See issue in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for issue meaning in Middle English (17.0kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "issuen"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "issue"
},
"expansion": "English: issue",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: issue"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "issue",
"4": "",
"5": "exit",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old French issue (“exit”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "issue",
"t": "exit"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Old French issue (“exit”)",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "issu"
},
"expansion": "issu",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "issir"
},
"expansion": "issir",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "eissir"
},
"expansion": "eissir",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "issen"
},
"expansion": "issen",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Old French issue (“exit”), from issu, past participle of issir, eissir. Compare issen.\nForms with /ʃ/ mostly do not reflect palatalisation of /s/ (as in modern English); instead, they exist because Old French /s(s)/ was perceived as being phonetically closer to Middle English /ʃ/ than to /s/.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "issues",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "issue",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "issue (plural issues)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Pathology",
"orig": "enm:Pathology",
"parents": [
"Medicine",
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "11 11 3 3 8 3 2 17 19 8 13 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 12 3 3 7 3 2 17 19 8 11 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 13 2 2 12 1 1 13 15 5 9 14 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Emotions",
"orig": "enm:Emotions",
"parents": [
"Mind",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 12 4 4 7 3 2 14 17 5 10 6 4",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Meats",
"orig": "enm:Meats",
"parents": [
"Foods",
"Eating",
"Food and drink",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Human",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 13 11 3 8 3 2 11 14 4 8 6 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Organs",
"orig": "enm:Organs",
"parents": [
"Body parts",
"Body",
"Anatomy",
"Human",
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 12 13 7 7 3 2 8 12 4 6 8 4",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Travel",
"orig": "enm:Travel",
"parents": [
"Human activity",
"Transport",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Human",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Exit, departure; the act of leaving or going out:",
"An outwards flow or discharge."
],
"id": "en-issue-enm-noun-QjfgntkE",
"links": [
[
"Exit",
"exit"
],
[
"departure",
"departure"
],
[
"leaving",
"leaving"
],
[
"going out",
"going out"
],
[
"pathology",
"pathology"
],
[
"outwards",
"outwards"
],
[
"flow",
"flow"
],
[
"discharge",
"discharge"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"Exit, departure; the act of leaving or going out:",
"(especially pathology) An outwards flow or discharge."
],
"tags": [
"especially"
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"pathology",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 11 3 3 8 3 2 17 19 8 13 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 12 3 3 7 3 2 17 19 8 11 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 13 2 2 12 1 1 13 15 5 9 14 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Emotions",
"orig": "enm:Emotions",
"parents": [
"Mind",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 12 4 4 7 3 2 14 17 5 10 6 4",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Meats",
"orig": "enm:Meats",
"parents": [
"Foods",
"Eating",
"Food and drink",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Human",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 61 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 39 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Military",
"orig": "enm:Military",
"parents": [
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 13 11 3 8 3 2 11 14 4 8 6 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Organs",
"orig": "enm:Organs",
"parents": [
"Body parts",
"Body",
"Anatomy",
"Human",
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 12 13 7 7 3 2 8 12 4 6 8 4",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Travel",
"orig": "enm:Travel",
"parents": [
"Human activity",
"Transport",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Human",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Exit, departure; the act of leaving or going out:",
"A sortie (movement of soldiers towards the enemy)"
],
"id": "en-issue-enm-noun-fDqMiHak",
"links": [
[
"Exit",
"exit"
],
[
"departure",
"departure"
],
[
"leaving",
"leaving"
],
[
"going out",
"going out"
],
[
"sortie",
"sortie"
],
[
"movement",
"movement#English"
],
[
"soldier",
"soldier#English"
],
[
"enemy",
"enemy#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"Exit, departure; the act of leaving or going out:",
"(rare) A sortie (movement of soldiers towards the enemy)"
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Anatomy",
"orig": "enm:Anatomy",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "14 13 11 3 8 3 2 11 14 4 8 6 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Organs",
"orig": "enm:Organs",
"parents": [
"Body parts",
"Body",
"Anatomy",
"Human",
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 12 13 7 7 3 2 8 12 4 6 8 4",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Travel",
"orig": "enm:Travel",
"parents": [
"Human activity",
"Transport",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Human",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An exit; a way out of a place.",
"A passage or channel out of the body."
],
"id": "en-issue-enm-noun-2MmKTCjK",
"links": [
[
"exit",
"exit"
],
[
"way out",
"way out"
],
[
"place",
"place"
],
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"passage",
"passage"
],
[
"channel",
"channel"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"An exit; a way out of a place.",
"(anatomy) A passage or channel out of the body."
