See to in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "toe"
},
"expansion": "English: toe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: toe"
},
{
"depth": 1,
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{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "tae"
},
"expansion": "Scots: tae",
"name": "desc"
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},
{
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{
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{
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"2": "gem-pro",
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"4": "",
"5": "toe"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *taihwǭ (“toe”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English tā, tāhe, from Proto-West Germanic *taihā, from Proto-Germanic *taihwǭ (“toe”).",
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{
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"tags": [
"plural"
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{
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{
"args": {
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"expansion": "to (plural tos or ton)",
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}
],
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"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Anatomy",
"orig": "enm:Anatomy",
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"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Sciences",
"Healthcare",
"All topics",
"Health",
"Fundamental",
"Body"
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"source": "w"
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"toe"
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[
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"anatomy"
],
[
"toe",
"toe"
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],
"raw_glosses": [
"(anatomy) toe"
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{
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],
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{
"word": "toe"
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{
"word": "towe"
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{
"word": "teie"
},
{
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English"
],
"word": "toa"
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"medicine",
"sciences"
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}
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{
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{
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{
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"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "to"
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"expansion": "English: to",
"name": "desc"
}
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"text": "English: to"
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{
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{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "tae"
},
"expansion": "Scots: tae",
"name": "desc"
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"text": "Scots: tae"
}
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"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*tō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *tō",
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],
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{
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"2": "particle"
},
"expansion": "to",
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{
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{
"_dis": "1 0 0 15 0 17 64 0 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 0 0 24 0 15 39 0 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 38 0 62 0",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
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"to (infinitive marker)"
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"to",
"#English"
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"ipa": "/toː/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tu/",
"tags": [
"unstressed"
]
},
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"ipa": "/tɔ/",
"tags": [
"unstressed"
]
}
],
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"_dis1": "0 0 0",
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},
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"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "ta"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "ti"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "tu"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "thu"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English"
],
"word": "te"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"alt": "prevocalic",
"word": "t"
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{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
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"2": "to"
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"expansion": "English: to",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: to"
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{
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{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "tae"
},
"expansion": "Scots: tae",
"name": "desc"
}
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"text": "Scots: tae"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "ta",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Yola: ta, to, t'",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yola: ta, to, t'"
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"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "tō"
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"name": "inh"
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"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*tō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *tō",
"name": "der"
}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "preposition"
},
"expansion": "to",
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"pos": "prep",
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{
"glosses": [
"to"
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"id": "en-to-enm-prep-Zj6hv~~l",
"links": [
[
"to",
"#English"
]
]
}
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"ipa": "/toː/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tu/",
"tags": [
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tɔ/",
"tags": [
"unstressed"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "tho"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "ta"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "ti"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "tu"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "thu"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English"
],
"word": "te"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"alt": "prevocalic",
"word": "t"
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],
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"2": "to"
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"expansion": "English: to",
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"2": "tae"
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"name": "desc"
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"3": "tō"
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"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*tō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *tō",
"name": "der"
}
],
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{
"args": {
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"2": "adverb",
"3": "",
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"5": "",
"6": "{{{2}}}",
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{
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{
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"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "too"
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"expansion": "English: too",
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{
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{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "tae"
},
"expansion": "Scots: tae",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: tae"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "too"
},
"expansion": "Yola: too",
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"2": "ang",
"3": "tō"
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"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*tō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *tō",
"name": "der"
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],
"etymology_text": "From Old English tō, ta, te, from Proto-Germanic *tō, *ta.",
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"2": "adverb",
"3": "",
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{
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{
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],
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}
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{
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}
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"3": "tō"
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"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*tō"
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"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *tō",
"name": "der"
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{
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"2": "conjunction"
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"expansion": "to",
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[
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{
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"source": "w+disamb"
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"while"
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"id": "en-to-enm-conj-B6h1BziC",
"links": [
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"while"
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{
"glosses": [
"so that"
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"id": "en-to-enm-conj-q2t6vl5J",
"links": [
[
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]
]
}
],
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"ipa": "/toː/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tu/",
"tags": [
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tɔ/",
"tags": [
"unstressed"
]
}
],
"word": "to"
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{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_text": "Shortening of tone.",
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{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "pronoun"
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"expansion": "to",
"name": "head"
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"pos": "pron",
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{
"glosses": [
"the one (of two)"
],
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"one"
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{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Northern"
