"lovely" meaning in Middle English

See lovely in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: /ˈluv(ə)liː/, /ˈluv(ə)lit͡ʃ/
Etymology: Inherited from Old English luflīċ; equivalent to loven (“to love”) + -ly (adjectival suffix). Etymology templates: {{etymid|enm|adjective}}, {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|enm|ang|luflīċ|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Old English luflīċ, {{inh+|enm|ang|luflīċ}} Inherited from Old English luflīċ, {{af|enm|loven|-ly|id1=to love|id2=adjectival|pos2=adjectival suffix|t1=to love}} loven (“to love”) + -ly (adjectival suffix) Head templates: {{head|enm|adjective||{{{1}}}||{{{2}}}||{{{3}}}|head=}} lovely, {{enm-adj}} lovely Forms: lofly [alternative], loveli [alternative], lovelich [alternative], loveliche [alternative], lovelie [alternative], lovelyche [alternative], lovly [alternative], lufely [alternative], luffly [alternative], lufli [alternative], lufly [alternative], luflych [alternative], luflich [alternative], luvelich [alternative]
  1. Friendly, affectionate, loving (providing love) Categories (topical): Love Synonyms: lovable, lovesom
    Sense id: en-lovely-enm-adj-uDseKXSg Disambiguation of Love: 23 11 3 2 20 18 11 9 3 Categories (other): Middle English terms suffixed with -ly (adjectival) Disambiguation of Middle English terms suffixed with -ly (adjectival): 39 36 25
  2. Lustful, passionate; romantically or sexually charged. Categories (topical): Human behaviour, Love, Sex
    Sense id: en-lovely-enm-adj-RF-D0H8V Disambiguation of Human behaviour: 9 11 4 4 18 22 16 13 4 Disambiguation of Love: 23 11 3 2 20 18 11 9 3 Disambiguation of Sex: 5 20 23 9 19 4 18 1 0 Categories (other): Middle English terms suffixed with -ly (adjectival) Disambiguation of Middle English terms suffixed with -ly (adjectival): 39 36 25
  3. Lovely, attractive, pleasing. Categories (topical): Appearance, Sex Synonyms: lovesom
    Sense id: en-lovely-enm-adj-nCorxXek Disambiguation of Appearance: 5 1 73 9 8 2 0 0 1 Disambiguation of Sex: 5 20 23 9 19 4 18 1 0 Categories (other): Middle English terms suffixed with -ly (adjectival) Disambiguation of Middle English terms suffixed with -ly (adjectival): 39 36 25
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: lovelyly, luflynes, unlovely
Etymology number: 1

Adjective

Head templates: {{head|enm|adjective||{{{1}}}||{{{2}}}||{{{3}}}|head=}} lovely, {{enm-adj}} lovely
  1. Alternative form of lofly Tags: alt-of, alternative Alternative form of: lofly
    Sense id: en-lovely-enm-adj-8OQQFsbL
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 3