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Medicine",
"orig": "enm:Medicine",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An exit; a way out of a place.",
"An issue; (incision for draining liquid in medieval medicine)"
],
"id": "en-issue-enm-noun-E-fZs8HX",
"links": [
[
"exit",
"exit"
],
[
"way out",
"way out"
],
[
"place",
"place"
],
[
"medicine",
"medicine"
],
[
"issue",
"issue#English"
],
[
"incision",
"incision#English"
],
[
"liquid",
"liquid#English"
],
[
"medieval",
"medieval#English"
],
[
"medicine",
"medicine#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"An exit; a way out of a place.",
"(medicine) An issue; (incision for draining liquid in medieval medicine)"
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 13 2 2 12 1 1 13 15 5 9 14 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Emotions",
"orig": "enm:Emotions",
"parents": [
"Mind",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 9 0 0 69 0 0 0 2 1 0 7 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Family",
"orig": "enm:Family",
"parents": [
"People",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A result or outcome arising from something.",
"Offspring, family; one's children or descendants."
],
"id": "en-issue-enm-noun-pgYsQDP3",
"links": [
[
"result",
"result"
],
[
"outcome",
"outcome"
],
[
"something",
"something"
],
[
"Offspring",
"offspring"
],
[
"family",
"family"
],
[
"children",
"children"
],
[
"descendant",
"descendant"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Finance",
"orig": "enm:Finance",
"parents": [
"Business",
"Economics",
"Society",
"Social sciences",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "10 7 4 4 4 38 2 9 11 3 6 2 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Finance",
"orig": "enm:Finance",
"parents": [
"Business",
"Economics",
"Society",
"Social sciences",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 8 4 4 5 24 2 11 13 4 8 2 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Money",
"orig": "enm:Money",
"parents": [
"Business",
"Economics",
"Society",
"Social sciences",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A result or outcome arising from something.",
"Income, revenue, especially from a tax."
],
"id": "en-issue-enm-noun-BTkvxl6s",
"links": [
[
"result",
"result"
],
[
"outcome",
"outcome"
],
[
"something",
"something"
],
[
"finance",
"finance#Noun"
],
[
"Income",
"income"
],
[
"revenue",
"revenue"
],
[
"tax",
"tax"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"A result or outcome arising from something.",
"(finance) Income, revenue, especially from a tax."
],
"topics": [
"business",
"finance"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A result or outcome arising from something.",
"The resolution of a dispute or conflict."
],
"id": "en-issue-enm-noun-GhCuvWxf",
"links": [
[
"result",
"result"
],
[
"outcome",
"outcome"
],
[
"something",
"something"
],
[
"resolution",
"resolution"
],
[
"dispute",
"dispute"
],
[
"conflict",
"conflict"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 11 3 3 8 3 2 17 19 8 13 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 12 3 3 7 3 2 17 19 8 11 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 13 2 2 12 1 1 13 15 5 9 14 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Emotions",
"orig": "enm:Emotions",
"parents": [
"Mind",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 12 4 4 7 3 2 14 17 5 10 6 4",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Meats",
"orig": "enm:Meats",
"parents": [
"Foods",
"Eating",
"Food and drink",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Human",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 13 11 3 8 3 2 11 14 4 8 6 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Organs",
"orig": "enm:Organs",
"parents": [
"Body parts",
"Body",
"Anatomy",
"Human",
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A result or outcome arising from something.",
"One's (non-biological) successors or inheritors."
],
"id": "en-issue-enm-noun-b5KWn4Kn",
"links": [
[
"result",
"result"
],
[
"outcome",
"outcome"
],
[
"something",
"something"
],
[
"biological",
"biological#English"
],
[
"successor",
"successor"
],
[
"inheritor",
"inheritor"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"A result or outcome arising from something.",
"(rare) One's (non-biological) successors or inheritors."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 11 3 3 8 3 2 17 19 8 13 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 12 3 3 7 3 2 17 19 8 11 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 13 2 2 12 1 1 13 15 5 9 14 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Emotions",
"orig": "enm:Emotions",
"parents": [
"Mind",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 12 4 4 7 3 2 14 17 5 10 6 4",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Meats",
"orig": "enm:Meats",
"parents": [
"Foods",
"Eating",
"Food and drink",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Human",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 13 11 3 8 3 2 11 14 4 8 6 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Organs",
"orig": "enm:Organs",
"parents": [
"Body parts",
"Body",
"Anatomy",
"Human",
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 12 13 7 7 3 2 8 12 4 6 8 4",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Travel",
"orig": "enm:Travel",
"parents": [
"Human activity",
"Transport",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Human",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A result or outcome arising from something.",
"One's preordained fate."
