"den" meaning in Middle English

See den in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /dɛn/, /ˈdɛn(ə)/ Forms: dennes [plural]
Etymology: From Old English denn, from Proto-West Germanic *dani. Forms with a final vowel are probably generalised datives. Etymology templates: {{etymid|enm|den}}, {{inh|enm|ang|denn}} Old English denn, {{inh|enm|gmw-pro|*dani}} Proto-West Germanic *dani Head templates: {{head|enm|nouns|g=|g2=|g3=|head=|sort=}} den, {{enm-noun|dennes}} den (plural dennes)
  1. A cave or cavern. Categories (place): Landforms
    Sense id: en-den-enm-noun--EiIAxTL Disambiguation of Landforms: 28 7 14 2 14 7 2 5 2 8 5 5
  2. A chamber of residence:
    A den (animal lair)
    Categories (topical): Animal dwellings
    Sense id: en-den-enm-noun-BOt~Asap Disambiguation of Animal dwellings: 3 30 30 1 14 4 1 5 1 4 4 4
  3. A chamber of residence:
    A refuge; a shelter.
    Categories (topical): Animal dwellings
    Sense id: en-den-enm-noun-wUoVJyaF Disambiguation of Animal dwellings: 3 30 30 1 14 4 1 5 1 4 4 4
  4. A catacomb (subterranean grave)
    Sense id: en-den-enm-noun-Id-l4un3
  5. (anatomy) A cavity; a division. Categories (topical): Anatomy, Animal dwellings, Burial, Religion
    Sense id: en-den-enm-noun-UVN8iID6 Disambiguation of Animal dwellings: 3 30 30 1 14 4 1 5 1 4 4 4 Disambiguation of Burial: 0 3 3 0 70 1 0 10 0 4 4 4 Disambiguation of Religion: 0 0 0 0 11 43 0 46 0 0 0 0 Categories (other): Middle English entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 5 8 8 2 21 8 1 6 1 14 12 12 Topics: anatomy, medicine, sciences
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: denne
Etymology number: 1

Noun

IPA: /dɛːn/ Forms: denes [plural]
Etymology: From Anglo-Norman deen and continental Old French deien, from Latin decānus. Etymology templates: {{etymid|enm|dean}}, {{bor|enm|xno|deen}} Anglo-Norman deen, {{bor|enm|fro|deien}} Old French deien, {{der|enm|la|decānus}} Latin decānus Head templates: {{head|enm|nouns|g=|g2=|g3=|head=|sort=}} den, {{enm-noun|denes}} den (plural denes)
  1. A dean (ecclesiastical official) Categories (topical): People, Religion
    Sense id: en-den-enm-noun-98Sp6vLp Disambiguation of People: 19 0 0 0 0 40 0 26 0 5 5 5 Disambiguation of Religion: 0 0 0 0 11 43 0 46 0 0 0 0
  2. A leader of a group of ten.
    Sense id: en-den-enm-noun-umJaGAph
  3. An officer of a guild. Categories (topical): Religion
    Sense id: en-den-enm-noun-CJXWoOvy Disambiguation of Religion: 0 0 0 0 11 43 0 46 0 0 0 0
  4. (rare, by extension) A leader of a group. Tags: broadly, rare
    Sense id: en-den-enm-noun-YgUcDjrK
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: deen, deene, dene, deyne, doien, dyen
Etymology number: 2

Noun

Head templates: {{head|enm|noun}} den
  1. Alternative form of dene Tags: alt-of, alternative Alternative form of: dene
    Sense id: en-den-enm-noun-bLRsSMmK
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 3

Noun

Head templates: {{head|enm|noun}} den
  1. Alternative form of deyne Tags: alt-of, alternative Alternative form of: deyne
    Sense id: en-den-enm-noun-JuHvXHQo
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 4

Noun

Head templates: {{head|enm|noun}} den
  1. Alternative form of dynne Tags: alt-of, alternative Alternative form of: dynne
    Sense id: en-den-enm-noun-DXXfgcmv
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 5