Adverb

IPA: /ˈluv(ə)liː/, /ˈluv(ə)lit͡ʃ(ə)/
Etymology: Inherited from Old English luflīċe; equivalent to loven (“to love”) + -ly (adverbial suffix). Etymology templates: {{etymid|enm|adverb}}, {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|enm|ang|luflīċe|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Old English luflīċe, {{inh+|enm|ang|luflīċe}} Inherited from Old English luflīċe, {{af|enm|loven|-ly|id1=to love|id2=adverbial|pos2=adverbial suffix|t1=to love}} loven (“to love”) + -ly (adverbial suffix) Head templates: {{head|enm|adverb||||{{{2}}}|head=}} lovely, {{enm-adv}} lovely Forms: loffely [alternative], loveli [alternative], loveliche [alternative], lovelych [alternative], lovelyche [alternative], lovelye [alternative], lufly [alternative], luflych [alternative], luveli [alternative], luveliche [alternative], luve-like [alternative]
  1. Nicely, affectionately, lovingly (in a loving way) Categories (topical): Human behaviour, Love, Sex Synonyms: lovelyly
    Sense id: en-lovely-enm-adv-nUCx02Ho Disambiguation of Human behaviour: 9 11 4 4 18 22 16 13 4 Disambiguation of Love: 23 11 3 2 20 18 11 9 3 Disambiguation of Sex: 5 20 23 9 19 4 18 1 0 Categories (other): Pages with 2 entries, Pages with entries, Middle English terms suffixed with -ly (adverbial) Disambiguation of Pages with 2 entries: 2 2 2 6 15 1 3 1 0 3 6 4 1 12 15 14 9 4 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 1 1 2 4 14 0 2 1 0 2 7 3 1 13 18 17 11 5 Disambiguation of Middle English terms suffixed with -ly (adverbial): 20 27 29 18 7
  2. Eagerly, fondly, enthusiastically; with great passion. Categories (topical): Emotions, Human behaviour, Love
    Sense id: en-lovely-enm-adv-rJKRxqLh Disambiguation of Emotions: 14 15 2 2 17 22 13 11 3 Disambiguation of Human behaviour: 9 11 4 4 18 22 16 13 4 Disambiguation of Love: 23 11 3 2 20 18 11 9 3 Categories (other): Middle English entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 2 entries, Pages with entries, Middle English terms suffixed with -ly (adverbial) Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 1 3 4 4 13 0 5 2 0 4 6 2 3 9 14 14 9 4 Disambiguation of Pages with 2 entries: 2 2 2 6 15 1 3 1 0 3 6 4 1 12 15 14 9 4 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 1 1 2 4 14 0 2 1 0 2 7 3 1 13 18 17 11 5 Disambiguation of Middle English terms suffixed with -ly (adverbial): 20 27 29 18 7
  3. Lustfully, passionately; in a romantically or sexually charged way. Categories (topical): Human behaviour, Love, Sex
    Sense id: en-lovely-enm-adv-fzDVRLMj Disambiguation of Human behaviour: 9 11 4 4 18 22 16 13 4 Disambiguation of Love: 23 11 3 2 20 18 11 9 3 Disambiguation of Sex: 5 20 23 9 19 4 18 1 0 Categories (other): Middle English entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 2 entries, Pages with entries, Middle English terms suffixed with -ly (adverbial) Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 1 3 4 4 13 0 5 2 0 4 6 2 3 9 14 14 9 4 Disambiguation of Pages with 2 entries: 2 2 2 6 15 1 3 1 0 3 6 4 1 12 15 14 9 4 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 1 1 2 4 14 0 2 1 0 2 7 3 1 13 18 17 11 5 Disambiguation of Middle English terms suffixed with -ly (adverbial): 20 27 29 18 7
  4. Wonderfully, marvelously, amazingly. Categories (topical): Human behaviour
    Sense id: en-lovely-enm-adv-tFShC3jN Disambiguation of Human behaviour: 9 11 4 4 18 22 16 13 4 Categories (other): Pages with entries, Middle English terms suffixed with -ly (adverbial) Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 1 1 2 4 14 0 2 1 0 2 7 3 1 13 18 17 11 5 Disambiguation of Middle English terms suffixed with -ly (adverbial): 20 27 29 18 7
  5. (rare) Courteously; in a well-mannered way. Tags: rare
    Sense id: en-lovely-enm-adv-Hdtur4SX
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Alternative forms

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  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "lovelyly"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "luflynes"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
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    }
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            "2": "lovely",
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          "expansion": "Scots: luely",
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      ],
      "text": "Scots: luely"
    }
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    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English luflīċ; equivalent to loven (“to love”) + -ly (adjectival suffix).",
  "forms": [
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      "form": "lofly",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "loveli",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lovelich",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "loveliche",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
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    {
      "form": "lovelie",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lovelyche",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lovly",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lufely",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "luffly",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lufli",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lufly",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "luflych",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "luflich",
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  "lang": "Middle English",
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  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
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        {
          "_dis": "39 36 25",
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          "_dis": "23 11 3 2 20 18 11 9 3",
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            "Virtue",
            "Mind",
            "Ethics",
            "Human",
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        }
      ],
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        "Friendly, affectionate, loving (providing love)"
      ],
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          "Friendly",
          "friendly"
        ],
        [
          "affectionate",
          "affectionate"
        ],
        [
          "loving",
          "loving"
        ],
        [
          "love",
          "love#English"
        ]
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        {
          "word": "lovable"
        },
        {
          "word": "lovesom"
        }
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            "All topics",
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        {
          "_dis": "5 20 23 9 19 4 18 1 0",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Sex",
          "orig": "enm:Sex",
          "parents": [
            "All topics",
            "Reproduction",
            "Fundamental",
            "Life",
            "Nature"
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          "source": "w+disamb"
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      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Myllers Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC:",
          "text": "Many a lovely loke on them he cast.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Lustful, passionate; romantically or sexually charged."
      ],
      "id": "en-lovely-enm-adj-RF-D0H8V",
      "links": [
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          "Lustful",
          "lustful"
        ],
        [
          "passionate",
          "passionate"
        ],
        [
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          "romantically"
        ],
        [
          "sexually",
          "sexually"
        ],
        [
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          "charged"
        ]
      ]
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          "_dis": "5 1 73 9 8 2 0 0 1",
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          "orig": "enm:Appearance",
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            "Perception",
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          "_dis": "5 20 23 9 19 4 18 1 0",
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      ],
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        "Lovely, attractive, pleasing."
      ],
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          "Lovely",
          "lovely#English"
        ],
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          "attractive"
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          "pleasing"
        ]
      ],
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        {
          "word": "lovesom"
        }
      ]
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  ],
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    {
      "ipa": "/ˈluv(ə)liː/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈluv(ə)lit͡ʃ/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "lovely"
}

