crawling animal; an animal that moves upon the ground."
],
"id": "en-worm-enm-noun-WXwlQxch",
"links": [
[
"crawling",
"crawling"
],
[
"ground",
"ground"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"An animal regarded as harmful and annoying."
],
"id": "en-worm-enm-noun-Hc9UtO74",
"links": [
[
"harmful",
"harmful"
],
[
"annoying",
"annoying"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A snake or snake-like monster."
],
"id": "en-worm-enm-noun-kbUeafNt",
"links": [
[
"snake",
"snake"
],
[
"like",
"like"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 8 8 1 3 1 28 12 6 3 5 1 10 6",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Mythological creatures",
"orig": "enm:Mythological creatures",
"parents": [
"Fantasy",
"Mythology",
"Fiction",
"Speculative fiction",
"Culture",
"Artistic works",
"Genres",
"Society",
"Art",
"Entertainment",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A dragon, drake, or wyrm (mythological fire-breathing winged lizard)"
],
"id": "en-worm-enm-noun-zc2q2B~H",
"links": [
[
"dragon",
"dragon"
],
[
"drake",
"drake"
],
[
"wyrm",
"wyrm"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "9 9 9 1 7 1 1 11 6 12 14 3 12 4",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Emotions",
"orig": "enm:Emotions",
"parents": [
"Mind",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 11 6 0 6 0 2 17 18 8 8 4 11 4",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "People",
"orig": "enm:People",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 15 15 5 5 1 1 11 3 1 4 4 14 7",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Animals",
"orig": "enm:Animals",
"parents": [
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 14 14 5 5 1 2 11 4 2 4 4 13 6",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Worms",
"orig": "enm:Worms",
"parents": [
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A beast that inhabits Hell; causing suffering to its inhabitants."
],
"id": "en-worm-enm-noun-oLAgBcE9",
"links": [
[
"beast",
"beast"
],
[
"Hell",
"Hell"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 11 6 0 6 0 2 17 18 8 8 4 11 4",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "People",
"orig": "enm:People",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A pauper, miser, or other contemptuous individual."
],
"id": "en-worm-enm-noun-98ngmlrp",
"links": [
[
"pauper",
"pauper"
],
[
"miser",
"miser"
],
[
"contemptuous",
"contemptuous"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "9 9 9 1 7 1 1 11 6 12 14 3 12 4",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Emotions",
"orig": "enm:Emotions",
"parents": [
"Mind",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"regret, forgiveness; the twanging of the heartstrings."
],
"id": "en-worm-enm-noun-wLtZWLqp",
"links": [
[
"regret",
"regret"
],
[
"forgiveness",
"forgiveness"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "9 9 9 1 7 1 1 11 6 12 14 3 12 4",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Emotions",
"orig": "enm:Emotions",
"parents": [
"Mind",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"evil, malice; that which promotes maliciousness."
],
"id": "en-worm-enm-noun-lGBWl~Nn",
"links": [
[
"evil",
"evil"
],
[
"malice",
"malice"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Bible",
"orig": "enm:Bible",
"parents": [
"Books",
"Christianity",
"Judaism",
"Literature",
"Mass media",
"Abrahamism",
"Culture",
"Entertainment",
"Writing",
"Media",
"Religion",
"Society",
"Human behaviour",
"Language",
"Communication",
"All topics",
"Human",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The snake of Eden."
],
"id": "en-worm-enm-noun-hqYDjr1x",
"links": [
[
"biblical",
"Bible"
],
[
"snake",
"snake"
],
[
"Eden",
"Eden"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(biblical) The snake of Eden."
],
"topics": [
"biblical",
"lifestyle",
"religion"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Christianity",
"orig": "enm:Christianity",
"parents": [
"Abrahamism",
"Religion",
"Culture",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "15 15 15 1 1 0 1 8 6 1 6 4 20 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 13 13 1 1 0 1 7 6 1 5 4 25 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 9 9 1 7 1 1 11 6 12 14 3 12 4",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Emotions",
"orig": "enm:Emotions",
"parents": [
"Mind",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 11 6 0 6 0 2 17 18 8 8 4 11 4",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "People",
"orig": "enm:People",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 15 15 5 5 1 1 11 3 1 4 4 14 7",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Animals",
"orig": "enm:Animals",
"parents": [
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 14 14 5 5 1 2 11 4 2 4 4 13 6",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Worms",
"orig": "enm:Worms",
"parents": [
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Satan, the Devil."
],
"id": "en-worm-enm-noun-rU3HGMCO",
"links": [
[
"Christianity",
"Christianity"
],
[
"Satan",
"Satan"
],
[
"Devil",
"Devil"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Christianity, rare) Satan, the Devil."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
],
"topics": [
"Christianity"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"A muscle underneath the tongue of a dog seen as increasing the risk of rabies."
