See kernel in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "kernellen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "kirnelly"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "kernel"
},
"expansion": "English: kernel\n→ Japanese: カーネル (kāneru)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "English: kernel\n→ Japanese: カーネル (kāneru)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "kirnel",
"3": ";",
"4": "churnel"
},
"expansion": "Scots: kirnel; churnel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: kirnel; churnel"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "cyrnel"
},
"expansion": "Old English cyrnel",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*kurnil"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *kurnil",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "corn",
"3": "-el",
"id2": "agentive",
"pos2": "agentive suffix"
},
"expansion": "corn + -el (agentive suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English cyrnel, from Proto-West Germanic *kurnil; equivalent to corn + -el (agentive suffix). Some forms are influenced by corn.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kerneles",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cernel",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "curnel",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "kernell",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "kirnel",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "karnel",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "kurnel",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "kurnele",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "kyrnel",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "kyrnell",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "cornel",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "kernel",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kerneles"
},
"expansion": "kernel (plural kerneles)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "39 6 18 23 15",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Fruits",
"orig": "enm:Fruits",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 33 6 11 15",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Grains",
"orig": "enm:Grains",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 13 16 23 14",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Spices",
"orig": "enm:Spices",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The seed, grain or stone of a fruit or nut."
],
"id": "en-kernel-enm-noun-BaSMQlXI",
"links": [
[
"seed",
"seed"
],
[
"grain",
"grain"
],
[
"stone",
"stone"
],
[
"fruit",
"fruit"
],
[
"nut",
"nut"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "35 33 6 11 15",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Grains",
"orig": "enm:Grains",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A granule; a small grain, flake, or ball."
],
"id": "en-kernel-enm-noun-F1QG~~BP",
"links": [
[
"granule",
"granule"
],
[
"grain",
"grain"
],
[
"flake",
"flake"
],
[
"ball",
"ball"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension) A granule; a small grain, flake, or ball."
],
"tags": [
"broadly"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 10 37 33 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 35 31 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -el (agentive)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The fundamental, superior or essential part."
],
"id": "en-kernel-enm-noun-oHClYUpT",
"links": [
[
"fundamental",
"fundamental"
],
[
"superior",
"superior"
],
[
"essential",
"essential"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) The fundamental, superior or essential part."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Anatomy",
"orig": "enm:Anatomy",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "4 10 37 33 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 35 31 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -el (agentive)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 33 6 11 15",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Grains",
"orig": "enm:Grains",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An organ responsible for production of substances."
],
"id": "en-kernel-enm-noun-umHHLeai",
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"organ",
"organ"
],
[
"substances",
"substances"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(anatomy) An organ responsible for production of substances."
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Medicine",
"orig": "enm:Medicine",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "4 10 37 33 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 35 31 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -el (agentive)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 33 6 11 15",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Grains",
"orig": "enm:Grains",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A distended organ or growth."
],
"id": "en-kernel-enm-noun-pddCtqHu",
"links": [
[
"medicine",
"medicine"
],
[
"distend",
"distend"
],
[
"organ",
"organ"
],
[
"growth",
"growth"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(medicine) A distended organ or growth."
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɛrnəl/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkirnəl/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkurnəl/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɔrnəl/"
}
],
"word": "kernel"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms suffixed with -el (agentive)",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Fruits",
"enm:Grains",
"enm:Spices"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "kernellen"
},
{
"word": "kirnelly"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "kernel"
},
"expansion": "English: kernel\n→ Japanese: カーネル (kāneru)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "English: kernel\n→ Japanese: カーネル (kāneru)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "kirnel",
"3": ";",
"4": "churnel"
},
"expansion": "Scots: kirnel; churnel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: kirnel; churnel"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "cyrnel"
},
"expansion": "Old English cyrnel",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*kurnil"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *kurnil",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "corn",
"3": "-el",
"id2": "agentive",
"pos2": "agentive suffix"
},
"expansion": "corn + -el (agentive suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old English cyrnel, from Proto-West Germanic *kurnil; equivalent to corn + -el (agentive suffix). Some forms are influenced by corn.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kerneles",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cernel",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "curnel",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "kernell",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "kirnel",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "karnel",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "kurnel",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "kurnele",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "kyrnel",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "kyrnell",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "cornel",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "kernel",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kerneles"
},
"expansion": "kernel (plural kerneles)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"The seed, grain or stone of a fruit or nut."
],
"links": [
[
"seed",
"seed"
],
[
"grain",
"grain"
],
[
"stone",
"stone"
],
[
"fruit",
"fruit"
],
[
"nut",
"nut"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A granule; a small grain, flake, or ball."
],
"links": [
[
"granule",
"granule"
],
[
"grain",
"grain"
],
[
"flake",
"flake"
],
[
"ball",
"ball"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension) A granule; a small grain, flake, or ball."
],
"tags": [
"broadly"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The fundamental, superior or essential part."
],
"links": [
[
"fundamental",
"fundamental"
],
[
"superior",
"superior"
],
[
"essential",
"essential"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) The fundamental, superior or essential part."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"enm:Anatomy"
],
"glosses": [
"An organ responsible for production of substances."
],
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"organ",
"organ"
],
[
"substances",
"substances"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(anatomy) An organ responsible for production of substances."
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"enm:Medicine"
],
"glosses": [
"A distended organ or growth."
],
"links": [
[
"medicine",
"medicine"
],
[
"distend",
"distend"
],
[
"organ",
"organ"
],
[
"growth",
"growth"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(medicine) A distended organ or growth."
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɛrnəl/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkirnəl/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkurnəl/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈkɔrnəl/"
}
],
"word": "kernel"
}
Download raw JSONL data for kernel meaning in Middle English (3.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-07-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-07-01 using wiktextract (45c4a21 and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.