],
"id": "en-issue-enm-noun-oGH4lvjO",
"links": [
[
"result",
"result"
],
[
"outcome",
"outcome"
],
[
"something",
"something"
],
[
"preordain",
"preordain"
],
[
"fate",
"fate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"A result or outcome arising from something.",
"(rare) One's preordained fate."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "10 8 3 5 7 2 4 9 16 24 6 4 3",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Liquids",
"orig": "enm:Liquids",
"parents": [
"Matter",
"Chemistry",
"Nature",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An issue; a matter of dispute or controversy."
],
"id": "en-issue-enm-noun-YHnKjqSS",
"links": [
[
"issue",
"issue#English"
],
[
"dispute",
"dispute"
],
[
"controversy",
"controversy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) An issue; a matter of dispute or controversy."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 11 3 3 8 3 2 17 19 8 13 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 12 3 3 7 3 2 17 19 8 11 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 12 4 4 7 3 2 14 17 5 10 6 4",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Meats",
"orig": "enm:Meats",
"parents": [
"Foods",
"Eating",
"Food and drink",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Human",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The entrails and other waste products of a slaughtered animal."
],
"id": "en-issue-enm-noun-4pOSnJ~R",
"links": [
[
"entrail",
"entrail"
],
[
"waste",
"waste"
],
[
"product",
"product"
],
[
"animal",
"animal"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 13 2 2 12 1 1 13 15 5 9 14 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Emotions",
"orig": "enm:Emotions",
"parents": [
"Mind",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An display of frustration or annoyance; a vent."
],
"id": "en-issue-enm-noun-uqK3J-2g",
"links": [
[
"display",
"display"
],
[
"frustration",
"frustration"
],
[
"annoyance",
"annoyance"
],
[
"vent",
"vent"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/iˈsiu̯(ə)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/iˈʃiu̯(ə)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈisiu̯(ə)/",
"note": "with stress retraction"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈiʃiu̯(ə)/",
"note": "with stress retraction"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "essu"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ischewe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "isseu"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "issew"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "issheu"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "isshewe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "isshue"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "issieu"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "issu"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "issuwe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "issw"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "isswe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "uschew"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "usshew"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "usshewe"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ussu"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ussue"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "yschue"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ysseu"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "yssew"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "yssue"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "ysue"
}
],
"word": "issue"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "issue",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "issuen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of issuen"
],
"id": "en-issue-enm-verb-LPOErdVL",
"links": [
[
"issuen",
"issuen#Middle English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "issue"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Old French",
"Middle English terms derived from Old French",
"Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Middle English verbs",
"Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"Old French feminine nouns",
"Old French lemmas",
"Old French non-lemma forms",
"Old French nouns",
"Old French past participle forms",
"enm:Emotions",
"enm:Family",
"enm:Finance",
"enm:Liquids",
"enm:Meats",
"enm:Military",
"enm:Money",
"enm:Organs",
"enm:Travel"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "issuen"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "issue"
},
"expansion": "English: issue",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: issue"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "issue",
"4": "",
"5": "exit",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old French issue (“exit”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "issue",
"t": "exit"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Old French issue (“exit”)",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "issu"
},
"expansion": "issu",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "issir"
},
"expansion": "issir",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "eissir"
},
"expansion": "eissir",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "issen"
},
"expansion": "issen",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Old French issue (“exit”), from issu, past participle of issir, eissir. Compare issen.\nForms with /ʃ/ mostly do not reflect palatalisation of /s/ (as in modern English); instead, they exist because Old French /s(s)/ was perceived as being phonetically closer to Middle English /ʃ/ than to /s/.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "issues",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "issue",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "issue (plural issues)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"enm:Pathology"
],
"glosses": [
"Exit, departure; the act of leaving or going out:",
"An outwards flow or discharge."
],
"links": [
[
"Exit",
"exit"
],
[
"departure",
"departure"
],
[
"leaving",
"leaving"
],
[
"going out",
"going out"
],
[
"pathology",
"pathology"
],
[
"outwards",
"outwards"
],
[
"flow",
"flow"
],
[
"discharge",
"discharge"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"Exit, departure; the act of leaving or going out:",
"(especially pathology) An outwards flow or discharge."
],
"tags": [
"especially"
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"pathology",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Exit, departure; the act of leaving or going out:",
"A sortie (movement of soldiers towards the enemy)"
],
"links": [
[
"Exit",
"exit"
],
[
"departure",
"departure"
],
[
"leaving",
"leaving"
],
[
"going out",
"going out"
],
[
"sortie",
"sortie"
],
[
"movement",
"movement#English"
],
[
"soldier",
"soldier#English"
],
[
"enemy",
"enemy#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"Exit, departure; the act of leaving or going out:",
"(rare) A sortie (movement of soldiers towards the enemy)"
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"enm:Anatomy"
],
"glosses": [
"An exit; a way out of a place.",
"A passage or channel out of the body."
