hard in Middle English

IPA: /hard/ [Show additional information ▼] [Hide additional information ▲]

Etymology: From Old English heard, from Proto-West Germanic *hard(ī), from Proto-Germanic *harduz. Etymology templates: {{inh|enm|ang|heard}} Old English heard, {{inh|enm|gmw-pro|*hard(ī)}} Proto-West Germanic *hard(ī), {{inh|enm|gem-pro|*harduz}} Proto-Germanic *harduz Head templates: {{head|enm|adjective}} hard

[Show JSON for postprocessed kaikki.org data shown on this page ▼] [Hide JSON for postprocessed kaikki.org data shown on this page ▲]

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "hard"
          },
          "expansion": "English: hard",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: hard"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "yol",
            "2": "hard"
          },
          "expansion": "Yola: hard",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Yola: hard"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "heard"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English heard",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*hard(ī)"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hard(ī)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*harduz"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *harduz",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old English heard, from Proto-West Germanic *hard(ī), from Proto-Germanic *harduz.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "adjective"
      },
      "expansion": "hard",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 10 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "hard"
      ],
      "id": "en-hard-enm-adj-7VRluSIN",
      "links": [
        [
          "hard",
          "hard#English"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "harde"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/hard/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "hard"
}

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{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "hard"
          },
          "expansion": "English: hard",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: hard"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "yol",
            "2": "hard"
          },
          "expansion": "Yola: hard",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Yola: hard"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "heard"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English heard",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*hard(ī)"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hard(ī)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*harduz"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *harduz",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old English heard, from Proto-West Germanic *hard(ī), from Proto-Germanic *harduz.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "adjective"
      },
      "expansion": "hard",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English adjectives",
        "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
        "Middle English lemmas",
        "Middle English terms derived from Old English",
        "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
        "Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
        "Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
        "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
        "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
        "Pages with 10 entries",
        "Pages with entries"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "hard"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "hard",
          "hard#English"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/hard/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "harde"
    }
  ],
  "word": "hard"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.

"hard" meaning in Middle English

Adjective