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

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    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "den"
          },
          "expansion": "English: den",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: den"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sco",
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          },
          "expansion": "Scots: den",
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      "text": "Scots: den"
    }
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  "etymology_number": 1,
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      "expansion": "Old English denn",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
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        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*dani"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *dani",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old English denn, from Proto-West Germanic *dani. Forms with a final vowel are probably generalised datives.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "dennes",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
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      "expansion": "den",
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    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dennes"
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      "expansion": "den (plural dennes)",
      "name": "enm-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "28 7 14 2 14 7 2 5 2 8 5 5",
          "kind": "place",
          "langcode": "enm",
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          "orig": "enm:Landforms",
          "parents": [
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            "Places",
            "Nature",
            "Names",
            "All topics",
            "Proper nouns",
            "Terms by semantic function",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nouns",
            "Lemmas"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A cave or cavern."
      ],
      "id": "en-den-enm-noun--EiIAxTL",
      "links": [
        [
          "cave",
          "cave"
        ],
        [
          "cavern",
          "cavern"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "3 30 30 1 14 4 1 5 1 4 4 4",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Animal dwellings",
          "orig": "enm:Animal dwellings",
          "parents": [
            "Buildings and structures",
            "Zoology",
            "Architecture",
            "Biology",
            "Applied sciences",
            "Art",
            "Sciences",
            "Culture",
            "All topics",
            "Society",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "But Jesus said to him, \"Foxes have dens and the birds up above have nests, but the Son of Man has nowhere he can rest his head.\"",
          "ref": "c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Matheu 8:20, page 3v, column 1; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:",
          "text": "and iheſus ſeide to him / foxis han dennes ⁊ bꝛiddis of heuene han neeſtis.· but mannes ſone haþ not where he ſchal reſte his heed",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A chamber of residence:",
        "A den (animal lair)"
      ],
      "id": "en-den-enm-noun-BOt~Asap",
      "links": [
        [
          "chamber",
          "chamber"
        ],
        [
          "residence",
          "residence"
        ],
        [
          "den",
          "den#English"
        ],
        [
          "lair",
          "lair#English"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "3 30 30 1 14 4 1 5 1 4 4 4",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Animal dwellings",
          "orig": "enm:Animal dwellings",
          "parents": [
            "Buildings and structures",
            "Zoology",
            "Architecture",
            "Biology",
            "Applied sciences",
            "Art",
            "Sciences",
            "Culture",
            "All topics",
            "Society",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A chamber of residence:",
        "A refuge; a shelter."
      ],
      "id": "en-den-enm-noun-wUoVJyaF",
      "links": [
        [
          "chamber",
          "chamber"
        ],
        [
          "residence",
          "residence"
        ],
        [
          "refuge",
          "refuge"
        ],
        [
          "shelter",
          "shelter"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A catacomb (subterranean grave)"
      ],
      "id": "en-den-enm-noun-Id-l4un3",
      "links": [
        [
          "catacomb",
          "catacomb"
        ],
        [
          "subterranean",
          "subterranean#English"
        ],
        [
          "grave",
          "grave#English"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Anatomy",
          "orig": "enm:Anatomy",
          "parents": [
            "Biology",
            "Medicine",
            "Sciences",
            "Healthcare",
            "All topics",
            "Health",
            "Fundamental",
            "Body"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 8 8 2 21 8 1 6 1 14 12 12",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "3 30 30 1 14 4 1 5 1 4 4 4",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Animal dwellings",
          "orig": "enm:Animal dwellings",
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            "Zoology",
            "Architecture",
            "Biology",
            "Applied sciences",
            "Art",
            "Sciences",
            "Culture",
            "All topics",
            "Society",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 3 3 0 70 1 0 10 0 4 4 4",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Burial",
          "orig": "enm:Burial",
          "parents": [
            "Death",
            "Society",
            "Body",
            "Life",
            "All topics",
            "Nature",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 0 0 0 11 43 0 46 0 0 0 0",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Religion",
          "orig": "enm:Religion",
          "parents": [
            "Culture",
            "Society",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A cavity; a division."
      ],
      "id": "en-den-enm-noun-UVN8iID6",
      "links": [
        [
          "anatomy",
          "anatomy"
        ],
        [
          "cavity",
          "cavity"
        ],
        [
          "division",
          "division"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(anatomy) A cavity; a division."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "anatomy",
        "medicine",
        "sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/dɛn/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈdɛn(ə)/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "denne"
    }
  ],
  "word": "den"
}

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    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
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      },
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  "etymology_text": "From Anglo-Norman deen and continental Old French deien, from Latin decānus.",
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        "plural"
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  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "19 0 0 0 0 40 0 26 0 5 5 5",
          "kind": "topical",
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          "orig": "enm:People",
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            "Human",
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      ],
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          "dean"
        ]
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        "A leader of a group of ten."
      ],
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    {
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        {
          "_dis": "0 0 0 0 11 43 0 46 0 0 0 0",
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            "Fundamental"
          ],
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        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "An officer of a guild."
      ],
      "id": "en-den-enm-noun-CJXWoOvy",
      "links": [
        [
          "officer",
          "officer"
        ],
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          "guild",
          "guild"
        ]
      ]
    },
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        "A leader of a group."
      ],
      "id": "en-den-enm-noun-YgUcDjrK",
      "links": [
        [
          "leader",
          "leader"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare, by extension) A leader of a group."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "broadly",
        "rare"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/dɛːn/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "deen"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "deene"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "dene"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "deyne"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "doien"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "dyen"
    }
  ],
  "word": "den"
}