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        "t1": "to love"
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  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "loffely",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
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    {
      "form": "loveli",
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        "alternative"
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    {
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      "tags": [
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    {
      "form": "lovelyche",
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    {
      "form": "lovelye",
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        "alternative"
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        "alternative"
      ]
    },
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      "form": "luflych",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
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      "form": "luveli",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "luveliche",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "luve-like",
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        "alternative"
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      ],
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        "Nicely, affectionately, lovingly (in a loving way)"
      ],
      "id": "en-lovely-enm-adv-nUCx02Ho",
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        [
          "Nicely",
          "nicely"
        ],
        [
          "affectionately",
          "affectionately"
        ],
        [
          "lovingly",
          "lovingly"
        ],
        [
          "loving",
          "loving#English"
        ]
      ],
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            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
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          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "23 11 3 2 20 18 11 9 3",
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            "Emotions",
            "Virtue",
            "Mind",
            "Ethics",
            "Human",
            "Philosophy",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Eagerly, fondly, enthusiastically; with great passion."
      ],
      "id": "en-lovely-enm-adv-rJKRxqLh",
      "links": [
        [
          "Eagerly",
          "eagerly"
        ],
        [
          "fondly",
          "fondly"
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          "enthusiastically",
          "enthusiastically"
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        [
          "passion",
          "passion"
        ]
      ]
    },
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          "_dis": "1 3 4 4 13 0 5 2 0 4 6 2 3 9 14 14 9 4",
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            "Entries with incorrect language header",
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        {
          "_dis": "20 27 29 18 7",
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          "_dis": "9 11 4 4 18 22 16 13 4",
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          "kind": "topical",
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            "Emotions",
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            "Mind",
            "Ethics",
            "Human",
            "Philosophy",
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          "_dis": "5 20 23 9 19 4 18 1 0",
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            "All topics",
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            "Life",
            "Nature"
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          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Lustfully, passionately; in a romantically or sexually charged way."
      ],
      "id": "en-lovely-enm-adv-fzDVRLMj",
      "links": [
        [
          "Lustfully",
          "lustfully"
        ],
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          "passionately",
          "passionately"
        ],
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          "romantically",
          "romantically"
        ],
        [
          "sexually",
          "sexually"
        ],
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          "charged",
          "charged"
        ]
      ]
    },
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          "_dis": "1 1 2 4 14 0 2 1 0 2 7 3 1 13 18 17 11 5",
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        {
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          "_dis": "9 11 4 4 18 22 16 13 4",
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          "parents": [
            "Human",
            "All topics",
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      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Wonderfully, marvelously, amazingly."
      ],
      "id": "en-lovely-enm-adv-tFShC3jN",
      "links": [
        [
          "Wonderfully",
          "wonderfully"
        ],
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          "marvelously",
          "marvelously"
        ],
        [
          "amazingly",
          "amazingly"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "Courteously; in a well-mannered way."
      ],
      "id": "en-lovely-enm-adv-Hdtur4SX",
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        [
          "Courteously",
          "courteously"
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          "well-mannered",
          "well-mannered"
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      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare) Courteously; in a well-mannered way."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈluv(ə)liː/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈluv(ə)lit͡ʃ(ə)/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "lovely"
}