],
"word": "ta"
}
],
"word": "to"
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"depth": 1,
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"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "toe"
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"expansion": "English: toe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: toe"
},
{
"depth": 1,
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{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "tae"
},
"expansion": "Scots: tae",
"name": "desc"
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"depth": 1,
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{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "toan",
"qq": "plural"
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"expansion": "Yola: toan (plural)",
"name": "desc"
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"1": "enm",
"2": "toe"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "tā"
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"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
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"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *taihā",
"name": "inh"
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{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*taihwǭ",
"4": "",
"5": "toe"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *taihwǭ (“toe”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English tā, tāhe, from Proto-West Germanic *taihā, from Proto-Germanic *taihwǭ (“toe”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "tos",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
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"form": "ton",
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}
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"2": "nouns",
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"g2": "",
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],
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],
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"word": "towe"
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"word": "two"
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{
"word": "tho"
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{
"word": "teie"
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{
"tags": [
"Northern"
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{
"tags": [
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],
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"word": "to"
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"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Pages with 63 entries",
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{
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},
"expansion": "English: to",
"name": "desc"
}
],
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},
{
"depth": 1,
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{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "tae"
},
"expansion": "Scots: tae",
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}
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"3": "tō"
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{
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"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*tō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *tō",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English tō, ta, te, from Proto-Germanic *tō, *ta.",
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"args": {
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"2": "particle"
},
"expansion": "to",
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{
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"to (infinitive marker)"
],
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[
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}
],
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},
{
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]
},
{
"ipa": "/tɔ/",
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"unstressed"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ta"
},
{
"word": "ti"
},
{
"word": "tu"
},
{
"word": "tho"
},
{
"word": "thu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English"
],
"word": "te"
},
{
"alt": "prevocalic",
"word": "t"
}
],
"word": "to"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English adverbs",
"Middle English conjunctions",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English particles",
"Middle English prepositions",
"Middle English pronouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Pages with 63 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "to"
},
"expansion": "English: to",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: to"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "tae"
},
"expansion": "Scots: tae",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: tae"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "ta",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Yola: ta, to, t'",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yola: ta, to, t'"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "tō"
},
"expansion": "Old English tō",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*tō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *tō",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English tō, ta, te, from Proto-Germanic *tō, *ta.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "preposition"
},
"expansion": "to",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to"
],
"links": [
[
"to",
"#English"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/toː/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tu/",
"tags": [
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tɔ/",
"tags": [
"unstressed"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ta"
},
{
"word": "ti"
},
{
"word": "tu"
},
{
"word": "tho"
},
{
"word": "thu"
},
{
"tags": [
"Early-Middle-English"
],
"word": "te"
},
{
"alt": "prevocalic",
"word": "t"
}
],
"word": "to"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English adverbs",
"Middle English conjunctions",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English particles",
"Middle English prepositions",
"Middle English pronouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Pages with 63 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "to"
},
"expansion": "English: to",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: to"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "tae"
},
"expansion": "Scots: tae",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: tae"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "tō"
},
"expansion": "Old English tō",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*tō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *tō",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English tō, ta, te, from Proto-Germanic *tō, *ta.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "adverb",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "{{{2}}}",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "to",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "to",
"name": "enm-adv"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to"
],
"links": [
[
"to",
"#English"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/toː/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tu/",
"tags": [
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tɔ/",
"tags": [
"unstressed"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "two"
}
],
"word": "to"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English adverbs",
"Middle English conjunctions",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English particles",
"Middle English prepositions",
"Middle English pronouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Pages with 63 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "too"
},
"expansion": "English: too",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: too"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "tae"
},
"expansion": "Scots: tae",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: tae"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "too"
},
"expansion": "Yola: too",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yola: too"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "tō"
},
"expansion": "Old English tō",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*tō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *tō",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English tō, ta, te, from Proto-Germanic *tō, *ta.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "adverb",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "{{{2}}}",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "to",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "to",
"name": "enm-adv"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"too"
],
"links": [
[
"too",
"too"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/toː/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tu/",
"tags": [
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tɔ/",
"tags": [
"unstressed"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "two"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern",
"West-Midlands"
],
"word": "ta"
}
],
"word": "to"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English adverbs",
"Middle English conjunctions",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English particles",
"Middle English prepositions",
"Middle English pronouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Pages with 63 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "tō"
},
"expansion": "Old English tō",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*tō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *tō",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English tō, ta, te, from Proto-Germanic *tō, *ta.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "conjunction"
},
"expansion": "to",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "conj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"until"
],
"links": [
[
"until",
"until"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"while"
],
"links": [
[
"while",
"while"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"so that"
],
"links": [
[
"so that",
"so that"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/toː/"
},
{
"ipa": "/tu/",
"tags": [
"unstressed"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tɔ/",
"tags": [
"unstressed"
]
}
],
"word": "to"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English pronouns",
"Pages with 63 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_text": "Shortening of tone.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "pronoun"
},
"expansion": "to",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"the one (of two)"
],
"links": [
[
"one",
"one"
]
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "two"
},
{
"tags": [
"Northern"
],
"word": "ta"
}
],
"word": "to"
}
Download raw JSONL data for to meaning in Middle English (10.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (c15a5ce and 5c11237). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.