swind in Middle English

Forms: swinds [present, singular, third-person], swinding [participle, present], swand [first-person, indicative, past, singular, third-person], swinded [first-person, indicative, past, singular, third-person], swund [participle, past], swunden [participle, past], swinded [participle, past] [Show additional information ▼] [Hide additional information ▲]

Etymology: From Old English swindan (“to waste away, languish”), from Proto-Germanic *swindaną. Cognate with Danish svinde (“to dwindle, vanish”), Dutch zwinden (“to disappear, vanish”), German schwinden (“to decrease, shrink, vanish”), Low German swinnen (“to decrease, shrink, vanish”), Norwegian svinne (“to disappear, vanish”), Swedish svinna (“to disappear, vanish”). See also swindle. Etymology templates: {{inh|enm|ang|swindan||to waste away, languish}} Old English swindan (“to waste away, languish”), {{inh|enm|gem-pro|*swindaną}} Proto-Germanic *swindaną, {{cog|da|svinde||to dwindle, vanish}} Danish svinde (“to dwindle, vanish”), {{cog|nl|zwinden||to disappear, vanish}} Dutch zwinden (“to disappear, vanish”), {{cog|de|schwinden||to decrease, shrink, vanish}} German schwinden (“to decrease, shrink, vanish”), {{cog|nds|swinnen||to decrease, shrink, vanish}} Low German swinnen (“to decrease, shrink, vanish”), {{cog|no|svinne||to disappear, vanish}} Norwegian svinne (“to disappear, vanish”), {{cog|sv|svinna||to disappear, vanish}} Swedish svinna (“to disappear, vanish”) Head templates: {{head|enm|verb|head=}} swind, {{enm-verb|swinds|swinding|swand|swund|past2=swinded|past_ptc2=swunden|past_ptc3=swinded}} swind (third-person singular simple present swinds, present participle swinding, first-/third-person singular past indicative swand or swinded, past participle swund or swunden or swinded)

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{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "swindan",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to waste away, languish"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English swindan (“to waste away, languish”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*swindaną"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *swindaną",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "da",
        "2": "svinde",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to dwindle, vanish"
      },
      "expansion": "Danish svinde (“to dwindle, vanish”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "zwinden",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to disappear, vanish"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch zwinden (“to disappear, vanish”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "schwinden",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to decrease, shrink, vanish"
      },
      "expansion": "German schwinden (“to decrease, shrink, vanish”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nds",
        "2": "swinnen",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to decrease, shrink, vanish"
      },
      "expansion": "Low German swinnen (“to decrease, shrink, vanish”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "no",
        "2": "svinne",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to disappear, vanish"
      },
      "expansion": "Norwegian svinne (“to disappear, vanish”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "svinna",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to disappear, vanish"
      },
      "expansion": "Swedish svinna (“to disappear, vanish”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old English swindan (“to waste away, languish”), from Proto-Germanic *swindaną. Cognate with Danish svinde (“to dwindle, vanish”), Dutch zwinden (“to disappear, vanish”), German schwinden (“to decrease, shrink, vanish”), Low German swinnen (“to decrease, shrink, vanish”), Norwegian svinne (“to disappear, vanish”), Swedish svinna (“to disappear, vanish”). See also swindle.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "swinds",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swinding",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swand",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swinded",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swund",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swunden",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swinded",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "verb",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "swind",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "swinds",
        "2": "swinding",
        "3": "swand",
        "4": "swund",
        "past2": "swinded",
        "past_ptc2": "swunden",
        "past_ptc3": "swinded"
      },
      "expansion": "swind (third-person singular simple present swinds, present participle swinding, first-/third-person singular past indicative swand or swinded, past participle swund or swunden or swinded)",
      "name": "enm-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 3 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Our swink and our tilth is oft wont to disappear.",
          "roman": "Ure swinc and ure tilþe is ofte iwoned to swinden.",
          "text": "c. 1175, Old English Homilies"
        },
        {
          "english": "Hail, lender and lover of largeness / The sweet and sweetest that never may die.",
          "roman": "Heil, lenere and louvere of largenesse / Swete and swettest þat neuer may swynde.",
          "text": "c. 1390, \"Heil be þow Marie Moodur\""
        },
        {
          "english": "But suddenly his sweet cheer wasted away and failed.",
          "roman": "Bot sodenly his swete chere swyndid and faylide",
          "text": "c. 1400, Saint Erkenwald"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To languish, waste away, also disappear, vanish."
      ],
      "id": "en-swind-enm-verb-ZOLo8k~N",
      "links": [
        [
          "languish",
          "languish"
        ],
        [
          "waste away",
          "waste away"
        ],
        [
          "disappear",
          "disappear"
        ],
        [
          "vanish",
          "vanish"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "swind"
}

