"fighten" meaning in Middle English

See fighten in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

Forms: fighten . Simple past faght and past participle foghten also occur. The present participle ending of Middle English varied with location. [canonical], fighteth [present, singular, third-person], fightende [participle, present], faught [first-person, indicative, past, singular, third-person], foughten [participle, past]
Etymology: From Old English feohtan. Etymology templates: {{dercat|enm|gmw-pro|gem-pro|ine-pro|inh=2}}, {{inh|enm|ang|feohtan}} Old English feohtan Head templates: {{head|enm|verb|head=}} fighten, {{enm-verb|fighteth|fightende|faught|foughten}} fighten (third-person singular simple present fighteth, present participle fightende, first-/third-person singular past indicative faught, past participle foughten)
  1. to fight; to battle; to quarrel Categories (topical): Violence Synonyms: fehten, feghten, feighten, fihhtenn, fiȝten

Alternative forms

Download JSON data for fighten meaning in Middle English (3.3kB)

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sco",
            "2": "fecht",
            "3": "ficht"
          },
          "expansion": "Scots: fecht, ficht",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scots: fecht, ficht"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "fight"
          },
          "expansion": "English: fight",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: fight"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "gem-pro",
        "4": "ine-pro",
        "inh": "2"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "dercat"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "feohtan"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English feohtan",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old English feohtan.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "fighten . Simple past faght and past participle foghten also occur. The present participle ending of Middle English varied with location.",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fighteth",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fightende",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "faught",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "foughten",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "verb",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "fighten",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fighteth",
        "2": "fightende",
        "3": "faught",
        "4": "foughten"
      },
      "expansion": "fighten (third-person singular simple present fighteth, present participle fightende, first-/third-person singular past indicative faught, past participle foughten)",
      "name": "enm-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Violence",
          "orig": "enm:Violence",
          "parents": [
            "Human behaviour",
            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "The title of the one hundred and eighth psalm: \"To Victory; the Psalm of David\". / God; don't hold still my praising, as the mouths of the sinners and the mouths of the guilty have opened against me. / They spoke against me with a guilty tongue, they acted against me with words of hatred, and they fought against me without justification.",
          "ref": "a. 1382, John Wycliffe, “Psalms 108:1-3”, in Wycliffe's Bible",
          "text": "The title of the hundrid and eiȝtthe ſalm. To victorye, the ſalm of Dauid. / God, holde thou not ſtille my preiſyng; for the mouth of the ſynner, and the mouth of the gileful man is openyd on me. / Thei ſpaken ayens me with a gileful tunge, and thei cumpassiden me with wordis of hatrede; and fouȝten ayens me with out cauſe.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to fight; to battle; to quarrel"
      ],
      "id": "en-fighten-enm-verb-YduT3jvU",
      "links": [
        [
          "fight",
          "fight"
        ],
        [
          "battle",
          "battle"
        ],
        [
          "quarrel",
          "quarrel"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "fehten"
        },
        {
          "word": "feghten"
        },
        {
          "word": "feighten"
        },
        {
          "word": "fihhtenn"
        },
        {
          "word": "fiȝten"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "fighten"
}
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sco",
            "2": "fecht",
            "3": "ficht"
          },
          "expansion": "Scots: fecht, ficht",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scots: fecht, ficht"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "fight"
          },
          "expansion": "English: fight",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: fight"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "gem-pro",
        "4": "ine-pro",
        "inh": "2"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "dercat"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "feohtan"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English feohtan",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old English feohtan.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "fighten . Simple past faght and past participle foghten also occur. The present participle ending of Middle English varied with location.",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fighteth",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fightende",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "faught",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "foughten",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "verb",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "fighten",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fighteth",
        "2": "fightende",
        "3": "faught",
        "4": "foughten"
      },
      "expansion": "fighten (third-person singular simple present fighteth, present participle fightende, first-/third-person singular past indicative faught, past participle foughten)",
      "name": "enm-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English class 3 strong verbs",
        "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
        "Middle English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
        "Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
        "Middle English lemmas",
        "Middle English terms derived from Old English",
        "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
        "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
        "Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
        "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
        "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
        "Middle English terms with quotations",
        "Middle English verbs",
        "enm:Violence"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "The title of the one hundred and eighth psalm: \"To Victory; the Psalm of David\". / God; don't hold still my praising, as the mouths of the sinners and the mouths of the guilty have opened against me. / They spoke against me with a guilty tongue, they acted against me with words of hatred, and they fought against me without justification.",
          "ref": "a. 1382, John Wycliffe, “Psalms 108:1-3”, in Wycliffe's Bible",
          "text": "The title of the hundrid and eiȝtthe ſalm. To victorye, the ſalm of Dauid. / God, holde thou not ſtille my preiſyng; for the mouth of the ſynner, and the mouth of the gileful man is openyd on me. / Thei ſpaken ayens me with a gileful tunge, and thei cumpassiden me with wordis of hatrede; and fouȝten ayens me with out cauſe.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to fight; to battle; to quarrel"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "fight",
          "fight"
        ],
        [
          "battle",
          "battle"
        ],
        [
          "quarrel",
          "quarrel"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "fehten"
    },
    {
      "word": "feghten"
    },
    {
      "word": "feighten"
    },
    {
      "word": "fihhtenn"
    },
    {
      "word": "fiȝten"
    }
  ],
  "word": "fighten"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.