],
"id": "en-worm-enm-noun-nnHkGKlA",
"links": [
[
"rabies",
"rabies"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(veterinary, rare) A muscle underneath the tongue of a dog seen as increasing the risk of rabies."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"medicine",
"natural-sciences",
"pathology",
"sciences",
"veterinary",
"zoology"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈwurm/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈwɛrm/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈwirm/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "werm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "wirm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "wurm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "wyrm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "wyrme"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "wrim"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "worme"
}
],
"word": "worm"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"enm:Animals",
"enm:Emotions",
"enm:Mythological creatures",
"enm:People",
"enm:Worms"
],
"descendants": [
{
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"templates": [
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"2": "worm"
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"expansion": "English: worm",
"name": "desc"
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],
"text": "English: worm"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "worm",
"3": "wirm"
},
"expansion": "Scots: worm, wirm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: worm, wirm"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"3": "wyrm"
},
"expansion": "Old English wyrm",
"name": "inh"
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{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*wurmi"
},
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{
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"args": {
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"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wr̥mis"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wr̥mis",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English wyrm, from Proto-West Germanic *wurmi, from Proto-Germanic *wurmiz, from Proto-Indo-European *wr̥mis.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "wormes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wormen",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
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},
"expansion": "worm (plural wormes or wormen)",
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],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "glouworm"
},
{
"word": "wormwode"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A worm or similar small wormlike animal that lives in the ground; especially in the following special senses:",
"A wormish insect that damages plants or plant-based material (e.g. a termite)."
],
"links": [
[
"worm",
"worm#English"
],
[
"insect",
"insect"
],
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"termite",
"termite#English"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A worm or similar small wormlike animal that lives in the ground; especially in the following special senses:",
"A wormish insect that damages human remains."
],
"links": [
[
"worm",
"worm#English"
],
[
"insect",
"insect"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A worm or similar small wormlike animal that lives in the ground; especially in the following special senses:",
"A parasitic worm; especially one living in the stomach."
],
"links": [
[
"worm",
"worm#English"
],
[
"stomach",
"stomach"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A crawling animal; an animal that moves upon the ground."
],
"links": [
[
"crawling",
"crawling"
],
[
"ground",
"ground"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"An animal regarded as harmful and annoying."
],
"links": [
[
"harmful",
"harmful"
],
[
"annoying",
"annoying"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A snake or snake-like monster."
],
"links": [
[
"snake",
"snake"
],
[
"like",
"like"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A dragon, drake, or wyrm (mythological fire-breathing winged lizard)"
],
"links": [
[
"dragon",
"dragon"
],
[
"drake",
"drake"
],
[
"wyrm",
"wyrm"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A beast that inhabits Hell; causing suffering to its inhabitants."
],
"links": [
[
"beast",
"beast"
],
[
"Hell",
"Hell"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A pauper, miser, or other contemptuous individual."
],
"links": [
[
"pauper",
"pauper"
],
[
"miser",
"miser"
],
[
"contemptuous",
"contemptuous"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"regret, forgiveness; the twanging of the heartstrings."
],
"links": [
[
"regret",
"regret"
],
[
"forgiveness",
"forgiveness"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"evil, malice; that which promotes maliciousness."
],
"links": [
[
"evil",
"evil"
],
[
"malice",
"malice"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"enm:Bible"
],
"glosses": [
"The snake of Eden."
],
"links": [
[
"biblical",
"Bible"
],
[
"snake",
"snake"
],
[
"Eden",
"Eden"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(biblical) The snake of Eden."
],
"topics": [
"biblical",
"lifestyle",
"religion"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses",
"enm:Christianity"
],
"glosses": [
"Satan, the Devil."
],
"links": [
[
"Christianity",
"Christianity"
],
[
"Satan",
"Satan"
],
[
"Devil",
"Devil"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Christianity, rare) Satan, the Devil."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
],
"topics": [
"Christianity"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"A muscle underneath the tongue of a dog seen as increasing the risk of rabies."
],
"links": [
[
"rabies",
"rabies"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(veterinary, rare) A muscle underneath the tongue of a dog seen as increasing the risk of rabies."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"medicine",
"natural-sciences",
"pathology",
"sciences",
"veterinary",
"zoology"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈwurm/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈwɛrm/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈwirm/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "werm"
},
{
"word": "wirm"
},
{
"word": "wurm"
},
{
"word": "wyrm"
},
{
"word": "wyrme"
},
{
"word": "wrim"
},
{
"word": "worme"
}
],
"word": "worm"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.