[Show JSON for raw wiktextract data ▼] [Hide JSON for raw wiktextract data ▲]

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "swindan",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to waste away, languish"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English swindan (“to waste away, languish”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*swindaną"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *swindaną",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "da",
        "2": "svinde",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to dwindle, vanish"
      },
      "expansion": "Danish svinde (“to dwindle, vanish”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "zwinden",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to disappear, vanish"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch zwinden (“to disappear, vanish”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "schwinden",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to decrease, shrink, vanish"
      },
      "expansion": "German schwinden (“to decrease, shrink, vanish”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nds",
        "2": "swinnen",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to decrease, shrink, vanish"
      },
      "expansion": "Low German swinnen (“to decrease, shrink, vanish”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "no",
        "2": "svinne",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to disappear, vanish"
      },
      "expansion": "Norwegian svinne (“to disappear, vanish”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "svinna",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to disappear, vanish"
      },
      "expansion": "Swedish svinna (“to disappear, vanish”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old English swindan (“to waste away, languish”), from Proto-Germanic *swindaną. Cognate with Danish svinde (“to dwindle, vanish”), Dutch zwinden (“to disappear, vanish”), German schwinden (“to decrease, shrink, vanish”), Low German swinnen (“to decrease, shrink, vanish”), Norwegian svinne (“to disappear, vanish”), Swedish svinna (“to disappear, vanish”). See also swindle.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "swinds",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swinding",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swand",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swinded",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swund",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swunden",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "swinded",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "verb",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "swind",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "swinds",
        "2": "swinding",
        "3": "swand",
        "4": "swund",
        "past2": "swinded",
        "past_ptc2": "swunden",
        "past_ptc3": "swinded"
      },
      "expansion": "swind (third-person singular simple present swinds, present participle swinding, first-/third-person singular past indicative swand or swinded, past participle swund or swunden or swinded)",
      "name": "enm-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
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      "categories": [
        "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
        "Middle English lemmas",
        "Middle English terms derived from Old English",
        "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
        "Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
        "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
        "Middle English verbs",
        "Pages with 3 entries",
        "Pages with entries"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Our swink and our tilth is oft wont to disappear.",
          "roman": "Ure swinc and ure tilþe is ofte iwoned to swinden.",
          "text": "c. 1175, Old English Homilies"
        },
        {
          "english": "Hail, lender and lover of largeness / The sweet and sweetest that never may die.",
          "roman": "Heil, lenere and louvere of largenesse / Swete and swettest þat neuer may swynde.",
          "text": "c. 1390, \"Heil be þow Marie Moodur\""
        },
        {
          "english": "But suddenly his sweet cheer wasted away and failed.",
          "roman": "Bot sodenly his swete chere swyndid and faylide",
          "text": "c. 1400, Saint Erkenwald"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To languish, waste away, also disappear, vanish."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "languish",
          "languish"
        ],
        [
          "waste away",
          "waste away"
        ],
        [
          "disappear",
          "disappear"
        ],
        [
          "vanish",
          "vanish"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "swind"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.

"swind" meaning in Middle English

Verb