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  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English luflīċ; equivalent to loven (“to love”) + -ly (adjectival suffix).",
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    {
      "form": "lofly",
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        "alternative"
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    {
      "form": "loveli",
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        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lovelich",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "loveliche",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lovelie",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lovelyche",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lovly",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lufely",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "luffly",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lufli",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lufly",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "luflych",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "luflich",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "luvelich",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
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      "expansion": "lovely",
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      "args": {},
      "expansion": "lovely",
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  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "adj",
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        "Friendly, affectionate, loving (providing love)"
      ],
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        [
          "Friendly",
          "friendly"
        ],
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          "affectionate",
          "affectionate"
        ],
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          "loving",
          "loving"
        ],
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          "love",
          "love#English"
        ]
      ],
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        {
          "word": "lovable"
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        {
          "word": "lovesom"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
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        "Requests for translations of Middle English quotations"
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        {
          "ref": "1387–1400, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Myllers Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales, [Westminster: William Caxton, published 1478], →OCLC; republished in [William Thynne], editor, The Workes of Geffray Chaucer Newlye Printed, […], [London]: […] [Richard Grafton for] Iohn Reynes […], 1542, →OCLC:",
          "text": "Many a lovely loke on them he cast.",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Lustful, passionate; romantically or sexually charged."
      ],
      "links": [
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          "Lustful",
          "lustful"
        ],
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          "passionate",
          "passionate"
        ],
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          "romantically",
          "romantically"
        ],
        [
          "sexually",
          "sexually"
        ],
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          "charged",
          "charged"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Lovely, attractive, pleasing."
      ],
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        [
          "Lovely",
          "lovely#English"
        ],
        [
          "attractive",
          "attractive"
        ],
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          "pleasing",
          "pleasing"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "lovesom"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
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    {
      "ipa": "/ˈluv(ə)liː/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈluv(ə)lit͡ʃ/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "lovely"
}

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  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English luflīċe; equivalent to loven (“to love”) + -ly (adverbial suffix).",
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    {
      "form": "loffely",
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        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "loveli",
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        "alternative"
      ]
    },
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      "form": "loveliche",
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        "alternative"
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      "form": "lovelych",
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        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lovelyche",
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        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lovelye",
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        "alternative"
      ]
    },
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      "form": "lufly",
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        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "luflych",
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        "alternative"
      ]
    },
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      "form": "luveli",
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        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "luveliche",
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      ]
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      "expansion": "lovely",
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      "args": {},
      "expansion": "lovely",
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  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "adv",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Nicely, affectionately, lovingly (in a loving way)"
      ],
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          "Nicely",
          "nicely"
        ],
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      ],
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        {
          "word": "lovelyly"
        }
      ]
    },
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      "glosses": [
        "Eagerly, fondly, enthusiastically; with great passion."
      ],
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        [
          "Eagerly",
          "eagerly"
        ],
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          "fondly",
          "fondly"
        ],
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          "enthusiastically",
          "enthusiastically"
        ],
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          "passion",
          "passion"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Lustfully, passionately; in a romantically or sexually charged way."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Lustfully",
          "lustfully"
        ],
        [
          "passionately",
          "passionately"
        ],
        [
          "romantically",
          "romantically"
        ],
        [
          "sexually",
          "sexually"
        ],
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          "charged",
          "charged"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Wonderfully, marvelously, amazingly."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Wonderfully",
          "wonderfully"
        ],
        [
          "marvelously",
          "marvelously"
        ],
        [
          "amazingly",
          "amazingly"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English terms with rare senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Courteously; in a well-mannered way."
      ],
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        [
          "Courteously",
          "courteously"
        ],
        [
          "well-mannered",
          "well-mannered"
        ]
      ],
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        "(rare) Courteously; in a well-mannered way."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈluv(ə)liː/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈluv(ə)lit͡ʃ(ə)/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "lovely"
}

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      "expansion": "lovely",
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      "args": {},
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  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "adj",
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          "word": "lofly"
        }
      ],
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        "Alternative form of lofly"
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  ],
  "word": "lovely"
}

Download raw JSONL data for lovely meaning in Middle English (8.0kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-21 using wiktextract (fef8596 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.