],
"links": [
[
"exit",
"exit"
],
[
"way out",
"way out"
],
[
"place",
"place"
],
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"passage",
"passage"
],
[
"channel",
"channel"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"An exit; a way out of a place.",
"(anatomy) A passage or channel out of the body."
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"enm:Medicine"
],
"glosses": [
"An exit; a way out of a place.",
"An issue; (incision for draining liquid in medieval medicine)"
],
"links": [
[
"exit",
"exit"
],
[
"way out",
"way out"
],
[
"place",
"place"
],
[
"medicine",
"medicine"
],
[
"issue",
"issue#English"
],
[
"incision",
"incision#English"
],
[
"liquid",
"liquid#English"
],
[
"medieval",
"medieval#English"
],
[
"medicine",
"medicine#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"An exit; a way out of a place.",
"(medicine) An issue; (incision for draining liquid in medieval medicine)"
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A result or outcome arising from something.",
"Offspring, family; one's children or descendants."
],
"links": [
[
"result",
"result"
],
[
"outcome",
"outcome"
],
[
"something",
"something"
],
[
"Offspring",
"offspring"
],
[
"family",
"family"
],
[
"children",
"children"
],
[
"descendant",
"descendant"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"enm:Finance"
],
"glosses": [
"A result or outcome arising from something.",
"Income, revenue, especially from a tax."
],
"links": [
[
"result",
"result"
],
[
"outcome",
"outcome"
],
[
"something",
"something"
],
[
"finance",
"finance#Noun"
],
[
"Income",
"income"
],
[
"revenue",
"revenue"
],
[
"tax",
"tax"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"A result or outcome arising from something.",
"(finance) Income, revenue, especially from a tax."
],
"topics": [
"business",
"finance"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A result or outcome arising from something.",
"The resolution of a dispute or conflict."
],
"links": [
[
"result",
"result"
],
[
"outcome",
"outcome"
],
[
"something",
"something"
],
[
"resolution",
"resolution"
],
[
"dispute",
"dispute"
],
[
"conflict",
"conflict"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"A result or outcome arising from something.",
"One's (non-biological) successors or inheritors."
],
"links": [
[
"result",
"result"
],
[
"outcome",
"outcome"
],
[
"something",
"something"
],
[
"biological",
"biological#English"
],
[
"successor",
"successor"
],
[
"inheritor",
"inheritor"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"A result or outcome arising from something.",
"(rare) One's (non-biological) successors or inheritors."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"A result or outcome arising from something.",
"One's preordained fate."
],
"links": [
[
"result",
"result"
],
[
"outcome",
"outcome"
],
[
"something",
"something"
],
[
"preordain",
"preordain"
],
[
"fate",
"fate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"A result or outcome arising from something.",
"(rare) One's preordained fate."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"An issue; a matter of dispute or controversy."
],
"links": [
[
"issue",
"issue#English"
],
[
"dispute",
"dispute"
],
[
"controversy",
"controversy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) An issue; a matter of dispute or controversy."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The entrails and other waste products of a slaughtered animal."
],
"links": [
[
"entrail",
"entrail"
],
[
"waste",
"waste"
],
[
"product",
"product"
],
[
"animal",
"animal"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"An display of frustration or annoyance; a vent."
],
"links": [
[
"display",
"display"
],
[
"frustration",
"frustration"
],
[
"annoyance",
"annoyance"
],
[
"vent",
"vent"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/iˈsiu̯(ə)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/iˈʃiu̯(ə)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈisiu̯(ə)/",
"note": "with stress retraction"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈiʃiu̯(ə)/",
"note": "with stress retraction"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "essu"
},
{
"word": "ischewe"
},
{
"word": "isseu"
},
{
"word": "issew"
},
{
"word": "issheu"
},
{
"word": "isshewe"
},
{
"word": "isshue"
},
{
"word": "issieu"
},
{
"word": "issu"
},
{
"word": "issuwe"
},
{
"word": "issw"
},
{
"word": "isswe"
},
{
"word": "uschew"
},
{
"word": "usshew"
},
{
"word": "usshewe"
},
{
"word": "ussu"
},
{
"word": "ussue"
},
{
"word": "yschue"
},
{
"word": "ysseu"
},
{
"word": "yssew"
},
{
"word": "yssue"
},
{
"word": "ysue"
}
],
"word": "issue"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English verbs",
"Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"Old French feminine nouns",
"Old French lemmas",
"Old French non-lemma forms",
"Old French nouns",
"Old French past participle forms",
"enm:Emotions",
"enm:Family",
"enm:Finance",
"enm:Liquids",
"enm:Meats",
"enm:Military",
"enm:Money",
"enm:Organs",
"enm:Travel"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "issue",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "issuen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of issuen"
],
"links": [
[
"issuen",
"issuen#Middle English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "issue"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (4d5d0bb and edd475d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.