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  "pos": "noun",
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  "pos": "noun",
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          "word": "deyne"
        }
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          "deyne#Middle_English"
        ]
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  "pos": "noun",
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          "dynne",
          "dynne#Middle_English"
        ]
      ],
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        "alt-of",
        "alternative"
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    }
  ],
  "word": "den"
}
{
  "categories": [
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    "Middle English lemmas",
    "Middle English nouns",
    "Middle English terms derived from Old English",
    "Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Pages with 34 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
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    "enm:Burial",
    "enm:Landforms",
    "enm:People",
    "enm:Religion"
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  "descendants": [
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      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
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          "expansion": "English: den",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: den"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sco",
            "2": "den"
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          "expansion": "Scots: den",
          "name": "desc"
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    }
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        "3": "denn"
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      "name": "inh"
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        "3": "*dani"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *dani",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old English denn, from Proto-West Germanic *dani. Forms with a final vowel are probably generalised datives.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "dennes",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
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      "expansion": "den",
      "name": "head"
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    {
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        "1": "dennes"
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      "expansion": "den (plural dennes)",
      "name": "enm-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A cave or cavern."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "cave",
          "cave"
        ],
        [
          "cavern",
          "cavern"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "But Jesus said to him, \"Foxes have dens and the birds up above have nests, but the Son of Man has nowhere he can rest his head.\"",
          "ref": "c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.), published c. 1410, Matheu 8:20, page 3v, column 1; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:",
          "text": "and iheſus ſeide to him / foxis han dennes ⁊ bꝛiddis of heuene han neeſtis.· but mannes ſone haþ not where he ſchal reſte his heed",
          "type": "quote"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A chamber of residence:",
        "A den (animal lair)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "chamber",
          "chamber"
        ],
        [
          "residence",
          "residence"
        ],
        [
          "den",
          "den#English"
        ],
        [
          "lair",
          "lair#English"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A chamber of residence:",
        "A refuge; a shelter."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "chamber",
          "chamber"
        ],
        [
          "residence",
          "residence"
        ],
        [
          "refuge",
          "refuge"
        ],
        [
          "shelter",
          "shelter"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A catacomb (subterranean grave)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "catacomb",
          "catacomb"
        ],
        [
          "subterranean",
          "subterranean#English"
        ],
        [
          "grave",
          "grave#English"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "enm:Anatomy"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A cavity; a division."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "anatomy",
          "anatomy"
        ],
        [
          "cavity",
          "cavity"
        ],
        [
          "division",
          "division"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(anatomy) A cavity; a division."
      ],
      "topics": [
        "anatomy",
        "medicine",
        "sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/dɛn/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈdɛn(ə)/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "denne"
    }
  ],
  "word": "den"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle English lemmas",
    "Middle English nouns",
    "Middle English terms borrowed from Anglo-Norman",
    "Middle English terms borrowed from Old French",
    "Middle English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
    "Middle English terms derived from Latin",
    "Middle English terms derived from Old French",
    "Pages with 34 entries",
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    "enm:Landforms",
    "enm:People",
    "enm:Religion"
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  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
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          "args": {
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            "2": "dean"
          },
          "expansion": "English: dean",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: dean"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
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        "2": "dean"
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      "expansion": "",
      "name": "etymid"
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      "args": {
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        "2": "xno",
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      },
      "expansion": "Anglo-Norman deen",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "deien"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French deien",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "decānus"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin decānus",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Anglo-Norman deen and continental Old French deien, from Latin decānus.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "denes",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
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      "args": {
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        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "den",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "denes"
      },
      "expansion": "den (plural denes)",
      "name": "enm-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A dean (ecclesiastical official)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "dean",
          "dean"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "A leader of a group of ten."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "leader",
          "leader"
        ],
        [
          "group",
          "group"
        ],
        [
          "ten",
          "ten"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "An officer of a guild."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "officer",
          "officer"
        ],
        [
          "guild",
          "guild"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English terms with rare senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A leader of a group."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "leader",
          "leader"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare, by extension) A leader of a group."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "broadly",
        "rare"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/dɛːn/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "deen"
    },
    {
      "word": "deene"
    },
    {
      "word": "dene"
    },
    {
      "word": "deyne"
    },
    {
      "word": "doien"
    },
    {
      "word": "dyen"
    }
  ],
  "word": "den"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle English lemmas",
    "Middle English nouns",
    "Pages with 34 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
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    "enm:Burial",
    "enm:Landforms",
    "enm:People",
    "enm:Religion"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 3,
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "den",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "word": "dene"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Alternative form of dene"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "dene",
          "dene#Middle_English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "den"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle English lemmas",
    "Middle English nouns",
    "Pages with 34 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "enm:Animal dwellings",
    "enm:Burial",
    "enm:Landforms",
    "enm:People",
    "enm:Religion"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 4,
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "den",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "word": "deyne"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Alternative form of deyne"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "deyne",
          "deyne#Middle_English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "den"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle English lemmas",
    "Middle English nouns",
    "Pages with 34 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "enm:Animal dwellings",
    "enm:Burial",
    "enm:Landforms",
    "enm:People",
    "enm:Religion"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 5,
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "den",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "word": "dynne"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Alternative form of dynne"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "dynne",
          "dynne#Middle_English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "den"
}

Download raw JSONL data for den meaning in Middle English (7.0kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.